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MB I]MAJ ̂ BK M_XNSNW]KBNGKG.

Xrjd. Akcrnmb _k`z y Lkrnk Cjrik

N`trjguoonÿ`9

Mb tìtubj gmb prmsm`tm kpkrtkgj pkrmom suamrnr n`nonkblm`tm u`k onmrtk mxprmsnÿ`

gm mxtrkmzk y !j n`ormgubngkg kb ksjonkr gjs t"rln`js #um m`trm sì `j pkrmom`

mstkr gnrmotk y bÿanoklm`tm rmbkonj`kgjs.

$m k#uì #um m`dj#umljs mb tmlk gmsgm bk pmrspmotn%k gm mxpbnontkr mb

sna`ndnokgj gm klcjs t"rln`js& mlpmzk`gj pjr bk mspnrntukbngkg pjr smr "stm mb

l's sustk`tn%j& pkrk pjstmrnjrlm`tm trktkr kbau`js pu`tjs gm oj`ojrgk`onk& bks

pkskrmbks gm n`tmrrmbkonÿ` oj` bks okrkotmrìstnoks c'snoks gmb iumaj.

Xbk`tmkr`js u`k pmrspmotn%k gm kcjrgkim& u`k n`trjguoonÿ` k bk tml'tnok

m`lkrokgk pjr mb tìtubj& mspmrk`gj #um susontm& kb lm`js& u`js n`tmrrjak`tms&

u` n`tmr"s pkrk pjstmrnjrms klpbnkonj`ms y prjdu`gnzkonj`ms tmÿrnoks #um

du`gklm`tm` kpbnokonj`ms jpmrktn%ks.

Xkbkcrks obkv j gsorn!tjrs9  iumaj (ulk`j& mspnrntukbngkg& arktungkg&

gmskrrjbbj pmrsj`kb& oj`onm`onk& bncmrtkg& snlcjbnslj.

"j`o!tukbn#konÿ`9 bk s!nrntukbngkg

Mb t"rln`j mspnrntukbngkg!mspnrntukbngkgms ms susomptncbm gm l)btnpbms

n`tmrprmtkonj`ms m` du`onÿ` gmb prm%nj pjsnonj`klnm`tj ngmjbÿanoj! dnbjsÿdnoj

n`nonkb. *u`#um bjs mstugnjs (nstÿrnojs rmoj`jom` mb oj`omptj gm +mspìrntu, m`

l)btnpbms oubturks y ojslj%nsnj`ms& ms u` t"rln`j!tmrrm`j prjcbml'tnoj&

klcnauj& m` ouk`tj #um sm prmstk k %n%nr gm bj nlkan`krnj& gm bks dk`tksìks y

gmb gmsmj. -j` drmoum`onk ms tklcn"` n`m%ntkcbm okmr m` kbau`k obksm gm

gjalktnslj l's j lm`js tm`gm`onjsj y gjotrn`krnj j cnm` sucimtn%nzkrbj

us'`gjbj ojlj tmrkpnk n`gn%ngukb j l"tjgj kutjarktndnok`tm. $m k(ì #um kbau`jsk`kbnstks pbk`tmm` bk gnojtjlìk m`trm mspnrntukbngkg!ms gm %ngk y gm lumrtm.

Xmrj tklcn"` ms onmrtj #um k `n%mb gmb nlkan`krnj ojbmotn%j& mb oj`omptj sm (k

ksjonkgj k u`k n`tmrprmtkonÿ` oksn m` mxobusn%k prmgjln`k`tmlm`tm gmb tnpj

rmbnanjsjtmnstk. /k oktmajrìk gm rmbnanÿ` nlpbnok& ojlj skcmljs& u` snstmlk gm

ormm`onks& oubtj& ljrkb y u`k mstruoturk ckskgk m` bk ngmk gm gn%n ǹgkg

skarkgk. Mn`stmn` (kcbkck gm trms mstkgnjs gm bk mxpmrnm`onk rmbnanjsk8 rmbnanÿ`

gmb lnmgj& prjpnk gmb (jlcrm prnlntn%j; rmbnanÿ` ljrkb j sjonkb& gmsmj gm auìk&

kljr; mb tmromrj smrìk sm`tnlnm`tj oÿslnoj k pkrtnr gmb jrgm` y krlj`ìk gm bk

`kturkbmzk #um sm gmrn%k gm bk okpkongkg gm ojlprm`gmrbj.

