grammar guide 2014
TRANSCRIPT
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Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 1
GUIA
GRAMATICAL
2014
Prof Ma Candela Peacuterez Albizuacute
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 2
INTRODUCCION
Las palabras pertenecen a distintas clases gramaticales En algunas lenguas la palabra misma nos dice a que clase pertenece Pero en ingleacutes hay muy pocas pistas en la palabra misma y con frecuencia tenemos que mirar el contexto
Adjetivo sustantivo preposicioacuten
Ej The little child ran quickly up another hill
Articulo verbo adverbio cuantificador
Ademaacutes muchas palabras pueden funcionar como miembros de una clase en un contexto y como miembros de otra clase en otros contextos
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 3
CLASES DE CATEGORIAS GRAMATICALES
PALABRAS DE CONTENIDO Items de vocabulario Con la adicioacuten de un prefijo o sufijo cambian de categoriacutea
gramatical y significado Tienen significado propio Conforman un sistema abierto
Sustantivos
Adjetivos
Adverbios
Verbos
PALABRAS FUNCIONALES Establecen relaciones entre conceptos Dependen de otras palabras para su
significado Forman un sistema cerrado
Determinantes
Pronombres
Preposiciones
Conectores
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 4
iquestCoacutemo nos referimos a las personas y a las cosas
Dicho sencillamente usamos el lenguaje para hablar acerca de las personas y de
las cosas Hacemos esto uti lizando las palabras de diversos modos por ejemplo para hacer afirmaciones formular preguntas y dar oacuterdenes
Ademaacutes organizamos las palabras que elegimos en grupos o bloques de significado ya sea alrededor de un sustantivo o alrededor de un verbo Estos grupos son llamados grupos (o frases) nominales y grupos (o frases) verbales
Los grupos nominales nos dicen de queacute personas o cosas se estaacute hablando Los grupos verbales nos dicen que se estaacute diciendo de ellos por ejemplo que estaacuten
haciendo
GRUPO NOMINAL
Un grupo nominal normalmente comprende un sustantivo (o pronombre) que funcionan como nuacutecleo rodeado por otros elementos los cuales todos de alguna manera caracterizan ese sustantivo determinantes premodificadores y
postmodificadores El ingleacutes es un idioma muy nominalizado y por lo tanto el significado leacutexico en gran
medida se encuentra en los grupos nominales El grupo nominal es una secuencia linguumliacutestica que puede funcionar como sujeto objeto complemento del sujeto o complemento de una preposicioacuten
La definicioacuten de sustantivo maacutes conocida dice que eacuteste describe a una persona lugar o cosa Sin embargo utilizamos los sustantivos para expresar tambieacuten otros
significados tales como conceptos cualidades organizaciones comunidades sensaciones Se aplican a los sustantivos las categoriacuteas de nuacutemero geacutenero y caso
Food guide pyramid
A Food guide pyramid is a quantitative nutrition guideline using a mnemonic graphic of a pyramid with hierarchical separated zones to represent suggested percentages of the daily
diet for different food groups Since 1992 the first well known pyramid by the USDA several other countries and organizations published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal
representation as well[1]
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 5
DETERMINANTES PREMODIFICADORES NUacuteCLEO POSMODIFICADORES
Ver tabla
(Adverbio +) Adjetivo
Sustantivo
Frase preposicional
Sustantivo
Claacuteusulas
Verboide (no infinitivos)
Verboide
Ejemplos
Como sujeto A food guide pyramid is helliphellip
Como objeto published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal representation
Como complementode una preposicion percentages of the daily diet
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 6
DETERMINANTES Y PRONOMBRES
DETERMINANTES (preceden al sustantivo)
PRONOMBRES = REFERENTES
CONTEXTUALES (reemplazan al sustantivo)
ARTIacuteCULOS
Definido the ----------------
Indefinido a an Indefinido one ones
DEMOSTRATIVOS This these that those
POSESIVOS My your his her its our your their
Mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
CUANTIFICADORES
All both half some any no every each either neither most more less least enough much many several few littleratherfairlyhardly
WH- What (ever) which (ever) who (ever) whose where
De relativo who whose whom which that
NUMERALES
Cardinales one two three
Ordinales first second next last other
GENITIVOS lsquos (Maryrsquos room is white) lsquos (Tomrsquos is blue)
Personales y reflexivos ver tabla
siguiente
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
REFLEXIVOS Sujeto Objeto
1ra persona
Singular I me myself
Plural we us ourselves
2da persona
Singular you you
yourself
Plural yourselves
3ra
persona
Singular
masc he him Himself
fem she her Herself
neutro it it Itself
Plural they them themselves
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 7
AFIJOS
PREFIJOS (marcan opuestos)
SUFIJOS (marcan la categoriacutea de la unidad
lexical)
SUSTANTIVOS
Dis (disproportion)
Under (underground)
De (deforestation) Mal (malformation)
A (amoral)
Pre (prerequisite) Post (postgraduate)
Er-or (driver-insulator-doctor) Ist (biologist) Ian (mathematici an)
