spanish 1 grammar concepts 2014-2015 glynn academy señora fendig
TRANSCRIPT
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Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015
Glynn AcademySeñora Fendig
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Saludos (Greetings) Despedidas(Farewells)
SALUDOS:
• Hola. Hello.• Buenos días. Good morning.• Buenas tardes. Good afternoon. • Buenas noches. Good evening• ¿Qué pasa? What’s happening?• ¿Qué tal? How’s it going?
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DESPEDIDAS (Farewells)
DESPEDIDAS: • Hasta luego. See you later. • Hasta mañana. See you tomorrow.• Nos vemos. We’ll see each other
soon. • Adiós. Good-bye. • Chao. ‘Bye.
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Kisses on the cheek and hand-shaking
• Did you know? In Spanish-speaking cultures, it is not unusual for females of all ages to lean their faces in a give a slight cheek to cheek kiss, sometimes on one side, and sometimes on both sides of the face.
• Did you know? In casual settings, males in Spanish-speaking cultures will shake hands upon meeting or seeing each other. But males will give a slight cheek to cheek kiss to a female, in a casual setting. (In an office or formal setting, it would be a hand shake.)
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“Familiar” vs. “Formal” Greetings
To a friend or family member The following greetings would be considered INFORMAL: • ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)• ¿Qué tal? (How’s it going?)
• Heads up hint: The “as” ending on the end of “estás” would indicate that the subject of the question is “tú.” “Tú” is used with a friend to mean “you.”
To an adult (non-family) or a stranger:
• The following greeting would be considered FORMAL:
• ¿Cómo está usted? (How are you?)
• Heads up hint: The “usted” at the end of the question would indicate that the subject of the question is “formal you,” (usted), “Usted” is used with an adult to mean “you.”
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Subject Pronouns
• Yo I• Tú you (familiar or “informal” – to a
child/friend/family/pet)• Él He• Ella She• Usted you (formal – to an adult/stranger)• Nosotros we• Ellos they• Ustedes you plural (or “y’all,” which some of us say if
we are from the southern United States) ☺
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“Ud.” and “Uds.”
Heads up hint:The Spanish word “usted”
(formal you) can be abbreviated “ud.”
The Spanish word “ustedes (you plural) can be abbreviated “uds.”
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“Ser o No Ser” That is the question!(To Be or Not to Be) ☺
In Spanish, the verb “TO BE (am, is, are)” is:
SERyo soy I amtú eres you are
él, ella, usted es he is/she is/you arenosotros somos we areEllos/ustedes son they/you plural are
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The verb “ser” to ask and tell where you are from:
• Heads up hint: “de dónde” means “from where”
• ¿De dónde eres (tú)? (Where are you from?)– Soy de Estados Unidos. (I am from the U.S.)
• ¿De dónde son ustedes? (Where are you plural/y’all from?)
– Somos de Georgia. (We are from Georgia.)
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Teacher and Student Classroom Expressions
Español
• Abre tu libro. →• Escribe tu nombre. →• Levanta la mano. →• Repitan. →• Saca un lápiz/papel… →• Saca tu tarea. →• Mira la pizarra. →• ¿Cómo se dice…? →• Más despacio por favor. →• ¿Qué quiere decir…? →
Inglés
• Open your book.• Write your name.• Raise your hand.• Repeat. • Take out a pencil/paper. • Take out your homework.• Look at the board. • How do you say…?• Slower please. • What does … mean?