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/k k`trjpjbjaìk rmbnanjsk (k gmsoucnmrtj #um mb oj`omptj gm (jlj rmbnanjsus

mxnstm gmsgm (kom gjs lnbbj`ms gm kjs y lk`ndnmstk& sjcrm tjgj& bk

prmjoupkonÿ` gmb smr (ulk`j pjr mb l's kbb'. Mb rmo(kzj onm`tndnstk gm bk

rmbnanÿ`& bk n`ojlpktncnbngkg rkgnokb onm`onk 3rmbnanÿ`& ms mb rmsubtkgj gm u`

prjomsj (nstÿrnoj gmskrrjbbkgj m` ?oongm`tm gmsgm mb snabj 7=44. 1` kutjr 

sna`ndnoktn%j gm mstm pbk t̀mklnm`tj ms *. -jlptm dnbÿsjdj y sjonÿbjaj drk`o"s

gm jrnm t̀konÿ` pjsntn%nstk. _u kpjrtkonÿ` l's smkbkgk k bk (nstjrnk gmb

pm`sklnm`tj ms u` ms#umlk& mxtm`gngj y ojlpkrtngj pjr luo(js

n`tmbmotukbms y onm t̀ìdnojs& ckskgj m` bk bmy gm bjs trms mstkgnjs #um bk

(ulk`ngkg gmcmrìk rmojrrmr pkrk kbok`zkr su pbm`j gmskrrjbbj8 mb mstkgnj

rmbnanjsj j lìstnoj& mb dnbjsÿdnoj j kcstrkotj y mb )btnlj onm`tìdnojpjsntn%j

5klcn"` mxnstm` onm`tìdnojs #um kglntm` #um gnjs `j ms jcimtj pkrk bk onm`onk

pjr#um `n mxnstm `n `j mxnstm; `j ms okptkcbm onm`tìdnoklm`tm. _ì #um mxnstm`

n`%mstnakonj`ms gm oÿlj bj rmbnanjsj!mspnrntukb mst' kdmotk`gj mb omrmcrj kpkrtnr gm bk kpjrtkonÿ` gm bk ljgmr`k `murjoubturk gm #um tjgks bks oubturks

gmpm`gm` gmb du`onj`klnm`tj )btnlj gm `umstrj omrmcrj.

 *otukblm`tm pjgrìkljs smkbkr #um sm gk& pjr u` bkgj& u` rmsuranlnm`tj gm bk

mspnrntukbngkg ojlj rmkoonÿ` kb mxomsn%j onm`tndnslj 3rkonj`kbnslj mxobuym`tm

#um bbm%k k bk c)s#umgk gm `um%ksjtrks gnlm`snj`ms gm bk pmrsj`k. ?trj

dkotjr n`dbuym`tm m` mstm rm`konlnm`tj& oj`smoum`onk gm bk

abjckbnzkonÿ`!lnarkonj`ms y oj`tkotj oj` jtrks oubturks& ms bk %kbjrnzkonÿ` gm bj

skarkgj #um djrlk pkrtm gm sus gn%mrsks ojslj%nsnj`ms. Mxnstm kgml's u`k

mspmonm gm `momsngkg gm mxpmrnm`onks pmrsj`kbms rmdmrm`onkbms k`tm bk kotukbsjonmgkg +bì#ungk, m` tmrln`jbjaìk gm gm Ckulk`.

Xmrj mxnstm jtrk oj`omptukbnzkonÿ` gmb t"rln`j +mspnrntukbngkg, rmdmrngk k bk

oj`gnonÿ` (ulk`k gm tjgjs #um sm m`oum t̀rk tklcn"` m` trkgnonj`ms gm

skcngurìk& m` gn%mrsks ojslj%nsnj`ms. M` mstk pmrspmotn%k mb smr (ulk`j `kom

y sm (kom. M` oj`smoum`onk (kcbkr gm mspìrntu ms ojlm`zkr pjr bk

rmoj`struoonÿ` gmb (jlcrm lnslj& gm lk`mrk #um sm (kom mspìrntu lmgnk`tm bj

#um =jbpn`n bbklk kutjormkonÿ` y bk koonÿ` (nstÿrnok

 *sì& m` mb pu`tj gm pkrtngk gm tjgk mxpmrnm`onk mspnrntukb mst' bk sucimtn%ngkgpmrsj`kb y #u" kotntug sm kgjptk k`tm bk mxnstm`onk. /k msm`onk gmb okln`j gm

bk (ulk`nzkonÿ` ms bk okpkongkg gm (komr prmau`tks gmdǹ ntn%ks. M` su %ngk

u`j gmcm gmongnr sn bj mxnstm t̀m tnm`m du`gklm`tj j `j& skcmr kglntnr kb

lnstmrnj gmb n`oj`sonm`tm& gmb snbm`onj gmb 1`n%mrsj& gm bk %ngk& mb skcmr komptkr 

bjs bìlntms gmb pbk`mtk y gm bk mspmonm (ulk`k.

