el mundo de los libros como elemento cinematográfico

8/12/2019 El mundo de los libros como elemento cinematográfico

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-mundo-de-los-libros-como-elemento-cinematografico 1/204



@I HPGKJ K@ IJV IMCSJVFJHJ @I@H@G[J

FMG@HD[JLSDNMFJ

Ojrl` Fdmf`kj Vdgtdfruz



Dutjr`s @kmtjr`s.fjh - 3546© Ojrl` Fdmf`kj Vdgtdfruz (45-6;6-;<1 k` 3543)

MVCG? @kmfmög mhpr`sd ‖ =<1-=01-;>-31<3-0@-Cjjb ‖ =<1-=01-;>-31<6-3

Mhdl`g k` fdrätuid?attp?//ta`fuitur``gtausmdst.cijlspjt.fjh/3543Z50Z54Zdrfamv`.athi

http://thecultureenthusiast.blogspot.com/2012_05_01_archive.html

http://thecultureenthusiast.blogspot.com/2012_05_01_archive.html



US@V@G[DFMJG <IJV IMCSJV @G @I FMG@ 46IDV IMCS@SMDV @G @I FMG@ 0=IDV CMCIMJ[@FDV @G @I FMG@ <6IJV CMCIMJ[@FDSMJV @G @I FMG@ 464

ID [@I@^MVMJG 40=IJV DSFAM^JV @G @I FMG@ 4<0CMCIMJLSDNMD 41=NMIHJLSDNMD 4=6



<

US@V@G[DFMJG

Id pr`s`gt` r`ni`xmög `s ugd dftudimzdfmög kì drtèfuij pucimfdkjpjr v`z prmh`rd cdoj ì tètuij k` "I`trds `g fmgtd" `g DID (S`vmstdk` id Dsjfmdfmög Idtmgjdh`rmfdgd k` Drfamvjs)? Cjljtä. DrfamvjL`g`rdi k` id Gdfmög. Gj. 4>, `g`rj-ougmj k` 4==0, päl. ;0-;= ypjst`rmjrh`gt` `g dilugds r`vmstds p`rt`g`fm`gt`s d mgstmtufmjg`sk` `kufdfmög sup`rmjr.

Dgmhdkj pjr id sul`r`gfmd k` ug qu`rmkj dhmlj, k`fmkè r`tjhdr ìfdsm p`rkmkj kjfuh`gtj pdrd prjnugkmzdr y `xt`gk`r ijs pugtjstrdtdkjs `g íi, fuyj mgt`rís y gdfmhm`gtj s` km`rjg kurdgt` hmp`rhdg`gfmd fjhj Cmcimjt`föijlj `g id Nugkdfmög UdtrmhjgmjNèihmfj Fjijhcmdgj.

Nu` lrdgk` hm sjrpr`sd fudgkj, di cusfdr gu`vd mgnjrhdfmög qu`h` p`rhmtm`rd ug hòjr k`sdrrjiij kì t`hd, `gfjgtrí hm dgtmlujdrtèfuij ‐nusmidkj„ y sjh`rdh`gt` hjkmnmfdkj pjr ug k`sfjgjfmkjqu` gj tuvj ì h`gjr r`pdrj pdrd pucimfdrij, fjg su gjhcr` ykmn`r`gt` tètuij, `g Mgt`rg`t. K` hdg`rd qu` id mk`d k` hm dhmljjctuvj, smg adc`rijs cusfdkj, id nu`rzd y ijs hjtmvjs sunmfm`gt`spdrd sdimr kì jivmkj y hjstrdr su rjstrj d id iuz, jodiä pdrd s`ri`èkd y utmimzdkd pjr hufajs.

Dsè qu` trdtdr`hjs `xfiusmvdh`gt` k` fmg`, gj jcstdgt` ug pdr k`s`rm`s y ugd pìèfuid pdrd tì`vmsmög, qu` pjr su smgluidrmkdk



1

h`r`f`g ugd fjgsmk`rdfmög `sp`fmdi. V` trdtd k` "Cunnm, id

fdzdvdhpmrjs‘ y id trmijlèd k` ’ @i cmcimjt`fdrmj‘, dk`häs k` id

pìèfuid ’Vdid k` i`fturd‘, `g ids fudi`s s` rjhp` id tmpmnmfdfmögjsfurdgtmstd kì prjn`smjgdi cmcimjt`fdrmj, pdrd pr`s`gtdrij fjhjug s`r gjrhdi, fjg vdijr`s, vmrtuk`s y dtrmcutjs di mludi qu` ijsk`häs hjrtdi`s, dilugds v`f`s fjhj ug aírj`. @sd `s id rdzögpjr id qu` ldgdrjg su k`r`faj d s`r mgfiumkds `g `st` trdcdoj.

U`rj dgt`s k` dk`gtrdrgjs `g ì t`hd, tdi v`z s`d fjgv`gm`gt`dfidrdr ì smlgmnmfdkj kì tírhmgj ‐Cmcimjt`fdrmj(d)„, tjhdkj k`

hdg`rd tdg sum l`g`rms `g ug huy ditj pjrf`gtdo` k` ids v`f`squ` s` h`gfmjgd.

Fjgjf`hjs fjhj cmcimjt`föijlj `g Fjijhcmd, j cmcimjt`fögjhj`g @spdôd y Híxmfj, di prjn`smjgdi lrdkudkj y tmtuidkj `g ugdugmv`rsmkdk dprjcdkd pjr ì @stdkj y ndfuitdkd pdrd jtjrldr ìr`sp`ftmvj tètuij `g Cmcimjt`fjijlèd, Cmcimjt`fjgjhèd j `g Fm`gfmdsk` id Mgnjrhdfmög, k` dfu`rkj fjg id i`lmsidfmög `kufdtmvd k`fdkd pdès.

Kdkj qu` sjg f`gt`gdr`s ids pìèfuids qu` prjvm`g`g k` pdès`sk` adcid mgli`sd, id trdkuffmög ‐cmcimjt`fdrmj„, kì mgliís ‐imcrdrmdg„,s` dpimfd pjr r`lid l`g`rdi d tjkds ids p`rsjgds qu` trdcdodg `gid cmcimjt`fd, ‐Imcrdry„, smg `stdci`f`r kmn`r`gfmds k` fdrljs jnugfmjg`s. @g Fjijhcmd, smg `hcdrlj, s` kmstmglu` diCmcimjt`föijlj, prjn`smjgdi fjg id pr`pdrdfmög dfdkíhmfdp`rtmg`gt`, qu` `s qum`g jfupd ijs fdrljs kmr`ftmvjs y k` o`ndturd`g ids kmn`r`gt`s är`ds tífgmfds, kì duxmimdr, gj prjn`smjgdi. @ssmhpi`? mludi suf`k` fudgkj s` adf` amgfdpmí `g id kmn`r`gfmd qu``xmst` `gtr` híkmfj y t`lud, dcjldkj y tmgt`rmiij, drqu`öijlj yludqu`rj.

Udrd fjh`gzdr, r`fjrk`hjs qu` ids hòjr`s pìèfuids `g idamstjrmd kì fmg` s` r`dimzdrjg fjg cds` `g amstjrmds gdrrdkds `gimcrjs. U`rj daè gj t`rhmgd su pdpì. @sds r`pr`s`gtdfmjg`smgfiuy`g id dpdrmfmög `g `sf`gd, pjr fjrtd qu` s`d, k` kmv`rsjs

h`kmjs rìdfmjgdkjs kmr`ftdh`gt` fjg ì hugkj k` ijs imcrjs.



=

[`gm`gkj `g fu`gtd sus fdrdft`rèstmfds `s`gfmdih`gt` vmsudi`s, ìfmg` utmimzd kmn`r`gt`s ì`h`gtjs qu` p`rhmt`g trdgshmtmr h`gsdo`s

j s`gsdfmjg`s pr`k`t`rhmgdkds y fjg nr`fu`gfmd r`furr` d ijsimcrjs, imcr`rèds, cmcimjt`fds y drfamvjs, d pdrtmr k` ijs fudi`s s`k`s`gfdk`gdg smtudfmjg`s kmv`rsds, qu` jfurr`g `g kmfajs`spdfmjs j qu` lmrdg dir`k`kjr k` ijs hmshjs, j k` ids p`rsjgdsqu` pjr huy kmn`r`gt`s rdzjg`s s` mgvjiufrdg `g ìijs? `kmtjr`s jmhpr`sjr`s, imcr`rjs, i`ftjr`s y `sfrmtjr`s, cmcimönmijs, cmcimöhdgjs,cmcimjt`fdrmjs y drfamvmstds, j fudi`squm`rd ì`h`gtjs mgvjiufrdkjs`g ì hugkj k` ids i`trds mhpr`sds. Mgkmsfutmci`h`gt`, idscmcimjt`fds y ijs imcrjs, su hdt`rmd prmhd, sm`hpr` adg `stdkjpr`s`gt`s `g ì fmg`.

V`lÿg Kdrèj K'Di`ssdgkrj4, `g fjgn`r`gfmd kmftdkd `g 3556 `g idCmcimjt`fd Iums Äglì Drdglj, `g Cjljtä, `g ì fmg`, ì h`kmj k`fjhugmfdfmög fjg hdyjr mhpdftj `g id sjfm`kdk, dÿg häs qu` idtì`vmsmög, ids r`n`r`gfmds y ids mhäl`g`s k` id cmcimjt`fdjnr`fmkds `g sus amstjrmds pu`k`g pdr`f`r dpdrmfmjg`s nuldf`s,smhpi`s njgkjs k` `sf`gd, iuldr`s qu` p`rhmt`g r`fr`dr id

dthösn`rd mk`di pdrd ug `gfu`gtrj dhjrjsj j pdrd ugd `sf`gd k`hmst`rmj j k` t`rrjr. Vmg `hcdrlj, id pr`s`gfmd k` id cmcimjt`fd `gug nmih`, pjr dilugjs s`lugkjs, mgfmk` `g ì `sp`ftdkjr hufajhäs qu` ugd trdgshmsmög tì`vmsmvd sjcr` ids cmcimjt`fds, pjrqu`,fudgkj `g ugd fdk`gd k` tì`vmsmög s` pr`s`gtd ug prjlrdhddf`rfd k` cmcimjt`fds, ijs tì`vmk`gt`s fdhcmdg k` fdgdi2 gjjcstdgt`, `stds hmshds p`rsjgds, `g ì fmg`, v`g pdsdr `g idpdgtdiid fudi`squm`r `sf`gds fjg cmcimjt`fds y, dugqu` gj idsp`rfmc`g fjgsfm`gt`h`gt`, ady ug h`gsdo` qu` íi iidhd

sucimhmgdi, qu` qu`kd `g sus h`hjrmds. ] fjgfiuy`fu`stmjgägkjs`? ºTumíg gj r`fu`rkd ids `sf`gds nmihdkds `g idlrdg sdid k` i`fturd fmrfuidr k` id Imcrdry jn Fjglr`ss, k`\dsamgltjg, `g ’[jkjs ijs ajhcr`s kì pr`smk`gt`‘ j ids

4 K'DI@VVDGKSJ, Kdrèj. Id cmcimjt`fd `g ì fmg`. Fjgn`r`gfmd

kmftdkd `g id Cmcimjt`fd Iums Dglì Drdglj, Cjljtä, `g 3556. R`gièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//www.idcidd.jrl/ciddvmrtudi/cmcimjt`fjijlmd/kdi`ssdgkrj/cmcimjfmg`4.ath (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj k` 3545).

http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/bibliotecologia/dalessandro/bibliocine1.htm






45

r`p`tmfmjg`s `n`ftudkds `g ids sdids, fdtäijljs y k`pösmtjs k` idG`w ]jrb Uucimf Imcrdry k` ’ Ijs fdzdndgtdshds‘:

@i fmg` s` jfupd k` ijs imcrjs, r`furr` d ìijs fjhjnu`gt` k` drluh`gtjs p`rj tdhcmíg ad hjkmnmfdkj ‐ìdrt` k` `sfrmcmr„. @i ou`lj k` mgniu`gfmds `s fjhpiòj` mg`vmtdci`. Ady jtrd rìdfmög pjsmci` qu` dtrd` d idmgt`gfmög k` `st` trdcdoj? ì fmg` jfupdkj `g ijsimcrjs, gj `g ugj, smgj `g hufajs imcrjs, `g suskmh`gsmjg`s y `g sus difdgf`s, `g ì iuldr qu`jfupdg, ì `spdfmj qu` adcmtdg y ì dhcm`gt` qu`fjgnjrhdg. @i fmg` qu` hu`strd ugd cmcimjt`fd. @gdilugjs fdsjs, söij dkvm`rt` ug dhcm`gt` fjg imcrjs`g ì qu` dilum`g cusfd dilj, `g jtrjs, `s ìcmcimjt`fdrmj ì qu` id fähdrd cusfd j ì usudrmj qu`,`gtr` ajods, k`s`ghdsfdrd ij jfuitj y ì drluh`gtjfdhmgd adfmd ugd r`sjiufmög. Id cmcimjt`fd `s dsè ugr`fursj kì p`rsjgdo`, ugd `strdt`lmd kì lumög.3

A` daè ì hjtmvj k` gu`strj mgt`rís y id rdzög pjr id fudi gjsdv`gturdhjs `g ijs fudsm-mgnmgmtjs fdhmgjs qu` fjgnjrhdg idtìdrdôd k` id fmg`hdtjlrdnèd, dsè s`d smgt`tmzdkd `g ug sjij t`hdfjhj `s ì qu` dajrd gjs jfupd2 `g jtrds pdidcrds, ì hugkj kìjs imcrjs fjhj ì`h`gtj fmg`hdtjlränmfj. ] gj sjidh`gt` ijsimcrjs fjhj ì`h`gtj sdivdkjr y vmvmnmfdgt` smgj tdhcmíg fjhjpugtj k` dpjyj d id hdikdk y d ijs mgt`r`s`s p`rsjgdi`s fdr`gt`sk` ijs vdijr`s ugmv`rsdi`s.

@g su vmdo` mgt`rpidg`tdrmj cusfdgkj id [m`rrd, ’@ i prmgfmpmtj‘ drrmcd d ug p`qu`ôj pidg`td a`faj fjg imcrjs2 hjgtdôds kìmcrjs, y adcmtdkj söij pjr ug ajhcr` qu` ds`lurd s`r amstjrmdkjr,

3 HDS[MG J[@LPM, ^mrlmgmd. Ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg`. Dpjrt`spdrd ì dgäimsms k` id r`pr`s`gtdfmög k` ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg`.@g? S`vmstd L`g`rdi k` Mgnjrhdfmög y Kjfuh`gtdfmög.Pgmv`rsmkdk kì Vur. Cdaèd cidgfd, Drl`gtmgd. 355=, 4= >4-=5 R@g

ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.ufh.`s/CPFH/r`vmstds/cyk/446341<6/drtmfuijs/SLMK5=5=4455>4D.UKN. (Fjgsuitd? 51 @g`rj k` 3545).

http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/byd/11321873/articulos/RGID0909110061A.PDF






44

ì hòjr amstjrmdkjr kì hugkj. V` trdtd k` ug k`pösmtj k` imcrjsfjijfdkjs k` tdi hdg`rd qu` fjgnjrhdg ug hugkj `snírmfj, di

`gtrdr `g ì fudi ì gmôj `xfidhd?-‐Cu`gjs kèds, s`ôjr. Cusfj ì fjgjfmhm`gtj„ ] ì `xtrdôj ajhcr` r`spjgk`?-‐]j ij `sfrmcè. Ij i`è. @stä `sfrmtj. @s amstjrmd. Ids k`häs sjgjcrds fjhpi`tdh`gt` mgÿtmi`s„.

¡Da! Id vdgmkdk y pr`pjt`gfmd k` qum`g`s ds`lurdg pjs``r idv`rkdk. Dugqu`, sm ij v`hjs fjg ijs jojs k` id h`gt`, cm`gdcm`rtjs, yd ij `xpr`sdrjg fidrd y fm`rtdh`gt` ijs dgtmlujsrjhdgjs? ‐^`rcd vjidgt, sfrmptd hdg`gt„? Ids pdidcrds vuìdg, ijs`sfrmtjs qu`kdg. ] pdrd cm`g j pdrd hdi, sjg hufads ids jcrds`sfrmtds pjr h`gt`s f`rrdkds d id iuz, fjg pdrfmdimkdk pjiètmfd,hdgmpuidfmjg`s jsfurds, ndgdtmshj rìmlmjsj, mlgjrdgfmd k` idsfdusds, j, smhpi`h`gt`, k`sfjgjfmhm`gtj j t`rlmv`rsdfmög k` idv`rkdk. Ij qu` qu`r`hjs k`fmr `s qu` gj sm`hpr` ijs imcrjs sjgid `s`gfmd k` ijs vdijr`s gm id dfuhuidfmög k` ij cu`gj. Dquèfdc` mludih`gt` id vmòd s`gt`gfmd qu` r`zd? ‐@i pdpì dludgtd

tjkj„. ] gjsjtrjs dlr`ldhjs? @i fìuijmk` tdhcmíg.



43



46

IJV IMCSJV @G @I FMG@

Smfadrk y @hhìmg` I`strdgl`, gäunrdljs `g ’Id idlugd dzui‘ k`sk` huy p`qu`ôjs, fr`f`g y s` k`sdrrjiidg pjr sus prjpmjsh`kmjs. ]d dkji`sf`gt`s y smg adc`r fjgtdkj fjg id pr`s`gfmd k`jtrjs s`r`s auhdgjs, hufaj h`gjs dkuitjs, smg id mgstruffmög k`hd`strjs gm ndhmimd, Smfadrk, miuhmgdkj pjr id iuz rjomzd dhdrmii`gtdk` id njldtd `g id pidyd, kmf` d su prmhd?

‖ ‐Ady hufads fjsds qu` gj ijlrj `gt`gk`r. Tumsm`rd qu` uglrdg imcrj qu` tuvm`rd r`spu`stds pdrd tjkds ids pr`lugtds fdy`rd

`g `std msid y ij pukm`rd t`g`r `gtr` hms hdgjs dajrd hmshj yi``rij adstd sdc`rij tjkj„.

Gj pu`k` s`r häs `xpièfmtd id g`f`smkdk kì fjgjfmhm`gtj `g `std`xpr`smög qu` ii`vd k` id hdgj id df`ptdfmög k` qu` ijs imcrjsfjgtm`g`g ì sdc`r, id mgnjrhdfmög qu` gjs p`rhmt` fjgjf`rdquìij qu` jfdsmjgd kukd, mgqum`tuk y dgsmd k` dpr`gk`r. Cdstdfjg sdc`r qu` `xmst` ì imcrj, jco`tj mgkmsp`gsdci` y vmtdi pdrd ì

fr`fmhm`gtj mgtì`ftudi k` ids p`rsjgds hjk`rgds, pdrd k`s`drijfjhj ij qu` `s y r`pr`s`gtd `g id njrhdfmög kì s`r auhdgjfjhpi`tj ` mgt`lrdi.

Ujr su pdrt`, Uursy, id r`cìk` y r`s`gtmkd dkji`sf`gt`, kmf` d supdkr`, Cjccy, prjn`sjr k` imt`rdturd yd vmòj y r`tmrdkj fuyd vmkds` gdrrd `g ’V`fr`tjs kì pdsdkj‘?-‐Adstd ug mkmjtd sdc` qu` ijs imcrjs sjg hòjr`s qu` id vmkd r`di.Ujr `sj sjg imcr js„.

[jkjs qum`g`s a`hjs t`gmkj jpjrtugmkdk k` pr`s`gfmdr idprjy`ffmög k` ugd pìèfuid, fjg s`lurmkdk qu` a`hjs vmstj, `g



4;

hdyjr j h`gjr lrdkj, p`rs`fufmjg`s y frèh`g`s jfdsmjgdkjs pjrug imcrj, `sp`fmdih`gt` `g pìèfuids k` `spmjgdo` y k` t`rrjr, dsè

fjhj `sf`gds k` imcrjs qu` fd`g sjcr` ids p`rsjgds, cm`g s`d `ghjh`gtjs föhmfjs fjhj `g smtudfmjg`s vmji`gtds, y df`ptdhjsfjg gdturdimkdk ijs imcrjs au`fjs `g ijs qu` s` ludrkd iidv`s,p`qu`ôds pm`zds ì`ftrögmfds, ojyds j drhds, j dquìijs qu` didcrmrs` kòdg `sfdpdr tjrh`gtds j ug `gjrh` y n`rjz p`rrj g`lrjfjhj ì k` ’@i ludrkmäg k` ids pdidcrds‘ fudgkj ì gmôj p`rkmkj `gid cmcimjt`fd dcr` id gjvìd ‐@i sdcu`sj k` ijs Cdsb`r vmii`„2 lrmtjsy rmsds fjhj `g ’Fjrdzög k` tmgtd‘, j hjgstrujs, fjhj `g ’ Adrry

Ujtt`r y id Um`krd nmijsjndi ‘2 Fudgkj Adrry `gtrd d id s`ffmögprjamcmkd k` id cmcimjt`fd, kjgk` s` ludrkd ijs imcrjs qu`fjgtm`g`g ijs häs lrdgk`s s`fr`tjs k` id hdlmd, `gfu`gtrd ugimcrj `g ì fudi vmv` ug ajhcr` `gf`rrdkj `gtr` ids ajods mhpr`sdsy fuyj rjstrj sjcr`sdi` `g ì pdpì, trdtdgkj k` `sfdpdr fudgkjì imcrj s` dcr`. Gj nditdrä qum`g pm`gs` qu` ids dihds k` ijsdutjr`s pulgdg pjr `sfdpdr k` ids oduids k` pdpì `g ids qu`nu`rjg `gfdrfìdkds pjr sus ku`ôjs. K` id hmshd njrhd, `g’Adrry Ujtt`r y id fähdrd s`fr`td‘ Adrry utmimzd ug imcrj, ì kmdrmj k`

[jh Sykki`, häs fjgjfmkj fjhj ì hdlj Ijrk ^jik`hjrt, pdrdjfuitdr `g íi ug fdif`tèg qu` jcs`qumd di p`qu`ôj Kjccy, ug ìnjkjhístmfj `sfidvj k` Iufmus Hdinjy, fjhj sèhcjij k` su imc`rtdk.] `g ’V`fr`tjs k` ndhmimd‘, ug ojv`g jcs`qumd d id tutjrd ug imcrj,qu` `g r`dimkdk `s ug fjnr` k`gtrj kì fudi fjijfd ug rdtöghu`rtj.

Id vdrm`kdk `g ì fjgt`gmkj k` ug imcrj `s mgmhdlmgdci`2 ugdp`qu`ôd a`rrdhm`gtd `sfjgkmkd `g id Cmcimd, fjhj id usdkd pjr

Dgky Kunr`sg` `g ’Fdk`gd p`rp`tud‘ fjg id fudi `xfdvd ì tÿgìqu` ij ii`vd d id imc`rtdk nu`rd k` id t`hmci` färfì k` Vadwsadgb2pu`k` mgfiumr k`sk` ug rdtög adstd ug drhd, j k`sk` ugdtjrh`gtd adstd ug smhpi`, s`gfmiij p`rj dt`rrdkjr fjgourj. K`skùgd r`f`td k` fjfmgd adstd ijs häs lrdgk`s y fjhpiòjsprjci`hds k` id quèhmfd, id nèsmfd fuägtmfd, id pjiètmfd j ids drt`s.K`sk` ug pj`hd k` dhjr… adstd ug fdtäijlj k` hmsmi`s.

@i vmòj Mdg, `x-dftjr k` t`dtrj, ampjfjgkrèdfj y oucmidkj, qu` s`pr`pdrd pdrd id ii`ldkd k` su sjcrmgd O`ssm` d Ijgkr`s, kmf` dHdurmf` Susìi, su mludih`gt` dgfmdgj dhmlj kì dihd?



40

-‐[dhcmíg i` fjhprí ugd tjdiid rjsd pdrd qu` gj adydfjgnusmjg`s `g ì cdôj. ] pjr sm qum`r` i``r i` fjgs`luè `stjs

imcrjs„. -‐¡Tuí ajrrjr! @kmta \drtjg„. -‐Tum`rj `kufdrid, Hdurmf`. Tum`rj `gs`ôdri` dilugds fjsds„.

^`hjs cmcimjt`fds `g fdkd ugj k` ijs dpdrtdh`gtjs k` ijs kjsdgfmdgjs? Mdg, `xi`ftjr, Hdurmf`, dÿg `g `sf`gd. Dhcjs fjgjf`gy dpr`fmdg ì vdijr k` ijs imcrjs y jcvmdh`gt` k` id i`fturd, p`rjO`ssm`, ’^`gus‘ pdrd ì `gdhjrdkmzj dftjr, `s ugd ojv`gfdhp`smgd smg `kufdfmög, mgfuitd y k`sdkdptdkd, d qum`g suhdkr` yd gj tji`rd `g fdsd.

@i prmh`r kmslustj `gtr` id hufadfad y su tèj s` pr`s`gtd d suii`ldkd pjrqu` íi qum`r` qu` i` pr`pdr` p`sfdkj, dilj qu`,jcvmdh`gt`, id mgÿtmi hufadfad mlgjrd. K` hdg`rd qu` `g suprmh`rd sdimkd fjg Hdurmf` i` pr`lugtd?-‐ºVdc`s dilj k` p`sfdkj:„ -‐Gm mk`d, qu`rmkd. º] tÿ:„

-‐Gm mk`d„ -‐Ujkrèds usdr ug imcrj„ -‐º¡Pg imcrj!:„ -‐¡Ijs fjgjf`s! Kjs p`kdzjs k` fdrtög fjg ajods mhpr`sds `gh`kmj„ -‐ºI``s hufaj:„ -‐Fudgkj gj ady fjg qumíg adcidr, `s cu`gd fjhpdôèd„.

Mgkukdci`h`gt` s` trdtd k` ugd crjhd. U`rj… º`s ugd crjhd

`g s`rmj: Ujrqu` smg iuldr d kukd id h`tänjrd `s väimkd pdrdhufads p`rsjgds d qum`g`s ug imcrj i`s r`pr`s`gtd oustdh`gt``sj? Kjs trjzjs k` fdrtög fjg ajods `sfrmtds `g h`kmj, gjmhpjrtd ij qu` t`gldg `sfrmtj. K`sfjgjf`g, y odhäs i`s fruzdrèdpjr id h`gt`, qu` `g ijs imcrjs pu`k`g `gfjgtrdr, mgfiusmv`, idr`f`td k` fjfmgd fdpdz k` hjkmnmfdr ì fursj k` sus vmkds.

[dhpjfj dpr`fmd ijs imcrjs ì r`y, pdkr` kì prègfmp` dzui y nuturj

su`lrj k` ’F`gmfm`gtd‘, v`rsmög fiäsmfd k` \dit Kmsg`y, pu`sdrrjod di suìj vdrmjs vjiÿh`g`s qu` s` `gfu`gtrdg sjcr` id h`sdsjst`gmkjs pjr ug pdr k`, s`lurdh`gt` fjstjsjs, trdgfdimcrjs k`



4>

pjrfìdgd. Ijs imcrjs gj sjg mhpjrtdgt`s pdrd íi p`rj sè id vmstjsdpjrfìdgd. Ijs imcrjs sjg, smhpi`h`gt`, ug fjhpi`h`gtj

k`fjrdtmvj mgìukmci` k` ijs nmgjs trdgfdimcrjs. Gj jcstdgt`, idsrdtjgds dhmlds k` id hufadfad dt`sjrdg y vdijrdg ug fdtäijljk` v`stmkjs n`h`gmgjs, kì fudi tjhdg ì hjkìj pdrd ì trdo` qu`fjg tdgtj dhjr, `sh`rj y drt`, fjs`g pdrd ìid, p`rj qu` iu`lj `sk`strjzdkj pjr ids ajrrmci`s a`rhdgdstrds. ] ug imcrj mludi `s ìusdkj pjr Nijrd, Ndugd y Urmhdv`rd, ids adkds prjt`ftjrds, pdrdfjgn`ffmjgdr ì v`stmkj k` id prmgf`sd Durjrd, ’Id cìid

kurhm`gt`‘, ì kèd k` su kífmhj s`xtj fuhpi`dôjs.

Di fjhm`gzj k` id amstjrmd y dgt`s k` r`vìdrgjs ’@i hmst`rmj k` ijs

`xfdvdkjr`s‘, ady ugd `sf`gd `sp`fmdi, fudgkj s` hu`strd ugimcrj dcm`rtj sjcr` fuyds pälmgds fd`g ids iälrmhds k` idprjn`sjrd Bdt` Cdrijw, d qum`g ijs ajhcr`s k` Lr``g Idb`, iu`ljk` ds`smgdr d su `gdhjrdkj, mgf`gkmdg id `sfuìd r`fmígfjgstrumkd. @i imcrj `s ì r`fmpm`gt` qu` r`fjl` ì kjijr k` id huo`rqu` ÿgmfdh`gt` k`s`dcd `gs`ôdri`s d i``r. Vjg p`qu`ôjsfadrfjs k` dhdrld mhpjt`gfmd sjcr` ids pdidcrds mhpr`sds, qu`

trdgshmt`g id mgk`sfrmptmci` trmst`zd k` su dihd.

U`rj gj tjkjs ijs imcrjs sjg cu`gjs. [dhcmíg ady imcrjshjgstrujs, fjhj ì ‐Hjgst`r cjjb jn hjgst`rs„, imcrj `g njrhd k``gjrh` drdôd, fjg pdtds, fudtrj jojs y nmijsjs km`gt`s, qu`k`struy` ij qu` `gfu`gtrd d su pdsj, p`rsmlu` y dtdfd d tjkjdquì qu` s` fruf` `g su fdhmgj, `xf`ptudgkj d su ku`ôj, y diqu` söij Adrry Ujtt`r pjkrèd fjgtrjidr. J, fjhj ì ‐Imcrj k``gfdgtdhm`gtjs„, `g ’Dcrdfdkdcrd‘, njrrdkj fjg pmì auhdgd yfjg ug joj `g id fucm`rtd, qu` s` dcr` pdrd jcs`rvdr d ijs i`ftjr`sy qu` nu` jcs`qumdkj pjr ì kmdcij d \mgmnr`k, id a`rhdgd hdyjrk` ids tr`s cruods Dgk`rsjg. @st` imcrj vuìd adstd ids hdgjs k`su prjpm`tdrmd fudgkj ìid ij iidhd y s` dcr` oustj `g id pälmgdqu` fjgtm`g` ì fjgourj mgkmfdkj pdrd fjh`t`r id hdikdk k`s`dkdpjr id cruod. Dilj dsè fjhj ugd fjgsuitd `g r`dimkdk vmrtudi, ydqu`, dk`häs, ids pälmgds kì imcrj s` miuhmgdg fjg iuz prjpmd pu`sgj r`qum`r` k` `g`rlèd ìíftrmfd gm k` cdt`rèds fjhj suf`k` fjg

ijs fjhputdkjr`s. Ujr jtrd pdrt`, kmfaj imcrj `stä prjt`lmkj pjr idhdlmd y gm smqum`rd ì nu`lj pu`k` fdusdri` ì h`gjr kdôj,hufaj h`gjs k`strumrij. @stj gjs r`fu`rkd id jpmgmög k` dilugjs



4<

`g fudgtj fjgsmk`rdg, y pdr`f`g fjgv`gfmkjs, k` qu` ì imcrj, tdifjhj ij fjgjf`hjs, `s mhp`r`f`k`rj y pjr ij tdgtj gugfd

k`sdpdr`f`rä fjhj sjpjrt` k` id fuiturd ugmv`rsdi. Jtrjs, pjr ìfjgtrdrmj, pm`gsdg qu` ístd `s ugd pjsmfmög häs rjhägtmfd qu`präftmfd y qu`, di mludi qu` tjkjs ijs sjpjrt`s `sfrmptör`js kìpdsdkj, ì imcrj k`c` `vjiufmjgdr d id pdr fjg ì k`sdrrjiijfm`gtènmfj y t`fgjiölmfj, ì fudi, `g id dftudimkdk, dvdgzd d tdivìjfmkdk qu` ÿgmfdh`gt` ids ÿitmhds l`g`rdfmjg`s k` oöv`g`s ygmôjs pu`k`g mr di rmthj qu` i`s mhpjg` ístd, su ípjfd.

Ady mludih`gt` ug imcrj huy dgtmluj qu` fjgtm`g` ijs s`fr`tjsk` id iufad `gtr` id iuz y id jsfurmkdk y prjv`` id fidv` pdrd`gfjgtrdr ’Ijs s`ms smlgjs k` id iuz‘.-‐@i imcrj t` `gs`ôdrä föhj s` k`c` cusfdr ijs smlgjs. [ÿ `r`s @icusfdkjr y söij ì cusfdkjr pu`k` i``r ì imcrj„.

@vmk`gt`h`gt` `sd `s id nugfmög cäsmfd y nmgdi kì imcrj2 `gs`ôdrid hdg`rd k` p`gsdr, kukdr, `gfjgtrdr ijs smlgjs qu` fjgkuf`g diadiidzlj k` ids r`spu`stds d ij mlgjtj y k`sfjgjfmkj.

U`rj gj sdtmsn`faj fjg id i`fturd kì imcrj, \mii Vtdgtjg, ughufadfaj k` fdtjrf` dôjs y r`fjgjfmkj pjr ijs dgfmdgjs fjhj @icusfdkjr, fjhpi`h`gtd id mgnjrhdfmög h`kmdgt` ug pdr k`fjgsuitds `g id \`c2 `g Ljjli`, pdrd s`r häs `xdftjs. Gm häs gmh`gjs fjhj ij adf` id hdyjrèd k` `stukmdgt`s pdrd r`sjiv`r susk`c`r`s dfdkíhmfjs? cusfdr ug tètuij j ug pdr k` pdidcrds qu` s`df`rqu`g di dsugtj `gfjh`gkdkj y fjpmdr, p`ldr ` mhprmhmr, jsmhpi` y kmr`ftdh`gt`, mhprmhmr. ] gj söij ijs gmôjs. [dhcmíg ijs

dkuitjs, `stukmdgt`s y prjn`sjr`s ugmv`rsmtdrmjs ij hmshj qu``hpi`dkjs k` ditd y h`kmd o`rdrquèd ‐nusmidg„ j pidlmdgmgnjrhdfmög jct`gmkd `g Mgt`rg`t d nmg k` ijlrdr, cu`gdsfdimnmfdfmjg`s ijs prmh`rjs, pucimfdfmjg`s, dsf`gsjs y dprjcdfmögk` prjy`ftjs ijs jtrjs.

Vjg ijs pìmlrjs k` id t`fgjijlèd hdi `hpi`dkd, fudgkj idmgnjrhdfmög ijfdimzdkd `g id S`k gj `s utmimzdkd fjhj ì

fjhpi`h`gtj smgj fjhj ì tjkj, pdsdgkj pjr ditj id fjhpr`gsmögqu` k`c`, g`f`sdrmd ` mgkmsp`gsdci`h`gt`, s`r pdrt` mga`r`gt` diprjf`sj gjrhdi k` tjkd i`fturd, fjgkuf`gt`, `s k` `sp`rdr, d



41

r`suitdkjs c`g`ndftjr`s fjhj ì dpr`gkmzdo` y, `g ì h`gjr k` ijsfdsjs, d id r`fr`dfmög kì `spèrmtu.

Lrdfmds di usj y pjpuidrmzdfmög k` Mgt`rg`t, cm`g `hpi`dkd, fjhjug s`rvmfmj häs `g id dftudimzdfmög tífgmfd k` ids cmcimjt`fds, `spjsmci` mglr`sdr d ijs drfamvjs kì NCM, tdi fjhj adf` ì k`t`ftmv`

Drt dsmstmkj pjr id cmcimjt`fdrmd k` ’Di rjoj vmvj‘. @gtr` jtrdsmgqum`tuk`s `std pìèfuid k`spm`rtd ì pidgt`dhm`gtj k` ug gu`vjtmpj k` prjci`hd k` ids cmcimjt`fds `g fudgtj s` r`nm`r` d idfjgsuitd `g ièg`d? id kmsfr`fmög `g ì hdgòj k` id mgnjrhdfmögprjpjrfmjgdkd d ijs usudrmjs.

Id dgfmdgd dcuìd \`gky tjhd ì imcrj k` ‐U`t`r Udg„ y kmf` diU`t`r r`di, yd dkuitj, ò`futmvj mhpjrtdgt`, fdsdkj y fjg amojs, ijsfudi`s adg k`sdpdr`fmkj fjhj fjgs`fu`gfmd k` ’@i r`lr`sj kì

Fdpmtäg Ldrnmj‘?-‐Ijs fu`gtjs sjg v`rkdk. [` ij ourj pjr tjkj ij qu` dkjrj. U`t`rºGj sdc`s qumíg `r`s: K`c`s jcimldrt` d r`fjrkdr„.

Mgk`p`gkm`gt`h`gt` k` ijs `sfrmtjs purdh`gt` k` nmffmög, ijsimcrjs `gfm`rrdg gu`strj pdsdkj, id amstjrmd k` ijs pu`cijs y k` ijsmgkmvmkujs. Id vmkd `g cmjlrdnèds, id l`jlrdnèd, ijs vmdo`s y idsdv`gturds, id `vjiufmög k` ids drt`s, k` id fm`gfmd y id tífgmfd. Idÿgmfd hdg`rd k` fjgjf`r ì pdsdkj, ì pr`s`gt` y ids`xp`ftdtmvds k` ug pjsmci` nuturj, `s i``r, y, pjr supu`stj,r`fjrkdr. Tum`g gj i``, odhäs ii`ldrä d sdc`r gdkd k` sè hmshj.Gugfd sdcrä qumíg `s, gm k` kögk` vmgj gm adfmd kögk` pu`k` jk`c` kmrmlmrs`.

Ijs imcrjs `stäg pjr kjqum`r, mgfiusmv` `g ids tupmkds sìvds kì Dhdzjgds. Fudgkj ajhcr`s fmvmi`s dsditdg ì cdrfj qu`trdgspjrtd d ids vmsmtdkjrds y ds`smgdg d Jild Drìidgj, fjgjfmkdfjg ì dimds k` ‐Id fjijhcmdgd„, dugqu` `g id gjvìd k` Hdrmj^drlds Iijsd r`dih`gt` s` dpjkd ‐Id crdsmi`ôd„, id hòjr dhdgt`k` ’Udgtdi`ög y ids vmsmtdkjrds‘, ì sdf`rkjt` qu` pr`smk` sus`pìmj ii`vd `g id hdgj ug imcrj kì fudi i`` dilugds nrds`s,

räpmkdh`gt` y k` hdid ldgd.



4=

@s ugd `sf`gd fjhÿg `g ijs `gtm`rrjs, yd qu` ì ‐Smtudi k``x`qumds„ luèd ì prjf`kmhm`gtj k` id imturlmd nug`rdi `g id Mli`smd

fdtöimfd y prjv`` di sdf`rkjt` ijs t`xtjs g`f`sdrmjs pdrd sui`fturd kurdgt` id f`r`hjgmd, `gtr` ijs fudi`s s` mgfiuy` idpr`kmfdfmög y ijs ìjlmjs kì kmnugtj. K` mludi hdg`rd s`pr`s`gtdg ì sdf`rkjt` j ì ou`z di fì`crdr ugd cjkd, ii`vdgkj did hdgj ì ‐Smtudi k` hdtrmhjgmjs„, kì qu` tjhd id i`fturd k` ijssdihjs r`spjgsjrmdi`s häs dilugjs pdsdo`s k` ijs `vdglìmjs.

@g fudgtj d id i`fturd fjhj sdgd, sdcmd y g`f`sdrmd fjstuhcr`,`xmst`g pu`cijs y pdès`s `g kjgk` id fuiturd kì imcrj y id i`fturd`stäg df`gkrdkds k`sk` tm`hpj dträs. Mgnjrh`s mgt`rgdfmjgdi`ss`ôdidg ditjs ègkmf`s k` imcrjs i`èkjs p`r fäpmtd `g @urjpd y

Dhírmfd kì Gjrt`, gj fjhpdrdci`s fjg ì supr`hdh`gt` cdojgmvì k` i`fturd `g Vurdhírmfd, Dnrmfd y lrdg pdrt` k` Dsmd. Dsè,’@i fiuc kì imcrj Odg` Dust`g‘ gdrrd föhj fmgfj huo`r`s k`kmn`r`gt`s `kdk`s y fjstuhcr`s, njrhdg ug fiuc k` i`fturd pdrddgdimzdr y trdtdr k` fjhpr`gk`r id vmkd k` id `sfrmtjrd pjr h`kmjkì dgäimsms k` sus gjvìds, tdi`s fjhj ‐@hhd„, ‐U`rsudsmög„,

‐V`gtmkj y s`gsmcmimkdk„, ‐Jrluiij y pròumfmj„ y ‐@i Udrqu`Hdgsnmìk„, qu` i`s dyukdräg d r`sjiv`r id mg`stdcmimkdk k` susvmkds dhjrjsds. Dugqu` ids amstjrmds fjgt`hpjräg`ds gj smlu`gfm`ldh`gt` ijs t`xtjs k` Dust`g, ijs p`rsjgdo`s `gfu`gtrdgr`hmgmsf`gfmds, pr`kmffmjg`s, dkv`rt`gfmds y sdcmkurèd sjcr` suprjpmd trdy`ftjrmd, `g ids gdrrdfmjg`s k` id ndhjsd `sfrmtjrd.

U`rj gj sm`hpr` ad smkj dsè y h`gjs fudgkj s` `s huo`r. Dÿg `gì hugkj k` ajy, häs kì s`s`gtd pjr fm`gtj k` ids p`rsjgds qu`

gj sdc`g i``r gm `sfrmcmr sjg huo`r`s. K`sk` tm`hpjsmgh`hjrmdi`s, ids rìmlmjg`s, `sp`fmdih`gt` id fdtöimfd y ì msidh,k`sfjgjfm`rjg y g`ldrjg d id huo`r su k`r`faj k` dpr`gk`r.Hdrèd Hdlkdi`gd `rd ugd huo`r k` fids` ditd, qu` sdcèd i``r y`sfrmcmr, ij fudi i` vdimö id `g`hmstdk k` ijs vdrjg`s, qum`g`s,fjhj `strdt`lmd pdrd imcrdrs` k` ìid id dfusdrjg k` dkuit`rmj yprjstmtufmög. @g id Ldimi`d k` Hdrèd k` Hdlkdid, ids ndhmimdspukm`gt`s ljzdcdg k` dilugd imc`rtdk `g id `kufdfmög k` sus

huo`r`s, hds gj dsè `g Ouk`d kjgk` i`s `stdcd prjamcmkjdpr`gk`r d i``r y `sfrmcmr.



35

Jfajfm`gtjs tr`mgtd dôjs k`spuís, `g id Di`hdgmd h`km`vdi,fudgkj ids ÿgmfds dit`rgdtmvds `rdg fjgv`rtmrs` di frmstmdgmshj j

s`r ds`smgdkjs, gdf` Ojadggd, id gmôd qu` häs tdrk` adcrèd k`fjgv`rtmrs` `g ’Id pdpmsd Oudgd‘, amod k` L`rc`rt, ug sdf`rkjt`fdtöimfj, ndgätmfj y jsfurdgtmstd.

Ojadggd s` c`g`nmfmd kì dhjr k` Hdtèds, su a`rhdgj hdyjr.

-‐Tum`rj dpr`gk`r d i``r y d `sfrmcmr ijs sdihjs„

-‐Udpä gj ij p`rhmtmrèd. V`rèd ugd cidsn`hmd„. ] Hdtèds fu`gtd dOjadggd id amstjrmd k` Vdgtd Fdtdimgd, qum`g ‐… d p`sdr k` s`rhuo`r `rd fuitd y sdcmd„.

U`rj ì pdkr` s` `gt`rd k` qu` id gmôd sdc` i``r y `sfrmcmr, y`xfidhd pr`sj k` id mrd?

-‐¡Frmdturd dgtmgdturdi! ¡Ads trdèkj id föi`rd k` Kmjs sjcr`gjsjtrjs!„

Gj jcstdgt` id prjamcmfmög k` `gs`ôdr d ids huo`r`s, ì sdcmjhd`strj @sfuidpmus s` jnr`f` pdrd mr adstd id fdsd kì sdf`rkjt` y`kufdr d Ojadggd, dsè qu` id gmôd dpr`gk` d i``r y `sfrmcmr, gjsöij `g di`häg smgj tdhcmíg `g Idtèg y lrm`lj, y r`fmc` kìdgfmdgj ug imcrj, ‐Id Jkms`d„ k` Ajh`rj, ugd k` ids jcrds häsdgtmluds k` id auhdgmkdk, fjpmd hdgusfrmtd y trdkufmkd pjr ìhmshj hd`strj2 id v`rsmög lrm`ld jrmlmgdi, s`lumkd pjr idtrdkuffmög di idtèg. U`rj su pdkr` id k`sfucr`.

-‐ºK` kögk` sdfdst` `st` imcrj: ºTuí fids` k` mkmjhd `s `st`:ºFöhj pu`k`s i``r `stj:„

-‐@s lrm`lj, pdkr`. @i hd`strj @sfuidpmus h` `gs`ôö„.

@gtjgf`s ì sdf`rkjt` jrk`gd d id gmôd cjrrdr ids pdidcrds`sfrmtds `g ì imcrj, rdspägkjids fjg id dnmidkd ajod k` ug fufamiij.

-‐¡Ads mgsuitdkj d Kmjs fjg tu k`sjc`km`gfmd. Fjhj fdstmljtrdcdodräs kèd y gjfa`, fjh`räs söij pdg y dlud adstd qu` fdkdpdidcrd gj frmstmdgd s`d cjrrdkd k` dquè. [` `gs`ôdrí d t`h`r d

ijs tjrh`gtjs kì mgnm`rgj!„.



34

] sjh`tmígkjid k` rjkmiids, dzjtd su p`qu`ôd `spdikd hm`gtrdslrmtd id jrdfmög kì Udkr` Gu`strj, tdi fjhj jrd fudgkj ljip`d y

vmjid d su `spjsd kìdgt` k` ijs gmôjs.

Ujfj tm`hpj k`spuís y lrdfmds d id h`kmdfmög k` @sfuidpmus,Ojadggd, k` 45 dôjs, `s r`qu`rmkd dgt` ì jcmspj qu`, k` hdg`rd`xf`pfmjgdi dutjrmzdrä su mglr`sj d id `sfuìd, hdsfuimgd, pjrsupu`stj, k` id fdt`krdi. U`rj su ii`ldkd gj `s cm`g vmstd pjr ìnrdmi` prjn`sjr, qum`g sjstm`g` dgt` ijs rùgmkjs?

-‐@stä `g fjgtrd k` id vjiugtdk kmvmgd df`ptdr d ugd huo`r `g id

`sfuìd k` id fdt`krdi. Dk`häs `s mgÿtmi. Ids huo`r`s gj pjs``gid adcmimkdk gdturdi k` jct`g`r fjgfiusmjg`s iölmfds. Idss`ffmjg`s ÿtmi`s kì f`r`crj k` ugd huo`r sjg tdg p`qu`ôds, qu`sjg mgfdpdf`s k` `gt`gk`r mk`ds y fjgf`ptjs fjhpiòjs. @ihmshj Vdg Udcij ad dnmrhdkj `std v`rkdk, qu` ids huo`r`s sjgmgn`rmjr`s d ijs ajhcr`s, fjhj ij k`t`rhmgdg ì jrk`g k` idfr`dfmög, id o`rdrquèd y id nu`rzd k` vjiugtdk„.

Dôjs häs tdrk`, jfuitd su mk`gtmkdk y fjgv`rtmkd `g Udpd, susdgtmkdk Ojadgg`s, prjpjg` fjgstrumr `g Sjhd ugd `sfuìd pdrdgmôds, fjg id jpjsmfmög k` jcmspjs y fdrk`gdi`s?

-‐ºPgd `sfuìd pdrd gmôds: ¡Gugfd ad adcmkj dilj dsè!

-‐Vu sdgtmkdk, supjglj qu` ust`k sdc` qu` hm`gtrds häs sdcùgd huo`r su ÿt`rj s` adf` häs p`qu`ôj. @s k` fjgjfmhm`gtjfjhÿg„.

Kurdgt` ids f`gturmds pjst`rmjr`s id mli`smd y sus s`lumkjr`sfjgsmk`rdrjg qu` sm ugd huo`r pjkèd i``r `stdcd pjs`èkd pjr ìk`hjgmj y `rd smg iuldr d kukds ugd cruod, di pugtj k` hdtdr `g idajlu`rd d f`gt`gdr`s k` huo`r`s mgstrumkds y vdimjsds.

D nmgdi`s kì Vmlij Q^M, id huo`r dÿg t`gèd prjamcmkj ì dff`sj difjgjfmhm`gtj pjr fjgsmk`rdr qu` gj `rd mgtìml`gt` y qu` ì sdc`ry ì `stukmj `rdg `xfiusmvjs kì ajhcr`. @g ijs smlijs smlum`gt`s yk` hdg`rd pduidtmgd s` i` p`rhmtmö df`rfdrs` di hugkj

dfdkíhmfj, mgmfmdgkj fjg ids gmôds k` ndhmimds dkmg`rdkds, p`rj



33

r`fmcèdg ugd njrhdfmög `sfjidr cäsmfd sjcr` id fudi s` `gndtmzdcd`g hdgudimkdk`s y `kufdfmög hjrdi.

Ajy, pjr njrtugd, id smtudfmög ad fdhcmdkj `g id hdyjr pdrt` kìhugkj, dugqu` `g 3550 id pj`tmsd dnldgd Gdkmd Dgouhdg, k` 30dôjs, nu` ds`smgdkd d ljip`s pjr su `spjsj y ijs ndhmimdr`s k`íst`. @i hugkj supj `gtjgf`s qu` ì rílmh`g tdimcäg prjaèc` quìds huo`r`s dpr`gkdg d i``r y `sfrmcmr. Vm ug pdkr` i` `gs`ôd d`sfrmcmr d su amod, s`rä fjgk`gdkj d id p`gd k` hu`rt`. Idshuo`r`s tm`g`g prjamcmkj trdcdodr, `stukmdr y r`èrs` `g vjz ditd.Gdkmd y jtrds oöv`g`s p`rt`g`fèdg d ijs Fèrfuijs k` Fjsturd kÀ`rdt, y s` rùgèdg tr`s v`f`s d id s`hdgd `g id `sfuìd k`fjsturd Id Dluod k` Jrj, `g id fdsd kì prjn`sjr Sdaydc, k`s`s`gtd dôjs, kjgk` s`fr`tdh`gt` `stukmdcdg d `sfrmtjr`sprjamcmkjs fjhj Vadb`sp`dr`, [jistjy, Cdizdf, Kmfb`gs, Ojyf`,Kjstjm`vsbm y Gdcjbjv.

Dsè ids fjsds… ids pdidcrds sjg pjfds. ^jivdhjs d ijs imcrjs.

Hufads v`f`s ug imcrj, qu` cm`g pu`k` trdtdrs` k` ug kmdrmjhdgusfrmtj, `s fdusd k` ds`smgdtjs, mgtrmlds y trdmfmjg`s, j id luèdpdrd r`sjiv`r dgtmluds mgfölgmtds fjhj suf`k` `g ’ Id hjhmd‘,

’ Ijs fdzdkjr`s kì Drfd p`rkmkd‘, ’ Mgkmdgd Ojg`s y id ÿitmhd Fruzdkd‘,

’Id gjv`gd pu`rtd‘ y ’@i ndgtdshd k` Fdgt`rvmii`‘, `gtr` hufadsjtrds.

- ‐Dilugjs imcrjs sjg pìmlrjsjs y gj k`c`g dcrmrs` mhpug`h`gt`„,kmf` `g ’Id gjv`gd pu`rtd‘ ì fji`ffmjgmstd k` imcrjs sdtägmfjs di

fdzdkjr k` imcrjs rdrjs y huy dgtmlujs, qum`g cusfd ug imcrjsupu`stdh`gt` `sfrmtj ` miustrdkj pjr Iufmn`r, fuyjs lrdcdkjsfjgtm`g`g ug h`gsdo` s`fr`tj.

@g ’ @i gjhcr` k` id rjsd‘, ì hjgo` \miimdh k` Cdsb`rvmii` `xpimfd?- ‐Ady ug imcrj qu` hdtd, j pjr ì qu` ijs ajhcr`s hdtdg„.] ì dgfmdgj dcdk Ourl`g, qu` jfuitd ì imcrj k` Drmstötì`s,fjgt`std?

- ‐Ady imcrjs prjamcmkjs, `spmrmtudih`gt` pìmlrjsjs2 id rmsd hdtd dihm`kj (fjhj `g ’ Ids cruods k` @dstwmfb ‘, fudgkj `g id hdgsmögkì k`hjgmj sus tr`s huo`r`s nijtdg `g ì dmr` hm`gtrds rè`g)2 Vmg

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C3%B3dor_Dostoevsky

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabokov

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabokov

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C3%B3dor_Dostoevsky



36

hm`kj gj ady n`. Vmg hm`kj gj s` g`f`smtd Kmjs„. D ij fudi ìhjgo` r`spjgk`?

- ‐U`rj gj s` pu`k` ìmhmgdr id rmsd ìmhmgdgkj `st` imcrj„.

Jcvmdh`gt`, gj `s pjsmci` suprmhmr ids mk`ds k`struy`gkj ijsimcrjs, g`ldgkj id `xmst`gfmd k` sus dutjr`s ` mgfmg`rdgkj d ijsi`ftjr`s.

’ @i gjhcr` k` id rjsd‘

@i h`gsdo` qu` trdtd k` trdgshmtmr `std amstjrmd `s ìhm`kj d ij k`sfjgjfmkj y di r`fadzj k` ij qu` gj s`pu`k` ii`ldr d fjhpr`gk`r k`sk` ì pugtj k` vmstdt`jiölmfj. Kjs p`rsjgdo`s s` `gnr`gtdg dkqumrm`gkjkjs rji`s fjhpi`tdh`gt` kmstmgtjs? Ourl`g k` Curljsy \miimdh k` Cdsb`rvmii`2 ì prmh`rj fjgsmk`rd qu` idcmcimjt`fd, ì`h`gtj pr`s`gt` d ij idrlj k` tjkd idpìèfuid, k`c` k`s`hp`ôdr ug rji `s`gfmdih`gt` k`fjgs`rvdfmög. V`lÿg su pdrtmfuidr pugtj k` vmstd,tjkj ij qu` `stä `sfrmtj k`c` fjgs`rvdrs` y ijshjgo`s gj k`c`g dv`gturdrs` d mgv`stmldr gdkd häs.Ujr jtrj idkj, nrdy \miimdh `s ug ajhcr` k` fm`gfmd,dsp`ftj qu` `sfjgk` pdrd gj s`r fjgsmk`rdkj ugcruoj.

@i imcrj p`rkmkj, ì imcrj ds`smgj j ì imcrj pjr ì qu`s` hdtd y sjcr` ì qu` r`fd` tjkj ì hmst`rmj? ì



3;

V`lugkj imcrj k` pjítmfd k` Drmstötì`s, qu`k`s`gfdk`gd tjkds ids hu`rt`s k`gtrj k` id dcdkèd,

smlgmnmfd pdrd Ourl`g ug dtdqu` nrjgtdi d susfr``gfmds. \miimdh ds`v`rd qu` ì auhjr nu``hpi`dkj pjr ijs härtmr`s pdrd `gnr`gtdr y rmkmfuimzdrd ijs pdldgjs, d ij fudi dôdk` qu` Drmstötì`s`sfrmcmö su imcrj pdrd miustrdr qu` ì auhjr pjkèdutmimzdrs` fjhj mgstruh`gtj k` id v`rkdk. Ourl`g i`pr`lugtd sm ad i`èkj `s` imcrj y \miimdh dkhmt` qu` gjij ad a`faj pu`stj qu` ì imcrj s` p`rkmö adf` hufajtm`hpj. @gtjgf`s Ourl`g ds`lurd qu` ì imcrj gj s`p`rkmö, smgj qu` gugfd nu` `sfrmtj, dugqu` `s íiqum`g ludrkd ugd fjpmd `gv`g`gdkd qu` hdtd d tjkjdquì qu` jsd tjfdrij.

K` `s` hjkj, t`g`hjs qu` id `s`gfmd k` id amstjrmd`s qu` ì imcrj hdtd pjr ì fjgjfmhm`gtj qu` dt`sjrd.Pg fjgjfmhm`gtj qu` pdrd ijs miustrdkjs `s huymgt`r`sdgt` y qu` tjkjs k`s`dg pjs``r. Dsè, ijs

prmh`rjs `g hjrmr pjr k`s`dr su fjgt`gmkj sjg ijshjgo`s Dkìhj k` Jtrdgtj y ^`gdgfmj k` Vìv`h`f,s`lumkjs pjr C`r`gldrmj, dyukdgt` kì cmcimjt`fdrmj,y ì hmshèsmhj cmcimjt`fdrmj Hdidquèds, dk`häs k`V`v`rmgj, ì a`rcjidrmj, ds`smgdkj pjr Hdidquèds trdsk`sfucrmr ì imcrj qu` C`r`gldrmj adcèd `sfjgkmkjhm`gtrds hjrèd sunrm`gkj ijs `n`ftjs kì v`g`gj.

Ujr jtrj idkj, häs diiä k` ug ÿgmfj imcrj, ì dff`sj d

id mgnjrhdfmög tdhcmíg `stä r`strmglmkj `g `stdcmcimjt`fd. Vöij ì cmcimjt`fdrmj y su dyukdgt`, dsèfjhj Ourl`g, lrdfmds d su v`t`rdgèd, imk`rdzlj yfjgjfmhm`gtj k` ijs s`fr`tjs k` id dcdkèd, tm`g`gmglr`sj ldrdgtmzdkj d ijs njgkjs y pu`k`g dff`k`r dijs kjfuh`gtjs jrmlmgdi`s.

\miimdh k` Cdsb`rvmii` s` p`rfdtd kurdgt` sus

mgkdldfmjg`s k` qu` tjkj ì hmst`rmj s` r`suh` d idpjs`smög k` ug imcrj, kì qu` k`sfjgjf` fdsm tjkjp`rj kì qu` `s fjgsfm`gt` qu`, j hdtd j s` hdtd



30

pjr íi. Id mgv`stmldfmög pdrd k`sfucrmr föhj s`dff`k` d id cmcimjt`fd `vmtdgkj di cmcimjt`fdrmj,

fjgkuf` di k`sdstr` nmgdi, fudgkj Ourl`g trdtd, smgfjgs`lumrij, k` `gv`g`gdr d \miimdh y d su gjvmfmj

Dksj k` Hìb.

Nrustrdkj, Ourl`g auy` fjg ì imcrj d trdvís kìidc`rmgtj qu` fjgstmtuy` id cmcimjt`fd, p`rj `g idp`rs`fufmög ug fdgkmi fd` sjcr` dilugjs rjiijs y ìnu`lj s` `spdrf` hm`gtrds ì hjgo` k`vjrd sus ajods`gv`g`gdkds. @s `g `st` hjh`gtj, kurdgt` ìmgf`gkmj qu` fjgsuh` id cmcimjt`fd häs lrdgk` k` idfrmstmdgkdk, fjhj \miimdh id k`nmg`, fudgkj s` gjshu`strd qu` ijs imcrjs gj sjg mhpjrtdgt`s sm gj s`pu`k` sdivdr dgt`s ids vmkds auhdgds. \miimdhjrk`gd d Dksj qu` auyd k` ids iidhds y ì ojv`gjc`k`f` d p`sdr k` su t`hjr pjr ì lrdv` pìmlrj qu`fjrr` id vmkd k` su hd`strj, qum`g p`rhdg`f`rä `g idcmcimjt`fd qu` drk`, trdtdgkj k` sdivdr di h`gjs ugjs

fudgtjs k` tdg vdimjsjs ò`hpidr`s.6

@i dhjr kì hjgo` k` Cdsb`rvmii` pjr ijs imcrjs `s tdg lrdgk` qu``xpjg` id vmkd trdtdgkj k` sdivdrijs kì nu`lj, ij hmshj qu` ijsprjpm`tdrmjs k` imcrjs `g ’ Ndar`ga`mt ;04‘, fuyj t`hd y h`gsdo`sjg pdrd r`ni`xmjgdr. Adstd quí pugtj dfm`rtd id fm`gfmd nmffmög dipr`k`fmr ug nuturj k`struftmvdh`gt` smgm`strj pdrd ijs imcrjs2 adstdkögk` pu`k` ii`ldr ì vdijr qu` ì s`r auhdgj fjgf`k` d ijsimcrjs fudgkj `stä `g ou`lj id vmkd, fudgkj, sm tm`g` id su`rt` y

njrtdi`zd g`f`sdrmds pdrd sdivdrid, r`fmc` id jpjrtugmkdk k`fjgv`rtmrs` `g ug imcrj vmvm`gt`, h`hjrmzdgkj su fjgt`gmkj tjtdifjg id hmsmög y ì k`c`r k` trdgshmtmrij d jtrj s`r auhdgj.

6 SJV-HDS[MG, Hdrfjs. Ds`smgdtjs `g id dcdkèd pjr ug imcrj R`g

ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/;55/ds`smgdtjs-`g-id-dcdkmd-pjr-ug-imcrj/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj 3545)

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/400/asesinatos-en-la-abadia-por-un-libro/






3>

Fjg ì hmshj prjpösmtj, id amstjrmd ’Kì dhjr y jtrjs k`hjgmjs‘ gjs r`fu`rkd ijs jsfurjs tm`hpjs k` id f`gsurd kurdgt` id vmkd

fjijgmdi `g ì Vmlij Q^MMM. Fjhj ugd k` ids nugfmjg`s dtmg`gt`s dsu trdcdoj, ì jcmspj k` Fdrtdl`gd k` Mgkmds y su dsmst`gt`, ìpdkr` Fdy`tdgj, i``g imcrjs prjamcmkjs pjr id F`gsurd.-‐Id [`jkmf`d k` I`mcgmz„ - kmf` ì dsmst`gt`.-‐º@i pucimfdkj `g Udrès: Fjg tjkj y sus hdi`s `st` hugkj `s ì hòjr k` ijs hugkjs pjsmci`s„. ] ì jcmspj i` r`nutd? -‐@i hdi gj prjvm`g` k` Kmjs smgj k` su dus`gfmd„ -‐J k` gu`strj imcr` dic`krèj, fjhj kmf` I`mcgmz„ -‐@i hdi gj s` fu`stmjgd fjg id rdzög smgj fjg id n`„.

Ljttnrm`k \miaìh I`mcgmz, j smhpi`h`gt` I`mcgmz (4>;>-4<4>) nuùg nmiösjnj, hdt`hätmfj, ourmstd, cmcimjt`fdrmj y pjiètmfj di`häg. Pgj k` ijs lrdgk`s p`gsdkjr`s k` ijs smlijs Q^MM y Q^MMM. Vu jcrdhäs fjgjfmkd, ‐Id [aíjkmfí`„ nu` `sfrmtd fjhj tètuij k` ugd k`sus jcrds? ‐@gsdyj k` [`jkmf`d? Df`rfd k` id cjgkdk k` Kmjs, idimc`rtdk kì ajhcr` y ì jrml`g kì hdi„.

@i jcmspj tjhd jtrj imcrj k` id h`sd k` su dsmst`gt` y ij hmrd fjgr`prjfa`?-‐¡@fb`r! (:) Vmlu` prjamcmkj ºGj `s dsè:„ y ì sdf`rkjt` s`kmsfuipd?-‐U`gsdcd ludrkdrij `g ì Fdpètuij V`fr`tjs, su `xfì`gfmd„.

@i Vdgtj Jnmfmj k` id Mgqumsmfmög ò`rfèd, `gtr` jtrds nugfmjg`s, ìfjgtrji y id f`gsurd k` imcrjs y pjs``r ug imcrj r`lmstrdkj `g ì‐Mgk`x Imcrjruh Urjamcmtjruh„ (Ègkmf` k` imcrjs prjamcmkjs) pjkèd

pdldrs` fjg p`gd k` hu`rt`. Vu ÿitmhd `kmfmög kdtd k` 4=;1 y,dugqu` s` smlum`rjg mgfjrpjrdgkj tètuijs adstd 4=>4, ugdprjvmsmög k` 4=>> k`fr`tö qu` gj s` smlum`rd r`gjvdgkj. @i Mgkmf`fjgt`gèd gjhcr`s k` dutjr`s fuyds jcrds `stdcdg prjamcmkds `gsu tjtdimkdk, jcrds dmsidkds k` jtrjs dutjr`s j dgögmhds ytdhcmíg ug k`tdiidkj r`p`rtjrmj k` ijs fdpètuijs, pälmgds j ièg`dsqu` k`cèdg s`r fjrtdkjs j tdfadkjs. @std idcjr fjrr`spjgkèd dijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs, qu` k`cèdg jfupdrs` k` ìids dgt`s k` kòdr ijs

imcrjs `g hdgjs k` ijs i`ftjr`s.

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz






http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1646


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%B3sofo

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tico

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurista

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotecario

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtico

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania

http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9odic%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser_humano

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser_humano



http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtico

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotecario

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurista

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tico

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%B3sofo







3<

Fudgkj `g ì df`rvj k` ids cmcimjt`fds s` ijfdimzdcd imcrjsmgfiumkjs `g ijs ègkmf`s k` prjamcmkjs j `xpurldkjs, s` i`s

fjijfdcd `g `stdgt`s s`pdrdkjs, `gròdkjs y fjg id mgkmfdfmög"Vjg k` ijs prjamcmkjs". D `st` lrupj k` imcrjs y `stdgt`rèd s` iìidhdcd "@i mgnm`rgj". Vöij pjkèdg s`r fjgsuitdkjs pjr ì Urmjr j ìS`ftjr kì fji`lmj, j pjr dquìijs usudrmjs qu` ijlrdcdg ugp`rhmsj `sp`fmdi.

D p`sdr k` id vmlmidgfmd y fjgtrji ò`rfmkjs pjr ids dutjrmkdk`sfmvmi`s y `fi`smästmfds, aucj ug mgt`gsj fjgtrdcdgkj k` imcrjs. Idtífgmfd `rd pdsdrijs jfuitjs `g cdrrmi`s k` vmgj, tjgì`s k` nrutds`fd j `g fdods k` kjci` njgkj. @rdg h`rfdgfèds pdldkds d huycu`g pr`fmj y vdièd id p`gd ì rm`slj.

K` id hdgj fjg id mlgjrdgfmd y id ijfurd ady ugd pdt`gt`k`hjstrdfmög k` sjc`rcmd y pjk`r pjr pdrt` kì jcmspj sjcr` ìsucjrkmgdkj `g id `sf`gd kì fjh`kjr?-‐¡[` `sp`rj pdrd fjh`r!„ -kmf` ì jcmspj.

] fjh`. Vöij qu` gj jnr`f` gdkd di pdkr` Fdy`tdgj, qum`g s` v`jcimldkj d i``r pdrd su o`n` qu` ij mgt`rruhp` d fdkd hjh`gtj k`hdg`rd lrjs`rd ` mrr`sp`tujsd fjg ljip`s k` ijs fucm`rtjs fjgtrdì pidtj k` pjrfìdgd, fdkd v`z qu` gj `stä k` dfu`rkj fjg id`gtjgdfmög kdkd d id i`fturd.-‐¡I`èkj dsè, Drmstötì`s pm`rk` tjkd su fidrmkdk!„.

] fjhj ì dsmst`gt`, mgföhjkj y auhmiidkj, tdi v`z fjg adhcr`,s` i`vdgtd pdrd sdimr, i` jrk`gd fjg nmrh`zd y fdihd tjtdi?

-‐V`lumräs i`y`gkj ºgj:„

@g id jnmfmgd kì jcmspj ady imcrjs sjcr` ids h`sds y `g dgdquì`sf`rrdkjs. [dhcmíg ady imcrjs `g id jnmfmgd k` id dcdk`sd kìfjgv`gtj k` Vdgtd Fidrd, d kjgk` ì jcmspj `gvèd cdoj jrk`g k`k`t`gfmög d Vm`rvd Hdrèd, id gmôd hjrkmkd pjr ug p`rrj rdcmjsj,s`ôdi mg`quèvjfd k` qu` `stä pjs`èkd pjr ì k`hjgmj.

Fudgkj ì jcmspj `gfdrld ì fdsj k` id gmôd d su dsmst`gt`, ìpdkr` Fdy`tdgj, íst` fjgt`std hm`gtrds fm`rrd ì imcrj qu`jfupdrd su i`fturd?



31

-‐Gj sjy `xjrfmstd, pdkr`. Gj t`glj ì fdräft`r gm id njrhdfmög.º] id Cmcimjt`fd kì ^dtmfdgj: H` a` `stdkj pr`pdrdgkj pdrd

`sj„.

@i jcmspj i` qumtd k` ids hdgjs ì imcrj y kmf` hm`gtrds jcs`rvd idfucm`rtd?-‐¡Ldrfmidsj! Gj gjhcrd d Kmjs häs qu` ug pdr k` v`f`s `g tjkdsu jcrd„. -‐Pg pjfj häs„ -drluh`gtd Fdy`tdgj -‐U`rj gj `s gdkd rdrj `gijs cu`gjs fdtöimfjs kì S`gdfmhm`gtj„.

@g ’Adrry Ujtt`r y id fähdrd s`fr`td‘, ì prjn`sjr Ijfbadrt, ndhjsj`sfrmtjr k` imcrjs k` hdlmd qu` v`gk` íi hmshj `g ids imcr`rèds yqu` sjg fjgourjs pidlmdkjs d jtrjs hdljs, di mludi qu` sudutjcmjlrdnèd, qu` d v`f`s jcs`qumd pdrd adf`r prjpdldgkd k` sèhmshj, kmf` fudgkj auy` fjcdrk`h`gt` dgt` ì pìmlrj?- ‐Ijs imcrjs pu`k`g h`gtmr. Hms imcrjs gj s` v`gk`rèdg sm idsp`rsjgds gj fr`y`rdg qu` a` a`faj `stds fjsds„.] `g pdidcrds kì hdlj ^jit`hjrt?

- ‐Hmrd ì kdôj qu` ug tjgtj imcrj pu`k` adf`r, sjcr` tjkj sm ijtm`g` ugd gmôd mgl`gud„.

Dsè hmshj, `g ’Id amstjrmd smg nmg 4‘, ì hmst`rmjsj imcr`rj kmf` dCdstmdg?- ‐Ijs imcrjs qu` tÿ i``s sjg s`lurjs. @st` imcrj gj `s pdrd tm„.

Jodiä tjkjs i`yírdhjs dsè. Fjg id hmshd dt`gfmög, mgt`rís,fjgf`gtrdfmög y tjtdi vmv`gfmd k` ij `sfrmtj fjg ijs qu` `st` gmôj

s` zdhcuii` `g ids pdidcrds mhpr`sds kì imcrj. Gj i` mhpjrtd idiiuvmd gm ì vm`gtj qu` p`g`trdg pjr id v`gtdgd, gm ì nrèj qu` pu`k`v`gf`rs` fjg ugd hdgtd sjcr` id `spdikd, gm ì adhcr` qu` s`hmtmld fjg ugd nrutd. @g `sjs hjh`gtjs, su dihd y su fu`rpj, sur`spmrdfmög y ids pdipmtdfmjg`s kì p`qu`ôj fjrdzög `xmst`g söijpdrd i``r.

] fjgtmgÿd `g ’Id amstjrmd smg nmg 3‘. @i hmshj s`ôjr Bjr`dgk`r,

ku`ôj k` id imcr`rèd, fudgkj Cdstmdg `gtrd pjr s`lugkd v`z,dugqu` `g `std jfdsmög yd sdc` ij qu` cusfd?-‐Gj i`ds `s` imcrj. [` `xmlmrèd k`hdsmdkj„



3=

-‐U`rj yd ij a` i`èkj„ -‐¡Vè! U`rj s`rèd id s`lugkd v`z. Ady imcrjs qu` fdhcmdg fdkd v`z

qu` ijs i``s„.

Uu`s sè. [jkjs qum`g`s dilugd v`z `g id vmkd a`hjs r`p`tmkj idi`fturd k` ug imcrj sdc`hjs qu` `s fm`rtj. Fdkd v`z qu` ugj i``ì hmshj imcrj, fjhpr`gk` dilj qu` smhpi`h`gt` gj `gt`gkmö `gid prmh`rd i`fturd j `gfu`gtrd dilj k` ij qu` gj s` p`rfdtö j gjvmj id v`z dgt`rmjr. A` dquè jtrj k` ijs `gfdgtjs kì imcrj.

] `g ’Dcrdfdkdcrd‘, ì gmôj a`famzdkj y fjgv`rtmkj `g ldtj g`lrjtr`sfm`gtjs dôjs dträs, s` r`nm`r` k` `std hdg`rd di ‐Imcrj k``gfdgtdhm`gtjs„?- ‐K` `st` imcrj gj sdikrä gdkd cu`gj„.

[di fjhj `xmst`g imcrjs prjamcmkjs pjr ì cm`g, pu`s smrv`g d ndvjrkì hdi, ady imcrjs qu` `g hdgjs k` ijs cu`gjs fjgkuf`g d idk`struffmög k` ijs hdijs. K` daè qu` s`dg ijs amojs kì hdiqum`g`s trdtdg k` k`sdpdr`f`rijs.

Odr`k Lrdf`, ì gmôj r`cìk` k` ’Ids frögmfds k` Vpmk`rwmfb‘,k`sfucr` ugd adcmtdfmög s`fr`td `g id fdsd k` sus dgt`pdsdkjs.

Diiè, `gtr` vmòjs imcrjs fucm`rtjs pjr ugd lru`sd fdpd k` pjivj,`gfu`gtrd ug imcrj dtdkj fjg fmgtds y sìidkj fjg idfr`, di fudi s`dkougtd ugd gjtd `sfrmtd jfa`gtd dôjs dgt`s pjr ì tèj dcuìj,

Drtaur Vpmk`rwmfb, qu` kmf`? ‐Dkv`rt`gfmd? Gj t` dtr`vds `st` imcrjd i``r, pu`s tu k`stmgj t`rrmci` pu`k` s`r…„

Vpmk`rwmfb `sfrmcmö ` miuströ ì imcrj s`fr`tj qu` trdtd k` s`r`sndcuijsjs, dilugjs cu`gjs, jtrjs hdiínmfjs y t`rrmci`s, qu` `xmst`g`gtr` ì hugkj r`di y ì hugkj k` id ndgtdsèd? [rdsljs, ìnjs,lrmnjs, jlrjs y kmv`rsds frmdturds hälmfds. U`rj Odr`k pdsö pjrditj id dkv`rt`gfmd y jctuvj mgnjrhdfmög prjamcmkd, pjr s`rpìmlrjsd, pjr r`pr`s`gtdr ug fjgjfmhm`gtj qu` cm`g `hpi`dkjpjr auhdgjs cu`gjs, `s k` mgt`rís vmtdi, j hjrtdi, s`lÿg s` v`d,pdrd ijs hdijs. @s smhmidr d ug fdsj k` f`gsurd, mludi d id

mhpu`std pjr ijs fiírmljs mgqumsmtjrmdi`s k` adf` dilugjs smlijs,häs cm`g, dôjs, y pjr ijs ljc`rgdgt`s fjrruptjs k` ajy y k`sm`hpr`.



65

Ijs hjgstrujs, imk`rdkjs pjr ì jlrj Huildrdta, cusfdg

k`s`sp`rdkdh`gt` ì imcrj, qu` d trdvís k` kmcuojs y nörhuidshälmfds `gs`ôd ids hdg`rds fjhj s` pu`k` fjgtrjidrijs yv`gf`rijs. Ujr `sj ì dutjr `xpimfd d ijs gmôjs?-‐Huildrdta qum`r` ì pjk`r qu` kd ì fjgjfmhm`gtj„.

[dhcmíg pjr `sj ijs hjgstrujs ru`ldg di jlrj?-‐Dhj, k`c` k`strumr ì imcrj„.