Hood (neighbourhood) Ship (friendship) Ness (weakness)
Ance-ence(importance-confidence) Ment (investment-government) Tion (production)
Ity (productivity- necessity) Al (refusal-rehearsal) Age (storage)
Dom (freedom) Acy (democracy) Are (failure)
Ism (idealism) Th (depth-growth)
ADJETIVOS In (incomplete)
Im (impossible) Un (unnatural-unconscious) Ir (irregular)
Il (illegal) Dis (disobedient) Non (non-technical)
Ex (exterritorial) Over (overactive) Under (underestimated)
Able ndashible (reasonable)
Ory (compulsory) Al (natural) Ic (authentic)
Ive (creative) Ant-ent (important-confident) Ese (Chinese-Japanese)
Ian (Colombian-Australian) Ish (foolish) Y (creamy-hairy)
Ful (useful) Less (useless) Ed (distracted)
Er (comparativo longer) + Est (superlativo smallest) ++
VERBOS
Dis (to disappear)
De (to dehumidify) Mis ( to mispronounce) En (to enlarge-to enable)
Re (to rebuild-to review) Fore (to foretell) Over (to overheat-
overemphasize)
Ate (to activate-to confiscate)
Ify (to intensify-to simplify)
Ize (to specialize) En (to lenghten-to shorten)
ADVERBIOS
Los mismos prefijos de los adjetivos
Ly (quickly-friendly) Ward (upward-toward-backward)
Wise (clockwise-likewise)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
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GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 2: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 2
INTRODUCCION
Las palabras pertenecen a distintas clases gramaticales En algunas lenguas la palabra misma nos dice a que clase pertenece Pero en ingleacutes hay muy pocas pistas en la palabra misma y con frecuencia tenemos que mirar el contexto
Adjetivo sustantivo preposicioacuten
Ej The little child ran quickly up another hill
Articulo verbo adverbio cuantificador
Ademaacutes muchas palabras pueden funcionar como miembros de una clase en un contexto y como miembros de otra clase en otros contextos
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 3
CLASES DE CATEGORIAS GRAMATICALES
PALABRAS DE CONTENIDO Items de vocabulario Con la adicioacuten de un prefijo o sufijo cambian de categoriacutea
gramatical y significado Tienen significado propio Conforman un sistema abierto
Sustantivos
Adjetivos
Adverbios
Verbos
PALABRAS FUNCIONALES Establecen relaciones entre conceptos Dependen de otras palabras para su
significado Forman un sistema cerrado
Determinantes
Pronombres
Preposiciones
Conectores
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 4
iquestCoacutemo nos referimos a las personas y a las cosas
Dicho sencillamente usamos el lenguaje para hablar acerca de las personas y de
las cosas Hacemos esto uti lizando las palabras de diversos modos por ejemplo para hacer afirmaciones formular preguntas y dar oacuterdenes
Ademaacutes organizamos las palabras que elegimos en grupos o bloques de significado ya sea alrededor de un sustantivo o alrededor de un verbo Estos grupos son llamados grupos (o frases) nominales y grupos (o frases) verbales
Los grupos nominales nos dicen de queacute personas o cosas se estaacute hablando Los grupos verbales nos dicen que se estaacute diciendo de ellos por ejemplo que estaacuten
haciendo
GRUPO NOMINAL
Un grupo nominal normalmente comprende un sustantivo (o pronombre) que funcionan como nuacutecleo rodeado por otros elementos los cuales todos de alguna manera caracterizan ese sustantivo determinantes premodificadores y
postmodificadores El ingleacutes es un idioma muy nominalizado y por lo tanto el significado leacutexico en gran
medida se encuentra en los grupos nominales El grupo nominal es una secuencia linguumliacutestica que puede funcionar como sujeto objeto complemento del sujeto o complemento de una preposicioacuten
La definicioacuten de sustantivo maacutes conocida dice que eacuteste describe a una persona lugar o cosa Sin embargo utilizamos los sustantivos para expresar tambieacuten otros
significados tales como conceptos cualidades organizaciones comunidades sensaciones Se aplican a los sustantivos las categoriacuteas de nuacutemero geacutenero y caso
Food guide pyramid
A Food guide pyramid is a quantitative nutrition guideline using a mnemonic graphic of a pyramid with hierarchical separated zones to represent suggested percentages of the daily
diet for different food groups Since 1992 the first well known pyramid by the USDA several other countries and organizations published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal
representation as well[1]
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 5
DETERMINANTES PREMODIFICADORES NUacuteCLEO POSMODIFICADORES
Ver tabla
(Adverbio +) Adjetivo
Sustantivo
Frase preposicional
Sustantivo
Claacuteusulas
Verboide (no infinitivos)
Verboide
Ejemplos
Como sujeto A food guide pyramid is helliphellip
Como objeto published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal representation
Como complementode una preposicion percentages of the daily diet
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 6
DETERMINANTES Y PRONOMBRES
DETERMINANTES (preceden al sustantivo)
PRONOMBRES = REFERENTES
CONTEXTUALES (reemplazan al sustantivo)
ARTIacuteCULOS
Definido the ----------------
Indefinido a an Indefinido one ones
DEMOSTRATIVOS This these that those