Mb ormonlnm`tj n`tmrnjr j mspnrntukb ms u` prjomsj rmdmrngj k bk %ngk n`tmr`k gmb yj

l's prjdu`gj& #um ms okpkz gm skbnr gmb okpkrkzÿ` gmb maj y pmrlntnr #um bk

%ngk sm gmspbnmaum kcnmrtk m` `jsjtrjs k dk%jr gm tjgjs bjs smrms& y k bk

`j%mgkg kcsjbutk.

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_n` mlckraj mb ormonlnm`tj n`tmrnjr sm prjguom tklcn"` m` bk lmgngk m` #um ln

ojlpjrtklnm`tj ms kgmoukgj k bk m%jbuonÿ` %ntkb. Ms u`k c)s#umgk m` tjr`j k

u`k ngmk du`gklm`tkb& u`js %kbjrms #um %k` l's kbb' gm bj cnjbÿanoj. 1`k "tnok

#um tm`ak m` oum`tk bk oj`ljonÿ` k`tm mb sudrnlnm`tj (ulk`j. Xmrj (mljs gm

tm`mr m` oum`tk #um bks ngmks du`gklm`tkbms sj` arktuntks. >j pumgms

rmojbjokrbks m` `n`a)` lmrokgj. _u %kbjr ms n`trì`smoj yk #um pjr mimlpbj u`k

klnstkg prjdu`gk `j tnm`m prmonj. Mb sm`tngj )btnlj gmb %kbjr dnbjsÿdnoj j

ngmjbÿanoj sm tjlk m` oum t̀k sjbj su okpkongkg gm jrgm`klnm`tj j gm

rmmstruoturkonÿ`& gmrn%kgk gm u` supumstj du`gklm`tkb #um pugnmrk smr cnm`

mb tm`mr ojlj (jrnzj`tm bk bncmrkonÿ` gmb smr (ulk`j j cnm` oj`sngmrkrbj

pmrlk`m`tm m n`supmrkcbmlm`tm gmsgno(kgj ? pjr mimlpbj gmdn`nrsm sjcrm mb

%kbjr !ngmk du`gklm`tkb gmb smr (ulk`j ojlj dn`kbngkg j ojlj

n`strulm`tkbnzkonÿ` jcimtukb.

Xjr tk`tj bk prmlnsk c'snok ms #um bj du`gklm t̀kbms ms arktuntj. *sìoj`stktkljs #um bk prnlmrk mxpmrnm`onk `jrlkblm`tm bk lkgrm y mb `nj ms bk

gm smr n`%ntkgjs y kojangjs m` mb rmn`j gm bk rmkbngkg& bk gm smr gmspmrtkgjs m`

%nrtug gm bk pkbkcrk kljrjsk gm bk lkgrm. 9 gmsgm bk rmomptn%ngkg gm bk

mxnstm`onk arktuntk& gmsoucrms #um bk rmkbngkg ms u` gj` y lmgnk`tm mb

m`oum`trj pmrsj`kb mxpmrnlm`tks #um mb yj bbmak k su rmkbnzkonÿ` arkonks kb t).

Mb iumaj y bk mspnrntukbngkg prmsm t̀k` mb lnslj okr'otmr gm `momsngkg&

m`tm`gngk "stk m` sm`tngj (ulk`nzkgjr y `j gm bk `momsngkg prnlkrnk bnakgk

k bk supmr%n%m`onk. *u`#um bj am`mrkb ms iuzakrbj ojlj supmrdbuj pjr bk

lkyjrìk gm bk am`tm& bjs kutjrms l's sna`ndnoktn%js #um (k` kcjrgkgj gmsgm bkpmrspmotn%k tmÿrnokdnbjsÿdnok mb tmlk gmb iumaj (k` ojn`ongngj m` smkbkr 

gmtmrln`kgjs dkotjrms #um okrkotmrnzk` mstm dm`ÿlm`j. *bau`js gm mstjs

okrkotmrms c'snojs sj` bk kutj`jlìk y bk bncmrtkg #um k su %mz sj`

oj`stntutn%js gmb prjomsj gm ormonlnm`tj pmrsj`kb.