Udidcrds prjgugfmdkds k` hdg`d t`xtudi, jfa`gtd dôjs dgt`s pjrid p`qu`ôd, mgvmsmci` ` mgtìml`gt` rdtd ludrkmdgd kì imcrjprjamcmkj y qu`, `gtr` jtrds ndgtdsèds, `s id fdusdgt` k` qu` ijsimcrjs s` hu`vdg sjijs `g ijs dgdquì`s, dugqu` ì `sp`ftdkjrgj pu`kd v`rid.

D trdvís k` id amstjrmd s` ad `sfufadkj fjg nr`fu`gfmd id vjz kùg k`h`gt` mgfmtdgkj d ndgätmfjs s`lumkjr`s mlgjrdgt`s? Ady qu`k`strumr ijs imcrjs. U`rj ijs hjgstrujs p`rsmlu`g d ijs gmôjs y,

rjtj ì fèrfuij k` prjt`ffmög, dtdfdg id fdsd `g kjgk` s` jfuitdgfjg id hdkr`, pdrd dku`ôdrs` kì imcrj prjamcmkj y k`strumrij. Ijsgmôjs drrjodg ì imcrj di nu`lj… söij qu` íst` s` dpdld y ì imcrjs` fjgs`rvd nrmj, mgtdftj, pu`s s` `gfu`gtrd a`famzdkj yÿgmfdh`gt` pu`k` k`strumrij su dutjr y prjpm`tdrmj. Ij hmshj qu`ì imcrj k` ids cruods Dgk`rsjg. ºUjkrèd k`fmrs` y adf`rs` ijhmshj `g id dftudimkdk df`rfd k` ijs imcrjs ì`ftrögmfjs, kmlmtdi`s,vmrtudi`s j p`rt`g`fm`gt`s d fudiqum`r hjkdimkdk `xmst`gt` `g idsr`k`s k` mgnjrhdfmög ugmv`rsdi, d prjpösmtj k` pmrdt`rèd `kmtjrmdi,

pidlmj y k`struffmög k` jcrds fm`gtènmfds, tífgmfds, nmijsönmfds jimt`rdrmds:

^jivm`gkj ug pjfj dträs, tdi v`z s`d fm`rtj qu`, `g jfdsmjg`s, adyk`t`rhmgdkds fjsds qu` `s hòjr gj fjgjf`r. Hdiijry, a`rhdgdhdyjr k` Odr`k y Vmhjg, r`frmhmgd di prmh`rj?-‐¡@i imcrj `stdcd dquè, fjg ugd dkv`rt`gfmd qu` k`fèd ‐¡Gj i``r!„ ysmg `hcdrlj ij i`èst`!„.

Dsè qu` Odr`k, yd fjrr`lmkj k` su g`fmd r`cìkèd, cusfd `g ìhdgmfjhmj d id tèd Iufmgkd, amod k` Drtaur, qu` r`spjgk` dgt` susru`ljs k` dyukd?



64

-‐@st` imcrj söij ad trdèkj k`slrdfmds y sunrmhm`gtjs d hm ndhmimd„.

Ujr jtrd pdrt`, fudgkj dilum`g s` mghmsfuy` `g dquìij qu` gj i`fjrr`spjgk`, fdsm sm`hpr` fjrr` ì pìmlrj k` qu` gdkm` i` fr`d.@s ij qu` suf`k` fudgkj ijs gmôjs fu`gtdg id v`rkdk d su hdkr`y ìid, huy s`rmd, i`s r`spjgk`?-‐Dsè qu` `gfjgtrdrjg `st` imcrj, qu` adcid k` föhj v`r adkds,ku`gk`s y `spèrmtus kì cjsqu`„ ºDa:

@g jtrj tm`hpj, `sf`gdrmj y drluh`gtj, id p`qu`ôd ’Hdtmikd‘

dpr`gk` `g ijs imcrjs k` id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd tjkj ij qu` su pdkrì` gm`ld di gj p`rhmtmri` mr d id `sfuìd. ] id cmcimjt`fdrmd, ugddhdci` huo`r k` pìj cidgfj, dgt`jojs, pjr supu`stj, v`stmkds`lÿg id fjstuhcr` k` su ípjfd y su `kdk y fjgsfm`gt` kìpidf`r qu` id i`fturd prjpjrfmjgd d `std gmôd, id jrm`gtd y fjidcjrdpr`stägkji` tdgtjs imcrjs, qu` Hdtmikd g`f`smtd ugd fdrr`tmiid k`

oulu`t` pdrd ii`vdrijs d su fdsd. Vöij qu` su pdkr`, dik`sfucrmrid, rjhp` ijs imcrjs smg mhpjrtdri` ids `xpimfdfmjg`s k` idgmôd gm ì a`faj k` qu` nu`rdg prjpm`kdk k` id cmcimjt`fd. @i

hmshj pdkr` qu` s` `xpr`sd k` `std hdg`rd?-º„Pg imcrj: º] pdrd quí qum`r`s ug imcrj: Daè tm`g`s id tì`vmsmög`g nr`gt`2 ¡hèrdid! Pg imcrj gj t` kd ij qu` id tì`vmsmög… y `s häsräpmkd„.

Hdtmikd gj `s id ÿgmfd p`rsjgmtd mgt`r`sdkd `g id i`fturd. Idp`qu`ôd Fr``s`, ugd k` ids pupmids `gfjh`gkdkds d ’Gdggy

HfUa``‘, id gmô`rd hälmfd, jnr`f` ug imcrj d su pdkr`, sm`hpr`jfupdkj, di tm`hpj qu` pmk` fjg su mgndgtmi vjf`fmtd qu` k`gjtd id

miusmög k` ugd dv`gturd?-‐¡Ií`gjs!„ y su prjl`gmtjr r`spjgk`? -‐[`glj qu` `sfrmcmr hufads fdrtds. [di v`z hdôdgd„. ] sdi` kìd difjcd smg smqum`rd gjtdr ids fdrds trmst`s y k`smiusmjgdkds k`sus amojs. [jkj ij jpu`stj d id dhjrjsd hdhä qu` i`` fu`gtjs dsus amojs, mgfiuy`gkj di lmldgt`sfj hufadfaj dkjptdkj `g ’Pg

su`ôj pjsmci`‘.

Fidrj qu` `g fm`rtds fmrfugstdgfmds s`rèd pr`n`rmci` qu` gdkm` s`tjhdrd ì trdcdoj k` i``r pdrd ijs gmôjs. Ujr ò`hpij, id fjh`kmkdhjgod kì mgt`rgdkj qu` d id ajrd k` kjrhmr i`` pdrd ijs gmôjs



63

fm`ljs, yd h`tmkjs `g sus r`sp`ftmvds fdhds kì kjrhmtjrmjl`g`rdi?

-‐º@g kögk` gjs qu`kdhjs dy`r: Dcdoj, `g ì mgnm`rgj, ijskmdcijs s` quòdg2 cidsn`hdg y lrmtdg fjsds ajrrmci`s. Daè ijsfjgk`gdkjs sunrmräg ì fdstmlj pjr ijs p`fdkjs fjh`tmkjs.

Dilugjs s`räg qu`hdkjs `g df`mt` amrvm`gkj, `g sdrt`g`sfjijfdkjs sjcr` ug nu`lj qu` gugfd s` dpdldrä„.

Dgt` `std ijfurd, ì p`qu`ôj Hmrfj, ì gu`vj, trdtd k` gj`sfufadrid fucrmígkjs` fjg id hdgtd y p`gsdgkj `g jtrds fjsds.@s ì hmshj gmôj fm`lj qu` k`sfrmc` dsè ijs fjijr`s d Nìmz, jtrjmgvmk`gt`?-‐…dzui fjhj ì vm`gtj qu` t` ljip`d id fdrd fudgkj vds `gcmfmfi`td, ’Sjoj fjhj ì fmìj‘ kì dtdrk`f`r j fjhj ì nu`lj„.

ºK` quí smrv` ugd i`fturd k` t`rrjr fjhj `sd, sm `s hmi v`f`spr`n`rmci` qu` ijs gmôjs gj id `sfufa`g: ºFuäi `s ì prjpösmtj k`cdrcdrmkdk`s s`hòdgt`s: @vmk`gt`h`gt` gj `s ì k`sp`rtdr idfurmjsmkdk gm hufaj h`gjs ì dhjr pjr ijs imcrjs y su i`fturd.

’Njjtijjs`‘ `s ugd hu`strd k` föhj `g id kífdkd k` 4=15,hufajs dôjs k`spuís k` adc`r k`sdpdr`fmkj ijs Vdgtjs[rmcugdi`s k` id Mgqumsmfmög `g ì hugkj, id Ougtd kmr`ftmvd kùgd `sfuìd s`fugkdrmd `g Cjhjgt, ug p`qu`ôj pu`cij k` ijs@stdkjs Pgmkjs, jrk`gd qu`hdr ijs gu`vjs imcrjs pjrfjgsmk`rdrijs pìmlrjsjs pdrd id njrhdfmög hjrdi k` sus`stukmdgt`s. Cjhjgt, kjgk` ì Sjfb dgk rjii `s p`fdkj y ijsdkji`sf`gt`s `sfrmc`g pj`hds k` dhjr `g ids rumgds k` id vmòd

näcrmfd pdrd gj s`r fjgk`gdkjs di mgnm`rgj pjr ì pdstjr VadwHjjr`.

-‐S`v`r`gkj. [`g`hjs ug p`qu`ôj prjci`hd. Jè qu` ì prjn`sjrk` mgliís pm`gsd `gs`ôdr `s` imcrj. ‐Hdtdk`rj 0„. ºGj `s uggjhcr` ajrrmci`:„

-‐@s… `s ug fiäsmfj„. Mgt`rvm`g` S`g HfFjrhdfb, ì `stukmdgt`

njrdst`rj.-‐¡Tumzäs s`d ug fiäsmfj, p`rj `g jtrjs pu`cijs!„ Fjgt`std idhdkr` fjgs`rvdkjrd.



66

-‐[jh Vdwy`r `s ug fiäsmfj„. Fjhpi`h`gtd su `spjsj.

@hp`ôdkj `g su fdhpdôd, ugj k` ijs hjrdimstds `gtr`ld ugimcrj di pdstjr.-‐ºTuí `s `stj, Sjl`r: Gj fjgjzfj `st` imcrj„. -‐V` `gfjgtrö `g ugj k` ijs ijfb`rs k` dti`tmshj. Pg imcrj fjhjíst` k`c`rèd qu`hdrs`. K`c`rèdhjs mr d id cmcimjt`fd y `xtrd`r`std fjrrupfmög„. -‐Gj k`c`rèdhjs fjgv`rtmrij `g dilj häs lrdgk` k` ij qu` `s„. -‐¡]d gjs k`samfmhjs kì prjn`sjr k` mgliís. ] gj fjgtdhjs fjgsu dpjyj pdrd gdkd!„.

Vmg `hcdrlj, ugjs fuägtjs ndgätmfjs ijlrdg qu`hdr dilugjsimcrjs k` id cmcimjt`fd k` id `sfuìd. @i pdstjr ad `gtrdkj `grdzög. Vöij fjgk`gd ì cdmi` pjr ì fjgtdftj nèsmfj qu` `xmtd `mgkuf` di p`fdkj. Gj `stä k` dfu`rkj y hu`strd smgf`rjk`sdlrdkj fjg id vmji`gtd k`struffmög k` ijs imcrjs.

- ‐ºTuí adräg k`spuís k` qu`hdr ístjs:„ ¡Vdtdgäs gj `stä `g`stjs imcrjs! ¡@stä dquè dk`gtrj `g sus fjrdzjg`s! ¡^dydg d fdsd

y oÿzlu`gs` d sè hmshjs!„.

Häs tdrk` y k`cmkj d qu` id Ougtd k` pdkr`s k` ndhmimd häsdilugjs prjn`sjr`s y pjiètmfjs, tjkjs `gfdc`zdkjs pjr ì pdstjrHjjr`, prjaèc`g id r`dimzdfmög kì cdmi` k` lrdkudfmög, Drmì, iddkji`sf`gt` y r`cìk` amod kì pdstjr, `gtr`ld d Sjg ugd cmcimd `gid qu` ad s`ôdidkj dilugjs dpdrt`s. Dsè qu`, dgmhdkj ynjrtdi`fmkj fjg `std dyukd, `g pdrt` t`rr`gdi y `g pdrt` kmvmgd, ì

ojv`g s` pr`s`gtd `g s`smög kì Fjgsòj hugmfmpdi y sjimfmtd id

dcjimfmög k` id I`y qu` prjaèc` cdmidr. @xpr`sd qu` k`sk` idsípjfds häs dgtmluds id l`gt` cdmiö pjr guh`rjsjs hjtmvjs y i``ì sdihj 4;=, fjhpi`h`gtdkj fjg i`fturds tjhdkds k` Kdvmk ykì @fi`smdstís. Ids sdlrdkds `sfrmturds smrv`g k` cds`mgkmsfutmci` pdrd k`hjstrdr qu` ì fdgtj y id kdgzd tdhcmíg sjgug h`kmj pdrd didcdr d Kmjs.

@i pjk`r k` id mgnjrhdfmög fjgt`gmkd `g ijs imcrjs `s ì t`hjr k`

ijs tmrdgjs y k` ijs mlgjrdgt`s. Ujr `sj ijs k`struy`g, gj mhpjrtdqu` s`d g`f`sdrmj, y gdturdi, qu`hdr d ijs i`ftjr`s ougtj fjg sus



6;

imcrjs y sus fdsds. ºDfdsj `s ístd ugd pr`hjgmfmög k` idmgqumsmfmög kì nuturj, tdi fjhj suf`kmö `g ì pdsdkj:

@i ajhcr` tm`g` url`gfmd pjr k`sfucrmr y fjgjf`r jtrds v`rkdk`s.@i ajhcr`, k` fudiqum`r fjgkmfmög, sdc` qu` `g ijs imcrjs ady diljqu` íi mlgjrd. ] qum`g dpr`fmd ì v`rkdk`rj vdijr k` ij qu``gfm`rrdg ijs imcrjs, iufad pjr ìijs j ijs utmimzd pdrd p`roukmfdr djtrjs y pdrd dkqumrmr häs pjk`r, fjhj ì a`rhdgj Ourl`g y ìmgqumsmkjr C`rgdrkj Luy, fjhj amzj Hmikr`k, id r`s`gtmkd `spjsdkì cjhc`rj Hjgtdl pdrd sdivdrs` d sè hmshd, dfusdgkj d suhdrmkj k` `sfjgk`r imcrjs `g id fdsd fudgkj id pjs`smög k` ugimcrj `rd ì kìmtj häs lrdv` qu` pjkèd fjh`t`r ug fmukdkdgj, jfjhj amzj ì hmshj Hjgtdl pdrd fdstmldr d ijs cjhc`rjsmgf`gkmdrmjs k` imcrjs y p`rsjgds.

"Diiè kjgk` qu`hdg imcrjs, dfdcdg qu`hdgkj ajhcr`s". A`mgrmfaA`mg` (4134).

Id cmcimjfdstmd j k`struffmög k` imcrjs h`kmdgt` ì nu`lj ad smkj

ug r`fursj `hpi`dkj `g k`t`rhmgdkds fjhugmkdk`s pjrkmn`r`gt`s mgkmvmkujs y lrupjs k` p`rsjgds fjhj ug mgt`gtj pdrdìmhmgdr ids mk`ds, id `xmst`gfmd, id r`dimkdk k` jtrjs d qum`g`s s`pr`t`gk` cjrrdr k` id h`hjrmd fji`ftmvd, nèsmfd ` mgtì`ftudi.

Id qu`hd k` imcrjs gj `s `xtrdôd. S`fjrk`hjs ’Mgkmdgd Ojg`s y id

ÿitmhd Fruzdkd‘ `g ugd kdgt`sfd `sf`gd fudgkj ids trjpds kÀmti`r miuhmgdrjg id gjfa` k` hufads fmukdk`s di`hdgds fjg ugdajlu`rd k` imcrjs fjgsmk`rdkjs dgtm di`hdg`s, `v`gtj r`di

jfurrmkj ì 45 k` Hdyj k` 4=66, y qu` `g id Amstjrmd s` fjgjf`fjhj ‐@i cmcimjfdustj gdzm„.

Crugj, k` jfaj dôjs, ’@i gmôj fjg ì pmodhd d rdyds‘, amoj kìl`g`rdi gdzm d fdrlj k` ug fdhpj k` fjgf`gtrdfmög kurdgt` idV`lugkd Lu`rrd Hugkmdi, kmf` di tutjr qu` i` pr`lugtd?-‐ºDilugd v`z ads i`èkj dilj:„ -‐¡Vm! Imcrjs. K` dv`gturds, k` fdcdii`rjs y prmgf`sds cjcds„.

-‐Cu`gj. ]d `s tm`hpj k` qu` fjgjzfds ì hugkj r`di.] i` `gtr`ld ug lru`sj vjiuh`g k` Amstjrmd k` Di`hdgmd, s`lÿgijs gdzms, di fudi smlu`g t`xtjs `xfiusmvdh`gt` dgtms`hmtds. K`



60

daè qu` su a`rhdgd k` kjf` dôjs, pm`gsd, s` `xpr`sd y dftÿdfjhj ugd p`rsjgd k`fmkmkdh`gt` `g`hmld k` ijs oukèjs.

@stj gjs r`fu`rkd qu` odhäs id amstjrmd `sfrmtd `s mludi d id qu`s` fjgjf` nu`rd k` ijs imcrjs, pjrqu` `stjs sjg prjkuftj k` idmhp`rn`ffmög auhdgd y `stäg sjh`tmkjs di p`gsdhm`gtj, idsmgfimgdfmjg`s pjiètmfds, rìmlmjsds, rdfmdi`s, s`xudi`s, y d ijskmv`rsjs ndgdtmshjs qu` dquòdg d ijs amstjrmdkjr`s, k` fudiqum`rpdès y `g fudi`squm`rd ípjfds.

@stj `s cm`g sdcmkj k`sk` tm`hpjs mgh`hjrmdi`s, mgfiusmv` dgt`sk` qu` ’@i drfd k` Gjí‘ nu`rd mgstruh`gtj kmvmgj pdrd qu` ugdndhmimd auhdgd y ugd pdròd k` fdkd `sp`fm` dgmhdi sdivdrdg susvmkds `g ì Kmiuvmj ugmv`rsdi. Fudgkj Gjí, dkv`rtmkj pjr Kmjs,ijlrd `sfdpdr fjg su `spjsd y sus amojs k` id ajrr`gkdk`struffmög k` Vjkjhd y id fmukdk v`fmgd, Ljhjrrd,cjhcdrk`dkds k`sk` ì fmìj pjr ugd iiuvmd k` nu`lj, ugd v`zs`lurjs k` `gfjgtrdrs` d sdivj Gjí s` dtr`v` d `xpr`sdr d su`spjsd id pr`jfupdfmög qu` ij `hcdrld pjr id su`rt` qu` pukm`rd

adc`r fjrrmkj su hòjr y tdi v`z ÿgmfj dhmlj?-‐H` pr`lugtj sm Ijt `sfdpdrèd„ -‐Vm gj ij amzj sjhjs ijs ÿgmfjs qu` sdc`hjs quí i`s suf`kmö dVjkjhd y Ljhjrrd„ -‐[di v`z dilÿg kèd fjgjzfdhjs d ug `sfrmcd y fu`gt` tjkj pdrdqu` ids l`g`rdfmjg`s nuturds s`pdg ij qu` suf`kmö„ -‐Gj pu`k`s fjgnmdr `g ìijs. Ijs `sfrmcds tm`g`g huy hdidr`putdfmög… fdhcmdg ids fjsds. Udrd fudgkj t`rhmg`g id amstjrmdk` Vjkjhd y Ljhjrrd kmräg qu` gm smqum`rd `stuvmhjs diiè„.

Vdcmds pdidcrds k` id huo`r k` Gjí. Mgkukdci`h`gt` h`r`fèd s`rsdivdkd k` id hu`rt` pdrd ugd häs mgtìml`gt` `tdpd k` r`-prjfr`dfmög auhdgd.

U`rj gj pjk`hjs tmpmnmfdr k` hdg`rd tdg krästmfd d ijs `sfrmtjr`s.Pg lrupj k` prjn`sjr`s `sp`fmdimzdkjs `g ids kmn`r`gt`s är`ds kìsdc`r adg vmvmkj ougtjs kurdgt` vdrmjs dôjs, r`fiumkjs `g ugd

r`smk`gfmd smtudkd d ids dnu`rds k` G`w ]jrb, `hp`ôdkjs `g idìdcjrdfmög k` ugd dhcmfmjsd `gfmfijp`kmd qu` dcdrfdrd tjkj ìfjgjfmhm`gtj auhdgj. Id hdyjr pdrt` kì trdcdoj qu` r`dimzdg s`



6>

k`sdrrjiid `g id lrdg cmcimjt`fd k` id fdsjgd, p`rj fjg ì pdsj kìtm`hpj ì r`suitdkj k` su idcjr s` tjrgd jcsji`tj pu`s ì hugkj

dvdgzd hm`gtrds ìijs mlgjrdg ijs fdhcmjs qu` suf`k`g, mgfiusmv``g dsugtjs dpdr`gt`h`gt` trmvmdi`s fjhj ijs kmdi`ftjs y`xpr`smjg`s pjpuidr`s. K`sfucr`g didrhdkjs qu` su tdgdpr`fmdkd `gfmfijp`kmd `stä dgtmfudkd k`sk` dgt`s k` v`r id iuz.

Vjg sdcmjs y sdc`g df`rfd k` tjkj, `xf`ptj sjcr` id hdg`rd k`vmvmr qu` ii`vdg ijs k`häs auhdgjs r`smk`gt`s `g ì `xt`rmjr k`su fdsd-`stukmj. K` tdi njrhd qu` id ii`ldkd k` Vuldrpuss, ugdcdmidrmgd k` fdcdr`t, fjhj ugd ’Cjid k` nu`lj‘, r`pr`s`gtd ugmgh`gsj y pidf`gt`rj pdrígt`sms k` rìdodhm`gtj gj söij `g ìdsp`ftj nèsmfj smgj tdhcmíg mgtì`ftudi. ] fjhj `s k` sdcmjsdpr`gk`r, ìijs tdhcmíg `stäg kmspu`stjs d mgt`gtdr ijs pdsjs kìd fjgld y d fjgjf`r ì kuif` smlgmnmfdkj k` id `xpr`smög yuh-yuh.;

ºV`rä fm`rtj qu` id sdcmkurèd vd k` id hdgj fjg ì smi`gfmj, idsji`kdk y ì r`fjlmhm`gtj: Ujrqu` sm `s dsè k` `strmftd… ¡Tuí

dcurrmkj k`c` r`suitdr s`r ug sdcmj!

U`rj sm t`g`hjs `g fu`gtd d ijs dutjr`s, `s k` oustmfmd r`s`rvdrug smtmj mludih`gt` k`stdfdkj pdrd ijs i`ftjr`s.

- ‐@xmst` ug kjg `xtrdjrkmgdrmj… dilugjs fu`gtd fu`gtjs, di i``r`g vjz ditd pu`k`g kdr vmkd d ijs p`rsjgdo`s, `h`rlm`gkj k` ijsimcrjs adfmd gu`strj hugkj. Ujr `sj, dilugjs ijs iidhdg I`gludk` cru oj„.

Vjg ids pdidcrds kì gdrrdkjr qu` dsè gjs mgtrjkuf` `g ’Fjrdzög

k` tmgtd‘, pìèfuid ii`gd k` imcrjs, i`ftjr`s y p`rsjgdo`s dgsmjsjsk` qu` dilum`g i`s i`d.

; Cjid k` nu`lj. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//ìldcmg`t`kìkjftjrhdcus`.wjrkpr`ss.fjh/355=/51/45/cji

d-k`-nu`lj-cdii-jn-nmr`-4=;4-k`-ajwdrk-adwbs/ (Fjgsuitd dcrmi 33k` 3544)

http://elgabinetedeldoctormabuse.wordpress.com/2009/08/10/bola-de-fuego-ball-of-fire-1941-de-howard-hawks/






6<

Dilugjs k` ijs p`rsjgdo`s `xtrdèkjs k` ijs imcrjs sjgk`sdihdkjs. Gj tm`g`g sdglr` `g ids v`gds fudgkj s` trdtd k`

adf`r ì hdi, pjrqu` vmígkjij cm`g ºTuí jtrd fjsd pjkrèd ii`gdrsu fjrdzög, smgj id tmgtd qu` ijs `gl`gkrö di k`sfrmcmrijs:

Ady runmdg`s, krdljg`s, ugmfjrgmjs, hmgjtdurjs y jtrjs s`r`s`xtrdèkjs k` ijs fu`gtjs pjr Hjrtmh`r y su kjg k` trdgspjrtdrijsdi hugkj r`di. Vöij qu`, d fdhcmj, su `spjsd Iumsd nu`supu`stdh`gt` trdgspjrtdkd di hugkj mgt`rmjr, y nmftmfmj, k` ugimcrj tmtuidkj ‐Fjrdzög k` tmgtd„, kì fudi, Hjrtmh`r, `gfudk`rgdkjry r`stdurdkjr k` imcrjs, ougtj fjg su amod H`llm`, k` kjf` dôjs,adg cusfdkj ugd fjpmd kurdgt` gu`v` k` `sjs kjf`, pjr hufajspdès`s k` @urjpd.

- ‐Id pdidcrd `sfrmtd `s pìmlrjsd2 `sp`rj qu` ij r fu`rk`s„ -kmf`d id gmôd, id dgfmdgd y rmfd tmd-dcuìd @imgjr. ] fudgkj adg fdèkj`g pjk`r k` ijs smgm`strjs p`rsjgdo`s y su k`sdihdkj ièk`r,Fdprmfjrgmj, Hjrtmh`r trdgqumimzd d su amod kmfmígkji`?- ‐Gj k`c`s t`g`r hm`kj, H`llm`. @r`s ugd gmôd. Ijs gmôjs

sm`hpr` s` sdivdg `g ijs fu`gtjs„.

@i v`rkdk`rj pjk`r k` id pdidcrd `sfrmtd. J sdivd, j fjgk`gd. ]tdgtj Hjrtmh`r fjhj Iumsd, v`rkdk`rjs dnmfmjgdkjs d id i`fturd,trdgshmtm`rjg d su amod ì dhjr pjr ijs imcrjs y su i`fturd. ], smdfdsj nu`rd fm`rtj qu` ijs gmôjs, fdsm sm`hpr`, s` sdivdg ‐`g„ ijsfu`gtjs, gj sm`hpr` sdi`g cm`g imcrdkjs ‐k`„ ug imcrj mgdk`fudkjpdrd su `kdk y su mgjf`gfmd.

-‐Dhj ijs imcrjs vmòjs, ids pälmgds hdgfadkds, ids fucm`rtds k`pmì…„Vjg ids pdidcrds k` Hjrtmh`r vmsmtdgkj `g ug p`qu`ôj pu`cij idv`gtd k` imcrjs `g pu`stjs fdiiò`rjs y id `gjrh` imcr`rèd k`dgtmfudrmj `g kjgk` di fdhmgdr pjr `gtr` ijs dgdquì`s r`pi`tjsk` imcrjs vmòjs, `sfufad sus vjf`s qu` i` adcidg tjkds di tm`hpj.

Diiè, `g `sd fjgnusmög, `gfu`gtrd ì dgaìdkj ò`hpidr k`‐Fjrdzög k` tmgtd„, qu` tjhd fjg hdgjs dgsmjsds y dkh mrd fjg

jojs mgfríkuijs. [`h`rjsj p`rj k`fmkmkj, aurtd ì imcrj y auy`g kìpjcidkj.



61

Id rmfd y `gjrh` cmcimjt`fd `g fdsd k` @imgjr mgfiuy` vdimjsjsimcrjs hdgusfrmtjs dgtmlujs qu` id gmôd r`fjgjf` fjhj jcrds `g

p`rsd, pjr id fdimlrdnèd y ids miustrdfmjg`s, ` mgfiusmv` `s fdpdz k`fdifuidr ì dôj k` su ìdcjrdfmög, dgt` ij fudi r`pimfd id dgfmdgd?- ‐]d vmdoí d U`rsmd fm`gtjs k` v`f`s, di mludi qu` d VdgU`t`rscurlj, Udrès, jtrjs pidg`tds y Vadglrm-Id. ] odhäs tuv` qu`dcdgkjgdr `std adcmtdfmög. Ijs imcrjs sjg dv`gturds2 fjgtm`g`gajhmfmkmjs, hmst`rmjs y pdsmög. ] dhdg d tjkj ì qu` tdhcmíg ijsdhd„.

U`rj ug dtdqu` k` ijs runmdg`s `xtrdèkjs k` ijs fu`gtjs k`struyìd cmcimjt`fd. Ijs imcrjs p`r`f`g `g ids iidhds, y sus ajods,k`s`gfudk`rgdkds y drkm`gt`s, vuìdg pjr id adcmtdfmög ougtj fjgids famspds smg fjgtrji. Dquè ug kdtj pdrd r`fjrkdr2 sm`hpr`,mgk`n`ftmci`h`gt`, sjg ijs hdivdkjs qum`g`s qu`hdg j k`strjzdgimcrjs. Gugfd `s id l`gt` k` cm`g, pu`stj qu` sjg, pr`fmsdh`gtìjs mlgjrdgt`s, fjrruptjs, k`sajg`stjs y dgtmsjfmdi`s, qum`g`ssm`gt`g t`hjr k` qu` id v`rkdk s`d k`sfucm`rtd y id sjfm`kdk i`sfjcr` ijs kìmtjs fjh`tmkjs `g su fjgtrd.

@stjs runmdg`s sjg p`rsjgdo`s hditr`fajs, tdtudkjs fjg i`trds k`tmgtd g`lrd `g sus crdzjs, hdgjs, rjstrj y p`faj, pjrqu` nu`rjg`xtrdèkjs k` ijs imcrjs pjr hdijs i`ftjr`s. Id hdid j k`n`ftujsdi`fturd prjkuf` `qumvjfdfmjg`s, `rrjr`s, fjgnusmjg`s, hdidsmgt`rpr`tdfmjg`s. Id mgnjrhdfmög r`fmcmkd s` kmstjrsmjgd yjfdsmjgd id r`f`pfmög k` h`gsdo`s mgfjrr`ftjs. Urjcdci`h`gt`tjkj ì hugkj fjgjf` dgífkjtds di r`sp`ftj.

[di fjhj su pdkr`, Hjrtmh`r, H`llm` `sfufad ids vjf`s k` ijsimcrjs `g fdsd k` N`gjlimj, dutjr kì imcrj qu` tdgtjs prjci`hdsad fdusdkj y di i``r `g vjz ditd k`sfucr` qu` tm`g` id ndfuitdk k`trd`r di hugkj r`di d fm`rtjs p`rsjgdo`s kì t`xtj i`èkj, y qu` ìidtdhcmíg `s ugd I`glud k` cruoj. @i hdivdkj Fdprmfjrgmj jcimld did gmôd d i``r `g vjz ditd pdrd `xtrd`r kì imcrj di hdiínmfj Vjhcrd,qu` i` dyukdrèd d k`strumr ì hugkj, p`rj `gldôdkj pjr H`llm` yN`gjlimj, ì t`xtj i`èkj fjhm`gzd d k`strumr d ijs dcjhmgdci`s.

- ‐¡Vmlu` i`y`gkj!„ lrmtd su pdkr`. - ‐¡Gj t`glj gdkd qu` i``r!„ - ‐¡@gtjgf`s `sfrècìj!„



6=

] id i`fturd k` ij qu` mhprjvmsd y `sfrmc` `g sus k`kjs y `g su

hdgj dgmqumid d ijs hdivdkjs k`vjivmígkjijs d su hugkj jrmlmgdi.@s` `s ì pjk`r k` id pdidcrd `sfrmtd y k` id pdidcrd jrdi.

Gj nditdg ijs imcrjs `g fudiqum`r iuldr kì hugkj d kjgk` vdyd id`sfrmtjrd @imzdc`ta (Imz) Lmic`rt, qum`g di vmdodr `g cusfd k` sèhmshd, dpr`gk` d ’Fjh`r, r`zdr, dhdr‘.

Pgd iuojsd cmcimjt`fd `g fdsd k` su `kmtjrd `g Gu`vd ]jrb,mgfiusmv` ugd cmcimjt`fd p`qu`ôd `g id difjcd y, pjr supu`stj,tdhcmíg `g id fdsd k` Imz. Id vmsmtd d id imcr`rèd `g kjgk` dkqum`rùg kmffmjgdrmj k` mtdimdgj, ì oumfmjsj `stukmj kì kmffmjgdrmjsuh`rlmkd `g id tmcm`zd kì dlud `g id cdô`rd.

Ady imcrjs `g id adcmtdfmög qu` diqumid `g Sjhd y fudgkj ii`ld diF`gtrj k` h`kmtdfmög, `g id Mgkmd, v` d ugd huo`r fjg ugd`sfdrdpìd j cjtög `g ì p`faj, qu` kmf`? ‐@stjy `g smi`gfmj„.-‐ºKögk` fjgs`lumst` `sj: ¡@s oustj ij qu` g`f`smtj!„

y ug ajhcr` fjgt`std?-‐Ijs v`gk`hjs `g id imcr`rèd. Vmg `hcdrlj k`sfucrmräs qu` ìsmi`gfmj `s ugd hdrdvmiijsd präftmfd `spmrmtudi, p`rj `s hufaj häskurd k` ij qu` pdr`f`„.

Vöij pjg`r id hdgj sjcr` ì fjrdzög k`c`rèd s`r hjtmvj pdrdr`ni`xmjgdr y smg kukd p`gsdr `g fuägtd rdzög tm`g` ì h`kmtdkjr.@s huy kmnèfmi fdiidr, sjcr` tjkj fudgkj s` `s ojv`g, j gmôj, y ìdihd g`f`smtd hufaj häs `spdfmj kì qu` ady k`gtrj kì fu`rpj,

j k` ugd cmcimjt`fd. @i prjci`hd `s qu`… ady qu` adf`rij.

Ady ug ajhcr` s`gtdkj `g ì suìj, i`y`gkj ug imcrj d id `gtrdkdkì t`hpij. Pg imcrj `g id h`sd k` gjfa` ougtj di rìjok`sp`rtdkjr. Imcrjs `g ids hdgjs k` ijs nmì`s `g ì t`hpij yimcrjs sjcr` ijs hu`ci`s `g id jnmfmgd k` dkhmgmstrdfmög kì t`hpijk` id Lurÿ.

@g Cdiè, ug dgfmdgj híkmfj gdtmvj i` jnr`f` ug cdÿi ii`gj k`hdgusfrmtjs fjg hdgtrds y furds a`r`kdkjs k` su dcuìj, fjg idp`tmfmög k` qu` Imz i` adld ugd fjpmd.



;5

Imz y Nìmp`, su gu`vd pdròd, i``g pjr id gjfa` `g id sdid k`

`stdr, `g fdsd k` íst`. Ady imcrjs sjcr` id h`sd k` f`gtrj y sjcr`ì `sfrmtjrmj. [dhcmíg ady imcrjs `g ug dgdquì `g id adcmtdfmög kìd fdcdôd qu` drrm`gkd Imz.

Nmgdih`gt`, fudgkj Imz s` k`spmk` k` B`tut, su vmòj dhmljhíkmfj cdimgís, i` kòd fjhj jcs`qumj ug imcrj. Vjg njtjfjpmdsjrk`gdkds y `gfudk`rgdkds k` ijs dpugt`s qu` íi i` adcèdp`kmkj qu` trdgsfrmcm`rd. Cm`g, a`hjs sup`rdkj id `rd k` ijshjgo`s fjpmstds y ajy, pjr njrtugd, fjgtdhjs fjg ids häqumgdsnjtjfjpmdkjrds.

’[m`rrd k` sjhcrds‘, `s ugd pìèfuid ii`gd k` imcrjs. @i `stukmj `gfdsd kì `sfrmtjr crmtägmfj F.V. I`wms, iidhdkj fjijqumdih`gtÒdfb y dutjr k` ids ‐Frögmfds k` Gdrgmd„, `s häs ugd cmcimjt`fdqu` ug `stukmj fjhj tdi. Ady imcrjs di `gtrdr d id fdsd, d fdkdidkj kì pdsmiij. Ijs imcrjs sjg ì`h`gtjs mga`r`gt`s dip`gsdhm`gtj, d id pdsmög pjr ij qu` adf` y `stäg pr`s`gt`s `g

fdkd iuldr y `g fdkd dftj k` id vmkd k` `st` ajhcr`, di pugtjqu`, fudgkj su `spjsd, id pj`tmsd `stdkjugmk`gs` Ojy Kdvmkhdg,Lr`sadh, r`qum`r` fumkdkjs `sp`fmdi`s yd qu` `stä hurm`gkj pjrfuipd kì fägf`r, Odfb adf` qu` id trdsidk`g di `stukmj y `s diièkjgk` hu`r`, fjg ijs imcrjs fjhj njgkj. Kjulids, ì amoj k` Ojy,`s ug gmôj dnmfmjgdkj d id i`fturd, d qum`g `s g`f`sdrmj pjg`riìèhmt`s2 ug fdpètuij kmdrmj, pdrd i``r `g id fdhd dgt`s k` kjrhmr.

@g ì Hdlkdi`g Fjii`l`, k` id Pgmv`rsmkdk k` Jxnjrk, kjgk` Odfb

s` k`s`hp`ôd fjhj prjn`sjr `hírmtj k` imt`rdturd, ady imcrjs pjrkjqum`r? `g ids jnmfmgds, `g ijs k`spdfajs k` ijs prjn`sjr`s, `gijs r`fmcmkjr`s y `g ijs sdijg`s k` fids`. @g id adcmtdfmög kì`stukmdgt` y, pjr supu`stj, `g id hdlgènmfd cmcimjt`fd `gfadpdkd`g hdk`rd `g kjgk` suì`g rùgmrs` ijs prjn`sjr`s, yd s`d pdrdtrdcdodr j pdrd hdgt`g`r ugd kmsfr`td fjgv`rsdfmög. ], `g ughugkj k` imcrjs gj pjkèd nditdr id `sf`gd kì `sfrmtjr, Odfb,nmrhdgkj imcrjs k` v`gtd `g ugd imcr`rèd.

@gtr` tdgtjs kmäijljs mgtìml`gt`s h`r`f` id p`gd r`sfdtdrdilugjs dpdrt`s?



;4

- ‐I``r `s s`lurj. Ijs imcrjs gj pu`k`g a`rmrgjs„. - ‐Hm pdkr` sjièd k`fmr? ‐I``hjs pdrd sdc`r qu` gj `stdhjs

sjijs„„.- ‐Sjcj imcrjs pdrd i``r pjr id gjfa`. Fudgkj fjhm`gzj ug gu`vjimcrj hms hdgjs tm`hcidg, hms jojs ij k`vjrdg y pm`gsj sm ijsk`häs ij v`g k` id hmshd hdg`rd qu` yj„. - ‐[di v`z s`pd häs kì dhjr, pjr ijs imcrjs, qu` pjr id`xp`rm`gfmd p`rsjgdi„.

Ujr jtrd pdrt`, ijs imcrjs `sjtírmfjs, k` hdlmd g`lrd y fm`gfmdsjfuitds, sjg pjr r`lid l`g`rdi vjiuhmgjsjs, tm`g`g pdstds lru`sdsy kurds, fjrr`ds k` fu`rj j dkjrgjs h`täimfjs, cmsdlrds y d v`f`sf`rrdkurd fjg iidv`. @gfm`rrdg ijs häs dgtmlujs, pjk`rjsjs,s`fr`tjs y prjnugkjs hmst`rmjs k` ids drt`s jsfurds. K` `stjs s``gfu`gtrd pjr kjqum`r y s` utmimzdg tdgtj pdrd fdusdr prjci`hdsfjhj pdrd r`sjiv`rijs2 r`fjrk`hjs d Adrry Ujtt`r `g suskmn`r`gt`s pìèfuids. Id mhdl`g k` `stjs imcrjs fdusd t`hjr dprmh`rd vmstd. Id i`fturd k` sus `xjrfmshjs, fjgourjs y sjrtmi`lmjs,smrv` pdrd mgvjfdr j k`vjiv`r d ids tmgm`cids d s`r`s hdiínmfjs

fjhj jfurr` `g ’ Kräfuid‘, ’ @i `xjrfmstd‘, ’ Ujit`rl`mst ‘, ’ @i ludrkmägkì k`hjgmj‘, ’ Ids cruods k` @dstwmfb ‘, ’ Id prjn`fèd‘, ’Id hjhmd‘,

’Id gjv`gd pu`rtd‘, ’Dcrdfdk dcrd‘. ] dsè hmshj, ì imcrj, pjrh`kmj k` id mgnjrhdfmög qu` fjgtm`g`, `s ugd a`rrdhm`gtdmgkmsp`gsdci` pdrd dauy`gtdr id mlgjrdgfmd y id hdikdk, j,mgfiusmv`, pdrd r`fup`rdr dhjr`s ndii`fmkjs fjhj `g ’ Id hu`rt` t`

sm`gtd cm`g‘.

’Ids cruods k` @dstwmb‘



;3

Vmg `hcdrlj, ijs imcrjs p`rhmt`g, dk`häs, k`sp`rtdr mgt`r`s`sc`gínmfjs fjhj id i`fturd, id g`f`smkdk k` fr``r y k` sjôdr. @g

’Adrry Ujtt`r y id Um`krd nmijsj ndi‘ A`rhmjg` kmf`?- ‐@r`s ug lrdg hdlj, Adrry„.- ‐Gj tdg cu`gj fjhj tÿ„.- ‐ºCu`gd: Vöij fjg imcrjs y `stukmj„.

@i h`gsdo` dquè `stä fidrj. Ijs imcrjs fjgtm`g`g id mgnjrhdfmög,p`rj k`p`gk` kì i`ftjr y `s suyd tjkd id ndfuitdk, y idr`spjgsdcmimkdk, k` `xtrd`r `sd mgnjrhdfmög qu` i` prjpjrfmjgdräfjgjfmhm`gtj. Vmg id dk`fudkd i`fturd, qu` s`lÿg id g`f`smkdkp`rsjgdi, mgtì`ftudi y idcjrdi, t`gkrä qu` kdrs` d ij idrlj k` tjkdid vmkd `g ì gmvì k` `stukmj, gm ijs imcrjs gm id mgnjrhdfmögfjgt`gmkd `g ìijs sjg ldrdgtèd k` dpr`gkmzdo`. Id s`fr`tdrmd k`’Ijs fdzdndgtdshds‘ kmf` d ugj k` sus o`n`s fm`gtènmfjs?- ‐Dpu`stj d qu` dk`häs i` lustd i``r„ y íi fjgt`std? - ‐]d gj s` usd„. @gtjgf`s id hufadfad r`spjgk`? - ‐Dilugjs kmf`g qu` `s dilj mgtì`ftudi, dugqu` yj ij adlj pdrdpdsdr ì tm`hpj„.

Cu`gj, `s pr`fmsdh`gt` ugd k` ids häs lrdgk`s y hdrdvmiijsdsv`gtdods qu` jnr`f` id i`fturd r`fr`dtmvd. V`rvmr k` vàèfuij pdrd`sfdpdr k` id hjgjtjgèd fjtmkmdgd adfmd hugkjs do`gjs yndgtästmfjs. Ii`gdr ijs hjh`gtjs k` vdfèj fjg id vmv`gfmd k`dv`gturds qu`, sm gj nu`rd d trdvís k` id i`fturd, prjcdci`h`gt`

odhäs t`gkrèdhjs jpjrtugmkdk k` `xp`rmh`gtdr. Tuí hòjr, hässdgd, prjkuftmvd y kmv`rtmkd hdg`rd k` mgv`rtmr ì tm`hpj.

@g ’ Id amstjrmd smg nmg‘, ug gmôj, Cdstmdg, s` suh`rl` `g ì hugkjndgtästmfj k` ug imcrj fuyj fjgt`gmkj `stä d pugtj k` cjrrdrs`

ougtj fjg ì pdès k` id Ndgtdsèd, pjrqu` ijs gmôjs yd gj fr``g `gìid. U`rj `g k`t`rhmgdkds fmrfugstdgfmds pu`k` r`suitdrpìmlrjsj2 `g ’Adrry Ujtt`r y id fähdrd k` ijs s`fr`tjs‘, `g ì pmsjk` ug fjrr`kjr mgugkdkj, Adrry `gfu`gtrd ug imcrj fjg ids pälmgds`g cidgfj. Di `sfrmcmr su gjhcr`, crjtdg pdidcrds k` sdiukj quìu`lj s` fjgvm`rt`g `g ug kmäijlj `sfrmtj, ugd njrhd k` fadt `g

pdpì, qu` p`rhmt` di hufadfaj mgmfmdrs` `g ijs hmst`rmjs k` idfähdrd s`fr`td. @i imcrj, ug kmdrmj `sfrmtj fjg tmgtd mgvmsmci`, `s idvmkd hmshd k` [jh Sykki`, ì `stukmdgt` k` hdlmd qu` ad



;6

p`rkmkj ì smlgmnmfdkj k` ijs v`rkdk`rjs vdijr`s. Fudgkj Adrryam`r` di imcrj fjg ì fjihmiij v`g`gjsj kì cdsmimsfj, ì imcrj s`

k`sdglrd di tm`hpj qu` ì `stukmdgt` k` hdlmd hu`r`.

’ Id amstjrmd smg nmg‘

-‐@s id s`ôdi k` qu` ij c`stmdi s` dprjxmhd. Pgd nu`rzd hdimlgdqu` s` dpjk`rd k` ijs oöv`g`s auhdgjs qu` s` diòdg k` ijsimcrjs y id i`fturd. Udrd k`t`g`r d ij c`stmdi, dugqu` s`dt`hpjrdih`gt`, s` r`qum`r` ug ojv`g auhdgj qu` s`d ug vjrdzi`ftjr, k` lrdg mhdlmgdfmög y `xtrdjrkmgdrmj vdijr„.

Dsè mgmfmd ì gdrrdkjr id mgtrjkuffmög d id ’Amstjrmd smg nmg 6‘, oustjdgt`s k` qu` ‐Ijs c`stmds„ qu` p`rsmlu`g d Cdstmdg ijlrdrdg`gtrdr d id cmcimjt`fd k` id `sfuìd, kjgk` íi kòd ì imcrj hälmfj

tmrdkj `g ì pmsj, `g su dnäg pjr `sfdpdr r`lr`sdgkj d Ndgtdsèd.Vi``p, ì fdc`fmiid, ij r`fjl` y pjr id i`fturd k` ugds pjfds ièg`dss` kd fu`gtd k` qu` ij `sfrmtj `stä suf`km`gkj `g `s` hmshjmgstdgt`. Hdrdvmiidkj pjr ì k`sfucrmhm`gtj, ugj k` suss`lumkjr`s iidhdkj U`rrj, tjhd ì imcrj p`rj gj pu`k` j gj sdcì``r y s` oustmnmfd `xpimfdgkj qu` id i`trd `s k`hdsmdkj p`qu`ôd.

@xfusd vdgd, dugqu` fjhÿg, gj pr`fmsdh`gt` pjr pdrt` k`p`rsjgds hdyjr`s fjg kmnmfuitdk`s `g su fdpdfmkdk vmsudi, smgj

pjr l`gt` ojv`g fjg prjci`hds k` i`fturd, jfdsmjgdkjs pjr su



;;

cdoj gmvì `sfjidr, j, smhpi`h`gt` pjr id fdr`gfmd k` ugd sdgdfjstuhcr` i`ftjrd.

Pgd v`z qu` ad tjhdkj fjgfm`gfmd kì pjk`r qu` i` jtjrld idi`fturd, Vi``p, ì pdgkmii`rj, hdgmpuid ijs dfjgt`fmhm`gtjs k`hdg`rd smhuitäg`d `g ì hugkj auhdgj y `g Ndgtdsèd. @i pjk`rk` id pdidcrd `sfrmtd, ijs imcrjs, id mgnjrhdfmög. Ij hmshj jfurr`fudgkj Cdstmdg y su a`rhdgd r`fup`rdg ì imcrj y ò`rf`g ìfjgtrji kì fdjs h`kmdgt` su i`fturd.

Gmh, ugd gmôd k` jgf` dôjs y su pdkr`, Odfb Susj`, ug cmöijljhdrmgj, vmv`g `g ’Id msid k` Gmh‘ `g kjgk` íi k`sdrrjiid susmgv`stmldfmjg`s?-‐Fdkd k`t`rhmgdkjs h`s`s vm`g` ug cdrfj qu` trd` dimh`gtjs,`qumpjs y imcrjs. ] sm k`s`j sdc`r dilj kì hugkj, söij t`glj qu`dcrmr ugj k` ijs imcrjs qu` h` trd` hm pdpä y fjg ug pjfj k`mhdlmgdfmög pu`kj s`r pdrt` k` ìijs„.

@stj rìdtd id p`qu`ôd Gmh y ij pjg` `g präftmfd fudgkj i``

r`fjstdkd `g su fdhd y vmv` tdg mgt`gsdh`gt` ids dv`gturds k`su imcrj, qu` s` trdsidkd fjg fdhd y tjkj di k`sm`rtj `g kjgk`jfurr`g ids dv`gturds k` Di`x Sjv`r, ì prjtdljgmstd k` idsgjvìds qu` `gfdgtdg d id gmôd. [dgtj, qu` su pdkr`, `g cm`g kìd kmsfmpimgd y id cu`gd njrhdfmög, k`c` pjg`r ièhmt`s?-‐Gj häs i`fturd. @s ajrd k` kjrhmr„.

K` mludi njrhd ijs dkuitjs pu`k`g kmsnrutdr k` ug cu`g imcrj,h`kmj k` r`fr`dfmög y `gsjôdfmjg`s, fjhj ij adf`g Hmgd y Iufy`g ’ Kräfuid‘, kjs oöv`g`s sjit`rds qu` i``g ids ‐Hmi y ugdgjfa`s„, fuyjs fu`gtjs ids mgspmrdg pdrd ouldr fjg ndgtdsèdsdhjrjsds. @g ’ @g ì gjhcr` kì pdkr`‘, fudgkj L`rry Fjgijg `strdsidkdkj d ugd färfì k` ditd s`lurmkdk, tjhd ug imcrj kì fdrrjtrdgspjrtdkjr dgt`s k` sucmr ids `sfdi`rds qu` fjgkuf`g adfmd sufìkd. @s id r`pr`s`gtdfmög k` id sji`kdk qu` ij dludrkd, k` ididrld `sp`rd `g id qu` söij ì imcrj s`rä su fjhpdôèd2 ug sèhcjijs`hòdgt` di ÿgmfj hjh`gtj k` pidfmk`z y k` mgk`p`gk`gfmd k`

qu` ljzd `g ’ @i fjijr pÿrpurd‘ ugd huo`r sjh`tmkd d fruì`strdtjs k`sk` su mgndgfmd, j ì gmôj `gn`rhj k` fägf`r qu` i`` d‐U`t`r Udg„ `g su fdhd kì ajspmtdi, dÿg `g ijs hjh`gtjs häs



;0

krdhätmfjs k` ’@i kèd k`spuís k` hdôdgd‘. Mgstdgt`s smhmidr`s s`pu`k` dpr`fmdr `g ’ @i sdcjr k` id mgnmkìmkdk ‘, ’ Id kmsfr`td‘, y id

fiäsmfd mhdl`g rjhägtmfd k` id hufadfad s`gtdkd `g id v`gtdgd,i`y`gkj ug imcrj k` pj`sèd `g ’@i tr`g k` _aju ]u‘, ’Dgt`s kì

dtdrk`f`r‘, ’Mgnmkìmkdk‘, ’@i c`sj nrdgfís‘, ’Id fì`stmgd‘ y tdgtdsjtrds.

@vdglìmg`, `hpi`dkd k` s`rvmfmj kjhístmfj `g id hmshd fdsdkjgk` adf` hmidlrjs id ’Gdggy HfUa``‘, kòd d ug idkj id `sfjcdy s` r`nulmd `g ì cdifög pdrd prdftmfdr, d `sfjgkmkds k` ijsgmôjs, su huy mgfmpm`gt` gmvì k` i`fturd, y ij hmshj adf` idprjpmd Gdggy `g ì cdifög fmrfuidr k` su `xtrdôd difjcdk`sprjvmstd k` hu`ci`s, `xf`ptj ugd h`sd pdrd tí fjg sur`sp`ftmvd smiid mgkmvmkudi. Gj pjkèd nditdr id dgfmdgd fm`ld, hdkr`k` Idurd, id prjtdljgmstd k` ’Kurhm`gkj fjg ì `g`hmlj‘, d qum`gv`hjs i`y`gkj ug imcrj `g Crdmii`, `g id adcmtdfmög kì ajspmtdi `gkjgk` s` `gfu`gtrd r`fiumkd. Furmjsdh`gt` ’Pg pds`j pjr ids

guc`s‘ pr`s`gtd d ^mftjrmd Drdlög, id `x `stukmdgt` k` imt`rdturd,i`y`gkj ‐Mhäl`g`s fidrds y jsfurds k` Vadb`sp`dr „, `g ug cus

qu` vmdod pjr ì fdhpj, gj jcstdgt` i``r `g ug vàèfuij `ghjvmhm`gtj `s kmnèfmi, dÿg `g fdrr`t`rd pdvmh`gtdkd y, s`lÿgkmf`g, pìmlrjsj pdrd id vmstd pjr prjpmfmdr ì k`spr`gkmhm`gtj kìds r`tmgds.

Id i`fturd r`pr`s`gtd pdrd id ojv`g Nrdgfm`, id ÿgmfd hdg`rd k`sjcr`vmvmr `gtr` id pjcr`zd qu` dljcmd d su ndhmimd mridgk`sd. Idfamfd i`` fjg dgsmd tjkjs ijs imcrjs qu` `gfu`gtrd `g id s`ffmögk` oöv`g`s `g id cmcimjt`fd kì cdrrmj, p`rj tdhcmíg ii`vd d fdsdimcrjs pdrd su pdkr`, `gtr` `stjs ‐Dgdtjhèd k` id hìdgfjièd„,fidv` `g ì k`sdrrjiij k` id pìèfuid dsè fjhj ì h`kmj qu`prjpmfmd, d trdvís k` ug imcrj k` id cmcimjt`fd, ì njrtdi`fmhm`gtj kìjs ’Idzjs auhdgjs‘ `gtr` ì pdkr` y id amod.

@i fm`gtènmfj Jttj Jftdvmus y su `spjsd mgvmtdg d U`t`r Udrb`r, ’@i

ajhcr` drdôd 3‘ d f`gdr `g su fdsd. Di njgkj kì fjh`kjr k` idfdsd tdii`r `g kjgk` s` `gfu`gtrd id h`sd, s` dpr`fmd su

cmcimjt`fd, pr`suhmci`h`gt` `sp`fmdimzdkd `g nèsmfd j fudiqum`rdqu` s`d id `sp`fmdimkdk kì kjftjr. @g id nds` k` ijs fjgsòjs,



;>

qu` gj pu`k` nditdr fudgkj ady oöv`g`s mgvjiufrdkjs fjhjauísp`k`s k` dkuitjs, ì dgnmtrmög kmf` d su mgvmtdkj?

-‐Vm qum`r`s `gdhjrdr d ugd huo`r, kdi` pj`sèd2 gugfd ndiid„.

Dsè qu` fudgkj U`t`r vd fjg su rjpd d id idvdgk`rèd, ii`vdfjgsmlj vdrmjs imcrjs k` pj`sèd `g fuyjs ijhjs s` v` fidrdh`gtìjs rötuijs k` fidsmnmfdfmög k` id cmcimjt`fd. @s ugd `sf`gd fjhÿg`g ids pìèfuids gjrt`dh`rmfdgds, tdgtj fjhj `g id vmkd r`di,dquìid k` ids p`rsjgds qu` dprjv`fadg ì tm`hpj k` idvdgk`rèd`g tdg ÿtmi dftmvmkdk fjhj ij `s id i`fturd. ] gj sjidh`gt` `g ididvdgk`rèd? tdhcmíg `g ijs d`rjpu`rtjs, dvmjg`s, `stdfmjg`s ydsm`gtjs k` tr`g, pdrqu`s, difjcds y pjrfa`s.

Ijs imcrjs s` `hpi`dg fjhj r`ldij, fjhj nu`gt` k` mgnjrhdfmög yr`lmstrj k` id amstjrmd, ` mgfiusmv` fjhj sjpjrt` k` ourdh`gtjs qu`gj sm`hpr` s`räg fuhpimkjs. @g ’ Dhjr d prmh`rd vmstd (Id nu`rzd kì

dhjr)‘, ug drqumt`ftj y ugd kms`ôdkjrd, k`sfjgjfmkjs `gtr` sè yqu` gj sdc`g k` sus lustjs gm dnmfmjg`s, fjmgfmk`g `g ugdimcr`rèd kjgk` dfdcdg k` fjhprdr imcrjs qu` `sp`rdg kdr fjhj

r`ldijs k` Gdvmkdk d sus r`sp`ftmvds pdròds. @i, ug imcrj k` odrkmg`rèd pdrd id `spjsd y ìid ug hdgudi k` hjtjgäutmfd pdrdsu hdrmkj. @g id prmsd pjr sdimr fjgnugk`g sus r`ldijs y, `gtr`rmsds, fdkd ugj smlu` su fdhmgj.

@i imcrj `s ugd dit`rgdtmvd trdkmfmjgdi `g id qu` ady kjspjsmcmimkdk`s? prmh`rd, s` jcs`qumd pdrd fuhpimr fjg ugdjcimldfmög sjfmdi, gj mhpjrtd sm i` dlrdkd j gj d qum`g ij r`fmc`, y,s`lugkd, s` r`ldid fjg ì k`s`j k` fjhpidf`r, `g jfdsmjg`s fjg

ì mgt`rís k` kdr ug pjfj k` gjsjtrjs hmshjs pdrd qu` jtrdp`rsjgd gjs i`d, gjs hmr`, gjs t`gld `g sus hdgjs y gjsr`fu`rk`. Tumzäs `s ij qu` `sp`rd Cdrcdrd, id hdkr` k` ’Cmcm id

a`famf`rd‘ di jcs`qumdr d su amod dkji`sf`gt` ug imcrj fjhj r`ldijk` fuhpi`dôjs, tdgtj fjhj ì yd fmgfu`gtög Drfam` qu` s`k`spmk` k` su dhdkd ojv`gfmtd Cr`tt jcs`qumägkji` su, fjg tjkds`lurmkdk, ÿitmhj imcrj, `g ’Föhj dtrdpdr d ug hmiijgdrmj‘.

’@i p`qu`ôj ^dgyd‘ `s ug gmôj k` jrndgdtj, hditrdtdkj y`xpijtdkj pjr hufadfajs hdyjr`s. Vì`ffmjgdkj pjr ugd pdròdk` mtdimdgjs qu` fjhprdg gmôjs di fjrruptj kmr`ftjr pdrd v`gk`rijs



;<

d `xtrdgo`rjs, i` url` k`s`sp`rdkdh`gt` jct`g`r mgnjrhdfmögdf`rfd k` su hdkr`2 p`rj ^dgyd Vjmgtz`v gj sdc` i``r. Mrbd, ugd

ojv`g kì lrupj k` ijs lrdgk`s i` kd ids prmh`rds i`ffmjg`s y ìgmôj k`kmfd tjkj su `hp`ôj `g dpr`gk`r. Dyukdkj pjr su dhmldauy` kì jrndgdtj p`rs`lumkj pjr ijs mtdimdgjs, p`rj cdoj gmglugdfmrfugstdgfmd jivmkd ì fjgsòj k` Mrbd?- ‐Gugfd suìt`s `st` imcrj. Dsè id pjimfèd gj hji`stdrä„.

@i ’Lrmglj vmòj‘, ug `sfrmtjr r`tmrdkj, s` r`ÿg` fjg ugd prjstmtutd,qum`g di `gt`rdrs` k` qu` íi ad pucimfdkj vdrmjs imcrjs, i` kmf`?-‐[jkjs ij r`fjrkdräg fudgkj ust`k yd gj `stí. K`h` ugj k` susimcrjs. Mgt`rfdhcmdr`hjs su trdcdoj pjr ì hèj2 dsè, ust`kfjgs`rvd sus prmgfmpmjs y yj ijs hèjs„.

@std `s ugd `xpr`smög kì k`s`j k` id p`rp`tumkdk2 id hufadfadsm`gt` `gvmkmd y auhmikdk dgt` ì a`faj k` qu` ijs imcrjs kì`sfrmtjr s`räg su fjgtmgumkdk y ij r`fjgjf` k` hdg`rd dcm`rtd ys`gfmiid, k` id hmshd njrhd qu` jnr`f` su fu`rpj d fdhcmj k` ugimcrj. K`sk` su pugtj k` vmstd, ijs kjs sjg mludih`gt` väimkjs

hm`gtrds s` fjgs`rv` k`t`rhmgdkjs vdijr`s rìdtmvjs di trdcdoj k`fdkd qum`g. ] ij hmshj suf`k` `g ’3543‘ fjg r`n`r`gfmd d idp`rkurdfmög k` id fuiturd, d id p`rp`tumkdk kì ajhcr` fr`dkjr k`fuiturd2 @i fm`gtènmfj y id amod kì pr`smk`gt`, `xp`rtd `g drt`s,fjgv`rsdg `g ì dvmög fudgkj ì pidg`td ad `hp`zdkj d fjidpsdr?- ‐Tuí pjsmcmimkdk`s tm`g` k` dcjrkdr `st` dvmög ug `sfrmtjrk`sfjgjfmkj, qu` dp`gds sm ad v`gkmkj fudtrjfm`gtjs v`mgt`ò`hpidr`s k` `st` imcrj. Vmg `hcdrlj `st` imcrj `s pdrt` k`gu`strj i`ldkj. ºUjr quí: Ujr qu` ij `stjy i`y`gkj„.

- ‐Gj trdomst` f`pmiij k` km`gt`s. Vöij imcrjs. - ‐Hm pdkr` vmdodcd hufaj y sm`hpr` h` kòdcd ugd fdod ii`gd kìmcrjs. H` kdcd ug aìdkj pjr fdkd imcrj qu` i`èd. ], `g idpr`pdrdtjrmd t`gèd kjs hmi imcrjs… y gmglugd gjvmd.

A` daè ì f`gtrj, ì ò` y id p`rmn`rmd k` id vmkd k` ijs imcrjs. Vui`fturd. @i imcrj s` fr`d pdrd s`r i`èkj y `g `std h`kmkd trdsfm`gk`d l`g`rdfmjg`s pjst`rmjr`s dugqu` hufads, hufaèsmhds v`f`s,

k`cd p`rhdg`f`r jfuitj y k`sfjgjfmkj kurdgt` idrlj tm`hpj... yhäs k` ug i`ftjr k`cd dludrkdr h`kmd vmkd pdrd `gfjgtrdr ugdgjvmd.



;1

Hdrmj Sujppjij, ’@i fdrt`rj k` G`rukd‘, ii`vd fjgsmlj ug imcrj k`pj`hds d trdvís k` fuyj fjgt`gmkj pr`t`gk` dpr`gk`r föhj s`r

pj`td pdrd fjgqumstdr d su dhdkd C`dtrmf`. @i imcrj s` trdgsnjrhd`g a`rrdhm`gtd k` fjgqumstd `g ì dhjr y `g id vmkd, smg mhpjrtdrid pjsmfmög gm id fids` sjfmdi k` qum`g`s fjhpr`gk`g su vdijr. ],pjr jtrd pdrt`, tdhcmíg s` pu`k` dpr`fmdr id mhpjrtdgfmd, ìjrluiij y id vdgmkdk k` pjs``r ug imcrj nmrhdkj pjr ì dutjr. Hdrmj,ì fdrt`rj, ajhcr` auhmik` y smg pr`pdrdfmög dfdkíhmfd, `gsdydnr`gt` di `spòj id hdg`rd fjhj p`kmrä d G`rukd qu` i` nmrh` ugjk` sus imcrjs. Dgtmfmpd ì jrluiij fjg ì qu` ij `gs`ôdrä d susdhmljs, p`rj söij jctm`g` ugd lrdg k`smiusmög. @sp`rdcd hufajhäs y gj i` sdtmsndf` ij `sfrmtj pjr ì pj`td? ‐Fjrkmdih`gt`, UdcijG`rukd„. Dnjrtugdkdh`gt` pdrd Hdrmj, su dhmstdk fjg ì vdt` i`p`rhmt` jct`g`r ug gu`vj dutölrdnj fjg kmn`r`gt` k`kmfdtjrmd.

Dsè fjhj ady imcrjs k`sjrk`gdkjs `g ì `stukmj k` su fdsd,tdhcmíg ady ugd p`qu`ôd cmcimjt`fd `g fdsd k` ijs pdkr`s k`’Kdg `g id vmkd r`di‘. Iu`lj k` f`gdr y idvdr ijs pidtjs, ugj k`sus a`rhdgjs tjhd k` diiè ug imcrj y kmf`, r`nmrmígkjs` d su gjvmd?

-‐Hdrm` fjhprö ugjs imcrjs, p`rj fr`j qu` k`c`rèd i``r ugj k` uglrdg `sfrmtjr2 ì hòjr imcrj qu` a` i`èkj„. -‐Häs cm`g ì ÿgmfj qu` ads i`èkj„ mgt`rvm`g` su a`rhdgd.

Dftj s`lumkj `gtr`ld d Kdg ug ò`hpidr k` su imcrj pdrd qu` ijdutjlrdnè` fjhj jcs`qumj pdrd su prjh`tmkd. ] di i``r idk`kmfdtjrmd `xfidhd?-‐ºVu`rt`: ºVöij `sj:

Ujr ij vmstj `s ugd r`dffmög cdstdgt` fjhÿg. Gj s` trdtdÿgmfdh`gt` k` jct`g`r ì pr`fmdkj dutölrdnj smgj qu` `xmst` y `smgg`ldci` ì k`s`j vdgmkjsj k` ii`vdrs` ugd k`kmfdtjrmdp`rsjgdimzdkd qu`, dpdrt` k` mgfiumr gu`strj gjhcr`, k`hu`str`dgt` ijs jtrjs gu`strd f`rfdgèd, dpr`fmj y, pr`n`rmci`h`gt`, fm`rtjlrdkj k` dhmstdk, `gtr` häs ditj hòjr, fjg ì dutjr k` id jcrdjco`tj k` pjs`smög y jrluiij. K` daè qu` ids k`kmfdtjrmds r`suit`gk`smiusmjgdgt`s2 pjrqu` ì i`ftjr `s dhcmfmjsj y `sp`rd häs k` ijqu` i` fjrr`spjgk`.

@gdhjrdkj k` Hdrm`, gjvmd k` su a`rhdgj, Kdg cusfd idjpjrtugmkdk pdrd adcidri` d sjids?



;=

-‐¡Gj qum`rj qu` i`ds hm imcrj. Tum`rj qu` ij jiv mk`s!„.

ºDfdsj ugj `xpjg` su dihd `g ids pdidcrds qu` `sfrmc`: ºDfdsjì `sfrmtjr s` sm`gt`, j s` sdc`, `xpu`stj dgt` ijs jojs k` ijs jtrjsfudgkj i``g sus `sfrmtjs: ºDfdsj ì dutjr pu`k`, j tm`g` k`r`fajk` k`fmkmr qumíg`s pu`k`g j gj i``r su jcrd:

@g ’ Gugfd t` vm, sm`hpr` t` dhí‘ ijs imcrjs sjg ì fdhunido` mk`dipdrd `gvmdr dimh`gtjs d ug dhmlj k` Ijgkr`s kurdgt` id V`lugkdLu`rrd Hugkmdi2 dimh`gtj nèsmfj pdrd ì fu`rpj y dimh`gtjmgtì`ftudi pdrd id h`gt`. Ijs imcrjs, tdgtj fjhj idfjrr`spjgk`gfmd (mgnjrhdfmög), `stdci`f`g vègfuijs k` dhmstdk`gtr` mgkmvmkujs y pu`cijs. Vjg ì h`kmj pdrd ii`vdr dhjr, di`lrèdy `sp`rdgzd `gtr` ì kjijr k` id lu`rrd.

@o`hpijs kì hdgòj k` id mgnjrhdfmög fjgt`gmkd `g ijs imcrjs `s’Pg hmidlrj pdrd Ijr`gzj‘. Ijr`gzj Jkjg`, k` fmgfj dôjs k``kdk, sunr` ugd `gn`rh`kdk k`l`g`rdtmvd. Ijs fm`gtènmfjsmgv`stmldg ì hdi, fdkd ugj pjr su fu`gtd y smg `gt`rdrs` k` ijs

dvdgf`s y r`trjf`sjs k` ijs jtrjs. Dsè qu` ijs pdkr`s kì gmôjk`fmk`g mgv`stmldr p`rsjgdih`gt` `g id cmcimjt`fd y k`sfucrmr ijqu` pdsd fjg su amoj, hm`gtrds kurdgt` dôjs k` mgvdimk`z, ì imcrjy id i`fturd k` fu`gtjs mgndgtmi`s sjg id ÿgmfd fjhugmfdfmög kìgmôj fjg sus dglustmdkjs pdkr`s, qu` k`vjrdg fjg ijs jojs y ì`gt`gkmhm`gtj k`f`gds k` imcrjs `g ijs fudi`s k`c`g y g`f`smtdg`gfjgtrdr id furd pdrd su amoj. Jtrd amstjrmd `s id k` @rmfb, ugj kìjs sm`t` gmôjs d qum`g`s pr`t`gk` `kufdr ’Gdggy HfUa``‘. Dgt`ì t`hjr k` qu` su pdkr` s` fds` pjr s`lugkd jfdsmög, ì gmôj

k`hu`strd d @vdglìmg`, id smrvm`gtd, qu` tjkds, dcsjiutdh`gt`tjkds ids hdkrdstrds sjg hdivdkds, tdi fjhj fjhpru`cd idi`fturd k` ug imcrj k` fu`gtjs mgndgtmi`s.

] gj `s gdkd rdrj pr`s`gfmdr `sf`gds `g ids qu` ug dkuitj j uggmôj hdyjr dsuh`, vjiugtdrmd j mgvjiugtdrmdh`gt`, ì pdpì kì`ftjr k` fu`gtjs pdrd qu` ijs gmôjs, nmgdih`gt`, s` fdih`g, ydcsjrcmkjs pjr ids ndgtdsmjsds dv`gturds `xtrdftdkds kì imcrj, s`

ku`rhdg, tdi fjhj ’@i p`qu`ôj ^dgyd‘ lrdfmds d Gdtdsad, ugd kìds hdyjr`s kì jrndgdtj, qu` fdihd d ijs p`qu`ôjs h`kmdgt` idi`fturd k` fu`gtjs mgndgtmi`s, dugqu` gj tjkjs pr`st`g id k`cmkd



05

dt`gfmög. J, `g id p`qu`ôd imcr`rèd k` ’[m`g`s ug `-hdmi‘, `gkjgk` Bdtai``g Bìiy, su prjpm`tdrmd, i`` fu`gtjs pdrd sus gmôjs

fim`gt`s `g dilj dsè fjhj ug prjlrdhd cmcimjt`fdrmj k` Id ajrdkì fu`gtj.

Ady imcrjs gu`vjs y cm`g jrldgmzdkjs `g ì sdiög k` fids`s kìfji`lmj kjgk` `stukmd Fdrjimg`, d qum`g [dyijr, su a`rhdgjhdyjr, ì ojv`g prjci`hätmfj k` ’S`fuírkdh`‘, i`` `g id fdhd ìimcrj k` hmtjijlèd, cìidh`gt` miustrdkj, qu` íi hmshj i` adcèdr`ldidkj kèds dgt`s k` qu` id gmôd sunrm`rd ugd frmsms g`rvmjsdjfdsmjgdkd pjr id dlr`smög k` ugds hdids fjhpdô`rds k` id`sfuìd.

@st` hmshj [dyijr ii`vd ug kmdrmj hdgusfrmtj `g ì qu` `sfrmc` dtjkd ajrd y `g fudiqum`r iuldr y qu` iu`lj k` id `xpijsmögt`rrjrmstd k` ids [jrr`s l`hìds, `g kjgk` hu`r` fudgkj`sp`rdcd d su pdkr` `g ugd iuojsd jnmfmgd, dpdr`f` `g id fdii`,mgdkv`rtmkj `gtr` ijs `sfjhcrjs d p`sdr k` qu` ì vm`gtj hu`v` ypdsd ids ajods fjhj ug lrmtj smi`gfmjsj, fjhj ug iidhdkj k`

dt`gfmög pdrd qu` dilum`g ij v`d, ij sdiv` y ij i`d. Vdc`hjs quìjs imcrjs gj pu`k`g lrmtdr2 p`rj… ºy sm ij amfm`rdg: ] `stj gjsr`fu`rkd ijs kmdrmjs hdgusfrmtjs ii`vdkjs pjr mgt`r`sdgt`sp`rsjgdo`s `g jtrds hufads, hufaèsmhds pìèfuids, `gtr` ìids’Kdgzds fjg ijcjs‘, ’@i kmdrmj k` Gjda‘, ’@i `n`ftj hdrmpjsd‘.

Fjhj h`kmj k` r`lmstrj pdrd id amstjrmd, ijs imcrjs s` usdg pdrdtjhdr gjtds, `sfrmcmr kmdrmjs p`rsjgdi`s j frögmfds qu` d id pjstr`s`rvmräg fjhj nu`gt`s k` fjgsuitd df`rfd kì pdsdkj. Pg imcrj k`r`f`tds k` fjfmgd, a`r`kdkj k` id dcuìd `g ’Fjhj dlud pdrdfajfjidt`‘, `s ì r`fursj k` dff`sj di pdsdkj ndhmimdr, qu` p`rhmt`r`fr`dr ì h`kmj sjfmjfuiturdi hòmfdgj `g 4=46 kurdgt` idr`vjiufmög `gfdc`zdkd pjr Udgfaj ^miid. Ujr íi s` k`kuf` id vmkdk` ids huo`r`s `g ì fdhpj? sus su`ôjs, sus dhjr`s, iddim`gdfmög d qu` `stdcdg sjh`tmkds `g ijs dicjr`s kì Vmlij QQ. ]tdhcmíg Nijrd, Ndugd y Urmhdv`rd, ids adkds prjt`ftjrds,fjgsuitdg ug r`f`tdrmj k` fjfmgd pdrd pr`pdrdr id tjrtd qu`

jnr`f`räg d ’Id cìid kurhm`gt`‘ `g su fuhpi`dôjs.



04

D prjpösmtj k` fjfmgd, ’Krdlög rjoj‘ mgmfmd fudgkj ì dl`gt` kìNCM, \mii Lrdadh, `gfu`gtrd `g ì `stukmj kì Kr. Adggmcdi I`ft`r,

híkmfj psmqumdtrd y ajhmfmkd dgtrjpöndlj, ug vjiuh`g k` fm`rtd@gfmfijp`kmd k` fjfmgd Idrjuss`, fjg ug hdrfd pälmgds qu`s`ôdid oustdh`gt` id r`f`td pdrd pr`pdrdr ì aèldkj, örldgj qu`,fjmgfmk`gfmdih`gt`, nditdcd `g ì ÿitmhj fdkäv`r k` id s`rm` kàjhmfmkmjs. K`tdii` sunmfm`gt` pdrd qu` ì suspmfdz k`t`ftmv`k`sfucrm`rd di ds`smgj, p`rj qu`, idh`gtdci`h`gt`, prjpmfmd idvmji`gtd r`dffmög k` íst`.