POSESIVOS My your his her its our your their
Mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
CUANTIFICADORES
All both half some any no every each either neither most more less least enough much many several few littleratherfairlyhardly
WH- What (ever) which (ever) who (ever) whose where
De relativo who whose whom which that
NUMERALES
Cardinales one two three
Ordinales first second next last other
GENITIVOS lsquos (Maryrsquos room is white) lsquos (Tomrsquos is blue)
Personales y reflexivos ver tabla
siguiente
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
REFLEXIVOS Sujeto Objeto
1ra persona
Singular I me myself
Plural we us ourselves
2da persona
Singular you you
yourself
Plural yourselves
3ra
persona
Singular
masc he him Himself
fem she her Herself
neutro it it Itself
Plural they them themselves
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 7
AFIJOS
PREFIJOS (marcan opuestos)
SUFIJOS (marcan la categoriacutea de la unidad
lexical)
SUSTANTIVOS
Dis (disproportion)
Under (underground)
De (deforestation) Mal (malformation)
A (amoral)
Pre (prerequisite) Post (postgraduate)
Er-or (driver-insulator-doctor) Ist (biologist) Ian (mathematici an)
Hood (neighbourhood) Ship (friendship) Ness (weakness)
Ance-ence(importance-confidence) Ment (investment-government) Tion (production)
Ity (productivity- necessity) Al (refusal-rehearsal) Age (storage)
Dom (freedom) Acy (democracy) Are (failure)
Ism (idealism) Th (depth-growth)
ADJETIVOS In (incomplete)
Im (impossible) Un (unnatural-unconscious) Ir (irregular)
Il (illegal) Dis (disobedient) Non (non-technical)
Ex (exterritorial) Over (overactive) Under (underestimated)
Able ndashible (reasonable)
Ory (compulsory) Al (natural) Ic (authentic)
Ive (creative) Ant-ent (important-confident) Ese (Chinese-Japanese)
Ian (Colombian-Australian) Ish (foolish) Y (creamy-hairy)
Ful (useful) Less (useless) Ed (distracted)
Er (comparativo longer) + Est (superlativo smallest) ++
VERBOS
Dis (to disappear)
De (to dehumidify) Mis ( to mispronounce) En (to enlarge-to enable)
Re (to rebuild-to review) Fore (to foretell) Over (to overheat-
overemphasize)
Ate (to activate-to confiscate)
Ify (to intensify-to simplify)
Ize (to specialize) En (to lenghten-to shorten)
ADVERBIOS
Los mismos prefijos de los adjetivos
Ly (quickly-friendly) Ward (upward-toward-backward)
Wise (clockwise-likewise)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 8
GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 3: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 3
CLASES DE CATEGORIAS GRAMATICALES
PALABRAS DE CONTENIDO Items de vocabulario Con la adicioacuten de un prefijo o sufijo cambian de categoriacutea
gramatical y significado Tienen significado propio Conforman un sistema abierto
Sustantivos
Adjetivos
Adverbios
Verbos
PALABRAS FUNCIONALES Establecen relaciones entre conceptos Dependen de otras palabras para su
significado Forman un sistema cerrado
Determinantes
Pronombres
Preposiciones
Conectores
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 4
iquestCoacutemo nos referimos a las personas y a las cosas
Dicho sencillamente usamos el lenguaje para hablar acerca de las personas y de
las cosas Hacemos esto uti lizando las palabras de diversos modos por ejemplo para hacer afirmaciones formular preguntas y dar oacuterdenes
Ademaacutes organizamos las palabras que elegimos en grupos o bloques de significado ya sea alrededor de un sustantivo o alrededor de un verbo Estos grupos son llamados grupos (o frases) nominales y grupos (o frases) verbales
Los grupos nominales nos dicen de queacute personas o cosas se estaacute hablando Los grupos verbales nos dicen que se estaacute diciendo de ellos por ejemplo que estaacuten
haciendo
GRUPO NOMINAL
Un grupo nominal normalmente comprende un sustantivo (o pronombre) que funcionan como nuacutecleo rodeado por otros elementos los cuales todos de alguna manera caracterizan ese sustantivo determinantes premodificadores y
postmodificadores El ingleacutes es un idioma muy nominalizado y por lo tanto el significado leacutexico en gran
medida se encuentra en los grupos nominales El grupo nominal es una secuencia linguumliacutestica que puede funcionar como sujeto objeto complemento del sujeto o complemento de una preposicioacuten
La definicioacuten de sustantivo maacutes conocida dice que eacuteste describe a una persona lugar o cosa Sin embargo utilizamos los sustantivos para expresar tambieacuten otros
significados tales como conceptos cualidades organizaciones comunidades sensaciones Se aplican a los sustantivos las categoriacuteas de nuacutemero geacutenero y caso
Food guide pyramid
A Food guide pyramid is a quantitative nutrition guideline using a mnemonic graphic of a pyramid with hierarchical separated zones to represent suggested percentages of the daily
diet for different food groups Since 1992 the first well known pyramid by the USDA several other countries and organizations published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal
representation as well[1]
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 5
DETERMINANTES PREMODIFICADORES NUacuteCLEO POSMODIFICADORES
Ver tabla
(Adverbio +) Adjetivo
Sustantivo
Frase preposicional
Sustantivo
Claacuteusulas
Verboide (no infinitivos)
