informe 1 diagrama de fases liquido liquido

7/17/2019 Informe 1 Diagrama de Fases Liquido Liquido

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LABORATORIO DE FISICOQUÍMICA II - UNIVERSIDAD DE NARIÑO

DIAGRAMA DE FASES LIQUIDO-LIQUIDO

.

Palabras clave: fase, miscibilidad, sistema.

Resumen: Se determino exeriment!"mente e" di!#r!m! de $!%e% de &ex!no ennitro'en(eno) en e" (*!" %e *do o'%er+!r "! temer!t*r! (r,ti(! "! (*!" $*e de .C o

or en(im! de e%t! temer!t*r! "o% do% (omonente% %on (om"et!mentemi%(i'"e%) !%, (omo t!m'i/n %e o'%er+o 0*e ! medid! 0*e "! (!ntid!d de &ex!no!*ment! en (om!r!(i1n de" nitro'en(eno "! temer!t*r! de mi%(i'i"id!d e% m*(&omenor2

Introducción

M*(&o% ",0*ido% re%ent!n e" $en1meno de mi%(i'i"id!d !r(i!") e%te e% rod*(idoor re*"%i1n entre "!% mo"/(*"!% de "o% (omonente% de "! me3("! !%, (omo %*(ede(on e" %i%tem! $orm!do entre &ex!no 4 nitro'en(eno) !%, (*!ndo %e !#re#! *n!(!ntid!d e0*e5! de *n! %e#*nd! %*%t!n(i!) (!!3 de di%o"+er%e en "! rimer!)d!r6 "*#!r ! "! $orm!(i1n de *n %i%tem! 'i+!ri!nte) *e% e" n7mero de (omonente%e% 8 4 e" n7mero de $!%e% t!m'i/n2 A temer!t*r! (on%t!nte) "! re%i1n de" %i%tem!e% *n! $*n(i1n de "! (omo%i(i1n2 Si e" %e#*ndo (omonente e% *n ",0*ido!r(i!"mente %o"*'"e en e" mi%mo 4 %e !#re#! en (!ntid!de% (re(iente%) "! %o"*(i1n

re%*"t!nte erm!ne(er6 &omo#/ne! 4 %* (omo%i(i1n 4 re%i1n %e modi9(!r6n(ontin*!mente &!%t! 0*e "! (on(entr!(i1n !"(!n(e *n +!"or de9nido ! !rtir de" (*!""! %*%t!n(i! no (ontin*!r6 di%o"+i/ndo%e 4 e%to d!r6 "*#!r ! "! $orm!(i1n de do%$!%e% ",0*id!%) Deendiendo de "!% (ondi(ione% de (on(entr!(i1n 4 temer!t*r! *n!me3("! 'in!ri! de do% ",0*ido% *ede re%ent!r%e $orm!ndo *n! 7ni(! $!%e&omo#/ne! o $orm!ndo do% $!%e% (on (on(entr!(ione% di%tint!%) (on *n! inter$!(e%e!r6ndo"!%2 E%te $en1meno %e denomin! %e!r!(i1n de $!%e% o t!m'i/n tr!n%i(i1nde $!%e ",0*ido-",0*ido2 En *n di!#r!m! (on(entr!(i1n - temer!t*r! !!re(er6 *n!(*r+! de (oexi%ten(i! de $!%e%) 0*e %e!r! "! re#i1n donde e" %i%tem! %e re%ent!en *n! %o"! $!%e de "! re#i1n en "! 0*e e" %i%tem! %e re%ent! en do% $!%e%2 E"

m6ximo de "! (*r+! de (oexi%ten(i! e% *n *nto (r,ti(o) 0*e %e denomin! *nto(on%o"*to2 Termodin6mi(!mente) e" !r6metro 0*e (ontro"! %i e" %i%tem! %ere%ent! en *n! o do% $!%e% e% e" oten(i!" de i''% mo"!r de me3("!: m A A B B ; x < = > x < =2 L! $*n(i1n m e% "! di$eren(i! de ener#,! "i're or mo" entre "!me3("! &omo#/ne! 4 "!% do% $!%e% %e!r!d!%2 Se#7n %e! "! (on(!+id!d de m(omo $*n(i1n de "! (on(entr!(i1n) e" %i%tem! %e re%ent! en *n! $!%e ?(on(!+id!do%iti+!@ o en do% $!%e% ?(on(!+id!d ne#!ti+!@2 D!do 0*e "! $orm!(i1n de "!%%o"*(ione% e%t6 !(om!5!d! (on (!m'io% t/rmi(o%) "! %o"*'i"id!d *ede !*ment!r o