S`tjhdgkj ì vdijr amstörmfj, Ojag Kuhcdr, ug t`gm`gt` k` idFdcdii`rèd `stdkjugmk`gs`, `s `gvmdkj d ug pu`stj k` dvdgzdkd`g id iufad fjgtrd ijs mgkmjs. @g id sji`kdk kì pdrdo`, ì hmimtdrii`vd ug kmdrmj `g ì fudi k`sfrmc` ijs pdmsdo`s, ijs dgmhdi`s, sust`h`rjsjs `gfu`gtrjs y pjst`rmjr dhmstdk fjg ijs mgkmjs, susfjstuhcr`s y v`studrmj, miustrdgkj ids dgjtdfmjg`s fjg kmcuojsqu` `grmqu`f`g id amstjrmd r`di kì J`st` gjrt`dh`rmfdgj, `gkjgk` s`rä häs fjgjfmkj fjhj ’ Kdgzds fjg ijcjs‘. @i t`gm`gt`pm`rk` ì imcrj kurdgt` ugd cdtdiid, p`rj `s r`sfdtdkj kì rèj pjr

ug gmôj mgkmj, qum`g ij k`vuìv` d su ku`ôj. @i imcrj, r`lmstrj k` idamstjrmd, s` sdivd pdrd p`rhmtmr id p`rkurdfmög y ì fjgjfmhm`gtj kìjs a`fajs, dk`häs k` dpjrtdr nìmfmkdk di ajhcr`. @i imcrjfjgs`rvd y trdgshmt` id amstjrmd. ] id amstjrmd k` ’Aulj Fdcr`t‘,gdrrdkd `g id pìèfuid qu` ii`vd su gjhcr`, t`rhmgd fjg id mhdl`gk` Msdcìi` `sfrmcmígkjid `g su imcr`td.

Kub` `s ug ajhcr` hdyjr qu` vmv` vjiugtdrmdh`gt` `g ugdr`smk`gfmd pdrd dgfmdgjs, `hp`ôdkj `g gj kòdr sjid d su `spjsdqu` sunr` ug ditj lrdkj k` Diza`mh`r. Ii`vd ug fudk`rgj kmdrmjhdgusfrmtj, ’@i kmdrmj k` Gjda‘, qu` i`` fjgstdgt`h`gt` d su`spjsd y gdrrd id amstjrmd k` dhjr k` Gjda y Diim`, qu` s`fjgjfm`rjg fudgkj `rdg dkji`sf`gt`s, k` kmstmgtds fids`ssjfmdi`s, `g ug p`qu`ôj pu`cij k` ijs @stdkjs Pgmkjs `g idkífdkd k` 4=;5.

Gjda Fduiajug y su pdkr`, d p`sdr k` s`r fdhp`smgjs pjcr`s,

hdgtm`g`g id fjstuhcr` k` s`gtdrs` di dtdrk`f`r `g ì pjrfa` k`su fdsd, pdrd i``r pj`hds k` sus dutjr`s ndvjrmtjs. Fudgkj Gjdafjgjf` d Diimsjg Adhmitjg, fdrmôjsdh`gt` iidhdkd Diim`, i`` pdrd



03

ìid `g ì hmshj pjrfa` fudgkj ij vmsmtd. ], yd vmòjs y `gn`rhjs,Gjda i`` pdrd Diimsjg su kmdrmj. @g ugj k` sus pjfjs hjh`gtjs

k` iufmk`z id dgfmdgd i` pr`lugtd?-‐ºS`fu`rkds fudgkj h` i`èds:„

V`lurdh`gt` gdkm` jivmkd odhäs `sjs lrdtjs hjh`gtjs qu` sjgì r`ldij k` id i`fturd, `sp`fmdih`gt` sm `s jnr`fmkd pjr ug s`rqu`rmkj, tdgtj `g gu`strd mgndgfmd fjhj `g id hdkur`z.

Id hdlmd kì fmg` p`rhmt` d ’@i `n`ftj hdrmpjsd‘ utmimzdr ug kmdrmjfjhj mhpjrtdgt` fjprjtdljgmstd k` id amstjrmd. V` trdtd k` ughdgusfrmtj qu` fjgstd k` hufajs fudk`rgjs, `sfrmtj k`sk` ijssm`t` dôjs pjr @vdg, ug ojv`g `squmzjnrígmfj, smlum`gkj idr`fjh`gkdfmög kì híkmfj psmqumdtrd. Vu k`tdiidkj kmdrmj `s ìì`h`gtj qu`, r`sfdtdkj kì drfamvj kì psmqumdtrd y k` pìmlrjsjsfrmhmgdi`s fudgkj `stuvj `g prmsmög, s` fjgvm`rt` `g ì njfj sjcr`ì fudi nmodr su fjgf`gtrdfmög pdrd dit`rgdr `gtr` kmn`r`gt`shjh`gtjs frufmdi`s kì pdsdkj, fjg ì nmg k` fdhcmdr ì pr`s`gt`y sdivdr id vmkd k` jtrds p`rsjgds, `sp`fmdih`gt` id k` su dhdkd

B`yi`mla Hmii`r.

[di fjhj `g id vmkd r`di, sjcr` ijs imcrjs s` adf` ourdh`gtjs yprjh`sds qu` gj sm`hpr` s` fuhpi`. @g ’ Gj h` mrí smg hm amod‘, ughíkmfj husuihäg vmdod fjg su `spjsd y su amod k`sk` ijs@stdkjs Pgmkjs adstd id tm`rrd k` sus ndhmimdr`s `g Mräg. V`trdtdcd k` ugds vdfdfmjg`s qu` söij kurdrèdg kjs s`hdgds, ijfudi ì híkmfj ourd sjcr` ì Fjräg d nmg k` fjgv`gf`r d su`spjsd. U`rj fudgkj ìid qum`r` r`lr`sdr, íi gm`ld ì p`rhmsj,

oustmnmfdkj pjr id ndhmimd dgt` id `xfusd k` qu` Diä sdcrèdp`rkjgdrij. ] gj pdrdrèdhjs k` fjgtdr ids pìèfuids `g ids qu` ug

ou`z, ug sdf`rkjt` j ug fdpmtäg k` cdrfj, `hpi`dg ug imcrj pdrd idi`fturd k` vjtjs hdtrmhjgmdi`s… y ids fjgsdcmkds prjh`sds kùgj y jtrj.

@i prjn`sjr B`dtmgl, `xdiuhgj k` id dndhdkd y `xml`gt`pr`pdrdtjrmd k` id Dfdk`hmd \ditjg, nugkdkjr, `g su ípjfd fjhj

`stukmdgt`, k` ug lrupj s`fr`tj dutjk`gjhmgdkj ’ Id sjfm`kdk kìjs pj`tds hu`rtjs‘, jrk`gd d sus `stukmdgt`s rjhp`r ug imcrj k`



06

t`xtj qu` `gs`ôd dcsurkds hdg`rds k` dgdimzdr id pj`sèd fiäsmfdgjrt`dh`rmfdgd?

- ‐Drrdgqu`g id ajod. ¡Gj! Hòjr drrdgqu`g tjkj ì fdpètuij„.

@s ì rjhpmhm`gtj k` ids vmòds gjrhds k` vmkd. @s ì vdijr pdrd`gnr`gtdrids y dcrmr pdsj d ij gu`vj `g fjgtrd k` ijs qu` t`h`g ìfdhcmj2 `s ugd fjgf`pfmög kmstmgtd k` id vmkd y k` ijs dftjssmhpi`s. Vmg `hcdrlj, ij gu`vj `s k`sfucm`rtj `g ì hmshjpdsdkj kì hd`strj hjk`rgmstd, fudgkj ijs `stukmdgt`s`gfu`gtrdg ug vmòj dgudrmj kì fji`lmj `g kjgk` tdhcmíg íiadcèd `stukmdkj. D `stj s` suhdg ids vmsmtds d id fdv`rgd `gkjgk` ijs hufadfajs s` r`ÿg`g pjr id gjfa` pdrd tjfdr hÿsmfd yi``r pj`sèd. Vjg ì drt` y id `spmrmtudimkdk r`tjrgdkjs d id tm`rrd, did gdturdimkdk kì ajhcr` `g su `gtjrgj purj, `g su njrhd mgmfmdi.Tuí hòjr qu` ug imcrj k` pj`sèd pdrd r`lr`sdr d id imc`rtdk, dÿgpjr sjcr` ij prjamcmkj.

Ijs imcrjs drkm`gkj, ids iidhds, ids ajods qu` s` r`tu`rf`g, id iuzkì nu`lj prjy`ftdkd `g ijs rjstrjs k` ids p`rsjgds, ids f`gmzds

kì pdpì qu` s` i`vdgtdg njrhdgkj `spmrdi`s lrms`s j qu` ydf`gtrmst`h`gt` `g ì r`sfjikj k` id ajlu`rd, sjg jtrj ì`h`gtjutmimzdkj pdrd smhcjimzdr id k`struffmög k` id fuiturd, k` idfmvmimzdfmög, k` id fjhprjcdfmög k` a`fajs k`t`rhmgdkjs? ’ Dgkr`m

Sucimjv‘, ’ @i gjhcr` k` id rjsd‘, ’ Ndar`ga`mt ;04‘, ’ Gjstrdkdhus‘,’Mgkmdgd Ojg`s y id ÿitmhd Fruzdkd‘, ’Id gjv`gd pu`rtd‘, ’Fjrdzög k`

tmgtd‘, ’@i kèd k`spuís k` hdôdgd‘.

Gj jcstdgt`, `g ’@i kèd k`spuís k` hdôdgd‘, fjhj ÿgmfd

pjsmcmimkdk k` sup`rvmv`gfmd dgt` ì r`p`gtmgj fjglìdhm`gtj kìa`hmsn`rmj, ijs usudrmjs k` id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd k` Hdgadttdgqu`hdg f`gt gdr`s k` imcrjs `g ugd ajlu`rd `gf`gkmkd `g iddgtmlud famh`g`d k` ugd sdid k` i`fturd. Dilugjs kmsfut`g df`rfdkì vdijr k` fm`rtjs dutjr`s y k`t`rhmgdkds jcrds2 ug ajhcr` s`jpjg` d id mgfmg`rdfmög k` ug ò`hpidr k` id Cmcimd k` Lut`gc`rlpjr trdtdrs` k` ug ì`h`gtj vdimjsj `g ì mgmfmj k` id fmvmimzdfmöghjk`rgd, `g tdgtj qu` ugd k` ids cmcimjt`fdrmds dfuk` d ug imcrj

k` h`kmfmgd pdrd k`sfucrmr id hdg`rd k` sdivdr d ugd ojv`ga`rmkd, qum`g pu`k` hjrmr pjr `gv`g`gdhm`gtj k` id sdglr`, tdifjhj `g ’Id msid k` Gmh‘, id `sfrmtjrd Di`xdgkrd Sjv`r, qum`g s`



0;

`gfu`gtrd d hmi`s k` bmiöh`trjs k` id gmôd a`rmkd, fjgsuitd ì‐Kmffmjgdrmj k` H`kmfmgd Miustrdkj„ pdrd r`fjh`gkdri` ug

prjf`kmhm`gtj k` duxmimj d trdvís k` Mgt`rg`t. Imcrjs qu` sdivdg idvmkd k` ids p`rsjgds di s`rvmr fjhj nu`gt` k` fdijr, vmkd pdrd ìfu`rpj2 y fjhj nu`gt` k` mgnjrhdfmög, vmkd pdrd ì mgtì`ftj qu`sdivd id vmkd kì fu`rpj.

Cu`gj, `s ugd smtudfmög vmtdi `g id qu` ijs imcrjs s` r`qum`r`g gjsöij pdrd dimh`gtdr ì `spèrmtu.- ‐¡G`f`smtdhjs häs imcrjs! ¡Häs imcrjs!„ @xfidhdg ijs i`ftjr`sdgt` ì vìjz fjglìdhm`gtj k` id cmcimjt`fd y id mghmg`gt` hu`rt`k` tjkjs ijs r`nulmdkjs `g ìid.

@g `st` fdsj s` gjs hu`strd id cmcimjfdstmdg`f`sdrmd, id g`f`smkdk k` sjcr`vmvmr d fudiqum`rpr`fmj. ] gj ady hòjr fjhcustmci` qu` ijs imcrjs2 idsh`sds, ids smiids j ids `stdgt`rèds qu` pu`cidg idcmcimjt`fd tm`g`g pjfj pjk`r fdiörmfj2 k`c`hjs sdc`rqu` `g ugd famh`g`d `s hòjr qu`hdr imcrjs. [rds

ug hjh`gtj k` `stup`ndffmög pjr pdrt` k` ijs`hpi`dkjs k` id cmcimjt`fd, t`rhmgdg df`ptdgkj idmk`d gj smg dgt`s kmsfutmr df`rfd k` sm `s ièfmtjp`rhmtmr id qu`hd k` ijs imcrjs k` Gm`tzsfa`. V` trdtdk` ug l`gmj kì Vmlij QQ, s`lÿg dnmrhd ìcmcimjt`fdrmj, dugqu` sm`hpr` `s hòjr t`g`r d hdgjugjs fudgtjs hdhjtr`tjs fjg ids i`y`s kì `stdkj jk` id fmukdk, qu` qu`hdr di nmiösjnj di`häg`gdhjrdkj k` su a`rhdgd.0

Pgd s`gsdfmög smhmidr d id `xp`rmh`gtdkd fudgkj s` prjy`ftd ìnu`lj qu` fjgsuh` ijs imcrjs `s id qu` trdgshmt` id imcr`rèd

0 SJV-HDS[MG, Hdrfjs. @i kèd k` hdôdgd cusfdkh` `g ugd

cmcimjt`fd. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/;56/ì-kmd-k`-hdgdgd-

cusfdkh`-`g-ugd-cmcimjt`fd/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj 3545)

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/403/el-dia-de-manana-buscadme-en-una-biblioteca/






00

k`sjfupdkd `g ’[m`g`s ug `-hdmi‘, fudgkj v`hjs ijs `spdfmjs yijs hu`ci`s vdfèjs qu` fjgtrdstdg fjg id mhdl`g pr`fjgf`cmkd

`g id h`hjrmd, k` sdijg`s ii`gjs fjg `stdgt`rèds r`pi`tds kìmcrjs. Dquè ì s`gtmhm`gtj `s k` sji`kdk, k` vdfèj, kì trmst` nmgdik` dilj j k` tjkj. ] `stj s` df`gtÿd fudgkj s` dpdldg ids iuf`sy id p`guhcrd hdrfd ì fjgtrdst` k` sjhcrds y h`kmd iuz `g ìiuldr dcdgkjgdkj.

Hds, dsè fjhj suf`k` fjg tjkj, id hu`rt` s` jpjg` d id vmkd, idrmsd di iidgtj, ì dhjr di jkmj y ij cidgfj d ij g`lrj, ’Ijs s`ms smlgjs

k` id iuz‘ gjs p`rhmt`g v`r mhäl`g`s jpu`stds di nu`lj, ì usj kìì`h`gtj fjgtrdrmj. Id cmcimjt`fd qu` s` mgugkd pjr ì tjrr`gt` k`dlud qu` niuy`, j fd`, k` dcdoj adfmd drrmcd, tr`pd ids `sfdi`rds yijs hurjs y `hpuod ijs imcrjs nu`rd k` id `stdgt`rèd.

@gtr` ijs kmn`r`gt`s usjs qu` suì` kdrs` d ijs imcrjs, v`hjsnr`fu`gt`h`gt` föhj ids huo`r`s ijs fjijfdg sjcr` sus fdc`zdspdrd dpr`gk`r d fdhmgdr `rlumkds y föhj ijs gmôjs s` idsmgl`gmdg pdrd dpmidrijs `g ì suìj y pdrdrs` `gfmhd trdtdgkj k`

difdgzdr dilj qu` s` `gfu`gtrd pjr sjcr` su `stdturd. Gj fdc`kukd k` qu` ijs imcrjs smrv`g pdrd qu` s`dhjs hòjr`s, pdrdfr`f`r y `glrdgk`f`rgjs, pdrd dyukdrgjs d difdgzdr jco`tmvjshäs ditjs, dugqu` `g ’Cdojs mgstmgtjs‘ ugd gjvìmstd `hpi`d susimcrjs fjhj nu`gt` k` mk`ds y ndgtdsèds pdrd prjvjfdr ijsds`smgdtjs qu` smrv`g k` cds` pdrd id jcrd smlum`gt`.

Dk`häs k` `sfrmcmr imcrjs, A`gry, ì qu` vmv` ’Cu sfdgkj dhdr‘, ijsusd pdrd fdihdrs` fudgkj sunr` k` dgsm`kdk. V` dfu`std `g ì

suìj j `g ì sjnä y s` fjijfd vdrmjs imcrjs lrdgk`s y p`sdkjssjcr` ì p`faj. @i p`sj duh`gtd d h`kmkd qu` duh`gtd idt`gsmög y, pjr jtrd pdrt`, su dpdrtdh`gtj, nmì r`niòj k` su vmkd, `sug fjhpi`tj k`sjrk`g k` hufajs imcrjs `g ì suìj, mgfiusmv` ijsqu` fdc`g `g ijs dgdquì`s k` ug hu`ci` cmcimjt`fd.

@g fjgtrdpjsmfmög, ’@i i`ftjr‘ Hmfadì C`rl, ug ojv`g `stukmdgt``gdhjrdkj k` Adggd Vfahmtz, `x-dl`gt` k` ids VV di`hdgds

kurdgt` id V`lugkd Lu`rrd Hugkmdi, sì`ffmjgd fumkdkjsdh`gtìjs imcrjs qu` ii`vd k` id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidr pdrd i``ri` d su dhdkdkurdgt` ids fmtds dhjrjsds `g ì dpdrtdh`gtj k` ístd. Adggd `s



0>

fjgk`gdkd d v`mgt` dôjs k` prmsmög pjr ijs frèh`g`s fjh`tmkjskurdgt` id lu`rrd, y Hmfadì, yd ajhcr` y fjgv`rtmkj `g ug

ndhjsj dcjldkj, fjgtmgÿd cusfdgkj imcrjs qu` íi hmshj lrdcd`g fds`t`s y `gvèd d su dgtmluj dhjr, tjkdvèd `g id färfì.Adggd, dgt` ì `stèhuij r`fmcmkj d trdvís k` ijs dukmjimcrjs,k`fmk`, d p`sdr k` su dvdgzdkd `kdk, nr`fu`gtdr id cmcimjt`fd kìd prmsmög y, dfjstuhcrdkd di `snu`rzj y d id kmsfmpimgd, dpr`gk` di``r y d `sfrmcmr. Vu prmh`r l`stj k` jrluiij, nmrhdr ì imcrj k`prístdhjs `g id cmcimjt`fd.

Mludi `gfjgtrdhjs ug cu`g ò`hpij kì usj k` dukmjimcrjs `g id`sfuìd mgt`rgdkj pdrd mgvmk`gt`s k` ’Sjoj fjhj ì fmìj‘, fudgkjì prjn`sjr, kjg Lmuimj, ijs utmimzd `g sus fids`s k` fm`gfmds yfudgkj Hmrfj, ì gmôj qu` lrdcd ijs sjgmkjs k` id gdturdi`zd,cjrrd dilugds fmgtds pdrd rùtmimzdrids `g su trdcdoj df`rfd k` ids`stdfmjg`s.

Pg `sfrmtjr, a`r`k`rj k` ugd mgÿtmi hmgd k` gdkd, k` id qu` söijsdc` qu` qu`kd `g Fr`td, ii`ld di huìi` kì pu`rtj `g kjgk`

fjgjf` d ’_jrcd ì lrm`lj‘ dgt`s k` dcjrkdr ì cdrfj qu` ijsii`vdrä d id msid. @g h`kmj k` ug tjrr`gfmdi dludf`rj, ijs`gfdrldkjs k` sucmr ijs `qumpdo`s kòdg `g ì suìj ugd lrdg fdodhdrfdkd fjhj ‐Imcrjs„. @i ajhcr` fjrr` d s`gtdrs` sjcr` ìidpdrd prjt`l`rid fjg su fu`rpj, ug hdi`tèg y ì pdrdluds. Oustj`gtjgf`s, ijs hdi`t`rjs kòdg fd`r jtrd fdod qu` s` dcr` y häsimcrjs fd`g di suìj. @i `sfrmtjr dcdgkjgd su pu`stj `g id prmh`rdy fjrr` d r`fjl`rijs cdoj id iiuvmd. Iu`lj, `g ugd sdid k` `sp`rd,tjhd ugj k` ijs imcrjs hjodkjs, qu` ad ludrkdkj cdoj ì crdzj y

s` `gnrdsfd `g su i`fturd hm`gtrds pdsd id tjrh`gtd qu` mhpmk` dicdrfj zdrpdr adfmd Fr`td. @g fdhcmj, Kdpag`, id dkji`sf`gt`gjrt`dh`rmfdgd qu` cusfd ’Pg su`ôj pdrd ìid‘, gj tm`g` r`pdrjspdrd utmimzdr ug imcrj sjcr` su fdc`zd fudgkj s` trdtd k`prjt`l`rs` k` id iiuvmd ijgkmg`gs`.

Cu`gj, ady qu` r`sditdr ì dhjr y id pr`jfupdfmög k` `st` ajhcr`pjr sus imcrjs, tdi v`z su p`rt`g`gfmd häs vdimjsd. @g ì hugkj r`di

tdhcmíg s` suì` jcs`rvdr `sf`gds k` `st` tdidgt`, gj sjidh`gt``gtr` p`rsjgds dkuitds smgj tdhcmíg fjg gmôjs. Vm iiu`v`, `sdcsjiutdh`gt` gjrhdi v`r qu` tjkjs, j fdsm tjkjs, ludrkdg sus



0<

imcrjs cdoj ì crdzj j, mgfiusmv`, ijs prjt`l`g k`gtrj k` id fdhmsd jfudi`squm`r jtrds pr`gkds k` v`stmr. Jcvmdh`gt` sdc`g, dsè s`d k`

hdg`rd sucfjgsfm`gt`, qu` ì imcrj `s vdimjsj, qu` ì imcrj `sfjhpdôèd kurdgt` ijs p`rèjkjs k` `sp`rd y ijs tm`hpjs k` sji`kdk.

Pgd v`z `g ditd hdr, ì sm`hpr` mgkmsfr`tj _jrcd pr`lugtd di`sfrmtjr?-‐º@s ust`k fdsdkj:„ -‐Gj. Gj ij sjy„ -‐K`c` s`r pjr ijs imcrjs„.

Gu`vdh`gt`, j fjhj sm`hpr`, id mk`d pr`fjgf`cmkd, `sp`fmdih`gt``gtr` id l`gt` gj i`trdkd, k` qu` `gtr` ijs imcrjs gj ady s`xj, gj adypidf`r`s, gj s` kmsnrutd gm s` vmv`. Udrd `stds p`rsjgds, id i`fturd,dpdrt` k` kdôdr ijs jojs dljtdgkj id vmstd, sjcr` tjkj sm s` i``k`spuís kì dihu`rzj j id f`gd, fjhj p`gsdcdg hufajs dcuìjs,prjpmfmd ì dmsidhm`gtj sjfmdi y imhmtd, pjr ij tdgtj, ids pjsmcmimkdk`sk` kmsnrutdr ug rjhdgf` y fjgs`lumr ugd pdròd, yd s`d t`hpjrdi jk`nmgmtmvd.

-‐[m`g`s qu` s`r kjs p`rsjgds? id sdgtd y id p`fdkjrd, idcmcimjt`fdrmd y id gukmstd„ kmf` fjhj sm su pdidcrd nu`rd ’Id frukd

v`rkdk‘ ug pr`s`gtdkjr k` tì`vmsmög d su fjhpdô`rd k` trdcdoj,fudgkj i` dfjgsòd sjcr` id hdg`rd k` fjgqumstdr d ug ajhcr`.@stdci`f` ugd s`rm` fjhpdrdtmvd k` fudimkdk`s y k`n`ftjs? ijsjpu`stjs `gtr` vmrtuk y p`fdkj, hjomldt`rèd y imc`rdimkdk, r`cìkèd ysuhmsmög2 p`fdkj y gukmshj fjgtrd sdgtmkdk y r`pr`smög, j, ij qu`pdr`f` fjgsmk`rdg ug smgögmhj, sdgtmkdk y cmcimjt`fd, ij fudi, s`lÿg

íi, vdg k` id hdgj. K`nmgmtmvdh`gt`, ì hugkj k` ijs imcrjs `st`rrmtjrmj k`sfjgjfmkj pdrd hufajs adcmtdgt`s kì pidg`td.

U`rj vjivdhjs fjg ì lrm`lj _jrcd, `g Fr`td, kjgk` su o`n`, ì`sfrmtjr, gj jcstdgt` ids mgfjhjkmkdk`s kì iuldr, s` p`rhmt` dih`gjs ì lustj k` pjs``r ugd p`qu`ôd cmcimjt`fd `g id hms`rdci`fdsufad k` id hmgd, `g kjgk` trdtd k` `sfrmcmr smg íxmtj ougtj d ijsimcrjs qu` fjg tdgtj trdcdoj ijlrö trdgspjrtdr d sdivj p`s` d ids

p`rmp`fmds kì vmdo`.



01

Iu`lj kì ds`smgdtj k` ugd ojv`g vmukd d hdgjs kì ajhcr` rmfj kìpu`cij, _jrcd pr`lugtd di `sfrmtjr?

-‐º¡Ujr quí hurmö tdg ojv`g! Ujr quí k`c` hjrmr dilum`g:¡Kèldhìj!„ -‐Gj ij sí„ -‐¡@gtjgf`s k` quí smrv`g sus hdikmtjs imcrjs! Vm gj i` kmf`g `sj`gtjgf`s quí k`hjgmjs i` kmf`g„ -‐H` adcidg k` id dljgèd k` ijs ajhcr`s qu` gj pu`k`g r`spjgk`rpr`lugtds fjhj `sd„ -‐]j `sfupj `g su dljgèd„

] pdrd id l`gt` auhmik` y s`gfmiid, smg `kufdfmög y smg fjhmkdºVmrv`g k` dilj ijs imcrjs: ºS`spjgk`g, `xpimfdg j sjiufmjgdg ìprjci`hd k` id hu`rt`, oustmnmfdg id `kufdkd dljgèd k` ids p`rsjgdsfuitds, p`gsdgt`s, r`ni`xmvds: Fudgkj id pjcr`zd `s hms`rmd ºsmrv`gijs imcrjs pdrd dilj d ids p`rsjgds fjg adhcr`: ^mígkjij cm`g, idr`ni`xmög vmgj kì mgfríkuij mlgjrdgt`.

Nmgdih`gt`, dgt` ì nrdfdsj tjtdi k` id hmgd y id mghmg`gt`

prjxmhmkdk k` id pdrtmkd, ì `sfrmtjr y _jrcd s` k`spmk`g `g id pidyd?-‐^jiv`r`hjs d v`rgjs„ -‐Gj, o`n`. Pst`k s` mrä… y s` qu`kdrä fjg sus imcrjs„.

Jtrd v`z id mgfr`kuimkdk, id k`sfjgnmdgzd. @st` ajhcr` `kufdkj,i`ftjr y `sfrmtjr, gj vd d kòdr su hugkj k` pdpì pdrd r`lr`sdr dihèj, k` mlgjrdgfmd, pjivj, fdrcög y sukjr, tjtdih`gt` do`gj,dcsjiutdh`gt` kmstmgtj, kjgk` gj `xmst`g ijs imcrjs p`rj sè idsgdvdods. Dsè qu`… ¡Cdmi`hjs!



0=

IDV IMCS@SMDV @G @I FMG@

Gj jivmk`hjs id mhdl`g k` ids imcr`rèds, ì`ldgt`s fjhj `g’Dhjr d prmh`rd vmstd‘, lrdgk`s fjhj `g ’Pg su`ôj pjsmci`‘,’Id fdrtd k` dhjr‘, ’Ijs tr`s k s`js‘ y ’[m`g`s ug `-hdmi‘, `g idfudi s` hu`strd, dk`häs, id p`qu`ôd y trdkmfmjgdi imcr`rèd k`cdrrmj2 fiäsmfds fjhj id k` ’ Gugfd t` vm, sm`hpr` t` dhí‘, hjk`stdsy `sp`fmdimzdkds `g vmdo`s fjhj `g ’Pg iuldr iidhdkj Gjttmgl

Amii‘, imcr`rèds k` vmòj fjhj id ‐C`r gm`»s rdr` cjjbs„, fuyjprjpm`tdrmj `s adiidkj hu`rtj y fjildkj k` id hmshd njrhd fjhjs` miustrd ugd hu`rt` `g ì imcrj sdtägmfj k` ’Id gjv`gd pu`r td‘ j`g imcrjs k` jfuitmshj fjhj id qu` `gjrluii`f` d Sdy, ugj k` ijs`xtrdôjs fm`gtènmfjs qu` fjgnjrhdg ì lrupj k` ’Ijs

fdzdndgtdshds 3‘2 dt`stdkds y k`sjrk`gdkds fjhj `g ’Adrry

Ujtt`r y id fähdrd s`fr`td‘, `g id qu` v`hjs dk`häs id v`gtd kìmcrjs usdkjs, `g fdiiòjg`s jsfurjs y pìmlrjsjs, huy kmn`r`gt`s

d ijs tjikjs, h`sds y fdrr`tds qu` ii`gdg ids fdii`s y id pidzd kùg pu`cimtj di`häg `g ’Fjrdzög k` tmgtd‘, j imcr`rèds hmst`rmjsdsfjhj id imcr`r èd ‐Fudrtj hugkj„, prjpm`kdk k` id tèd k` ’Cmcm id

a`famf`rd‘ y id dÿg häs mgtrmldgt` imcr`rèd kjgk` mgmfmd ’Id amstjrmd

smg nmg‘, k` kjgk` Cdstmdg tjhd fidgk`stmgdh`gt` ì `xtrdôjimcrj, dgt` id kmsmhuidkd fjhpimfmkdk kì tdhcmíg hmst`rmjsjimcr`rj k` dgtmfudrmj, `xtrdôj, aurdôj y lrjs`rj, qu` nuhd pmpd ytu`rf` id cjfd di hòjr `stmij k` Ujp`y` ì hdrmgj, nmgl` gjmgt`r`sdrs` `g ì gmôj, qu` `gtrö d id imcr`rèd ÿgmfdh`gt` pjr

jfuitdrs` k` ijs famfjs hdijs qu` ij p`rsmlu`g k`sk` id `sfuìd,y dugqu` ijs jojs y sjgrmsd föhpimf`s kìdtdg di vmòj, dpdr`gtd



>5

gj kdrs` fu`gtd k` qu` Cdstmdg s` ii`vd ì imcrj prjamcmkj qu` íi`stdcd i`y`gkj adstd fudgkj nu` mgt`rruhpmkj pjr ì hufadfaj.

Id mgkji`gfmd y id mlgjrdgfmd s` `vmk`gfmdg fudgkj fm`rtdsp`rsjgds kòdg dnijrdr fjhpjrtdhm`gtjs huy do`gjs d idurcdgmkdk y id cu`gd `kufdfmög. @i lrupj k` hjkìjs k` ’Pgd

fdrd fjg äglì‘, p`rt`g`fm`gt`s d ugd pr`stmlmjsd fdsd k` hjkds,vd d id imcr`rèd, `g cusfd, s`lÿg id hjkmstd, k` ug dhcm`gt`smgm`strj kjgk` tjhdr ids njtjlrdnèds pdrd ì pröxmhj gÿh`rj k` idr`vmstd. Vjg huo`r`s vdfèds y sup`rnmfmdi`s, pm`gsdg qu` id imcr`rèd`s ug iuldr smgm`strj, qu` ougtj fjg su o`n` y ì njtölrdnj mgvdk`gì iuldr, smg sdiukdr, fdhcmdg id pjsmfmög k` ijs imcrjs `g ijs`stdgt`s smg `sfufadr ids mgÿtmi`s prjt`stds k` id k`p`gkm`gt`, gmsus `xpimfdfmjg`s k` qu` ijs imcrjs s` `gfu`gtrdg jrldgmzdkjs pjrt`hds. Fudgkj sdi`g, smg smqum`rd kdr ids lrdfmds, id imcr`rèd `s ugfdjs k` imcrjs `g ì suìj y sjcr` ids h`sds. Pgmfdh`gt` ìnjtölrdnj s` dp`rsjgd k` fjidcjrdr pdrd r`h`kmdr ì k`sjrk`g.

’Pg iuldr iidhdkj Gjttmgl Amii‘

@s mludih`gt` mgt`r`sdgt` ì fajqu` k` fuiturds, h`gtdimkdk,trdkmfmög y `vjiufmög k` ids imcr`rèds, fjhj s` pu`k` dpr`fmdr `g’[m`g`s ug `-hdmi‘. Pgd hjk`std imcr`rèd k` `stmij trdkmfmjgdi, ‐Idtm`gkd k` id `squmgd„, `sp`fmdimzdkd `g imt`rdturd pdrd gmôjs,a`r`kdkd, dt`gkmkd y dkhmgmstrdkd pjr Farmstmg`, ugd huo`r qu`dhd y fjgjf` su trdcdoj, qu` iufad pdrd gj k`sdpdr`f`r dgt` ìhjgjpjimj k` ids lrdgk`s imcr`rèds k` fdk`gd, ‐Imcrjs Njx `

Amojs„, hjk`rgds `g su drqumt`fturd, hjcmimdrmjs, ì`h`gtjsfjhpi`h`gtdrmjs fjhj fdn`t`rèd, oulu`t`s y sdids k` ou`ljs, häsug `stmij k` dkhmgmstrdfmög g`tdh`gt` h`rfdgtmimstd. @g



>4

fjgtrdpjsmfmög d id ku`ôd k` id p`qu`ôd imcr`rèd, ì k`p`gkm`gt`hjk`rgj k`sfjgjf` d ijs dutjr`s, gj sdc` k` t`hds gm k`

líg`rjs imt`rdrmjs y su mgt`rís s` cdsd `xfiusmvdh`gt` `g ì dftjk` v`gk`r, gj k` `gs`ôdr gm hufaj h`gjs dpr`gk`r, y `hpi`dkmv`rsds `strdt`lmds fjhj id pr`s`gfmd k` ijs dutjr`s nmrhdgkjsus imcrjs k` v`gtd `g ids imcr`rèds, k` ij fudi t`g`hjs cu`gjsò`hpijs `g ’Pg kèd p`rn`ftj‘, ’Cdojs mgstmgtjs‘, ’Adrry Ujtt`r y id

fähdrd s`fr`td‘, ’[m`rrd k` sjhcrds‘ y ’Dgt`s kì dtdrk f`r‘,

amstjrmd kì ojv`g `sfrmtjr O`ss` \diidf`, qum`g dtm`gk` ugd`gtr`vmstd y nmrhd k`kmfdtjrmds `g ugd lrdg imcr`rèd k` Udrès, qu`tdhcmíg `xamc` sus imcrjs `g h`sds y drhdrmjs f`rrdkjs,fjijfdkjs `strdtílmfdh`gt` `g id fdii`, ougtj d id `gtrdkdprmgfmpdi, j tdhcmíg G`mi \disfa fudgkj pr`s`gtd su jcrd’Fjgv`rsdfmjg`s fjg Kmjs‘ `g ugd cjgmtd imcr`rèd, y `s mgt`rruhpmkjpjr ugd i`ftjrd qu` ij mgfr`pd pr`lugtdgkj sm `s` Kmjs `s ìhmshj s`r v`gldtmvj qu` hdtö d su amoj k` km`z y jfaj dôjs.

’Pgd fdrd fjg äglì‘

A`gry Sjta, `sfrmtjr, y Suky Ajit, miustrdkjr, sjg dutjr`sprmgfmpmdgt`s k` imcrjs mgndgtmi`s. A`gry `s qum`g s` pdsd id vmkd’Cusfdgkj dhdr‘, dugqu` kmrèdhjs qu` fjg hufad kmnmfuitdk.Fudgkj Suky hu`r`, id `kmtjrmdi ij r``hpidzd fjg id tdhcmígmiustrdkjrd Iufy Smi`y, qum`g r`suh` su vmkd `g ug smhpi`

fjh`gtdrmj2 @stukmdcd ug kjftjrdkj `g imt`rdturd p`rj dcdgkjgösu t`sms k` lrdkj pjr id miustrdfmög k` imcrjs mgndgtmi`s y `sfjlmö,



>3

pr`fmsdh`gt`, imcrjs mgndgtmi`s, pjr s`r ij häs iòdgj d id imt`rdturd.Furmjsj fjgf`ptj ºgj: Vjcr` tjkj sm sdc`hjs qu` ijs imcrjs

mgndgtmi`s surlm`rjg pjr `vjiufmög k` ids amstjrmds gdrrdkds `gnjrhd jrdi pjr iòdgjs dgt`pdsdkjs k` gu`strjs dgt`f`sjr`sdf`rfd k` sus dv`gturds, y ids k` jtrjs, yd r`di`s j mhdlmgdrmds,fjg ì prjpösmtj k` kmstrd`r j mgstrumr d ijs gmôjs. Ujr su pdrt`,A`gry, ì `sfrmtjr, gj pjkrèd s`r häs lrjs`rj, hdi`kufdkj ydrrjldgt` fjg ìid, fjg su dhmlj Suky, fjg ì `kmtjr y fjg tjkdp`rsjgd qu` tuvm`rd id hdid su`rt` k` fruzdrs` `g su fdhmgj, smgmhpjrtdr qu` nu`rd ugd p`qu`ôd gmôd d id `sp`rd k` ug dutölrdnj.

@i prmh`r imcrj k` A`gry y Suky `s pr`s`gtdkj `g ugd lrdgimcr`rèd, kjgk` nmrhdg imcrjs d gmôjs dfjhpdôdkjs k` sus hdkr`s,dugqu` A`gry jkmd d ijs gmôjs y gj s` r`prmh` pdrd trdtdr d idfamqumiid fjg tjkd su fruìkdk y lrjs`rèd, dk`häs k` hjstrdr tjtdimgkji`gfmd fudgkj ugd hdkr` hditrdtd di p`qu`ôj amoj `g ugdfdn`t`rèd. Ady jtrd pr`s`gtdfmög y nmrhd k` imcrjs `g ugd imcr`rèd,fudgkj sdi` id pucimfdfmög kì prmh`r imcrj miustrdkj pjr Iufy y s`dgugfmd, dk`häs, id pr`s`gtdfmög `g Ijgkr`s kì imcrj k` su

`xgjvmj, qu` ì `kmtjr k` A`gry fdimnmfd fjhj ug ajrrmci` imcrjsjcr` ì rjhdgtmfmshj.

O`r`hy Fjstwdik, ì `xgjvmj k` Iufy, `s tdhcmíg `sfrmtjr, p`rj kìmcrjs pdrd dkuitjs mgtì`ftudi`s sdcìjtjkj. V`lÿg id mgnjrhdfmögjct`gmkd pjr A`gry, `s ug dfdkíhmfj, mgtì`ftudi y crmiidgt`prjn`sjr ugmv`rsmtdrmj, ds`sjr k` t`sms `g ì prjlrdhd k`kjftjrdkj `g imt`rdturd. @st` O`r`hy `sfrmc` kjs k`kmfdtjrmdsmludi`s d ids qu` ÿgmfdh`gt` fdhcmd ì gjhcr` k` id huo`r

dhdkd? ugd pdrd Iufy y jtrd pdrd Vmhhjg`, ids fudi`s `gtr`ld did `kmtjrmdi y s` mhprmh`g `g ì imcrj k` pru`cd hm`gtrds ì dutjrk`fmk` fuäi kòdrä `g id pucimfdfmög.

@g jtrj `sf`gdrmj, Udui Hdrtì `s ug v`gk`kjr k` imcrjs usdkjs,qu` dprjv`fad ì dpdrtdh`gtj k` ug dhmlj `sfuitjr, y dus`gt`,fjhj k`pösmtj k` imcrjs y fjhj f`gtrj täftmfj pdrd sus fjgqumstdsdhjrjsds. [jkjs ijs `spdfmjs k` id vmvm`gkd `stäg jfupdkjs pjr

imcrjs qu` pu`k`g v`rs` `g ijs `stdgt`s, sjcr` ids h`sds, idssmiids y `g ì suìj.



>;

cidgfds ii`gds k` pugtjs p`rnjrdkjs. Ady ugd cjisd k` dr`gdpdrd adf`r ò`rfmfmj, dsè fjhj ì cmcimjt`fdrmj pj`td k` ’@i tr`g k`

_aju ]u‘ i`vdgtdcd pdqu`t`s k` imcrjs d hdg`rd k` p`sds.@kwdrk hmrd id fdhd `g kjgk` su `spjsd ij `gldôd2 ids säcdgdscidgfds `stäg k`st`gkmkds y ady imcrjs `g ì suìj k`cdoj k` ìid.Mludi qu` `g id cmcimjt`fd k` ’@i tr`g k` _aju ]u‘.

@i fdkäv`r k` Udui, ì v`gk`kjr k` imcrjs, sdglrd. Id sdglr` fjrr`pjr ì suìj y ii`ld adstd ijs imcrjs qu` s` `hcdrrdg k` rjoj.@kwdrk `sfjgk` ijs imcrjs `gsdglr`gtdkjs `g id rjpd kì hu`rtjy, häs tdrk`, fudgkj Fjgstdgf` s` `gt`rd k` id hu`rt` kìdhdgt`, jfuitd `g id cdsurd k` id fjfmgd ì imcrj k` pj`sèd qu` íii` r`ldidrd `g su prmh`rd vmsmtd di dpdrtdh`gtj. @std pr`hmsd `sk`nmgmtmvd? Ijs imcrjs sjg pìmlrjsjs pjrqu` `g ìijs, j pjr ìijs, sìi`ld d id v`rkdk. ] ijs k`sajg`stjs, ijs mghjrdi`s, ijs fuipdci`sy ijs mlgjrdgt`s, qum`r`g k`strumrijs. [`hd qu` s` r`pmt` gjsjidh`gt` `g ids pìèfuids, fjhj ugd prjy`ffmög k` id vmkd r`di,smgj `g id hmshd vmkd r`di.

Pgd `sf`gd qu`, `gtr` jtrjs dsp`ftjs, iidhd id dt`gfmög pjr idvuildrmkdk y id k`lrdkdfmög d qu` ad ii`ldkj id prjtdljgmstd,jfurr` `g ugd imcr`rèd `g kjgk` Fjgstdgf` dtdfd `gtr` ids`stdgt`rèds, imcrjs y fim`gt`s, d ugd huo`r, d qum`g gj fjgjf`,pjrqu` supjg` qu` `s jtrd dhdgt` k` Udui.

@i prjn`sjr Udrb`r \misjg ii`vd d id imcr`rèd d ’Adfambj‘, ìfdfajrrj Dbmtd qu` `gfjgtrdrd p`rkmkj `g id `stdfmög k` tr`g`s,fjg ì prjpösmtj k` p`kmr d Hdry Dgg, prjpm`tdrmd k` id imcr`rèd,qu` i` p`rhmtd pjg`r ug dvmsj `g ì fudi mgnjrhd k` su adiidzlj yi` pr`lugtd sm qum`r` qu`kdrs` fjg íi, p`rj Dgtjgmd, id ldtd k`Hdry Dgg, dtdfd di p`rrmtj.

Ijs imcrjs y su `gtjrgj mgmfmdi, ids imcr`rèds, sjg iuldr mk`di pdrd`gfjgtrdr dhmljs, pdrd fjgtdftdr d jtrds p`rsjgds qu` d su v`zg`f`smtdg k` jtrjs, j k` dilj, ` mgkukdci`h`gt` smrv`g pdrd`gfjgtrdrgjs d gjsjtrjs hmshjs. Ids Dgtjgmds gj nditdg. Vm`hpr`

dpdr`f`g `g njrhd k` ldtd hmhdkd j k` kmnmfuitdk j mgt`rn`r`gfmd`g ì fdhmgj pdrd fjgs`lumr ij qu` cusfdhjs. Vöij ady qu`sdc`r hdgòdrids… j `vmtdrids.



>0

Ady ’Pg iuldr iidhdkj Gjttmgl Amii‘ `g kjgk`, fjhj `g tjkj iuldrkmlgj, `xmst` ugd cu`gd imcr`rèd. Oustdh`gt` `g ístd s` fjgjf`g `

mgmfmd, pdrd fjhpidf`gfmd k` ijs `sp`ftdkjr`s, ì rjhdgf` `gtr`su prjpm`tdrmj, \miimdh [adb`r, y id ndhjsd dftrmz k` fmg` DggdVfjtt, qu` vmsmtd ì pu`cij y `gtrd d id imcr`rèd pjr smhpi`furmjsmkdk y pjr pdsdr ì tm`hpj.

@std imcr`rèd, smtudkd fjhj s` kmoj, `g ug iuldr mludih`gt` kmlgj,p`rhmt` k`sfucrmr tdhcmíg di idkrög k` imcrjs, cmcimöhdgj, pèfdrjfjhÿg `g tjkj ì hugkj.

Id dftrmz `gtrd gu`vdh`gt` d id imcr`rèd, p`rj `std v`z `g cusfdk` p`rkög, ii`vdgkj fjhj pr`s`gt` ugd fjstjsd pmgturd jrmlmgdi.Kòd di k`sfucm`rtj su idkj auhdgj, y n`h`gmgj, fudgkj `xfidhdid nrds` qu` s` amzj ndhjsd di trdsf`gk`r nu`rd kì df`tdtj?-‐Vöij sjy ugd famfd, k` pm` nr`gt` d ug famfj, pmkmígkji` qu` iddh`„.

Kdg Curgs `s ug k`stdfdkj p`rmjkmstd, dutjr k` id fjiuhgd ’Kdg

`g id vmkd r`di‘, d trdvís k` id fudi kd fjgsòjs pdrd hòjrdr idsrìdfmjg`s k` pdròd, rìdfmjg`s kmnèfmi`s `gtr` pdkr`s ` amojs, `tf.,dugqu`, pdrdköomfdh`gt`, gj tm`g` hufaj íxmtj `g su vmkdp`rsjgdi fjhj pdkr` vmukj fjg tr`s amods dkji`sf`gt`s.

Kurdgt` ugd vmsmtd d id fdsd k` sus pdkr`s fjg hjtmvj k` ugdrùgmög ndhmimdr, sdi` d tjhdr ug r`spmrj y `gtrd `g ugd imcr`rèdkjgk` Hdrm` ij fjgnugk` fjg ug `hpi`dkj?-‐ºUjkrèd dyukdrh`: @stjy cusfdgkj, ug imcrj, jcvmdh`gt`. Pg

imcrj qu` dtrdp`, qu` sjrpr`gkd, qu` fjghu`vd p`rj di hmshjtm`hpj, gj„. ] Kdg i` r`spjgk`?-‐Cu`gj, `g hm `xp`rm`gfmd, fdsm gugfd s` `gfu`gtrd tjkj `g ugsjij imcrj„.Gj jcstdgt` s` dp`rsjgd k` dt`gk`rid fjhj sm nu`rd ug v`gk`kjr.Ij qu` mlgjrd `s qu` Hdrm`, `s id gjvmd k` su a`rhdgj.

Iu`lj k` pr`s`gtdrs` vdg d ugd fdn`t`rèd `g kjgk` Kdg fu`gtd

ug cu`g r`suh`g k` id amstjrmd k` su vmkd y Hdrm`, fjg ugd famspdk` auhjr y kmv`rsmög drluh`gtd?



>>

-‐º@stäs kmfmígkjh` qu` `r`s ugj k` `sjs vmukjs fjg tr`s amodsqu` cusfdg mgjf`gt`s huo`r`s `g id imcr`rèd:„

[di v`z ids p`rsjgds gj vdg d id imcr`rèd ÿgmfdh`gt` d cusfdrimcrjs. Tumzäs diiè s` pu`kd cusfdr, y fjg dilj k` su`rt``gfjgtrdr, dhmljs, l`gt` fjhj ugj, qu` lust`g k` ijs imcrjs y idi`fturd fjhj ugj, qu` t`gldg ugd vmkd s`hòdgt` j pdr`fmkd d idk` ugj. U`rj, huy k`sdnjrtugdkdh`gt`, tdhcmíg dsmst`g, fjhj dids mli`smds y d ijs lmhgdsmjs, mgkmvmkujs fdr`gt`s k` ítmfd yhjrdi, qu` cusfdg, pr`fmsdh`gt`, p`rsjgds mgl`guds d qum`g`s`gldôdr.

’Kdg `g id vmkd r`di‘

Dp`gds ij ad vmstj ugd v`z `g id fdii`, p`rj Dimf` gj pu`k`fjgt`g`r su mgt`rís y ij smlu` adstd ugd lrdg imcr`rèd `g kjgk`fjhprd ì imcrj qu` gdrrd ids dv`gturds k` Dkdh [diims y su

`qumpj k` `sfdidkjr`s hjgtdômstds, aírj`s kì Amhdidyd. @s ìprmh`r pdsj d su kjijrjsd dv`gturd, su prmh`r iidhdkj pdrdk`fmri` ’Hätdh` sudv`h`gt`‘, yd qu` di smlum`gt` kèd vjiv`rä d idimcr`rèd fjg id miusmög k` `gfjgtrdrij gu`vdh`gt`.

@s gjtjrmd id cmcimjt`fd `g fdsd k` K`cjrda, id a`rhdgd k` Dkdh2íi, hdgmätmfj s`xudi, fìjsj y fruì. @iid, mgf`stujsd, `t`rgd`gdhjrdkd k` su a`rhdgj, ds`smgd k` ids huo`r`s qu` tuvm`rjgid hdid njrtugd k` df`rfärsì`.



><

]d njrhdimzdkd su rìdfmög fjg Dkdh, Dimf` dsmst` d ugd fids` k``sfdidkd `g kjgk` fjgjf` d Biduss, fjdutjr kì imcrj, y i`

`xpr`sd fjg `hjfmög?-‐H` lustö su imcrj„

] Biduss gj s` `snu`rzd pjr jfuitdr id s`gsdfmög k` jrluiijsdtmsn`faj qu` `xp`rmh`gtd fudiqum`r `sfrmtjr di sdc`rs`r`fjgjfmkj y sdc`r qu` su trdcdoj `s dpr`fmdkj, fjhj Cr`tt, id

ojv`g `sfrmtjrd qu`, smg prjpjg`rs` ’Föhj dtrdpdr d ug hmiijgdrmj‘ `sfufad d su dhmld `xfidhdr fjg r`ljfmoj nr`gt` d ug pu`stj k`v`gtd k` imcrjs?-‐¡Hmrd! Dilum`g `stä i`y`gkj tu imcrj„ -‐¡Gj ij pu`kj fr``r!„

Mgkukdci`s y cm`g h`r`fmkjs jrluiij y sdtmsndffmög pjr ì íxmtjjct`gmkj, dsè s`d ugd id p`rsjgd qu` hmrd su fr`dfmög.

@i vmdfrufms k` ijs `sfrmtjr`s `s cdstdgt` k`tdiidkj `g id smlum`gt`pìèfuid? Sjc`rt Adridg, ug fjgtdkjr k`sp`kmkj k` su `hpi`j, s`

k`kmfd k` tm`hpj fjhpi`tj d trdcdodr ’Pg kèd p`rn`ftj‘, su imcrjmgmfmdkj dôjs dträs y vmv` id dv`gturd dglustmjsd k` ijs `sfrmtjr`sprmgfmpmdgt`s y k`sfjgjfmkjs fudgkj trdtd k` pucimfdrij. Vunr` ìr`fadzj k` ijs `kmtjr`s p`rj s` sjstm`g` lrdfmds di dpjyj tjtdi k`su `spjsd Diimsjg, prjtdljgmstd k` id amstjrmd, adstd qu` ì íxmtjkòd k` s`r ug su`ôj pdrd fjgv`rtmrs` `g id r`dimkdk k` ug hugkjgu`vj.

Sjc`rt y su ndhmimd `xp`rmh`gtdg id g`rvmjsd `hjfmög k` dcrmr ì

pdqu`t` `gvmdkj pjr id `kmtjrmdi, id sjrpr`sd di v`r su imcrj, idnjtjlrdnèd, id miusmög k` ìdcjrdr v`rcdih`gt` ugd imstd k` dhmljs yjtrds p`rsjgds `sp`fmdi`s d qum`g`s jcs`qumdrij fjg dhjr yjrluiij. K`spuís, ijs ò`hpidr`s `xpu`stjs `g id imcr`rèd y idg`rvmjsd sdtmsndffmög di v`r su gjhcr` `g id fdrätuid. Idk`smiusmög v`rljgzjsd fudgkj gdkm` dpdr`f` `g id i`fturdprjlrdhdkd `g id imcr`rèd y id s`gsdfmög k` pi`gmtuk di `sfufadrijs dpidusjs y jcs`rvdr d ijs qu` dsmst`g pdrd v`rij y `sfufadrij.

Gj pu`k` `stdr dus`gt` ì ajhcr` qu` s` df`rfd d id h`sd k`nmrhds `g id imcr`rèd y tjhdgkj ug ò`hpidr pr`lugtd di dutjr?



>1

-‐º@s lrdtms:„ ] dgt` id r`spu`std g`ldtmvd vuìv` d kòdr ì imcrjsjcr` id h`sd. ºFuägtjs dutjr`s adg vmvmkj `g fdrg` prjpmd tdi

`xp`rm`gfmd:

U`rsjgds fjgjfmkds y gj, qu` pmk`g su dutölrdnj, mgfiusmv` ijshdijs dhmljs qu` r`dpdr`f`g `g cusfd k` su dhmstdk y sucjgkdk.

Ids frètmfds yd c`gívjids, yd sdrfästmfds?-ºV` t` sucmö d id fdc`zd:-Uukmst` s`r häs auhmik`. Vjgdst` dilj pjhpjsj.

@i surlmhm`gtj k` id vdgmkdk y ì s`gtmrs` pjr `gfmhd k` ijsk`häs, mgfiuy`gkj d qum`g nu` su mgspmrdfmög y i` crmgkö id nu`rzd,id fjhpdôèd y ì vdijr g`f`sdrmjs pdrd sdimr dkìdgt`.

] id lu`rrd smg s`gtmhm`gtjs `gtr` `kmtjr`s dhcmfmjsjs pjrdku`ôdrs` k` ug fjgtrdtj ouljsj fudgkj id jcrd ad hjstrdkj qu``s ug íxmtj y qu` pu`k` prjkufmr hufaj häs kmg`rj.

@g id mgh`gsd imcr`rèd k` usdkjs ‐Nmg` us`k cjjbs„, id ojv`gk`p`gkm`gtd Hdllm` Hdijg` dtm`gk` d ug dgfmdgj hmst`rmjsj dqum`g pr`lugtd?-‐ºTuí cusfd: ] íi r`spjgk`?-Pg imcrj.-^mgj di iuldr mgkmfdkj (Vdrfdshj jcvmj).

Iu`lj k` pds`dr cusfdgkj `g id `stdgt`rèd, ì ajhcr` i` `gtr`ld

ug imcrj tmtuidkj ‐Lrdgk`s `xp`ftdtmvds„, qu` id k`p`gkm`gt` gjsdcèd qu` t`gèdg `g id imcr`rèd. ]d qu` gj dpdr`f` id `tmqu`td kìpr`fmj, ludrkd ì imcrj pdrd dv`rmludrij p`rj `gfu`gtrd `gtr` susajods ug pds` pdrd ijs dftjs k` hdlmd qu` sm`hpr` adcèd qu`rmkjv`r. Di kèd smlum`gt` dcr` gu`vdh`gt` ì imcrj y adiid ug tmqu`t`pdrd sjcr`vjidr id fmukdk `g dvmög. @s auírndgd y pjcr`, dsè qu`su dgaìj k` v`r fuhpimkjs ’Ijs tr`s k`s`js‘ k` su vmkd, `s,nmgdih`gt`, ugd hdrdvmiijsd jfurr`gfmd.

Dugqu` ì imcrj `s v`gkmkj pjr id prjpm`tdrmd k` id imcr`rèd, fjg`gjrh` trmst`zd pdrd Hdllm`, ug ajhcr` ii`ld pdrd, smhpi`h`gt`,



>=

k`vjiv`rij. ] su t`rf`r k`s`j, s`r rmfd, s` vuìv` r`dimkdk d trdvísk` ug ojv`g dcjldkj qu` id fjgkuf` adstd C`rgadrk,

huitmhmiijgdrmj pdkr` k` id hufadfad.

-‐ºGj ads p`gsdkj `g qu` pjkrèds r`gugfmdr d `sd `stÿpmkdimcr`rèd:„. A` dquè, gu`vdh`gt`, ì h`gjspr`fmj pjr ì jnmfmj kìjs imcrjs.

Hdllm` `sfrmc` ug imcrj qu` `sp`rd s`d ug íxmtj. ],r`p`gtmgdh`gt`… -‐¡[` t`glj ugd sjrpr`sd. [u imcrj s`rä pucimfdkj!. Jnr`fmhm`gtj qu` ìid r`fadzd k` hdg`rd rjtugkd pjrqu`fjgsmk`rd qu` gj ij ad ldgdkj pjr hírmtjs prjpmjs. U`rj id jcrds` pucimfd y su ojv`g `gdhjrdkj s` r`sm`gt`?-‐Ví qu` gj `stjy d tu diturd dajrd qu` `sfrmc`s sjcr` prmgf`sdsy fjsds dsè„.

Dsè fjhj ady `sfrmtjr`s, `kmtjr`s y i`ftjr`s k` fjstuhcr`s jmgfimgdfmjg`s gj huy sdgftds, tdhcmíg ijs ady `gtr` ijs imcr`rjs.

Dp`gds kmvjrfmdkd, @imzdc`ta Lmic`rt, id `sfrmtjrd vmdo`rd k`’Fjh`r, r`zdr, dhdr‘, vmsmtd ugd imcr`rèd `g cusfd k` dilÿg imcrjqu` i` dyuk` d sup`rdr id frmsms dgèhmfd pjr id qu` dtrdvm`sd. U`rjij qu` `gfu`gtrd `s ugd v`gk`kjrd dgtmpätmfd y k` hdi fdräft`rqu` jcs`qumd d Imz id p`jr k` sus hmrdkds y kmf` `g tjgj fdsmjn`gsmvj, qu` id s`ffmög k` kmvjrfmdkjs qu`kd cdodgkj k` ids`sfdi`rds. U`rj yd gj sjg ldo`s kì jnmfmj smgj k`n`ftjs k` idfjgstmtufmög auhdgd. Adf` tm`hpj kmoj ug ajhcr` sdcmj, qu` gjady hdids prjn`smjg`s smgj hdijs prjn`smjgdi`s.

Dcrdhjs dquè ug `spdfmj, prmh`rj, pdrd `kmtjr`s ` mhpr`sjr`s,fjhj ì tmrdgj Odfb [dyijr `g ’Id amod k` hm o`n`‘ y ijs prmgfmpdi`sprjtdljgmstds k` ’Föhj dtrdpdr d ug hmiijgdrmj‘ qu` pjg` sjcr`ì tdp`t` id vmkd k` ijs `kmtjr`s, su kmnèfmi tdr`d dgt` id kukd `gtr`dprjcdr ug imcrj `g prjy`ftj k` pucimfdfmög j r`fadzdrij ypjsmci`h`gt` k`strumr d ug `sfrmtjr, tdi v`z ug nuturj `xfì`gt``sfrmtjr. Id ruk`zd v`rsus id s`gsmcmimkdk kì `kmtjr. Id kukd kì

`kmtjr ajg`stj df`rfd k` sm k`c` j gj r`dimzdr `s` tmpj k` trdcdoj.



<5

Hu`strd id rìdfmög kì `kmtjr fjg `sfrmtjr`s gjvdtjs y fjgndhjsjs pr`suhmkjs, id iufad, d v`f`s gjci` y jtrds k`si`di `gtr`

nmrhds `kmtjrmdi`s pjr jct`g`r fjgtrdtjs y ldgdgfmds. V`lugkj,cmcimönmijs y imcr`rjs. Ujk`hjs k`t`g`rgjs `g ì uhcrdi k` idpìmlrjsd ’Gjv`gd pu`rtd‘ pdrd `gfjgtrdr lrdgk`s fji`ffmjg`sprmvdkds, fdsm s`fr`tds, k` imcrjs dgtmlujs y k` `kmfmjg`sfurmjsds, p`rj `s`gfmdih`gt` fjstjsds. Pg hugkj k`sfjgjfmkjpdrd id hdyjrèd k` ids p`rsjgds do`gds di h`kmj k` ijsfjgjf`kjr`s `xp`rtjs. Imcr`rjs qu` dtdfdg fjhj cumtr`s d ijsprjpm`tdrmjs k` t`sjrjs cmcimjlränmfjs y s` k`vjrdg `gtr` sè,imt`rdih`gt`, `g iufad d hu`rt` pjr ids ouljsds ldgdgfmds. ^mv`gk` ijs imcrjs, di pugtj qu` Cjrms Cdibdg, ì fji`ffmjgmstd y `sfrmtjrk` imcrjs sjcr` t`hds k`hjgèdfjs, usd fjhj `xpr`smög k`s`lurmkdk id nrds`?-‐Dpjstdrèd ug pdr k` Cmcimds k` Lut`gc`rl d qu`…„

] fudgkj s` r`ÿg` `g su cmcimjt`fd fjg K`dg Fjrzj, ì imcr`rjmgv`stmldkjr, p`rhmt` dnijrdr id sdtmsndffmög k` su jrluiij?-‐¡A`rhjsj! ºv`rkdk: @i crmiij sudv`, ijs kjrdkjs sjcr` ì fu`rj,

pjr gj adcidr k` ijs smlijs k` sdcmkurèd qu` fjgtm`g`g„. -‐Fjgjzfj l`gt` qu` s`rèd fdpdz k` hdtdr pjr ugd fji`ffmögdsè„. -‐¡Drs kmäcjim! Gugfd v`rä r ugmkjs tdgtjs imcrjs sjcr` `st` t`hd`g jtrd pdrt` kì hugkj. Vjg ids `kmfmjg`s häs furmjsds ysì`ftds qu` `xmst`g. A` tdrkdkj tjkd ugd vmkd `g rùgmrijs. Vöijnditdcd id pm`zd hd`strd„. -‐Ids gu`v` pu`rtds kì r`mgj k` ids sjhcrds„. Vu dutjr `mhpr`sjr nu` qu`hdkj pjr id Mgqumsmfmög ougtj fjg tjkds sus

jcrds„„.

Id imstd k` ds`smgdtjs y sumfmkmjs gj t`rhmgd `g id Mgqumsmfmög. Idhdikmfmög difdgzd ugj d ugj d ijs dkmg`rdkjs fji`ffmjgmstds?

Dgkr`w [ìn`r, Ndrlds, id Cdrjg`sd B`ssi`r, id `spjsd k` [ìn`r,qum`g fudgkj fjgjf` d Fjrsj i` kmf`?-‐º@s íst` su trdcdoj: ºDut`gtmnmfdr imcrjs dgtmlujs:-‐] tdhcmíg ijs cusfj„

-‐¡Da! @s ug k`t`ftmv` k` imcrjs„.



<3



<6

IDV CMCIMJ[@FDV @G @I FMG@

Tu` id cmcimjt`fd `s pdrt` mgt`lrdi k` id sjfm`kdk `g pdès`s k`fuiturds k`sdrrjiidkds, pjk`hjs v`rij `g ’Pg äglì `g hm h`sd‘ fudgkj id `sfrmtjrd g`jzìdgk`sd, Odg`t Nrdh`, dÿg gmôd, r`fmc``gfdgtdkd su pr`hmj fjhj ldgdkjrd kì fjgfursj `sfjidr k`pj`sèd2 Pgd vmsmtd d id cmcimjt`fd. ¡Mgfr`èci`! Ady iuldr`s `gkjgk` fjgjf`r ugd cmcimjt`fd `s ug pr`hmj.

@g ’K`s`j y k`f`pfmög‘ suf`k` qu` ì híkmfj psmqumdtrd k`sfucr`,

`g ugd lrdg cmcimjt`fd, di pdr`f`r, ugmv`rsmtdrmd, qu` id ajhmfmkdadcèd tjhdkj k` id fji`ffmög Vmlhugk Nrùk, fjhpu`std pjrvdrmjs vjiuhmgjsjs tjhjs, ug su`ôj dgdimzdkj pjr ìpsmfjdgdimstd, qu` id huo`r utmimzö pdrd `gldôdr di híkmfj y d idsdutjrmkdk`s. @s ugd k`hjstrdfmög k` qu` id cmcimjt`fd, hufajhäs qu` ugd ijfdfmög fmg`hdtjlränmfd, `s ug ì`h`gtj fidv` kìd amstjrmd y hufaj häs qu` ug iuldr pdrd G`rks ` mgtì`ftudi`sk` id vmkd r`di.

@g fdsm tjkds ids pìèfuids `g ids qu` dpdr`f` ugdcmcimjt`fd id `sf`gd lmrd `g tjrgj d ug kdtjfjgf`cmkj k` kmn`r`gt`s hdg`rds, y s` fjgstruy`,`gtjgf`s, fjhj ì iuldr kì sdc`r j ì iuldr `g ì qu`s` sdc` j ì iuldr `g kjgk` `stä ij qu` s` g`f`smtdsdc`r. Ujr `sj tjkj ì `spdfmj k`c` dhcm`gtdrs` dpdrtmr k` jco`tjs k` sdcmkurèd j fjgjfmhm`gtj y `s `g`std g`f`smkdk kjgk` dpdr`f`g ids fr``gfmds

fji`ftmvds, ids r`pr`s`gtdfmjg`s sjfmdi`s kìfjgjfmhm`gtj. @i jco`tj pjr `xfì`gfmd qu`r`pr`s`gtd ì sdc`r `s ì imcrj, id pr`s`gfmd k` ugd



<0

hjv`dci` n`dst„, Udrès `rd ugd nm`std, k` @rg`st A`hmglwdy, idfudi ii`vd d id cmcimjt`fd pdrd k`vjiv`rid y, k`sk` iu`lj, diiè s`

`gfu`gtrd fjg su äglì `gdhjrdkj, k`kmfdkj d jcs`rvdrid.

Fudgkj Hdlly fjgjf` id v`rkdk k` id prjf`k`gfmd k` V`ta yk`fmk` cusfdrij pdrd k`sp`kmrs`, vd kmr`ftdh`gt` d id cmcimjt`fd,k` njrhd tdg gdturdi fjhj sm nu`rd d cusfdr d ug äglì `g ì fmìjy `g kjgk`, dugqu` gj pu`k` v`rijs, ady k`f`gds k` äglì`s `gijs fjrr`kjr`s k` tjkjs ijs pmsjs, jcs`rvdgkj furmjsjs yfdiidkjs. º@s qumzäs k`hdsmdkj rjhägtmfj p`gsdr qu` sm ijsäglì`s g`f`smtdrdg ug r`nulmj `g id tm`rrd, `sfjl`rèdg idscmcimjt`fds fjhj fudrtì y ajldr: Ujrqu`, dsè hmshj

’Ids dids kì k`s`j‘ `s id vmsmög k` ijs äglì`s kìd ludrkd, d qum`g`s ÿgmfdh`gt` ijs gmôjs pu`k`gv`r, yd qu` ijs dkuitjs adg p`rkmkj id fdpdfmkdk k`vmvmr s`lÿg ì `spèrmtu. ] id Cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd k`C`rièg `s ì `sf`gdrmj p`rn`ftj pdrd s`gtmr idpr`s`gfmd k` äglì`s qu` fustjkmdg d ijs i`ftjr`s,

smg kmäijljs, fjg ì susurrj k` p`gsdhm`gtjs qu`sjg `sfufadkjs söij pjr ijs äglì`s, qum`g`spds`dg trdgqumidh`gt` j k`sfdgsdg sjcr` fjrgmsds,`g ug dhcm`gt` mk`di pdrd id h`kmtdfmög.<

@s häs2 `std ’Fmukdk k` äglì`s‘, fjg su cmcimjt`fd k` äglì`s,hu`strd tdhcmíg id cmcimjt`fd kì ajspmtdi y id lrdg h`sd kì`fturd fmrfuidr kjgk` id kjftjrd Smf` fjgsuitd imcrjs k` h`kmfmgd,dsè fjhj id t`rr`gdi p`rj jrk`gdkd cmcimjt`fd k` su dpdrtdh`gtj,

tdi fjhj `xmst`g cmcimjt`fds p`rsjgdi`s `g mgfjgtdci`s pìèfuids,pjr ò`hpij ids cjgmtds y cm`g surtmkds k` ’[m`g`s ug `-hdmi‘, `gijs dpdrtdh`gtjs k` ijs kjs imcr`rjs prjtdljgmstds.

Tumzäs r`suit` furmjsj ì a`faj k` qu` ’Fmukdk k` äglì`s‘ r`nm`rd`gjrh`s sdids k` i`fturd `g kmn`r`gt`s pmsjs, p`rn`ftdh`gt`

<

Mhdl`g cmcimjt`fdrmd `g ì fmg`. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.fmrmj.mgnj/fmrmj;.athi (Fjgsuitd 35 N`cr`rj 3545)

http://www.cirio.info/cirio4.html




<>

vmsmci`s k`sk` fudiqum`r iuldr k` jtrj pmsj, fjhj pu`stjs k`jcs`rvdfmög k`sk` kjgk` ijs äglì`s, v`stmkjs mludi qu` sus

ajhöijljs k` id v`rsmög dgt`rmjr, ’Ids dids kì k`s`j‘, fjg idrljssjcr`tjkjs g`lrjs, vmlmidg d ijs i`ftjr`s sjimtdrmjs, famfjs ylrdgk`s, `gsmhmshdkjs `g su i`fturd, j su hugkj, j su prjci`hdp`rsjgdi y smgluidr. ºDfdsj id i`fturd smi`gfmjsd `s k` pjr sèsjimtdrmd:

], jpu`stdh`gt` d id pdfènmfd pidfmk`z prjy`ftdkd pjr s`r`s`spmrmtudi`s, Dgky Krun`sg`, `x cdgqu`rj fjgk`gdkj d ’Fdk`gd

p`rp`tud‘, pjr ug ds`smgdtj qu` gj fjh`tmö, `s usudrmjp`rhdg`gt` k` id cmcimjt`fd `g id p`gmt`gfmdrèd k` Vadwsadgb ys` mgvjiufrd k` tdi hdg`rd qu` k`fmk` pdrtmfmpdr k` njrhd dftmvd`g id hòjrd k` id hmshd, mgfr`h`gtdgkj ids fji`ffmjg`s ydk`fudgkj ids mgstdidfmjg`s. K` `std njrhd ijlrd fjgnjrhdr ugdgu`vd cmcimjt`fd kjtdkd k` hjcmimdrmj, sdid k` i`fturd, hdt`rmdidukmjvmsudi, hòjr hdt`rmdi cmcimjlränmfj y s`rvmfmjs, lrdfmds d idskjgdfmjg`s k` kmn`r`gt`s mgstmtufmjg`s d ids qu` ì r`j adcèd`sfrmtj fdrtds s`hdgdi`s kurdgt` dôjs. Nmgdih`gt` fjgsmlu` qu`

id cmcimjt`fd s` fjgvm`rtd `g ug prjlrdhd k` [rdcdoj sjfmdi y `gug f`gtrj k` dindc`tmzdfmög qu` ii`vd ì gjhcr` k` "CrjjbsAdti`g" `g ajgjr kì prmh`r cmcimjt`fdrmj qu` tuvj id prmsmög.

@g jtrd färfì, ijs ludrkmds cidgfjs dtdfdg `gtr` ids `stdgt`rèdsdi fjgvmftj g`lrj `gfdrldkj k` id cmcimjt`fd2 drrjodg imcrjs dipmsj, ugd y jtrd v`z, s` curidg k` íi y ij jn`gk`g pjr s`r g`lrj.U`rj gj s` kòd mgtmhmkdr. Fjgs`rvd ì dpijhj y id mgtìml`gt`kmpijhdfmd g`f`sdrmd pdrd adf`rijs dcdgkjgdr ì mgt`gtj k` kdri`

ugd ljipmzd. Dugqu` id v`gldgzd gj s` adf` `sp`rdr pdrd ’@ifidg k` ijs rjhpàu`sjs‘, yd qu` kurdgt` ì pdrtmkj k` nÿtcjidh`rmfdgj `gtr` ludrkmds y pr`sjs, s` df`rfd d ug lmldgt`sfj

ouldkjr g`lrj d qum`g i` kmf` di jèkj?-‐ºVdc`s ij qu` ì o`n` k` ludrkmdg`s kmoj k` tm `g id cmcimjt`fd:¡Kmoj qu` `r`s ug r`trdsdkj h`gtdi!„. Gj jcstdgt`, id pì`d `gtrìjs pr`sjs `s mg`vmtdci` `g id cmcimjt`fd fdrfìdrmd k` ’Pg rjhdgf`

pìmlrjsj‘.

Udgtdi`ög Udgtjod, fdpmtäg kì òírfmtj p`rudgj, ì hmshj qu` smgugmnjrh` `s ì mgfölgmtj ’Udgtdi`ög y ids vmsmtdkjrds‘, r`fmc`



<<

örk`g`s k` ditjs sup`rmjr`s pdrd k`spidzdrs` d id sìvddhdzögmfd fjg id hmsmög s`fr`td k` pr`v`gmr y ìmhmgdr id s`rm` k`

vmjidfmjg`s fjh`tmkds d kmdrmj pjr pdrt` k` ijs hmimtdr`s`hpidzdkjs `g id r`lmög. Pgd v`z ìdcjrdkj su hmgufmjsj pidgk` trdcdoj, `xpimfd di l`g`rdi y di fdpìiäg k` id ludrgmfmög qu`sus prjy`ffmjg`s pdrd id fr`dfmög y nugfmjgdhm`gtj k` ugprjstècuij dhcuidgt`, k`stmgdkj d pr`stdr s`rvmfmjs s`xudi`s d idtrjpd dfdgtjgdkd d ij idrlj k` id sìvd y k`gjhmgdkj V`rvmfmj k`^msmtdkjrds kì @oírfmtj U`rudgj, s` cdsdg `s `stukmjs y i`fturdsk` ugd s`rmd cmcimjlrdnèd fm`gtènmfd df`rfd k` ids g`f`smkdk`ss`xudi`s cäsmfds prmhdrmds, fuyd imstd k` dutjr`s, ijs häsk`stdfdkjs s`xöijljs, psmföijljs y cmöijljs, dsè fjhj ijs t`xtjsfjrr`spjgkm`gt`s, pu`k`g fjgsuitdrijs `g id p`qu`ôd cmcimjt`fdkì F`gtrj Ijlèstmfj. ¡@g pi`gd sìvd dhdzögmfd!

@i fmg`, fjhj ug t`xtj k` Cmcimjt`fjijlèd, gjs hu`strd cmcimjt`fdsqu` prjcdci`h`gt` gugfd mhdlmgdhjs? id k` ug pjrtdvmjg`s `g’@i vuìj kì mgtrusj‘, j id cmcimjt`fd surr`dimstd k` ugd `stdfmög k`cus`s `g ’Imstd k` `sp`rd‘. Mgfiusmv` ady ugd cmcimjt`fd `g ì

fjfa` fdsd k` Vaì`y, id `stmimstd k` ’@i prmh`r c`sj‘. Diiè, `g ìtrdmi`r, s` pr`s`gtd ugd smtudfmög `sp`fmdi fudgkj id p`qu`ôd^`rd, k` jgf` dôjs, tjhd ugj k` ijs imcrjs kì dgdquì yfjhm`gzd d i``r fjg ug l`stj k` mgjf`gt` pmfdrkèd. Vaì`y s`dpr`surd d qumtdri` ì imcrj kmfm`gkj?-‐Gj k`c`s i``r `stj. @s… pdrd dkuitjs„. -‐ºIjs ads i`èkj tjkjs: ºK` quí trdtdg:„ -‐@g l`g`rdi k` dhjr… y rjhdgf`„.