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Present Tense Verb Endings
“ar” verbsSUBJECT VERB ENDING
yo otú asél, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. a
nosotros, “someone y yo” amosellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. an
“er” and “ir” verbsSUBJECT VERB ENDING
yo otú esél, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. e
nosotros, “someone y yo”
emos / imos
ellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. en
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VerbsList #1 List #2
Estar → To be Ir → To go
Hacer → To do/make Pintar → To paint
Tener → To have Tener que → To have to…
Ser → To be Escribir → To write
Estudiar → To study Escuchar → To listen
Hablar → To speak/talk Leer → To read
Gustar → To like Vivir → To live
Bailar → To dance Cantar → To sing
Comer → To eat Correr → To run
List #3 List #4
Nadar → To swim Patinar → To skate
Trabajar → To work Llevar → To wear/carry
Llegar → To arrive Enseñar → To teach
Mirar → to watch, to look at
Preparar → To prepare
Sacar una buena nota
To get a good grade
Ayudar → To help
Buscar → To look for, to search
Contestar → To answer
Entrar → To enter Esperar → To hope/ to wait for
Necesitar → To need Pasar → To happen, to pass
Pasar un rato con amigos
To spend time with friends
Usar → To use
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More VerbsList #5 List #6Comprar→ To buy Descansar To rest
Terminar→ To finish Tomar To take, to eat/ drink
Visitar → To visit Andar en bicicleta
To ride a bike
Caminar → (con el perro)
To walk, or walk the dog
Pasear To walk/ to stroll
Cenar → To eat dinner
Cuidar (a) To take care of
Hacer ejercicio→
To exercise Pintar To paint
Tocar → To play (an instrument)
Ver To see
Abrir → To open Aprender To learn
Comprender To understand Compartir To share
L:ist #7 List #8Recibir Receive
Vender → to sell
Alquilar → To rent Ir al cine To go to the movies
Ir de compras
To go shopping
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Stem-changing verbsIn Spanish, some verbs are stem-changing. In
Spanish 1, you are only required to know these 15:
(ie) (i) (ue)
Preferir (to prefer) Repetir ( to repeat) Almorzar ( to eat lunch)
Venir (to come) Servir ( to serve) Dormir (to slep)
Querer (to want) Costar (to cost)
Merendar (to snack) Poder (can/ to be able)
Cerrar (to close)
Empezar ( to start/begin)
Entender (to understand)
Pensar (to think/plan)
Perder (to lose)
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How to conjugate Stem-Changing Verbs
PENSAR e→ie
(to think)
piensopiensaspiensa
pensamospiensan
↑Note that
the ENDINGS above are the same as what you’ve already learned!
SERVIR e→i
(to serve)
sirvosirvessirve
servimossirven
DORMIRo→ue
(to sleep)
duermoduermesduerme
dormimosduermen
JUGARu→ue
(to play)
juegojuegasjuega
jugamosJuegan
Heads up hint: If the subject of these verbs is “nosotros (we),” there is NO stem-change. Example: Pensamos, •NOT piensamos.
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The verb “jugar” ( to play)
Jugar (ue) – to playYo juegoTú juegas
Él/ella/usted juegaNosotros jugamos
Ellos/ustedes juegan
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Special Expressions with “tener”Remember the conjugation of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen
• Tener sed• Tener hambre• Tener miedo• Tener frío• Tener calor• Tener …años• Tener suerte• Tener cuidado• Tener prisa• Tener razón
• To be thirsty• To be hungry• To be scared• To be cold• To be hot• To be… years old• To be lucky• To be careful• To be in a hurry• To be right
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The verb “gustar”Me gusta → I like
example: Me gusta el chocolate. (I like chocolate.)
Te gusta → You like example: ¿Te gusta aprender español? (Do you like
learning Spanish?)
Le gusta → He/she/you (formal) like example : A la señora Fendig le gusta enseñar. (Mrs.
Fendig likes to teach.)
Nos gusta → we like example: No nos gusta bailar. (We like to dance.)
Les gusta → They/you plural like example: A las chicas les gusta ir de compras.
(The girls like to go shopping.)