 *b rmspmotj 6unzn`ak rmskbtk +bk du`onÿ` #um gk sm`tngj k bk joupkonÿ`

%ntkb,.2um bk oubturk sm gmskrrjbbk m` mb iumaj y ojlj iumaj. Akgklmr (kcbk gm

kutjrmprmsm t̀konÿ` mb smr lk`ndmstkgj k t̀m "b lnslj y k t̀m bjs jtrjs.

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Mb iumaj ms sjcrm tjgj u` mspkonj gm bncmrtkg 0ouk`gj bk pmrsj`k gmongm iuakr:

y pjr msj bj (kom `momskrnj m` `umstrk %ngk y tklcn"` djrlk pkrtm gmb prjomsj

gmb gmskrrjbbj mspnrntukb jrnm`tkgj k bk lkgurkonÿ` pmrsj`kb y gm pmrtm`m`onk k

bk ojlu`ngkg. Ms u`k kotn%ngkg n`(mrm`tm kb smr (ulk`j #um bm pmrlntm

trkspkskr bjs bìlntms purklm`tm cnjbÿanojs j dìsnojs ku`#um mxnstm mb rnmsaj gm

#um sm rmkbnom gm ljgj #um `j gmim (umbbk m` `umstrk %ngk ojtngnk`k gmim& y sm

rmguzok sÿbj kb kspmotj pbkom`tmrj ! %mrtnan`jsj.

Xjgr$k%js oj`obunr k&nr%k`gj 'u  bj du`gklm`tkb gm bk %ngk ms arktuntj.

5k`tj mb iumaj ojlj bk mspnrntukbngkg (ulk`nzkgjrk& mb n`ormlm`tj l'xnlj gm

oj`onm`onk& prmsm`tk` u` okr'otmr gm arktungkg Xmrj gkgj mb kspmotj gm

klcnaHmgkg& ojlj pjr jtrk pkrtm ms oj`sustk`onkb k bk oj`gnonÿ` (ulk`k& #um

pumgm gmskrrjbbkr kspmotjs gm n`%jbuonÿ` `maktn%js& ms `momskrnj smkbkr 

kbau`js n`gnokgjrms gm bk mspnrntukbngkg sk`k. M`trm mbbjs rmskbtkrìkljs8 bk

okpkongkg gm djrlubkrsm prmau`tks msm`onkbms sjcrm mb sm`tngj gm `umstrkmxnstm`onk y oj`gnonÿ` (ulk`k& bk gm am`mrkr kpjrtkonj`ms jrnan`kbms ormktn%ks

y `j gmstruotn%ks& lm`tkbngkg kcnmrtk& mb gmskrrjbbj gm bk pjtm`onkbngkg gm smr 

l's ojlj pmrsj`k sn`aubkr.

 *gml's (kcrìk #um smkbkr 8 mb mstkcbmomr rmbkonj`ms n`tmrpmrsj`kbms pjsntn%ks&

gm gmspbkzkr mb prjpnj n`tmr"s m` rmbkonÿ` kb gm bjs gml's& rmspmtkr bks rmabks

gm oj`%n%m`onk "tnokmlpktìk oj` mb sudrnlnm`tj& bk okpkongkg gm rmkoonÿ` k`tm

bks gndnoubtkgms ouk`gj sm m`drm t̀k kb drkoksj& mb m`oj`trkr kbmarìk m` bk

prjsmouonÿ` gm jcimtn%js ojlu`ms ku` ouk`gj `j sm kbok`om`.

9 pjr )btnlj rmlkrokr #um bk kotn%ngkg b)gnok oj`trncuym kb gmskrrjbbj gm msks

okpkongkgms. Mb iumaj pjsncnbntk bk ormktn%ngkg ojlpkrtngk& mb m`oum`trj oj` mb

jtrj& bk kpmrturk gnkbjakb. Ms msm`onkb pkrk mb gmskrrjbbj (ulk`j y pjr tk`tj

oj`trncuym k bk mlmram`onk gm u`js %kbjrms #um n`ormlm`tk` bk oj`onm`onk!

mspnrntukbngkg pmrsj`kb. M` gmdn`ntn%k #um u`k lkyjr oj`onm`onk b)gnok

ojlpjrtk u`k lkyjr pjsncnbngkg gm ojlprm`gmrsm k sì lnslj y ojlprm`gmr mb

lu`gj.