Fidrj qu` s` k`c` s`pdrdr id imt`rdturd pdrd gmôjs k` ids jcrdspdrd dkuitjs. Gj `s hjomldt`rèd. [jkj d su tm`hpj. Gj s` k`c`hdkurdr d id nu`rzd fjhj ijs dludfdt`s `gvuìtjs `g pdpìp`rmökmfj. Ijs gmôjs k`c`g s`r gmôjs y hdkurdr `g su prjf`sjgjrhdi y gdturdi. Tumzäs ì k`sfucrmhm`gtj k` id vmkd y dilugds k`sus hÿitmpi`s ndf`tds, d trdvís k` id i`fturd k` fm`rtjs imcrjs,pukm`rd jfdsmjgdr mgqum`tuk`s, k`sfjgfm`rtj ` mgt`rpr`tdfmjg`s`quèvjfds `g id h`gt` k` p`rsjgds qu` dÿg gj `stäg pr`pdrdkds

gm nèsmfd gm psmfjiölmfdh`gt` pdrd `gt`gk`r y dsmhmidr dsp`ftjstdi`s fjhj ì s`xj, ijs fjgnimftjs k` pdròd j id h`gtdimkdk k` ijsdkuitjs, tdg fjhpiòd y hufads v`f`s rumg, `ljèstd y tjtdih`gt`



<1

jpu`std d id smhpimfmkdk smgf`rd y k`sfjhpimfdkd k` ijs gmôjs2 `gjtrds pdidcrds, id mgjf`gfmd.

U`rj ºquí tm`g` qu` v`r id mgjf`gfmd fjg ’Cmiiy @iimjt‘ fudgkj sì` gm`ld id fjgsuitd k` ug imcrj k` cdii`t, ÿgmfdh`gt` pjrqu` `stäfidsmnmfdkj `g id s`ffmög pdrd dkuitjs:

Vmg kukd, y smg mhpjrtdr qu` s` trdt` k` dsugtjs p`qu`ôjs jlrdgk`s, gj nditd qum`g ò`rzd k`t`rhmgdkd hdgmpuidfmög k` idmgnjrhdfmög k`pjsmtdkd `g sus hdgjs. ], `g ug f`gtrj k`mgnjrhdfmög, fudiqum`rd qu` s`d? cmcimjt`fd, drfamvj j f`gtrj k`kjfuh`gtdfmög, di mludi qu` `g id pjiètmfd j id fm`gfmd, `s kjgk`s` fuhpi` fjg hdyjr `xdftmtuk id pr`hmsd k` qu`, pdrd cm`g jpdrd hdi ‐Tum`g tm`g` id mgnjrhdfmög tm`g` ì pjk`r„.

@g id [adtfa`r H`hjrmdi Imcrdry, id cmcimjt`fdrmd, C`rtad Dgk`rsjg, `s ì `st`r`jtmpj k` id sjit`rjgd, qu` p`rhmt` dip`rmjkmstd O`rry [ajhpsjg fjgsuitdr ì njgkj k` hdgusfrmtjs,p`rj i` dkvm`rt` qu` k`c` t`rhmgdr id i`fturd ‐`gtr` ids fudtrj y

fudtrj y tr`mgtd„ y fjgsuitdr `xfiusmvdh`gt` ids pälmgds qu` trdtdgk` ’@i fmuk dkdgj Fdg`‘, k` id 16 d id 4;3.

Jtrj ò`hpij `xpièfmtj `g fudgtj s` r`nm`r` d hdgmpuidfmög kìpjk`r qu` jst`gtd qum`g hdgòd mgnjrhdfmög `s ì s`ôjr Vtrmgl`r,ì cmcimjt`fdrmj k` ’@i tr`g k` ids ;?05‘, fudgkj gm`ld d id usudrmdugd gjvìd k` hjkd, fjg ì pr`t`xtj k` qu` dÿg gj ad ii`ldkj did cmcimjt`fd, p`rj id sdfd k` dcdoj kì hjstrdkjr pdrd`gtr`lärsìd d jtrd p`rsjgd, dgt` ij fudi, gm häs nditdcd, s`

prjkuf` ì oustj r`fidhj k` id prmh`rd.

Fdsj kmn`r`gt` di k` Vu`, id cmcimjt`fdrmd qu` pr`std d Lrdadh ugimcrj sjcr` v`g`gjs, ’Hdgudi kì ojv`g `gv`g`gdkjr‘, d `sfjgkmkdskì kmr`ftjr, d sdcm`gkds k` qu` íst` yd adcèd g`ldkj ìprístdhj di ojv`g pjrqu` `stdcd fidsmnmfdkj fjhj imt`rdturd pdrddkuitjs.

Vm pdrtmhjs k` id mk`d k` qu` ì fmg` `s ugd`xpr`smög drtèstmfd `g id qu` ì dutjr hdgmnm`std suvmsmög p`rsjgdi sjcr` ug a`faj r`di j mhdlmgdkj, y



<=

qu` tjkd vmsmög p`rsjgdi `stä mgniumkd pjr sus`xp`rm`gfmds p`rsjgdi`s, pjr id sjfm`kdk y id fuiturd

d id qu` p`rt`g`f`, `gtjgf`s pjkrèdhjs k`fmr qu` ìfmg` `s ug r`niòj k` `xp`rm`gfmds p`rsjgdi`s,sjfmdi`s y fuiturdi`s kì kmr`ftjr, lumjgmstd, `tf.

Vmlum`gkj fjg `std mk`d, v`hjs föhj ids sjfm`kdk`s`g ids qu` ids cmcimjt`fds `stäg häs vdijrdkds s`r`niòdg pdipdci`h`gt` `g ì fmg`. [jkjs sdc`hjsqu` `g ids pìèfuids dh`rmfdgds `s kjgk` idscmcimjt`fds dpdr`f`g häs v`f`s, y `stj `s huygjrhdi, yd qu` `g kmfad sjfm`kdk ì usj k` `stdmgstmtufmög `stä huy `xt`gkmkj y ids cmcimjt`fds sùtmimzdg `g id hmshd h`kmkd qu` jtrjs s`rvmfmjs k` idfjhugmkdk.

Vmg `hcdrlj, `stj gj suf`k` `g @spdôd gm `g ijspdès`s idtmgjdh`rmfdgjs. @g ì fmg` mc`rjdh`rmfdgjsjg huy pjfds ids pìèfuids `g ids qu` dpdr`f` ugd

cmcimjt`fd. Ujr ì fjgtrdrmj, jtrjs dsp`ftjs k` gu`strdsjfm`kdk sè dpdr`f`g d h`gukj, fjhj sjg idsrùgmjg`s `g ijs cdr`s j ì nÿtcji. Tu` vdyd pjrkìdgt` qu` gj s` tm`g` gdkd `g fjgtrd k` `stdsdftmvmkdk`s k` ids qu` gjsjtrjs pdrtmfmpdhjs2smhpi`h`gt` s` `xpjg`g fjhj pdrt` k` ugd r`dimkdkfuiturdi.

@g ì fmg` gjrt`dh`rmfdgj tdhcmíg dpdr`f`g

rùgmjg`s `g cdr`s j kìdgt` kì tì`vmsjr k` fdsdvm`gkj ug pdrtmkj k` nÿtcji dh`rmfdgj, p`rj dk`häsk` `stds hdgmn`stdfmjg`s fuiturdi`s dpdr`f` idcmcimjt`fd, dugqu` su dpdrmfmög `g id pìèfuid s`dhuy cr`v`. Mgk`p`gkm`gt`h`gt` k` id mhdl`g qu` kìd cmcimjt`fd y kì p`rsjgdi cmcimjt`fdrmj s` pidshd `gì fmg`, `s fidrj qu` ì usj k` `st` r`fursj pjr pdrt`kì fmg`dstd `s ug pugtj d ndvjr k` kmfad fuiturd.

@g fudgtj d id mhdl`g k` id cmcimjt`fd `g ì fmg` s`pu`k` k`fmr qu` `s huy vdrmdci` k`p`gkm`gkj k` id



15

ípjfd `g qu` `stí dhcm`gtdkd id pìèfuid, p`rj`s`gfmdih`gt` k` id mhdl`g fjgf`ptudi kì kmr`ftjr

y, sjcr` tjkj, k` ijs dhcm`gtdkjr`s y qum`g`s tm`g`gd su fdrlj id r`spjgsdcmimkdk kì v`studrmj„.

Jtrd mhdl`g r`furr`gt` `s id k` id cmcimjt`fd dgtmlud,ii`gd k` s`fr`tjs qu` ludrkdg ì sdc`r y fuyjdff`sj `stä imhmtdkj d prmvmi`lmdkjs. @stj s` dlukmzdfjg ug `gtjrgj sjcrmj y lrms, ii`gj k` imcrjsdhjgtjgdkjs, dpmidkjs, cdoj ugd fdpd k` pjivj ytìdrdôds. Pg iuldr mgdff`smci` fustjkmdkj pjr ugvmòj cmcimjt`fdrmj qu` fjgsmk`rd fudiqum`r vmsmtdfjhj ugd mgtrjhmsmög `g su prmvdfmkdk.

K` `std mhdl`g sdfrd k` id cmcimjt`fd hjstrdkd `gdilugds pìèfuids, pdsdhjs d jtrd häs dfjrk` fjg idr`dimkdk dftudi. Pg iuldr imhpmj ` miuhmgdkj, fjg ugdfji`ffmög k` imcrjs jrldgmzdkjs `g `stdgt`rèds y kìmcr` dff`sj. @g `stds cmcimjt`fds ijs fjh`gtdrmjs `g

vjz cdod `stäg p`rhmtmkjs, ndvjr`fm`gkj id mk`d k`s`r ug iuldr kjgk` id l`gt` pu`k` rùgmrs` j s`pu`k` adf`r dhmljs.1

Ids cmcimjt`fds, lrdgk`s j p`qu`ôds, iuojsds j hjk`stds, s` usdgtdhcmíg fjhj mgkmfmj k` fuiturd, k` `stukmj, j smhpi`h`gt` fjhjì`h`gtj k`fjrdtmvj? pjr ì`ldgfmd, cm`g`stdr `fjgöhmfj ykmstmgfmög. @g `st` ÿitmhj fdsj ijs prjtdljgmstds odhäs tjfdg gmhufaj h`gjs i``g ug imcrj, dugqu` pu`k`g, smg r`pdrj dilugj,

utmimzdr id cmcimjt`fd fjhj `sf`gdrmj pdrd dpdsmjgdkds `sf`gdsk` dhjr, fjhj `g ’@xpmdfmög, k`s`j y U`fdkj‘, `gtr` F`fmii`, amodk` ijs rmfjs ku`ôjs k` id hdgsmög y Sjccm`, amoj kì dhd kìidv`s, j `g ’Udrty lmri‘, fudgkj ugd gjfa`, id gu`vd duxmimdr,fjhpi`tdh`gt` `crmd, mgvmtd d su gjvmj d adf`r ì dhjr `g id

1 Id cmcimjt`fd fjhj dtr`zzj `g ì fmg`. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

9attp?//cmcimjfmg`nmijs.cijlspjt.fjh/355=/5=/id-cmcimjt`fd-fjhj-dtr`zzj-`g-ì-fmg`.athi7 N`fad k` fjgsuitd > k` @g`rj 3545

http://bibliocinefilos.blogspot.com/2009/09/la-biblioteca-como-atrezzo-en-el-cine.html






14

cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd `g kjgk` trdcdod2 j `g ’@i tr`g k` _aju ]u‘, `gfuyd cmcimjt`fd, trdcdoj y vmvm`gkd kì cmcimjt`fdrmj Fa`gl Famgl,

adf` ijfdh`gt` ì dhjr fjg su gjvmd _aju ]u, ugd ojv`g pmgtjrdk` pjrfìdgds, sm`hpr` qu` ìid ij vmsmtd. ] s` r`furr`pr`fmsdh`gt` d id cmcimjt`fd pjrqu` ij mrr`v`r`gt`, tdgtj fjhj ijprjamcmkj, iidhd id dt`gfmög, fjgkmh`gtd y kd sdcjr d id trdhd kìd pìèfuid. ] pjr supu`stj, d id vmkd r`di.

’@xpmdfmög, k`s`j y U`fdkj‘

Fudgkj ì s`xj `s fjsd k` lrdgk`s y ids ajrhjgds pr`t`gk`gadf`ri` fr``r d ugj qu` yd `s dkuitj, `g id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidr k`’Dh`rmfdg pm`‘ s` `gfu`gtrd ug imcrj pjrgjlränmfj.= @s ug vjiuh`g`hpdstdkj fjhj ug dgtmluj fökmlj qu` ijs `stukmdgt`s iidhdg‐Id cmcimd„ y ij trdgshmt`g k` fursj `g fursj. U`rj gj `stä didifdgf` k` tjkjs? `stä, k` a`faj, `sfjgkmkj `g ì kjci` njgkj k`

ug `sfrmtjrmj k` hdk`rd. ] ijs `stukmdgt`s `stäg `hp`ôdkjs `gadcidr kì ÿgmfj drluh`gtj qu` i`s mgt`r`sd? ¡@i s`xj!

Ujr jtrd pdrt`, ijs dgdquì`s ii`gjs k` imcrjs sjg ì pugtj k`jcs`rvdfmög mk`di pdrd `spèds y furmjsjs qu` dprjv`fadg `stdtrmgfa`rd gdturdi k`sk` kjgk` pu`k`g vmlmidr j smhpi`h`gt` hmrdrd dilum`g qu`, pjr dilugd rdzög, i`s mgt`r`sd. Fmt`hjs, `gtr`tdgtjs, söij ug pdr k` ò`hpijs?

= K'DI@VVDGKSJ, Kdrèj. Jp. Fmt. Uälmgd w`c.



13

’@i tr`g k` _aju ]u‘

Pg nurmjsj cmcimjt`fdrmj jcs`rvd d ’Fdmg y Hdcì‘ fudgkj IdrryFdmg s` jfuitd k`träs k` ijs `stdgt`s k` id cmcimjt`fd pdrd c`sdr dsu `spjsd Hdcì J”Kdr`2 @i cjhc`rj Cidfb, jfuitj trds id`stdgt`rèd y `spmdgkj `gtr` ijs imcrjs, k`sfucr` d Hjgtdl fudgkjludrkd `g su hjfamid ug imcrj prjamcmkj qu` s` supjg` k`c`rèdgmgfmg`rdr fjhj hm`hcrjs kì lrupj ’Ndar`ga`mt ;04‘, `’Mgnmkìmkdk‘, `g id qu`, pjr `gtr` ijs imcrjs, mludih`gt` jfuitd trdsijs `stdgt`s, Fjgstdgf` jcs`rvd d su dhdgt` fjqu`t`dr fjg ugdgu`vd fjgqumstd. @std mhdl`g `s fjhÿg `g ì fmg` yprjcdci`h`gt` tjkjs a`hjs vmstj id `sf`gd kì `gdhjrdkj qu`jcs`rvd, tèhmkj j sdldz, d id p`rsjgd jco`tj k` su dhjr, qu` s``gfu`gtrd di idkj jpu`stj k` ug `stdgt` fdrldkj k` imcrjs? `g idcmcimjt`fd `sfjidr, ugmv`rsmtdrmd, pÿcimfd, j `g id lrdg imcr`rèd k` idfmukdk. Id adcmimkdk kì kmr`ftjr j kì fdhdrölrdnj gjs hu`strd,pjr ij l`g`rdi, ugjs jojs vmlmidgt`s `ghdrfdkjs pjr imcrjs k`

fjijr`s.

Hufads fjgv`rsdfmjg`s prmvdkds, fjgnmk`gfmdi`s, jfurr`g `gtrìds `stdgt`rèds k` ids cmcimjt`fds. Cryf` y Ldrr`t s` r`ÿg`g `g idcmcimjt`fd k` id `sfuìd pdrd adcidr k` Ouimdgd, ’@i prmh`r dhjr‘,d nmg k` `vmtdr ì pìmlrj k` qu` dilÿg fjhpdô`rj, j fjhpdô`rd,pu`kd `sfufadrijs. U`rj ids hufadfads fjgjf`g ids hmshds`strdt`lmds ouv`gmi`s y `sfufadg jfuitds `g ì pdsmiij fjgtmluj,tdhcmíg `g h`kmj k` ijs `stdgt`s ii`gjs k` imcrjs fjijrmkjs y

jrk`gdkjs. Cm`g pjkrèdhjs ds`lurdr, `gtjgf`s, qu` ijs imcrjs gjsjidh`gt` adcidg… smgj qu` tdhcmíg… `sfufadg.



16

Häs tdrk`, Cryf` s` `xfusd fjg Ouimdgd?-‐U`rkög pjr ij qu` Ldrr`t kmoj df`rfd k` tu tèj. Tu`rèd ljip`drij

p`rj… `stäcdhjs `g id cmcimjt`fd„.

Göt`s` föhj id mhdl`g fjgf`ptudi k` id cmcimjt`fd mhpimfdk`t`rhmgdkj gmvì k` r`sp`tj, gj ÿgmfdh`gt` ì t`hjr mrrdfmjgdi `mgnugkdkj adfmd ug iuldr `g fm`rtd njrhd hmst`rmjsj. K`sk` iu`ljqu` tdhcmíg tm`g` qu` v`r, y hufaj, ì lrdkj k` `kufdfmög k` idsp`rsjgds? gmôjs, dkji`sf`gt`s j dkuitjs, mlgjrdgt`s j mgstrumkjs.V` trdtd k` `sjs k`tdii`s dpr`gkmkjs fudgkj s` `s p`qu`ôj,r`fmcmkjs `g id fdsd pjr pdrt` k` id ndhmimd? dcuìjs, tèjs y huy`sp`fmdih`gt` id hdkr` y ì pdkr`, dsè fjhj `g id `sfuìd pjrpdrt` k` ijs cu`gjs hd`strjs. @i fjhpjrtdhm`gtj k`f`gt`,fmvmimzdkj, `g tjkj iuldr kjgk` adyd p`rsjgds rùgmkds, dfjrk`,pjr supu`stj, fjg ids dftmvmkdk`s qu` diiè s` k`sdrrjiidg? mli`smd,r`stdurdgt`, fdhpj k`pjrtmvj, id fdsd do`gd, id cmcimjt`fd.

[dyijr, prjtdljgmstd k` ’S`fuírkdh`‘, amoj r`cìk` k` ug rmfj`hpr`sdrmj, trdcdod fjhj duxmimdr `g id cmcimjt`fd k` id

ugmv`rsmkdk `g kjgk` tjhd fids`s fjhj dsmst`gt` gj hdtrmfuidkj.Fjgjf` cm`g ids s`ffmjg`s y ijs dutjr`s p`rj adcid d lrmtjs fjgsu dhmlj Dkdh, qu` fjh` pmzzd `gtr` ids `stdgt`rèds, hm`gtrds ìprmh`rj ucmfd imcrjs `g ijs dgdquì`s häs ditjs y kmf`?-‐@i `squ`hd k` fidsmnmfdfmög pdrd `st` `gtr`pdôj `s qu` susdutjr`s kurhm`rjg ougtjs y t`rhmgdrjg hu`r tjs j `g prmsmög„.

Jtrj duxmimdr qu` pdsd fjg su fdrrj trdgspjrtdkjr r`pi`tj k` imcrjsi`s kmf`?

-‐¡Vaaa!„ di tm`hpj qu` ii`vd ug k`kj d ijs idcmjs, `g ug l`stjmludi di qu` utmimzd id huo`r trdgspdr`gt` `g id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd k`’Ijs fdzdndgtdshds‘, mludi qu` id gmôd `stukmjsd `g id t`rrjrènmfdsdid k` i`fturd kjgk` ’Id cmcimjt`fdrmd smi`gfmjsd‘ mhpjg` su i`y,mludi qu` ì ‐¡Vaaa!„ k` ijs i`ftjr`s `g id cmcimjt`fd k` id

Dfdk`hmd k` Fmg`, d Hjgsmùr [dcdrk, mgv`stmldkjr y `sfrmtjr qu`s` rè` y curid k` ijs gmôjs, ’Aulj‘ ` Msdcìi`, qum`g`s ds`lurdgfjgjf`r d L`jrl`s Hìmís. Mludi qu` Cdstmdg, qum`g dgt` id

pjsmcmimkdk k` s`r k`sfucm`rtj pjr sus p`rs`lumkjr`s `g ’Idamstjrmd smg nmg MMM‘, jrk`gd ludrkdr smi`gfmj fjg ug k`s`sp`rdkj‐¡Vaaa!„ qu` jctm`g` jtrj mludi fjhj r`spu`std?



1;

-‐¡]j sjy ì qu` jrk`gd fdiidr dquè, ojv`gfmtj2 hdgkdr d fdiidr `strdcdoj kì cmcimjt`fdrmj y gj k` ug hjfjsj qu` ii`vd ì pìj fjhj

ug pu`rfj`spèg!„.

’@i prmh`r dhjr‘

^jivm`gkj d Dkdh, kurdgt` ug vmdo` fjg sus dhmljs s` odftd kàdc`r a`faj ì dhjr fjg famfds k` tjkjs ijs fjgtmg`gt`s,

mgfiusmv` fjg ugd cmcimjt`fdrmd `squmhdi… `g id cmcimjt`fd. ] `gugd kmsfusmög fjg su hòjr dhmlj i` mgfr`pd?-‐[di v`z s`d huy kmv`rtmkj trdcdodr `g tu cmcimjt`fd fjg tjkjs`sjs imcrjs. U`rj yj sè pidg`j lrdkudrh`„.

Id amstjrmd s` fjhpimfd fudgkj [dyijr `gfu`gtrd `g sudpdrtdh`gtj di O`n` k` pjimfèd, pdkr` k` su gjvmd, qum`g mgt`rrjlddh`gdzdgt`?-‐¡Kögk` `stä hm amod!„ y ì hufadfaj r`spjgk`? -‐@g id cmcimjt`fd„.

ºUjr quí id cmcimjt`fd `s ugd `xfusd tdg fjhÿg `gtr` ijs oöv`g`spdrd jfuitdr ugd nditd, pjr ij l`g`rdi id dus`gfmd d jtrj smtmj: Mludihm`gt` U`t`r Udrb`r, ì hufadfaj qu` pjr ugd `xtrdôdh`tdhjrnjsms s` fjgvm`rt` `g ’@i Ajhcr` drdôd‘, fudgkj kmf` dsu dgfmdgd tèd qu` mrä d id cmcimjt`fd, p`rj `g r`dimkdk dsmst` d ugds`smög k` iufad imcr` `g cusfd k` kmg`rj pdrd fjhprdr ug

dutjhövmi usdkj.



10

Id cmcimjt`fd, s`lÿg fjhj s` v`d, pu`k` s`r ug hugkj k`dv`gturds, ndgtdsèds y hdrdvmiids mgmhdlmgdkds. @g ’@i ludrkmäg k`

ids pdidcrds‘, Smfadrk [yi`r, ug gmôj t`h`rjsj k` tjkj, fjhjCdstmdg, ì prjtdljgmstd k` ’Id amstjrmd smg nmg‘, `gtrd d idcmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd cusfdgkj r`nulmj fjgtrd ugd tjrh`gtd. Fdhmgd`gtr` ids `stdgt`rèds, ditds fjhj rdsfdfmìjs pjr `n`ftjfmg`hdtjlränmfj, adstd ii`ldr d ugd sdid fmrfuidr. Vu rjpd hjodkdpjr id iiuvmd `sfurr` adstd ì pmsj y `s id fdusd pdrd qu` Smfadrkr`scdi` y sunrd ug ljip` `g id fdc`zd. Pg tjrr`gt` k` fjijr`s`gtr`h`zfidkjs ij p`rsmlu` pjr id cmcimjt`fd adstd qu` s``gfu`gtrd fjg ì Ludrkmäg, p`rj ì gmôj s` ad fjgv`rtmkj `g ugkmcuoj k` amstjrm`td, `g ug hugkj-cmcimjt`fd k` amstjrm`td. ],hm`gtrds cusfd id sdimkd vmv` ndgtästmfds dv`gturds `gtr` imcrjsvmvm`gt`s? ijs ady hdsfuimgjs y n`h`gmgjs, dhdci`s, dlr`smvjs,fjcdrk`s y vdim`gt`s. K` ids jcrds sdi`g kmv`rsjs p`rsjgdo`s,hdt`rmdimzdkjs y vmvjs? ‐@i sdcu`sj k` ijs Cdsb`rvmii`„, ì ‐KjftjrO`bmii y Hmst`r Ayk`„, ijs ndgtdshds k` ids ‐Amstjrmds k`ndgtdshds„… y s`lurdh`gt` dilugjs `sp`ftdkjr`s s` qu`kdg`sp`rdgkj id dpdrmfmög k` ‐F`gmfm`gtd„ y ‐Adhi`t„, sjcr` fuyjs

ijhjs k` ijs r`sp`ftmvjs vjiÿh`g`s `gndtmzd id fähdrd kurdgtùg tm`hpj smlgmnmfdtmvj. Fudgkj ì gmôj vuìv` d id gjrhdimkdkjfurr` ì r``gfu`gtrj fjg ì cmcimjt`fdrmj qum`g i` pr`std tr`slru`sjs imcrjs, oustdh`gt` ijs qu` dfjhpdôdrjg d Smfadrkkurdgt` su mgfr`èci` dv`gturd. ]d pu`k` r`lr`sdr d fdsd2 adv`gfmkj sus t`hjr`s.

[di v`z pjr t`hjr, `gtjgf`s, id tutjrd kì hufadfaj fjgprjci`hds k` dpr`gkmzdo` qu` vmv` ’Pg su`ôj pjsmci`‘, vmsmtd

pr`vmdh`gt` id cmcimjt`fd k` id ugmv`rsmkdk y s`pdrd ug fucèfuijpdrd `stukmj mgkmvmkudi.

Id cmcimjt`fd `s ì smtmj mgkmfdkj pdrd r`fdcdr mgnjrhdfmög df`rfdkì hmtj kì hdi iidhdkj Dcjhmgdci` ajhcr` k` ids gm`v`s j@sidcög p`rkmkj, fjgjfmkj `g Nijrmkd fjhj Um` Lrdgk`,Vdsqudsa `g Fdgdkä y ]`tm `g ì Amhdidyd. @g ’Cmlnjjt y ijs

A`gk`rsjg‘ s` kd d fjgjf`r dilugds k` ids dftmvmkdk`s fjtmkmdgds

k` ugd cmcimjt`fd, pjr ò`hpij ì fjhpjrtdhm`gtj k` ijs usudrmjs`g sus pu`stjs k` i`fturd, ì prjf`sj k` prístdhjs r`dimzdkj pjrijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs y id hdgmpuidfmög k` ijs imcrjs `g id `stdgt`rèd.



1>

Msdcìi`, id gu`vd y ÿgmfd dhmld k` ’Aulj‘ trdtd k` fjgsjidrij?-‐Iijrdr gj tm`g` gdkd k` hdij. @g ijs imcrjs iijrdg tjkj ì tm`hpj„.

-‐ºDkögk` vdhjs:„ -‐Di iuldr häs hdrdvmiijsj k` id tm`rrd. @s ì Udès k` gugfd odhäs,Jz y id Msid kì t`sjrj `g ugj sjij„. ] ij ii`vd d id Cmcimjt`fd k` id

Dfdk`hmd k` Fmg`, `g Udrès.

@i cmcimjt`fdrmj, Hjgsmùr Idcmss`, `s ug dgfmdgj k` fdcìij ycdrcd cidgfjs, fjg dgt`jojs k` vmòd kdtd qu` fdcdildg sjcr` ìijhj k` su gdrmz `g tdgtj ugd fdk`gmiid fuìld k` ìijs adfmd ugidkj. Vm`hpr` `stä drrmcd, huy ditj, `g kjgk` s` v` fjhj ug s`rsup`rmjr, ku`ôj k` id sdcmkurèd y kì smi`gfmj, dugqu` id cjgkdkk` su nu`rj mgt`rgj sjcr`sdi` d su p`sdr fudgkj s` trdtd k`dt`gk`r d ijs gmôjs. @s dhmlj k` Msdcìi`, pjr ij fudi s` k`kuf`qu` id gmôd `s usudrmd nr`fu`gt` k` id cmcimjt`fd.-‐ºNjtjlrdnèds: @g id pdrt` k` dträs. Mzqum`rkd, r`pmsd sup`rmjr.

D p`sdr k` su mgtmhmkdgt` s`rm`kdk adfmd Aulj, ì dgfmdgjk`hu`strd su fjgjfmhm`gtj k` id cmcimjt`fd y k` sus fji`ffmjg`s.

@gjrh`s `stdgt`rèds k` hdk`rd r`pi`tds k` vmòjs imcrjs qu` dsèhmshj s` dpmidg `g ì suìj njrhdgkj hjgtdôds pjr `gtr` idsfudi`s pdsdg ijs kjs gmôjs adfmd ì smtmj mgkmfdkj.

@g ugd `sf`gd pjst`rmjr, ì gmôj fdhmgd trmst` pjr id `stdfmög k`tr`g`s y, `g id s`ffmög k` imcr`rèds k` usdkjs, fajfd fjgtrd ugdgfmdgj qu` kòd fd`r vdrmjs imcrjs, `gtr` ìijs ‐Sjcmg Ajjk„, ugdk` ids jcrds qu` ì gmôj dfjstuhcrdcd i``r fjg su pdkr` ydndii`fmkj. ] ì dgfmdgj r`suitd s`r ì hmshj cmcimjt`fdrmj, qu`

dhdci` y sjgrm`gt` jcs`qumd ì imcrj d Aulj.

-‐@g id Cmcimjt`fd k` id Dfdk`hmd k` Fmg` `gfjgtrdräg tjkj ij qu`g`f`smtdg sdc`r sjcr` pìèfuids. V`lugkj gmvì, fudrtd ami`rd,s`ffmög tr`s, r`pmsd sup`rmjr.„

@s ì hmshj vmòj y l`gtmi cmcimjt`fdrmj qu` `gvèd d ijs gmôjs d ugdsdid mgh`gsd k` ditèsmhj fmìj dcjv`kdkj, `g kjgk` ì hufadfaj

tjhd ì imcrj ‐Id mgv`gfmög k` ijs su`ôjs? Id amstjrmd k` idsprmh`rds pìèfuids„ k` S`gí [dcdrk. ] ijs kjs gmôjs, ougtjs, i``g,fjgjf`g y dpr`gk`g ijs jrèl`g`s kì fmg` d pdrtmr k` 41=0. Dsè



1<

k`sfucr`g qu` L`jrl`s Hìmís fjgtmgÿd fjg vmkd y qu` `s ì tutjry pdkrmgj k` Msdcìi`.

-‐ºUjr quí `stäs dyukägkjh`, Msdcìi`:„ -‐Ujrqu` ístd pjkrèd s`r ugd dv`gturd y odhäs a` vmvmkj ugd.Nu`rd k` ijs imcrjs, fidrj. ºTum`r`s ug imcrj: Hjgsmùr Idcmss`sm`hpr` h` ijs pr`std y s`lurdh`gt` tdhcmíg d tm. Gj h` kmldsqu` gj t` lustdg ijs imcrjs.„ -‐¡Vè! Fidrj. Hm pdkr` y yj i`èdhjs ougtjs d Ouimj ^`rg`„.

Dsè qu`, `g ugd gu`vd vmsmtd d id cmcimjt`fd y rjk`dkjs pjrhmiidr`s k` imcrjs dpmidkjs `g ì suìj, Aulj mgvmtd d Msdcìi` dvmvmr ugd kmn`r`gt` fids` k` dv`gturd, `g ì fmg`, qu` id gmôd odhäsad vmstj pjr prjamcmfmög k` su pdkrmgj.

Furmjsj ºgj: Ijs imcrjs y ì fmg` `gtrìdzdkjs fjhj hugkjs k`dv`gturd, k` mhdlmgdfmög, fjgjfmhm`gtj y sjidz.

’Aulj‘

’Adrry Ujtt`r y id fähdrd s`fr`td‘ p`rhmt` dpr`fmdr, `gtr` hufadsjtrds `sf`gds rìdfmjgdkds, id cmcimjt`fd prmvdkd `g ì `stukmj kìprjn`sjr Kuhci`kjr`, kmr`ftjr k` id @sfuìd k` Hdlmd Ajwldrts.Id rmqu`zd vmsudi k` ijs vmòjs vjiÿh`g`s, jrk`gdkjs ykmspu`stjs d s`r tjhdkjs pjr ug i`ftjr dgsmjsj, prjkuf` idmhpr`smög k` qu` su prjpm`tdrmj `s sdcmj, vmòj y dgt` tjkj, ug



11

i`ftjr. @g ids pìèfuids k` Adrry Ujtt`r dcugkdg `sf`gds `g idsfudi`s s` pr`s`gtd d ijs `stukmdgt`s i`y`gkj, fjgsuitdgkj imcrjs

vjiuhmgjsjs `g ì lrdg sdiög qu` pr`std sus cu`gjs jnmfmjs fjhjdukmtjrmj pdrd rùgmjg`s, fjh`kjr j sdid k` `stukmj y `gjfdsmjg`s, k` hdg`rd smhuitäg`d fjh`kjr y `stukmj2 sdijg`s k`fids`s u jnmfmgds ii`gds k` imcrjs dgtmlujs, j hufadfajs `g idcmcimjt`fd, kjgk` ijs imcrjs, t`gèd qu` s`r `sfuìd k` hdlmd, s`hu`v`g, vuìdg y s` dfjhjkdg sjijs. V`lurdh`gt` `s `sd idrdzög pjr id fudi gugfd s` v` ug cmcimjt`fdrmj2 `vmk`gt`h`gt` gjij g`f`smtdg.

’@i fdrt`rj k` G`rukd‘ k`stdfd id p`qu`ôd cmcimjt`fd kì pj`td,`xmimdkj `g ugd msid mtdimdgd. Mgk`p`gkm`gt`h`gt` k` qu` id`stdkèd nu`rd pjr ug fjrtj tm`hpj y k` hdg`rd prjvmsmjgdi, ijsimcrjs gj pjkrèdg nditdr `g id fdsd kì `sfrmtjr, fjgnmrhdgkj id vmòds`gt`gfmd k` dcuìjs sdcmjs? Pgd fdsd smg imcrjs `s ugd fdsd smgkmlgmkdk.

’Dcr`t` ids jròds‘ miustrd id cmcimjt`fd y ugd lrdg fji`ffmög k`

imcr`tjs pdrd t`dtrj `g id jnmfmgd k` U`lly Sdhsdy, id dl`gt`drtèstmfd kì `sfrmtjr Oj` Jrtjg, dsè fjhj d ugd pdròd kàjhjs`xudi`s jrldgmzdgkj ugd p`qu`ôd fji`ffmög k` imcrjs `g ì`stukmj k` su dpdrtdh`gtj.

@g ’ Id nu`rzd k` id v`rkdk ‘, ì dcjldkj A`gry [urg`r dfjhpdôd dsu amod d id cmcimjt`fd, kjgk` ou`ld fjg cjimtds k` pdpì qu` idgzdadfmd id gmôd. @iid k`sfucr` qu` su pdkr`, dhgísmfj d fdusd kùg dffmk`gt`, ad p`rkmkj id ndfuitdk k` i``r y s` `stdci`f` `gtr`

ijs kjs ugd ugmög qu` ijs ii`vd d fjhpdrtmr lrdtdh`gt` id`xp`rm`gfmd k` id `gs`ôdgzd y kì dpr`gkmzdo` mgt`lrdi, qu`fjhm`gzd fjg ugd rmhd pdrd h`hjrmzdr id hdg`rd k` dgukdr ijsfjrkjg`s k` ijs zdpdtjs y fjgtmgÿd fjg `gs`ôdgzds pdrd id vmkdpräftmfd, pjr ò`hpij id vmsmtd d id cmcimjt`fd.-‐Pgjs imcrjs ijs pr`stdg pdrd i``r `g fdsd y jtrjs ijs tm`g`s quì``r dquè„. -‐U`rj k`cj `stdr `g smi`gfmj ºv`rkdk:„

@i ou`lj `g id cmcimjt`fd `s ug fjhpjrtdhm`gtj gjrhdi pdrdhufads p`rsjgds2 pjr k`smgt`rís, pjr k`sfjgjfmhm`gtj k` ids



1=

gjrhds, j fjhj ug smhpi` h`fdgmshj pdrd iidhdr id dt`gfmög,dugqu` dilugds k`hu`strdg dftmtuk`s dgjrhdi`s, fjgtrdrmds d ids

gjrhds k` fjgvmv`gfmd sjfmdi y d id rdzög iölmfd kìfjhpjrtdhm`gtj fmvmimzdkj. Id hu`strd häs fidrd s` v` `g ’Dcr`t`

ids jròds‘, pìèfuid cdsdkd `g id cmjlrdnèd kì krdhdturljajhjs`xudi Oj` Jrtjg y r`sditd id dftmtuk kì `sfrmtjr y su dhdgt`ldy fudgkj sjimfmtdg imcrjs pr`stdkjs `g id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd, smgsdc`r qu` ijs k`p`gkm`gt`s yd adg k`sfucm`rtj qu` sjg ìijsqum`g`s k`struy`g ijs imcrjs r`fjrtdgkj ids miustrdfmjg`s,utmimzdkds iu`lj pdrd `hpdpìdr ijs hurjs kì dpdrtdh`gtj.Jcvmdh`gt` sjg k`gugfmdkjs y `gvmdkjs d id färfì pjrk`struffmög k` id prjpm`kdk pÿcimfd.

Id dkmg`rdkd pdròd fjgnjrhdkd pjr ì `sfrmtjr Udui ^drodf y sudhmld k` ’K`sdyugj fjg kmdhdgt`s‘ `gtrd d id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd `gkjgk` id hufadfad pr`lugtd?-‐º@g kögk` `stdhjs:„ -‐@g ugd cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd ºOdhäs adcèds `stdkj `g ugd:„ -‐Gj. @s id s`lugkd fjsd qu` odhäs adcèd a`faj„.

¡Tuí t`sjrj k` huo`r!

@i `sfrmtjr i` `xpimfd qu` tjkjs ijs p`qu`ôjs fdojg`s, r`nmrmígkjs`d ijs nmfa`rjs, fjgtm`g`g tdro`tds y qu` fdkd tdro`td fjrr`spjgk` dug imcrj. Id hufadfad qum`r` v`r id jcrd k` su dhmlj, ‐Gu`v`vmkds„, p`rj s` gm`ld d kmiml`gfmdr id sjimfmtuk k` prístdhj yjrluiijsd trdtd k` pr`s`gtdr di ajhcr` fjg id cmcimjt`fdrmd, d qum`ggj i` mgt`r`sd `g dcsjiutj y i`s iidhd id dt`gfmög pjr gj ludrkdr

smi`gfmj. Id hufadfad mgsmst` `g qu` ì `sfrmtjr nmrh` su imcrj pdrdqu` id cmcimjt`fdrmd i` fr`d y íi s` kòd fjgv`gf`r `gtr` ijsr`ldôjs k` id `hpi`dkd. @gtjgf`s id fdprmfajsd vmsmtdgt` prjt`stdfjg sjc`rcmd?-‐^ähjgjs. @g `st` smtmj gj sjg tdg smhpätmfjs fjhj `g [mnndgy„,r`nmrmígkjs`, k`sk` iu`lj, d id dndhdkd y fjstjsd ojy`rèdg`jyjrbmgd.

D prjpösmtj k` hdi fjhpjrtdhm`gtj pjr pdrt` k` hufajs usudrmjsy k` p`rsjgds qu` gugfd adg fjhpr`gkmkj id g`f`smkdk k`ludrkdr smi`gfmj `g id cmcimjt`fd, smhpi`h`gt` pjr r`sp`tj d



=5

qum`g`s s` `gfu`gtrdg diiè pdrd r`dimzdr ug trdcdoj y `stägi`y`gkj, mgv`stmldgkj, tjhdgkj dpugt`s, r`kdftdgkj prjy`ftjs,

s`rèd tjtdih`gt` v`rljgzjsj y dt`rrdkjr qu` ì ndgtdshd k` ids`ôjrd trdsiÿfmkd qu` i`` k` pm`s cusfdgkj y tjhdgkj imcrjs `gtrìjs `stdgt`s, s` vm`rd `g id g`f`smkdk k` fdiidr d ijs usudrmjsrumkjsjs fjg ug ‐Vaaaa„ y ì k`kj ègkmf` sjcr` ijs idcmjs fjhjamzj fjg ’Ijs fdzdndgtd shds‘, l`stj fjgjfmkj ugmv`rsdih`gt` pjr

oöv`g`s y vmòjs `g tjkds ids cmcimjt`fds k` tjkjs ijs pdès`s k`tjkjs ijs fjgtmg`gt`s.

@i fjihj kì hdi usj k` ugd cmcimjt`fd s` pr`s`gtd `g ’[jy stjry

6‘ fudgkj ijs oulu`t`s hdijs, `gtr` ijs qu` s` `gfu`gtrd B`g, ìgjvmj k` Cdrcm`, k`sfucr`g di dstrjgdutd Imlaty`dr, qu` trdtd k``sfdpdr k` id iukjt`fd `g id ludrk`rèd mgndgtmi Vuggysmk`. Idcdgkd `s imk`rdkd pjr Ijtsj, ì jsj fjg jijr d nr`sd, qum`g jrk`gd?-‐¡Gj ad qu`rmkj adcidr! ¡Iiív`gij d id cmcimjt`fd!„

] `g id p`qu`ôd cmcimjt`fd mgndgtmi k` id ludrk`rèd `s sjh`tmkj dmgt`rrjldtjrmj. U`rj, `g vmstd k` qu` gj i`s prjpjrfmjgd id

mgnjrhdfmög qu` k`s`dg, ì jsj jijrjsj tm`g` ugd hòjr mk`d?-‐^`dhjs dajrd fjg imcrjs„

Dsè qu` i``g ì Hdgudi kì oulu`t` y prjf`k`g d r`-`gsdhcidr didstrjgdutd pdrd ijlrdr qu` su fjhpjrtdhm`gtj s`d tdg hdij fjhjì k` ìijs. Dquè v`hjs gu`vdh`gt` ì p`rn`ftj ò`hpij k` idmgnjrhdfmög hdi usdkd, hòjr kmfaj, usdkd pdrd s`rvmr di hdi.

¡Tuí tdi! Id cmcimjt`fd fjhj f`gtrj k` tjrturd. ] hufajs kmräg

qu` `s v`rkdk. ¡Tuí jtrd fjsd pu`k` s`r id cmcimjt`fd! @i iuldrkjgk` s` tjrturd d trdvís k` id qum`tuk y kì smi`gfmj, ì tjrh`gtjkì `stukmj y ids ajrds idrlds k` fjgf`gtrdfmög y trdcdojmgtì`ftudi. Ujr njrtugd gj tjkjs p`gsdhjs dsè.

Di hjrmr ì fjrjgì H`rryw`dta`r, pdkr` k` Hdrmd, ugd gmôd k`tr`f` dôjs d qum`g kòd fjhpi`tdh`gt` k`sdhpdrdkd y pjcr`, ìgjtdrmj, `g ugd iuojsd jnmfmgd `g id qu` k`s`gtjgdg ijs imcrjs

k`sjrk`gdkjs y fjijfdkjs sjcr` ug dsm`gtj, kmf`?-‐K`sdnjrtugdkdh`gt` p`rkmö tjkj, mgfiuy`gkj id fdsd… tu pdkr`t` kòö `st` imcrj. @s tu a`r`gfmd„.



=4

@i imcrj, lrdgk` y vmòj, s` adiid `hpdstdkj `g fu`rj y hu`strd ìtètuij `g i`trds r`puodkds? ‐Ids dgtmluds frögmfds kì ^dii`

Hjjgdfr`„. D trdvís k` íi, Hdrmd fjgjf`rä ’@i s`fr`tj k` id ÿitmhdiugd‘. @i s`pdrdkjr j hdrfd pälmgds `s gjtjrmj. Pgd dgfad fmgtddhdrmiid qu` `sfjgk` id iidv` kì fjnr` k` ids p`rids k` id iugd,fjg tjkj ì pjk`r qu` ístds pjs``g. Ids cìids miustrdfmjg`s sjgr`trdtjs k` p`rsjgds r`di`s y vmvds, fjhj Hdrmd, mgvjiufrdkds fjgì pdsdkj kì ^dii` pjr s`r k`sf`gkm`gt`s k` ids kjs ndhmimds quàdcmtdrjg ì iuldr pjr l`g`rdfmjg`s.

@g ì fdstmiij k` Hjjgdfr`, p`rt`g`fm`gt` di tèj k` id gmôd, ajhcr`dhdrldkj, smi`gfmjsj y sjimtdrmj, ì k`spidzdhm`gtj p`rhmtmkj pdrdHdrmd y su gdgd s` r`kuf` ÿgmfdh`gt` d fm`rtjs `spdfmjs.-‐¡Id cmcimjt`fd `s prmvdkd y ì dff`sj d hm `stukmj `stäprjamcmkj!„.

@i tèj k`fjhmsd ì imcrj, ÿgmfd pjs`smög k` Hdrmd y id gmôd dfuk`di fjfmg`rj `g cusfd k` fjgsòj, k`sfjgf`rtdkd dgt` su prjpmjk`sfjgjfmhm`gtj k` ids fjsds qu` jfurr`g `g ì fdstmiij.

-‐Jcvmdh`gt` gj ads t`rhmgdkj k` i``r ì imcrj„ -‐º@i imcrj: º@i imcrj k` hm pdpä: -‐@g id cmcimjt`fd. @g ‐Uu`rtds s`fr`tds„ ady ug ldcmg`t` prmvdkj.

] Hdrmd `gtrd d id lrdg cmcimjt`fd, r`pi`td k` imcrjs dgtmlujs`hpdstdkjs kì hmshj fjijr. Urjgtj k`sfucr` ì tètuij kì imcrjr`fjh`gkdkj pjr ì fjfmg`rj? ‐Uu`rtds s`fr`tds y fdojg`sjfuitjs„ y di hjv`rij dffmjgd ì h`fdgmshj k` ugd ldv`td `gkjgk` `gfu`gtrd jfuitj ì imcrj qu` su pdkr` i` a`r`kdrd y ì fudi

r`fup`rd pdrd s`gtdrs` mgh`kmdtdh`gt` d i``r.

Jcs`rvdfmög pdrd cmcimjt`fdrmjs mludih`gt` väimkd pdrd ijsusudrmjs? @i cu`g fjfmg`rj jnr`f` d Hdrèd ug pidtmiij fjg ldii`tdspdrd qu` s` dimh`gt` ‐…hm`gtrds `stukmds„. Id gmôd ii`vd susljijsmgds d id cmcimjt`fd y ids fjgsuh` `g tdgtj k`sfucr` d trdvísk` id i`fturd id furmjsd y ndgtästmfd amstjrmd k` sus dgt`pdsdkjs.

Gj fjgsuhmr dimh`gtjs gm c`cmkds `s ugd gjrhd ugmv`rsdi qu`rml` tdgtj `g ids cmcimjt`fds pÿcimfds fjhj prmvdkds. ºUjr quí:Vöij mhdlmg`hjs ì jijr qu` k`sk` ids jtrds h`sds gjs ii`ld



=3

ougtj fjg id mhdl`g k` ids adhcurlu`sds, ijs p`rrjs fdim`gt`s jid pmzzd, hm`gtrds trdtdhjs k` fjgf`gtrdr gu`strd dt`gfmög `g id

i`fturd k` ug t`xtj fudiqum`rd. U`rj qumzäs ij häs mhpjrtdgt` s`r`nm`r` d ids `strdt`lmds k` fjgs`rvdfmög y pr`s`rvdfmög k` ijskmv`rsjs hdt`rmdi`s qu` `xmst`g `g ids cmcimjt`fds. [m`g` su iölmfdy gj `s pjr ndstmkmdr d ijs usudrmjs qu` pr`nmrm`rjg fjh`r `g idsdid k` i`fturd `g v`z k` mr di r`stdurdgt` j id fdn`t`rèd häsf`rfdgd. Id rdzög sjg ijs hdijs jijr`s, ijs r`stjs k` fjhmkd qu`dtrd`g d pìmlrjsjs dgmhdi`s fjhj rdtds y jtrjs cmfajscmcimöndljs, dk`häs k` id tjtdi pjsmcmimkdk k` kòdr fd`r,dffmk`gtdi j vjiugtdrmdh`gt`, fjhmkd j c`cmkds sjcr` ijshdt`rmdi`s k` fjgsuitd, qumzäs vdimjsjs, qu` fjg s`lurmkdk s``fadrèdg d p`rk`r.

’@i s`fr`tj k` id ÿitmhd iugd‘

@i gmôj prjkmlmj k` ’Hdlgjimd‘ `s ugj k` `sjs p`rsjgdo`sjcs`smjgdkjs pjr k`t`rhmgdkj prjlrdhd k` [^. Ur`smjgdkj pjrsu pdkr`, fdrld fjg fudtrj cjisds k` imcrjs, tjkjs ijs kèdskurdgt` id ípjfd k` fji`lmj y s` k`kmfd pjr `gt`rj d ii`gdr sufdc`zd fjg dgífkjtds qu` pjst`rmjrh`gt` utmimzdrä pdrdr`spjgk`r ids pr`lugtds kì prjlrdhd. ] jcvmdh`gt` k`c`r`furrmr d id cmcimjt`fd k` id `sfuìd fjhj nu`gt` y r`fursj k` id



=6

mgnjrhdfmög qu` g`f`smtd pdrd pr`pdrdr su pr`s`gtdfmög difjgfursj.45

Pg cu`g ò`hpij k` cmcimjt`fd `sfjidr hjk`rgd `s id k` ’K`sdnèj

`g ids duids‘. Vus pu`rtds y vmkrmjs k` s`lurmkdk fjgtrd mgf`gkmjsy aurtj, dsè fjhj `gjrh`s y präftmfjs kuftjs k` v`gtmidfmög,p`rhmt`g d id hd`strd t`stmlj k` ug ds`smgdtj y d sus `stukmdgt`s,jfuitdrs` pdrd sdivdr sus vmkds fudgkj sjg p`rs`lumkjs pjrgdrfjtrdnmfdgt`s ds`smgjs. Pg kdtj mgt`r`sdgt`2 @s säcdkj pjr idtdrk` y s` `gfu`gtrdg `g id cmcimjt`fd fuhpim`gkj ug fdstmljmhpu`stj pjr id prjn`sjrd. Fdc` pr`lugtdrs` sm, `g `n`ftj, idfjstuhcr` k` fdstmldr d ijs gmôjs j oöv`g`s `gvmägkjijs d idcmcimjt`fd `s ugd `strdt`lmd p`kdlölmfd pjsmtmvd j smhpi`h`gt` idsdtmsndffmög kì hd`strj pjr sdgfmjgdr ugd nditd k` kmsfmpimgd j k`r`gkmhm`gtj dfdkíhmfj. ] ids fjgs`fu`gfmds d h`kmdgj y d idrljpidzj? ºDsmstmräg d id cmcimjt`fd `stjs gmôjs j oöv`g`s `gcÿsqu`kd k` mgnjrhdfmög pdrd su `grmqu`fmhm`gtj mgtì`ftudi sm gjsjg `gvmdkjs pjr fdstmlj: Urjcdci`h`gt` hufajs p`gsdräg quìd njrhdfmög prjn`smjgdi kì hd`strj j hd`strd qu` prdftmfd `std

fjstuhcr` k`c`rèd s`r r``vdiudkd. @st` `s ug a`faj fjhÿg,tdgtj dsè qu` ì fmg` ij utmimzd k` hdg`rd gdturdi y hufajs `g ìhugkj k` fdrg` y au`sj ij a`hjs vmstj, fjg smi`gfmjsd `xtrdô`zd.Udrd hu`strd fmg`hdtjlränmfd `st` cjtög2 `g ’@i fiuc k` ijs

fmgfj‘ tr`s hufadfads y kjs famfjs sjg jcimldkjs d pdsdr ugsäcdkj `g id cmcimjt`fd k` id `sfuìd Va`rh`r Amla Vfajji `gkjgk` k`c`räg t`rhmgdr ugd tdr`d.

[dhcmíg ’@i sustmtutj‘, `s ug `x sjikdkj qu` tjhd `g s`fr`tj ì

pu`stj k` prjn`sjr t`hpjrdi fjhj r``hpidzj k` id hd`strddtdfdkd crutdih`gt` pjr dilugjs `stukmdgt`s, hm`hcrjs k` idhdnmd ijfdi. @g ì `gnr`gtdhm`gtj, ì prjn`sjr cusfd r`nulmj `g idcmcimjt`fd `sfjidr, präftmfdh`gt` k`strumkd di fjgv`rtmrs` `g ug

45 SJV-HDS[ÈG, Hdrfjs. Ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg` R`g ièg`dX.

Kmspjgmci` `g? attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/<>=/ids-cmcimjt`fds-`g-ì-fmg`/ (fjgsuitd 5> @g`rj 3545)

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/769/las-bibliotecas-en-el-cine/






=;

fdhpj k` cdtdiid. ] sm dilum`g cusfd ugd pì`d pjr ugd huo`r,t`g`hjs ugd `g ’@i ÿitmhj dh`r mfdgj vmrl`g‘.

Tumzäs `gtr` ijs `pmsjkmjs k` vmji`gfmd jfurrmkjs k`gtrj k` idcmcimjt`fd, id `sf`gd r`pr`s`gtdkd fjg hdyjr krdhdtmshj s``gfu`gtrd `g ’V`hmiid k` hdi kdk‘, fudgkj id prjn`sjrd OukyAdhhjgk `s dsditdkd pjr ug `stukmdgt` k` id `sfuìd `g ugcdrrmj hdrlmgdi k` G`w ]jrb, kjgk` ijs oöv`g`s, nu`rd k` fjgtrji,sjg mgkmsfmpimgdkjs, mghjrdi`s y kjhmgdkjs pjr Drtm` \`st, ugpjt`gfmdi kìmgfu`gt` ouv`gmi. @i frmh`g `s mhp`kmkj pjr ìprjn`sjr Smfadrk Kdkm`r, ug `x hmimtdr qu` jctm`g` id pidzd k`prjn`sjr, d p`sdr k` id tjtdih`gt` oustmnmfdkd jpjsmfmög k` su`spjsd. @s ì krdhd kì fjgnimftj `gtr` id r`dimkdk fjtmkmdgdfdr`gt` k` `sp`rdgzd y ì pjk`r kì fjgjfmhm`gtj qu` `gfu`gtrd`g id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidr ì iuldr häs dk`fudkj pdrd r`pr`s`gtdrij.

’Ijs rèjs k` fjijr pÿrpurd‘ fu`gtdg qu` `g idpr`stmlmjsd Pgmv`rsmkdk k` Lu`rgjg, `g Nrdgfmd, sàd fjh`tmkj ug frmh`g dtrjz. @i cmcimjt`fdrmj ad smkj

ds`smgdkj trds idrlds ajrds k` tjrturd y t`rrmci`shutmidfmjg`s. U`rj, ºqumíg qu`rrèd hdtdr d ugcmcimjt`fdrmj: Vu trdcdoj fjgsmstèd cäsmfdh`gt` `gl`stmjgdr ijs imcrjs y ids pidzds k` `stukmj `g idcmcimjt`fd. Dsè qu`, ºfuäi pjkrèd s`r id hjtmvdfmög kìfrmhmgdi: ºug sdfrmnmfmj rmtudi: ºqu` ids i`fturds kìjs diuhgjs i` ii`vdrjg d k`sfucrmr dilÿg jsfurjs`fr`tj k` `stjs y ij amfm`rdg fdiidr: ºqu` gj i`spr`stdrd ì imcrj dk`fudkj:

Ujk`hjs v`r ug pdr k` `sf`gds qu` s` k`sdrrjiidg`g id cmcimjt`fd. @std dpdr`f` dgt` gjsjtrjs fjhj idstrdkmfmjgdi`s cmcimjt`fds k` dgtmluds ugmv`rsmkdk`s?`spdfmjs k`sfjhugdi`s, dutígtmfds hurdiids k``stdgt`rèds k` hdk`rd r`pi`tds k` imcrjs, ug dsp`ftjdilj iÿlucr` y smi`gfmjsj qu` smg `hcdrlj mgvmtd di`stukmj fjg sus guh`rjsjs pu`stjs k` i`fturd

miuhmgdkjs fjg ugd iähpdrd k` h`sd k` tuimpd



=0

v`rk`… y ì pdpì kì cmcimjt`fdrmj `s hufaj häsmhpjrtdgt` k` ij qu` pukm`rd pdr`f`r d prmh`rd vmstd.

@g ì pdsdkj, j `g ì trdcdoj k` `st` cmcimjt`fdrmj,qu` smlum`gkj id trdkmfmög pdt`rgd jfupd su hmshdpidzd, pdr`f` `stdr id fidv`. J di h`gjs `sj fr`` ìndhjsj k`t`ftmv` Gmíhdgs, `xp`rtj frmhmgöijlj`gfdrldkj k` r`sjiv`r ì fdsj. D su ii`ldkd d idPgmv`rsmkdk k` Lu`rgjg (di mludi qu` `g id pìèfuidV`v`g) pjg` d su `qumpj d trdcdodr `g id cÿsqu`kd

k` ijs imcrjs qu` pukm`rdg adc`r mgspmrdkj di ds`smgjy ijs diuhgjs qu` ijs tjhdrjg pr`stdkjs, cusfdgkj`g su fdtäijlj tírhmgjs fjhj ‐hdi„, ‐vmji`gfmd„,‐tjrturd„, ‐sdfrmnmfmjs rmtudi`s„, ‐hutmidfmjg`s„…r`dimzdgkj ugd `xadustmvd cÿsqu`kd k` mgnjrhdfmögqu` pukm`rd kdr dilugd iuz sjcr` ì pjr quí kìds`smgdtj kì cmcimjt`fdrmj, qu` söij `s ì prmh`rj.44

Sùgmkj `g id cmcimjt`fd `g id r`smk`gfmd k` Kjrmdg Lrdy, ì lrupj

qu` fjgnjrhd ’Id Imld k` ijs fdcdii rjs `xtrdjrkmgdrmjs‘ `s dtdfdkjpjr id cdgkd k` Uadgtjh. Diiè s` `gfu`gtrdg ndgtästmfjsp`rsjgdo`s k` gjvìd fjhj Kjrmdg lrdy, ì Fdpmtäg G`hj, DiidgTudt`rhdmg, ì Ajhcr` mgvmsmci`, ì Kr. O`bmii y su kjci`p`rsjgdimkdk, Hmst`r Amk`, y yd qu` gj pjkèd nditdr id pr`s`gfmdn`h`gmgd, tdhcmíg `stä Hmgd Adrb`r, id jtrjrd gjvmd kì Fjgk`Kräfuid.

@s ugd cmcimjt`fd a`rhjsd, häs cm`g sugtujsd, fjg `stdgt`sditèsmhjs jfupdkjs `g su tjtdimkdk pjr cm`g `gfudk`rgdkjs imcrjsy k` mludi njrhd r`sditd ì iuojsj hjcmimdrmj. Fudgkj ì lrupj k`hdi`dgt`s mgvdk` id sdid, s` k`sdtd ì hmshj mgnm`rgj `gtr` ijsmgfjgtdci`s kmspdrjs k` pmstjids, rmni`s y h`trdii`tds. ] `g h`kmjkì fdjs vuìdg hmi`s k` p`kdzjs k` pdpì, prjkuftj k` ijs imcrjsk`sp`kdzdkjs pjr ì tmrjt`j.

44 Mcmk.

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/232/los-crimenes-de-los-siete-pecados-capitales-y-una-biblioteca/




=>

[dhcmíg `g ì Gdutmius, ì ndcuijsj suchdrmgj prjpm`kdk kìfdpmtäg G`hj, ady ugd p`qu`ôd cmcimjt`fd qu` pjs`` ugd

fji`ffmög k` hdpds y pidgjs k`, supu`stdh`gt`, tjkds idsfmukdk`s kì hugkj, `gtr` ìids ^`g`fmd, id fmukdk qu` trdtdg k`sdivdr pu`s Uadgtjh pr`t`gk` k`strumrid fjg `xpijsmvjss`puitdkjs `g ids cds`s k` ijs prmgfmpdi`s `kmnmfmjs.

ºUjr quí ids cmcimjt`fds k`c`g s`r ì f`gtrj kì fjgnimftj:Hd`strd j hd`strj v`rsus hdnmd `stukmdgtmi, cmcimjt`fdrmj jcmcimjt`fdrmd fjgtrd `stukmdgt`s cuiimfmjsjs ` mgkmsfmpimgdkjs,fm`gtènmfjs k` ij pdrdgjrhdi `gnr`gtdkjs d ndgtdshds, adhpjg`s`hp`ôdkjs `g k`strumr imcrjs fumkdkjsdh`gt` jrldgmzdkjs `g ijsdgdquì`s. K`nmgmtmvdh`gt`, id cmcimjt`fd mgnugk` dilugd `sp`fm`k` t`hjr, gj söij `g ijs `stukmdgt`s qu` dsmst`g d kmv`rsjsf`gtrjs `kufdtmvjs, smgj tdhcmíg `g ijs ndcrmfdgt`s k` pìèfuidsqu` k`sdajldg dsè sus njcmds, sus r`s`gtmhm`gtjs dgtmlujs fjgtrdijs hd`strjs y cmcimjt`fdrmjs qu` ijs jcimldrjg d ludrkdr smi`gfmj,d i``r y d `sfrmcmr mgnjrh`s y trdcdojs dfdkíhmfjs fudgkj,s`lurdh`gt`, k`s`dcdg sdimr d kmv`rtmrs`, j d k`sdrrjiidr jtrds

dftmvmkdk`s qu` cm`g pukm`rjg s`r mludih`gt` dfdkíhmfds, p`rjdfjrk`s fjg ijs mgt`r`s`s k` ijs `stukmdgt`s, gj pr`fmsdh`gt`dsmstmr gm `gf`rrdrs` `g id cmcimjt`fd.

Pg p`qu`ôj `spdfmj pdrd id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidr `g ìfmg` mtdimdgj. Dquè id smtudfmög `s k`fmkmkdh`gt`k`sfjgsjidgt`. Ids cmcimjt`fds `sfjidr`s mtdimdgds jsjg vdfèds j s` `gfu`gtrdg `g ijs iuldr`s häsmgdprjpmdkjs? `g ì fjrr`kjr fjhj `g ì nmih` ’Odfb

Nrusfmdgt` usfmtj kdi lrupj‘ k` @gzd G`lrjgm (4==>)kjgk` id cmcimjt`fd `s r`fjrkdkd fjhj ì iuldr pdrdadf`r njtjfjpmds, j tdhcmíg `g ugd fids` k` tdpmf`rèdk` pdr`k`s fjhj `s nmihdkd `g ugd k` idss`fu`gfmds mgmfmdi`s kì nmih` ’Mi pjrtdcjrs`‘ k`Kdgmì` Iufa`ttm (4==5).

@g ’Cmdgfd‘ k` Gdggm Hjr`ttm (Mtdimd, 4=1;) `stä

Hmfaì`, qum`g s` r`nulmd `g id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidrpdrd `sfdpdr k` ug s`hmgdrmj y dquè `gfu`gtrd dCmdgfd. V` adcid tdhcmíg k` ug imcrj, ugd v`rsmög



=<

nrdgf`sd k` ugd jcrd gj pr`fmsdkd, qu` ìid cusfdp`rj, gdturdih`gt`, id cmcimjt`fd k` id `sfuìd

Hdrmiyg Hjgrj` gj tm`g`. Id ÿgmfd fjsd qu` Hmfaì``s fdpdz k` adf`r `g id cmcimjt`fd `s fjh`rs` 455lrdhjs k` prjnmt`rji`s.

[di v`z id `sf`gd qu` hòjr `xpr`sd`hci`hätmfdh`gt`, ì `stdkj k` id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidrmtdimdgd, qu` hufads v`f`s gj `xmst` y fudgkj `xmst``s rèlmkdh`gt` prjt`lmkd k` drhdrmjs fjg lrdkds y

fjg vmtrdi`s, rmlurjsdh`gt` f`rrdkjs fjg iidv`, `sdquìid rìdtdkd `g ì nmih` ’Id `sfuìd‘ k` KdgmìÌufa`ttm (4==0). Dquè `gfu`gtrdg ugd hdôdgd idcmcimjt`fd k`strumkd, pjr id fdèkd kì t`faj, hm`gtrdsì k`sfjgsjidkj prjn`sjr ^mvdikm fjh`gtd? ‐] p`gsdrqu` h` adcrèd pjkmkj tjfdr d hm dy`r pjr id tdrk`, ìturgj `g cmcimjt`fd„. 43

V`d j gj pdrdköomfj, ijs `gfdrldkjs kì fdhpj k` fjgf`gtrdfmög`g kjgk` sjcr`vmv` ’@i gmôj fjg ì pmodhd d rdyds‘ fjgsmk`rdg quìd cmcimjt`fd `s ug c`g`nmfmj, ug prmvmi`lmj, ug iuldr k` r`fr`dfmög yk`sfdgsj, y dsè ij `xpr`sdg `g ndisds pìèfuids k` prjpdldgkdgdzm, `g ids fudi`s hu`strdg d gmôds oukèds kurdgt` ug ou`lj y ìgdrrdkjr fjh`gtd qu` `gtr` ids fjgsmk`rdfmjg`s auhdgmtdrmdsfjgf`kmkds d ijs oukèjs prmsmjg`rjs `stäg ijs ou`ljs, id jrqu`std,id dindr`rèd y id i`fturd `g id cmcimjt`fd, id fudi, jcvmdh`gt`, gj`xmst`.

Fidrj qu`, tdgtj `g ì hugkj kì fmg` fjhj `g ì r`di, adyhufads häs cmcimjt`fds mg`xmst`gt`s, j d trdvís k` ids fudi`s s`pr`t`gk` fjgv`gf`r d jtrjs k` dquìij qu` fjgvm`g` d qum`g`sids hdgòdg j dkhmgmstrdg. @g ’Id lu`rrd k` Adrt‘, tdhcmíg `g ugfdhpj k` fjgf`gtrdfmög di`häg kurdgt` id V`lugkd Lu`rrdHugkmdi, ì fjhdgkdgt` gdzm i` kmf` d ug jnmfmdi `stdkjugmk`gs`?

43 K'DI@VVDGKSJ, Kdrèj. Jp. Fmt. Uälmgd w`c.



=1

-‐[`g`hjs ugd cmcimjt`fd fjg tjkjs ijs hdgudi`s kì òírfmtjdh`rmfdgj„.

Mludi s` t`rlmv`rsd ijs mgnjrh`s, ids `stdkèstmfds k` dsmst`gfmd, k`prístdhjs y k` fjgsuitds fjhj ids ndfturds k` fjhprd, `ghufads cmcimjt`fds qu` gj sjg `xf`pfmög sm s` fjhpdrdg fjgfudi`squm`r `hpr`sds j `gtmkdk`s, yd s`dg pÿcimfds j prmvdkds.

U`rj gj tjkds ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì hugkj fu`gtdg fjg ì dpjyj gmì kmg`rj gm ijs h`kmjs g`f`sdrmjs pdrd sucsmstmr kmlgdh`gt`,hufaj h`gjs pdrd nugfmjgdr fjhj k`c`rèdg. @g ugd r`f`pfmögk` ldid fjg pr`s`gfmd k` ids ditds dutjrmkdk`s k` id fmukdk kjgk`r`smk` ’@i ajhcr` drdôd 3‘ y `g c`g`nmfmj k` id cmcimjt`fd, kmf` ìhd`strj k` f`r`hjgmd?-‐@i Fjhmtí pdrd id Cmcimjt`fd k` Fm`gfmds k` Gu`vd ]jrb i`s kd idcm`gv`gmkd„.

^`hjs `gtjgf`s qu` ì h`fdgmshj utmimzdkj pjr ids cmcimjt`fdsfudgkj s` trdtd k` fjgs`lumr r`fursjs `fjgöhmfjs `g prj k` su

nugfmjgdhm`gtj `s ugmv`rsdi? Cmgljs, f`gds k` ldid, dftmvmkdk`ssjfmdi`s, k`pjrtmvds, drtèstmfds j fuiturdi`s, v`gtd k` imcrjs usdkjsy k` jco`tjs rìdfmjgdkjs fjg id i`fturd, fuyd nmgdimkdk `s idfjgs`fufmög k` njgkjs pdrd sucsdgdr, di h`gjs `g pdrt`, idfdr`gfmd k` njgkjs qu` k`c`rèdg sjiv`gtdr ids `gtmkdk`s jmgstmtufmjg`s j ljcm`rgjs r`spjgsdci`s k` ìids.

@i Fdpmtäg pmijtj Kdgmì HfFjrhmfb, qu` nu` fjglìdkj `g `sp`rdk` p`rhdg`f`r ’Ujr sm`hpr` ojv`g‘ `g k`sdrrjiij k` ug

`xp`rmh`gtj `g 4=6= y k`sp`rtö `g 4==3, vd d id cmcimjt`fdpÿcimfd pdrd `gt`rdrs` k` ij jfurrmkj kurdgt` `s` idrlj h`kmjsmlij k` amstjrmd `g ì hugkj. Pgd fjh`kmkd y dhdci`cmcimjt`fdrmd hu`strd di fdpmtäg id hdg`rd k` usdr ì i`ftjr k`hmfrjnmih`s y s` jnr`f` d iidhdri`, ij fudi r`dih`gt` adf` hästdrk`, fjg id mgnjrhdfmög r`qu`rmkd.

K`cmö s`r lrdgk` y cm`g gjtjrmj ì fdhcmj k` ugd cmcimjt`fd `g ijs

@stdkjs Pgmkjs `gtr` ids kífdkds k` ijs 4=65 d ijs 4==5. Gjÿgmfdh`gt` `g ì fdhpj k` id t`fgjijlèd y ijs prjf`sjs pdrdhdgòj kì fjgjfmhm`gtj, smgj tdhcmíg `g ijs hjcmimdrmjs, id



==

kmstrmcufmög k` ijs `spdfmjs y id `stdgt`rèd, id hdg`rd k` v`stmr kìjs cmcimjt`fdrmjs y id njrhd k` pr`stdr su s`rvmfmj y dt`gfmög d ijs

usudrmjs. ] `s trmst` sdc`r qu` `g hufajs pdès`s pu`k`trdgsfurrmr tjkj ì tm`hpj kì hugkj, smg qu`, `g ids cmcimjt`fds,jfurrd ì h`gjr fdhcmj pdrd hòjrdhm`gtj y hjk`rgmzdfmög kìds hmshds.

’Fdrrm`‘ \amt` `s ugd dkji`sf`gt` qu` sunr` k`dfjsj `sfjidr2 dpdrtdkd, rmkmfuimzdkd yh`gjspr`fmdkd pjr sus fjhpdô`rds y fjhpdô`rjs,k`sfucrmrä qu` pu`k` hjv`r jco`tjs fjg ì pjk`r k`su h`gt`, ij qu` prjvjfd qu` su fdräft`rmgtrjsp`ftmvj ` mgs`lurj fjhm`gf` d `vjiufmjgdrsdtmsndftjrmdh`gt`.

Fjgv`gfmkd k` qu` fudgtj i` `stä suf`km`gkj `s ughmidlrj, dfuk` d id cmcimjt`fd k` id `sfuìd pdrdtrdtdr k` k`sfucrmr fuäi `s `xdftdh`gt` su prjci`hdy id hdg`rd fjhj pu`k` dpr`gk`r d fdgdimzdr su

pjk`r.

Id cmcimjt`fd `stä cm`g kjtdkd `g fudgtj dmgstdidfmjg`s y njgkjs dsè fjhj `g id dhpimtuk k`sus `spdfmjs y s` k`stdfd id `sf`gd `g id fudi, id

ojv`g `stukmdgt` r`dimzd ugd fjgsuitd `g ijs nmfa`rjsfdtdijlränmfjs, hjstrdgkj id hdg`rd, ajy jcsji`td,fjhj s` usdg `stds a`rrdhm`gtds pdrd r`fup`rdfmögk` id mgnjrhdfmög.46

Ady ’Pg fdkäv`r `g id cmcimjt`fd‘. Vjg ids sm`t` k` idhdôdgd y ijs Cdgtry `gfu`gtrdg ì fdkäv`r k` ugd ojv`gk`sfjgjfmkd `g id cmcimjt`fd k` su hdgsmög. Psdcd ug

46 SJV-HDS[ÈG, Hdrfjs. Fdrrm` `gfu`gtrd su hmidlrj `g id

cmcimjt`fd. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/;>0/fdrrm`-`gfu`gtrd-su-hmidlrj-`g-id-cmcimjt`fd/ (Fjgsuitd 5> @g`rj 3545).

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/465/carrie-encuentra-su-milagro-en-la-biblioteca/






455

v`stmkj k` gjfa` y `xf`sj k` hdqumiido`, ì fudi s` adfjrrmkj pjr tjkd su fdrd. ºU`rj qumíg `s ìid: ºFöhj ii`lö

adstd diiè: y ºFuäi `s id fjg`xmög fjg ì fu`rpj k` jtrdfamfd `gfjgtrdkj tm`hpj k`spuís `g ì njgkj k` ugcdrrdgfj: Ijs r`sp`tdci`s Cdgtry mgvmtdg d id V`ôjrmtdHdrpi` d qu` r`suìvd ì hmst`rmj dgt`s k` qu` ids hdidsi`gluds t`gldg k` quí adcidr.4;

], sm s` trdtd k` sdivdr id vmkd, `g ’@i kèd k`spuís k` hdôdgd‘, idCmcimjt`fd Uÿcimfd k` Hdgadttdg, `g G`w ]jrb, `s ì r`nulmj pdrdk`f`gds k` p`rsjgds qu` trdtdg k` sjcr`vmvmr cusfdgkjprjt`ffmög fjgtrd ugd fdtdströnmfd tjrh`gtd k` amìj, prjkuftj kìfdi`gtdhm`gtj lijcdi qu` ad ii`ldkj d su fièhdx `g ì a`hmsn`rmj.

@std cmcimjt`fd, id k` Hdgadttdg, ad smkj `sf`gdrmj k` hufadspìèfuids. Ujr su mhpjg`gt` drqumt`fturd, id hdo`stujsmkdk kìdtrmj fjg sus t`hmci`s y lrdgk`s i`jg`s ludrkmdg`s cidgfjsiidhdkjs Udtm`gf` dgk Njrtmtuk` (Udfm`gfmd y Njrtdi`zd), jFjgjfmhm`gtj y Ujk`r, ids `gjrh`s fjiuhgds d fdkd idkj k` ids

`sfdi`rds, id mgt`rhmgdci` sdid k` i`fturd l`g`rdi, y k`sk` iu`lj,pjr ì pr`stmlmj k` tjkj dquìij qu` fjhj cmcimjt`fd k` tdihdlgmtuk r`pr`s`gtd pdrd Gu`vd ]jrb, ijs @stdkjs Pgmkjs y ìhugkj. @gtr` jtrds s` pu`k` h`gfmjgdr, jcvmdh`gt`, ’@i kèd

k`s puís k` hdôdgd‘, ’]d `r`s ug hufadfaj lrdgk`‘ y ’Ijs

fdzdndgtdshds‘.

Id `sf`gd `g id cmcimjt`fd k` ’Ujr sm`hpr` ojv`g‘ nu` nmihdkd `g idMgli`wjjk, Cmcimjt`fd Uÿcimfd k` Fdimnjrgmd. Pg cmcimjt`fdrmj qu`

trdcdoö diiè `g `sd ípjfd k`sfrmc` id `xp`rm`gfmd?-‐Ijs prjkuftjr`s k`fmkm`rjg qu` ì iuldr gj `rd sunmfm`gt`h`gt`njtjlígmfj, dsè qu` nèsmfdh`gt` r`kmstrmcuy`rjg id cmcimjt`fd2hjvm`rjg id `stdgt`rèd, trdo`rjg imcrjs k` kmstmgtds är`ds kì

4; Pg fdkäv`r `g id cmcimjt`fd R`g ièg`dX

attp?//dipdfmg`.fjh/pìmfuid/406<;/ (Fjgsuitd? 35 V`ptm`hcr`

3545)

http://alpacine.com/pelicula/15374/




454

`kmnmfmj, `tf. ¡Mgfiusmv` k`sfjg`ftdrjg ijs tìínjgjs! @i k`sdstr`nu` p`jr qu` fudgkj tuvmhjs ì t`rr`hjtj k` 4==;„.