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Irregular verbsHeads up hint: “Irregular” means that these verbs don’t like to stick to the regular verb endings, or they might have a weird spelling in one of
the forms, or other odd things. (Bummer)
hacer
(to make/ to do)
↓
estar
(to be)
Use forms of “estar” to tell location and feelings ↓
ser
(to be)Use forms of “ser” to tell descriptions, occupations, telling time, etc. ↓
ver
(to see)
↓
ir
(to go)
↓
hagohaceshacehacemoshacen
estoyestásestáestamosestán
conozcoconocesconoceconocemosconocen
veovesvevemosven
voyvasvavamosvan
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The verb “gustar” slide #2
• Heads up hint: The verb gustar only has two forms: “gusta” and “gustan”
• Use “gusta” if you are stating that you like ONE thing. Example: Me gusta la clase. (I like the class.)
• Use “gustan” if you are stating that you like MORE THAN ONE thing. Example: Me gustan las clases.
• This year (2014-2015), I only taught you to use “gusta,” not “gustan.”
• Always put “me, te, le, nos, or les” in front of any form of “gustar.” (see previous slide.)
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Days, Months, Seasons, DatesHeads up hint: Don’t capitalize months, seasons, or days of the week, unless they are the
first word of a sentence. lunes Monday
martesTuesday
miércolesWednesday
juevesThursday
viernesFriday
sábadoSaturday
domingoSunday
enero Jan.
FebreroFeb.
MarzoMar.
AbrilApr.
MayoMay
JunioJune
JulioJuly
AgostoAug.
SeptiembreSep.
OctubreOct.
NoviembreNov.
DiciembreDec.
Vocabulary:
el mes = monthel día = day
la semana = weekel calendario = calendar
las estaciones →
la primaveraSpring
el veranoSummer
elotoñoFall
elinviernoWinter
¿Qué día es? ↓
¿Cuál es la fecha? ↓
¿Cuántos meses hay? ↓
¿Cuántas estaciones hay? ↓
What day is it? ↓
What’s the date? ↓
How many months are there? ↓
How many seasons are there? ↓
Es lunes. Es el 19 de diciembre.
Hay doce. Hay cuatro.
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Adjectives
• Adjectives (descriptive words like big, tall, red, etc.) usually go AFTER the noun they describe.
example: Tengo una casa blanca. → I have a red house.
• Adjective endings “agree” in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural)
examples: the red coat → el abrigo rojo the red scarves → las bufandas rojas
• Adjectives that end in “e” don’t change to o/a examples: la maestra paciente, el abuelo paciente
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Definite Articles (“the”) Indefinite Articles (“a/an/some”)
• “the” = el/la/los/las• “a/an” = un or una• “some” = unos/unas– Examples: the boy-el chico , the boys-los chicos
a girl –una chica, some girls-unas chicas the interesting scarf – la bufanda interesante
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Possessive Adjectives
• my• your (familiar)• his/her/their/your (formal)• our
Heads up hint: Notice that the familiar “your” is tu, not tú with an accent. (Tú with an accent means “You.”)
• mi libro, mis libros• tu libro, tus libros• su libro, sus libros nuestro libro
nuestra familianuestros librosnuestras hermanas
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Telling Time• ¿Qué hora es? = What time is it?
– For minutes :01 - :30, use “y” + the minutes Ex: 11:20 = Son las once y veinte.– For minutes :31-:59, use “menos” from the next hour that it’s about to be.
Ex: 2:50= Son las tres menos diez. Literally, “It’s three o’clock minus ten minutes.”
• Es la una. It is 1:00.• Son las dos,tres,cuatro… It is 2:00, 3:00, 4:00…• Es la una y cinco. It is 1:05.• Son las tres menos cinco. It is 2:55.
Heads up hint: If you see the word “menos” in a time expression, think, “Hmmm…it’s ALMOST the hour expressed here.” Example: Son las dos menos cinco. Think “Hmmm… it’s ALMOST 2:00, so it must be five til two (1:55.)
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The personal “a”Note: I did not teach this concept so don’t study this
slide.
• Use the personal “a” when a PERSON is the direct object of a sentence.– Example: Yo veo a Madison. (I see Madison: The
direct object (Madison) is a person, so the personal “a” is used. )
But: Yo veo el tren. (I see the train: The direct object (train) is not a person, so there is no need to write the personal “a.”)