di%min*ir (on e" in(remento de "! temer!t*r!2 L!% do% %o"*(ione% 0*e !*n! temer!t*r! d!d! (oexi%ten en e0*i"i'rio) %e denomin!n %o"*(ione%

(on*#!d!%2

Metodología

Resultados y discusión

Tabla 1. roor(i1n 4 $r!((i1n mo"!r de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno

Tubo 1 2 3 4 5 6%

e!ano

. G H

"e!ano

En *n %i%tem! $orm!do or do% %*%t!n(i!% 0*e %on !r(i!"mente mi%(i'"e%) e% de(ir0*e no %e me3("!n en tod!% "!% roor(ione% ! (*!"0*ier temer!t*r!) %e o'tiene*n! %o"*(i1n &etero#/ne!) (on "! $orm!(i1n de *n! %e#*nd! $!%e (on*#!d! de "!rimer! (omo e% e" (!%o de" %i%tem! de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno 4 0*e (on%i%te en*n! (!ntid!d e0*e5! de n-&ex!no en nitro'en(eno) t!" (omo %e o'%er+! en "!t!'"! J2 Si "! temer!t*r! %e e"e+!) %e !"(!n3! *n +!"or !" (*!" "! %e#*nd! $!%ede%!!re(e) 4 e" %i%tem! 'in!rio !%! ! tener *n! %o"! $!%e ero or !#re#!do




o%terior de %o"*to ! e%! n*e+! temer!t*r! T) %e o'tienen otr! +e3 do%$!%e% (on*#!d!% 4 n*e+!mente %er6 ne(e%!rio !*ment!r "! temer!t*r!

!r! 0*e "!% $!%e% %e!n mi%(i'"e%2 Anot!ndo "!% temer!t*r!% de mi%(i'i"id!d 4 "!%(!ntid!de% de n-&ex!no !#re#!do %o're nitro'en(eno %e o'tiene "! (*r+! de%o"*'i"id!d de n-&ex!no en nitro'en(eno2 Se *ede (omro'!r 0*e) (*!ndo "!

temer!t*r! !*ment! &!%t! !roxim!d!mente .o

e" n-&ex!no e% %o"*'"e ennitro'en(eno en tod!% "!% roor(ione%) mientr!% 0*e or de'!o de e%!temer!t*r!) exi%te *n! 3on! de (on(entr!(i1n 4 temer!t*r! ! "! (*!" !!re(en "!%do% $!%e% (on*#!d!%2 or otro "!do) %e odr,! o'tener *n! (*r+! de %o"*'i"id!d denitro'en(eno en &ex!no) %i %e !#re#!n (!ntid!de% (ono(id!% de nitro'en(eno %o're*n! (!ntid!d determin!d! de &ex!no 4 %e miden "!% temer!t*r!% ! "!% (*!"e% %erod*(en "!% (orre%ondiente% mi%(i'i"id!de% de "!% $!%e% (on*#!d!%) !%, (omo ene" ro(edimiento !nterior2 Exi%te *n *nto) en e" (*!" "!% do% (*r+!% %on (om*ne%)e% de(ir 0*e "! %o"*(i1n de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno tiene "! mi%m! (omo%i(i1n 0*e"! %o"*(i1n de nitro'en(eno en &ex!no2 A e%te *nto %e "o denomin! *nto (r,ti(o ode (odi%o"*(i1n 4 "! temer!t*r! ! "! (*!" o(*rre) %e "e nom'r! (omo temer!t*r!(r,ti(! o de (odi%o"*(i1n2 L! (omo%i(i1n *ede t!m'i/n denomin!r%e (on(entr!(i1n(r,ti(!2 #sta $arte no se si colocarla