Hjrdiòd? Gugfd pr`st`g su cmcimjt`fd, gm su fdsd, pdrd idnmihdfmög k` ugd pìèfuid, dsè i`s prjh`tdg qu` söij s`rä ugd`sf`gd cm`g fjrtmfd.

@i `sp`sjr k` ugd dthösn`rd k` t`rrjr, prjpmd kìrjhdgtmfmshj g`lrj, pdsd di fmg`, qu` ii`ld d iidhdrd ids pìèfuids fdrdft`rmzdkds fjg kmfad dthösn`rdfjhj fmg` k` t`rrjr ‐k` cmcimjt`fd„. …@i gjhcr` kìd rjsd (@fj, 4=1;), Mgkmdgd Ojg`s y id ÿitmhdfruzdkd (4=1=), Id amstjrmd mgt`rhmgdci` (4==;), @iludrkmäg k` ids pdidcrds (4==;), Id hdikmfmög kìk`hjgmj…

Id cmcimjt`fd idc`règtmfd, k` p`sdkmiid, prjpmd k`ípjfds yd pdsdkds, smlu` sm`gkj ugd nmì dimdkd `gids pìèfuids r`s`ôdkds dgt`rmjrh`gt` (4<). Tu`kdg

pjfds cmcimjt`fds dsè, y smg `hcdrlj, ì töpmfj `s tdgnu`rt` ` mrr`smstmci` qu` smlu`, y s`lumräprjcdci`h`gt` sm`gkj ug nmiög imt`rdrmj y nèihmfj.Fjhj kmf` Fadmgtr`du, id cmcimjt`fd adstd qu` s`pjpuidrmzd y s` dcr` d tjkj ì hugkj (d trdvís k` iddindc`tmzdfmög, cmcimjt`fds pÿcimfds, `tf.), ou`ld ìpdpì k` ‐sdgtudrmj j f`h`gt`rmj„2 vmsmög qu` r`fjl`@i gjhcr` k` id rjsd? id dcdkèd h`km`vdi `s ugsdgtudrmj p`rj tdhcmíg s` fjgvm`rt` `g f`h`gt`rmj,

adstd su tjtdi `xtmgfmög.

Fjhj s` s`ôdid `g dilÿg `stukmj (Vdjrèg, 4==<), `sid cmcimjt`fd dgtm-dff`sj, fjg ugd FKP `sjtírmfd, qu`hu`strd id iufad `gtr` dff`sj y pr`s`rvdfmög(pr`kjhmgdgkj `stj ÿitmhj adstd `xtr`hjsfrmhmgdi`s), ò`hpimnmfdkd tdhcmíg `g id nmlurd k`Lumii`rhj k` Cdsb`rvmii` ‛ì usudrmj dp`rturmstd,

dcm`rtj d ijs gu`vjs tm`hpjs‛, nr`gt` di cmcimjt`fdrmjfjgs`rvdkjr y r`dffmjgdrmj fjhj Ojrl` k` Curljs.@g jtrds jcrds, id cmcimjt`fd `s ì `sf`gdrmj k` ug



453

frmh`g? ì fjgtrdst` `gtr` id dpdr`gt` trdgqumimkdk ysmi`gfmj k` ugd cmcimjt`fd fjg ug ds`smgdtj s` r`niòd

`g jcrds fjhj Pg fdkäv`r `g id cmcimjt`fd k` DldtadFarmstm`, fuyd prjtdljgmstd Hmss Hdrpi` r`suìv` ìfdsj (41).

Dnmrhd Ldrr`t, gj `x`gtj k` rdzög, qu` nu`rd k` idfjhugmkdk cmcimjt`fdrmd s` ad fjh`gtdkj fjg k`tdii`@i gjhcr` k` id rjsd, ‐hm`gtrds qu` ijs pr jpmjscmcimjt`fdrmjs adg ludrkdkj smi`gfmj„. ] smg `hcdr lj,adfm`gkj dcstrdffmög k` id ípjfd, t`g`hjs ugdr`ni`xmög sjcr` ids cmcimjt`fds y sus ‐ludrkmdg`s„?`stä id f`gsurd (4=), id `strufturd k` ijs fdtäijljs(Lumii`rhj k` Cdsb`rvmii` fjgsuitd ì ègkmf`, kmnèfmi k``gt`gk`r), id mhpimfdfmög k` id ii`ldkd k` gu`vdst`fgjijlèds (ids ‐ldnds„ kì hjgo` k`t`ftmv`, quìidhdg hufaj id dt`gfmög), id drqumt`fturdcmcimjt`fdrmd (ì ÿgmfj kmcuoj k` id gjvìd `spr`fmsdh`gt` ug pidgj k` id dcdkèd), rìdfmög `gtr`

cmcimjt`fdrmjs y usudrmjs (hjgo`s fjpmstds yt`öijljs)2 fjgvmrtmígkjs` `g ugd `sp`fm` k`‐pdräcjid kì mgv`stmldkjr y kì usudrmj k` cmcimjt`fd„(35). …S`fjrkdtjrmj trduhätmfj kì lrdg mgf`gkmjsunrmkj pjr id Cmcimjt`fd k` Diòdgkrèd, ijs mgf`gkmjsimt`rdrmjs y fmg`hdtjlränmfjs r`h`hjrdg íst`, ugd yjtrd v`z. Dsè jfurr` `g id gjvìd fjrtd Ndar`ga`mt;04 k` Sdy Crdkcury, ii`vdkd tdhcmíg di fmg` (4=><,kmr. Nrdgìjms [runndut, fjg Jsbdr \`rg`r y Ouim`

Farmstm`), kjgk`, `g ugd kmftdkurd nuturmstd, ijs imcrjssjg fjsd prjamcmkd y fdkd ugj k` ijs r`cìk`s s`k`kmfd d h`hjrmzdr ug imcrj fjhpi`tj fjhj ÿgmfdnjrhd k` pr`s`rvdr id rmqu`zd mgtì`ftudi k` id`sp`fm` auhdgd.

ºTuí k`nmg` d `stds cmcimjt`fds hjguh`gtdi`s,idc`règtmfds y `gjrh`s: Ids k`nmg`g fm`rtds ‐s`ôds

k` mk`gtmkdk„, qu` sjg tdhcmíg `st`r`jtèpmfds y gjr`spjgk`g d id r`dimkdk k` ids cmcimjt`fds hjk`rgds?`sfdi`rds pìmlrjsds dtrdvm`sdg ids cmcimjt`fds, j



456

cm`g sus `stdgt`s sjg tdg ditjs qu` `s g`f`sdrmjutmimzdr `sfdi`rmiids pdrd ii`ldr d ids pmids k` imcrjs2 ì

pjivj fdhp`d pjr sus r`sp`tjs2 s` fjgstdtd id`xmst`gfmd ‐imt`rdi„ k` ‐rdtjg`s k` cmcimjt`fd„2 y idssdids sjg nrèds y aÿh`kds, hdi miuhmgdkds.Cmcimjt`fds k` `stds fdrdft`rèstmfds sjg fjhug`sadstd ì smlij QMQ, y p`rkurdg `g id h`hjrmd,p`rp`tuägkjs` k` ugd hdg`rd dsjhcrjsd. @g tdi`s`sf`gdrmjs ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs söij pu`k`g s`r fdivjs yii`vdr ldnds (34). [dhpjfj ijs i`ftjr`s s` sdivdg?vdg `g fjgsjgdgfmd fjg ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs. Ids`sfdi`rds kdg hufaj ou`lj? sm`hpr` s` fd` dilum`gk` ìids j sjcr` ìids, smrv`g k` `sf`gdrmj d ugdp`rs`fufmög, j hu`strdg ugds cjgmtds pm`rgdsn`h`gmgds (Fdrji` Ijhcdrk `g Fdsdkd pjr dzdr ).@stjs r`fursjs fmg`hdtjlränmfjs gj ady qu`tjhärsìjs k`hdsmdkj `g s`rmj? ì fmg` gj `s idr`dimkdk, dugqu` id `vjqu` k` hdg`rd mhdlmgdrmd jr`dimstd. Dftudih`gt` ì imcr` dff`sj adf` rdrd id

`xmst`gfmd k` `stdgt`rèds tdg ditds qu` g`f`smt`g k`drtmiulmjs s`hòdgt`s. …Ids mhäl`g`s qu` ì fmg`pr`s`gtd k` cmcimjt`fds hjk`rgds, dcm`rtds dipÿcimfj, fjgfurrmkds, `tf., s` fjgtrdkmf`g hufadsv`f`s, fjg id mhdl`g k` ijs qu` trdcdodg `g ìids.

@i pjivj `s ì ‐fjgvmkdkj k` pm`krd„ k` ugd cmcimjt`fdd id dgtmlud. ‐Sdrds sjg ids k`sfrmpfmjg`s qu`jivmkdg ì pjivj, `s` p`rn`ftj sèhcjij k` ug iuldr

mghövmi kjgk` s` `gtm`gk` qu` gugfd pdsd gdkd„(Fadmgtr`du, 4==6)2 di mludi qu` ijs rdtjg`s k`cmcimjt`fd, qu` dftudih`gt` `xmst`g fjhj diljh`tdnörmfj (dugqu` ids cmcimjt`fds, sm s` k`sfumkdg,tm`g`g rdtds, rdtjg`s y jtrds `sp`fm`s kì r`mgjdgmhdi y v`l`tdi).40

40

UD_ ]DG@V, Fidukmd. Cmcimjt`fds k` fmg`? ugd r`vmsmög k` idmhdl`g k` ids cmcimjt`fds y ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs `g ì síptmhj drt`(töpmfjs y st`r`jtmpjs). R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?



45;

[jkjs ijs ajhcr`s kì Ur`smk`gt` `s ugd pìèfuidcdsdkd `g ids tdr`ds k` mgv`stmldfmög qu` ijs

p`rmjkmstds k` [a` \dsamgltjg Ujst, Cjc \jjkwdrk(Sjc`rt S`knjrk) y Fdri C`rgst`mg (Kustmg Ajnnhdg),ii`vdrjg d fdcj kurdgt` ì `sfägkdij kì \dt`rldt`(4=<3-4=<;) qu` nmgdimzdrèd h`s`s k`spuís fjg idkmhmsmög kì pr`smk`gt` k` ijs @stdkjs PgmkjsSmfadrk Gmxjg. @g ug trdcdoj k` mgv`stmldfmögprjnugkj y `g ì qu` gdkm` fr`èd ‖ k` a`faj\jjkwdrk ii`vdcd dp`gds ugjs h`s`s `g ìp`rmökmfj fudgkj mgmfmö su mgv`stmldfmög, `s k`fmr `rdug gjvdtj, y trdtdrjg k` pdsdr ì t`hd d ug r`kdftjrhäs `xp`rmh`gtdkj fudgkj id kmh`gsmög kì fdsjnu` dhpimägkjs` ‖ ids tdr`ds k` r`fup`rdfmög k`mgnjrhdfmög y `gtr`vmstds fjg t`stmljs y fjgmhpimfdkjs nu`rjg k`t`rhmgdgt`s pdrd `sfidr`f`r ijr`dih`gt` suf`kmkj k`gtrj kì Ajtì \dt`rldt`.

Udrd p`rfdtdrgjs kì `gjrh` trdcdoj qu` supusj

k`svìdr ì v`rkdk`rj trdsnjgkj k` ij qu` s`fjgv`rtmrèd `g ug `sfägkdij k` `gjrh`sprjpjrfmjg`s, `g id pìèfuid s` gjs jnr`f` ugd smhpi`hu`strd. Ids p`squmsds k` ijs kjs r`pjrt`rjs i`sii`vdg adstd Ajwdrk Augt y su s`fr`tdrmd qu` adcèdsjimfmtdkj ugd s`rm` k` imcrjs sjcr` ì ds`smgdtj kÒjag N. B`gg`ky d id Cmcimjt`fd kì Fjglr`sj(Imcrdry jn Fjglr`ss). \jjkwdrk fjgsuitd d ugd kìds cmcimjt`fdrmds sm `s` `xtr`hj `rd fm`rtj y kurdgtùg hjh`gtj k` kukd id cmcimjt`fdrmd ij dnmrhd pdrdpjst`rmjrh`gt` g`ldrij tjkj. Vjrpr`gkmkj pjr idr`dffmög k` id cmcimjt`fdrmd, C`rgst`mg vuìv` d iidhdry s` prjkuf` k` gu`vj id g`ldfmög k` idcmcimjt`fdrmd. @i a`faj k` qu` id Fdsd Cidgfd pmkd

attp?//mc`rsmk.ù/jos/mgk`x.pap/sfmr`/drtmfi`/vm`w/44<0/440<.

(fjgsuitd? 5> k` @g`rj 3545)

http://www.washingtonpost.com/

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Howard_Hunt

http://ibersid.eu/ojs/index.php/scire/article/view/1175/1157


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Howard_Hunt

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate

http://www.washingtonpost.com/



450

hdt`rmdi sjcr` B`gg`ky d ugd cmcimjt`fd pjkrèdpdr`f`r pjfj rì`vdgt`, ady qu` r`fjrkdr qu` Gmxjg

s` `gnr`gtö d ONB `g ids ì`ffmjg`s pr`smk`gfmdi`s yp`rkmö, p`rj ids njrhds y ì dpdr`gt` t`hjr qu`pdr`f` k`hjstrdr id cmcimjt`fdrmd dgt` ugd fu`stmögtdg trmvmdi mgvmtd d ijs kjs mgv`stmldkjr`s dk`spidzdrs` adstd id Cmcimjt`fd kì Fjglr`sj.

Nmgdih`gt`, dgt` id mhpjsmcmimkdk k` pjk`r fjgtrdstdrì mgt`rís k` id Fdsd Cidgfd sjcr` ì ds`smgdtj k`

B`gg`ky vèd tì`nögmfd, ijs kjs p`rmjkmstds sjimfmtdgr`vmsdr ids nmfads k` prístdhj k` tjkj ug dôj (4=<4)dgt` ij qu` ugj k` ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs dff`k` gj smgdgt`s k`fmri`s? ‐V` i`s vdg d fd`r ijs jojs„.4>

D nu`rzd k` r`p`tmfmög gjs a`hjs ndhmimdrmzdkj fjg id smhpi`dffmög k` hjv`r ug imcrj, jprmhmr ug cjtög j lmrdr ugd `stdtumiiducmfdkd sjcr` ì vmsudih`gt` p`sdkj `sfrmtjrmj j `gtr` ijs imcrjskì dgdquì, qu` `g id h`gt` kì `sp`ftdkjr prjy`ftdg

mgh`kmdtdh`gt` id mhdl`g k` id cmcimjt`fd `g id fudi ug p`sdkjhu`ci` fdrldkj k` imcrjs lmrd pdrd k`sfucrmr ugd pu`rtd s`fr`td,ÿgmfd vèd k` `sfdp`, j qu` d trdvís k` tÿgì`s y idc`rmgtjsfjgkuf` d idcjrdtjrmjs hmst`rmjsjs, fähdrds k` tjrturd,hdgsmjg`s, `gjrh`s lrutds j dhpimjs sdijg`s `g kjgk` s` jfuitdug t`sjrj. Vmg mr häs iòjs, `g ’ Mgkmdgd Ojg`s y id ÿitmhd Fruzdkd‘,sjrpr`gk` ì k`sfucrmhm`gtj k` dgtmluds fdtdfuhcds r`pi`tds k`rdtds y `squì`tjs, oustj k`cdoj k` id cmcimjt`fd k` ^`g`fmd, d

kjgk` ì prjtdljgmstd ii`ld smlum`gkj ids gjtds kì kmdrmj `sfrmtjpjr su pdkr`. [dhcmíg ^mrlmgmd, id dkji`sf`gt` prjtdljgmstd k`’@i ndgtdshd k` Fdgt`rvmii`‘ k`sfucr` d trdvís k` ids pmstdsprjpjrfmjgdkds pjr ug imcrj k` prjn`fèds, id hdg`rd k` fjijfdrugd ojyd `g njrhd k` fjrdzög `g ì smtmj `xdftj k` ugd mhdl`gtdiidkd `g ugd r`pmsd k` pm`krd, id fudi, di pr`smjgdrid, dcr` ugdgdquì r`pi`tj k` imcrjs qu` p`rhmt` fruzdr id `gtrdkd s`fr`td d

4>

SJV-HDS[ÈG, Hdrfjs. Ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg`. Jp. Fmt.Uälmgd w`c.



45<

Dsè qu` `g id dftudimkdk tdhpjfj `s k` `xtrdôdr id `xmst`gfmd k`cmcimjt`fds s`fr`tds, p`rt`g`fm`gt`s d rmfjs drmstöfrdtds

fji`ffmjgmstds k` imcrjs rdrjs y huy dgtmlujs, tdi`s fjhj idshjstrdkds di dtrdv`sdr ’Id gjv`gd pu`rtd‘.

Id cmcimjt`fd kì fdstmiij k` Dit`hc`rl, d kjgk` Cmcm Cijfbsc`rl,häs fjgjfmkd fjhj ’Cmcm id a`famf`rd‘, ugd dkji`sf`gt` k` tr`f`dôjs, nu` `gvmdkd pjr sus pdkr`s C`rgadrk y Cdrcdrd pdrdr`njrzdr sus hdt`hätmfds, p`rkmkds `g id `sfuìd, `s ì f`gtrj k`jp`rdfmjg`s kì Fjgsòj k` Cruods Cu`gds, rùgmkds pdrdijfdimzdr d id hdivdkd a`famf`rd Sdcmd vjg Bdtz`mgst`mg qum`g ad`sfdpdkj kì pdgtdgj kì ajrrjr.

Id a`rhjsd y vdimjsd cmcimjt`fd kì fdstmiij-`sfuìd `s id `gtrdkddi idc`rmgtj s`fr`tj, d trdvís k` id fjgsdcmkd `stdgt`rèd lmrdtjrmd.Ady tdhcmíg ugd p`fuimdr cmcimjt`fd `g ids fdsds k` ids gmôdsprjtdljgmstds, qum`g`s, dk`häs k` sus pdkr`s, hd`strjs y, pjrsupu`stj ids cruods, cusfdg sdtmsndf`r sus g`f`smkdk`s k`mgnjrhdfmög r`furrm`gkj d ijs imcrjs.

-‐Fudgkj yj `rd gmôd… adcèd hjgtdôds k` imcrjs„.

Ijs prmgfmpdi`s p`rsjgdo`s k` id amstjrmd fjgsuitdg imcrjs k`hdlmd, qu` dcugkdg y sjg ì ò` k` `stds cmcimjt`fds, pdrd idr`dimzdfmög k` ijs kmn`r`gt`s a`famzjs. Mgfiusmv` ady imcrjs k`r`f`tds k` fjfmgd pdrd cruods. U`rj `g `st` hugkj k` hdlmd ysjrtmi`lmjs iidhd id dt`gfmög id `xmst`gfmd k` ug hjk`rgjfjhputdkjr `g id cmcimjt`fd k` @i`d, id gmôd hmgusväimkd y hòjrdhmld k` Cmcm, ougtj d ijs imcrjs k` id cmcimjt`fd `g su fdsd.

Cu`gj, gm id cruo`rèd pu`k` `sfdpdr d ijs dvdgf`s t`fgjiölmfjs yh`gjs fudgkj s` trdtd k` hdgòdr mgnjrhdfmög `sp`fmdimzdkd.

Ady ug imcrj `sp`fmdi pjr su fjgt`gmkj, gdkd h`gjs qu` ì hdpdkì idc`rmgtj tdg cusfdkj pjr tjkjs y qu` fjgkuf` d id hmshdcmcimjt`fd pjr ug r`fjrrmkj mgt`rgj qu` cdsd su rutd `g ijs imcrjsk` hdt`hätmfds. Urjcdci`h`gt` s`d id cÿsqu`kd kìfjgjfmhm`gtj d trdvís k` id fm`gfmd qu` prjkmldg ijs imcrjs.

-‐Fm`gtjs, hmi`s k` imcrjs k` hdt`hätmfds„. @g fjgv`rsdfmög fjg Cmcm, id hdivdkd cruod Sdcmd fjgnm`sd?



451

-‐Hm hdkr` gugfd t`gèd tm`hpj pdrd hè2 `stdcd jfupdkd`sfrmcm`gkj ug imcrj„.

] Cmcm r`spjgk`?-‐Mludi qu` id hèd ºPst`k `sfrmc`:

] sjh`tmkj pjr ijs `gfdgtjs k` id pjfmög hälmfd, ì pdkr` k` Cmcm`gtr`ld d Sdcmd ì hdgusfrmtj kì gu`vj imcrj k` hdlmd `sfrmtj pjrsu `spjsd, fjgv`gfmkj k` qu` s` trdtd k` ugd ndhjsd `kmtjrdpucimfmstd.

@i f`gtrj kì idc`rmgtj `stä a`faj fjg `gjrh`s i`trds tdiidkds `gpm`krd. Ady pdsdkmzjs d ijs fudi`s s` mglr`sd pjr `gtr` ijs`stdgt`s lmrdtjrmjs `g id cmcimjt`fd. @i idc`rmgtj, qu` cm`gpjkrèdhjs iidhdr @i hugkj jfuitj kì fjgjfmhm`gtj, mgfiuy` ugdfdv`rgd k` amìj rjk`dkd pjr jsfurjs tÿgì`s, ug pu`gt` kìmdgds fjildgt`s sjcr` ug dcmshj smg njgkj y k`spuís, ug idlj k`dluds frmstdimgds y prjnugkds2 y id `gjrh` fdv`rgd s` fjgf`gtrd`g ug t`hpij k` pm`krd k`strumkj fm`gtjs k` dôjs dträs.

Ujr su pdrt`, Cmcm y @i`d k`sfucr`g fjg sjrpr`sd qu`?-‐@i imcrj qu` dcr` id pdr`k k` id cmcimjt`fd `s ug p`gtdlrdhd„

@i pdkr` k` Cmcm y ì kmr`ftjr k` id `sfuìd trdtdg k` r`sjiv`r id`fudfmög hälmfd k` id `xmst`gfmd, pjk`r y nugfmjgdhm`gtj kìidc`rmgtj h`kmdgt` fjhpimfdkds nörhuids hdt`hätmfds, qu` idskjs dhmlds r`suìv`g fjg tjkd id s`gfmii`z k` sus h`gt`smgndgtmi`s, di k`kufmr qu` tjkj ì `hcrjiij gj smlgmnmfd jtrd fjsdqu` ug smhpi` p`gtdlrdhd. ] id hdlmd k`vuìv` d @i`d id ndfuitdk

k` s`gtmr fjgsuìj y di`lrèd dugqu` s`pd qu` gj vjiv`rä dfdhmgdr.

@i ’Lrmglj vmòj‘ `s ug `sfrmtjr qu` r`gugfmd d su trdcdoj y r`td did pr`gsd rùgmkd `g id Cmcimjt`fd kì Fjglr`sj k` ijs @stdkjsPgmkjs, hm`gtrds `g ì s`lugkj pmsj, su amod sjimfmtd ug t`xtj qu`ndfmimt` ì dpr`gkmzdo` kì mkmjhd `spdôji, pdrt` k` su pr`pdrdfmögpdrd vmdodr d Híomfj. Id cmcimjt`fd `s pr`s`gtdkd fjhj ò` k` id

fuiturd y kì fjgjfmhm`gtj, fjhj f`gtrj mgtì`ftudi k` ids mk`dsr`vjiufmjgdrmds, iuldr `g kjgk` s` k`sdnèd ijs pjk`r`s y idsjfm`kdk, dugqu` ’Vöij prjci`hds‘ pr`s`gtd k` hdg`rd r`mt`rdkd



45=

id cmcimjt`fd `g id jnmfmgd k` ug ou`z2 `gmlhätmfd, k`sjrk`gdkd ysufmd, `g ug hugkj mrr`di fjgstrumkj `gtr` ug k`pösmtj k`

fadtdrrd. @i ou`z gj tjfd ug imcrj. Id cmcimjt`fd `s ì r`niòj nmì kìd fdsd y k` su `gtjrgj, k` ids p`rsjgds qu` id adcmtdg, kìk`sjrk`g y ì fdjs. ] di nmgdi, ì ou`z r`suitd s`r ug hjgstruj. Gmquí k`fmr k` ids cmcimjt`fds `hcruodkds, fjhj id Cmcimjt`fdpÿcimfd k` G`w ]jrb d kjgk` k`c`g dfukmr ’Ijs fdzdndgtdshds‘ pjrqu` ijs imcrjs y ids nmfads fdtdijlränmfds vuìdg `gtr` ijsdgdquì`s, idgzdkds pjr ijs ndgtdshds qu` id adcmtdg . Id sdid kì`fturd l`g`rdi `s `gjrh`, jrk`gdkd y imhpmd, pi`gd k` i`ftjr`s

oumfmjsjs qu` trdcdodg `g smi`gfmj. @i fdrrj trdgspjrtdkjr k` imcrjss` `gfu`gtrd tdg ii`gj qu` r`suitd p`sdkj pdrd id fdsm dgfmdgdcmcimjt`fdrmd. Ids `stdgt`rèds k` ijs idkjs y kì njgkj k` id sdidiuf`g r`pi`tds. Ids mgfjgtdci`s iähpdrds cidgfds sjcr` ids h`sdsk` i`fturd kdg id mhpr`smög k` s`r fdc`zds j sjhcrds `g njrhdk` fjgjs smi`gfmjsjs. ] `g h`kmj k` tjkj, r`sditd id mrrì`vdgfmdk` ugd huo`r fjg fadi`fj cidgfj qu` gj s` ad qumtdkj ìsjhcr`rj, ì fudi r`sditd häs dÿg pjr s`r ug sjhcr`rj g`lrj.

S`furr`gt`h`gt` ids cmcimjt`fds s` usdg pdrd sjiufmjgdr ijsprjci`hds `fjgöhmfjs k` prjtdljgmstds k`s`hpi`dkjs, fjhjjfurr` `g ’Vjgähcuijs‘, y `g ’ Kurhm`gkj fjg ì `g`hmlj‘, fudgkjid prjtdljgmstd, Idurd Curg`y, fdhcmdkj su gjhcr` y su dsp`ftj,auy` k` Hdrty, ì hdrmkj psmföpdtd qu` id hditrdtdcd nèsmfd ypsmfjiölmfdh`gt`, adstd ì pugtj k` pr`t`gk`r ds`smgdrid. TumzäsIdurd t`gèd fjgjfmhm`gtj kì trdcdoj `g cmcimjt`fds pjrqu`, dugsm`gkj rmfd, pjfj dgt`s k` su nuld kmf` di hdrmkj?-‐Id s`ôjrd Fidrb iidhö k` id cmcimjt`fd. Kmf` qu` h` g`f`smtd k`tm`hpj fjhpi`tj„. ] íi r`spjgk`? -‐Gj g`f`smtds trdcdodr. ] gj fjgjzfj tu dhjr pjr ijs imcrjs„.

Iu`lj, yd imcr`, dugqu` `g jtrd fmukdk y ii`vdgkj ugd kmnèfmi vmkdk` mgfölgmtd, s` `gfu`gtrd fjg ug dhmlj, qum`g i` adcèd dyukdkjd fjgs`lumr su gu`vj trdcdoj `g id cmcimjt`fd k` id ugmv`rsmkdk?-‐ºTuí ads `stdkj adfm`gkj:„ -‐@gtr` ijs imcrjs. Ludrkdgkj… dfjhjkdgkj„

-‐Ij kmsnrutds ºGj `s dsè:„ -‐H` lustd ij qu` adlj„.



445

’Ijs fdzdndgtdshds‘

^`rkdk`rdh`gt` ady qu` dhdr ijs imcrjs pdrd trdcdodr fjg ìijs. ]gj sjidh`gt` d ijs imcrjs, pu`s k`träs k` ìijs `stäg ijs i`ftjr`s,iiäh`gs` usudrmjs, fim`gt`s, `stukmdgt`s j mgv`stmldkjr`s. Vmgi`ftjr`s gj ady hjtmvj, gm rdzög, gm oustmnmfdfmög, pdrd qu` `xmstdg`kmtjrmdi`s, imcr`rèds, cmcimjt`fds, `kmtjr`s, imcr`rjs y cmcimjt`fdrmjs.] smg ìijs tdhpjfj adcrèd i`ftjr`s. @s, k`nmgmtmvd `

mgkukdci`h`gt`, ug hugkj fmrfuidr `g ì qu` gj s` tm`g` fdcmkdsmg dhjr. Cm`g k`fèdg ijs dcuìjs? ‐@i trdcdoj a`faj fjg dhjr,sm`hpr` `stä cm`g a`faj„. ], tdi v`z s`d ì pugtj mgkmfdkj pdrdr`ni`xmjgdr df`rfd k` id mhpjrtdgfmd qu` tm`g` `s` auhmik` y `gdpdrm`gfmd tdg smhpi` dftj k` ludrkdr y dfjhjkdr… fjgr`spjgsdcmimkdk y `nmfm`gfmd, pjrqu`, p`gs`hjs ug hjh`gtj `g ijqu` s`rèd k` ids cmcimjt`fds, sjcr` tjkj ids huy lrdgk`scmcimjt`fds, smg dquìids p`rsjgds k`kmfdkds d r`fjl`r y ludrkdrijs f`gt`gdr`s, hmiidr`s k` imcrjs y k`häs r`fursjs qu` d kmdrmj

utmimzdg sus hmi`s k` i`ftjr`s.

@g ’ U`rnuh` k` huo`r ‘ ug `stukmdgt` pjcr` trdcdod fjhj dsmst`gt`k` id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidr `g ug fji`lmj pdrd amojs k` rmfjs. @sgjtjrmd su dhdcmimkdk y r`sditd su s`gtmkj k` fjidcjrdfmög fjg ijsusudrmjs `stukmdgt`s, d p`sdr k` ids r`lids, di pr`stdr ug imcrjr`s`rvdkj pjr jtrj, d dilum`g qu` ij g`f`smtd fjg url`gfmd pdrdpr`pdrdr ug `xdh`g kurdgt` tjkd id gjfa`2 y dugqu` gj `s tdg

fjhÿg, suì` hjstrdrs` `sf`gds dgjrhdi`s jfdsmjgdkds pjr`stjs cmcimjt`fdrmjs gj prjn`smjgdi`s ` mhprjvmsdkjs, fjhj `g‘Udrty lmri ‘, id hufadfad prjci`hd fjgtrdtdkd pjr s`r damodkd k`



444

id kmr`ftjrd y fjhj ug h`kmj pdrd dyukdri` d jct`g`r ì kmg`rjg`f`sdrmj pdrd pdldr d su hdkrmgd, qum`g adcèd, d su v`z,

pdldkj id nmdgzd pdrd `vmtdr qu` nu`rd k`t`gmkd. [dhcmíg Ouimd, idhufadfad k` id ’I`jg`rd‘ `s ugd ojv`g fjhÿg y fjrrm`gt`, ugtdgtj sjcr`prjt`lmkd, `stukmdgt` ugmv`rsmtdrmd y `hpi`dkd `g ugdcmcimjt`fd, dfusdkd y `gfdrfìdkd pjr kjs frèh`g`s sdglrm`gtjs,k` ij fudi gj tm`g` id h`gjr mk`d. @g ’Id ì`ffmög k` Vjnèd‘ ugcmcimjt`fdrmj auhmiid d Vjnèd, ugd mghmlrdgt` pjidfd, pjrqu` pmkùg pj`hd k` @hmiy Kmfbmgsjg y ij prjgugfmd, jcvmdh`gt`, k`dfu`rkj fjg su i`glud. Id cmcimjt`fdrmd tmtuidr k` ’ºKögk` qu`kö ì

fjrdzög:‘, qu` ad ii`ldkj d id ijfurd fjhj prjkuftj kìdifjajimshj, `s r``hpidzdkd pjr su a`rhdgj Njrg`y, ug ajhcr`mgtìml`gt` p`rj dgtmpätmfj y lrjs`rj qu` gj pjg` r`pdrjs pdrdk`hjstrdr su kmslustj fudgkj k`c` dt`gk`r d Gjvdi``, id usudrmdfdhp`smgd qu` kmf`?-‐K` fdkd kjs pdidcrds k`cj cusfdr ugd `g ì kmffmjgdrmj, qu`h` hdgkd d jtrj kmffmjgdrmj„.

Tuí s` pu`k` k`fmr. Nditd k` i`fturd mludi d fdr`gfmd k`

vjfdcuidrmj. @s ug fmfij r`p`tmtmvj qu` dn`ftd d id hdyjr pdrt` kìd pjcidfmög auhdgd `g tjkj ì hugkj. Ijs gmôjs i`ftjr`s ii`vdgì íxmtj `g sus hdgjs, fudiqum`rd s`d ì jnmfmj j prjn`smög qu` i`s`sp`rd `g ì nuturj. Vm sdc` i``r pjs`` kjhmgmj kì mkmjhd y s`räfdpdz k` fjhpr`gk`r ij qu` i`d. @g fdsj fjgtrdrmj, fdkd pdidcrdij `gvmdrä d ug kmffmjgdrmj qu` d su v`z ij r`hmtmrä d ugj kmn`r`gt`.Vm tm`g` vjfdcuidrmj pu`k` `sfrmcmr ug t`xtj hòjr qu` ijs k`häs2`stä `g fjgkmfmög k` r`kdftdr mgnjrh`s y prjy`ftjs, kmsfursjs `,mgfiusmv`, fdrtds k` dhjr.

Vmtudfmög smhmidr s` `xpjg` `g ’ Nmidkìnmd‘, fudgkj ì cmcimjt`fdrmjpr`t`gk` `xpuisdr d ug i`ftjr pjrqu` tm`g` hdrfds k` smkd `g ìrjstrj. Furmjsdh`gt`, ug dcjldkj g`lrj `s qum`g mgt`rf`k` dndvjr kì `gn`rhj cidgfj.

Fidrj qu` tdhcmíg ady cmcimjt`fdrmjs cu`gjs. Ujr ò`hpij, idvmò`fmtd k` ’Hdtmikd‘, ì duxmimdr k` ’U`r nuh` k` huo`r‘, ids

dsmst`gt`s k` ’Vu jtrd `spjsd‘, ijs fjhpdô`rjs k` id ’Udrty lmri‘.



443

’Udrty lmri‘

D prjpösmtj k` prjci`hds. @g ’Udrty lmri‘, tdi fjhj s` h`gfmjgödgt`rmjrh`gt`, ugd ojv`g qu` `gnr`gtd kmnmfuitdk`s `fjgöhmfds `sfjgtrdtdkd fjhj dsmst`gt` `g id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd, fjhj ÿitmhjr`fursj pdrd jct`g`r ì kmg`rj g`f`sdrmj d nmg k` fdgfìdr ugdkùkd y tdhcmíg pdrd sucsmstmr. Dcjrr`f` ids idcjr`s fjtmkmdgdskì jnmfmj adstd qu`, fjhj suì` suf`k`r `g ids pìèfuids pdrdqu` pjkdhjs kmsnrutdr k` ug k`s`gidf` nìmz, pr`vdi`f` ì dhjrpjr su gu`vd dftmvmkdk y s` fjgvm`rt` `g id hòjr k` ids dsmst`gt`sk` id cmcimjt`fd, jnmfmj qu` tdhcmíg k`s`hp`ôd id `spjsd k`L`jrl` Cdmi`y, ì fdsm sumfmkd k` ’Tuí cìij `s vmvmr‘, a`rhjsd `gid vmkd k` fdsdkjs, p`rj qu` di v`rid `g su su`ôj, fjhj ugdfamfd sjit`rd, `s ugd tèhmkd cmcimjt`fdrmd kì `st`r`jtmpj fmtdkmgj,fjg ijs mg`vmtdci`s dgt`jojs y ì fdcìij r`fjlmkj `g ug hjôj.

Vmg `hcdrlj, pdrd difdgzdr id nìmfmkdk nmgdi k`c` trdgsfurrmrprmh`rj id trdhd kì nmih` fjg sus v`gturds y k`sv`gturds. Pgdgjfa` k` dquìids `g ids qu` `gtrd `crmd y sucr`ptmfmdh`gt` d idcmcimjt`fd, Hdry, id pdrty lmri, s` `gfu`gtrd r`p`gtmgdh`gt` fjg idfdrätuid k` ug imcrj mk`gtmnmfdkj fjg lrdgk`s i`trds ‐K`w`yK`fmhdi Fidssmnmfdtmjg„ y fjrr`spjgk` d ug ou`lj k` ids tdcids k`fidsmnmfdfmög KKF352 d p`sdr k` su idh`gtdci` `stdkj adf` ug`snu`rzj pdrd i``r y qu`kd ndsfmgdkd pjr id hdlmd k` id

fidsmnmfdfmög. D pdrtmr k` `gtjgf`s fdhcmd su h`gtdimkdk y, `gfjgs`fu`gfmd, su vmkd, dugqu` di kèd smlum`gt` s` `gfu`gtrd `g ì



446

hjstrdkjr k` s`rvmfmjs di pÿcimfj sìidgkj imcrjs k`vuìtjs y lrmtd`g njrhd lrjs`rd d ug usudrmj pjrqu` `stä fjlm`gkj imcrjs `g id

`stdgt`rèd. Mgsmst` `g qu` tjkj tm`g` ug jrk`g k` dfu`rkj fjg ugsmst`hd y qu` ijs usudrmjs gj `gtm`gk`g su trdcdoj. Um`gsd qu`tjkj `s k`hdsmdkj näfmi adstd qu` id o`n` iidhd su dt`gfmög y i`jrk`gd r`fidsmnmfdr ‐@i jr ml`g k` ids `sp`fm`s„ `g fuydfjkmnmfdfmög s` adcèd `qumvjfdkj.

@i Vmst`hd k` Fidsmnmfdfmög K`w`y s` h`gfmjgd fjg fm`rtdnr`fu`gfmd `g pìèfuids gjrt`dh`rmfdgds. Ujr ò`hpij `g ’3543‘,ì p`rmjkmstd k`h`gt` qu` vmv` `g ì ]ìijwstjg` Udrb `sp`rdgkjì nmg kì hugkj, fjgs`rvd ugd fji`ffmög k` hdpds jrk`gdkds`lÿg K`w`y, y ugd vjz r`su`gd k`träs k` ids `stdgt`rèds `g idcmcimjt`fd `sfjidr `g kjgk` `stukmd Cdstmdg, ì mgndtmldci` i`ftjrk` ’Id amstjrmd smg nmg MMM‘?-‐Ijs imcrjs fidsmnmfdkjs s`lÿg ì Vmst`hd K`fmhdi k` K`w`y, v`r`g ids nmfads kì fdtäijlj„.

¡Da! Ijs smst`hds k` fidsmnmfdfmög, mgkmsp`gsdci`s pdrd kdr ug

jrk`g fjgv`gm`gt` d ids fji`ffmjg`s k` ids cmcimjt`fds, gjsjidh`gt` d ijs hdt`rmdi`s cmcimjlränmfjs smgj dukmjvmsudi`s, `gfudi`squm`rd k` sus `sp`fmdimkdk`s, fr`dkjs y p`rn`ffmjgdkjs dij idrlj k` ijs dôjs fjg ì prjpösmtj k` ndvjr`f`r di usudrmjndfmimtdgkj sus fjgsuitds h`kmdgt` ì dff`sj d ijs t`hds k` sumgt`rís, p`rj qu`, pdrdköomfdh`gt`, sjg fjgsmk`rdkjs ugldimhdtèds fjhpr`gsmci` ÿgmfdh`gt` pjr ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs.Udr`fm`rdg i`gludo`s mgv`gtdkjs pjr ìijs y pdrd ìijs, gj pdrd ijsusudrmjs. ] ì fmg` ij hu`strd fjhj ugd r`dimkdk gdkd dlrdkdci`

pdrd ijs ugjs y ijs jtrjs. @o`hpijs fidrjs k` ij dgt`rmjr sjg?’Föhj p`rk`r id fdc`zd‘, `g id fudi ug ojv`g s` vdgdlijrmd k` qu`su gjvmd cmcimjt`fdrmd `s id ÿgmfd qu` fjgjf` v`rkdk`rdh`gt` idKKF2 ’PAN‘, qu` hu`strd `g tì`vmsmög ug cmcimjt`fdrmj tmpjVfawdrz`g`ll`r, qum`g i`vdgtd `g vmij d ug usudrmj pjr ì smhpià`faj k` p`kmri` mgnjrhdfmög, y dk`häs i` pr`lugtd fjg dmr`dh`gdzdgt` sm gj fjgjf` id Fidsmnmfdfmög K`fmhdi K`w`y2 y pjrsupu`stj, ’Udrty lmri‘.

Id fdtdijldfmög y id fidsmnmfdfmög, dsp`ftjsdcsjiutdh`gt` prjn`smjgdi`s `g id vmkd kì



44;

cmcimjt`fdrmj, sjg k`sfrmtds sjcr`tjkj `g ug nmih`,Udrty lmri k` Kdmsy vjg Vfa`ri`r Hdy`r (4==0). V`

trdtd k` ugd ojv`g qu` t`rhmgd trdcdodgkj `g ugdcmcimjt`fd pdrd r`stmtumr ì kmg`rj d id hdkrmgd qum`gadcèd pdldkj su fdufmög pdrd sdimr k` prmsmög. @iid gjsjij s` dpdsmjgd pjr `st` trdcdoj, jfdsmjgdi, smgjqu` ij prjnugkmzd `stukmdgkj pjr sè hmshd idFidsmnmfdfmög K`fmhdi K`w`y (FKK) y k`spuísdsmstm`gkj d ug fursj. Ids s`fu`gfmds `g idcmcimjt`fd sjg 4;, s` k`sdrrjiidg pjr häs k` 36hmgutjs y r`pr`s`gtdg id häxmhd pr`s`gfmd k` ugdcmcimjt`fd `g ugd pìèfuid.

@stjs ò`hpijs gj gjs miustrdg fm`gtènmfdh`gt`dsp`ftjs k` id prjn`smög, p`rj sjg pdrtmfuidrh`gt`mgt`r`sdgt`s pjr fudgtj pjg`g id dt`gfmög sjcr` idsr`lids kì r`lmstrj y k` id fidsmnmfdfmög qu`fjgstmtuy`g pdrd ì cmcimjt`fdrmj ug hjtmvj k`kmstmgfmög prjn`smjgdi. @i fmg` sdc` r`tjhdr ijs

dsp`ftjs häs r`fögkmtjs kì mgkmvmkuj, `g fuyjdrluh`gtj gj pm`rk` id jfdsmög pdrd mgt`rv`gmr fjgmrjgèd.4<

U`rj `g ’I`ldkj k` vmji`gfmd‘, Farms, ug ojv`g lrdgo`rj qu` vmv`fjg su pdkr` y su a`rhdgj k` 45 dôjs, pr`lugtd d íst`?- ‐ºTuí adf`s:„ y ì gmôj r`spjgk`?- ‐Jrldgmzj ijs imcrjs k` dfu`rkj fjg su jijr2 íst` `s k` ug tmpjqu`…„

º] pjr quí gj: [jkjs sdc`hjs qu` `s p`rn`ftdh`gt` pjsmci`jrk`gdr ijs imcrjs pjr hdt`rmd, dutjr, `kmtjrmdi, tètuij, s`lÿg sutdhdôj j fidsmnmfdrijs pjr fjijr`s, tdi v`z pjr su t`xturd j pjr ìtmpj k` pdpì. @gtjgf`s ºUjr quí gj k` dfu`rkj fjg su jijr:K`sk` iu`lj qu` gjs v`rèdhjs `g id mhp`rmjsd g`f`smkdk k`k`sdrrjiidr ug `xtrdjrkmgdrmj s`gtmkj kì jindtj. A` dquè ugmgt`r`sdgt` pugtj pdrd r`ni`xmög? ºD quí auì`g id ‐Cmcimd„ y ì

4<K'DI@VVDGKSJ, Kdrèj. Jp. Fmt. Uälmgd w`c.



440

‐Fjräg„: ºTuí drjhd tm`g`g ‐Hm iufad„, ‐Dimfmd `g ì pdès k` idshdrdvmiids„, ‐Fm`g dôjs k` sji`kdk„, id ‐Kmvmgd fjh`kmd„,

‐Bdhdsutrd„ y ì ‐Dil`crd„ k` Cdikjr:

@i trdcdoj `g ugd cmcimjt`fd `s pjr k`nmgmfmög‐smi`gfmjsj„. @g ids pìèfuids `s nr`fu`gt` ì ldlkjgk` ì smi`gfmj k` id cmcimjt`fd `s rjtj pjr dilÿgusudrmj j dilugd dffmög tr`pmkdgt`, qu` fajfd fjg idtrdgqumimkdk `sp`rdkd? dsè `g Fdrtds d Mrms (4==5),K`sdyugj fjg kmdhdgt`s (4=>4), @i lrdkudkj(4=><), @i sustmtutj (4==>), [diij k` am`rrj (4=11),`gtr` jtrds. @stj `s ugd r`dimkdk? fudgkj dilum`gadf` rumkj, ì p`rsjgdi qu` trdcdod `g cmcimjt`fds i`sjimfmtd qu` ludrk` smi`gfmj. Vm ì smi`gfmj mhp`rd `gid cmcimjt`fd, `gtrdr `g ìid s` p`rfmc` fjhj ugds`gsdfmög k` mgtrusmög, k` vmjidr ug `spdfmj sdlrdkj(40), qu` hufajs `sfrmtjr`s adg r`fjlmkj `g susjcrds.

K`sk` ì pugtj k` vmstd kì usudrmj, `gtrdr d ugdcmcimjt`fd, pdrd fjgsuitdr ug imcrj r`qum`r` fjgjf`rugjs hègmhjs fökmljs k` utmimzdfmög kì s`rvmfmj. Idimt`rdturd kd ug pdsj häs diiä y sulm`r` d v`f`s`xpièfmtdh`gt` qu` ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs, jfupdkjs `gtdr`ds mgÿtmi`s, sjg `g`hmljs k` ijs i`ftjr`s. @st`pugtj k` vmstd tm`g` su fjgtrdpdrtmkd? `g Vu jtrd`spjsd (4=0<), qu`kd fidrj qu` ids `nmfm`gt`scmcimjt`fdrmds pu`k`g gj söij s`r ids p`rn`ftds

mgt`rh`kmdrmds `gtr` id mgnjrhdfmög y sus usudrmjs(4>), smgj qu` sup`rdg `g fm`rtj hjkj, id nrmdikdk kìds häqumgds2 dugqu` nmgdih`gt` s` dièdg fjg ìids,fjhj k`c` s`r.

Ij dgt`rmjr fajfd fjg id cmcimjlrdnèd `gtjrgj d ijsvdijr`s prjn`smjgdi`s k` ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs? ístd gjkòd k` s`ôdidr adstd id sdfm`kdk, qu` ug

cmcimjt`fdrmj `g ijs dicjr`s kì smlij QQM k`c` s`r ugmhpuisjr y fjhpjg`gt` k` id l`g`rdfmög kìfjgjfmhm`gtj, ug mgt`rh`kmdrmj `gtr` ì usudrmj y id



44>

mgnjrhdfmög, pjs``r fjgjfmhm`gtjs tífgmfjs yfdpdfmkdk k` l`stmög, smg jivmkdr ijs vdijr`s

trdkmfmjgdi`s y ì cu`g trdtj (Drjt, 3555).

U`rj qumzä ij qu` häs s` r`pr`s`gtd `g ì fmg` `s diprjpmj usudrmj d id cÿsqu`kd y fdpturd k` idmgnjrhdfmög. Dsè, ‐kjs sjg ids nu`gt`s k` mgnjrhdfmögmgstmtufmjgdi qu` fjg hdyjr r`furr`gfmd dpdr`f`g `gids jcrds imt`rdrmds y fmg`hdtjlränmfds? ijs drfamvjs yijs f`gtrjs k` kjfuh`gtdfmög.„ (Lrdfmd, 4==;). @ip`rsjgdo` prmgfmpdi cusfd ids nu`gt`s k` mgnjrhdfmögg`f`sdrmds (`s nr`fu`gt` v`r id pr`gsd d trdvís kì`ftjr`s-r`prjkuftjr`s), fjhj `g [jkjs ijs ajhcr`skì pr`smk`gt`, Fmukdkdgj Bdg` (4=;4) j ì nmihfiäsmfj kì kmr`ftjr Odfqu`s [jurgùr Id hdikmfmögkì k`hjgmj (4=0=, fjg Kdgd Dgkr`ws, U`llyFuhhmgs) qu` `xpijtd ì t`hd kì imcrj hdikmtj qu`gj s` adiid `g ì Crmtmsa Husùh (dugqu` nmlurd `gsus fdtäijljs), p`rj sè ugd fjpmd `g id cmcimjt`fd

pdrtmfuidr kì ièk`r k` ugd s`ftd sdtägmfd. @s rdrj quùgd pìèfuid k` fmg` g`lrj j k` `spmjgdo` gj adlddilugd diusmög d `std fu`stmög. Hdrtmg Sdmsa imstd ugfjgougtj k` f`rfd k` 455 pìèfuids qu` s` utmimzdgpdrd ugd mgv`stmldfmög, `stukmdr, `gfjgtrdrs` fjgdilum`g j pdrd jtrjs prjpösmtjs, sm`gkj ìcmcimjt`fdrmj ugd pm`zd häs kì hjcmimdrmj, qu` dyukdd mk`gtmnmfdr ì `sf`gdrmj.41

C`rgdrk, ì prjtdljgmstd k` ’]d `r`s ug hufadfaj lrdgk`‘, `s ug ojv`g k` 4= dôjs, dsmst`gt` k` id Cmcimjt`fd Uÿcimfd k` Gu`vd]jrb, `g kjgk` dpdr`f` di fjhm`gzj k` id pìèfuid ucmfdgkj imcrjshm`gtrds vuìd `g pdtmg`s pjr `gtr` ijs `stdgt`s2 iu`lj s` suc` dihjgtdimcrjs y cdod adstd ì `sfrmtjrmj k` fmrfuidfmög `g kjgk` ijr`fmc`, pjr supu`stj, ug nu`rt` iidhdkj k` dt`gfmög.

41 UD_ ]DG@V, Fidukmd. Jp. Fmt. Uälmgd w`c.



441

ípjfd. [jkj `s jrk`g y imhpm`zd, s` gjtd id dhdcmimkdk k` ids`hpi`dkds pdrd dt`gk`r fjgsuitds tì`nögmfds y r`sditd id

dhmstjsd fdhdrdk`rèd `gtr` ìids.

[di fjhj `g id vmkd r`di, id gj dgugfmdkd ii`ldkd kì mgl`gm`rjp`rturcd id gjrhdimkdk `g ì trdcdoj y id gjtmfmd k` id dkqumsmfmög ypröxmhj drrmcj k` ug fjhputdkjr pdrd dutjhdtmzdr ìk`pdrtdh`gtj pr`jfupd di p`rsjgdi, t`h`rjsj k` p`rk`r su`hpi`j. ] dsè fjhj suf`k` fjtmkmdgdh`gt` `g ì hugkj hdt`rmdi,ugd gjfa` ì mgl`gm`rj qu`kd `gf`rrdkj, mludi qu` hufajsusudrmjs k`spmstdkjs, k` dquìijs qu` `xmst`g `g fudiqum`r f`gtrjmgnjrhdtmvj, `sp`fmdih`gt` cmcimjt`fds ugmv`rsmtdrmds2dnjrtugdkdh`gt`, id o`n` k` S`n`r`gfmd, Cuggy \dtsjg, r`lr`sd`g cusfd k` dilj qu` adcèd jivmkdkj y r`sfdtd di k`kmfdkjmgl`gm`rj k` smst`hds, d qum`g mgvmtd d f`gdr `g su fdsd, `gkjgk` ij prmh`rj qu` s` v` di `gtrdr `s id cmcimjt`fd, qu`mludih`gt` smrv` fjhj njgkj `g ids vmstds kì fjh`kjr.

Gj nditd ì ärcji k` Gdvmkdk `g id jnmfmgd gm ì rìdodhm`gtj

mgjnmfmjsj k` ijs `hpi`dkjs sj pr`t`xtj k` ids nm`stdsk`f`hcrmgds. [dgtj dsè qu` ugd iidhdkd pdrd mgkdldr pjr ijsgjhcr`s k` ijs r`gjs k` Vdgtd Fidus `s dt`gkmkd pjr ì mgl`gm`rjk` smst`hds. @i cdmi` jfurr` `g ids jnmfmgds k` S`n`r`gfmd. ºUjrquí sm`hpr` suf`k` ij hmshj: ºUjr quí ids rùgmjg`s gj sìi`vdg d fdcj `g ids är`ds dkhmgmstrdtmvds, r`fr`dtmvds j k`k`pjrt`:

@i Mgl`gm`rj y id o`n` kì f`gtrj cusfdg mgtmhmkdk s`gtdkjs `g ì

suìj, `gtr` ids `stdgt`rèds, pdrd adcidr di fdijr k` ugd cjtìid kìmfjr. Mhdl`g cdstdgt` furmjsd sm s` tm`g` `g h`gt` ids `xml`gfmdsmhpu`stds d ijs usudrmjs `g fudgtj d r`lidh`gtjs y gjrhds k`fjgkuftd y dftmtuk k`gtrj k` ids cmcimjt`fds y smtmjs smhmidr`s.

Gjtd k` prjcdci` mgt`rís pdrd p`rsjgds d fdrlj k` dftmvmkdk`ssjfmdi`s y fuiturdi`s? Ids sdids k` i`fturd fjg sus h`sds ysmii`t`rèd, dhpimjs `spdfmjs y imhpm`zd k` pmsjs y v`gtdgds, sjg

dp`t`fmkds pjr ijs kmr`ftmvjs qu`, jcvmdh`gt`, gj tm`g`g su jnmfmgd`g kmfads k`p`gk`gfmds. Diiè s` r`ÿg` di p`rsjgdi k` id cmcimjt`fdj kì drfamvj pdrd fì`crdr id Gdvmkdk, ì Dôj Gu`vj, ijs



44=

fuhpi`dôjs k` `hpi`dkjs mhpjrtdgt`s2 diiè s` crmgkd id fjpd k`vmgj di ajh`gdo`dkj y s` jnr`f` ì dihu`rzj di mgvmtdkj. Udrd

hu`strd, id rùgmög gdvmk`ôd k` ’Vu jtrd `spjsd‘ y ì cdmi` k`Hdrèd, id puifrd y fjrr`ftd cmcimjt`fdrmd, sjcr` ids h`sds kì`fturd `g ’^mvmr k` miusmög‘, pìèfuid sì`ffmjgdkd pdrd supr`s`rvdfmög `g ì S`lmstrj Gdfmjgdi Fmg`hdtjlränmfj k` ijs@stdkjs Pgmkjs, `g id Cmcimjt`fd kì Fjglr`sj, pjr s`r ‐…fuiturdi,amstörmfd j `stítmfdh`gt` smlgmnmfdtmvd…„. [di v`z pjkrèdhjsdlr`ldr, pjr s`r ugd hu`strd k` ij qu` gj k`c` adf`rs`.

’Vu jtrd `spjsd‘

Id rùgmög gdvmk`ôd `s dprjv`fadkd pjr ì mgl`gm`rj pdrddgugfmdr, mgjpjrtugj, id ii`ldkd k` id fjhputdkjrd qu` p`rhmtmrädutjhdtmzdr ì f`gtrj k` mgnjrhdfmög k` r`n`r`gfmd. Id mhdl`g

smlum`gt` `s id lmldgt`sfd häqumgd jfupdgkj ì `spdfmj kjgk`dgt`s s` `gfjgtrdcdg ijs `sfrmtjrmjs. @i fdhcmj `s tjtdi. V`r`sditd id s`ôdimzdfmög, dgt`s mg`xmst`gt`? Gj tjfdr, Gj nuhdr. Fdsms` sm`gt` ì mhpdftj qu` `xp`rmh`gtdg ids `hpi`dkds. Ii`ldgvmsmtds mhpjrtdgt`s pdrd v`r ì prjlr`sj. @i mgl`gm`rj y sudsmst`gt` gj p`rhmt`g adcidr d ids r`n`r`gfmstds y gdkm` i`s pr`stddt`gfmög. Dftj s`lumkj r`fmc`g sus fa`qu`s k` imqumkdfmög.

Hm`gtrds r`fjl`g sus p`rt`g`gfmds, id gu`vd y hjk`rgd dsmst`gt`k` smst`hds `s mgfdpdz k` r`spjgk`r ugd fjgsuitd df`rfd k` ijs\dtusm, gm k` ids hmgds kì S`y Vdijhög. @g ì `gjrh` tdci`rj



435

tmtmidg ids iuf`s hm`gtrds id dgtmlud r`n`r`gfmstd prjpjrfmjgdmgnjrhdfmög mgh`kmdtd, yd k` h`hjrmd, yd tjhdkd k` hdt`rmdi`s

`sfrmtjs, mgfiuy`gkj ug `xt`gsj pj`hd. Id häqumgd `gijqu`f` ougtj fjg id jp`rdrmd qu`, nu`rd k` fjgtrji, dcdgkjgd su trdcdoj yì k`sfjgf`rtdkj mgl`gm`rj k`fmk` dpdldr id fjhputdkjrd.K`sdpdr`f`g ids iuf`s kì tdci`rj, s` k`tm`g`g ids fmgtds qu`lmrdcdg d ijs idkjs k` id `gjrh` häqumgd y s` prjkuf` ug lrdtjsmi`gfmj. @gtjgf`s, ugd gu`vd fjgsuitd tì`nögmfd fuyd r`spu`stdk`sfjgjf`g ids r`n`r`gfmstds, prjpjrfmjgd d id fjhputdkjrd idjpjrtugmkdk pdrd r`mvmgkmfdrs` y `s id fidv` pdrd k`hjstrdrgjs dtjkjs, qu` auhdgjs y häqumgds pu`k`g trdcdodr ougtjs.

Dugqu` sdc`hjs qu` `s kmnèfmi. @sp`fmdih`gt` pdrd ids p`rsjgdshdyjr`s, dfjstuhcrdkds di usj y fjgsuitd k` ijs dgtmlujsfdtäijljs `g njrhd k` nmfa`rjs, p`rj tjrp`s y hufads v`f`sr`dfmds di fjgjfmhm`gtj y hdgòj k` ids t`fgjijlèds dftudi`s. Dsè,`g id yd fmtdkd ’Fmukdk k` äglì`s‘, di mglr`sdr d ugd k` ids sdidsk` i`fturd, `g ugj k` ijs hufajs gmvì`s kì `kmnmfmj k` idmgh`gsd cmcimjt`fd, s` jy` vjf`s mgfjg`xds, k` usudrmjs

mgvmsmci`s, `gtr` ids fudi`s ugd huo`r `xfidhd?-‐¡Tuí pdsö fjg ids tdro`tds2 `sds pjkèdg tjfdrs`!„.

@g id fm`gfmd nmffmög/ndgtdsèd id mgnjrhdfmög s``qumpdrd d fjgjfmhm`gtj, qu` smlgmnmfd pjk`r.Furmjsdh`gt` ijs vdijr`s qu` ajy kèd `stäg ‐nu`rd k`hjkd„ ‛k` fustjkmj y pr`s`rvdkjr ‛ sjg k` lrdgmhpjrtdgfmd `g hufads jcrds k` `st` líg`rj. Vjcr`tjkj `g ids ndgtdsèds k` k`struffmög kì hugkj,

kjgk` id mgnjrhdfmög s` fjgvm`rt` `g ug ndftjr fidv`.Id mgnjrhdfmög, fjgt`gmkd `g ijs imcrjs kì nuturjsuì` s`r hälmfd j sdlrdkd. D trdvís k` id imt`rdturdy kì fmg` (Lrmnn`g, 4=1<) s` r`dimzdg dgtmfmpdfmjg`sk` id fuiturd, k` id sjfm`kdk y sus hdgmn`stdfmjg`s.V` suì`g r`fr`dr cmcimjt`fds tjtdih`gt`dutjhdtmzdkds, id vuìtd d cmcimjt`fdsràuhdgmzdkds, id r`mgv`gfmög k` cmcimjt`fds trds ug

fdtdfimshj drhdl`kögmfj j cm`g cmcimjt`fds k` id `rdpjst-dutjhdtmzdfmög, ditdh`gt` t`fgjiölmfds y‐h`gtdi`s„ (pjr gj k`fmr tì`pätmfds). Kùkjr k` id



434

imt`rdturd utöpmfd (Lrdfmd, 4==;), ì fmg` ad r`niòdkjdilugds k` `stds mgqum`tuk`s. Dsè `g 3554? Pgd

jkms`d kì `spdfmj (4=>1) gj ady cmcimjt`fd smgj ugdlrdg fjhputdkjrd f`gtrdi, qu` s` r`cìd fjgtrd susfr`dkjr`s. @st` `squ`hd k` lrdg fjhputdkjrd‐hdkr`„, s` r`pmt` `g Dim`g (4=15). D id v`z qu` gj`xmst`g imcrjs, k`sdpdr`f`g ijs pidf`r`s qu` idi`fturd prjfurd. @g Sjii`r Cdii (4=<0, kmr. GjrhdgO`wmsjg, fjg Odh`s Fddg, Ojag C`fb, Hduk

Dkdhs), tjkjs ijs imcrjs s` adg trdspdsdkj d idh`hjrmd f`gtrdi kì jrk`gdkjr kì pidg`td, iidhdkj‐_írj„. Kmfaj jrk`gdkjr s` pr`s`gtd cdoj ì dsp`ftjk` ugd fjiuhgd pjr id qu` fmrfuid ug dlud ‐täftmi„. @icmcimjt`fdrmj (s`ôjr hdyjr) k`sdgmhdkj pjr ijs`rrjr`s `g ijs kdtjs lrdcdkjs, fjgstdtd qu` tjkj ìsmlij Q^ ad k`sdpdr`fmkj. Pgd nrds` ij kmf` tjkj? ‐Gj`s ug smlij huy rmfj, `xf`ptj Kdgt` y dilugjs pdpdsfjrrjhpmkjs„, mrjgmzd ì cmcimjt`fdrmj. Fjhj suì`suf`k`r, ì jrk`gdkjr f`gtrdi s` dtdsfd y dgt` ids

pr`lugtds söij r`spjgk` ‐G`ldtmvj, g`ldtmvj„, ij quàdf` qu` ì cmcimjt`fdrmj i` p`lu` ugds pdtdkds y ìièqumkj k` su mgt`rmjr sdild pjr tjkds pdrt`s. Di gjadc`r imcrjs (pjr fuipd k` `stdkjs tjtdimtdrmjs, pjrmgf`gkmjs tmpj Drhdl`kög, `tf.) ids p`rsjgds s`fjgvm`rt`g `g imcrjs vmvm`gt`s, fjhj `g Ndar`ga`mt.

Dpdr`f`g rjcjts dgtrjpjhjrnmzdkjs usdkjs fjhjt`rhmgdi`s pdrd id cÿsqu`kd k` mgnjrhdfmög (fjhjijs rjcjts k` id s`rm` Id lu`rrd k` ids ldidxmds),

r`p`tmkjs adstd id sdfm`kdk `g ids gjvìds k`fm`gfmd-nmffmög (Dsmhjv, Vtdgmsidv I`h, PrsuidI`Lumg, `tf.).

S`n`r`gfmds d id pjsmcmimkdk k` kmspjg`r k`‐r`fu`rkjs mgo`rtdkjs„ `g ì f`r`crj, fjhj `g idpìèfuid K`sdnèj tjtdi (4==5, kmr. Udui ^`raj`v`g, fjg

Drgjik Vfawdrz`g`ll`r, Vadrjg Vtjg`, `tf.), fuyj

prjtdljgmstd tm`g` ugd vmkd ‐mgv`gtdkd„ pjr jcrd kìjs famps, j id pìèfuid `spdôjid Dcr` ijs jojs (4==<,



433

kmr. Diòdgkrj Dh`gäcdr, fjg @kudrkj Gjrm`ld,U`gíijp` Fruz) (Vdjrèg, 4==1).

Dp`gds `xmst`g cmcimjt`fdrmjs? ì usudrmj `s ì r`y. V`h`gfmjgdg gu`vjs njrhdtjs (`g Cidk` Sugg`r(4=13) s` ii`vd d fdcj ugd mgv`stmldfmög utmimzdgkjì`h`gtjs dukmjvmsudi`s)? fucjs, fäpsuids y jtrjsqu` söij fdc`g `g id mhdlmgdfmög.

Vmlu` adcm`gkj cds`s k` kdtjs qu` ijfdimzdgfudiqum`r kdtj qu` s` i`s pmkd. Vmg mr häs iòjs, `gsdlds k` föhmf y fmg`, ì p`rsjgdo` k` Vup`rhdg,pjs`` ugd vmsmög huy ‐t`fgjiölmfd„ (rdyjs Q,frmstdi`s ajijlränmfjs, `tf.). Nr`gt` d tdgtd t`fgjijlèdsurl` ug mg`vmtdci` fjgtrdst` fjg id pjfd `vjiufmögk` id `sp`fm` auhdgd.4=

Hdrfjs Sjs-Hdrtèg pr`s`gtd ids smlum`gt`s jcs`rvdfmjg`s k` ’Id

lu`rrd k` ids ldidxmds‘, ugds s`hdgds dgt`s kì `str`gj kì

@pmsjkmj MMM ‖ ’Id v`gldgzd k` ijs Vmta y Id cmcimjt`fd O`km k`Fjrusfdgt‘.

Gj sí sm vjiv`rä d dpdr`f`r Ojfdstd Gu, id drfamv`rdO`km, j sm smhpi`h`gt` ì [`hpij s`rä k`strumkj. Idprmh`rd hmsmög k` Dgdbmg Vbywdib`r `s idr`fup`rdfmög k` ug Ajijfrjg k` ijs Vmta qu` s``gfu`gtrd fustjkmdkj `g ì [`hpij k` Fjrusfdgt ypjr `gk` `g id cmcimjt`fd.

Ij prmh`rj qu` k`c`hjs s`ôdidr `s qu` `xmst`gjtrds cmcimjt`fds k`gtrj k` id mhdlmg`rèd k` Vtdr\drs. Vmg `hcdrlj `s id k` Fjrusfdgt, pjr rdzjg`sjcvmds, id qu` `stä hòjr k`sfrmtd. D hjkj k`furmjsmkdk, id prmh`rd cmcimjt`fd O`km qu` s`fjgstruyö s` `gfjgtrdcd smtudkd `g ì pidg`td ]dvmgM^, qu` `s pr`fmsdh`gt` ì qu` mcd d s`r k`strumkj

pjr id @strìid k` id Hu`rt`. Ij häs furmjsj k` `std

4= Mcmk.



436

cmcimjt`fd `s qu` ijs O`kms k`fmkm`rjg trdgsnjrhdrfjhpi`tdh`gt` ì pidg`td. Dsè, k` ug fimhd k`sjidkj

s` pdsd di nrjgkjsj cjsqu` trjpmfdi y, s`lugkj, ijsO`kms fjgstruy`g id cmcimjt`fd y d su dir`k`kjr s`k`sdrrjiid id fmukdk qu` smlijs häs tdrk` k` sufjgstruffmög `s fjhpi`tdh`gt` dcdgkjgdkd y, ougtjd ìid, id cmcimjt`fd s` fjgvm`rt` `g ug hmtj.

U`rj k`c`hjs vjiv`r di Drfamvj kì [`hpij O`km `gFjrusfdgt. @st` [`hpij `s ì prmgfmpdi ajldr k` idJrk`g O`km, dugqu` `xmstèdg jtrjs t`hpijs `g Miuh yBdhpdrds. @g Fjrusfdgt s` `gfjgtrdcd ì DitjFjgsòj ougtj fjg id cmcimjt`fd häs lrdgk`fjgjfmkd, l`stmjgdkd pjr ijs O`km y sup`rvmsdkd pjrHdkdh` Ojfdstd Gu. Fjhj `g tjkjs ijs t`hpijs kìfjgjfmhm`gtj, id dthösn`rd k`gtrj k` `std cmcimjt`fd`s pdusdkd y trdgqumid, lrdfmds `g pdrt` di `n`ftj qu`prjvjfd id iuz gdturdi qu` p`g`trd d trdvís k` ijsv`gtdgdi`s y qu` s` r`niòd `g ì pdvmh`gtj kì suìj.

@g ijs idt`rdi`s s` kmspjg`g ids `stdgt`rèds qu`dic`rldg ijs ajijimcrjs, qu` `hmt`g ugd t`gu` iuzdzui, kmspu`stjs d s`r fjgsuitdkjs pjr dquìmgv`stmldkjr qu` g`f`smt` k` sus mgnjrhdfmjg`s.

Id cmcimjt`fdrmd O`km, Ojfdstd Gu, tm`g` ugddpdrm`gfmd nrälmi k`cmkj d su dvdgzdkd `kdk p`rjfjgs`rvd ug dcruptj t`hp`rdh`gtj. Ojfdstd ads`rvmkj d ijs O`km kurdgt` hufajs dôjs y

dftudih`gt` smrv` d id Jrk`g fjhj Kmr`ftjrd kì Drfamvj. Ids rjpds qu` vmst` r`pr`s`gtdg ijssèhcjijs k` Dgsdtd, qu` mgkmfdg id k`vjfmög difjgjfmhm`gtj y di dpr`gkmzdo`. Gj nu` ugd crmiidgt`lu`rr`rd p`rj dÿg fjgs`rvd su sdci` iäs`r fjhjr`fu`rkj k` kèds iòdgjs di s`rvmfmj k` id Jrk`g.

Pgd k` sus nugfmjg`s fjhj cmcimjt`fdrmd, dk`häs k`

id fustjkmd k` ijs r`lmstrjs dihdf`gdkjs `g ijsdrfamvjs, `s id pr`pdrdfmög k` ids hmsmjg`s k` ijsO`km d ij idrlj k` id ldidxmd. Ujkrèdhjs k`fmr qu` ijs



43;

kjfuh`gtd pdrd qu` `stíg pr`pdrdkjs dgt` ijs r`tjsqu` vdg d `gnr`gtdr.

Id s`lurmkdk k` id cmcimjt`fdrmd `g fudgtj s` r`nm`r` did `nmfm`gfmd y fdpdfmkdk k` su cmcimjt`fd s` r`niòdfidrdh`gt` `g ug kmäijlj qu` ístd sjstm`g` fjg Jcm\dg B`gjcm, qum`g cusfd mgnjrhdfmög k` ug smst`hdpidg`tdrmj iidhdkj Bdhmgj, qu` gj dpdr`f` `g idsfdrtds k` ijs drfamvjs.-‐Vm`gtj k`fmrij, p`rj fr`j qu` ì smst`hd qu` cusfdsgj `xmst`„. -‐Mhpjsmci`. Tumzäs ijs drfamvjs `stäg mgfjhpi`tjs„. -‐Vm ug ì`h`gtj gj dpdr`f` `g gu`strjs drfamvjs `squ` gj `xmst`„.

@g `std `st`r`jtmpdkd vmsmög k` id prjn`smög, OjfdstdGu dpjrtd ugd r`spu`std tèpmfd kì fjhpjrtdhm`gtjcmcimjt`fdrmj `g l`g`rdi, pu`s pr`suh` qu` sufjgjfmhm`gtj k` ijs njgkjs qu` fustjkmd `s sup`rmjr

d id pjsmcmimkdk k` nrdfdsdr `g ug prjf`sj k`r`fup`rdfmög k` id mgnjrhdfmög.

F`gtríhjgjs `g ijs hdt`rmdi`s k` fjgsuitd k` `stdcmcimjt`fd. Ujr ug idkj, kmspjg`hjs k` kmstmgtjst`rhmgdi`s mgnjrhätmfjs qu` B`gjcm utmimzd, dnmrhdgkjqu` Bdhmgj gj dpdr`f` `g ijs r`lmstrjs2 pjr jtrj,t`g`hjs kmspjgmci`s, prmgfmpdih`gt`, ijs ajijimcrjsk` ids `stdgt`rèds y k` njrhd s`fugkdrmd ijs

ajijfrjg`s.

Ijs ajijimcrjs fjgsmst`g `g cmiijg`s k` kjfuh`gtjsqu` s` `gfu`gtrdg d kmspjsmfmög k` ijsmgv`stmldkjr`s y fjgtm`g`g fdkd ijlrj fm`gtènmfj yfdkd r`lmstrj amstörmfj k` id S`pÿcimfd, häs diiä kìjs fjgjfmhm`gtjs prjpmjs k` id Jrk`g O`km.

Ijs ajijfrjg`s sjg usdkjs tdgtj pjr ijs O`km fjhjpjr ijs Vmta. Pg ajijfrjg y pjr `gk` ug ajijimcrj, `sug kmspjsmtmvj k` dihdf`gdhm`gtj `g frmstdi qu`



430

pu`k` fjgt`g`r kmstmgtds tmpjijlèds k` mgnjrhdfmög y`g l`g`rdi s` utmimzdg pdrd id `gs`ôdgzd k` ijs

fdhmgjs k` id Nu`rzd, tdgtj k` ijs O`km fjhj k` ijsVmta. Fudgkj s` dftmvdg, id mgnjrhdfmög s` pr`s`gtd`g njrhd k` ajijlrdhd. Psudih`gt` dpdr`f` sufr`dkjr y `s pjsmci` mgt`rdftudr fjg íi. Vöij ugmgmfmdkj `g id Nu`rzd pu`k` dftmvdr `stjskmspjsmtmvjs, p`rj ugd v`z mgmfmdkjs fudiqum`rd pu`k`mgt`rdftudr fjg ì ajijlrdhd.

Ijs ajijfrjg`s O`km tm`gk`g d pr`s`gtdr njrhd k`fucjs frmstdimgjs, hm`gtrds qu` ijs fjrr`spjgkm`gt`sd ijs Vmta sjg pmrdhmkdi`s. Pg ajijfrjg Vmta huy`sp`fmdi, fjg kjf` fdrds, s` `gfu`gtrd fustjkmdkj`g ijs Drfamvjs kì [`hpij O`km k` Fjrusfdgt. @ihmshj ]jkd tjkdvèd gj ad smkj fdpdz k` k`svìdrtjkjs sus s`fr`tjs, yd qu` gj `s gdkd s`gfmiijhdgmpuidr `stjs smst`hds, qu` mgfiuy`g mgnjrhdfmögsjcr` drhds, drhdkurds, dgkrjmk`s, vàèfuijs y

gdv`s `spdfmdi`s. Fdkd ajijfrjg Vmta fjgtm`g` idp`rsjgdimkdk k` su fr`dkjr, pjr ij qu` sm`hpr`mgt`gtdg fjrrjhp`r d sus i`ftjr`s y adf`rijs fd`r `gì Idkj Jsfurj.35

[di v`z k`c`hjs dfidrdr, d nmg k` `vmtdr pjsmci`s fjgnusmjg`s, qu`ì usj mgkmstmgtj k` ijs tírhmgjs cmcimjt`fd y drfamvjs gj smlgmnmfd,`g dcsjiutj, qu` s`dg ij hmshj y qu` mgkukdci`h`gt` ìfjgf`ptj drfamvj di qu` s` r`nm`r` id cmcimjt`fdrmd, s` r`nm`r` d id

mgnjrhdfmög drfamvdkd, dihdf`gdkd fjhj hdt`rmd prmhd k` idcmcimjt`fd.

35 SJV-HDS[M, Hdrfjs. Kdra ^dk`r, ug ajijfrög y id cmcimjt`fd

O`km k` Fjrusfdgt R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/414/kdrta-vdk`r-ug-

ajijfrjg-y-id-cmcimjt`fd-o`km-k`-fjrusfdgt/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj3545)



43>

’Id lu`rrd k` ids ldidxmds‘

Ijs k`sdrrjiijs t`fgjiölmfjs `g ì hdgòj k` id mgnjrhdfmögdifdgzdg su häxmhd `xpr`smög `g ’DM? Mgtì m l`gfmd drtmnmfmdi‘,r`pr`s`gtdkjs `g id nmlurd kì Kr. Bgjw, dilj dsè fjhj KjftjrFjgjfmhm`gtj, ugd häqumgd fjgt`stdkjrd qu` prjy`ftdajijlrdhds vjiuhítrmfjs,34 y dyukd d ug pdr k` rjcjtsauhdgjmk`s d cusfdr ì s`fr`tj pdrd fjgv`rtmrs` `g auhdgjsr`di`s. @i Kr. Bgjw gj `s r`dih`gt` ugd cmcimjt`fd smgj ugdjrldgmzdfmög smst`hätmfd kì fjgjfmhm`gtj qu` pu`k` s`rfjgsuitdkd pjr ijs usudrmjs.