Verboide
Ejemplos
Como sujeto A food guide pyramid is helliphellip
Como objeto published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal representation
Como complementode una preposicion percentages of the daily diet
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 6
DETERMINANTES Y PRONOMBRES
DETERMINANTES (preceden al sustantivo)
PRONOMBRES = REFERENTES
CONTEXTUALES (reemplazan al sustantivo)
ARTIacuteCULOS
Definido the ----------------
Indefinido a an Indefinido one ones
DEMOSTRATIVOS This these that those
POSESIVOS My your his her its our your their
Mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
CUANTIFICADORES
All both half some any no every each either neither most more less least enough much many several few littleratherfairlyhardly
WH- What (ever) which (ever) who (ever) whose where
De relativo who whose whom which that
NUMERALES
Cardinales one two three
Ordinales first second next last other
GENITIVOS lsquos (Maryrsquos room is white) lsquos (Tomrsquos is blue)
Personales y reflexivos ver tabla
siguiente
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
REFLEXIVOS Sujeto Objeto
1ra persona
Singular I me myself
Plural we us ourselves
2da persona
Singular you you
yourself
Plural yourselves
3ra
persona
Singular
masc he him Himself
fem she her Herself
neutro it it Itself
Plural they them themselves
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 7
AFIJOS
PREFIJOS (marcan opuestos)
SUFIJOS (marcan la categoriacutea de la unidad
lexical)
SUSTANTIVOS
Dis (disproportion)
Under (underground)
De (deforestation) Mal (malformation)
A (amoral)
Pre (prerequisite) Post (postgraduate)
Er-or (driver-insulator-doctor) Ist (biologist) Ian (mathematici an)
Hood (neighbourhood) Ship (friendship) Ness (weakness)
Ance-ence(importance-confidence) Ment (investment-government) Tion (production)
Ity (productivity- necessity) Al (refusal-rehearsal) Age (storage)
Dom (freedom) Acy (democracy) Are (failure)
Ism (idealism) Th (depth-growth)
ADJETIVOS In (incomplete)
Im (impossible) Un (unnatural-unconscious) Ir (irregular)
Il (illegal) Dis (disobedient) Non (non-technical)
Ex (exterritorial) Over (overactive) Under (underestimated)
Able ndashible (reasonable)
Ory (compulsory) Al (natural) Ic (authentic)
Ive (creative) Ant-ent (important-confident) Ese (Chinese-Japanese)
Ian (Colombian-Australian) Ish (foolish) Y (creamy-hairy)
Ful (useful) Less (useless) Ed (distracted)
Er (comparativo longer) + Est (superlativo smallest) ++
VERBOS
Dis (to disappear)
De (to dehumidify) Mis ( to mispronounce) En (to enlarge-to enable)
Re (to rebuild-to review) Fore (to foretell) Over (to overheat-
overemphasize)
Ate (to activate-to confiscate)
Ify (to intensify-to simplify)
Ize (to specialize) En (to lenghten-to shorten)
ADVERBIOS
Los mismos prefijos de los adjetivos
Ly (quickly-friendly) Ward (upward-toward-backward)
Wise (clockwise-likewise)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 8
GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 4: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 4
iquestCoacutemo nos referimos a las personas y a las cosas
Dicho sencillamente usamos el lenguaje para hablar acerca de las personas y de
las cosas Hacemos esto uti lizando las palabras de diversos modos por ejemplo para hacer afirmaciones formular preguntas y dar oacuterdenes
Ademaacutes organizamos las palabras que elegimos en grupos o bloques de significado ya sea alrededor de un sustantivo o alrededor de un verbo Estos grupos son llamados grupos (o frases) nominales y grupos (o frases) verbales
Los grupos nominales nos dicen de queacute personas o cosas se estaacute hablando Los grupos verbales nos dicen que se estaacute diciendo de ellos por ejemplo que estaacuten
haciendo
GRUPO NOMINAL
Un grupo nominal normalmente comprende un sustantivo (o pronombre) que funcionan como nuacutecleo rodeado por otros elementos los cuales todos de alguna manera caracterizan ese sustantivo determinantes premodificadores y
postmodificadores El ingleacutes es un idioma muy nominalizado y por lo tanto el significado leacutexico en gran
medida se encuentra en los grupos nominales El grupo nominal es una secuencia linguumliacutestica que puede funcionar como sujeto objeto complemento del sujeto o complemento de una preposicioacuten
La definicioacuten de sustantivo maacutes conocida dice que eacuteste describe a una persona lugar o cosa Sin embargo utilizamos los sustantivos para expresar tambieacuten otros
significados tales como conceptos cualidades organizaciones comunidades sensaciones Se aplican a los sustantivos las categoriacuteas de nuacutemero geacutenero y caso
Food guide pyramid
A Food guide pyramid is a quantitative nutrition guideline using a mnemonic graphic of a pyramid with hierarchical separated zones to represent suggested percentages of the daily
diet for different food groups Since 1992 the first well known pyramid by the USDA several other countries and organizations published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal
representation as well[1]
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 5
DETERMINANTES PREMODIFICADORES NUacuteCLEO POSMODIFICADORES
Ver tabla
(Adverbio +) Adjetivo
Sustantivo
Frase preposicional
Sustantivo