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Saying what is “going to happen”
• Use the formula “ir + a + infinitive”– Remember the forms of “ir”: voy,vas,va,vamos,van
• Examples: – Nosotros vamos a dormir. We are going to sleep.– Ex: Voy a venir a tu fiesta. I am going to come to your
party.– Ex: ¿Cuándo vas a buscar el gorro? When are you going to
look for the hat?
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Saying what someone “has to do”Remember the forms of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen
• Use the formula “tener + que + infinitive”– ¿Por qué tienes que estudiar para el examen final?– Tengo que estudiar para el examen final porque
tengo que sacar una buena nota.– Los maestros tienen que preparar los examenes.
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Adverbs
• Before the verb:– Siempre (always)– Nunca (never) Ex: Nunca voy. I never go.– Rara vez (rarely)
• After the verb:– Mucho Ex: Voy mucho. I go a lot.– Poco
• Before or after the verb:– De vez en cuando (Every once in a while)– Todos los días (every day) Ex: A veces voy (or)– A veces (Sometimes) Voy a veces.
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The weather
• ¿Qué tiempo hace?• Hace frío.• Hace viento.• Hace calor.• Hace sol.• Hace buen tiempo.• Hace mal tiempo.• Hace fresco.• Está nublado.• Está lloviendo. Llueve…• Está nevando. Nieva…
• What’s the weather?• It’s cold.• It’s windy.• It’s hot.• It’s sunny.• It’s good weather.• It’s bad weather.• It’s cool. • It’s cloudy.• It’s rainy. It rains….• It’s snowing. It snows…
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Questions and Answers• ¿Cómo estás?• ¿Cómo te llamas?• ¿Quién es?• ¿Cuál es la fecha?• ¿Qué día es?• ¿Adónde vas?• ¿Dónde está ella?• ¿Por qué estudias?• ¿Qué hora es?• ¿Cuánto cuesta…?
• Estoy (bien/alegre…)• Me llamo Jake.• Es la maestra.• Es el diez de diciembre.• Es martes.• Voy al supermercado.• Está en la casa.• Porque me gusta.• Es la una y cinco.• Cuesta diez dólares.
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More Questions and Answers• ¿Qué tiempo hace?• ¿Cuántos años tienes
tú?• ¿Qué te gusta hacer?• ¿Qué haces?• ¿Con qué frecuencia
(corres/haces ejercicio)?• ¿Cómo eres tú?• ¿Cómo es tu familia?• ¿Cuándo es la fiesta?
• Hace fresco.• Tengo quince/ dieciséis
años.• Me gusta leer.• Yo tomo el examen.• Yo corro de vez en
cuando. • Soy inteligente.• Mi familia es grande.• Es mañana./ Es el dos
de abril./ Es a las ocho.
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El Vocabulario
• Clip out and study workbook pages 159-165 for all the vocabulary lists through Unit 3
• Themes we covered: greetings, colors, numbers, days, months, seasons, family, likes and dislikes, people (mujer,hombre…), places, food, personality and appearance adjectives, clothing, school, computer terms, time expressions, question words, feelings, weather
• Click this link to see, hear, and practice our textbook vocabulary! http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078774004/student_view0/capitulo1/vocabulary_practice/index.html
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The Spanish-speaking countries (of Central and South America)
• Know which ones they are and where they are.
• Click this link to practice: http://www.purposegames.com/game/spanish-speaking-countries-quiz
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Culture
• Spain: the euro, Madrid, shares Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, located in Europe, Pyrenees Mountains, Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, proximity to Africa
• Puerto Rico: a territory of U.S. , San Juan is capital, President is Barack Obama
• Quinceañera: young woman’s 15th birthday celebration, how it is celebrated
• México: Día de los Muertos, Cinco de Mayo• Latino values of family, faith, and hard work.