Gj pjkrèdhjs `guh`rdr tjkds ids pìèfuids qu` hu`strdg, `ghdyjr j h`gjr lrdkj `s` hugkj smi`gfmjsj, qu` `g id dftudimkdk`s fdkd v`z h`gjs smi`gt`, k` ids cmcimjt`fds. Mhpjsmci` pdsdr pjrditj ’@i i`ftjr‘ fjg su vmsmög tdg prjpmd k` id g`f`smkdk qu`

r`pr`s`gtdg id cmcimjt`fd `sfjidr, id ugmv`rsmtdrmd, id hjk`std p`rj`sp`fmdimzdkd cmcimjt`fd `g id jnmfmgd kì dcjldkj, id cmcimjt`fdfdrfìdrmd y id p`qu`ôd, imhpmd y jrk`gdkd fji`ffmög k` imcrjs ydukmjimcrjs `g id kmhmgutd fìkd k` id prmsmjg`rd `x gdzm.

34 SDMVA, Hdrtmg. Imcrdrmdgs mg ta` hjvm`s? Dg dggjtdt`k

nmihjlrdpay R`g img`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//`hp.cyum.`ku/SDMVAH/nmihs/mgtrjkuftmjg.athi (Fjgsuitd 43 Dcrmi k` 3545).

http://emp.byui.edu/RAISHM/films/introduction.html




43<

Fudgkj ì t`gm`gt` \miimdh Vjh`rs`t s` adstmö k`p`rhdg`f`r `g fdsd kurdgt` ugd gjfa` k` mgsjhgmj,

k`fmkmö dcdgkjgdrid fjlm`gkj ug tdxm. @g fudgtj`stuvj d cjrkj, pdusdkdh`gt` `gfjhmö di tdxmstdqu` s` diòds` k` id fmukdk tdgtj fjhj pukm`s`. K``std njrhd, ì k`t`ftmv` ii`lö adstd id cmcimjt`fd.K`c`rèdhjs p`rkjgdri` di kmr`ftjr qu` ì iuldr häsiòdgj k` ugd fmukdk nu`s` ugd cmcimjt`fd, ij qu` gjsdpjrtd hufad mgnjrhdfmög, pu`stj qu`, pdrd vmvmr `gug iuldr kjgk` sm`hpr` `stä iijvm`gkj, kì qu` susadcmtdgt`s, dsqu`dkjs, gugfd prjgugfmdg ì gjhcr`y s` r`nm`r`g d ìid fjhj dquè , j hdikmtd fmukdk . Vmg`hcdrlj, fjhj yd s` dpugtö `g Id cmcimjt`fd `g idgdrrdtmvd y ì fmg`, ì pdpì k` id cmcimjt`fd `g `stdpìèfuid `s ì k` `spdfmj fidv` k` cÿsqu`kd k` dilÿgkdtj qu` dyuk` d k`svìdr ug hmst`rmj j sjiufmjgdrug prjci`hd2 ì k`t`ftmv` `stukmd `g id cmcimjt`fdugjs imcrjs pdrd fjhpr`gk`r ì pdtrög qu` s`luèd ìds`smgj k` id pìèfuid ’Ijs sm`t` p`fdkjs fdpmtdi`s‘ .

Kmspjg`hjs k` kjs ì`h`gtjs cmcimjt`fdrmjsfrufmdi`s pdrd adf`r prjlr`sdr id trdhd. @i prmh`rjyd ij a`hjs r`vìdkj? id mgv`stmldfmög k` Vjh`rs`tk`gtrj k` id cmcimjt`fd, hm`gtrds qu` ì s`lugkjpdr`fèd p`rt`g`f`r d id pdrdgjmd gjrt`dh`rmfdgd, k`s`r mgv`stmldkjs y vmlmidkjs pjr ì Ljcm`rgj k` ijs@stdkjs Pgmkjs k` Dhírmfd.

U`rj fjh`gf`hjs pjr ì prmgfmpmj. \miimdh Vjh`rs`t`s ug pjimfèd di qu` i` r`stdg < kèds pdrd oucmidrs`,hm`gtrds qu` Kdvmk Hmiis `s ug k`t`ftmv` r`fmígii`ldkj d id fmukdk, fjg hufad dhcmfmög y pjfdpdfm`gfmd. @i prmh`rj `s r`ni`xmvj y fuitj2 ì s`lugkj`s ojv`g, mhpuismvj y gj hmk` ids fjgs`fu`gfmds k`sus dftjs.

Hm`gtrds ì ojv`g r`pdsd ugd y jtrd v`z ids pmstds kìjs frèh`g`s, ì vmòj dfuk` d id cmcimjt`fd pdrd`stukmdr ijs imcrjs `g ijs fudi`s pjkrèd adc`rs`



431

mgspmrdkj ì ds`smgj. Vjh`rs`t mglr`sd d id cmcimjt`fdpjr id gjfa`, fudgkj s` `gfu`gtrd f`rrdkd y ijs

vmlmidgt`s ou`ldg di pöqu`r, dftj qu` i`s r`pr`s`gtdugd dhjg`stdfmög pjrqu`, s`lÿg íi, rjk`dkjs k`tdgtjs sdc`r`s pr`nm`r`g ouldr d ids fdrtds.

Dsè pu`s, ì v`t`rdgj k`t`ftmv` fjhm`gzd sus `stukmjspds`ägkjs` pjr `gtr` ids `stdgt`rèds k` ugd cmcimjt`fd, smgcmcimjt`fdrmj, y, dpdr`gt`h`gt`, smg g`f`smkdk k` fjgsuitdrì fdtäijlj, `hpm`zd d sì`ffmjgdr imcrjs k` ids`stdgt`rèds. Cäsmfdh`gt`, `g id pìèfuid s` adf`r`n`r`gfmd d kjs t`xtjs? ijs Fu`gtjs k` Fdgt`rcury, k`L`jnnr`y Faduf`r, y id Kmvmgd fjh`kmd, k` Kdgt` Dimlam`rm.

Id mgnjrhdfmög r`fjpmidkd `g sus i`fturds gj nu` k` dyukdsunmfm`gt` pjr ij fudi k`c`g dfukmr d ijs s`rvmfmjs k` ijscmcimjt`fdrmjs, `g `st` fdsj `xf`pfmjgdi`s. @s `gtjgf`sfudgkj Vjh`rs`t fjgnmrhd di ojv`g Hmiis qu` ì NCMkmspjg` k` ug r`lmstrj k` imcrjs prjamcmkjs qu` pr`stdkjs

di`dtjrmdh`gt` gj suì`g dpjrtdr hdyjr`s prjci`hds,p`rj qu` sm s` `hpm`zd d sjimfmtdr imcrjs huy pröxmhjs`gtr` sè, `g njrhd k` pdtrög, ijs dl`gt`s n`k`rdi`sdfdcdräg mgv`stmldgkj d `sd p`rsjgd. D trdvís k` ugfjgtdftj, ì vmòj k`t`ftmv` fjhprd ugd imstd k` usudrmjs k`cmcimjt`fds qu` adg p`kmkj pr`stdkj dilugj k` ijs imcrjss`ôdidkjs `g ugd imstd dg`xd y, `std v`z sè, k`sfucr`g dids`smgj, ii`ldgkj adstd id pu`rtd k` su fdsd.33

33 SJV-HDS[ÈG, Hdrfjs. Ijs frèh`g`s k` Ijs sm`t` p`fdkjs

fdpmtdi`s y ugd cmcimjt`fd. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/363/ijs-frmh`g`s-k`-ijs-sm`t`-p`fdkjs-fdpmtdi`s-y-ugd-cmcimjt`fd/ (Fjgsuitd? 0 V`ptm`hcr`

3545)







43=

Mgtìml`gt` ` mgt`r`sdgt` ì s`ôjr k`t`ftmv`. U`rj di r`ni`xmjgdr gjspr`lugtdhjs? º] quí pdsd fjg ì k`r`faj d id mgnjrhdfmög: º] d

id i`fturd: º] ì k`c`r k` id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd k` dt`gk`r d tjkjssus usudrmjs smg kmsfrmhmgdfmög y sdtmsndf`r sus g`f`smkdk`smgnjrhdtmvds, fuiturdi`s j dfdkíhmfds: ºUu`k`g ijs ljcm`rgjsf`gsurdr gu`strjs mgt`r`s`s i`ftjr`s y ijs sjpjrt`s mgnjrhdtmvjs`g fudi`squm`rd k` sus njrhdtjs, cm`g s` trdt` k` dgtmlujs jdftudi`s: Gjs r`n`rmhjs d imcrjs `g pdpì, pdpmrj, p`rldhmgj, jkmsfjs k` df`tdtj, `g nmg, mgnjrhdfmög hdt`rmdi j kmlmtdi.

Tumzäs `g fm`rtjs fdsjs tjkj s`d pdrd cm`g k` id sjfm`kdk. U`rjºqumíg pu`k` ldrdgtmzdr qu` tjkjs ijs hm`hcrjs k` ug ljcm`rgj,j k` ugd mgstmtufmög pjimfmdi sjg ègt`lrjs, ítmfjs y cu`gjs: V`rèdfdötmfj vjiv`r d suh`rlmrgjs `g ì jsfurdgtmshj h`km`vdi y `g idmludih`gt` jsfurd amstjrmd k` ijs mgqumsmkjr`s.

[dhcmíg `s mhpjrtdgt` k`stdfdr id hdg`rd fjhj, `sp`fmdih`gt``g ì fmg` gjrt`dh`rmfdgj, `s l`g`rdimzdkd id utmimzdfmög k` ida`h`rjt`fd fjhj nu`gt` prmhdrmd k` mgnjrhdfmög rì`vdgt`

fudgkj s` trdtd k` r`sjiv`r ug frmh`g j ug hmst`rmj. Gjs pdr`f`gjrhdi y g`f`sdrmd id `sf`gd kì mgv`stmldkjr qu` cusfd `g ìi`ftjr k` hmfrjnmih`s ijs kmdrmjs j r`vmstds qu` mgnjrhdrjg df`rfdk` ug k`t`rhmgdkj `v`gtj, pdrd mgkdldr ijs hjtmvjs, jfuitjs j gj,kì hmshj. Udrd fmtdr ug ò`hpij, `g ’Cdojs mgstmgtjs‘ ug híkmfjpsmqumdtrd mgv`stmld `g id a`h`rjt`fd y k`sfucr` qu` ì pjimfèd dfdrlj k` ug fdsj pjr ds`smgdtjs `g s`rm`, `s ug ajhcr` fjrruptjmhpimfdkj `g vdrmjs frèh`g`s fjh`tmkjs `g jtrd fmukdk. Dsè idsfjsds, ì cm`g trmugnd sjcr` ì hdi y p`rhmt` njrodr ug hòjr

drluh`gtj pdrd qum`g`s kmsnrutdg k` id pìèfuid. U`rj, pdrdgu`strj `gt`gk`r, hu`strd id a`h`rjt`fd, pdrt` vmtdi k` tjkdcmcimjt`fd, fjhj ug `spdfmj ÿtmi y `nmfm`gt` `g kjgk` `xmst`mgnjrhdfmög väimkd pdrd ì íxmtj k` fudiqum`r trdcdoj.

@g nmg, ì prjn`sjr ugmv`rsmtdrmj ’Mgkmdgd Ojg`s `g ì r`mgj k` id

fdidv`rd k` frmstdi‘ mrruhp` `g hjtjfmfi`td k`simzägkjs`, di fd`r, dij idrlj k` id `gjrh` sdid k` i`fturd k` ugd cmcimjt`fd r`pi`td k`

`stukmdgt`s, y, di s`r mgt`rrjldkj pjr ugj k` ìijs df`rfd k` fm`rtjdutjr, r`spjgk`?-‐Vm qum`r`s s`r ug cu`g drqu`öijlj k`c`s sdimr k` id cmcimjt`fd„.



465

’Cmiiy @iimjt‘

Adcrä qu` k`nmgmr fidrdh`gt` ijs fjgf`ptjs k` t`jrèd y k`präftmfd, i`fturd y trdcdoj k` fdhpj. Id dv`gturd kì sdc`r y iddv`gturd k` dffmög. Fdkd fjsd `g su iuldr, fjhj ij hu`strd’Cmiiy @iimjt‘ fudgkj k`fmk`, pjr prdxms y sjcr` tjkj pjrg`f`smkdk, ii`vdrs` d su fdsd ì imcrj k` cdii`t qu` id cmcimjt`fdrmds` gm`ld d pr`stdri` y qu`, pjr supu`stj, gj pu`k` usdr k`hdg`rd präftmfd `g ì cmcimjcÿs gm `g gmglÿg jtrj iuldr pÿcimfj.



464

IJV CMCIMJ[@FDSMJV @G @I FMG@

Pgd furmjsd l`g`rdimzdfmög `g ì fmg` `s id mhdl`g tèhmkd, jsfurdy hmst`rmjsd kì cmcimjt`fdrmj. Fidrj qu`, pjr ì fjgtrdrmj, d

hufads p`rsjgds gj i`s pdr`f` furmjsd smgj tjtdih`gt` gjrhdi.@i a`rhdgj Hdidquèds k` ’ @i gjhcr` k` id rjsd‘, `s ug ajhcràjsfj qu` prjt`l` i` `gtrdkd d id cmcimjt`fd fjhj ug p`rrjludrkmäg y `s, jcvmdh`gt`, ì ds`smgj. Ij hmshj suf`k` `g’ Huo`r sjit`rd cusfd‘, fuyd dgtdljgmstd, A`krd Fdrmsjg, ugd`gn`rhd h`gtdi y ajhmfmkd k`spmdkdkd, trdcdod pr`fmsdh`gt`fjhj cmcimjt`fdrmd. Mludih`gt` sjg hufajs ijs ò`hpijs k`huo`r`s qu` k`s`hp`ôdg `st` jnmfmj kurdgt` ì kèd, p`rj qu` `g

id gjfa` k`skjcidg su p`rsjgdimkdk pdrd fjgv`rtmrs` `gk`smgamcmkds y drkm`gt`s k`vjrdkjrds k` ajhcr`s `g ug fdcdr`t j`g ug fiuc k` strmpt`ds`. @s ì fdsj k` Omii, id cmcimjt`fdrmd k`’Ou`rld k` sjit rjs‘, ugd ojv`g pìmrrjod v`stmkd fjg kmsfr`fmög,tèpmfd cmcimjt`fdrmd k` pìèfuid, fjg lrdgk`s dgt`jojs, tèhmkd,dsustdkmzd y dfdkíhmfdh`gt` cm`g pr`pdrdkd, k` qum`g Byi`, ìhuo`rm`lj mgfjrr`lmci`, fu`gtd d su dhmlj qu` `stä sdim`gkj fjgugd p`qu`ôd pìmrrjod ndgtästmfd y huy drkm`gt`, ij fudi s`fjgnmrhd fudgkj nmgdih`gt` id v`hjs fjg trdo` k` fu`rj g`lrj y

ug imcrj `g ids hdgjs, `g su rji k` huo`r kjhmgdgt` nr`gt` d Byi`,dtdkj d id fdc`f`rd k` id fdhd.



463

’Ou`rld k` sjit`rjs‘

’Ou`rld k` sjit`rjs‘

Gm smqum`rd ì fmg` rjoj ad mlgjrdkj id `xmst`gfmd k` idscmcimjt`fdrmds gm id g`f`smkdk k` mgfiumrids `g sus drluh`gtjs y`sf`gdrmjs. Ady ugd ’Cidgfd gm`v`s y ijs sm`t` `gdgmtjs‘ k` fjrt`dcsjiutdh`gt` pjrgjlränmfj y ugd ’Dimfmd `g ì pdès k` ids

hdrdvmiids‘ `g v`rsmög `rötmfd kì fu`gtj fiäsmfj, `g id qu` Dimfmd`s ugd vmrlmgdi cmcimjt`fdrmd, di`lr` y `xtrjv`rtmkd, qu` dftÿd y s`vmst` fjhj ugd huo`r h`gjr k` ij qu` r`dih`gt` `s. Dimfmdr`fadzd d \miimdh, ug pr`t`gkm`gt`, pjrqu` íi mgsmst` `g ugfjhpjrtdhm`gtj qu` ìid, huy hjomldtd, fjgsmk`rd mgdprjpmdkj yhm`gtrds su`ôd k`spm`rtd df`rfd k` föhj jrldgmzdr su vmkd, ugfjgòj cidgfj tjfd su ajhcrj y Dimfmd ij smlu` di Udès k` idshdrdvmiids, kjgk` dgmhdi`s y p`rsjgds id mgtrjkuf`g `g ìk`sfucrmhm`gtj k` su prjpmd mhdlmgdfmög y pidf`r. Nmgdih`gt`,k`spuís k` ugd dv`gturd s`xudi `g ì mhp`rmj k` id S`mgd k`



466

fjrdzjg`s, k`fmk` qu` `s` hugkj gj `s pdrd ìid y sm`gt`, smhpi`y `spjgtäg`dh`gt`, ug nu`rt` k`s`j pjr \miimdh.

Ady kjs v`rsmjg`s k` `std pìèfuid. Pgd `s k` fjrt` nu`rt`h`gt`pjrgjlränmfj (Adrk-fjr` Q-rdt`k) y id jtrd `s (S-rdt`k), r`strmglmkdpdrd h`gjr`s k` 4< dôjs, qu` r`qum`r`g id fjhpdôèd k` pdkr`s jtutjr dkuitj.

Kòdgkj d ug idkj ì `rjtmshj v`hjs jtrj cmcimjt`fdrmj, ’@i

ludrkmäg k` ids pdidcrds‘, fjg tjkj ì dsp`ftj k` s`r ug k`h`gt`,pu`s pr`smjgd y dsustd d ug gmôj trdtdgkj k` jcimldrij d r`fmcmr ìfdrg`t k` i`ftjr pdrd qu` ii`v` imcrjs `g prístdhj.

Kurdgt` hufaj tm`hpj, `g ì trdgsfursj k` id amstjrmdk` ijs pu`cijs, id r`pr`s`gtdfmög sjfmdi qu` tm`g`gijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs, ids cmcimjt`fds y ijs imcrjs k`gtrj kìd fuiturd k` ids hdsds, qu`kö rì`ldkd pjr ug`st`r`jtmpj surlmkj jcsfurdh`gt` d trdvís kìtm`hpj k`cmkj d `xp`rm`gfmds qu` surl`g k`sk`

tm`hpjs k` ijs hjgdst`rmjs.

V`lÿg Vdqumiäg36, pjk`hjs kmvmkmr idsr`pr`s`gtdfmjg`s sjfmdi`s kì cmcimjt`fdrmj `g tr`s`tdpds. Id prmh`rd qu` `stä smtudkd `g id dgtmlù`kdk`g kjgk` `gfjgtrdhjs ug lrupj prmvmi`lmdkj qu`tm`g` dff`sj d ijs hdt`rmdi`s, qum`g`s ijs fustjkmdg,fjgs`rvdg, dihdf`gdg, ijs fjpmdg y trdkuf`g,l`g`rdih`gt` `g hjgdst`rmjs, `g kjgk` ids

pr`s`gtdfmjg`s k` id cmcimjt`fd sjg smtmjs jcsfurjs,aÿh`kjs y fjg ug usj r`strmglmkj d cmcimjt`fdrmjs`rukmtjs y fuitjs, l`g`rdih`gt` hjgo`s j nrdmi`s. Vöij

36 VDTPMIÄG, ^`rögmfd Hdrèd. ‐@stukmj df`rfd k` ids

r`pr`s`gtdfmjg`s sjfmdi`s kì rji kì cmcimjt`fdrmj, `g usudrmjs kìd Cmcimjt`fd F`gtrdi k` id Pgmv`rsmkdk Gdfmjgdi k` Hdr k` Uidtd„.Hdr k` Uidtd? Pgmv`rsmkdk Gdfmjgdi k` Hdr k` Uidtd, 3550. p. 65.

Fmtdkj `g? _PSM[D FDSS@SD, Hdrtad Udtrmfmd. Ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs,ids cmcimjt`fds y ì imcrj `g ì síptmhj drt`. JU. FM[



46;

ìijs sdc`g ì vdijr k` id mgnjrhdfmög qu` s``gfu`gtrd r`lmstrdkd `g ijs imcrjs.

Id s`lugkd `tdpd s` r`nm`r` d id k`sdrrjiidkdk`spuís k` id mhpr`gtd k` Lut`gc`rl, `g id fudi ijsimcrjs fmrfuidg `g lrdgk`s fdgtmkdk`s, tjkjs tm`g`gdff`sj d ìijs y di fjgjfmhm`gtj qu` pu`k`g kdrgjs.Id mgkustrmd `kmtjrmdi s` k`sdrrjiid `gjrh`h`gt` dtrdvís k` kupimfdfmög pjr h`kmj k` id mhpr`gtd. Dquèì cmcimjt`fdrmj tm`g` ug hdtmz k` gj söij fjgs`rvdr yfustjkmdr, smgj k` jrldgmzdr fji`ffmjg`s y prjf`sdr idmgh`gsd fdgtmkdk k` mgnjrhdfmög qu` s` tm`g` `g idcmcimjt`fd.

A` dquè qu` t`gld id g`f`smkdk, ì cmcimjt`fdrmj, k`dkqumrmr k`str`zds gu`vds `g id fdtdijldfmög yfidsmnmfdfmög k` hdt`rmdi`s. @stj jfdsmjgd ugd ndf`tdk` fjgtrji curjfrätmfj qu` `g id mhdl`g sjfmdi kìcmcimjt`fdrmj mgkmfd ì kòdr k` s`r pdrt` k` ugd

`strufturd k` pjk`r, p`rkm`gkj pr`stmlmj.

] nmgdih`gt` id mhdl`g kì cmcimjt`fdrmj `g ìfjgt`xtj dftudi k` id `rd k` id mgnjrhdfmög, `g id fudiijs mgstruh`gtjs qu` p`rhmt`g r`fup`rdr idmgnjrhdfmög tm`g`g ndf`tds fjhpi`tdh`gt`mg`sp`rdkds, `g kjgk` id t`fgjijlèd ou`ld ug pdpìsuhdh`gt` mhpjrtdgt`, qu` ii`vd di usj k` ids[`fgjijlèds k` Mgnjrhdfmög y Fjhugmfdfmög

k`hdgkdgkj kì cmcimjt`fdrmj qu` gj söij fjgs`rvìd mgnjrhdfmög, smgj qu` id prjkuzfd2 qu` id jrldgmf`p`rj pdrd kmnugkmrid nmitrdkd y dgdimzdkd.

Ids fdrdft`rèstmfds k` id mhdl`g dgf`strdi k` idscmcimjt`fds sjg mk`d k` `spdfmj nèsmfj f`rrdkj, ug`spdfmj sdfrdimzdkj, ug t`hpij kì sdc`r, ug `spdfmjdiòdkj k` id vmkd, kì hugkdgdi rumkj, sèhcjij k` id

fuiturd, ug iuldr k` fjgs`rvdfmög. ^`hjs r`niòdkj`stj `g ijs h`kmjs k` fjhugmfdfmög, id imt`rdturd y ìfmg`? ug iuldr smi`gfmjsj, smtmj k` `stukmj, s`



460

rìdfmjgdg `g l`g`rdi di imcrj mhpr`sj y fjg ì dftjk` i``r imt`rdturd s`rmd, fjgf`gtrdkd, fjg nmg`s fjhj

ì pr`pdrdr kmsfursjs, jpjsmfmjg`s, ug sèhcjijmg`quèvjfj k` jrk`g tdgtj k` id cmcimjt`fd fjhj kìcmcimjt`fdrmj `g su p`rsjgd adstd id hdgèd.

D ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs s` i`s kd ug `st`r`jtmpj qu` vdk` ugd p`rsjgd dgfmdgd, fdivd j k` Hjôj, dsjfmdkjfjg id k`fr`pmtuk y nditd k` cìi`zd, ids p`sdkds yajrrmci`s ldnds qu` gj nditdg gm `g ijs oöv`g`s gm `gijs vmòjs kdgkj ugd fdrdft`rèstmfd k` p`rsjgd`gf`rrdkd, vmstd qu`hdkd j fjrtd, hdiauhjrdkjs jmgtji`rdgt`s, qu` s` utmimzd fjhj ug smgögmhj k` ids`rm`kdk j k` ugd p`rsjgd fjhpi`tdh`gt`mgtrjv`rtmkd. U`rj… pjk`hjs h`gfmjgdr qu` idsfdrdft`rèstmfds k` ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs tm`g`g ugdvdrmdfmög cdstdgt` gjtdci` `g pìèfuids k` adf` 35 ö65 dôjs d ids häs r`fm`gt`s.3;

@i híkmfj Ojgdtadg Adrb`r r`spjgk` ug dvmsj pjr ì fudi s`sjimfmtd ug cmcimjt`fdrmj pdrd jrldgmzdr id cmcimjt`fd kì fdstmiij kìFjgk` Kräfuid. Adrb`r `s id vèvmkd mhdl`g kì ajhcr` `kufdkj,k` cu`gjs hjkdi`s y cm`g v`stmr, dhdgt` k` id trdgqumimkdk qu`pu`k` crmgkdr ug fdstmiij dpdrtdkj kì cuiimfmjsj do`tr`j k` idfmukdk y sm`hpr` `stä kmspu`stj d sdivdr d ugd huo`r `g dpurjsdgt` ì ’Ajrrjr k` Kräfuid‘.

Dÿg ajy r`suitd näfmi supidgtdr d ug cmcimjt`fdrmj. Vmg mhpjrtdr id

i`lmsidfmög di r`sp`ftj, fudiqum`r p`rsjgd pu`k` dff`k`r d idKmr`ffmög k` ugd cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd j prmvdkd. Híkmfjs, fjhj `g`std pìèfuid, p`rmjkmstds, mgl`gm`rjs, dkhmgmstrdkjr`s k``hpr`sds, j smhpi`h`gt` s`fr`tdrmds j dihdf`gmstds. Gj adf`

3; _PSM[D FDSS@SD, Hdrtad Udtrmfmd. Ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs, ids

cmcimjt`fds y ì imcrj `g ì síptmhj drt`. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//`kuh`k.mhss.ljc.hx/`kuh`k/`v`gtjs/;fjgv3/Hjrìjs3551

/US@V@G[DFMJG@V/[-@[email protected] (Fjgsuitd 0V`ptm`hcr` k` 3545).

http://edumed.imss.gob.mx/edumed/eventos/4conv2/Morelos2008/PRESENTACIONES/T-ESPECIAL-Loslibros.pdf






46>

nditd h`gfmjgdr ò`hpijs. Di h`gjs `g Fjijhcmd, tjkjs sdc`hjsqu` häs k` ugj, j ugd, dspmrd d s`r kmr`ftjr j kmr`ftjrd k` id

cmcimjt`fd k` su pr`n`r`gfmd, dÿg `g mgstmtufmjg`s `kufdtmvds k`gmvì sup`rmjr. Gm quí k`fmr k` ids cmcimjt`fds pÿcimfds. ] gjr`qum`r` `stukmjs `sp`fènmfjs, gm smqum`rd ug tètuij qu` dfr`kmt` supr`pdrdfmög dfdkíhmfd `g Cmcimjt`fjijlèd, Cmcimjt`fjgjhèd jFm`gfmds k` id Mgnjrhdfmög. Ids i`y`s sjg ij k` h`gjs.

Mgfiusmv` ijs sjikdkjs ugmv`rsdi`s fjhj O`t Im, ì nulmtmvj k`s`rtjrk` ’Id häsfdrd g`lrd‘, trdgsnjrhdkjs `g gj s` sdc` sm dgkrjmk`sj rjcjtjmk`s h`kmdgt` id mgs`rfmög k` dkmtdh`gtjs ì`ftrögmfjs`g ì f`r`crj, fdr`gt`s k` rdfmjfmgmj y k` mgstmgtj y d qum`g`shu`v` ÿgmfdh`gt` ì mhpuisj k` ds`smgdr, fjgsmlu` `hpi`j,pdrdköomfdh`gt`, `g ugd cmcimjt`fd.

Jfuitj trds su gu`vd p`rsjgdimkdk fjhj ug oumfmjsj ajhcr` kìmcrjs, `xpimfd qu` íst` `s oustj ì trdcdoj h`gjs pdr`fmkj d supdsdkj vmji`gtj. Vöij qu` tdg krästmfd h`tdhjrnjsms dfdrr`dfm`rtds fjgs`fu`gfmds2 sm `vmtd ijs prjci`hds, `squmvd ids

kmv`rsmjg`s y id vmkd sjfmdi, dgt` ijs jojs k` ijs k`häs tm`g` qu`s`r ajhjs`xudi ¡Jcvmj!

Dugqu` `g pdrt` hjk`rgj y häs auhdgj, Fa`gl Famgl, ìcmcimjt`fdrmj qu` vmdod `g ’@i tr`g k` _aju ]u‘ j ’@i tr`g d id

pj`sèd‘, cdmid pjr ijs pdsmiijs `gtr` ids `stdgt`rèds k` id cmcimjt`fd,i`vdgtd pdqu`t`s k` imcrjs d hdg`rd k` p`sds pdrd ò`rfmtdrs`,`sfrmc` pj`sèd y adf` ì dhjr dpdsmjgdkdh`gt`, auy` fjgkrdhätmfd tmhmk`z dgt` id a`rhjsd _aju ]u iu`lj k` `gtr`ldri`

ug pj`hd y, nmgdih`gt`, s` hu`strd fjhj ug s`r mgs`gsmci`,fdpdz k` dcdgkjgdr d id huo`r qu` i` ad `gtr`ldkj su n` y sudhjr k`smgt`r`sdkjs, pdrd mrs` huy iòjs `g pjs k` ug trdcdojqu` i` p`rhmtm`rd `stdr sjij, `sfrmcmr y i``r smg kmstrdffmjg`s.

Id vmkd k` Nìmfm`, ugd hufadfad nrdgf`sd, s` k`sdrrjiid fjhj ugv`rkdk`rj ’Fu`gtj k` mgvm`rgj‘. Id mg`stdcmimkdk k` suss`gtmhm`gtjs iufad `gtr` tr`s dhjr`s? ì fjfmg`rj gjrt`dh`rmfdgj

Fadri`s, pdkr` k` su amod @ims`, k` fmgfj dôjs, ì pìuqu`rjnrdgfís Hdx`gf`, `g fuyj gu`vj dpdrtdh`gtj ady ugd `stdgt`rèd



46<

k` hdk`rd qu` fucr` id pdr`k y `stä fjhpi`tdh`gt` vdfèd,hjtmvj pdrd qu` Nìmfm` kmo`rd dhdci`h`gt` curijgd?

-‐Odhäs ijlrdräs ii`gdr tjkj `sj fjg imcrjs„ -‐Ujgkr`hjs dkjrgjs„

Di ii`ldr d `std `sf`gd s` sm`gt` ug vdfèj r`fjrr`r gu`strj drfamvjk` mhäl`g`s h`gtdi`s k` ij qu` `s ugd `stdgt`rèd fudgkjfuhpi` fjg ids nugfmjg`s pdrd ids qu` nu` fr`dkd. Vmg h`gfmjgdrid trmst`zd pjr id v`rkdk k` id s`gfmii`z qu` r`pr`s`gtd fdhcmdrimcrjs pjr… dkjrgjs.

] Ijmf, ojv`g y cm`g pdr`fmkj, cmcimjt`fdrmj prjn`smjgdi, tdhcmígnrdgfís, qu` trdcdod `g id Cmcimjta`qu` Hugmfmpdi` y tm`g` `g sufdsd ugd lrdg fji`ffmög k` imcrjs jrk`gdkjs sjcr` dilugjshu`ci`s y dgdquì`s k` cmcimjt`fd smtudkjs `g id sdid-`stukmj,dugqu` ijs häs iidhdtmvjs sjg, k`nmgmtmvdh`gt`, ijs qu` adfjijfdkj sjcr` id cidgfd famh`g`d.

Id cmcimjt`fd qu`kd `g ugd fdii` sjimtdrmd, k` `kmnmfmjs `g idkrmiij di

k`sfucm`rtj. @g ijs hurjs mgt`rgjs s` jcs`rvd ijs tèpmfjs pjst`rsk` prjhjfmög d id i`fturd y k` `v`gtjs nuturjs j pdsdkjs. Idjnmfmgd k` Ijmf `stä ii`gd k` imcrjs `g `stdgt`s, qu` kdg idmhpr`smög k` s`r a`rrdhm`gtds cmcimjt`fdrmds pdrd trdcdojs k`fidsmnmfdfmög y fjgsuitd k` r`n`r`gfmd. @g gmglÿg hjh`gtjprjkuf`g id hmshd s`gsdfmög k` jrk`g y puifrmtuk qu` ijs k` sudpdrtdh`gtj.

Ijmf `s ug ajhcr` `kufdkj, i`ftjr fjgsuhdkj y fjgjf`kjr k`

jcrds y k` dutjr`s, fdpdz k` `xpr`sdr sus mk`ds fjg fidrmkdk y oumfmj dgdiètmfj. U`rj, s`lÿg `xpr`sd Nìmfm` d su hdkr`, tm`g`lrdv`s k`n`ftjs?-‐Gj `s ì tmpj k` ajhcr` qu` h` lustd. @s k`hdsmdkjmgtì`ftudi2 `s k`hdsmdkj kuif` pdrd vmvmr fjg íi„.

] s` oustmnmfd dgt` Ijmf?-‐Udrd tm söij `s v`rkdk ij qu` `stä `sfrmtj. H` ads `gs`ôdkj

hufads fjsds y dajrd h` sm`gtj h`gjs mgfuitd. U`rj gj qum`rjs`r fuitd. Vöij qum`rj s`r yj hmshd„.



461

ºTumíg pu`k` fjhpr`gk`r d id gdturdi`zd auhdgd:

@i prjtjtmpj k` ijs `st`r`jtmpjs `s smg kukd dilugd idhuo`r qu` ì äglì fustjkmj hu`strd di prjtdljgmstdL`jrl` (Odh`s Vt`wdrt) `g Id vmkd `s hdrdvmiijsd (Mt”sd \jgk`rnui Imn`) k` Nrdgb Fdprd (4=;>) fudgkj, pdrdkmsudkmrij kì mghmg`gt` sumfmkmj, i` `gs`ôd föhj adcrèdsmkj su pdès sm íi gj aucm`rd gdfmkj. Dsè, `gtr` ids fjsdsg`ldtmvds, i` hu`strd d su `spjsd trdgsnjrhdkd `g ugddgfmdgd cmcimjt`fdrmd v`stmkd hjk`stdh`gt`, mgnìmz, n`d,dpdldkd, fjg dgt`jojs, hm`gtrds sdi` k` id cmcimjt`fd kÙjtt`rsvmii` fjg dilugjs imcrjs cdoj ì crdzj, `g ugdcruhjsd gjfa` jtjôdi y vd d s`gtdrs`, sjid, `g ugdcdgfd k` ijs odrkmg`s pÿcimfjs. Pgd huo`r qu` `s ìjpu`stj d id smhpätmfd y di`lr` `spjsd y hdkr` k`ndhmimd qu` `s su `spjsd r`di. @s prjcdci` qu`, pjr ìlrdg íxmtj jct`gmkj pjr `st` nmih`, s` adyd kdkj fu`rpjdi `st`r`jtmpj k` cmcimjt`fdrmd sjit`rjgd qu` ì fmg` gjpu`k` qumtdrs` k` `gfmhd.

Udrd ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs ajhcr`s, ids mhäl`g`s qu` s`jnr`f`g sjg qumzäs h`gjs `kmnmfdgt`s `g su `st`r`jtmpj.@gtr` ìijs, ì 35% sjg ds`smgjs, k`svmdkjs s`xudi`s,k`prmhmkjs y difjaöimfjs. K` tjkjs hjkjs `smgt`r`sdgt` gjtdr qu` `std tmpjijlèd k` cmcimjt`fdrmjs gjp`rt`g`f` d id fmg`hdtjlrdnèd `stdkjugmk`gs`, `g fuydtrdkmfmög sm`hpr` `stä pr`s`gt` id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd, quàd smlgmnmfdkj ì `spèrmtu idmfj k` id cmcimjt`fd fjhj

s`rvmfmj cäsmfj, qu` p`rt`g`f` d ids fjsds k` id vmkdfjtmkmdgd. @g @urjpd, `g fdhcmj, id cmcimjt`fd tm`g` susrdèf`s `g ijs fjgv`gtjs y `g ids fjrt`s k` ijs prègfmp`skì r`gdfmhm`gtj. Cmcimjt`fds prjt`lmkds, `g `s``gtjgf`s pjr id mli`smd y pjr ì sjc`rdgj. Vöij `g ìsmlij QMQ id cmcimjt`fd s` pr`s`gtd `g @urjpd fjhjpÿcimfd y dutögjhd, p`rj tjkdvèd gj pu`k` sdimr pjrfjhpi`tj k` id dftmtuk h`gtdi k` ug s`rvmfmj imldkj -y k`

dilugd hdg`rd sjh`tmkj- di pjk`r. Dsè ì cmcimjt`fdrmj`g id fjgsmk`rdfmög fjhÿg dÿg gj ad dkqumrmkj ug p`sj`sp`fènmfj `g id sjfm`kdk kì vmòj fjgtmg`gt`, di



46=

fjgtrdrmj k` ij qu` suf`k` `g @stdkjs Pgmkjs, kjgk`s`r cmcimjt`fdrmj `s ug trdcdoj smhmidr d hufajs jtrjs.

[jkj `stj gj s` `sfdpd kì fmg` qu` hu`strd, `g idspìèfuids ùrjp`ds, smtudfmjg`s dcsjiutdh`gtàjrrmpmidgt`s imldkds d id nmlurd kì cmcimjt`fdrmj.S`fjrk`hjs ids qu` s` dhcm`gtdg dir`k`kjr kìp`rsjgdo` k` Síhy Fdiimjs, `g ì nmih` nrdgfís Ijs rèjsk` fjijr pÿrpurd (I`s rmvmír`s pjurpr`s) k` HdtamùBdssjvmtz (3555). @g `st` nmih s` `gfdrgd ugcmcimjt`fdrmj qu` trdgsnjrhd id cmcimjt`fd k` idugmv`rsmkdk k` ug pdès dipmgj `g ug idcjrdtjrmj k`l`gítmfd, dsmlgdgkj d ijs `stukmdgt`s ijs pu`stjs kì`fturd k` hdg`rd qu` s` fjgjzfdg y k`spuís s`fds`g. Dgt`rmjrh`gt` su pdkr`, tdhcmíg cmcimjt`fdrmj,adcèd mgmfmdkj `std dftmvmkdk k` hòjrdhm`gtj k` id rdzdpdrtmfmpdgkj `g ug prjy`ftj s`fr`tj qu` mgkufèd ijsfdhcmjs, `g id sdid k` pdrtj kì ajspmtdi,mgt`rfdhcmdgkj g`jgdtjs k` hjgtdô`rjs (nu`rt`s) fjg

ijs k` prjn`sjr`s (kícmi`s). @g ì nmih`, Síhy dpdr`f`hu`rtj, k`sgukj, tjrturdkj, `xt`gkmkj sjcr` id h`sd kìmgstmtutj k` h`kmfmgd i`ldi.

@g jtrj nmih` nrdgfís, Vu ÿitmhd gjfa` (Iùr k`rgmár`gumt) k` L`jrl` Idfjhc` (4=06) ì kmr`ftjr k` ugdcmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd k` Udrès, mgt`rpr`tdkj pjr O`dg Ldcmg,ajhcr` `stmhdkj k` kèd, k` gjfa` s` trdgsnjrhd `g ì

o`n` k` ugd cdgkd k` frmhmgdi`s. @gtr` ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs

mgli`s`s `gfjgtrdhjs ug `spèd y ug ds`smgj, ì prmh`rjmgt`rpr`tdkj pjr Smfadrk Curtjg `g @i `spèd qu` vmgj kìnrmj ([a` Vpy \aj Fdh` mg nrjh ta` Fjik) k` Hdrtmg Smtt(4=>0) y i jtrj, `s ug cmcimjt`fdrmj ds`smgj, sjimtdrmj ykmsfdpdfmtdkj qu` `g ì nmih` Amstjrmd kì Fjrdzög ([a`[ìi -[di` A`drt) k` @rg`st Hjrrms (4=>5), `gdhjrdkjk` id cìid v`fmgd kì nr`gt` qu` dhd d su dhmlj, ijhdtd y ij `gtm`rrd `g ì odrkèg. @gtr` ijs kdg`s`s

`gfjgtrdhjs ug cmcimjt`fdrmj difjaöimfj `g ì nmih`Njrcrykìs`g ì`h`gt k` Idrs ^jg [rd`r (4=1;),hm`gtrds `gtr` ijs mtdij-nrdgf`s`s, s` `gfu`gtrd ì



4;5

ndhjsj vmòj nrdmi` Ojrl` k` Curljs, p`rsjgdo` gdfmkjk` id ndgtdsmd k` Auhc`rtj @fj, qu` `g @i gjhcr` k` id

Sjsd (Mi gjh` kìid rjsd) k` O`dg-Odfqu`s Dggduk(4=1>) hdtd d sus fjhpdô`rjs pdrd qu` gj r`vì`g ìfjgt`gmkj k` ug t`xtj qu` pjkrèd dn`ftdr id n` frmstmdgd yk`spuís kd nu`lj d id cmcimjt`fd kì fjgv`gtjc`g`kmftmgj.30

’Hmrdgkd‘ `s ugd huo`r hmst`rmjsd y dpdr`gt`h`gt`pìmlrjsd, k` id qu` fd` fjhpi`tdh`gt` `gdhjrdkj ìprjtdljgmstd, ug dpjfdkj cmcimjt`fdrmj, hm`gtrdsfjgt`hpid d trdvís k` id frmstdi`rd k` su cmcimjt`fd föhjìid kìmfdkdh`gt` s` sdfd ug hjfj k` id gdrmz. ] fjhjsm k` ugd huô`fd Cdrcm` s` trdtds`, dpdr`f` fjg tjkd idvdrm`kdk k` p`mgdkjs pjsmci`s, fjg ijs häs sjnmstmfdkjsv`stmkjs, nuhdgkj k` ids hdg`rds häs drrjldgt`s y`sfupm`gkj nrds`s k` ij häs s`gsudi`s y prjvjfdtmvds.@gdhjrd y fdutmvd d fudiqum`r ajhcr` qu` s` fruzd `gsu fdhmgj. @s Hmrdgkd, ugd s`fr`tdrmd fjg kmn`r`gt`s

mk`gtmkdk`s? `gmlhätmfd, hdgmpuidkjrd ` mgtìml`gt`, qu`dpdr`f` `g id sjimtdrmd vmkd k` Nrdgb, ug cmcimjt`fdrmjrjhägtmfj y dgsmjsj pjr k`sfucrmr ì v`rkdk`rj dhjr.Nrdgb s` `gdhjrd k`sk` ì prmh`r hjh`gtj y fudgkjìid k`sdpdr`f` r`p`gtmgdh`gt`, íi vmdod d Ijgkr`s `gsu cÿsqu`kd, pdrd `gfjgtrdrs` fjg id sjrpr`sd k` qu`su dkjrdkd Hmrdgkd tm`g` tr`s mk`gtmkdk`s? cdmidrmgd,kjhmgdtrmz y `stdndkjrd.3>

@i psmqumdtrd y dgtrjpöndlj Adggmcdi I`ft`r `sfdpd k`su `gfm`rrj pdrd frmhmgdi`s k`h`gt`s `g Cditmhjr` y s``stdci`f` `g Nijr`gfmd, Mtdimd, kjgk` pdrd jfuitdrs` k`

30 K'DI@VVDGKSJ, Kdrèj.Jp. fmt. Uälmgd w`c.

3> HDS[ÈG@_, Oudg C`mrj. Hmrdgkd k` Hdrf Hugk`g R`g ièg`dX

Kmspjgmci` `g? attp?//www.idcutdfd.g`t/nmihs/31/hmrdgkd4.ath(Fjgsuitd? 4> Dcrmi k` 3545)

http://www.labutaca.net/redaccion/juanbeiromartinez.htm


http://www.labutaca.net/films/28/miranda1.htm





4;4

ids dutjrmkdk`s s` fjgvm`rt` `g cmcimjt`fdrmj k` idNugkdfmög Fdppjgm. Ad fdhcmdkj su mk`gtmkdk pjr id kì

cmcimjt`fdrmj mgt`rmgj. @i cmcimjt`fdrmj jnmfmdi, ì s`ôjrCjgdv`gturd, k`sdpdr`f` hmst`rmjsdh`gt` y ì fjgsòjk` id Nugkdfmög s` r`ÿg` pdrd fjgsmk`rdr ijs pjsmci`sfdgkmkdtjs, dk`häs k` k`fmkmr föhj s` vd d prjf`k`rpdrd dsmlgdr ug gu`vj cmcimjt`fdrmj dgt` id idrldk`sdpdrmfmög kì tmtuidr.

@s ug ajhcr` r`nmgdkj qu` k`hu`strd ugd lrdg fuiturd,sjcr` tjkj `g ij tjfdgt` d ij mtdimdgj y d Kdgt` Dimlam`rm,dugqu` gj `g fjgjfmhm`gtjs `sp`fènmfjs rìdfmjgdkjsfjg id Cmcimjt`fjijlèd. U`rj id `xpjsmfmög kì frmhmgdi `shuy cm`g dfjlmkd pjr ijs hm`hcrjs k` id Nugkdfmögds`lurägkji` ì pu`stj.

K` id cmcimjt`fd gjcmimdrmd s` gjs hu`strd pjfj. Udr`fùgd vmvm`gkd gjrhdi, gm smqum`rd ug pdidfmj, `sj sè fjgug pmdgj, custjs y `sfuiturds k` ij fudi ì cmcimjt`fdrmj

`s ì fjgs`rvdkjr. Dp`gds s` kòd v`r ids `stdgt`rèds yI`ft`r s` pds`d `g pmodhd pjr id cmcimjt`fd. @g fudgtj dids `sfdsds p`rt`g`gfmds kì dgt`rmjr cmcimjt`fdrmj,fdc`g `g ug pdr k` hdi`tds.3<

Id v`rkdk s`d kmfad, tdhpjfj ady k`r`faj pdrd `xdl`rdrkmfm`gkj qu` tjkjs ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs k` ids pìèfuids sjg n`js,hdijs j `gn`rhjs.

[di fjhj `g ids dv`gturds dgt`rmjr`s, Cdstmdg fjgtmgÿdh`tmígkjs` `g prjci`hds fjg ijs hufadfajs hdijs k` id`sfuìd. Vu vmkd `s ugd ’Amstjrmd smg nmg 6‘, p`rj yd `sdkji`sf`gt` y, pjr supu`stj, ijs hdijs tdhcmíg adg fr`fmkj y sjghäs hdijs.

3< SJV-HDS[MG, Hdrfjs. K` Adggmcdi ì fdgècdi d Adggmcdi ì

cmcimjt`fdrmj R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/30</k`-adggmcdi-ì-fdgmcdi-d-adggmcdi-ì-cmcimjt`fdrmj/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj 3545)



4;3

@g id gu`vd `sfuìd, `std v`z auy`gkj k` Ijs c`stmds, id pdgkmiidqu` dt`rrjrmzd d famfjs y lrdgk`s, tdgtj gmôjs fjhj gmôds, cusfd

r`nulmj `g id cmcimjt`fd2 lrdgk`, cm`g surtmkd y jrk`gdkd. @g `stdjfdsmög, su sdivdfmög gj nu` id imcr`rèd k` id `squmgd fjhj fudgkj`rd häs p`qu`ôj smgj id cmcimjt`fd, p`rj… dilum`g adcid `g vjzditd y ug ajhcr` surl` k`sk` dträs k` ids `stdgt`rèds. ¡Vjrpr`sd!@i cmcimjt`fdrmj `s, dugqu` häs vmòj, ì hmshj s`ôjr Bjr`dgk`r,pdrtèfmp` j fdusdgt` k` sus kjs dgt`rmjr`s dv`gturds.

Iu`lj k` r`fjgjf`rs` hutudh`gt`, ì gmôj k`sfucr` `hjfmjgdkjqu` su vmòj dhmlj s` `gfu`gtrd diiè fjg tjkjs ijs imcrjs qu` dgt`sfjgnjrhdcdg id imcr`rèd, `gtr` ìijs… ‐Id amstjrmd smg nmg„, ì imcrjhälmfj `g ì qu` mglr`sö dôjs dträs. U`rj ì cmcimjt`fdrmj `xpimfd?-‐¡D pdrtmr k` dajrd `s ug imcrj k` r`n`r`gfmd y gj k`c` sdimr k` idcmcimjt`fd cdoj gmglugd fmrfugstdgfmd!„

[dhcmíg Ijs c`stmds fjhpr`gk`g qu` hm`gtrds pjs`dg ì imcrj,tjkj ij qu` adldg `g id cmcimjt`fd suf`k`rä mludih`gt` `gNdgtdsèd y fjhm`gzdg id s`hm-k`struffmög k` id hmshd, hm`gtrds

id `hp`rdtrmz `gtr`ld d Cdstmdg, fjhj ug prístdhj `sp`fmdi, ìpjk`rjsj Jrdg, su h`kdiiög hälmfj, d nmg k` qu` ì gmôj pu`kdr`lr`sdr di hugkj auhdgj y r`sfdtdr ì ‐Lrdg imcrj„ qu` s``gfu`gtrd `g pjk`r k` Ijs c`stmds?-‐Ptmimzdräs ì pjk`r kì Jrdg pdrd pjg`r ì imcrj d sd ivj `g hdgjskì cmcimjt`fdrmj„.

ºTumíg häs mkög`j pdrd prjt`l`r, pr`s`rvdr, dkhmgmstrdr ykms`hmgdr id mgnjrhdfmög fjgt`gmkd y ì mludih`gt` rmfj t`sjrj k`

su fjgtmg`gt`, ì imcrj:

] di nmgdi, Hr. Bjr`dgk`r, ì imcr`rj fjgv`rtmkj `g cmcimjt`fdrmj`sfjidr, fjg qum`g ì hälmfj imcrj `stdrä sm`hpr` d sdivj, s`pr`s`gtd pdrd r`fidhdr ì vjiuh`g hmst`rmjsj, fjg su tèpmfdsjgrmsd k` pmfdrkèd y fjhpimfmkdk.

@i prjtdljgmstd k` ’@i fdrgdvdi k` ids tmgm`cids‘ `s ug

vmòj cmcimjt`fdrmj qu` vmv` k` id i`fturd y k` ijssu`ôjs k` ijs k`häs, adstd ugd gjfa` k` tjrh`gtdfudgkj ii`ld ugd t`g`crjsd n`rmd qu` fuhpi` ijs



4;6

su`ôjs k` sus adcmtdgt`s d fjstd k` sus vmkds. @iamoj kì cmcimjt`fdrmj k`sfucr` ì s`fr`tj k` ijs

n`rmdgt`s y s` k`s`gfdk`gd ugd p`rs`fufmög qu` ijii`vd ougtj fjg su pdkr` y jtrjs gmôjs d r`nulmdrs` `gid cmcimjt`fd. Diiè, ì cmcimjt`fdrmj `gnr`gtd d ijs hdijsy fjgsmlu` sdivdr d ijs adcmtdgt`s kì pu`cij k` ugmghmg`gt` y trälmfj nmg.

@i cmcimjt`fdrmj s` hu`strd fjhj ug ajhcr` cm`gv`stmkj, fjg ijs crdzjs fdrldkjs k` imcrjs. Fjijfdugj `g ì `stdgt` y r`fjhm`gkd dilugjs k` dv`gturdsd ijs gmôjs, ` mgfiusmv` adf` trdcdoj k` r`n`r`gfmdcusfdgkj mgnjrhdfmög df`rfd k` ^mdo`rjs. Ujr fm`rtj,id cmcimjt`fd `s `stup`gkd y id fdiidkd dftmvmkdk kìjs gmôjs `g ijs fjrrmiijs nu`rd k` fids` `s hufajhäs `spìuzgdgt` qu` ids `sf`gds gjrhdi`s k`p`rs`fufmög nr`gítmfd k` jtrds pìèfuids. U`rj adyugd `sf`gd kjijrjsd prjtdljgmzdkd pjr ì hmst`rmjsjHr. Kdrb, ku`ôj k` id n`rmd, fudgkj rdsld, ugd d ugd,

ids ajods k` ug dgtmluj imcrj k` id cmcimjt`fd.31

Dimfmd Auii3= `s id cmcimjt`fdrmd kì p`qu`ôj pu`cij k` B`gpjrt, `gG`w @glidgk? vmukd, fdcìij r`fjlmkj `g hjôj y ug tdgtjr`fdrldkj. K`kmfö 30 dôjs pdrd fjgstrumr id cmcimjt`fd qu` ug kèdii`ldrèd d fjgv`rtmrs` `g ’@i f`gtrj k` id tjrh`gtd‘, mgmfmdkd `g ugp`qu`ôj fudrtj k`träs k` ug cdr y trdgsnjrhdkd `g ug a`rhjsj`kmnmfmj fucm`rtj fjg am`krd. Tum`r` dlr`ldr di `kmnmfmj ug did pdrdgmôjs y ì Fjgfòj kì pu`cij `stä kmspu`stj d dprjcdr ì

prjy`ftj, pjr ugdgmhmkdk y smg mr d k`cdt`, fjg ugd fjgkmfmög?Tu` r`tmr` k` ids fji`ffmjg`s k` id cmcimjt`fd ug imcrj tmtuidkj ‐@isu`ôj fjhugmstd„, pjr ì qu` vdrmjs fmukdkdgjs adg pu`stjk`gugfmds di r`sp`ftj. Dimfmd `stä k` dfu`rkj `g qu` ì imcrjpjkrèd fjgsmk`rdrs` prjpdldgkd pjiètmfd, gj jcstdgt` r`fjhm`gkd

31 SDMVA, Hdrtmg. Jp. fmt. pälmgd w`c.

3= Mcmk.



4;;

s` p`rhmtd su dff`sj di pÿcimfj qu` ii`ldrd d sjimfmtdrij. U`rj s`ràÿsd d r`tmrdrij k` id `stdgt`rèd y `s k`sp`kmkd. [dhcmíg

jfurr`g jtrjs `v`gtjs qu` d id pjstr` fjgkuf`g d id trdl`kmd, gjsjidh`gt` pdrd dilugjs mgkmvmkujs smgj pdrd ì pu`cij fjhj ugtjkj.

@std huo`r jnr`f` ugd nu`rt` y pjsmtmvd mhdl`g kì cmcimjt`fdrmj.Fjgjf` sus fji`ffmjg`s, prjpjrfmjgd dt`gfmög p`rsjgdi d sususudrmjs, `s dhdci` y fjidcjrdkjrd fjg ijs gmôjs, `sp`fmdih`gt`fjg Nr`kkm`, ug gmôj k` km`z dôjs qu` dhd i``r, y gj tm`g` hm`kjk` dquìijs qu` id tmikdg k` fjhugmstd. ] tdhcmíg `s auhdgd?`xfiumkd k` id fjhugmkdk qu` id kòd sjid y k`shjrdimzdkd, gmsmqum`rd `s mgvmtdkd, adstd ÿitmhd ajrd, d id f`r`hjgmd k`mgdulurdfmög kì gu`vj cijqu` pdrd `xpdgsmög k` id cmcimjt`fd.

@i fdjs s` prjkuf` fudgkj su dhmlj Nr`kkm`, dn`ftdkj pjr ijssuf`sjs y k`smgnjrhdkj d su t`hprdgd `kdk, s` gm`ld `g idf`r`hjgmd d fjidcjrdr fjg Dimfmd y `g ugd amstírmfd `xpijsmög i`lrmtd r`p`tmkdh`gt` qu` `s ugd fjhugmstd. @iid s` v` `g id

g`f`smkdk k` dcjn`t`drij y ì gmôj auy` pdrd `sfjgk`rs` `g idcmcimjt`fd, `g kjgk` pr`gk` nu`lj d ijs imcrjs k` ids `stdgt`rèds.@i mgf`gkmj s` `xtm`gk` y Dimfmd, `g h`kmj k` id hufa`kuhcr`,jcs`rvd id k`struffmög k` id cmcimjt`fd.

]d qu` gj ady hdi qu` pdrd cm`g gj v`gld, ijs trälmfjsdfjgt`fmhm`gtjs ii`vdg d hufads p`rsjgds kì pu`cij d `gtrdr `grdzög. @gfdc`zdkds pjr ì Svkj. \misjg pmk`g d Dimfmd qu` s`qu`k` y i`s dyuk` `g id r`fjgstruffmög k` id cmcimjt`fd, ij fudi

ìid df`ptd.

@gvò`f` fdgsdkd k` iufadr, p`rj dÿg nmrh` `g su r`sjiufmög k`k`n`gk`r id hmsmög k` id cmcimjt`fd, k` prjpjrfmjgdr mgnjrhdfmögdf`rfd k` tjkjs ijs t`hds, mgfiusmv` dquìijs fjgsmk`rdkjsmgk`s`dci`s pjr ijs pjiètmfjs, häs mgt`r`sdkjs `g sus fdrr`rdsqu` `g id imc`rtdk k` ids gu`vds mk`ds. ] tdhcmíg s` `gfu`gtrdHdrtad Ijfbrmkl`, ugd dsmst`gt` k` cmcimjt`fd qu` iufad fjg sus

s`gtmhm`gtjs y ì fjhprjhmsj fjg ijs mk`di`s pidshdkjs pjr sudgt`rmjr kmr`ftjrd. @s ugd k` ids häs kìmfdkds pìèfuids dgtm-



4;0

f`gsurd prjkufmkds odhäs, p`rj k`sdnjrtugdkdh`gt` gugfd adsmkj trdgsn`rmkd d vmk`j y rdrd v`z s` hu`strd `g tì`vmsmög.

@g jtrj `sf`gdrmj, dilugjs Gdzms y idkrjg`s k` drt` jfdsmjgdgugd hdtdgzd `g ugd cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd. K` daè ì tètuij huyfjgv`gm`gt`? ’Vmi`gfmj pjr ndvjr? Ds`smgdtj‘. Bdy Sydg, `s kà`faj id a`rjègd k` id pìèfuid. @iid dyukd di k`t`ftmv` prmvdkjAdi HfCyrg` d fdpturdr d ijs adhpjg`s, qum`g`s mgt`gtdg dsditdrid Vdid k` imcrjs rdrjs. Ujr ì fjgtrdrmj, @khugk \dipji`, ìcmcimjt`fdrmj o`n`, `s ug tmpj tèhmkj y k` fjrtd `stdturd qu` adf`pufa`rjs fudgkj ids smr`gds dgtm-dír`ds s` dpdldg2 íi `s tdhcmígug ludrkmd dgtmdír`j y `g su trdcdoj su vdi`gtèd `s prjpjrfmjgdi dsu fjcdrkèd hm`gtrds ii`vd pu`stj su sjhcr`rj k` rdtög k`cmcimjt`fd.

Ujr ij l`g`rdi, sjg ids huo`r`s qum`g`s r`pr`s`gtdg pdpì`sg`ldtmvjs2 sjg s`r`s trmst`s, aurdôjs y pjfj j gdkd dhdci`s. IuiuVhmta `s id cmcimjt`fdrmd k` ug p`qu`ôj pu`cij. Fdhmgj d sutrdcdoj s` tjpd fjg ijs hufadfajs kì iuldr qu` s` hjndg k` ìid

lrmtägkji`?-‐¡^mòd fudtrj jojs!„, d ij fudi ìid r`spjgk`?- ‐K`s`drèd s`r id ku`ôd k` id cmcimjt`fd… fjgs`lu mrèd ug adfad yijs fjrtdrèd `g hmiijg`s k` p`kdfmtjs. Iu`lj id qu`hdrèd ougtj fjgì pu`cij y tjfdrèd ì ubuiì` hm`gtrds drk`g„.

Vu mgsdtmsndffmög fjg id vmkd `s usdkd pdrd k`sdrrjiidr ì r`stj kìd amstjrmd, dugqu` fjg `xp`rm`gfmds gj pr`fmsdh`gt`cmcimjt`fdrmds, fjhj id vmv`gfmd k` su ’Dhjr prjamcmkj‘.

Id ’Udrty lmri‘ nuhd hdrmaudgd, tm`g` prjci`hds k` difjajimshj,`s lrjs`rd fjg su o`n` y fjg ijs usudrmjs k` id cmcimjt`fd, gjr`sp`td gjrhds gm r`lidh`gtjs. Id hòjr dhmld k` idfjprjtdljgmstd `g ’Pg pdpä k` pì è fuid‘ `s ugd cmcimjt`fdrmdfiäsmfd k` fmg`? sjit`rjgd, t`h`rjsd k` hjstrdr fudiqum`r pdrt` k`su fu`rpj kmn`r`gt` di rjstrj y ids hdgjs, qu` usd sjhcr`rj yndikd dhpimd, adstd ijs pm`s, qu` su`ôd fjg ug ajhcr`, dsè t`gld

k`n`ftjs, ij fudi gj `s mhpjrtdgt` hm`gtrds id imc`r` k` sumgt`rhmgdci` sji`kdk. @g fudgtj d id v`stmh`gtd s` pdr`f` d id`gfdrldkd kì cmcimjcÿs kì fjgkdkj, qum`g dk`häs adf` ldid k`



4;>

su hdi fdräft`r y dgtmpdtèd fjg ’Cmiiy @iimjt‘, fudgkj ì gmôj `gtrdt`h`rjsj y dv`rljgzdkj d cusfdr ug imcrj k` cdii`t. Dgt` ì

r`ldôj pr`vmj d ugd nditd qu` dÿg gj ad fjh`tmkj y id g`ldtmvd dpr`stdri` ug imcrj qu` dÿg gj ad sjimfmtdkj, Cmiiy k`fmk`, `g ugk`sfumkj k` id huo`r, aurtdr ì imcrj jfuitägkjij `g su pdgtdiög2ugd v`z `g su fdsd, `st` imcrj s`rä ugd vdimjsd a`rrdhm`gtd pdrddpr`gk`r pjsmfmjg`s y pdsjs cäsmfjs ` mgkmsp`gsdci`s `g sudpr`gkmzdo` fjhj nuturj ndhjsj cdmidrèg2 y gj pr`fmsdh`gt` fjgdyukd k` id cmcimjt`fdrmd.

Mludi suf`k` fjg Cmiiy Fdsp`r, mgtmhmkdkj nèsmfd y h`gtdih`gt` pjrsu h`kmj a`rhdgj Ouk, tdgtj `g id `sfuìd fjhj `g ì ajldr. @sug hufadfaj pjcr` y fjgnimftmvj, qu` s` rjcd id i`fa` k` ijsfdrrjs r`pdrtmkjr`s, h`t` `g prjci`hds d jtrjs `stukmdgt`s, i`lustd pì`dr y l`g`rdih`gt` s` fjhpjrtd hdi. @s ug gmôj`hjfmjgdih`gt` dcdgkjgdkj qu` tm`g` huy cdod dutj`stmhd y suhdkr` s` r`nm`r` d íi fjhj ‐ug fdsj p`rkmkj".

H`gkmld pdrd fjgs`lumr kmg`rj, nuhd fmldrrmiijs, su`ôd k`spm`rtj

y gj tm`g` mgt`r`s`s pjsmtmvjs `g id `sfuìd. Vu hdyjr t`hjr `st`rhmgdr trdcdodgkj fjhj ug hmg`rj k` fdrcög, p`rj gj tm`g`gmglugd vèd k` `sfdp` k` ij qu` pdr`f` s`r su k`stmgj. @i hmshjk`stmgj qu` pjg` `g sus hdgjs ugd sdimkd fudgkj s` adf` fdrljk` ug p`qu`ôj f`rgèfdij qu` tjhd kì gmkj `g ugd lrdgod. Vumgt`rís pjr dpr`gk`r df`rfd k` id f`tr`rèd ij ii`vd d id cmcimjt`fdpÿcimfd, `g kjgk` ugd cmcimjt`fdrmd i` gm`ld ì prístdhj pjrqu`Cmiiy fdr`f` k` ug fdrg`t k` i`ftjr, qu` pjr su pjcr`zd gj pu`k`fjgs`lumr, dgt` ij fudi ì hufadfaj `gtrd `g ugd imcr`rèd k`

usdkjs y rjcd ì imcrj qu` g`f`smtd. Jtrj dftj k` mgtrdgsml`gfmd,smg h`gfmjgdr id kmsfrmhmgdfmög pjr pdrt` k` id nugfmjgdrmd, fuydidh`gtdci` fjgs`fu`gfmd `s id fjhmsmög k` ug kìmtj.

Id rìdfmög `gtr` Cmiiy y "B`s" , su f`rgèfdij, d qum`g `gtr`gdcd fjgid jrm`gtdfmög kì imcrj aurtdkj, ij ii`vd d v`r gu`vjs ajrmzjgt`s yd fdhcmdr su pugtj k` vmstd df`rfd k` id vmkd. Ujr prmh`rd v`z `gid vmkd, y `g id pìèfuid, Cmiiy r`fmc` ìjlmjs k` su prjn`sjr k`

mgliís k`spuís k` kdr ugd fadrid mhprjvmsdkd df`rfd k` surìdfmög fjg ì dv`, d id qu` hdtd Ouk, nurmjsj di p`rk`r ugd

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermano#Medio_hermanos

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falco_tinnunculus

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetrer%C3%ADa

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetrer%C3%ADa

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falco_tinnunculus

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermano#Medio_hermanos



4;<

dpu`std. ¡Da! id fruìkdk kì gjvìmstd `g su nmkìmkdk fjg id vmkdr`di.

] sm s` adcid k` kdhds `s mg`vmtdci` adcidr k` hjkd. Mludi qu`sus fji`lds dgt`s h`gfmjgdkds s` vmst` id `gfdrldkd k` r`fjl`rijs imcrjs `g id sdid k` i`fturd y ii`vdrijs di k`pösmtj pjr `gtrìdc`règtmfds `stdgt`rèds y nmfa`rjs fdtdijlränmfjs mgt`rhmgdci`s, `gkjgk` ijs imcrjs vuìdg smi`gfmjsjs k` ug `stdgt` d jtrj y idsnmfads `sfdpdg k` ijs nmfa`rjs fjhj gdmp`s `gijqu`fmkjs. @stdhuo`r, k` `kdk dvdgzdkd, fjg dsp`ftj k` p`rsjgd sjimtdrmd y k`hdi fdräft`r, v`stmkd d id usdgzd k` ids pìèfuids dgtmluds, qu`pdr`f` dajldrs` fjg ì fuìij k` vuìjs dpr`tdkj adstd idcdrcmiid, `s, pdrd ajrrjr k` ugjs y pdrdköomfj r`ljfmoj k` hufajsjtrjs `sp`ftdkjr`s, id prmh`rd vèftmhd k` ijs vmsmtdgt`strdgspdr`gt`s y dt`rrdkjr`s `g id cmcimjt`fd pÿcimfd k` ’Ijs

fdzdndgtdshds‘.

Gjtd mgt`r`sdgt`? @i ndgtdshd k` id huo`r qu` dsustd `g ijsk`pösmtjs k` id cmcimjt`fd vmst` `xdftdh`gt` mludi qu` id

cmcimjt`fdrmd `gfdrldkd k` r`fjl`r ijs imcrjs `g id sdid k` i`fturd. Dhcds sjg vmòds, ids kjs tm`g`g hdi fdräft`r y... pdr`f` fjsd k``spdgtjs, fu`gtdg fjg ugd trmiimzd ndgtdshdlörmfd `g ’Id

cmcimjt`fdrmd smi`gfmjsd‘.

Id s`ôjrmtd Nrdggy, k` ’Hm hòjr dhmlj‘, `s id `xfígtrmfd ydrmstjfrätmfd cmcimjt`fdrmd kì pu`cij.65 Pgd huo`r jfupdkd fjgsus imcrjs y sus r`fu`rkjs. Fudgkj `rd gmôd, su rmfj pdkr` i`pr`lugtö quí `rd ij qu` häs qu`rèd y ìid r`spjgkmö? -‐Hm prjpmdcmcimjt`fd„. Dsè qu` ad smkj cmcimjt`fdrmd k`sk` qu` t`gèd 44 dôjsk` `kdk y gugfd s` ad fdsdkj. Iu`lj, ug kèd, dpdr`f`g ugd gmôdp`qu`ôd y ug p`rrj lrdgk`. D id s`ôjrmtd Nrdggy i` `gfdgtdfjgtdr amstjrmds y d ìijs i`s `gfdgtd `sfufadrids. Fdkd ugd

65 Föhj adf`r fmg`. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//www.fjhjadf`rfmg`.fjh/fafZk`tdii`.pap:mk`84351(Fjgsuitd 0 s`ptm`hcr` 3545)

http://www.comohacercine.com/chc_detalle.php?ide=1208




4;1

dpjrtd dilj d id vmkd k` id jtrd. Di nmg y di fdcj, Jpdi y \mgg-Kmxm`njrhdg ugd mgv`rjsèhmi pdròd k` l`gt` sjimtdrmd.

@g ì fjhÿg k` pìèfuids `stdkjugmk`gs`s pjk`hjsgjtdr id tmpmnmfdfmög qu` s` sulm`r` `g fudgtj d idmhdl`g kì cmcimjt`fdrmj, hjstrdkj fjhj ugd p`rsjgdlrms, fjg ldnds, huy fuitd y l`g`rdih`gt` vmòd. @g ìfdsj fjgfr`tj k` ids huo`r`s, s` dpjrtd ugd mhdl`gk` huo`r r`fdtdkd, v`stmkd fjg o`rs`y k` fuìij ditj yndikd pjr k`cdoj k` id rjkmiid, fjg ì pìj r`fjlmkj `gug hjôj y fjg ids mgsustmtumci`s ldnds. U`rsjgdo`shuy kmstdgt`s. Vmg `hcdrlj `g ids pìèfuidsdftudi`s `s fdkd v`z häs nr`fu`gt` qu` s` hu`str`gfjhj p`rsjgds dff`smci`s y fjg fm`rtj gmvì k`fuiturd h`kmd-ditd dfjrk` fjg ì r`stj k` ijsp`rsjgdo`s.

Id vmsmög qu` s` kd k` `std prjn`smög `g ì fmg`,dugqu` k`p`gk` kì amij drluh`gtdi, `stä

fdhcmdgkj. Dug dsè, `stä huy iòjs k` pdr`f`rs` d idkdkd k` jtrds prjn`smjg`s dpdr`gt`h`gt` häsdtrdftmvds fjhj pu`k`g s`r ids k` dcjldkjs,híkmfjs, hd`strjs j nutcjimstds. K` a`faj, smr`fjrkdhjs pìèfuids sjcr` ugmv`rsmtdrmjs idstmtuidfmjg`s qu` dpdr`f`g nr`fu`gt`h`gt` sjg ids k``fjgjhmstds, dcjldkjs, pjiètmfjs, `tf., gugfd ids k`cmcimjt`fdrmj.64

@g id cmcimjt`fd s` ou`ld hdids pdsdkds d ijsp`rsjgdo`s fjg ì nmg k` dôdkmr ì`h`gtjs ojfjsjs did amstjrmd. Id vèftmhd k` Mgkmdgd Ojg`s `g ‐MgkmdgdOjg`s y id ÿitmhd Fruzdkd„, `s ug cmcimjt`fdrmj qu`hm`gtrds prjf`k` d sìidr imcrjs s` fjgvm`rt` `g dftjrföhmfj kurdgt` ijs mgt`gtjs k` Ojg`s pjr dcrmr ug

64 Id cmcimjt`fd fjhj dtr`zzj `g ì fmg`. R`g ièg`dX. Kmspjgmci` `g?

9attp?//cmcimjfmg`nmijs.cijlspjt.fjh/355=/5=/id-cmcimjt`fd-fjhj-dtr`zzj-`g-ì-fmg`.athi7 N`fad k` fjgsuitd > k` @g`rj 3545







4;=

dluo`rj pdrd `gtrdr `g ids fdtdfuhcds qu` s` adiidgk`cdoj k` id cmcimjt`fd. Fdkd v`z qu` ì cmcimjt`fdrmj,

k` trdo`, pdodrmtd, ldnds, fdivj y fdrd s`v`rd, sìid ugimcrj, ì drqu`öijlj prjkuf` ug ljip` `g ì suìj,qu` ì cmcimjt`fdrmj fjgsmk`rd `s fdusdkj pjr suhdtdsìijs k`n`ftujsj.63

V`rèd mhp`rkjgdci` pdsdr pjr ditj d id cmcimjt`fdrmd k` ’Id

hjhmd‘, tjrp` y rmkmfuimzdkd fjhj prjn`smjgdi y fjhj huo`r,fdpdz k` k`rrmcdr fjhj nmfads k` kjhmgö ids p`sdkds `stdgt`rèds

k` id cmcimjt`fd `sp`fmdimzdkd k` ugd Nugkdfmög k` @stukmjs@lmpfmjs `g @i Fdmrj, y ij sunmfm`gt`h`gt` mgl`gud pdrd ds`lurdr,k`smgamcmkd pjr ì difjaji k` ugjs trdljs, qu` su hdyjr jrluiij `ss`r cmcimjt`fdrmd.

’Id hjhmd‘

63 SJV-HDS[ÈG, Hdrfjs. Mgkmdgd Ojg`s? @i 15% kì trdcdoj k`

Drqu`jijlèd s` adf` `g id cmcimjt`fd R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/>5/mgkmdgd-ojg`s-ì-15-

kì-trdcdoj-`g-drqu`jijld-s`-adf`-`g-id-cmcimjt`fd/ (fjgsuitd? 5>@g`rj 3545).

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/60/indiana-jones-el-80-del-trabajo-en-arqueologa-se-hace-en-la-biblioteca/






405

Vupu`stdh`gt`, hmiijg`s k` p`rsjgds66 adg smkj t`stmljs kìdglustmjsj iidhdkj k` duxmimj k` Cruf` \miims `g ’Id ouglid k`

frmstdi MMM‘, fudgkj `g h`kmj k` su k`s`sp`rdfmög s` dfu`rkd kìd `xmst`gfmd k` ajhcr`s y huo`r`s qu`, gj jcstdgt` su trdcdojpurdh`gt` mgtì`ftudi y k` smi`gfmjsd fidusurd, njrhdg pdrt`dftmvd ` mhpjrtdgt` k` id sjfm`kdk?-‐¡[`g`hjs qu` iidhdr d ijs cjhc`rjs, d id pjimfèd, di NCM, diòírfmtj... adstd d ijs putjs cmcimjt`fdrmjs!„.