Claacuteusulas
Verboide (no infinitivos)
Verboide
Ejemplos
Como sujeto A food guide pyramid is helliphellip
Como objeto published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal representation
Como complementode una preposicion percentages of the daily diet
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 6
DETERMINANTES Y PRONOMBRES
DETERMINANTES (preceden al sustantivo)
PRONOMBRES = REFERENTES
CONTEXTUALES (reemplazan al sustantivo)
ARTIacuteCULOS
Definido the ----------------
Indefinido a an Indefinido one ones
DEMOSTRATIVOS This these that those
POSESIVOS My your his her its our your their
Mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
CUANTIFICADORES
All both half some any no every each either neither most more less least enough much many several few littleratherfairlyhardly
WH- What (ever) which (ever) who (ever) whose where
De relativo who whose whom which that
NUMERALES
Cardinales one two three
Ordinales first second next last other
GENITIVOS lsquos (Maryrsquos room is white) lsquos (Tomrsquos is blue)
Personales y reflexivos ver tabla
siguiente
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
REFLEXIVOS Sujeto Objeto
1ra persona
Singular I me myself
Plural we us ourselves
2da persona
Singular you you
yourself
Plural yourselves
3ra
persona
Singular
masc he him Himself
fem she her Herself
neutro it it Itself
Plural they them themselves
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 7
AFIJOS
PREFIJOS (marcan opuestos)
SUFIJOS (marcan la categoriacutea de la unidad
lexical)
SUSTANTIVOS
Dis (disproportion)
Under (underground)
De (deforestation) Mal (malformation)
A (amoral)
Pre (prerequisite) Post (postgraduate)
Er-or (driver-insulator-doctor) Ist (biologist) Ian (mathematici an)
Hood (neighbourhood) Ship (friendship) Ness (weakness)
Ance-ence(importance-confidence) Ment (investment-government) Tion (production)
Ity (productivity- necessity) Al (refusal-rehearsal) Age (storage)
Dom (freedom) Acy (democracy) Are (failure)
Ism (idealism) Th (depth-growth)
ADJETIVOS In (incomplete)
Im (impossible) Un (unnatural-unconscious) Ir (irregular)
Il (illegal) Dis (disobedient) Non (non-technical)
Ex (exterritorial) Over (overactive) Under (underestimated)
Able ndashible (reasonable)
Ory (compulsory) Al (natural) Ic (authentic)
Ive (creative) Ant-ent (important-confident) Ese (Chinese-Japanese)
Ian (Colombian-Australian) Ish (foolish) Y (creamy-hairy)
Ful (useful) Less (useless) Ed (distracted)
Er (comparativo longer) + Est (superlativo smallest) ++
VERBOS
Dis (to disappear)
De (to dehumidify) Mis ( to mispronounce) En (to enlarge-to enable)
Re (to rebuild-to review) Fore (to foretell) Over (to overheat-
overemphasize)
Ate (to activate-to confiscate)
Ify (to intensify-to simplify)
Ize (to specialize) En (to lenghten-to shorten)
ADVERBIOS
Los mismos prefijos de los adjetivos
Ly (quickly-friendly) Ward (upward-toward-backward)
Wise (clockwise-likewise)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 8
GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 5: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 5
DETERMINANTES PREMODIFICADORES NUacuteCLEO POSMODIFICADORES
Ver tabla
(Adverbio +) Adjetivo
Sustantivo
Frase preposicional
Sustantivo
Claacuteusulas
Verboide (no infinitivos)
Verboide
Ejemplos
Como sujeto A food guide pyramid is helliphellip
Como objeto published nutrition suggestions in pyramidal representation
Como complementode una preposicion percentages of the daily diet
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 6
DETERMINANTES Y PRONOMBRES
DETERMINANTES (preceden al sustantivo)
PRONOMBRES = REFERENTES
CONTEXTUALES (reemplazan al sustantivo)
ARTIacuteCULOS
Definido the ----------------
Indefinido a an Indefinido one ones
DEMOSTRATIVOS This these that those
POSESIVOS My your his her its our your their
Mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
CUANTIFICADORES
All both half some any no every each either neither most more less least enough much many several few littleratherfairlyhardly
WH- What (ever) which (ever) who (ever) whose where
De relativo who whose whom which that
NUMERALES
Cardinales one two three
Ordinales first second next last other
GENITIVOS lsquos (Maryrsquos room is white) lsquos (Tomrsquos is blue)
Personales y reflexivos ver tabla
siguiente
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
REFLEXIVOS Sujeto Objeto
1ra persona
Singular I me myself
Plural we us ourselves
2da persona
Singular you you
yourself
Plural yourselves
3ra
persona
Singular
masc he him Himself
fem she her Herself
neutro it it Itself
Plural they them themselves
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 7
AFIJOS
PREFIJOS (marcan opuestos)
SUFIJOS (marcan la categoriacutea de la unidad
lexical)
SUSTANTIVOS
Dis (disproportion)
Under (underground)
De (deforestation) Mal (malformation)
A (amoral)
Pre (prerequisite) Post (postgraduate)
Er-or (driver-insulator-doctor) Ist (biologist) Ian (mathematici an)
Hood (neighbourhood) Ship (friendship) Ness (weakness)
Ance-ence(importance-confidence) Ment (investment-government) Tion (production)
Ity (productivity- necessity) Al (refusal-rehearsal) Age (storage)
Dom (freedom) Acy (democracy) Are (failure)
Ism (idealism) Th (depth-growth)