E%t! temer!t*r! ! "! (*!" !!re(en n*e+!mente "!% do% $!%e% no di9ere m*(&o de"! temer!t*r! o'%er+!d! !r! "! mi%(i'i"id!d 4 "! $orm!(i1n de *n! %o"! $!%e de"%i%tem!) t!" (omo %e *ede o'%er+!r en "! t!'"! 82 En e%e *nto "!% (!ntid!de%re"!ti+!% de !m'!% $!%e% e%t6n d!d!% or "! re#"! de "! !"!n(!) e% de(ir "!(omo%i(i1n de "!% do% $!%e% en e" e0*i"i'rio +!ri! (on "! temer!t*r!) !%, (omo "!mi%(i'i"id!d entre e""o%) e% !%, (omo &!(iendo +!ri!% reeti(ione% ! di$erente%roor(ione% de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno %e o't*+o e" di!#r!m! de $!%e% 0*e %e

o'%er+! m6% !de"!nte 9#*r! J2 T!'"! 82 Temer!t*r!% de mi%(i'i"id!d de &ex!no 4 nitro'en(eno

Temer!t*r! Co

&ex!nonitro'en(e

no

Fi#*r! J2 Di!#r!m! de $!%e% "i0*ido-"i0*ido &ex!no 4 nitro'en(eno2




De "! 9#*r! J di!#r!m! de $!%e% de" %i%tem! o'tenido %e *ede de(ir 0*e "!temer!t*r! (riti(! en "! (*!" %e rod*(e "! %e!r!(i1n de "!% $!%e% e% . Co oren(im! de e%t! temer!t*r! "o% do% (omonente% de "! me3("! %on tot!"mentemi%(i'"e%2 E%to %e de'e ! 0*e e" mo+imiento t/rmi(o %*er! "! ener#,! oten(i!" 0*em!ntiene *nid!% "!% mo"/(*"!% de *n mi%mo tio) !%, mi%mo %e *ede de(ir 0*e en"! medid! 0*e "! roor(i1n de &ex!no %i#*e !*ment!ndo 4 "! de nitro'en(enodi%min*4e "! mi%(i'i"id!d !%, (omo "! $orm!(i1n de "!% do% $!%e% %e o'%er+! ! *n!temer!t*r! m*(&o menor) 4! 0*e "! $orm!(i1n de *n! %o"! $!%e (*!ndo "!roor(i1n de &ex!no e% ! J de nitro'en(eno %e &!(e ! temer!t*r!!m'iente or "o (*!" $*e ne(e%!rio re!"i3!r *n '!5o de &ie"o !r! oder o'%er+!r "!$orm!(i1n de "!% do% $!%e%) e%to %*(edi1 (on e" 7"timo en%!4o2

onclusiones

• Con e%te %en(i""o exerimento %e *ede o'%er+!r "!% temer!t*r!% ! "!% (*!"e%do% ",0*ido% %on mi%(i'"e% (om"et!mente de%*/% de *n! temer!t*r!(riti(!2

• A" !*ment!r "! temer!t*r! de" %i%tem! !*ment! "! %o"*'i"id!d de *n(omonente en e" otro2

• E" Di!#r!m! de F!%e e% de #r!n imort!n(i! 4! 0*e medi!nte e" en(ontr!mo%"o% di$erente% tio% de e%t!do% de *n m!teri!" 0*e %on %i%tem!% 0*e +!n en$*n(i1n de tod!% "!% $!%e% de (!m'io% 0*e rere%ent!n determin!d!%

(ondi(ione% de re%i1n) temer!t*r! 4 (omo%i(i1n 0*e ! !rtir de e%to%di!#r!m!% odemo% o'tener in$orm!(ione% r6id!mente de (*!" odemo%o'tener %!ti%$!(torio% re%*"t!do% 0*e +!n en $*n(i1n de "o% e0*i"i'rio% de e%te%i%tem!% en (omo%i(i1n de %* $!%e2

informe 1 diagrama de fases liquido liquido

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