^`hjs tdhcmíg qu` ì fmg` gj sm`hpr` adf` usj `strmftj k` ijsì`h`gtjs prjpjrfmjgdkjs y k`sfrmtjs `g id imt`rdturd. Ujrò`hpij, `g id gjvìd ‐Adrry Ujtt`r y id fähdrd s`fr`td„ id dutjrd,O. B. Sjwimgls, gdrrd ugd `sf`gd jfurrmkd `g id cmcimjt`fd kÀjwldrts, ì fji`lmj pdrd hdljs, fudgkj Adrry y sus dhmljsfjgsuitdg ug imcrj k` pjfmjg`s pdrd trdgsnjrhdrs` `g jtrdsp`rsjgds y k`nmg` d id cmcimjt`fdrmd fjhj ugd p`rsjgd rèlmkd,mgtrdgsml`gt`, fjg dsp`ftj k` cumtr` hdi dimh`gtdkj. Vmg `hcdrlj,id v`rsmög fmg`hdtjlränmfd s` dcstm`g` k` tjkd r`n`r`gfmd d idcmcimjt`fdrmd y s` imhmtd d hjstrdr id cmcimjt`fd `g su s`ffmög

fjrr`spjgkm`gt`, fjg sus `stdgt`rèds k` s`rvmfmj dcm`rtj yp`rn`ftdh`gt` jrk`gdkds. D prjpösmtj, gj jcstdgt` ids hdlgènmfdscmcimjt`fds `xmst`gt`s `g Ajwldrts, `g gmglugd k` ids pìèfuidsqu` fjgnjrhdg id sdld k` Adrry Ujtt`r dpdr`f` odhäs ugcmcimjt`fdrmj, sm cm`g `s fm`rtj qu` ijs imcrjs, yd ij kmomhjs, nijtdg `gì dmr` di pdsdr k` ug `stdgt` d jtrj y s` dfjhjkdg smg g`f`smkdkk` cmcimjt`fdrmjs gm duxmimdr`s auhdgjs. Di nmg y di fdcj, s` trdtdk` id hòjr `sfuìd k` hdlmd `g id kmh`gsmög k` ijs hdljs.

Udrd k`sfmnrdr ì h`gsdo` fjgt`gmkj `g ’@i fökmlj Kd ^mgfm‘, ìprjn`sjr Sjc`rt Idglkjg, `xp`rtj `g smhcjijlèd, cusfd id tuhcdkì fdcdii`rj t`hpidrmj `gt`rrdkj pjr ug Udpd y s` v` `g idg`f`smkdk k` dfukmr d id cmcimjt`fd. @s ugd iästmhd qu` id pìèfuidgjs prmv` k` v`r r`pr`s`gtdkd d id cmcimjt`fdrmd k` id gjvìd2 ìprjci`hd k` tm`hpj y fjstjs k` prjkuffmög s` r`suìv`

66 @i rji kì cmcimjt`fdrmj `g ì fmg`. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//www.cu`gdstdr`ds.fjh/`gsdyjs/@i-Sji-Kì-Cmcimjt`fdrmj-@g-@i-Fmg`/134;1.athi (Fjgsuitd 4= Kmfm`hcr` 355=).

http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/El-Rol-Del-Bibliotecario-En-El-Cine/82148.html






404

suprmhm`gkj id vmsmtd d id cmcimjt`fd h`kmdgt` ugd cÿsqu`kd `g ìfdtäijlj `g ièg`d d trdvís k` ug tìínjgj fìuidr qu` ì

prjtdljgmstd pmk` pr`stdkj d ug ojv`g qu` vmdod `g ì hmshj cus.

Kdg Crjwg mgfiuy` `g su gjvìd id vmsmtd d id cmcimjt`fd kì Bmgl»sFjii`l` y k`sfrmc` d id cmcimjt`fdrmd, Udhìd L`ttuh, fjhj ugdhuo`r k` `xpr`smög mgtìml`gt` y fdrd k` `rukmtd, fjg vjzdlrdkdci` y ugd fdk`gd k` kjgk` fuìldg ldnds k` lru`sjshdrfjs. Id h`gfmög k` `rukmtd gj `s lrdtumtd2 id cmcimjt`fdrmd k` idgjvìd fjgjf` k`tdii`s qu` dyukdg `n`ftmvdh`gt` d k`sfmnrdr ì`gmlhd.

Id prjpjrfmög k` huo`r`s cmcimjt`fdrmds `s k` 43 d41? ; k` fdkd 0 cmcimjt`fdrmjs `g ids pìèfuids sjghuo`r`s y k`gtrj k` `st` lrupj ady ugd prjpjrfmögk` 43 cmcimjt`fdrmds oöv`g`s nr`gt` d 0 k` h`kmdgd`kdk j hdyjr`s (Sdmsa, s.n.). Id cmcimjt`fdrmd, kdkd idnu`rzd kì `st`r`jtmpj, `s nu`gt` y t`hd tdgtj `g ìfmg` fjhj `g id imt`rdturd. @i `st`r`jtmpj k` id

cmcimjt`fdrmd `g ì fmg` `s, smg kukd, ì ‐nmiög„ häs rmfjk` gu`strd prjn`smög. Id prjn`smög k` ‐cmcimjt`fdrmj„s` k`fimgd häs d h`gukj `g n`h`gmgj qu` `ghdsfuimgj. ‐Di ajhcr` `rukmtj, k` i`trds, qu` k`t`gtdug pu`stj k` r`spjgsdcmimkdk, `g pdrt` a`r`k`rj kìjs smlijs pdsdkjs, i` suf`k` id cmcimjt`fdrmd,vdijrdkd pjr sus fudimkdk`s kjhístmfds, `g ug`spdfmj prjt`lmkj, smg qu` hji`st` `g gdkd su pdpìprmhjrkmdi y pr`sugtj k` hdkr` k` ndhmimd.„ @g pdrt`,

ì `st`r`jtmpj tm`g` dilj k` v`rkdk? id n`hmgmzdfmögk` `std prjn`smög k`sk` ì smlij QMQ adstd ajy `scm`g fjgjfmkd, dugqu` nditdg `stukmjs `g @spdôd. @i`st`r`jtmpj tm`g` kjs v`rtm`gt`s? id g`ldtmvd (häsnr`fu`gt`) y id pjsmtmvd. Ids pìèfuids Fdrtds d Mrms(4==5), Fmukdkdgj Bdg` (4=;4), K`sdyugj fjgkmdhdgt`s (4=>4), Amstjrmds k` Nmidkìnmd (4=;5), y¡Tuí cìij `s vmvmr! (4=;>) `gtr` jtrds, hu`strdg ugd

cmcimjt`fdrmd, `g su v`rtm`gt` g`ldtmvd, fjg idssmlum`gt`s fdrdft`rèstmfds (Hdrmgìim, 3555)? huo`r k`h`kmdgd `kdk j hdyjr, pjfj dtrdftmvd, fjg hjôj y



403

ldnds (¡kmstmgtmvjs mgìukmci`s y njrzjsjs!) y d v`f`shjgöfuij, `xpr`smög pr`jfupdkd y fdrd s`rmd,

v`stmkd fjg ‐aäcmtjs idrljs„, fjgs`rvdkjrd `g ìv`stmr, zdpdtjs fiäsmfjs y h`kmds, ndikd tw``k y l`stjtèpmfj fjg id hdgj, adfm`gkj ludrkdr smi`gfmj. U`rj ì`st`r`jtmpj gj dfdcd dquè. @std mhdl`g nèsmfd s`fjhpi`td fjg dtrmcutjs k` fdräft`r, mludi k`dtrdftmvjs (Sdmsa)? sjit`rd j hòjr kmfaj ‐sjit`rjgd„ -k`cmkj d qu` `s pr`s`gtdkd fjhj ugd huo`r n`d,s`v`rd, r`hmildkd, dcurrmkd y t`h`rjsd k` ijsajhcr`s-, y fdsfdrrdcmds, mgtrjv`rtmkd, tjrp`, p`rjtdhcmíg ‐trdgqumid„. Dilugjs v`g, `g `stjs rdsljs,ugd vdrmdgt` kì `st`r`jtmpj k` id ‐Cruod„ j id ‐^mòd„,fjgjfmkd `g ids hmtjijlèds y fu`gtjs pjpuidr`s fjhjBdim, Adrpèd j Cdcd-]dld (@gli`, s. n.). Fadmgtr`du(4==6, p. 4>) dnmrhd qu` ids cmcimjt`fdrmds k` hjôj yldnds ‐smg kukd sjg k` gdfmjgdimkdk dh`rmfdgd. @s`g @stdkjs Pgmkjs, sjcr` tjkj, kjgk` `std `sp`fm`,`g vèds k` `xtmgfmög, s` ad r`nulmdkj.„ D p`sdr k`

qu` id dutjrd dnmrhd qu` ijs `st`r`jtmpjs `stägfdhcmdgkj, gj k`c`hjs `stdr tdg s`lurjs k` ìij.[dgtj `g ij cu`gj, fjhj `g ij hdij, ì fmg` y idimt`rdturd ou`ldg ug pdpì huy mhpjrtdgt` dir`sp`ftj.

ºK` kögk` vm`g` `std mhdl`g tdg g`ldtmvd k` idcmcimjt`fdrmd: @g ids nu`gt`s h`gfmjgdkds s` kmf`qu` `s ugd mhdl`g prjf`k`gt` k` ids cmcimjt`fds

pÿcimfds2 p`rj pu`k` r`hjgtdrs` d hufaj dgt`s? dicmcimjt`fdrmj fustjkmj, vmlmidgt`, ‐ludrkmäg k` idfji`ffmög„. Di pdr`f`r ì `st`r`jtmpj s` nmoö häs jh`gjs `g ì smlij QMQ, fudgkj id huo`r `hp`zö dtrdcdodr `g pu`stjs hdi r`hug`rdkjs, `gtr` ijs qu`s` fjgtdcd id cmcimjt`fd. @stds fdrdft`rèstmfdsdkqumrm`rjg ‐fdrtd k` fmukdkdgèd„ d h`kmdkjs kìsmlij QQ d trdvís kì fmg` y jtrds `xpr`smjg`s

(föhmfs, imcrjs, kmcuojs dgmhdkjs, `tf.). Adydsp`ftjs kì `st`r`jtmpj kmnèfmi`s k` fdhcmdr? pjrò`hpij, ì usj k` ldnds qu` dn`ftd d ugd lrdg pdrt`



406

k` id pjcidfmög fjg prjci`hds k` vmsmög y qu`fdrdft`rmzd d hufads jtrds prjn`smjg`s, pjr gj k`fmr

tjkds, ajy `g kèd. V`lÿg Fadmgtr`du nu` tdrkèdh`gt`fudgkj dpdr`fmö ì rji ‐g`ldtmvj„ k` id cmcimjt`fdrmdpu`stj qu` ístd gdfmö ‐`strìid„ y fjhj tdi nu``gfdrgdkd di prmgfmpmj pjr dftrmf`s fjhj FdrjiÌjhcdrk j Lr``r Ldrsjg. @i pdpì k` cmcimjt`fdrmd‐nösmi„, fjg hjôj y ldnds, amzj su dpdrmfmög k`hdg`rd s`fugkdrmd, `g fjh`kmds dh`rmfdgds fjhjK`sdyugj fjg kmdhdgt`s. @g hufads gjvìds, idcmcimjt`fdrmd dkqum`r` tmgt`s t`rrjrènmfjs? p`rsmlu`gmôjs, k`sfjrdzjgd d dgdindc`tjs, `tf. Vm idscmcimjt`fdrmds amfm`rjg su dpdrmfmög `g ids cmcimjt`fdspÿcimfds, `g @stdkjs Pgmkjs, ºföhj s` pdsö k` idmhdl`g k` cmcimjt`fdrmd cjgmtd, ojv`g, ug ‐adkd„ `gtjkd r`lid, di `st`r`jtmpj k` vmòd cruod:

Id `xpimfdfmög qu` prjpjrfmjgd Fadmgtr`du `s qu`‐ijs gjvìmstds fjgsmk`rdcdg qu` ids oöv`g`s s`

fdsdcdg y kòdcdg, pjr ij tdgtj, id prjn`smög, fjhj`rd adcmtudi„ (diuk` d ijs dôjs 65, `g pi`gj frdfb `fjgöhmfj, fudgkj ugd i`y `g @stdkjs Pgmkjsprjamcèd trdcdodr d ids huo`r`s fdsdkds). ‐Udrdfdstmldrids pjr adc`r jsdkj usurpdr `st` rji ydcdgkjgdr ì pdpì k` huo`r`s k` su fdsd, gj s` i`sfjgf`k` id `rukmfmög y id fuiturd, id gjci`zd k` idprjn`smög. V` ids dfdgtjgd `g ug pdpì k`nugfmjgdrmd mgni`xmci` qu` idgzd prjamcmfmjg`s.„

(mcmk`h, p. =>).

\dib`r y Idwsjg dnmrhdg qu` k` fm`gtjs k` pìèfuidsprjkufmkds pjr Ajiiywjjk, ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjsdpdr`f`g `g pjfds k` ìids, y `g cr`v`s `sf`gds2rdrd v`z sjg ‐prjtdljgmstds„. @g id cds` k` kdtjsHdlmii»s Vurv`y jn Fmg`hd, fjgsuitdkd pjr ijsdutjr`s, id pdidcrd ‐cmcimjt`fdrmj„ dpdr`f` söij `g ;5

pìèfuids. Häs jptmhmstd, Hdrtmg Sdmsa imstd f`rfd k`605 prjkuffmjg`s k` Ajiiywjjk y ugds pjfds`xtrdgo`rds (k` Nrdgfmd y Di`hdgmd, gmglugd



40;

`spdôjid), qu` mgfiuy`g `sf`gds kjgk` dpdr`f`gcmcimjt`fds y cmcimjt`fdrmjs, tdgtj k` ugd njrhd

k`stdfdkd fjhj jfdsmjgdi. D h`gukj id hmshdcmcimjt`fdrmd qu` pjs`` tjkjs ijs fimfaís g`ldtmvjs,tdhcmíg `gfdrgd dtrmcutjs pjsmtmvjs, fjhj v`r`hjs dfjgtmgudfmög. Id v`rtm`gt` pjsmtmvd k` id cmcimjt`fdrmdnu` id prmh`rd qu` kmj ì fmg`, y pjr ìij ìmlmö`strìids pdrd `gfdrgdrids? Dgg` Ciyta`, O`dgVmhhjgs, ^mrlmgmd Hdyj, Fdrji` Ijhcdrk `g Fdsdkd

pjr dzdr (4=63) j Lr``r Ldrsjg `g Id dv`gturd(4=;0, kmr. ^mftjr Ni`hmgl) fjg Fidrb Ldci` fjhjprjtdljgmstd `g dhcds pìèfuids.

Id v`rtm`gt` pjsmtmvd k` id cmcimjt`fdrmd `g ì fmg` y `gid imt`rdturd, s` k`nmg` pjr ijs smlum`gt`s rdsljs?dtrdftmvd y s`xy, smg ldnds, pìj fjrtj j idrlj (gjr`fjlmkj), ì`ldgt` y `nmfdz, fjg `gfdgtj, huo`r k`fdrr`rd, sjit`rd, mgtìml`gt`, jrk`gdkd, ajg`std ytrdcdodkjrd. @i `st`r`jtmpj `s dhcmluj, pjrqu` `g ids

pìèfuids `g ids qu` id cmcimjt`fdrmd ojv`g, dtrdftmvd ysjit`rd k`s`hp`ôd su trdcdoj, `s ‐sdivdkd„ k` ugk`stmgj p`jr qu` id hu`rt` fudgkj s` fdsdrjhägtmfdh`gt` fjg ì aírj`? k` sjit`rd/sjit`rjgd dfdsdkd. @g ì `st`r`jtmpj n`h`gmgj `g pjsmtmvj,k`stdfd ì ‐rjhdgf` d id vmstd„? ì dhjr y ìhdtrmhjgmj imc`rdg ì dtrdftmvj k` ugd huo`r ojv`g, yid sdivdg k` ugd vmkd k` sjit`rjgd `gtr` hjgtdôds kìmcrjs, fjgkufmígkjid d su ‐v`rkdk`rd r`dimzdfmög„. Id

cmcimjt`fdrmd ojv`g y cìid suì` s`r dpr`fmdkd pjr ìldiäg hm`gtrds suc` ugds `sfdi`rds pdrd cusfdrugjs imcrjs, j `gtr` ids `stdgt`rèds. @std s`kuftjrdcmcimjt`fdrmd suì` dyukdr di aírj` `g cÿsqu`kd k`mgnjrhdfmög ([r`s kèds kì Fögkjr , 4=<0, kmr. Kmgj kÌdur`gtms, fjg Sjc`rt S`knjrk y Ndy` Kugdwdy)`gfjgtrdgkj dv`gturds y rjhdgf` di idkj k` su

pdrt`gdmr`.

@g id pìèfuid nrdgf`sd @i ajhcr` k` ijs jojs pidt`dkjs (4=1>, kmr. Um`rr`-Lrdgm`r K`n`rr`, fjg



400

Didmg Vjufajg fjhj idkrög, O`dg-Ijums [rmgtmlgdgtfjhj pjimfèd y [dgyd Ijp`rt fjhj cmcimjt`fdrmd), ístd

`s s`kufmkd pjr ì hdij k` id pìèfuid, ii`ldgkj dhdtdr d ug pjimfèd pdrd dyukdr d su dhdgt`. [dhcmígdpdr`f`g cmcimjt`fdrmds dukdf`s y vdim`gt`s `g ids`ffmög ‐Mgndgtmi„ j ‐Ouv`gmi„ k` ugd cmcimjt`fd, j`gfdrldkds k` cmcimjcus`s. @st` ÿitmhj fdsj s`hu`strd `g id pìèfuid sumzd @rmfd Hmgjr (4=<;, kmr.C`rtrdgk vdg @nn`gt`rr`, fjg Crmlmtt` Njss`y, Ouim`tC`rtj y Hdkdh` Fijt, ugd cmcimjt`fdrmd dutígtmfd qu`dftuö `g id pìèfuid, kjgk` s` hu`strdg idskmnmfuitdk`s k` `st` s`rvmfmj.

@i cmcimjt`fdrmj `s h`gjs k`nmgmkj y h`gfmjgdkj `gì fmg` qu` id cmcimjt`fdrmd. Vuì` s`r ug `st`r`jtmpjk` v`rtm`gt` g`ldtmvd, fjg ids smlum`gt`sfdrdft`rèstmfds? fdivj y fjg ldnds2 hdi v`stmkj,k`sfumkdkj `g su rjpd2 sjit`rög qumsqumiijsj2 ys`gsmci`, hdiauhjrdkj y fruì2 p`rj tdhcmíg

r`sp`tdci` y fumkdkjsj. @i cmcimjt`fdrmj gj `s gm ugfjwcjy, gm ug dv`gtur`rj, gm ug k`t`ftmv` prmvdkj, pjrij tdgtj gj tm`g` ids fdrdft`rèstmfds k` ug aírj`hdsfuimgj fdrdft`rmzdkj pjr su r`cìkèd, dukdfmd ydtrdftmvj. Pgj k` ijs hjtmvjs k` qu` gj dpdr`zfdgcmcimjt`fdrmjs `g ì fmg` `s pjr id gdturdi`zddpdr`gt`h`gt` pjfj ‐fmgínmid„ kì trdcdoj cmcimjt`fdrmj(r`spjgk`r pr`lugtds k` r`n`r`gfmd gj tm`g`sunmfm`gt` dffmög).

Id v`rtm`gt` pjsmtmvd k`stdfd ug cmcimjt`fdrmj fjhjugd nmlurd sdcmd, ugd dutjrmkdk, sèhcjij k` ijshòjr`s vdijr`s sjfmdi`s2 fjg fjgjfmhm`gtjs k` idamstjrmd ijfdi, pjr ò`hpij. [dhcmíg dpdr`f`gcmcimjt`fdrmjs s`kuftjr`s, fjhj `g ]d `r`s ughufadfaj lrdgk` j `g Fu`gtj k` mgvm`rgj (4==3).@g Vöij kjs pu`k`g ouldr (4=00, kmr. Vmkg`y Lmiimdt,

fjg U`t`r Vìi`rs `g ì pdpì k` cmcimjt`fdrmj), íst``s ug ajhcr` fdsdkj, pdkr` k` ndhmimd, qu` dtrd`fjg su `gfdgtj y cu`g auhjr d ids oöv`g`s i`ftjrds



40>

k` id cmcimjt`fd. U`rj `g l`g`rdi, fudgkj dpdr`f`gajhcr`s cmcimjt`fdrmjs, su nugfmög `s häs gùtrd y

smg prjtdljgmshj.6;

Lijrmd Hugkm `s ugd cmcimjt`fdrmd dfjsdkd pjr fm`rtj k`t`ftmv` dfdusd k` ug fiäsmfj ’Ou`lj sufmj‘ fjg ug fds`t` k` hmfrjnmih.

Dpdr`f` tjtdih`gt` s`kuftjrd `g ugd nm`std, `g fjgtrdst` d fjhjiuf` fudgkj vd di trdcdoj fjg sus zdpdtjs puifrjs y huydprjpmdkjs. Vu hòjr dhmld id dfjgsòd?-‐Lijrmd, k`sk` qu` t` kmvjrfmdst`, t` `gfm`r rds `g `sd cmcimjt`fd yt` `sfjgk`s k`träs k` tus ldnds. Dgt`s usdcds häs `sfjt`2 síhäs fjqu`td, häs s`gsudi. º¡Tuí pr`t`gk`s! s`r ugd sjit`rjgd:„.

Jtrds kjs cmcimjt`fdrmds k`stdfdg `g fjgtrd k` id ouv`gtuk `mgjf`gfmd k` id rucmd. Id prmh`rd `s ugd pìmg`lrd ojv`g ydtrdftmvd qu` jkmd d ijs ajhcr`s y id jtrd `s ugd huo`r hdyjr, k`fdcìij lrms, qu` vd fjg ijs crdzjs fdrldkjs k` imcrjs pdrd i``r `gsu fdsd.

-‐Vjy ug rdtög k` cmcimjt`fd fjg id fdc`zd `g ids guc`s„ kmf` k`sè hmshd id rmfd dgfmdgd @imgjr `g ’Fjrdzög k` tmgtd‘. ] s` adf`g`f`sdrmj k`t`g`rs` `g ì tírhmgj Sdtög k` Cmcimjt`fd, `hpi`dkjk`sk` adf` hufajs dôjs pdrd k`smlgdr d ug `st`r`jtmpj k`p`rsjgd qu` p`rsmlu` dpdsmjgdkdh`gt` kmv`rsjs fjgjfmhm`gtjs dtrdvís k` id i`fturd. @i fdimnmfdtmvj s` jrmlmgö prjcdci`h`gt` `g ìH`kmj`vj, fudgkj ids cmcimjt`fds `rdg adcmtdkds r`dih`gt` pjrrdtjg`s qu` s` dimh`gtdcdg k` ids ajods k` ijs imcrjs, y s``stdci`fmö ug sèhmi fjg k`t`rhmgdkjs auhdgjs qu` dimh`gtdcdg

su mgtì`ftj fjg ijs fjgjfmhm`gtjs fjgt`gmkjs `g ijs imcrjs k``sds hmshds cmcimjt`fds. @g id dftudimkdk, ì tírhmgj, pjr ijl`g`rdi k` fjggjtdfmög k`sp`ftmvd, ad smkj r``hpidzdkj d pdrtmrk` ijs dôjs 4=<5 pjr G`rk, sjcr`gjhcr` dpimfdkj d p`rsjgdspjs``kjrds k` adcmimkdk`s y dnäg pjr dkqumrmr mgnjrhdfmög yfjgjfmhm`gtj d trdvís k` kmspjsmtmvjs ì`ftrögmfjs tdi`s fjhj idfjhputdkjrd y sus vdrmdkjs dkmtdh`gtjs, söij qu` dajrd gjtm`g`g id g`f`smkdk k` k`spidzdrs` nèsmfdh`gt` adstd id

6; UD_ ]DG@V, Fidukmd. Jp. Fmt. Uälmgd w`c.



40<

cmcimjt`fd, yd qu` kmspjg`g k` h`kmjs tdi`s fjhj ids r`k`s k`mgnjrhdfmög y ids cmcimjt`fds kmlmtdi`s. [dgtj ì Sdtög k`

Cmcimjt`fd fjhj su suf`sjr, ì G`rk, sjg fjgsmk`rdkjs p`rsjgdshuy mgtìml`gt`s y sjimtdrmds qu` tm`gk`g d `stdci`f`rfjhugmfdfmög `sp`fènmfd fjg p`rsjgds k` mgt`r`s`s dnmg`s. Dsè,a`hjs vmstj pìèfuids tdi`s fjhj ’Id v`gldgzd k` ijs G`rks‘, fdsmsm`hpr` k` fjrt` `stdkjugmk`gs`, `g ids qu` s` tmpmnmfd dihufadfaj j di dkuitj `stukmjsj, fjhj ug s`r tjrp` ` mgsjfmdci`,do`gj d tjkd dftmvmkdk lrupdi j qu` r`qum`rd k`str`zds fjrpjrdi`sfjhj ids g`f`sdrmds pdrd ì cdmi` j id präftmfd k` ijs k`pjrt`s,rdzög pjr id fudi sjg jco`tj k` curid y auhmiidfmög, gj sjidh`gt`pjr pdrt` k` ijs hdijs `stukmdgt`s smgj tdhcmíg pjr idshufadfads cjgmtds p`rj sup`rnmfmdi`s… y fruì`s. Jcvmdh`gt` `sì Sdtög j id Sdtjgd k` Cmcimjt`fd, j ug G`rk, qum`g pdld idsfjgs`fu`gfmds k` su mgtìml`gfmd y k` id hdikdk ` mlgjrdgfmd kìjs jtrjs.

@i gmôj k` km`z dôjs qu` dfjhpdôd d id cmcimjt`fd di FdpmtägHfFjrhmfb, ’Ujr sm`hpr` ojv`g‘, v` ugd gmôd, k` qum`g `stä

`gdhjrdkj, y k`sdpdr`f` kmfm`gkj?-‐¡@stjy `g ugd cmcimjt`fd ug säcdkj. U`gsdrä qu` sjy ug g`rk!".

¡^`rljgzjsj! ºv`rkdk:

K`sk` iu`lj qu` ady, tdgtj usudrmjs fjhj cmcimjt`fdrmds,r`sp`tdci`s y r`sp`tdkds, hjstrdkds di h`gjs `g ugd cu`gd`sf`gd, fjhj id cmcimjt`fdrmd k` ’@i kèd k`spuís k` hdôdgd‘, qum`gk`hu`strd su fdpdfmkdk pdrd ijfdimzdr mgnjrhdfmög `xdftd df`rfd

k` ijs sègtjhds k` id `gn`rh`kdk qu` dquòd d id ojv`g a`rmkd `gugd pm`rgd y cusfd id hdg`rd k` dt`gk`rid s`lÿg id h`kmfmgdpr`sfrmtd pdrd tdi`s fdsjs. ], id pr`pdrdfmög dfdkíhmfd j ì`gtr`gdhm`gtj, j id fjgouldfmög k` ids kjs, t`jrèd y präftmfd, i`p`rhmt`g dftudr fjg s`lurmkdk dgt` id `h`rl`gfmd.

-‐Ijs imcrjs gj söij smrv`g pdrd qu`hdrijs„ kmf` d ijs pr`s`gt`s,`sfíptmfjs dgt` ì a`faj k` qu` ìid, ugd cmcimjt`fdrmd,

kmdlgjstmfdrd fjhj ij adrèd dilum`g fjg fjgjfmhm`gtjs k`h`kmfmgd.



401



40=

ID [@I@^MVMJG

Vjg mgguh`rdci`s ijs s`rmdi`s `g ijs fudi`s dpdr`f`g imcrjs,cmcimjt`fds y drfamvjs, sjcr` tjkj `g ids prjkuffmjg`sgjrt`dh`rmfdgds. U`rj ady kjs s`rm`s y ugd pìèfuid pdrdtì`vmsmög qu` pjr su smgluidrmkdk y `sp`fmnmfmkdk h`r`f`g ugdfjgsmk`rdfmög `sp`fmdi2 V` trdtd k` ids s`rm`s ‘Cunnm, id

fdzdvdhpmrjs‘ y ‘@i cmcimjt`fdrmj‘, häs id pìèfuid ’Vdid kì`fturd‘.

Id prmh`rd, ’Cunny, id fdzdvdhpmrjs‘, j smhpi`h`gt` Cunny,60 `sugd s`rm` k` tì`vmsmög `stdkjugmk`gs`, kì líg`rj [`rrjr, `hmtmkdk`sk` ì 45 k` hdrzj k` 4==< adstd ì 35 k` hdyj k` 3556, k`spuís k` sm`t` `xmtjsds t`hpjrdkds y 4;; fdpètuijs.

Cunny Dgg` Vuhh`rs, ugd `stukmdgt` k` s`fugkdrmd,pjst`rmjrh`gt` ugmv`rsmtdrmd, `s `sfjlmkd pdrd s`r id Fdzdkjrd yiufadr fjgtrd ids nu`rzds kì hdi. Mgh`rsd `g su hugkj jrkmgdrmj,ndhmimd, `stukmj, dhmljs… k`sfucr` qu` id Cjfd kì Mgnm`rgj `stä`g Vuggykdi`, ug pjrtdi ucmfdkj k`cdoj k` su `sfuìd, kì qu`crjtdg tjkj tmpj k` frmdturds, `gtr` ìids, ijs vdhpmrjs.

60 Cunnm, id fdzdvdhpmrjs. R`g img`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

9attp?//`s.wmbmp`kmd.jrl/wmbm/CunnyZta`Z^dhpmr`ZVidy`r7.(Fjgsuitd 46 Jftucr` 3545).

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_de_televisi%C3%B3n

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadounidense

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_marzo


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_de_mayo


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffy_Summers

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazadora_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer



http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffy_Summers


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_de_mayo


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_marzo

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadounidense

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_de_televisi%C3%B3n



4>5

@g su idcjr fu`gtd fjg ì dpjyj k` vdi`rjsjs dhmljs p`rj,`sp`fmdih`gt`, kì cmcimjt`fdrmj k` id `sfuìd, Sup`rt Lmi`s, su

h`gtjr j ^mlmidgt`, kmspu`stj d lumdrid `g su kmnèfmi tdr`d y qum`g idii`vd d k`fmkmrs` pjr df`ptdr su hmsmög.

@s ug mgliís `gvmdkj pjr ì Fjgsòj k` ^mlmidgt`s pdrd lumdr d idhufadfad, `sfjgkm`gkj su mk`gtmkdk cdoj id dpdrm`gfmd kìcmcimjt`fdrmj k` id `sfuìd, dilj dsè fjhj Fidrb B`gt `g ug hugkjk` vdhpmrjs, hdlmd y uitrdhugkjs. Id cmcimjt`fd s` fjgvm`rt` `gì f`gtrj k` rùgmjg`s k` id Fdzdkjrd y su lrupj, vmstd fjhj ìfudrtì k` id iufad fjgtrd ì hdi ºUjkrèdhjs k`fmr, fjgtrd idmlgjrdgfmd: ] ì ièk`r k` `st` òírfmtj `s ì cmcimjt`fdrmj.

Lmi`s ò`rf` ugd mgniu`gfmd k`t`rhmgdgt` sjcr` id vmkd k` idFdzdkjrd. Dk`häs k` `gtr`gdrid y sup`rvmsdrid, fuhpim`gkj fjgsus tdr`ds k` fjgsò`rj, k`sdrrjiid fjg Cunny ugd rìdfmög k`pdkr`-amod, dgt` id dus`gfmd kì pdkr` k` ìid. @std rìdfmög dn`ftdsus k`fmsmjg`s y su frmt`rmj, di pugtj qu` ì Fjgsòj k`fmk`nmgdih`gt` rì`vdrij k` su fdrlj, prjvjfdgkj qu` id hmshd Cunny

r`gugfm` di Fjgsòj y qu`k` sjid, d su frmt`rmj y ì k` Lmi`s, qum`gpjfj d pjfj s` fjgvm`rt` `g id nmlurd pdt`rgd k` tjkj ì lrupj.

Lmi`s, ì cmcimjt`fdrmj ièk`r k` vdim`gt`s, `gnr`gtd dk`häs d susprjpmjs k`hjgmjs? ugd tjrtujsd mgndgfmd y dkji`sf`gfmd, jcimldkjd dsuhmr ì k`c`r k` ^mlmidgt`2 sus dôjs k` r`cìkèd qu` iu`lj ijdfjsdrdg sm`gkj dkuitj, p`rs`lumkj adstd Vuggykdi` pjr ìhdiínmfj @tadg. Id `t`rgd iufad pjr lumdr d Cunny, qum`g hufadsv`f`s ij ii`vd d pr`lugtdrs` sm r`dih`gt` ìid ij g`f`smtd, y

jcimldkj pjr jtrj idkj d v`rid fd`r smg pjk`r i`vdgtdrs`, y gjpjk`r adf`r hufaj pjr k`vjiv`rid di fdhmgj mgkmfdkj.

Ady ugd ípjfd fudgkj ì ndisj cmcimjt`fdrmj dpdr`f`sjrpr`smvdh`gt` fdrldkj k` a`famf`rèd y fjgnmrhd qu`, `g `n`ftj,nu` su pidg qu` id hdlmd cu`gd dcsjrcmkd k` íi pjr id hdivdkd\miijw mgy`ftdrd `g ìid id cjgkdk pdrd `gfjgtrdr ì fdhmgj d sufjrdzög fjg ugd `stmhuidfmög `xt`rgd.

Jtrj s`r hdiínmfj, ì Urmh`rj, `s ì hdi prmhml`gmj qu` sm`hpr` admgniu`gfmdkj di hugkj, ì hdi `g su `stdkj purj. Fjhj prmh`r





4>3

ijs fdsjs, d hdtdr d dilum`g, fjg id hjgturd k` sus dgt`jojs`qumimcrdkd hmidlrjsdh`gt` `g id pugtd k` id gdrmz y tjkds ids

nrustrdfmjg`s k` su vmkd r`niòdkds `g ì fuìij k` id vmòd fdhmsdy ì gukj trmst` k` id fjrcdtd. @st` `s ug ajhcr` fuitj, dlrdkdci`y vdim`gt`, d qum`g nèsmfdh`gt` s`rèd kmnèfmi mlgjrdr pjrqu`, fjhjk`fèdg ids tèds, `s ugd `stdhpd. V` hu`strd fjhj ug `rukmtj`xtrdjrkmgdrmj, tdgtj qu` s` tjrgd `xdl`rdkd su mgfr`èci`fdpdfmkdk k` dihdf`gdr fjgjfmhm`gtjs, qu` dk`häs, pu`k`dpimfdr `g ì hjh`gtj oustj d ugd vìjfmkdk k` prjf`sdhm`gtjsup`rmjr d id k` fudiqum`r auhdgj. Dilÿg k`n`ftj k`cèd t`g`r.

Vu vmkd fjhj dkuitj fjhm`gzd ì kèd qu` r`fmc` ug sjcr` hälmfj,`sfrmtj fjg i`trds k` iuz qu` dpdr`f`g d h`kmkd qu` dvdgzd idi`fturd kì t`xtj, s`hòdgt` d id mgvmtdfmög qu` Adrry Ujtt`r r`fmc`k` Ajwldrts, ì fji`lmj pdrd hdljs, söij qu` ístd `s ugd jn`rtdk` `hpi`j pdrd ug fdrlj k` pr`stmlmj `g id Cmcimjt`fdH`trjpjimtdgd k` Gu`vd ]jrb, d kjgk` k`c`rä pr`s`gtdrs` pdrdugd `gtr`vmstd, pr`smkmkd pjr Fadri``g`, dilj dsè fjhj id O`n` k`jp`rdfmjg`s k` id cmcimjt`fd, ºS`fu`rkdg d ‐H„ k` Odh`s Cjgk:

y Odfbsjg, ug p`rsjgdo` häs qu` hmst`rmjsj, prjcdci`h`gt` ìKmr`ftjr, fdpdz k` dpdr`f`r y k`sdpdr`f`r `g ug mgstdgt` `gfudiqum`r iuldr kì pidg`td j `g id pdgtdiid k` ug tì`vmsjr, qu`dtrdvm`sd hurjs y fjiuhgds fjhj sm nu`rdg jco`tjs mghdt`rmdi`s,qu` gj sm`gt` hm`kj di `gnr`gtdrs`, d puôj imhpmj, fjgtrdfudiqum`r fdgtmkdk k` dgtmsjfmdi`s y ii`vd `g ì p`faj ug tdtudo`k` hdrmg`, ì fudi hu`strd fjg jrluiij hm`gtrds `xfidhd? ‐V`hp`rnmkìms„.

-‐ºTuí i` mgkuf` d p`gsdr qu` pjkrèd s`r cmcimjt`fdrmj:„ -‐Cu`gj… a` i`èkj hufajs imcrjs2 Fjgjzfj id Cmcimjt`fd kìFjglr`sj, hítjkjs k` mgv`stmldfmög, cÿsqu`kd `g id r`k, hdgòjprjlrdhds `sp`fmdimzdkjs y…„ -‐¡@sj ij sdc`g tjkjs! Vjg cmcimjt`fdrmjs. ºUjr quí rdzög fr``qu` pu`k` s`r ‐ì„ cmcimjt`fdrmj:„. ‐ºTuí `s häs mhpjrtdgt` qu`ì fjgjfmhm`gtj:„.

-‐Dfdcd k` mgmfmdr ugd dv`gturd hdrdvmiijsd y… yd gugfd s`rä ìhmshj. ¡Cm`gv`gmkj d id cmcimjt`fd!„



4>6

Dsè fjhm`gzd id gu`vd y v`rkdk`rd vmkd k` Nimgg Fdrsjg, ìcmcimjt`fdrmj, fjg ugd mgkuffmög d id cmcimjt`fd d trdvís k`

sdijg`s mgh`gsjs, fjg ludrkmds drhdkjs qu` vmlmidg pu`rtds yrmgfjg`s dk`häs k` `sfjitdrij `g ì r`fjrrmkj.

Vu fjgjfmhm`gtj k` Vadb`sp`dr` i` p`rhmt` df`rtdr fjg ì‐Vu`ôj k` ugd gjfa` k` v`rdgj„, imcrj qu` di hjv`rs` dcr` idmgnditdci` fjhpu`rtd s`fr`td `g id `stdgt`rèd, qu` kd dff`sj djtrjs h`fdgmshjs jfuitjs, `g `st` fdsj ug dsf`gsjr qu`k`sfm`gk` gj sdc`hjs fuägtj, adstd ug sdiög lmldgt`sfj `gkjgk` s` fjgs`rvd y prjt`l` ugd fji`ffmög hètmfd qu` ìcmcimjt`fdrmj `grmqu`f` dÿg häs fjg ijs jco`tjs k` näcuidr`sfdtdkjs `g fuhpimhm`gtj k` sus pìmlrjsds hmsmjg`s? ì Drfdk` id Dimdgzd, id fdod k` Udgkjrd, id `spdkd @xfdimcur qu`p`rt`g`fm`rd di S`y Drturj, fjg tjkj y pm`krd, id Ldgsd k` ijsau`vjs k` jrj dsè fjhj prjtjtmpjs k` `qumpjs hmimtdr`s, tjkj

ougtj d `gjrh`s `stdgt`rèds r`pi`tds k` jrmlmgdi`s k` vdimjsjsimcrjs, tdgtj mhpr`sjs fjhj hdgusfrmtjs. ] `g pjst`rmjr`smglr`sjs d ids fähdrds k`sfucrmrä gu`vjs ì`h`gtjs fjhj id

fdc`zd k` H`kusd, ì trmk`gt` k` Ujs`mkög, id Väcdgd sdgtd k`[urèg, id nidutd kì kmjs Udg, id Um`krd nmijsjndi, id Nu`gt` k` id ouv`gtuk, ì fjnr` k` Cdrcd g`lrd, ì kmdrmj k` Kd ^mgfm, ì VdgtjLrmdi y hufajs häs.

@g su prmh`rd hmsmög r`fup`rd ’Id idgzd p`rkmkd‘, tdhcmígiidhdkd Idgzd kì k`stmgj, gdkd h`gjs qu` id `hpi`dkd pdrda`rmr ì fjstdkj k` Frmstj kurdgt` id frufmnmxmög y qu` pu`k`jtjrldr d qum`g id pjs`d, tdgtj pjk`r qu` kjhmgdrèd ì hugkj,

rdzög sunmfm`gt` pdrd qu` nu`rd rjcdkd pjr id A`rhdgkdk k` ids`rpm`gt`2 @g id s`lugkd, ’Ids hmgds kì S`y Vdijhög‘, ijlrdjct`g`r pdrd id fji`ffmög k` id cmcimjt`fd id Fdidv`rd k` frmstdi,p`rkmkd `g id Dtiägtmkd, sdivd pdrd sm`hpr` ì t`sjrj kì S`yVdijhög y k`struy` su imcrj j fökmlj fjg ids mgstruffmjg`s pdrdii`ldr adstd ids ndcuijsds hmgds. Häs tdrk`, di nmgdimzdr sudv`gturd fjgtrd ijs vdhpmrjs k` ’Id hdikmfmög kì fäimz k` Oukds‘ y`grmqu`f`r ì hus`j k` id cmcimjt`fd fjg ì hälmfj fäimz ndcrmfdkj

d pdrtmr k` ids tr`mgtd hjg`kds k` pidtd qu` nu`rdg pdldkds dOukds pjr su trdmfmög d O`sÿs, k`sfucrmrä qu` ijs k`pösmtjs k` idcmcimjt`fd sjg tdg lrdgk`s fjhj nu`r` g`f`sdrmj, di pugtj k`



4>;

dic`rldr, smg mhpjrtdr ids kmh`gsmjg`s, ì Drfd k` Gjí, ug pidtmiijvjidkjr y jtrjs t`sjrjs qu` id fm`gfmd ad fjgsmk`rdkj

mg`xmst`gt`s, smhpi` y iidgd nmffmög j prjkuftj k` id hmtjijlèdpjpuidr.

-‐Vöij ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs sdc`g qu` `xmst` `st` iuldr. @st` `s suk`stmgj. Dajr d `s ì ludrkmäg k` ijs lrdgk`s t`sjrjs„. -‐@g sus hdgjs `stä ì k`stmgj kì hugkj„.

º] k` qumíg sm gj: Id amstjrmd, id fm`gfmd, id nmijsjnèd, ì drt` y ìfjgjfmhm`gtj, gj pjkrèdg `stdr `g hòjr`s hdgjs qu` `g ids kìcmcimjt`fdrmj. Dsè qu` fjg ugd hjfamid, k` id fudi gj vjiv`rä ds`pdrdrs` y `g id qu` ii`vd ug imcrj qu` fjgtm`g` ì i`gludo` kìds dv`s, ì prmh`r mkmjhd k` id auhdgmkdk y qu` k`c`räk`sfmnrdr `g ugds fudgtds ajrds, pdrt` `g pjs k` id ndhjsd idgzdkì k`stmgj. @i imcrj `gfm`rrd ids pmstds pdrd ijfdimzdr ijsnrdlh`gtjs k` id idgzd sdlrdkd2 ì prmh`rj nu` rjcdkj k` idcmcimjt`fd2 ì s`lugkj, jfuitj `g dilÿg mgdff`smci` iuldr k` idsìvd dhdzögmfd y ì t`rf`rj `g Vadglrm-Id, fmukdk ndcuijsd

jfuitd `g ijs hjgt`s Amhdidyd. Ujr supu`stj qu` ijs frmhmgdi`stdhcmíg p`rsmlu`g ì imcrj.

Id s`rm` fjhpi`td `s ugd vmgkmfdfmög di cu`g gjhcr` kì jnmfmj.@s ugd `xditdfmög di cmcimjt`fdrmj fjhj ajhcr`, gj ÿgmfdh`gt` did mgtìml`gfmd gm d id sdcmkurèd, smgj di fjgougtj k` vdijr`s qu`mgt`lrdg id p`rsjgd? fjrdo`, i`ditdk, ajg`stmkdk, dilj k`mgl`gumkdk, cu`g auhjr y s`gfmii`z, `g id h`kmkd oustd pdrd s`rug auhdgj… gjrhdi, qu` fjhj id hdyjrèd, d h`gukj s` sm`gt`

sjimtdrmj y g`f`smtdkj k` dhjr. Dquè gj ady `sf`gds kìcmcimjt`fdrmj imhpmdgkj ì pjivj k` ijs dgdquì`s gm hjhmnmfdkj`g ug `sfrmtjrmj, k`kmfdkj d fidsmnmfdr, fdtdijldr y pjg`r sìijs, js`hmjfuitj trds ug hjstrdkjr r`fmcm`gkj y `gtr`ldgkj imcrjs,fjhj tdhpjfj s` v`rä `g ids sdids k` i`fturd `hp`ôdkj `g id`kufdfmög, adrtj kmnèfmi, k` oöv`g`s y vmòjs d qum`g`s `xml`ludrkdr smi`gfmj j trdsidkdrs` fjg sus dpdsmjgdkds pdròds diuldr`s häs dk`fudkjs. Vu trdcdoj fjgsmst` `g r`fup`rdr y

r`sludrkdr ijs häs lrdgk`s t`sjrjs, r`di`s j nmftmfmjs, k` id rdzdauhdgd. @st` cmcimjt`fdrmj r`pr`s`gtd tjkj ij jpu`stj di g`rk j didgtmluj rdtög k` cmcimjt`fd, pu`stj qu` fjg su mgtìml`gfmd y sus



4>0

dffmjg`s rdtmnmfd id sdcmkurèd k` qum`g ij adyd kmfaj? ‐H`gs sdgdmg fjrpjr` sdgj„.

Jcvmdh`gt` qu` sm ady iuz tm`g` qu` adc`r sjhcrd. Ujr `sjhmshj k`c` `xmstmr id pdrt` jpu`std d ijs vdijr`s y vmrtuk`s. ] ìpjij jpu`stj di cmcimjt`fdrmj cu`gj `s @kwdrk \mik`, ìcmcimjt`fdrmj hdij, qu` smhuiö su hu`rt` pjr k`fdpmtdfmöghm`gtrds fuhpièd ugd hmsmög `g id Dgtärtmkd y `gldôö d tjkjs,mgfiuy`gkj d Gmfji`, su ludrkmdgd j ludrkd`spdikds. Id hmshdGmfji` qu` k`spuís t`gkrä fjhj `gfdrlj id fustjkmd y s`lurmkdkk` Nimgg?-‐V`lurj qu` tm`g` gjvmd ºà: Fjg dgt`jojs lrdgk`s, ndikd idrld,y i` adf` v`r hufajs kjfuh`gtdi`s suctmtuidkjs„.

Kmnèfmi rjhp`r `st` pdrdkmlhd kì cmcimjt`fdrmj, mgfiuy`gkj su`gtjrgj sjfmj dn`ftmvj. Vm gj `s ug sjimtdrmj, k`c` t`g`r ugdpdròd cm`g n`d.

Id adcmtdfmög k` Nimgg `g fdsd k` su hdkr` `stä r`pi`td k` imcrjs2

`g dgdquì`s, sjcr` ids smiids, `g fdods y `g ì suìj. Vm`hpr`dhjrjsd y pr`jfupdkd pjr `std ijfurd, su hdkr` pr`lugtd?-‐ºHäs imcrjs:„ -‐@stjs gj sjg imcrjs fjrrm`gt`s? Drmstötì`s, ^jitdmr`, ]jugl. @stjsimcrjs sjg… r`cdgdkds k` `xqumsmtd v`rkdk, s`rvmkds pjr ijs häslrdgk`s p`gsdkjr`s ¡] h` adcidg d hè!-‐º[` adcidg d tm:„ -‐Fjg vjz huy fidrd„ -‐¡[` kmf`g qu` adlds fjsds hdids! º[` `stäg kmfm`gkj qu`

qu`h`s fjsds: ¡Gugfd `sfufa`s d ijs imcrjs sm t` kmf`g qu`qu`h`s fjsds j qu` tjrtur`s dgmhdi`s!„

¡Tuí sjrpr`sd! @i hm`kj d ijs imcrjs sm`hpr` pr`s`gt` `g ijshdyjr`s2 `sp`fmdih`gt` `g gu`strds hdkr`s. Tumzäs dilugjsdkuitjs r`fu`rk`g fm`rtjs pdsdo`s k` id mgndgfmd y ids pdidcrds k`sus dcuìjs? ‐Gj `gtr`s d id cmcimjt`fd, gj tjqu`s ijs imcrjs, gjrdy`s gdkd2 ijs gmôjs gj pu`k`g fjl`r id Vdlrdkd Cmcimd.

Pgmfdh`gt` ijs lrdgk`s, k`spuís k` r`zdr ug ]j p`fdkjr y ugUdkr` gu`strj„.



4>>

] di nmgdi k` id amstjrmd, id hdkr` sm`hpr` pr`jfupdkd pjr idsjit`rèd, y supu`stdh`gt` ì fìmcdtj k` su amoj, fjgtmgÿd

cusfägkji` gjvmd?-‐Nimgg `s cmcimjt`fdrmj… p`rj `s fdpdz k` adf`r hufads fjsds„. -‐Hdhä… tÿ gj ij `gtm`gk`s, p`rj s`r cmcimjt`fdrmj `s ug trdcdoj`xtrdjrkmgdrmj„.

@g id s`lugkd `gtr`ld k` id s`rm` r`fup`rd id fdidv`rd k` frmstdiy, lrdfmds di hdpd k` Vdijhög, jct`gmkj k` kmr`ftjsk`sf`gkm`gt`s k` ijs ludrkmdg`s, `gfu`gtrd ids ndcuijsds hmgdskì r`y cècimfj, `g kjgk`, `gtr` ojyds y t`sjrjs k` vdijrmgfdifuidci`, k`sfucr` ì imcrj kì ‐Líg`sms„, ijs ‐U`rldhmgjs kìHdr Hu`rtj„ y ì ‐Imcrj k` Vdijhög„, qu` ludrkd ì fjgjfmhm`gtjpdrd jct`g`r ì pjk`r sjcr` tm`hpj y `spdfmj, fuyd i`fturd `g idFähdrd k` ijs hu`rtjs, ucmfdkd `g ids hmgds, p`rhmt` fjgvjfdr dijs `spèrmtus y dcrmr ì pjrtdi adfmd fudiqum`r ípjfd `g fudiqum`riuldr, rdzög pjr id fudi `s cusfdkj pjr ijs p`jr`s hdivdkjs,pu`stj qu` ijs s`fr`tjs k` su pjk`r i`s p`rhmtmrèdg dpjk`rdrs`kì hugkj.

@gnur`fmkj pjrqu` gj ad pjkmkj qumtdri` ì imcrj, ì o`n` k` ijsdgtmsjfmdi`s, qum`g r`suitd s`r, dk`häs, ì ds`smgj kì pdkr` k`Nimgg, i` lrmtd, s` supjg` qu` fjhj ugd jn`gsd?-‐¡K`c`rèds vjiv`r d tu trdcdoj k` dhjgtjgdr imcrjs!„ -‐Gj sdc`s ij qu` s` dpr`gk` `g ugd cmcimjt`fd„ -‐¡Psd ì imcrj, Nimgg, t`rhmgd k` i``r ì fjgourj!

@i `t`rgj k`sfjgjfmhm`gtj kì jnmfmj y k` id prjn`smög. ] di nmgdi,

sm`hpr` pr`s`gt`s, ì imcrj, id i`fturd, ì pjk`r k` id sdcmkurèd`gf`rrdkd `gtr` sus ajods, gj söij `g ijs imcrjs dgtmlujs. Ujr `sjNimgg, ì cmcimjt`fdrmj, s` v` mg`vmtdci`h`gt` jcimldkj d k`strumrijdrrjoägkjij di nu`lj kì vjifäg. Häs tdrk`, di kmsfuipdrs` dgtÒdfbsjg, ì hmst`rmjsj kmr`ftjr, jctm`g` fjhj r`spu`std?-‐Hufads v`f`s k`c`s r`gugfmdr d ij qu` qum`r s pjr ug cm`ghdyjr. @sd `s id kmn`r`gfmd `gtr` ug cu`g cmcimjt`fdrmj y ugcmcimjt`fdrmj l`gmdi„.

Id ÿitmhd `gfjhm`gkd qu` r`fmc` ì cmcimjt`fdrmj `s idr`fup`rdfmög kì Fäimz k` Oukds, ì fudi tm`g` id vmrtuk k` r`sufmtdr



4><

d ijs vdhpmrjs, mgfiuy`gkj di häs lrdgk` y t`rrmci` k` tjkjs? ìFjgk` Kräfuid, rdzög k` häs pdrd ii`vdr trds k` sè d ijs p`jr`s

`x-dl`gt`s k` id L`stdpj, qu` su`ôdg fjg pjs``r ì kjhmgmj kìhugkj dpjydkjs pjr ug òírfmtj k` vdhpmrjs2 fm`gtjs k` hmi`s k`vdhpmrjs.

Hm`gtrds trdtd k` r`fup`rdr id Um`krd nmijsjndi, Nimgg pm`rk` d sut`rf`rd j fudrtd gjvmd pjr fdusd k` sus hmsmjg`s mgt`hp`stmvds `mg`vmtdci`s?-‐¡Adf` ugd ajrd t`gèdhjs ugd fmtd pdrd f`gdr!„-‐@stjy `g ì Fjglr`sj k` cmcimjt`fdrmjs. @i s`hmgdrmj s` adprjijgldkj… yd sdc`s ij qu` pdsd fudgkj s` ougtd ug lrupj k`cmcimjt`fdrmjs pdrd adcidr…„ -‐Vm`hpr` sdi`s fjrrm`gkj pdrd ug fjglr`sj j ug fiuc k` imcrjs.Tumzäs adyd huo`r`s d ids qu` i`s lust` ì s`gtmkj fdötmfj k` vmvmrfjg ug cmcimjt`fdrmj ¡U`rj gj d hè!„.

Dk`häs k` h`gtmr, fjhj fudiqum`r s`r auhdgj, jfdsmjgd `g ijsjtrjs `st` lrdv` k`sfjgfm`rtj vmvm`gkj ugd vmkd tjtdih`gt`

kmstmgtd d id qu` gjs mhdlmgdhjs. ] gj `xmst` oustmnmfdfmög dilugdpdrd qu` dcdgkjg` d su pdròd, smg mhpjrtdr id ajrd kì kèd j kìd gjfa`, pjr ugd rùgmög k` cmcimjt`fdrmjs j fudiqum`r `v`gtj fjgugjs smhpi`s imcrjs. @g fudiqum`r fdsj, s`rèd kmn`r`gt` sm s` trdtdrdk` ug híkmfj, `gn`rh`rd, dcjldkj, drqumt`ftj j mgl`gm`rj.

Dnjrtugdkdh`gt` gj `stä sjij. Vus fjhpr`gsmvjs o`n`s, Odfbsjg yFadri``g`, ij fjgsuìdg `g id cmcimjt`fd?-‐Nimgg, ij sm`gtj, p`rj ‐@i„ cmcimjt`fdrmj gj `s sjidh`gt` ug`hpi`j. @s tjkd tu vmkd. Id cmcimjt`fd… ijs c mcimjt`fdrmjs y ids

rìdfmjg`s… söij fjgsmkírdt` fjhj ug hjgo` fíimc`„.

¡ºDa:!

K` r`hdt`, id curid k` ijs frmhmgdi`s?-‐¡ Dsè qu` ust`k `s Nimgg Fdrsjg, k` id Cmcimjt`fd H`trjpjimtdgd k`Gu`vd ]jrb! ºD quí ad v`gmkj dquè2 d cusfdr imcrjs gjk`vuìtjs:„

] kì hmshèsmhj Kräfuid, fudgkj dh`gdzd fjg ds`smgdr dVmhjg`, id a`rjègd?



4>1

-‐Vm i` adf` kdôj i` ourj qu`…„ -‐ºH` quí: ºH` r`tmrdrä hm fdrg`t k` id cmcimjt`fd:„

-‐K`cj dkv`rtmri` qu` sjy ì cmcimjt`fdrmj k` v`rkdk. A` fjhcdtmkjì hdi `g hufads njrhds, dsè qu` tm`g` hufad rdzög `g t`g`rhm`kj.-‐Ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs s` rjhp`g näfmih`gt`… p`rj tm`g`g cu`gsdcjr„

Udr`f` qu` mgfiusmv` ijs adcmtdgt`s kì uitrdhugkj `stägfjgv`gfmkjs k` qu` id idcjr `s`gfmdi kì cmcimjt`fdrmj `sr`fup`rdr imcrjs `g hjrd pjr v`gfmhm`gtj `g id n`fad k`k`vjiufmög y qu` su p`jr v`gldgzd, j pjk`r, fjgtrd ijs k`häs,fjgsmst` `g ì dftj, smhpi` ` mgjfuj, k` r`tmrdri` ug fdrg`t pdrdqu` gj pu`kd usdr id cmcimjt`fd kurdgt` ug tm`hpj k`t`rhmgdkj.Vu iufad fjgtrd ì hdi k` id mlgjrdgfmd gj `s vmsmci` gm tdglmci`.Udrd ì fjhÿg k` id l`gt` y d trdvís k` ijs smlijs pdsdk`sdp`rfmcmkd fjhj ug trdcdoj rì`ldkj d p`rsjgds nrälmi`s qu`gugfd pjkräg s`r jtrd fjsd, gj jcstdgt` d v`f`s s`d g`f`sdrmjdfukmr d ìids, fjhj amzj Vmhjg`, id vdhpmr`sd?

-‐[ÿ vmgmst` `g hm su`ôj2 `stdcds pmkm`gkj dyukd„ -‐¡Vè! Di cmcimjt`fdrmj„ -‐U`rj ºFöhj fjgjf`s id cmcimjt`fd:„ -‐Ijs vdhpmrjs fjgjf`hjs id cmcimjt`fd. Ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs ii`vdg`g ì hugkj fdsm tdgtj tm`hpj fjhj gjsjtrjs„.

Vm s` trdtd k` tjhdr ì idkj cu`gj k` ids fjsds, dquè ady tr`sdsp`ftjs pjsmtmvjs, pu`stjs sjcr` id h`sd pjr s`r`s mghjrtdi`squ` r`fjgjf`g? id dgtmlù`kdk k` id prjn`smög cmcimjt`fdrmd, id

g`f`smkdk k` dfukmr di cmcimjt`fdrmj `g cusfd k` dyukd y… cu`gj,dquìij kì sdcjr, qu` mgkukdci`h`gt` adf` r`n`r`gfmd dmglr`km`gt`s tdi`s fjhj mgtìml`gfmd, fjgjfmhm`gtjs, dhdcmimkdk,cu`g auhjr y, `g hufajs fdsjs, ì`ldgfmd y cìi`zd `g idskdhds, pjrt` y dtrdftmvj `g ijs fdcdii`rjs.

-‐@std pmgturd `s k` dgt`s k` ids Fruzdkds. S`pr s`gtd id `t`rgdcdtdiid k` id cmcimjt`fd fjgtrd ì hdi„

-‐@i sèhcjij kì `sfukj `s ì ärcji kì fjgjfmhm`gtj ºTumíg `s ìfdcdii`rj:„



4>=

-‐@s ug `rukmtj. @i cmcimjt`fdrmj häs lrdgk` k` tjkjs. Id i`y`gkdkmf` qu` fjgstruyö id cmcimjt`fd y `s ì ludrkmäg k` sus s`fr`tjs.

Vu gjhcr` `s ]daukd„ -‐]daukd `s a`cr`j. @s ì gjhcr` a`cr`j k`… ¡Odfbsjg!„

Id mhdl`g nmgdi hu`strd id cmcimjt`fd fjhj ugd s`rm` k` fdhmgjs,ugjs sjcr` jtrjs `g kmn`r`gt`s gmvì`s, tjkjs pjr drrmcd kì dlud`g kjgk` gdkdg ugjs kìnmg`s, hm`gtrds @i cmcimjt`fdrmj y Odfbsjgadcidg df`rfd kì ärcji kì fjgjfmhm`gtj.-‐ºAds p`gsdkj `g sm s`lumräs sm`gkj ì cmcimjt`fdrmj j gj:„ -‐Dilum`g huy `sp`fmdi h` kmoj qu` k`c`rèd s`r ij qu` sjy„.

’@i cmcimjt`fdrmj‘

Ujr su pdrt`, ’Vdid k` i`fturd‘ `s ugd pìèfuid r`dimzdkd`xfiusmvdh`gt` pdrd tì`vmsmög6> y r`nm`r` ì fdsj k` Aì`gFdhpcìi, qum`g di ndii`f`r kòd d su hdrmkj, \miimdh, ugd p`tmfmöghuy `sp`fmdi. Vu ÿitmhj k`s`j, fjgv`rtmr ug dcdgkjgdkj `kmnmfmj

6> Vdid k` i`fturd. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//www.sjijsuctmtuijs.fjh/k`sfdrldr-suctmtuijs/p4;41=.athi

(Fjgsuitd? 3< Jftucr` 3545)

http://www.solosubtitulos.com/descargar-subtitulos/p14189.html




4<5

k` su prjpm`kdk `g ugd cmcimjt`fd pdrd id fjhugmkdk, fjg tjkjsijs imcrjs p`rsjgdi`s qu` ì hdtrmhjgmj adcèd fji`ffmjgdkj.

Vm cm`g ids fjsds adg fdhcmdkj `g id sjfm`kdk y ijs vdijr`s gjsjg ijs hmshjs qu` dôjs dträs, \miimdh gj s` kd pjr v`gfmkj yadf` tjkj ij pjsmci` pdrd qu` `std fjhugmkdk mgn`ftdkd pjr ìfrmh`g, pu`kd r`fup`rdr ì r`sp`tj adfmd sus hm`hcrjs.

Jtrds pr`s`gtdfmjg`s k` tì`vmsmög fjrr`spjgk`g d fdpètuijsdmsidkjs, p`rt`g`fm`gt`s d s`rm`s qu` dcdrfdg t`hds do`gjs dihugkj k` ijs imcrjs y ids cmcimjt`fds, `gtr` ìids ’ºI` t`h`s d id

jsfurmkdk:‘ `g ì fdpètuij ’Id cmcimjt`fdrmd smi`gfmjsd‘.

-‐Fudgkj ijs hdyjr`s pmk`g smi`gfmj, pmk`g ug mhpjsmci`. @ismi`gfmj tjtdi gj `xmst`. Vm`hpr` ady dilj qu` adf` rumkj. Hm`gtrdsady vmkd, ady sjgmkj„.

Id s`rm` trdtd k` ug lrupj k` oöv`g`s qu` s` r`ÿg` `g ì cjsqu` yfdkd gjfa`, ougtj d id njldtd, gdrrdg amstjrmds k` t`rrjr fjg ì

prjpösmtj k` cusfdr `hjfmjg`s y kmv`rtmrs` d fjstd k` fdusdr ìhdyjr hm`kj pjsmci` `g ijs k`häs. Fdkd amstjrmd fjgstmtuy` ugfdpètuij fjg drluh`gtj mgk`p`gkm`gt` y vdhjs d k`t`g`rgjs `gugj, pjrqu` k`nmgmtmvdh`gt` `s `sp`fmdi pdrd gu`strj fdsj? ’ Id

cmcimjt`fdrmd smi`gfmjsd‘ qu` rìdtd id dv`gturd k` ugd pdròd k`gmôjs qu` dfuk`g d id cmcimjt`fd pdrd r`dimzdr ug trdcdoj `sfjidrpjr pdròds. Jivmkdkj `g ì sötdgj ug fudk`rgj k` dgjtdfmjg`s,Idurm` (@i tíhpdgj) Gdpm`r y su fjhpdô`rj k` sdiög, Odf`(Ludp`rds), s` v`g jcimldkjs d r`lr`sdr pjr id gjfa`, fudgkj id

cmcimjt`fd `stä f`rrdkd. Di mglr`sdr pjr ugd v`gtdgd `gfu`gtrdgsjrpr`gkmkjs qu` ì `kmnmfmj `s kmn`r`gt` di k` id cmcimjt`fd qu`fjgjf`g y `g ì fudi `stuvm`rjg `sd hdôdgd. K`sfucr`g, k`träsk` ug `stdgt`, fidvdkj `g id pdr`k ug dihdgdqu` kì dôj 4=45,jfa`gtd dôjs dgt`s, y ugd pu`rtd `g id fudi ady ug fdrtì qu`kmf`? ‐Vmi`gfmj - Vdid k` i`fturd„. @g ì mgt`rmjr s` `gfu`gtrdgr`fiumkjs gmôjs smg vjz, päimkjs, `gvuìtjs `g tìdrdôds, jcimldkjsd i``r `t`rgdh`gt` k` hdg`rd smi`gfmjsd. Adg smkj `gf`rrdkjs

fjhj fdstmlj pjr adf`r rumkj `g id cmcimjt`fd y su fdrfì`rd `s iddt`rrdkjrd ‐cmcimjt`fdrmd smi`gfmjsd„, qu` vdld pjr id cmcimjt`fd fjgug fjnr` `g ì qu` ludrkd ijs lrmtjs y ids vjf`s k` ijs fdstmldkjs



4<4

y s` `hp`ôd `g ugd mhpidfdci` p`rs`fufmög k` ijs kjs gmôjs dtrdvís k` pdsmiijs k`sfjgjfmkjs, pu`stj qu` gj fjrr`spjgk`g d id

cmcimjt`fd qu` ìijs v`g y vmsmtdg kurdgt` ì kèd.

-‐¡@g id cmcimjt`fd gj s` adcid!„ -‐@g hm Vdid k` i`fturd ady ug smi`gfmj s`puifrdi„ -‐¡Ijs gmôjs qu` adf`g rumkj `g id cmcimjt`fd h`r`f`g ug fdstmlj!„ Vjg ids dh`gdzds k` id cmcimjt`fdrmd ndgtdshd hm`gtrds dfjsd dIdurm` y Odf` `spdgtägkjijs dÿg häs fjg sus t`g`crjsdsfdrfdodkds.

U`rj `g ijs fu`gtjs y `g ids pìèfuids ijs gmôjs trmugndg, fdsmsm`hpr`. Dsè qu` prjkuf`g tdgtj rumkj qu` ì fjnr`, sdturdkj, s`rjhp` `g hmi p`kdzjs y ì ndgtdshd k` id vmòd cmcimjt`fdrmd s`k`svdg`f` `g h`kmj k` ugd guc`. Vöij qu`kdg `g ì suìj, fjhjugd mhdl`g qu` `str`h`f`, sus dgt`jojs k` i`gt`s dzui`s. Ijsÿitmhjs gmôjs k`sdpdr`fmkjs r`fup`rdg id vjz y sjg imc`rdkjs

ougtj fjg jtrjs hufajs, mhpièfmtdh`gt` ndii`fmkjs tm`hpj dträs.

Ijs prjtdljgmstds dcdgkjgdg id sdid smg pr`stdr dt`gfmög d ug`gjrh` r`trdtj p`gkm`gt` sjcr` ijs nmfa`rjs fdtdijlränmfjs. @s idmhdl`g kì ndgtdshd, fjg su trdo` d id hjkd k` id ípjfd,mgfiusmv` fjg sus dgt`jojs dzui`s, y ugd pidfd kjrdkd `g id qu`pu`k` i``rs`? ‐H`rfy HfLr`ljr, Cmcimjt`fdrmd o`n`„.

Gu`vdh`gt` `g ì cjsqu`, id fu`gt`rd k` turgj t`rhmgd suamstjrmd y pr`lugtd sm dilugj k` ijs hufadfajs qum`r`dfjhpdôdrid d k`vjiv`r ugjs imcrjs k` id cmcimjt`fd. [jkjs, smg

`xf`pfmög, s` k`spmk`g dpr`surdkdh`gt` y drluh`gtdg qu` `sk`hdsmdkj tdrk` y k`c`g vjiv`r d fdsd. Id gdrrdkjrd sjgrè` y`xfidhd sdtmsn`fad?-‐¡Vè!„

Adcèd fuhpimkj su jco`tmvj. S`t`g`r id dt`gfmög k` sus dhmljs y`spdgtdrijs fjhj gdkm` häs ij adcrèd a`faj. Vm s` aucm`rdtrdtdkj k` ug fjgfursj, adcrèd smg kukd ldgdkj fjg dhpimd

v`gtdod.



4<3

’ Id cmcimjt`fdrmd smi gfmjsd‘

@gvmkmdci` id ndgtästmfd mhdlmgdfmög kì lumjgmstd, dugqu`,k`nmgmtmvdh`gt` mhpjsmci` pjg`rij `g kukd, gj `rd ug cmcimjt`fdrmj.@s fjhj sm id amstjrmd aucm`rd smkj `sfrmtd pjr ug `stukmdgt` k`dquìijs qu` gugfd pmsdg id cmcimjt`fd y qu` sm ii`ldrdg d `gtrdr,jcimldkjs, pdsdg pjr `gfmhd k` tjkds ids gjrhds `sfrmtds y idsqu` gj, `xpièfmtds ` mhpièfmtds, mgh`rsds `g ì fjhpjrtdhm`gtjsjfmdi iölmfj k` ids p`rsjgds k`f`gt`s y `kufdkds. Id mhdl`g kìd cmcimjt`fd, dt`rrdkjrd2 id mhdl`g k` ids cmcimjt`fdrmds,`spìuzgdgt`.

ºFöhj s` s`gtmrä ug gmôj j ugd gmôd iu`lj k` v`r `std pìèfuid,fudgkj t`gld g`f`smkdk, u jcimldfmög, k` dsmstmr d ugd cmcimjt`fd:[di v`z s` adyd fuhpimkj ì jco`tmvj fmg`hdtjlränmfj? kmstrd`r,kmv`rtmr, fdusdr hm`kj y `hjfmög `g ì `sp`ftdkjr. Gj jcstdgt`, ìh`gsdo` d ijs oöv`g`s y d ijs gmôjs `s tjtdih`gt` g`ldtmvj. Id`gs`ôdgzd, iòjs k` s`r ‐Gj adci`g `g id cmcimjt`fd„, `s ‐¡Gjvdydg d id cmcimjt`fd. Id cmcimjt`fd `s pìmlrjsd. Diiè ady l`gt`hdid!„.

U`rj gdkd p`jr qu` id s`rm` p`rudgd ’ Id pdmsdgd Odfmgtd‘, `g sufdpètuij tmtuidkj ’@i mgfugdci`‘.



4<6

Odfmgtd `s ugd hmlrdgt` qu` r`fjrr` id fdpmtdi `g cusfdk` trdcdoj. @g sus dgkdgzds `gfu`gtrd ug imcrj `g ì qu`

r`fjgjf`, pjr ì sìij, qu` p`rt`g`f` d id cmcimjt`fdpÿcimfd ‐@i imcrj k`sajodkj„. V` df`rfd d k`vjiv`r ì imcrj yid cmcimjt`fdrmd i` mgfr`pd qu` id n`fad k` k`vjiufmög `stäv`gfmkd y trdtd k` mhpjg`ri` ug fdstmlj mhpmkmígkji`gu`vjs prístdhjs. Dfidrdkj ì mhpdss`, id cmcimjt`fdrmdpmk` kmsfuipds hm`gtrds adcid `g tjgj k` vjz cdoj y i` pmk`cdodr id vjz. Id pdmsdgd, jc`km`gt`, susurrd pdidcrdsmgmgtìmlmci`s2 id cmcimjt`fdrmd i` pmk` adcidr häs ditj, d ijqu` id pdmsdgd Odfmgtd r`dffmjgd hji`std. Nmgdih`gt` idpdmsdgd s` `xfusd k` gj pjk`r i``r häs pjrqu` k`c`fjgs`lumr trdcdoj y id cmcimjt`fdrmd i` jnr`f` ug pu`stjfjhj duxmimdr k` cmcimjt`fd. @g id jpjrtugmkdk `g qu` idpdmsdgd s` `gfu`gtrd dt`gkm`gkj di pÿcimfj mglr`sdg dsjimfmtdr s`rvmfmj ugd v`k`tt` y ug ajhjs`xudi,l`g`rägkjs` hdijs `gt`gkmkjs `g cds` d pdidcrds k`kjci` s`gtmkj. Id amstjrmd ii`ld d su fièhdx fudgkj Odfmgtdk`sfucr` qu` ì duxmimdr k` imhpm`zd mgt`gtd rjcdr ug

mgfugdci` k` id cmcimjt`fd. @i fdpètuij nmgdimzd fudgkj idpdmsdgd Odfmgtd r`lr`sd kì sdgmtdrmj fjg pim`ljs kìmgfugdci`, ijs dfjhjkd `g id `gfudk`rgdfmög y dfidrd qu`gj utmimzö tjkds ids ajods qu` ii`vö, l`g`rdgkj id r`dffmögdmrdkd k` id cmcimjt`fdrmd.6<

Tumzäs id mgt`gfmög nu` cu`gd, tdi v`z adstd mgjf`gt`. U`rj,`vmk`gt`h`gt`, ì `n`ftj iölmfj `s k` curid y ì h`gsdo` g`ldtmvj,pjrqu` adf` k` id cmcimjt`fd, ids p`rsjgds y ijs hdt`rmdi`s vdimjsjs

ug jco`tj rmsmci`, `vmtdgkj qu` ijs gmôjs, ijs oöv`g`s y dkuitjs gjndhmimdrmzdkjs, dkqum`rdg fjgfm`gfmd df`rfd k` ijs v`rkdk`rjsvdijr`s qu` `gfm`rrdg ids cmcimjt`fds y ijs imcrjs. Urjpmfmd idmlgjrdgfmd y ì vdgkdimshj. ¡Tuí ajrrjr! Id tdi Odfmgtd utmimzd idsajods k` ug mgfugdci` fjhj pdpì tjmi`tt` y ady qum`g s` kmvm`rt`fjg s`hòdgt` dftj k` vuildrmkdk y k` cdrcdrm`. Udrd r`hdtdr, idcmcimjt`fd s` iidhd ‐@i imcrj k`sajodkj„. ¡Tuí tdi! ºUu`k` dilum`g

6< Mhdl`g cmcimjt`fdrmd `g ì fmg`. Jp. Fmt. Uälmgd w`c.



4<;

p`gsdr qu` ístd `s ugd cu`gd `gs`ôdgzd pdrd id mgndgfmd y pdrdijs yd gj tdg gmôjs:

V`rä hòjr fjgs`rvdr `g r`s`rvd id jpmgmög df`rfd kìprjcdci`h`gt` ndhjsj föhmfj qu` `g id fmhd k` su auhjrèstmfdmgspmrdfmög prjkuoj tdi imcr`tj.

] vjiv`hjs d pr`lugtdrgjs? ºUjr quí gjs `gs`ôdrjg d t`g`rhm`kj k` ijs imcrjs, k` ids cmcimjt`fds y k` ids p`rsjgds qu`trdcdodg `g ìids j qu` tm`g`g fudiqum`r fids` k` fjgtdftj fjg ijsimcrjs:



4<0

IJV DSFAM^JV @G @I FMG@

[dhpjfj ijs drfamvjs `sfdpdg d id pdgtdiid fmg`hdtjlränmfd,hjstrdkjs fjhj smhpi`s cjk`lds k` pdpì`s vmòjs j, pjr ìfjgtrdrmj, fjhj iuldr`s kmlgjs k` r`sp`tj, `g kjgk` fudiqum`rfmukdkdgj pu`k` mgv`stmldr fjg `nmfdfmd y smg hji`stmds. @g’ Cdthdg vuìv`‘, Umglùmgj, `xtrdôj p`rsjgdo` qu` surl` k` idsdifdgtdrmiids k` Fmukdk Lötmfd, sjimfmtd p`rhmsj pdrd mgv`stmldr `gì Drfamvj Hugmfmpdi, qumíg`s nu`rjg sus pdkr`s y qumíg `s íihmshj, fjg kmlgmkdk, `g prmvdkj, `g tdgtj qu` Cdthdg, `g id

cdtmfu`vd, r`vmsd drfamvjs k` pr`gsd `g hmfrjnmihs. Mludi suf`k`fjg ’@i p`qu`ôj ^dgyd‘, k` sm`t` u jfaj dôjs, qu` pmk` dyukd dijs hdyjr`s kì jrndgdtj pdrd fjgs`lumr su `xp`km`gt` `g ijsdrfamvjs kì kmr`ftjr. Dsè, tjhd ug f`rtmnmfdkj k` trdsidkj k`sk` ìjrndgdtj dgt`rmjr, d kjgk` s` kmrmlmrä `g cusfd k` mgnjrhdfmög quì` p`rhmtd `gfjgtrdr d su hdkr`.