ADJETIVOS In (incomplete)
Im (impossible) Un (unnatural-unconscious) Ir (irregular)
Il (illegal) Dis (disobedient) Non (non-technical)
Ex (exterritorial) Over (overactive) Under (underestimated)
Able ndashible (reasonable)
Ory (compulsory) Al (natural) Ic (authentic)
Ive (creative) Ant-ent (important-confident) Ese (Chinese-Japanese)
Ian (Colombian-Australian) Ish (foolish) Y (creamy-hairy)
Ful (useful) Less (useless) Ed (distracted)
Er (comparativo longer) + Est (superlativo smallest) ++
VERBOS
Dis (to disappear)
De (to dehumidify) Mis ( to mispronounce) En (to enlarge-to enable)
Re (to rebuild-to review) Fore (to foretell) Over (to overheat-
overemphasize)
Ate (to activate-to confiscate)
Ify (to intensify-to simplify)
Ize (to specialize) En (to lenghten-to shorten)
ADVERBIOS
Los mismos prefijos de los adjetivos
Ly (quickly-friendly) Ward (upward-toward-backward)
Wise (clockwise-likewise)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 8
GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 6: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 6
DETERMINANTES Y PRONOMBRES
DETERMINANTES (preceden al sustantivo)
PRONOMBRES = REFERENTES
CONTEXTUALES (reemplazan al sustantivo)
ARTIacuteCULOS
Definido the ----------------
Indefinido a an Indefinido one ones
DEMOSTRATIVOS This these that those
POSESIVOS My your his her its our your their
Mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
CUANTIFICADORES
All both half some any no every each either neither most more less least enough much many several few littleratherfairlyhardly
WH- What (ever) which (ever) who (ever) whose where
De relativo who whose whom which that
NUMERALES
Cardinales one two three
Ordinales first second next last other
GENITIVOS lsquos (Maryrsquos room is white) lsquos (Tomrsquos is blue)
Personales y reflexivos ver tabla
siguiente
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
REFLEXIVOS Sujeto Objeto
1ra persona
Singular I me myself
Plural we us ourselves
2da persona
Singular you you
yourself
Plural yourselves
3ra
persona
Singular
masc he him Himself
fem she her Herself
neutro it it Itself
Plural they them themselves
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 7
AFIJOS
PREFIJOS (marcan opuestos)
SUFIJOS (marcan la categoriacutea de la unidad
lexical)
SUSTANTIVOS
Dis (disproportion)
Under (underground)
De (deforestation) Mal (malformation)
A (amoral)
Pre (prerequisite) Post (postgraduate)
Er-or (driver-insulator-doctor) Ist (biologist) Ian (mathematici an)
Hood (neighbourhood) Ship (friendship) Ness (weakness)
Ance-ence(importance-confidence) Ment (investment-government) Tion (production)
Ity (productivity- necessity) Al (refusal-rehearsal) Age (storage)
Dom (freedom) Acy (democracy) Are (failure)
Ism (idealism) Th (depth-growth)
ADJETIVOS In (incomplete)
Im (impossible) Un (unnatural-unconscious) Ir (irregular)
Il (illegal) Dis (disobedient) Non (non-technical)
Ex (exterritorial) Over (overactive) Under (underestimated)
Able ndashible (reasonable)
Ory (compulsory) Al (natural) Ic (authentic)
Ive (creative) Ant-ent (important-confident) Ese (Chinese-Japanese)
Ian (Colombian-Australian) Ish (foolish) Y (creamy-hairy)
Ful (useful) Less (useless) Ed (distracted)
Er (comparativo longer) + Est (superlativo smallest) ++
VERBOS
Dis (to disappear)
De (to dehumidify) Mis ( to mispronounce) En (to enlarge-to enable)
Re (to rebuild-to review) Fore (to foretell) Over (to overheat-
overemphasize)
Ate (to activate-to confiscate)
Ify (to intensify-to simplify)
Ize (to specialize) En (to lenghten-to shorten)
ADVERBIOS
Los mismos prefijos de los adjetivos
Ly (quickly-friendly) Ward (upward-toward-backward)
Wise (clockwise-likewise)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 8
GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 7: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 7
AFIJOS
PREFIJOS (marcan opuestos)
SUFIJOS (marcan la categoriacutea de la unidad
lexical)
SUSTANTIVOS
Dis (disproportion)
Under (underground)
De (deforestation) Mal (malformation)
A (amoral)
Pre (prerequisite) Post (postgraduate)
Er-or (driver-insulator-doctor) Ist (biologist) Ian (mathematici an)
Hood (neighbourhood) Ship (friendship) Ness (weakness)
Ance-ence(importance-confidence) Ment (investment-government) Tion (production)
Ity (productivity- necessity) Al (refusal-rehearsal) Age (storage)
Dom (freedom) Acy (democracy) Are (failure)
Ism (idealism) Th (depth-growth)
ADJETIVOS In (incomplete)
Im (impossible) Un (unnatural-unconscious) Ir (irregular)
Il (illegal) Dis (disobedient) Non (non-technical)
Ex (exterritorial) Over (overactive) Under (underestimated)
Able ndashible (reasonable)
Ory (compulsory) Al (natural) Ic (authentic)
Ive (creative) Ant-ent (important-confident) Ese (Chinese-Japanese)
Ian (Colombian-Australian) Ish (foolish) Y (creamy-hairy)
Ful (useful) Less (useless) Ed (distracted)
Er (comparativo longer) + Est (superlativo smallest) ++
VERBOS
Dis (to disappear)
De (to dehumidify) Mis ( to mispronounce) En (to enlarge-to enable)
Re (to rebuild-to review) Fore (to foretell) Over (to overheat-
overemphasize)
Ate (to activate-to confiscate)
Ify (to intensify-to simplify)
Ize (to specialize) En (to lenghten-to shorten)
ADVERBIOS
Los mismos prefijos de los adjetivos