Mludi qu` `g ì hugkj hdt`rmdi, `g ì fmg` v`hjs drfamvjs k` tjkj

tmpj, mgfiusmv` drfamvjs nug`rdrmjs fjhj ì k` id gmô`rd hälmfd

’Gdggy HfUa``‘, `g fuyjs nmfa`rjs, ì s`ôjr Crjwg, prjpm`tdrmjk` id nug`rdrmd, cusfd ijs r`lmstrjs k` ids gu`vds vmukds, fjhjÿgmfd `sp`rdgzd k` `gfjgtrdr dilugd fjg qum`g fdsdrs` pdrd gjp`rk`r id p`gsmög qu` r`fmc` k` id tèd rmfd y qu` i` p`rhmt` vmvmrföhjkdh`gt` fjg sus sm`t` amojs y häs k` ugd `hpi`dkdkjhístmfd.

@g ug pdmsdo` häs fjijhcmdgj, Nijr`gtmgj Drmzd `s `hpi`dkj pjr

su tèj pdt`rgj, prjpm`tdrmj k` id Fjhpdôèd Niuvmdi kì Fdrmc`. @idrfamvj `s ug `spdfmj gj hdyjr k` prjcdci`h`gt` fudtrj pjrfudtrj y vdrmjs h`trjs k` diturd, j k` prjnugkmkdk, s`lÿg s` hmr`,



4<>

`ghdrfdkj `g ditèsmhds `stdgt`rèds r`pi`tds k` kjfuh`gtjs`hpdstdkjs, hdrfdkjs `g ì ijhj fjg dilÿg fjgt`gmkj qu` s`

supjg` sjg ijs `xp`km`gt`s k` id gdvm`rd y di `gtrdr pjr ugdpu`rtd smtudkd `g id pdrt` ditd, s` v` prjnugkj, huy prjnugkj,jsfurj y sjimtdrmj. [èpmfd id mhdl`g k` ijs drfamvjs `g fudiqum`rpdès k` Dhírmfd idtmgd, gm quí k`fmr `g ugd p`qu`ôd pjcidfmög kìd fjstd dtiägtmfd fjijhcmdgd d prmgfmpmjs kì Vmlij QQ.

@st` Nijr`gtmgj, drfamv`rj rjhägtmfj y `gdhjrdkj, ii`vd ugr`lmstrj h`tökmfj k` ids huo`r`s fjg qum`g`s adf` ’@i dhjr `g ijs

tm`hpjs kì föi`rd‘, `g ì qu` dgjtd ì gÿh`rj fjgs`futmvj k` idnuldz dhdgt`, su gjhcr` y dpìimkj häs ugd cr`v` k`sfrmpfmögp`rsjgdi, dilÿg kdtj qu` i` p`rhmtd r`fjrkdrid pjr sufdrdft`rèstmfd prjpmd?

;<3 Hdrèd Nijrmkd. ^`gk` nijr`s `g ì h`rfdkj.;== Ojs`pamg` [rmjid. Gj sí qumíg `rd `xdftdh`gt`.066 Ldidt`d N`rgägk`z. Gdkd h`hjrdci` qu` fjgtdr. Id

rutmgd `s fjhj ì öxmkj.

^`mgtmtrís dôjs k`spuís k` dquìid ’Frögmfd k` ugd hu`rt`

dgugfmdkd‘, ì ds`smgdtj k` su dhmlj Vdgtmdlj Gdsdr d hdgjs kìjs l`hìjs ^mfdrmj, ì kjftjr Frmstj C`kjyd vmsmtd ij qu` jtrjrdnu`rd ì drfamvj kì pu`cij y ij k`sfrmc` k` `std hdg`rd?-‐…Häs k` ug smlij k` `xp`km`gt`s `stdcdg dhjgtjgdkjs `g ìsötdgj kì k`frípmtj `kmnmfmj fjijgmdi qu` nu`rd pjr kjs kèds ìfudrtì l`g`rdi k` Nrdgfms Krdb`.Id pidgtd cdod s` mgugkdcd fjg ì hdr k` i`vd y ijs vjiÿh`g`s

k`sfjsmkjs nijtdcdg `g ids jnmfmgds k`sm`rtds.]j hmshj `xpijrí hufads v`f`s dquì `stdgqu` k` fdusdsp`rkmkds y söij ugd fdsudimkdk h` p`rhmtmö r`sfdtdr 633 pim`ljssdit`dkjs, k` ijs häs k` 055 qu` k`cmö t`g`r ì suhdrmj…„.

^`rkdk`rdh`gt` trmst` ì k`stmgj nmgdi k` gu`strjs drfamvjs `g id Dhírmfd idtmgd, smg mhpjrtdr su `sp`fmdimkdk? oukmfmdi`s,dkhmgmstrdtmvjs, amstörmfjs, dfdkíhmfjs, fiègmfjs j fudi`squm`r

jtrds hjkdimkdk`s qu` pukm`rdg `xmstmr. ] tjkjs fjgjf`hjs cm`gid tdg trmiidkd nrds` k` dkv`rt`gfmd… j fjgs`fu`gfmd? ‐Pg pu`cijsmg drfamvjs `s ug pu`cij smg h`hjrmd„.



4<<

’Frögmfd k` ugd hu`rt` dgugfmdkd‘

Ijs drfamvjs smrv`g tdgtj pdrd k`n`gk`r ijs k`r`fajs fjhj pdrdk`sfucrmr d ijs fuipdci`s. @g ’Fu`stmög k` ajgjr ‘, ugd t`gm`gt` kìd Drhdkd `gfu`gtrd mgfjgsmst`gfmds k` id dkhmgmstrdfmög hmimtdr`g id cds` gjrt`dh`rmfdgd k` Ludgtägdhj, qu` id ii`vdg d

mgv`stmldr `g ijs drfamvjs y fjgjf`r ids mrr`luidrmkdk`s fjh`tmkdspjr ì fjhdgkdgt` k` id cds`. @g ’ @i drfamvj k` Jk`ssd‘, ìp`rmjkmstd U`t`r Hmii`r s` mgvjiufrd fjg ug mhpr`sjr qu` pjs`` ugdrfamvj s`fr`tj, `g ì qu` r`ÿg` ijs `xp`km`gt`s k` tjkjs ijsgdzms d qum`g`s ad prjpjrfmjgdkj mk`gtmkdk`s ndisds. @g ’ @i

mgnjrh` Uìèfdgj‘, id `stukmdgt` k` k`r`faj, Kdrcy Vadw, adiid `gug drfamvj ids pru`cds qu` fjhprjh`t`g d id FMD y di pr`smk`gt`k` ijs @stdkjs Pgmkjs `g ugd s`rm` k` ajhmfmkmjs. @st` sè qu` `sug drfamvj k` pìèfuid, hjkìj k` jrk`g y k` kjtdfmög. Ijshu`ci`s y ids fdrp`tds sjg gu`vjs, ady i`ftjr`s k` hmfrjnmih yfjhputdkjr`s sunmfm`gt`s pdrd fdusdr `gvmkmd `g hufajsdrfamvjs k` hufajs pdès`s d ij idrlj kì hugkj, y dilj huypdr`fmkj jfurr` `g ’ @i smi`gfmj k` ijs mgjf`gt`s‘, `g ijs drfamvjs k`pr`gsd hmfrjnmihdkd kì NCM, kjgk` id mgv`stmldkjrd Fidrms`Vtdrimgl k`sfucr` ì pdsdkj kì psmföpdtd, j `g ’ @g ì gjhcr` kì

Udkr`‘, fudgkj ugd dcjldkd s` mgt`r`sd `g ì fdsj k` Lmus`pp`Fjgijg y su amoj L`rry, k`t`gmkjs y dfusdkjs k` t`rrjrmshj. D

p`sdr k` ids jpjsmfmjg`s k` id pjimfèd mridgk`sd jctm`g` p`rhmsjk` id Fjrt` pdrd fjgsuitdr ijs drfamvjs, `g ijs fudi`s ijfdimzd ug



4<1

kjfuh`gtj qu` nu` jfuitdkj kurdgt` ì oumfmj pjrqu` r`vìdcd quìd pjimfèd `rd fjrruptd y qu` ijs Fjgijg `rdg mgjf`gt`s.

’@i kèd kì fadfdi‘ r`sditd ì vdijr k` ijs kjfuh`gtjsk` r`lmstrj fmvmi `g ijs drfamvjs gjtdrmdi`s. @i drfamvj,`g fudgtj tdi, fuhpi` ì hmshj pdpì `g sumhpjrtdgfmd fjhj h`hjrmd k` ijs s`r`s, s`dgcu`gjs j hdijs, oöv`g`s j vmòjs. [dhcmíg `g ’Idnu`rzd kì smi`gfmj‘ ijs drfamvjs sjg hjstrdkjs fjhjsust`gtj k` id r`dimkdk smfmimdgd. @i ljc`rgdkjr`gvmdkj pdrd fjhcdtmr d id hdnmd, k`sfucr` d trdvísk` ijs prjtjfjijs gjtdrmdi`s qumíg`s sjg ijs ku`ôjsk` id tm`rrd y pjr tdgtj kjhmgdg ì fdhpj y supjcidfmög.61

[dhcmíg `g ’ Nmidkìnmd‘ y `g ’ Id nu`rzd k` id v`rkdk ‘ ì drfamvj `sid fidv` pdrd dn`ftdr d ijs prjtdljgmstds. @g id prmh`rd, ugdcjldkj `gn`rhj k` smkd `s k`sp`kmkj k` id nmrhd pdrd id fuditrdcdod, fjg ì pr`t`xtj k` adc`r `gvmdkj ug `xp`km`gt` di drfamvj

mgdftmvj, d kjgk` gj k`cèd `gvmdrs` smgj fudgkj aucm`rdt`rhmgdkj ì prjf`sj i`ldi. @g id s`lugkd, jtrj dcjldkj, d p`sdrk` id jrk`g k` g`ldri` ì dff`sj, `gfu`gtrd `g ì drfamvj f`gtrdiug kjfuh`gtj qu` fjhpru`cd qu` id jnmfmgd jhmtmö mgnjrhdfmögrì`vdgt` fjg ì prjpösmtj k` ldgdr ug fdsj d fjstd kì p`roumfmjqu` jfdsmjgdcd d p`rsjgds dgfmdgds y pjcr`s. K` diiè qu` `ghufads pìèfuids s` hu`str`, mludi qu` `g id kmh`gsmög k` fdrg`y au`sj, `sf`gds `g ids qu` p`rsjgdo`s fjrruptjs k`struy`g ijsdrfamvjs, yd s`d mgfmg`rdgkj j fjgvmrtm`gkj `g pmfdkmiij tjkd id

kjfuh`gtdfmög qu` fjgt`gld ì`h`gtjs mgfrmhmgdtjrmjs k` susn`fajrèds. Jcvmdh`gt` sjg ijs mghjrdi`s qum`g`s k`struy`gdrfamvjs. Id l`gt` k` cm`g, ijs nugfmjgdrmjs k`f`gt`s, ijsprjn`smjgdi`s qu` dftÿdg fjg ítmfd `g ì ò`rfmfmj k` su fdrr`rd gj

61FJS[@V DIJGVJ, ^mf`gtd. Id mhdl`g k` ijs drfamvjs `g ìfmg`? [r`s ò`hpijs. @g? Cji`tèg k` id DGDCDK Rjg img`X [jhj 3=(Gj. 3), 4=<=2 p. 34-3<. Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//kmdig`t.ugmrmjod.`s/s`rvi`t/drtmfuij:fjkmlj8=><;33 (Fjgsuitd?1 @g`rj 3545)

http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=967422




4<=

tm`g`g g`f`smkdk k` jfuitdr ijs dftjs k` su dkhmgmstrdfmög yk`s`hp`ôj. Udrd fmtdr di h`gjs ug ò`hpij, r`fjrk`hjs di

v`t`rmgdrmj qu` fjhprd p`rrjs rjcdkjs `g ’C``tajv`g‘, pdrdsdfrmnmfdrijs prjcdgkj drhds y krjlds, pjr `gfdrlj k` ijsndcrmfdgt`s k` dhcds.

Id fmg`hdtjlrdnèd idtmgjdh`rmfdgd tdhpjfj adkòdkj k` idkj id mhdl`g k` ijs drfamvjs. @iprjtdljgmstd k` ‐@i dgdindc`tj„ `s fjgnmgdkj didrfamvj k` ugd `gtmkdk luc`rgdh`gtdi. Drfamvj mludid iuldr k` fdstmlj, pjr r`lid l`g`rdi smtudkj `g ìsötdgj kì `kmnmfmj. Lrdfmds di trdcdoj k` ug vmòjnugfmjgdrmj `gfdrmôdkj fjg su quàdf`r, ìpdgjrdhd gj `s ug mgnm`rgj mgn`rmjr2 pjr ì fjgtrdrmj,ijs kjfuh`gtjs `stäg jrk`gdkjs, mk`gtmnmfdkjs y dpugtj k` s`r s`rvmkjs. U`rj d p`sdr k` su ajg`stmkdky fjrr`ftj fjhpjrtdhm`gtj, gj ady dimfm`gt`s k`gmglugd gdturdi`zd.6=

Dugqu` pjr gjrhd l`g`rdi id mhdl`g k` ijs drfamvmstds gj sdi`cm`g imcrdkd `g ì fmg`, tdhcmíg suì`g dpdr`f`r mgt`rfdidkdsdilugds `xf`pfmjg`s. [jh`hjs ugds fudgtds pìèfuids `gtr` idsh`gfmjgdkds pjr Hdrtmg Sdmsa `g su trdcdoj ‐Imcrdrmdgs mg ta`hjvm`s„.

’Cidk`‘ `s ugd amstjrmd k` vdhpmrjs qu` mgfiuy` iddftudfmög k` ugd drfamvmstd iidhdkd U`dri, tdg jc`sdqu` `s kmnèfmi sdc`r sm `s ajhcr` j huo`r. [jkj s`

r`nm`r` d ìid pjr su prjgjhcr` n`h`gmgj, p`rj ìdftjr qu` id `gfdrgd `s @rmf @kwdrks. @g tjkj fdsj,ìid `stä d fdrlj k` ijs drfamvjs, tjtdih`gt`fjhputdrmzdkjs, k` id fuiturd k` ijs vdhpmrjs y`xpimfd qu` gdkm` pu`k` trdkufmr ijs t`xtjs dgtmlujsd gj s`r qu` ì hdimlgj ij kmrmod.

Ijums Ljss`t Or. `s ug jnmfmdi k` id hdrmgd

`stdkjugmk`gs` qu` r`lr`sd d su ajldr `g ì `stdkj

6= Mcmk.



415

k` Fdrjimgd, kjgk` k`sfucr` qu` ug a`rhdgj hdyjr,k` qum`g gugfd fjgjfmö su `xmst`gfmd, nu` ds`smgdkj

65 dôjs dträs pjr kjs hufadfajs cidgfjs. D nmg kìmhpmdr ì gjhcr` k` su a`rhdgj, id drfamvmstd ijfdi,qu` dk`häs `s amod kì sa`rmnn, i` dyukd d `gfjgtrdrijs r`lmstrjs kì oumfmj qu` ij ii`vdg d k`sfucrmr ’Ijs`squì`tjs k` Fdrjimgd‘ .

Mgv`stmldgkj ì fjgnusj pdsdkj k` ug mhpjrtdgt`frmhmgdi fuyj fu`rpj nu` adiidkj `g id fjstd, f`rfdk` @stdhcui, ug `sfrmtjr k` hmst`rmj vmsmtd ì drfamvjhugmfmpdi `g ug pdès k` @urjpd kì @st`. Diiè`gfu`gtrd ug s`rvmfmdi, häs cm`g ug s`rvmi drfamvmstd,qu` gm smqum`rd dpdr`f` `g ijs fríkmtjs k` id pìèfuid’Id häsfdrd k` Kmhmtrmjs‘ .

Kjs p`rsjgds usdg ijs drfamvjs k` ug `stukmjfmg`hdtjlränmfj pdrd mgv`stmldr id pjsmci` fjg`xmög`gtr` id hdkr` k` Vmkg`y y ì ds`smgj. Ijs drfamvjs

s` `gfu`gtrdg `g ug sötdgj jsfurj y id drfamvmstd,ugd huo`r rukd, k`sfjrtís y k` h`gt` f`rrdkd, s`gm`ld dcm`rtdh`gt` d dyukdr, adstd qu` i` jnr`f`g ugdgmiij k` kjs hmi köidr`s, dftmtuk mghjrdi qu` adrèdidgzdr ug ’Didrmkj 6‘ d fudiqum`r drfamvmstd fjg ítmfdprjn`smjgdi.

Dilugds `sf`gds k` ’Id huo`r sdgkèd‘ tm`g`g iuldr`g ugd cmcimjt`fd y ug drfamvj `sp`fmdimzdkj. @i

cmcimjt`fdrmj r`n`r`gfmstd `s ug ojv`g k`smgt`r`sdkj`g dyukdr d ijs usudrmjs y `s mgfdpdz k` fjgkufmrugd smhpi` fjgsuitd k` r`n`r`gfmd. @i drfamvmstd `s ugtjrp` qu` kòd sjcr` id h`sd kmn`r`gt`s fdods k`hdt`rmdi`s smg fdtdijldr gm fidsmnmfdr, smg mhpjrtdri`föhj s` r`vuìv`g y r`dimzd id k`sfrmpfmög k` ijskjfuh`gtjs r`fjrtdgkj ids njtjlrdnèds qu` gj`gfdodg fjg ijs prjpösmtjs kì drfamvj.

@g ’Dhmtyvmii` 3‘ , ug pdkr` usd ijs drfamvjs ijfdi`spdrd fjgs`lumr mgnjrhdfmög df`rfd k` ugd fdsd qu`



414

`stä fdusdgkj prjci`hds d su ndhmimd. I` dyukd ugdgfmdgj drfamvmstd-cmcimjt`fdrmj qu` ds`lurd adc`r

trdcdodkj diiè pjr 30 dôjs.

Kjs idkrjg`s mgv`stmldg `g id Cmcimjt`fd kìFjglr`sj k` ijs @stdkjs Pgmkjs, kjgk` r`dimzdg ’Idcÿsqu`kd‘ k` ugd njrhd s`lurd y `n`ftmvd pdrdmglr`sdr di Drfamvj Gdfmjgdi fjg ì prjpösmtj k` rjcdrug kjfuh`gtj amstörmfj k` vdijr mgdpr`fmdci`.;5

Fidrj qu` ady jtrd fids` k` dgtmsjfmdi`s, fjhj ì k`t`ftmv`prmvdkj Odb` Lmtt`s, qu` vmsmtd ijs drfamvjs kì Fjgkdkj `g’Famgdtjwg‘ y drrdgfd pdrt` k` ugd pälmgd kì imcrj k` r`lmstrjkmsmhuidgkj ì rumkj fjg ugd tjs, `g ids gdrmf`s kì k`p`gkm`gt`,ug ojv`g aurdôj qu` k`t`std su trdcdoj y dtm`gk` k` huy hdidldgd d ijs mgv`stmldkjr`s.

Fudgkj ii`ld ì hjh`gtj kì ’S`lr`sj di nuturj 6‘ ,Hdrty HfNiy y ì Kjftjr Crjwg g`f`smtdg mgnjrhdfmög

df`rfd k` ijs `v`gtjs jfurrmkjs `g 4110, dsè qu` vdgdi drfamvj k` id pr`gsd ijfdi. V` pdr`f` d ugd vmòdcmcimjt`fd2 `s ugd lrdg adcmtdfmög fjg t`faj ditj,fudgkj adcidg s` `sfufad ì `fj k` sus vjf`s, adypjivj `g ì dmr` y dgdquì`s k` hdk`rd jsfurd.

Dpdr`gt`h`gt` `gtrdrjg d aurtdkmiids y k` gjfa`,fudgkj gj adcèd gdkm` pr`s`gt`. Säpmkdh`gt``gfu`gtrdg ids pälmgds `xdftds kì p`rmökmfj qu`cusfdg y tdhcmíg hjgtjg`s k` vmòds njtjlrdnèds

rìdfmjgdkds fjg ì t`hd.;4

Näfmi ºgj: Jodiä tjkjs ijs drfamvjs `stuvm`rdg tdg `nmfm`gt`h`gt`jrldgmzdkjs pdrd qu` fudiqum`r p`rsjgd, smg fjgjf`r ì drfamvj ysmg pjs``r id `xp`rm`gfmd sunmfm`gt` `g ì hdgòj k`kjfuh`gtdfmög, pukm`rd adiidr ij qu` cusfd y hufaj häs, imstj y

;5

SDMVA, Hdrtmg. Jp. Fmt. Uälmgd w`c.

;4 Mcmk.



413

s`rvmkj `g cdgkòd k` pidtd. @nmfm`gfmd, Sì`vdgfmd y U`rtmg`gfmd,prmgfmpmjs nugkdh`gtdi`s `g id dkhmgmstrdfmög kjfuh`gtdi.

‐Imz [jrr`s;3 `s ugd drfamvmstd k` pr`gsd qu` dyukd d ug dcjldkjd pr`pdrdr ’Fjg oustd fdusd‘, id k`n`gsd k` ug fim`gt` dfusdkj k`ds`smgdtj. @s k` h`kmdgd `kdk, fjhp`t`gt`, vmst` fjgprjn`smjgdimshj y fjqu`t`d fjg ì dcjldkj `g ids `stdgt`rèds„.

ºUjr quí id l`gt` fjqu`t`d j s` `sfjgk` `g ids `stdgt`rèds kìjs drfamvjs y k` ids cmcimjt`fds:

‐ Dh`rmfdg Vpi`gkjr „ pidshd `g njrhdtj nèihmfj idjcrd dutjcmjlränmfd qu` Adrv`y U`bdr adcèd r`niòdkjpr`vmdh`gt` `g ugd s`rm` k` föhmfs ajhögmhd. @st`fjgtdkjr k` amstjrmds -yd qu` ijs kmcuojs `rdgr`dimzdkjs pjr kmv`rsjs dutjr`s kì föhmfugk`rlrjugk-, fjhj r`dih`gt` s` ldgdcd id vmkd `rdfjhj drfamv`rj `g ug ajspmtdi k` v`t`rdgjs k`Fi`vìdgk. Adrv`y U`bdr trdcdoö `g kmfaj drfamvj

adstd su oucmidfmög, mgfiusj ugd v`z difdgzdkj ìíxmtj fjg su jcrd, y `g Dh`rmfdg Vpi`gkjr qu`kdr`fjlmkj ì pjfj mgt`rís y ì t`kmj qu` su rutmgdrmjtrdcdoj fjhj drfamv`rj i` prjkufèd.

@g kmn`r`gt`s `sf`gds k` id pìèfuid, qu` trdgsfurr`g`g ijs dôjs <5 y 15, s` hu`strd ì drfamvj fiègmfj `gì qu` trdcdodcd, fjg sus `stdgt`rèds smg nmg ii`gds dr`cjsdr k` fdrp`tds fidsmnmfdkds pjr fjijr`s, j ì dÿg

häs títrmfj k`pösmtj, fjg vmòjs drfamvdkjr`s k`hdk`rd y fdods k` fdrtög, kjgk` mcdg d pdrdr idsamstjrmds fiègmfds k` ijs ndii`fmkjs.

]d `hp`zdkj ì smlij QQM, y fjg id mrrupfmög k` idmgnjrhätmfd y id kmlmtdimzdfmög k` kjfuh`gtjs,pjkrèdhjs `sp`rdr qu` `sds mhäl`g`s k` ug drfamvjk` adf` häs k` 35 dôjs gj pukm`rdg mk`gtmnmfdrs`

fjg ijs drfamvjs dftudi`s, p`rj t`gm`gkj `g fu`gtd

;3 Mcmk.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0305206/



http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Pekar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Splendor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Splendor

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Pekar




416

dilugds gjtmfmds… qumzä ids fjsds gj adydgfdhcmdkj tdgtj.;6

’Dglì`s y k`hjgmjs‘

Pg fdsj `sp`fmdi `stä r`pr`s`gtdkj pjr ì Drfamvj ^dtmfdgj, quìidhd id dt`gfmög ` mgt`r`sd pjr mludi d ’Dglì`s y k`hjgmjs‘. Dsèfjhj adf` smlijs, ì dff`sj d sus mgstdidfmjg`s fjgtmgÿdprjamcmkj y vmlmidkj pjr dl`gt`s k` id Ujimfèd vdtmfdgd. U`rj `s ugdrfamvj hjk`rgj. [dgtj qu` adstd id fdgtmkdk k` jxèl`gj `sfjgtrjidkd pjr fjhputdkjrds fjhj h`kmkd k` prjt`ffmög yfjgs`rvdfmög k` ijs vdimjsèsmhjs kjfuh`gtjs qu` diiè s`fji`ffmjgd `g s`ffmjg`s p`rn`ftdh`gt` jrldgmzdkds. Idsfähdrds sjg cöv`kds a`rhítmfds y ì jxèl`gj s` hdgtm`g` d ug

gmvì hègmhj2 dk`gtrj ady ug vdfèj pdrfmdi, ijs vmkrmjs sjg dpru`cd k` cdids y gj s` r`fjhm`gkd p`rhdg`f`r diiè pjr `spdfmjsprjijgldkjs. Ijs fu`rpjs k` s`lurmkdk adg r`fadzdkj sm`t`v`f`s id sjimfmtuk k` dff`sj pr`s`gtdkd pjr ì prjn`sjr kÀdrvdrk qu` mgv`stmld dgtmluds smhcjijlèds. U`rj ady ug iugdrg`lrj2 `s mhpjsmci` pdsdr pjr ditj ì rjcj k` kjfuh`gtjsfm`gtènmfjs, pjr pdrt` k` ug hm`hcrj k` id Ludrkmd Vumzd.

;6

SJV-HDS[ÈG, Hdrfjs. Ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg`. Jp fmt.Uälmgd w`c.

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/199/deficiencias-en-la-gestion-documental-de-la-administracion-publica-valenciana/

http://www.documentalistaenredado.net/199/deficiencias-en-la-gestion-documental-de-la-administracion-publica-valenciana/



41;

S`fjrk`hjs qu` ì Drfamvj V`fr`tj ^dtmfdgj ( Drfamvuh

V`fr`tuh Dpjstjimfuh ^dtmfdguh) `s ugj k` ijs f`gtrjs k`mgv`stmldfmög amstörmfd häs mhpjrtdgt`s kì hugkj. Ujs`` ugjs405.555 kjfuh`gtjs y häs k` >65 njgkjs k` drfamvjs kmstmgtjs,`g ugd `xt`gsmög k` 10 bh img`di`s k` `stdgt`rèds, qu` ii`ldg dfucrmr jfajfm`gtjs dôjs k` amstjrmd.

@i drfamvj, fjhpi`tdh`gt` f`rrdkj di pÿcimfj, nu` fr`dkj `g 4>45pjr jrk`g kì Udpd Udcij ^ di trdsidkdr d ijs Udidfmjs ^dtmfdgjstjkjs ijs vjiÿh`g`s y kjfuh`gtjs qu` adstd `gtjgf`s s`fjgs`rvdcdg `g jtrjs `kmnmfmjs. @i kjfuh`gtj häs dgtmluj s`r`hjgtd di smlij ^MMM, y s` fjgs`rvd kjfuh`gtdfmög smgmgt`rrupfmjg`s d pdrtmr kì dôj 44=1. @g 4<16, tjkj ij dihdf`gdkj`g Dvmlgjg s` trdsidkd di ^dtmfdgj y `g 4<=1 s` i`s ug`g ijs

Drfamvjs kì Fdstì Vdgt Dglìj.

I`ög QMMM `hpm`zd d p`rhmtmr dilugjs fdsjs k` vmsmtds `g 4114, dimh`gtdgkj hufajs ruhjr`s y hmtjs kì dutígtmfj fjgt`gmkj

cmcimjlränmfj y C`g`kmftj Q^ dcr` k` hdg`rd dilj häs l`gírmfd ypdrfmdih`gt` ijs drfamvjs `g 4=33.

@i 35 k` n`cr`rj k` 3553, ì pdpd Oudg Udcij MM k`fr`tö k` njrhd`xtrdjrkmgdrmd y d pdrtmr kì 3556, id kmspjgmcmimkdk dmgv`stmldkjr`s k` kjfuh`gtjs rìdfmjgdkjs fjg Di`hdgmd `gtr` ìp`rèjkj 4=33 d 4=6= y k` id V`fr`tdrèd k` @stdkj ^dtmfdgd pdrdmgt`gtdr fjgtrdrr`stdr ids frètmfds k` dilugds jrldgmzdfmjg`s fjgr`sp`ftj d id pjsmfmög k` id mli`smd fdtöimfd kurdgt` ì l`gjfmkmj

r`dimzdkj pjr ` ijs gdzms fjgtrd ì pu`cij oukèj, kurdgt` ì pdpdkjk` Umj QMM.

Dftudih`gt` ì dff`sj di drfamvj `stä p`rhmtmkj d mgv`stmldkjr`s` amstjrmdkjr`s, pr`vmd dfr`kmtdfmög y vmstj cu`gj kì ^dtmfdgj,dugqu` `stä r`strmglmkj söij d ugd p`qu`ôd pdrt` kì njgkj

kjfuh`gtdi. Pgd pdrt` k` `stjs drfamvjs, dilugjs huysmlgmnmfdtmvjs, yd `stä kmspjgmci` `g Mgt`rg`t.;;

;; Drfamvj s`fr`tj ^dtmfdgj. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_V

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_VIII



http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avignon



http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_XIII


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitos

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliograf%C3%ADa

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicto_XV


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_de_febrero


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pablo_II





http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretar%C3%ADa_de_Estado_Vaticana

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidio

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidio

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretar%C3%ADa_de_Estado_Vaticana





http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pablo_II


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_de_febrero


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicto_XV

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliograf%C3%ADa

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitos


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_XIII





http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_VIII

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_V


http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia



410

], d prjpösmtj k` dvdgf`s t`fgjiölmfjs, ’Dfjsj s`xudi‘ `s ugdfidrd hu`strd k` id njrhd fjhj s` mglr`sd y gdv`ld `g id cds`

k` kdtjs y ì drfamvj vmrtudi k` id Fjhpdôèd Kmlmfjh. @gs`ôdfidrdh`gt` ì k`spidzdhm`gtj `g r`dimkdk vmrtudi pjr ijs kmn`r`gt`s`spdfmjs, ijs hu`ci`s drfamvdkjr`s qu` s` dcr`g fjg ì smhpi`tjqu` k` ug k`kj y ijs kjfuh`gtjs qu` sdi`g k` ids ldv`tds dis`ôdidrijs fjg ì ludgt` hälmfj.

Mgnjrtugdkdh`gt`, gj pjkèd `stdr dus`gt` id gdturdi`zd mgtrègs`fdkì ajhcr` pdrd mgt`rn`rmr fjg id v`rkdk d trdvís k` su adcmimkdkpdrd hdgmpuidr id mgnjrhdfmög. ] lrdfmds d id t`fgjijlèd, ’Ijs

t`stmljs‘ sjg k`sfucm`rtjs pjrqu` ugd ojv`g fjg `xfì`gt`h`hjrmd vmsudi r`fjgjf` sus rjstrjs `g ug äicuh njtjlränmfj, ditm`hpj qu` ug sdf`rkjt` mgv`stmldkjr adf` ij hmshj `g ugdrfamvj nèihmfj y k` hmfrjnmih`s k` pr`gsd `g ijs fudi`s `gfu`gtrdqu`, t`stmljs pr`s`gfmdi`s k` id frufmnmxmög k` Frmstj vmv`g dÿg `gugd p`qu`ôd pjcidfmög k` Lrdg Cr`tdôd, fjgk`gdkjs`t`rgdh`gt` d pr`s`gfmdr ids trdl`kmds k` id auhdgmkdk? lu`rrds,l`gjfmkmjs, ds`smgdtjs, imgfadhm`gtjs, pjr adc`r dsmstmkj fjhj

furmjsjs y gj pjr k`vjfmög. Dsè hmshj r`fjgjf` id fdsd qu`hufajs dôjs dträs nu`rd ug jrndgdtj `g kjgk` s` dcusdcdfruìh`gt` k` ijs gmôjs y qu` ijs frmhmgdi`s, ijs t`stmljs, smlu`gvmvjs smg qu` ì tm`hpj ijs aucm`rd dn`ftdkj. Ujr jtrd pdrt`, `g idskmn`r`gt`s pìèfuids k` ’Adrry Ujtt`r‘ jcs`rvdhjs fjg mgt`rís ijsäicuh`s njtjlränmfjs y ijs pjrtdrr`trdtjs k` mhäl`g`s `ghjvmhm`gtj, furmjsj `n`ftj sm t`g`hjs `g fu`gtd qu` `stägmhpr`sds `g ì trdkmfmjgdi sjpjrt` k` pdpì.

@g ì hugkj r`di k` ajy, ids p`rsjgds hdyjr`s v`hjs fdsm fjgdsjhcrj qu` präftmfdh`gt` ad k`sdpdr`fmkj id njtjlrdnèdtrdkmfmjgdi, fjg sus fähdrds, sus njtjs, sus rjhägtmfjs äicuh`s yijs drfamvjs njtjlränmfjs. Ajy, id njtjlrdnèd `s kmlmtdi, fjg fähdrdskmlmtdi`s, njtjlrdnèds kmlmtdimzdkds y drfamvjs kmlmtdi`s ludrkdkjs`g ì kmsfj kurj k` ugd fjhputdkjrd j `g sjpjrt`s tdi`s fjhjkmsfjs fjhpdftjs iidhdkjs FK-SJH, ì K^K, j p`qu`ôjs

attp?//`s.wmbmp`kmd.jrl/wmbm/DrfamvjZV`fr`tjZ^dtmfdgj (Fjgsuitd4> V`ptm`hcr` 3545)

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo_Secreto_Vaticano




41>

kmspjsmtmvjs pjrtätmi`s iidhdkjs PVC, fdkd kèd fdpdf`s k`dic`rldr häs lmldcyt`s k` ijs qu` gugfd adcrèdhjs mhdlmgdkj.

Di pdsj qu` vdhjs, dilugd k` ids pröxmhds l`g`rdfmjg`s k`auhdgjs v`rä ijs äicuh`s njtjlränmfjs k` Adrry Ujtt`r fjg tjkdgdturdimkdk, smg `i h`gjr dsjhcrj gm id sjsp`fad k` qu` `stj…`s fjsd k` hdlmd.



41<

* * * * *] d p`sdr k` id `xt`gsd imstd, a`hjs pr`s`gtdkj söij ugdp`qu`ôd hu`strd `gtr` ijs f`gt`gdr`s k` pìèfuids, k`fudi`squm`r pdès`s y ípjfds, qu` pjr ugd u jtrd rdzög adf`g usjk` imcrjs, imcr`rèds, imcr`rjs, cmcimjt`fds, cmcimjt`fdrmjs, i`ftjr`s,`kmtjr`s ` mhpr`sjr`s, cmcimönmijs, drfamvjs y drfamvmstds, fjhjpm`zds smlgmnmfdtmvds `g id trdgshmsmög k` mk`ds, h`gsdo`s y

s`gsdfmjg`s pjr h`kmj kì fmg`.

@vmk`gt`h`gt`, `stjs ì`h`gtjs njrhdg pdrt` k` id vmkd fjtmkmdgdy sjg mga`r`gt`s di k`sdrrjiij kì ajhcr` y ids fjhugmkdk`sfmvmimzdkds y fjgstmtuy`g, pjr ij tdgtj, hjtmvjs kmspjgmci`s pdrd`xpijtdr sus mhäl`g`s, dprjv`fadgkj id kmv`rsmkdk k`mgt`rpr`tdfmjg`s qu` fdkd qum`g pu`kd j qum`rd `gfjgtrdri`s.

* * * * *



411



41=

CMCIMJLSDNMD FM[DKD

DSFAM^J V@FS@[J ^D[MFDGJ. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//`s.wmbmp`kmd.jrl/wmbm/DrfamvjZV`fr`tjZ^dtmfdgj (Fjgsuitd4> V`ptm`hcr` 3545)

CMCIMJ[@FDV ] CMCIMJ[@FDSMJV @G @I FMG@. Id Hdikmfmögkì fäimz k` Oukds? ì cmcimjt`fdrmj fjgtrd ijs vdhpmrjs. R`g ièg`dXKmspjgmci` `g?attp?//cmcimjsdiuk.idfjftì`rd.g`t/fdt`ljrmd/cmcimjt`fds-y-cmcimjt`fdrmjs-ì-fmg` (Fjgsuitd? 0 V`ptm`hcr` 3545)

CJID K@ NP@LJ. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//ìldcmg`t`kìkjftjrhdcus`.wjrkpr`ss.fjh/355=/51/45/cjid-k`-nu`lj-cdii-jn-nmr`-4=;4-k`-ajwdrk-adwbs/ (Fjgsuitd dcrmi 33k` 3544)

CPNNM, ID FD_D^DHUMSJV. R`g img`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

9attp?//`s.wmbmp`kmd.jrl/wmbm/CunnyZta`Z^dhpmr`ZVidy`r7.(Fjgsuitd 46 Jftucr` 3545).

FÖHJ ADF@S FMG@. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.fjhjadf`rfmg`.fjh/fafZk`tdii`.pap:mk`84351(Fjgsuitd 0 s`ptm`hcr` 3545)

FJS[@V DIJGVJ, ^mf`gtd. Id mhdl`g k` ijs drfamvjs `g ìfmg`? [r`s ò`hpijs. @g? Cji`tèg k` id DGDCDK R`g ièg`dX [jhj

3= (Gj. 3), 4=<=2 p. 34-3<. Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//kmdig`t.ugmrmjod.`s/s`rvi`t/drtmfuij:fjkmlj8=><;33 (Fjgsuitd?1 @g`rj 3545)

K'DI@VVDGKSJ, Kdrèj. Id cmcimjt`fd `g ì fmg`. Fjgn`r`gfmdkmftdkd `g id Cmcimjt`fd Iums Äglì Drdglj, Cjljtä, `g 3556. R`gièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.idcidd.jrl/ciddvmrtudi/cmcimjt`fjijlmd/kdi`ssdgkrj/cmcimj

fmg`4.ath (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj k` 3545).


http://bibliosalud.lacoctelera.net/post/2009/03/24/la-maldicion-del-caliz-judas-bibliotecario-contra-los


http://bibliosalud.lacoctelera.net/categoria/bibliotecas-y-bibliotecarios-el-cine























4=5

@I SJI K@I CMCIMJ[@FDSMJ @G @I FMG@. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci``g? attp?//www.cu`gdstdr`ds.fjh/`gsdyjs/@i-Sji-Kì-

Cmcimjt`fdrmj-@g-@i-Fmg`/134;1.athi (Fjgsuitd 4= Kmfm`hcr`355=).

MHDL@G CMCIMJ[@FDSMD @G @I FMG@. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.fmrmj.mgnj/fmrmj;.athi (Fjgsuitd 35 N`cr`rj 3545)

ID CMCIMJ[@FD FJHJ D[S@__J @G @I FMG@. R`g ièg`dXKmspjgmci` `g? 9attp?//cmcimjfmg`nmijs.cijlspjt.fjh/355=/5=/id-cmcimjt`fd-fjhj-dtr`zzj-`g-ì-fmg`.athi7 (Fjgsuitd > k` @g`rj3545)

HDS[MG J[@LPM, ^mrlmgmd. Ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg`. Dpjrt`spdrd ì dgäimsms k` id r`pr`s`gtdfmög k` ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg`.@g? S`vmstd L`g`rdi k` Mgnjrhdfmög y Kjfuh`gtdfmög.Pgmv`rsmkdk kì Vur. Cdaèd cidgfd, Drl`gtmgd. 355=, 4= >4-=5 R`gièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.ufh.`s/CPFH/r`vmstds/cyk/446341<6/drtmfuijs/SLMK5

=5=4455>4D.UKN. (Fjgsuitd? 51 @g`rj k` 3545).

HDS[ÈG@_, Oudg C`mrj. Hmrdgkd k` Hdrf Hugk`g R`g ièg`dXKmspjgmci` `g? attp?//www.idcutdfd.g`t/nmihs/31/hmrdgkd4.ath(Fjgsuitd 4> Dcrmi 3545)

UD_ ]DG@V, Fidukmd. Cmcimjt`fds k` fmg`? ugd r`vmsmög k` idmhdl`g k` ids cmcimjt`fds y ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs `g ì síptmhj drt`(töpmfjs y st`r`jtmpjs). R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

attp?//mc`rsmk.ù/jos/mgk`x.pap/sfmr`/drtmfi`/vm`w/44<0/440<(Fjgsuitd > k` @g`rj 3545)

SDMVA, Hdrtmg. Imcrdrmdgs mg ta` hjvm`s? Dg dggjtdt`k nmihjlrdpayR`g img`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//`hp.cyum.`ku/SDMVAH/nmihs/mgtrjkuftmjg.athi (Fjgsuitd 43

Dcrmi 3545).

SJV-HDS[MG, Hdrfjs. Ds`smgdtjs `g id dcdkèd pjr ug imcrj R`gièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?

























4=4

attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/;55/ds`smgdtjs-`g-id-dcdkmd-pjr-ug-imcrj/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj 3545)

--------. Fdrrm` `gfu`gtrd su hmidlrj `g id cmcimjt`fd. R`g ièg`dXKmspjgmci` `g? attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/;>0/fdrrm`-`gfu`gtrd-su-hmidlrj-`g-id-cmcimjt`fd/ (Fjgsuitd 5> @g`rj 3545).

--------. Kdra ^dk`r, ug ajijfrög y id cmcimjt`fd O`km k` FjrusfdgtR`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/414/kdrta-vdk`r-ug-ajijfrjg-y-id-cmcimjt`fd-o`km-k`-fjrusfdgt/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj3545)

--------. K` Adggmcdi ì fdgècdi d Adggmcdi ì cmcimjt`fdrmj R`g ièg`dXKmspjgmci` `g? attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/30</k`-adggmcdi-ì-fdgmcdi-d-adggmcdi-ì-cmcimjt`fdrmj/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj3545)

--------. @i kèd k` hdôdgd cusfdkh` `g ugd cmcimjt`fd. R`g ièg`dX

Kmspjgmci` `g? attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/;56/ì-kmd-k`-hdgdgd-cusfdkh`-`g-ugd-cmcimjt`fd/ (Fjgsuitd? > @g`rj3545)

--------. Mgkmdgd Ojg`s? @i 15% kì trdcdoj k` Drqu`jijlèd s` adf``g id cmcimjt`fd R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/>5/mgkmdgd-ojg`s-ì-15-kì-trdcdoj-`g-drqu`jijld-s`-adf`-`g-id-cmcimjt`fd/ (Fjgsuitd >@g`rj 3545).

--------. Ids cmcimjt`fds `g ì fmg` R`g ièg`dX. Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/<>=/ids-cmcimjt`fds-`g-ì-fmg`/ (Fjgsuitd > @g`rj 3545)

--------. Ijs frèh`g`s k` Ijs sm`t` p`fdkjs fdpmtdi`s y ugdcmcimjt`fd. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.kjfuh`gtdimstd`gr`kdkj.g`t/363/ijs-frmh`g`s-k`-ijs-

sm`t`-p`fdkjs-fdpmtdi`s-y-ugd-cmcimjt`fd/ (Fjgsuitd 0 V`ptm`hcr`3545)



























4=3

VDID K@ I@F[PSD. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//www.sjijsuctmtuijs.fjh/k`sfdrldr-suctmtuijs/p4;41=.athi

(Fjgsuitd 3< Jftucr` 3545)

VDTPMIÄG, ^`rögmfd Hdrèd. ‐@stukmj df`rfd k` idsr`pr`s`gtdfmjg`s sjfmdi`s kì rji kì cmcimjt`fdrmj, `g usudrmjs kìd Cmcimjt`fd F`gtrdi k` id Pgmv`rsmkdk Gdfmjgdi k` Hdr k` Uidtd„.Hdr k` Uidtd? Pgmv`rsmkdk Gdfmjgdi k` Hdr k` Uidtd, 3550. p. 65.Fmtdkj `g? _PSM[D FDSS@SD, Hdrtad Udtrmfmd. Ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs,ids cmcimjt`fds y ì imcrj `g ì síptmhj drt . Jp. Fmt.

PG FDKÄ^@S @G ID CMCIMJ[@FD. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//dipdfmg`.fjh/pìmfuid/406<;/ (Fjgsuitd 35 V`ptm`hcr`3545)

_PSM[D FDSS@SD, Hdrtad Udtrmfmd. Ijs cmcimjt`fdrmjs, idscmcimjt`fds y ì imcrj `g ì síptmhj drt`. R`g ièg`dX Kmspjgmci` `g?attp?//`kuh`k.mhss.ljc.hx/`kuh`k/`v`gtjs/;fjgv3/Hjrìjs3551/US@V@G[DFMJG@V/[-@[email protected] (Fjgsuitd 0

V`ptm`hcr` k` 3545).











4=6

NMIHJLSDNMD S@IDFMJGDKD @G @I [SDCDOJ

3543. Sjidgk @hh`rmfa. PVD, 355=. Dcrdfdkdcrd 9@i r`tjrgj k` ids cruods7 (Ajfus Ujfus). B`ggy

Jrt`ld. PVD, 4==6. Dcr`t` ids jròds (Urmfb up yjur `drs). Vt`pa`g Nr`drs. Lrdg

Cr`tdôd, 4=1<. Dfjsj s`xudi (Kmsfijsur`). Cdrry I`vmgsjg. PVD, 4==;. Di rjoj vmvj (H`rfury rmsmgl). Adrjik C`fb`r. PVD, 4==1.

Didrmkj 6 (Vfr`dh 6). \`s Frdv`g, PVD, 3555. Dimfmd `g ì pdès k` ids hdrdvmiids (Dimf` mg \jgk`ridgk). Cuk

[jws`gk. PVD, 4=<>. Dh`rmfdg pm`. Udui \`mtz. PVD, 4===. Dh`rmfdg spi`gkjr. Vadrm Vprmgl`r C`rhdg`g. PVD, 3556. Dhmtyvmii` 3? Id pjs`smög (Dhmtyvmii` 3? [a` pjss`ssmjg).

Kdhmdgj Kdhmdgm, PVD, 4=13. Dhjr d prmh`rd vmstd 9Id nu`rzd kì dhjr7 (Ndiimgl mg ijv`).

Piu Lrjscdrk. PVD, 4=1;. Dhjr prjamcmkj (Njrcmkk`g). Nrdgb Fdprd. PVD, 4=63. Dglì`s y k`hjgmjs (Dgl`s `t k`hjgs). Sjg Ajwdrk. PVD,

355=. Dgt`s kì dtdrk`f`r (C`njr` sugs`t). Smfadrk Imgbidt`r. PVD,

355;. Cdojs mgstmgtjs (Cdsmf mgstmgft). Hmfadì Fdtjg-Ojg`s. PVD,

355>. Cdthdg vuìv` (Cdthdg r`turgs). [mh Curtjg. PVD, 4==6. Cmdgfd. Gdggm Hjr`ttm. Mtdimd, 4=1;. Cmcm id a`famf`rd. Nrdgzmsbd Cufa. Di`hdgmd, 3553. Cmlnjjt y ijs A`gk`rsjg (Adrry dgk ta` A`gk`rsjg). \mimdg

K`dr. PVD, 4=1<. Cmiiy @iimjt. Vt`pa`g Kdikry. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 3555. Cidk`. Vt`pa`g Gjrrmgltjg, PVD, 4==1. Cjid k` Nu`lj (Cdii jn nmr`) 9[a` prjn`ssjr dgk ta` Curi`squ`

Tu``g7. Ajwdrk Adwbs. PVD, 4=;4)

Cusfdgkj dhdr (K`kmfdtmjg). Oustmg [a`rjux. PVD, 355<. Fdk`gd p`rp`tud ([a` sadwsadgb r`k`hptmjg). Nrdgb

Kdrdcjgt. PVD, 4==;.



4=;

Fdmg y Hdcì (Fdmg dgk Hdcì). Iijyk Cdfjg. PVD, 4=6>. Fdrrm` (Fdrrm`). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Vt`pa`g Bmgl. Crmdg k`

Udihd. PVD, 4=<>. F`gmfm`gtd (Fmgk`rìid). \dit Kmsg`y. PVD, 4=05. Famgdtjwg. Sjhdg Ujidgsbm. PVD, 4=<;. Fmukdk k` äglì`s 9Pg dglì `gdhjrdkj7 (Dglì”s fmty). Crdk

Vmic`rimgl. PVD, 4==1. Fjh`r, r`zdr, dhdr (@dt, prdy, ijv`). Cdsdkd `g id jcrd k`

@imzdc`ta Lmic`rt. Sydg Hurpay. PVD, 3545. Fjhj dlud pdrd fajfjidt`. Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Idurd

@squmvì. Dinjgsj Drdu. Híxmfj, 4==4. Föhj dtrdpdr d ug hmiijgdrmj (Vucurcdg lmri). Hdrf Bi`mg. PVD,

355<. Föhj p`rk`r id fdc`zd (A`dk jv`r a`ìs). Cdsdkd `g id

gjvìd k` Dgg C`dtm`. Hmfbimg Vmiv`r.PVD, 4==<. Fjgv`rsdfmjg`s fjg Kmjs (Fjgv`rsdtmjgs wmta Ljk). Vt`pa`g

Vmhjg. PVD, 355>. Fjrdzög k` tmgtd (Mgba`drt). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Fjrgìmd

Nugb`. Mdg Vjnti`y. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 3551. Frögmfd k` ugd hu`rt` dgugfmdkd (Cdsdkd `g id jcrd k`

Ldcrmì Ldrfèd Härqu`z). Nrdgf`sfj Sjssm. Mtdimd, 4=1<. Fu`gtj k` mgvm`rgj (Fjgt` k'amv`r). @rmf Sjah`r. Nrdgfmd,

4==3. Fu`stmög k` ajgjr (D n`w ljjk h`g). Cjc S`mg`r. PVD, 4==3. Kdg `g id vmkd r`di 9Fjhj id vmkd hmshd7 (Kdg mg r`di imn`).

U`t`r A`kl`s, PVD, 355< Kdgzds fjg ijcjs (Kdgf`s wmta wjiv`s). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd

k` Hmfadì Cidfb. B`vmg Fjstg`r. PVD, 4==5. Kì dhjr y jtrjs k`hjgmjs. Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Ldcrmì

Ldrfèd Härqu`z. Amikd Amkdilj. Fjijhcmd-Fjstd Smfd, 3545. K`sdnèj `g ids duids (K`t`gtmjg). Adrry \mg`r. PVD, 3551. K`sdyugj fjg kmdhdgt`s 9K`sdyugj `g [mnndgy7 (Cr`dbndst dt

[mnndgy”s). Cidb` @kwdrks. PVD, 4=>4. K`s`j y k`f`pfmög (Nmgdi dgdiysms). Uami Ojdgju. PVD, 4==3. Kögk` qu`kö ì fjrdzög: (\a`r` ta` a`drt ms). Cdsdkd `g id

gjvìd k` Cmiim` I`tts. Hdtt \miimdhs. PVD, 3555. Kräfuid (Crdh Vtjb`r”s Krdfuid). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`

Crdh Vtjb`r. Nrdgfms Njrk Fjppjid. PVD, 4==3.



4=0

Krdlög rjoj (S`k krdljg). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` [ajhdsAdrrms. Cr`tt Sdtg`r. PVD, 3553.

Kurhm`gkj fjg ì `g`hmlj (Vi``pmgl wmta ta` `g`hy). Ojs`paSuc`g. PVD, 4==5.

@i dhjr `g ijs tm`hpjs kì föi`rd. Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`Ldcrmì Ldrfèd Härqu`z. Hmb` G`wìi. Fjijhcmd-PVD, 355<.

@i dgdindc`tj. Hmluì Kìldkj. Híxmfj, 4=>5. @i drfamvj k` Jk`ssd ([a` Jk`ssd nmi`). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd

k` Nr`k`rmfb Njrsyta. Sjgdik G`dh`. PVD, 4=<0. @i Fdrgdvdi k` ids [mgm`cids (Vjh`tamgl wmfb`k tams wdy

fjh`s). Cdsdkd `g id Gjvìd k` Sdy Crdkcury. Odfb Fidytjg. PVD, 4=16. @i fdrt`rj k` G`rukd (Mi pjstmgj). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`

Dgtjgmj Vbärh`td. Hmfadì Sdknjrk. Mtdimd, 4==;. @i f`gtrj k` id tjrh`gtd (Vtjrh f`gt`r). Kdgmì [drdkdsa,

PVD, 4=0>. @i Fmukdkdgj Fdg` (Fmtmz`g Fdg`). Jrsjg \ìi`s. PVD, 4=;4. @i fidg k` ijs rjhpàu`sjs ([a` ijgl`st ydrk). U`t`r V`ldi.

PVD, 3550. @i fiuc k` ijs fmgfj ([a` Cr`dbndst Fiuc). Ojg Aula`s. PVD,

4=10. @i Fiuc kì imcrj k` Odg` Dust`g 9Fjgjfm`gkj d Odg` Dust`g7

([a` Odg` Dust`g cjjb fiuc). Cdsdkd `g ì imcrj k` Bdr`g OjyNjwi`r. Sjcmg Vwmfjrk. PVD, 355<.

@i fökmlj Kd ^mgfm ([a` Kd ^mgfm fjk`). Cdsdkd `g id jcrd k`Kdg Crjwg. Sjg Ajwdrk. PVD, 355>.

@i fjijr pÿrpurd ([a` fjijr purpi`). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`

Dimf` \dib`r. Vt`v`g Vpmìc`rl. PVD, 4=10. @i kèd kì fadfdi ([a` kdy jn ta` odfbdi). Nr`k _mhh`rhdg.

Lrdg Cr`dôd-Nrdgfmd, 4=<6. @i kèd k`spuís k` hdôdgd ([a` kdy dit`r tjhjrrjw). Sjidgk

@hh`rmfa. PVD, 355;. @i kmdrmj k` Gjda 9Kmdrmj k` ugd pdsmög7 ([a` gjt`cjjb). Gmfb

Fdssdv`t`s. PVD, 355;. @i `n`ftj hdrmpjsd ([a` cutt`rniy `nn`ft). @rmf Cr`ss. PVD,

355;. @i `xjrfmstd ([a` `xjrfmst). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` \miimdh

U`t`r Cidtty. \miimdh Nrm`kbmg. PVD, 4=<6.

http://leelibros.com/biblioteca/?q=node/84888





http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bress









4=>

@i ndgtdshd k` Fdgt`rvmii` ([a` Fdgt`rvmii` lajst). Vykg`yHdfdrtg`y. PVD, 4==>.

@i ludrkmäg k` ids pdidcrds ([a` pdl`hdst`r). Oj` Ojagstjg.PVD, 4==;.

@i ludrkmäg kì k`hjgmj (K`hjg b``p`r). Oj` [jhdtjr`. PVD,4==;.

@i mgnjrh` Uìèfdgj ([a` Uìmbdg crm`n). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìdk` Ojag Lrmsadh. Didg O. Udbuid. PVD, 4==6.

@i i`ftjr 9Pgd pdsmög s`fr`td7 ([a` r`dk`r). Vt`pa`g Kdikry.PVD-DI@HDGMD, 3551

@i hmst`rmj k` ijs `xfdvdkjr`s (Aji`s). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìdk` Ijums Vdfadr. Dgkr`w Kdvms. PVD, 3556. @i gmôj fjg ì pmodhd k` rdyds ([a` Cjy mg ta` Vtrmp`k

Uyodhds). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Ojag Cjyg`. Hdrb A`rhdg.PVD, 3551.

@i gjhcr` k` id rjsd ([a` gdh` jn ta` rjs`). Cdsdkd `g idgjvìd k` Phc`rtj @fj. O`dg-Odfqu`s Dggduk. PVD, 4=1>.

@i p`qu`ôj ^dgyd (Mtdimdg`tz). Dgkr`m Brdvfaub. Susmd, 355<. @i prmh`r dhjr (Nimpp`k). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` \`gkìmg

^dg Krddg`g. Sjc S`mg`r. PVD, 3545. @i prmh`r c`sj 9Hm famfd7 (hy lmri). Ajwdrk _m`nn. PVD, 4==4. @i prmgfmpmtj ([a` Imtti` prmgf`). Cdsdkd `g id jcrd k` Dgtjmg`

k` Vdmgt-@xup`ry. Vtdgi`y Kjg`g. PVD, 4=<;. @i r`lr`sj kì fdpmtäg Ldrnmj (Ajjb). Vt`v`g Vpmìc`rl. PVD,

4==4. @i sdcjr k` id mgnmkìmkdk 9Urmhjs7 (Fjusmgs). Ojì

Vfauhdfa`r. PVD, 4=1=. @i s`fr`tj k` id ÿitmhd iugd ([a` s`fr`t jn Hjjgdfr`). Ldcjr

Fsupj. Nrdgfmd-Auglrèd, 3545. @i smi`gfmj k` ijs mgjf`gt`s ([a` smi`gf` jn ta` idhcs). Cdsdkd

`g id gjvìd k` [ajhds Adrrms. Ojgdtadg K`hh`. PVD, 4===. @i sustmtutj ([a` sucstmtut`). Sjc`rt Hdgkì. PVD, 4==>. @i tr`g k` ids ;?05 (Hurk`r, sa` sdmk). L`jrl` Ujiijfb. S`mgj

Pgmkj, 4=>3. @i tr`g k` _aju ]u 9@i tr`g d id pj`sèd7 (_aju ]u»s trdmg). Vug

_aju. Famgd, 3553. @i ÿitmhj dh`rmfdgj vmrl`g ([a` idst dh`rmfdg vmrlmg). Cjdts

Kdvmksjg. PVD, 4=13.



4=<

@i vuìj kì mgtrusj (Nimlat jn ta` mgtruk`r). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìdk` Vt`pa`g Fjjgts. Ojag Hmimus. PVD, 4==5.

@g ì gjhcr` kì Udkr` (Mg ta` gdh` jn ta` ndta`r). Cdsdkd `gid dutjcmjlrdnèd k` L`rry Fjgijg. Omh Va`rmkdg. Mridgkd, 4==6.

@xpmdfmög, k`s`j y p`fdkj (Dtjg`h`gt). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìdk` Mdg Hf@wdg. Oj` \rmlat. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 355<.

Ndar`ga`mt ;04 (Ndar`ga`mt ;04). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` SdyCrdkcury. Nrdgfjms [runndut. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 4=>>.

Nmidkìnmd (Uamidkìpamd). Ojgdtadg K`hh`. PVD, 4==6. Njjtijjs`. A`rc`rt Sjss. PVD, 4=16.

Lrmglj vmòj (Jik lrmglj). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` FdrijsNu`gt`s. Iums Uu`gzj. PVD, 4=1=. Adggmcdi (Dgècdi ì fdgècdi). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` [ajhds

Adrrms. Smki`y Vfjtt. PVD, 3554. Adrry Ujtt`r y ì prmsmjg`rj k` Dzbdcdg (Adrry Ujtt`r dgk ta`

prmsjg`r jn Dzbdcdg). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Ojdgg` B.Sjwimgl. Dinjgsj Fudrjg. PVD, 355;.

Adrry Ujtt`r y id fähdrd s`fr`td (Adrry Ujtt`r dgk ta`fadhc`r jn s`fr`ts). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Ojdgg` B.Sjwimgl. Farms Fjiuhcus. PVD, 3553.

Adrry Ujtt`r y id Um`krd nmijsjndi (Adrry Ujtt`r dgk ta`pamijsjpa`r»s stjg`). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Ojdgg` B.Sjwimgl. Kdvmk A`yhdg. PVD, 3554.

Ajrrjr k` Kräfuid (Ajrrjr jn Krdfuid). Cdsdkd `g id jcrd k`Crdh Vtjb`r. [`r`gf` Nmsa`r. PVD, 4=01.

Aulj ([a` mgv`gtmjg jn Aulj Fdcr`t). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìid k`Crmdg Vìzgmfb. Hdrtmg Vfjrs`s`. PVD, 3544.

Mi pjrtdcjrs`. Kdgmì` Iufa`ttm. Mtdimd, 4==5. Mgkmdgd Ojg`s `g ì r`mgj k` id fdidv`rd k` frmstdi (Mgkmdgd

Ojg`s dgk ta` bmglkjh jn ta` frystdi sbuii). Vt`v`g Vpmìc`rl.PVD, 3551.

Mgkmdgd Ojg`s y id ÿitmhd Fruzdkd (Mgkmdgd Ojg`s dgk ta` idstFrusdk`). Vt`v`g Vpmìc`rl. PVD, 4=1=.

Mgkmdgd Ojg`s y ijs fdzdkjr`s kì Drfd p`rkmkd (Mgkmdgd Ojg`sdgk ta` rdmk`rs jn ta` ijst Drb). Vt`v`g Vpmìc`rl. PVD, 4=14.

Mgnmkìmkdk (Pgndmtanui). Dkrmdg Iyg`. PVD, 3553. Mgtìml`gfmd drtmnmfmdi (Drtmnmfmdi mgtìiml`gf` ‖ DM). Vt`v`g

Vpmìc`rl. PVD, 3554.



4=1

M.T. Nörhuid pdrd dhdr (M.T.). Nr`k Vfa`pmsm. PVD, 4==;. Odfb Nrusfmdgt` usfmtj kdi lrupj. @gzd G`lrjgm. Mtdimd, 4==>. Ou`lj sufmj (Njui pidy). Fjimg Amllmgs, PVD, 4=<1. Ou`rld k` sjit`rjs 9Huo`rm`lj `g dpurjs7 ([jhfdts). Lr`ljry

Ujmrm`r. PVD, 3554. Oustd fdusd (Oust fdus`). Drg` Limhfa`r, PVD, 4==0. B`s. Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Cdrry Amg`s. B`g Ijdfa. Lrdg

Cr`tdôd, 4=>=. Id cÿsqu`kd (Gdtmjgdi tr`dsur`). Ojg [urtìtduc, PVD, 355;. Id fdrtd k` dhjr ([a` ijv` i`tt`r). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`

Fdtai``g Vfamg`. U`t`r Fadg. PVD, 4===. Id fì`stmgd. Cdsdkd `g id jcrd k` N`rgdgkj k` Sjods.

L`rdrkj ^`rd. @spdôd, 4==>. Id frukd v`rkdk ([a` uliy truta). Sjc`rt Iub`tmf. PVD, 355=. Id kmsfr`td (Id kmsfrít`). Farmstmdg ^mgf`gt. Nrdgfmd, 4==5. Id ì`ffmög k` Vjnèd (Vjpam`”s fajmf`). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`

\miimdh Vtyrjg. Didg Udbuid. PVD, 4=13. Id `sfuìd (Id sfujid). Kdgmì` Iufa`ttm. Mtdimd, 4==0.

Id nu`rzd k` id v`rkdk (S`ldrkmgl A`gry). Hmb` Gmfajis. PVD,4==4. Id nu`rzd kì smi`gfmj (Mi pr`n`ttj km n`rrj). Udsfdi` Vqumtm`rm.

Mtdimd, 4=<<. Id lu`rrd k` Adrt (Adrt”s \dr). Lr`ljry Ajcimt. PVD, 3553. Id lu`rrd k` ids ldidxmds (Vtdr \drs. @pmsjkmj MMM? Id v`gldgzd

k` ijs Vmta). L`jrl` Iufds. PVD, 3550. Id amod k` hm o`n` (Hy cjss”s kdulat`r). Kdvmk _ufb`r. PVD,

3556. Id amstjrmd smg nmg M 9Id amstjrmd mgt`rhmgdci`7 ([a` g`v`r`gkmgl

stjry). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Hmfadì @gk`. \jinldglU`t`rs`g. Di`hdgmd, 4=1;.

Id amstjrmd smg nmg MM 9Id amstjrmd mgt`rhmgdci` 37 ([a`g`v`r`gkmgl stjry). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Hmfadì @gk`.L`jrl` Hmii`r. Di`hdgmd, 4==4.

Id amstjrmd smg nmg MMM 9Id amstjrmd mgt`rhmgdci` 67 ([a`g`v`r`gkmgl stjry MMM? @sfdp` nrjh Ndgtdsmd) Cdsdkd `g id

gjvìd k` Hmfadì @gk`. U`t`r HdfKjgdik. PVD-Di`hdgmd,4==;.



4==

Id msid k` Gmh (Gmh»s msidgk). Hdrb I`vmg y O`ggmn`r Nidfb`tt.PVD, 3551.

Id idlugd dzui ([a` ciu` idljjg). Sdgkdi Bi`ms`r. PVD, 4=15. Id Imld k` ijs fdcdii`rjs `xtrdjrkmgdrmjs 9Id Imld

`xtrdjrkmgdrmd7 ([a` I`dlu` jn `xtrdjrkmgdry l`gti`h`g).Vt`pa`g Gjrrmgltjg. PVD, 3556.

Id häsfdrd k` Kmhmtrmjs ([a` hdsb jn Kmhmtrmjs). O`dgG`lui`sfj. PVD, 4=;;.

Id häsfdrd g`lrd (Cidfb hdsb). Kdgmì I``. Famgd, 4===. Id hjhmd ([a` huhhy). Vt`pa`g Vuhh`rs. PVD, 4===.

Id huo`r sdgkèd ([a` wdt`rhìjg wjhdg). Fa`ryi Kugy`,PVD, 4==>. Id gmô`rd hälmfd (Gdggy HfUa``). Bmrb Ojg`s. PVD-Lrdg

Cr`tdôd, 3550. Id gjv`gd pu`rtd ([a` gmgta ldt`). Sjhdg Ujidgsbm. @spdôd-

Nrdgfmd, 4===. Id pjgtènmf` 9Id pdpmsd Oudgd7 (Ujp` Ojdg), (Km` pdpstmg).

Cdsdkd `g id jcrd k` Kjggd \jjinjib Frjss. Vjgb` \jrthdg. Di`hdgmd, 3545.

Id prjn`fèd ([a` jh`g). Smfadrk Kjgg`r. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 4=<>. Id Vjfm`kdk k` ijs pj`tds hu`rtjs (K`dk pj`ts sjfm`ty).

U`t`r \`mr. PVD, 4=1=. Ids dids kì k`s`j (\mgls jn k`smr`). \mh \`gk`rs. Di`hdgmd,

4=1< Ids cruods k` @dstwmfb ([a` wmtfa`s jn @dstwmfb). Cdsdkd `g

id gjvìd k` Ojag Ppkmb`. L`jrl` Hmii`r. PVD, 4=1<. Ids frögmfds k` Vpmk`rwmfb. Hdrb \dt`rs. PVD, 3551. Idzjs auhdgjs (D tr`` lrjws mg Crjjbiyg). @imd Bdzdg. PVD,

4=;0. I`ldkj k` vmji`gfmd (Pgk`rtjw). Kdvmk Ljrkjg Lr``g. PVD,

355;. I`jg`rd. Udcij [rdp`rj. Drl`gtmgd-Crdsmi, 3551. Imstd k` `sp`rd. Oudg Fdrijs [dcmj. Fucd-@spdôd, 4===. Ijs fdzdndgtdshds (Lajstcust`rs). Mvdg S`mtgdg. PVD, 4=1;. Ijs rèjs k` fjijr pÿrpurd (I`s Smvmár`s Ujurpr`s). Hdttamù

Bdssjvmtz. Nrdgfmd, 3555. Ijs s`ms smlgjs k` id iuz ([a` kdrb ms rmsmgl). Cdsdkd `g ids

gjvìds k` Vusdg Fjjp`r. Kdvmk I. Fuggmgladh. PVD, 355<.

http://www.escribiendocine.com/personas/sonke-wortman

http://www.escribiendocine.com/pais/alemania

http://www.escribiendocine.com/pais/alemania

http://www.escribiendocine.com/personas/sonke-wortman



355

Ijs sm`t` p`fdkjs fdpmtdi`s (V`v`g). Kdvmk Nmgfa`r. PVD,4==0.

Ijs t`stmljs ([a` ldta`rmgl). Crmdg Lmic`rt. Lrdg Cr`tdôd,3553.

Ijs tr`s k`s`js ([a` tamrk wmsa). Vaìi`y O`gs`g. PVD, 3550. Hdlgjimd. Udui [ajhds Dgk`rsjg. PVD, 4===. Hdgudi kì ojv`g `gv`g`gdkjr ([a` yjugl pjmsjg`r”s

adgkcjjb). C`gydhmg Sjss. S`mgj Pgmkj - Di`hdgmd, 4==0. Hätdh` sudv`h`gt` (Bmiimgl h` sjntiy). Bdml` Fa`g. S`mgj

Pgmkj, 3553.

Hdtmikd (Hdtmikd). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Sjdik Kdai. KdggyK` ^mtj. PVD, 4==>. Id hu`rt` t` sm`gtd cm`g 9H` sjcrd ugd huo`r7 (Aìij dldmg).

Nrdgb U`rry. PVD, 4=1<. Hm hòjr dhmlj 9Lrdfmds d \mgg-Kmxm`7 (C`fdus` jn \mgg-

Kmxm`). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Bdt` KmFdhmiij. \dyg` \dgl.PVD, 3550.

Hmrdgkd. Hdrf Hugk`g. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 3553. Huo`r sjit`rd cusfd (Vmgli` wamt` n`hdi`). Cdrc`t Vfarj`k`r.

PVD, 4==3. Gj h` mrí smg hm amod (Gj wmtajut hy kdulat`r). Crmdg Lmic`rt.

PVD, 4==5. Gugfd t` vm, sm`hpr` t` dhí (1; Fadrmgl frjss rjdk). Cdsdkd

`g id dutjcmjlrdnèd k` Aì`g` Adgnn. Kdvmk Ojg`s. LrdgCr`tdôd, 4=1<.

Udgtdi`ög y ids vmsmtdkjrds. Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k` Hdrmj^drlds Iijsd. Nrdgfmsfj Ijhcdrkm. @spdôd-U`rÿ, 4===

Udrty lmri. Kdmsy vjg Vfa`ri`r Hdy`r. PVD, 4==0. U`rnuh` k` huo`r (Vf`gt jn wjhdg). Hdrtmg Cr`st. PVD, 4==3. Ujit`rl`mst. Vt`v`g Vpmìc`rl. PVD, 4=13. Ujr sm`hpr` ojv`g (Njr`v`r yjugl). Vt`v` Hmg`r. PVD, 4==3. Tuí cìij `s vmvmr (Mt”s d wjgk`rnui imn`). Nrdgb Fdprd. PVD,

4=;>. S`fuírkdh` (S`h`hc`r h`). Dii`g Fjuit`r. PVD, 3545. S`lr`sj di nuturj 6 (Cdfb tj ta` nutur` 6). Sjc`rt _`h`fbms,

PVD, 4==5. Sjoj fjhj ì fmìj (Sjssj fjh` mi fmìj). Frmstmdgj Cjrtjg`.

Mtdimd, 3551.



354

V`fr`tjs k` ndhmimd (Ndhmiy s`fr`ts). Vdiiy Fadhpimg. PVD,3553.

V`fr`tjs kì pdsdkj (Ijv` sjgl njr Cjccy Ijgl). Vadmg``Ldcì. PVD, 355;.

V`hmiid k` hdikdk (Cidfbcjdrk ougli`). Smfadrks Crjjbs. PVD,4=00.

Vm`hpr` d tu idkj (Adfambj? d kjls»stjry). Idss` Adiistrjh.PVD, 355=.

Vöij prjci`hds (Gjtamgl cut trjuci`). Kdg Dybrjyk. PVD,4==4.

Vjgähcuijs. Hdguì Lutmírr`z Drdlög. @spdôd, 4=<<. Vu jtrd `spjsd (K`sb s`t). \dit`r Idgl. PVD, 4=0<. [m`g`s ug `-hdmi (]ju”v` ljt hdmi). Gjrd @parjg. PVD, 4==1. [m`rrd k` sjhcrds (Vadkjwidgks). Cdsdkd `g ì imcrj k` Crmdg

Vmci`y. Smfadrk Dtt`gcjrjula. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 4==6. [jkjs ijs ajhcr`s kì Ur`smk`gt` (Dii ta` Ur`smk`gt”s h`g).

Didg O. Udbuid. PVD, 4=<>. [jy stjry 6. I`` Pgbmrfa. PVD, 3545.

PAN. Ody I`v`y. PVD, 4=1=. Pg äglì `g hm h`sd (Dg Dglì dt hy tdci`). Odg` Fdhpmjg.Gu`vd _ìdgkd ‖ S`mgj Pgmkj, 4==5.

Pg fdkäv`r `g id cmcimjt`fd ([a` Cjky mg ta` Imcrdry). VmivmjGdrmzzdgj. Lrdg Cr`tdôd, 4=1;.

Pg kèd p`rn`ftj (D p`rn`ft kdy). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`Smfadrk Udui @vdgs. U`t`r I`vmg. PVD, 355>.

Pg iuldr iidhdkj Gjttmgl Amii (Gjttmgl Amii). Sjl`r Hmfaìi. PVD,4===.

Pg hmidlrj pdrd Ijr`gzj (Ijr`gzj”s jmi). B`gg`ky Hmii`r. PVD,4==3.

Pg pdpä k` pìèfuid (Cmiicjdrk kdk). Didg H`tt`r. PVD, 4==1. Pgd fdrd fjg äglì (Nuggy ndf`). Vtdgi`y Kjg`g. PVD, 4=0<. ^`gus. Sjl`r Hmfaìi. S`mgj Pgmkj, 355>. ^mvmr k` miusmög ([a` husmf hdg). Hjrtjg KdFjstd. PVD, 4=>3. ]d `r`s ug hufadfaj lrdgk` (]ju'r` d cml cjy gjw). Nrdgfms

Njrk Fjppjid. PVD, 4=>>.

_jrcd ì lrm`lj (_jrcd ta` lr``b). Cdsdkd `g id gjvìd k`Gmbjs Bdzdgtzdbms. Hmfadì Fdfjydgms. Lr`fmd, 4=>;.

http://alpacine.com/celebridad/89144/







353

[ì`vmsmög

@i drfd k` Gjí ([a` Gjda»s drb). Ojag Mrvmg. PVD, 4===. Cunny, id fdzdvdhpmrjs (Cunny ta` ^dhpmr` Vidy`r). Ojss

\a`kjg. PVD, 4==<-3556 @i cmcimjt`fdrmj (4)? @g cusfd k` id idgzd p`rkmkd ([a` imcrdrmdg?

Tu`st njr ta` sp`dr). U`t`r \mgta`r. PVD, 355;. @i cmcimjt`fdrmj (3)? @i hdpd kì S`y Vdijhög ([a` imcrdrmdg?

S`turg tj Bmgl Vjijhjg»s hmg`s). Ojgdtadg Nrdb`s. PVD,

355>. @i cmcimjt`fdrmj (6)? Id hdikmfmög kì fäimz k` Oukds ([a`

imcrdrmdg? [a` furs` jn ta` Oukds fadimf`). Ojgdtadg Nrdb`s.PVD, 3551.

Id pdmsdgd Odfmgtd. Fdpètuij ‐@i mgfugdci`„. U`rÿ, 4===-3555,Gu`vd t`hpjrdkd 3550.

I` t`h`s d id jsfurmkdk: (Dr` ]ju dnrdmk jn ta` kdrb:) Fdpètuij‐Id cmcimjt`fdrmd smi`gfmjsd„ ([a` tdi` jn ta` qum`t imcr drmdg). K. O.HdfAdi`. Fdgdkä, Fudrtd t`hpjrdkd, Kmfm`hcr` 4==6.

Ijs `squì`tjs k` Fdrjimgd (Fdrjimgd Vbì`tjgs). Cdsdkd `g idgjvìd k` Kdvmk Vtjut. Ojag @rhdg, PVD, 4==4.

Vdid k` i`fturd ([a` r`dkmgl rjjh). L`jrl Vtdgnjrk Crjwg.PVD, 3550.

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joss_Whedon



http://www.cinetube.es/peliculas/accion/ver-pelicula-el-bibliotecario-2-el-mapa-del-rey-salomon.html













Dutjr`s @kmtjr`s - 3546© Ojrl` Fdmf`kj Vdgtdfruz (45-6;6-;<1 k` 3543)

MVCG? @kmfmög mhpr`sd ‖ =<1-=01-;>-31<3-0@-Cjjb ‖ =<1-=01-;>-31<6-3

el mundo de los libros como elemento cinematográfico

Documents