Ly (quickly-friendly) Ward (upward-toward-backward)
Wise (clockwise-likewise)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 8
GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 8: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 8
GRUPO VERBAL
Bioethics
The next technological revolution will probably be in the field of genetic
research and engineering Cloning the name popularly given to these technologies is often associated with
science fiction horror stories because it suggests the creation of identical
people In reality it is impossible to create two identical people Personality character and behaviour are not
determined only by genetic factors The real aims of cloning technology are to help in the development of tissue for
transplantation in genetic diagnosis and in biological research But cloning
technology raises some very difficult bioethical questions
El grupo verbal estaacute formado por un verbo principal o un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares que combina con un sujeto para decir lo que alguien o
algo hace o lo que les sucede Aunque generalmente los verbos se identifican primariamente con una accioacuten tambieacuten pueden expresar existencia condiciones y
procesos y relaciones Normalmente debe haber al menos un verbo en cada oracioacuten
Ejemplos de grupos verbales
formado por un verbo principal raises formado por un verbo principal precedido por uno o maacutes auxiliares will be
is associated are not determined
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 9: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 9
Clases de verbos
Verbos principales
no necesitan estar acompantildeados por otros verbos expresan el sentido principal del grupo verbal
Verbos auxiliares Se utilizan para
formar los tiempos verbales formular preguntas y negar
dar eacutenfasis evitar repetir una frase completa (substitucioacuten) hacer una evaluacioacuten juicio o interpretacioacuten acerca de los que estamos
diciendo o escribiendo o para expresar nuestra actitud hacia ello
Verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARES PRIMARIOS
to be am is are was were been being
to do
do does did done doing
to have
have has had had having
MODALES Poder Deber Futuro Condicioacuten
can =to be able must=have to will would
could
(pudopodriacutea)
should(deberiacutea)
may = puede
por posibilidad o permiso)
ought to
(debiera moralmente)
might (podriacutea)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 10: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 10
Grupos verbales personales y no personales
A su vez los grupos verbales pueden ser
Personales denotan tiempo nuacutemero y persona concuerdan con el sujeto
(EjThe real aims of cloning technology are)
No personales infinitivo participio y gerundio ( eg the name popularly
given to these technologies)
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Al comunicarnos generalmente necesitamos indicar si nos estamos refiriendo a una situacioacuten que existe ahora que existioacute en el pasado o que puede existir
en el futuro El punto en el tiempo al cual se relaciona nuestro mensaje se indica generalmente en parte mediante el grupo verbal Se denomina tiempo al grupo de formas verbales que indican un punto en el
tiempo en particular o un periacuteodo de tiempo en el pasado presente o futuro El grupo de formas que pertenecen a un determinado tiempo generalmente se
obtienen agregando inflexiones a la forma del verbo tal como aparece en el diccionario o mediante la inclusioacuten de auxiliares o modales en el grupo verbal Resumiendo los verbos tienen varias formas Estas formas pueden ser
utilizadas solas o combinadas con verbos especiales llamados auxiliares Los grupos verbales pueden ser personales o no personales Si un grupo
verbal es personal entonces tiene tiempo
Interview script Recent Changes in Tourism Patterns
Lisa Brown Hello listeners Welcome to you all Today in our weekly programme lsquoFocus on Factrsquo we are going to look at the huge changes in tourism in Western Europe in recent years I have with me Gerry Gordon the local director of the International Tourist Board Hello Gerry Gerry Gordon Hello Lisa Good morning listeners LB Well the main reason for this interview today is that it is the beginning of the holiday season in this part of the world How has tourism changed recently and what are the causes GG Money mobility and air transport ndash these are the main factors that have caused the changes LB OK letrsquos start with money How has it influenced our holiday choices GG The main thing is that people in Western Europe generally now earn better wages than in the past Many workers get paid holidays too These are the reasons we can spend more to go on holiday LB And another thing you mentioned is mobility Does this just mean we have more cars
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 11: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 11
GG Yes thatrsquos one thing Just think in 1951 only 5 per cent of British families had a car By 2000 this had increased to almost 75 per cent And we mustnrsquot forget about the families with two cars or even more LB So we can move about more easily canrsquot we GG Yes but greater mobility doesnrsquot only mean we have more cars There are also better transport systems This means we can travel further and itrsquos much easier to get to popular tourist destinations For example better roads and motorways make it much easier to travel long distances by car LB How about other means of transport How have they changed our holidays GG OK take air transport reduced fares more flights easier booking systems larger and better airports hellip LB Yes but airports are still crowded arenrsquot they especially during the peak season Itrsquos often a nightmare you know with queues delays cancellations hellip GG Yes of course there are two sides to every coin hellip
This page has been downloaded from wwwonestopclilcom
Written by Aleksandra Zaparucha copy Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008
VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA
Los grupos verbales pueden estar en voz activa o pasiva Voz activa grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o la cosa que realiza
o es responsable de la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto del verbo es generalmente el agente el ldquohacedorrdquo
Voz pasiva grupos verbales donde el sujeto es la persona o cosa que es afectada por la accioacuten Es decir el sujeto es el destinatario de la accioacuten no el
agente
Forma be + participio pasado
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 12: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 12
Grupos Verbales Personales
Voz activa Vos pasiva
Presente simple
Presente continuo
Presente perfecto simple
Presente perfecto continuo
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto simple
Pasado perfecto continuo
Futuro Simple
Futuro going to
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto simple
Futuro perfecto
continuo
work(s)
amisare working
hashave worked
hashave been working
worked
waswere eating
had worked
had been working
will work
amisare going to work
will be working will have worked
will have been working
amisare made
amisare being made
hashave been made
waswere made
waswere being made
had been made
will be made
amisare going to be made
will have been made
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 13: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 13
VERBOS NO PERSONALES
Los grupos verbales no personales no concuerdan con un sujeto para formar una
oracioacuten No hay concordancia de nuacutemero y persona entre el verbo y el sujeto
VERBOS NO CONJUGADOS EXAMPLES
TO -INFINITIVE The child tries to communicate some information to his parents To communicate information to his parents the child moves his
hands ( Para de a + infinitivo) To communicate information to his parents means that the child
feels comfortable ( infinitivo)
-ING Communicating information to his parents means that the child (comunicar la comunicacioacuten) The child communicating information to his parents tries to
(que comunica) By communicating information to his parents the child tries to
(comunicando)
-ED (ADO-IDO)
Pre modificador The communicated information was used to
Post modificador The information communicated to the child was usedhellip
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 14: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 14
PREPOSICIONES
SIMPLES
About acerca de above por encima after detraacutes against contra among entre around alrededor at a back atraacutes before antes behind atraacutes below por debajo beneath beside al lado between entre by al lado down hacia abajo during durante except excepto for para - por from de-desde in en inside dentro de into adentro de like como near cerca of de off fuera de on sobre opposite opuesto a out afuera outside afuera over por encima past pasado round alrededor since desde till hasta through a traveacutes de to a-hacia towards hacia under debajo underneath por debajo until hasta up arriba with con within dentro de without sin
COMPUESTAS
According to de acuerdo a
along with junto a as for como para away from fuera de because of a causa de due to debido a except for a excepcioacuten de out of fuera de owing to debido a up to hasta by means of por medio de in comparison with en comparac in front of frente a in relation to en relacioacuten a
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 15: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 15
CONECTORES
CONECTORES
de EJEMPLO de SUMA de CAUSA de
EFECTO
de
CONTRASTE
for example and because (of) as a result but
for instance in addition since consequently while
eg (example given)
furthermore due to for this reason
whereas
ie (id est that
is)
moreover owing to therefore otherwise
such as besides as hence however
bothand unless thus nevertheless
not onlybut
also
if so that yet
on the oneother
hand
whetheror lead to although though
as well as in order to in spite of
instead
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far
![Page 16: Grammar Guide 2014](https://reader037.vdocumento.com/reader037/viewer/2022100419/577ccf181a28ab9e788ede7c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Clases Praacutecticas - Capacitacioacuten de idioma Ingleacutes I
Paacutegina 16
PREGUNTAS
Comienzan con
WH-
WHO
WHAT WHERE
WHEN
WHY
WHOSE
WHOM HOW
HOW much
many often long
far