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Chapter 11: Math

NeoOffice User Guide for 2.x 1



Copyright and Trademark Information: NeoOffice User Guide for 2.x, based on OpenOffice.org User Guide for Version 2.xThe contents of this Documentation are subject to the Public Documentation License,Version 1.0 (the "License"); you may only use this Documentation if you comply with theterms of this License. A copy of the License is available at:

http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/PDL.rtf . The Original Documentation is “OpenOffice.org User Guide for Version2.x”.

Contributor(s): G. Roderick Singleton.

Portions created by G. Roderick Singleton are Copyright © 2005, 2006.All Rights Reserved.

All trademarks within this guide belong to legitimate owners.[ Note : a copy of the PDL is included in this template, at the back of NeoOffice User Guide for 2.x , and isalso available at: http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/PDL.rtf . ]

FeedbackPlease direct any comments or suggestions about the original OpenOffice.org documentto: [email protected] .

Note: Gerry Singleton passed away on 12 May 2007. Please direct communication [email protected] now.

Acknowledgements As printed in OpenOffice.org 2.0 User Guide : I wish to recognize the Technical Writersof Sun Microsystems for the fine model they have provided for organizing thisdocument. I also wish to thank Erwin Tenhumberg for his blog, Mary Ellen Dawley for

indexing and Ross Johnson for his editing/corrections.Notes Concerning NeoOffice EditionEditing by Peter Mitchell and Jacqueline Gouguenheim-Desloy

Most screenshots in the NeoOffice Edition contain icons from the Akua Iconsetdeveloped for NeoOffice 2.x Copyright © 2006-2007 Armando Nava, Daniel Pimley &Oscar Van Vliet

To contact Peter Mitchell about the NeoOffice Edition, [email protected]

Portions created by the NeoOffice editors and the creators of the Akua

icons are Copyright © 2006, 2007. All Rights Reserved.With thanks to Patrick Luby and Ed Peterlin, to all the helpful andencour aging people on Trinity forum (for users of NeoOffice), and to

James Birch. In Memoriam Gerry Singleton, without whose enormous efforts this publication would not have been possible.

http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/PDL.rtf


http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/PDL.rtf.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Comment/suggestions%20for%20the%20User%20Guide





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Chapter 11: Using NeoOffice Math

NeoOffice MathMost people who are using Math will know what it is for, so this explanation is for thosenew to the program. It is a specialist program described as OpenOffice.org's (and hence

NeoOffice's) component for mathematical equations. It is most commonly used as anequation editor for text documents, but it can also be used with other types of documentsor stand-alone. When used inside Writer, the equation is treated as an object inside thetext document. Similarly, one can also insert these equations into other NeoOffice/OpenOffice.org programs like Calc and Impress.

Using Math, there are three main ways of entering a formula:○ Type markup in the equation editor.

○ Right-click on the equation editor and select the symbol from the context menu.○ Select a symbol from the Selection toolbox.

(- reference, http://www.openoffice.org/product/math.html )

It is similar to Microsoft Equation Editor. It supports multiple fonts and can export toPDF.


http://www.openoffice.org/product/math.html

http://www.openoffice.org/product/math.html



Formula EntryMain View of NeoOffice Formula.

Tool bar The tool bar is divided into two parts.

The upper part is for adjusting the on screen size of the image. It is only active when youopen an independent formula: File > New > Formula. The lower part contains an iconfor an interactive cursor, and an icon for inserting special characters. It is always active.




Command Icon BoxThe command icon box provides a method of writing an equation using GUI similar toother word processors.

The upper two rows in the icon box are menus that call the actual command buttons intothe lower portion of the command box. The command buttons are used to insert theappropriate command at the cursor position in the command field.

Command Dialog Box

The command dialog box displays the commands that create the equation. The dialog boxcan be edited directly.

Creating an Equation with Dialog CommandsTo create an equation with equation editor, enter the programming commands in logicalsequence into the dialog box. The commands entered are similar to the commands usedto generate equations in TeX ( a scientific publishing format).

Maintaining logical consistency of the commands entered into the dialog box isimportant. The brackets used in the dialog box must be matched, for example all "(" musthave a corresponding ")".




Here are some examples. As can be seen, it is really simple to type formulae in the dialog box.

Command Input Field Formula

1+1=2 1 1= 2

The next example shows how round brackets ( ) and braces { } are used. The parenthesisare used when it is desired to display grouping in the equation, the brace is used to groupthe commands, but to not display. If braces are needed in an equation, then the lbrace

and rbrace commands are used.


(1+2) over (2+3) 1 22 3

{ 1+2 } over { 2+3 } 1 22 3

lbrace 1+2 rbrace over lbrace 2+3 rbrace {1 2 }{2 3 }

Here is a more complicated example.


{{1 over 5} +4} over {5+{4+1}over{3+3+1}} 15

4

54 1

3 3 1




Special FormattingOf course there are many other types of groupings that can be created with NeoOffice.

Exponentiation:


2^3 2 3

5^(1+3+3^2) 5 1 3 32

Subscripting:


a_3 a 3

(1 over i)_%alpha +%delta_3 1i 3

Leading and trailing superscript and subscript:


2 lsub ( 123 ) 2123

2 rsub ( 123 ) 2 123

2 lsup ( 123 ) 2123

2 rsup ( 123 ) 2123

Bi lsup{209}+fe lsup{58} toward Mtlsup{266}lsub{109} +n lsup {1}

Bi209 fe58 Mt 109266 n1

In the last example, the 'Mt' has both leading superscript and subscript applied. Thisrequires only typing both commands after 'Mt'.




Centre subscript / superscript:


{2-4*3} csub ( 123 ) 2− 4∗3123

+18 csup ( plus ) - (1+2+3+4) csub {minus}18plus

− 1 2 3 4minus

Under brace / Over brace:


+ 18 underbrace plus - ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4)underbrace minus

18 plus

− 1 2 3 4minus

+ 18 overbrace plus - ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4) overbraceminus 18

plus

− 1 2 3 4

minus

Various types of BracketsIn almost all equations various types of brackets are required. NeoOffice formula allows

the use of several kinds of brackets.{ } structural braces: used to group parts of an equation for programming purposes.

( ) Parenthesis: used to group parts of an equation. Parenthesis are displayed in the finalequation.

[ ] square brackets: usage is the same as parenthesis ( ).

{ } braces: as the keyboard characters { } are used for program commands and are notdisplayed in the resulting formula, braces must be typed as lbrace for '{' and rbrace for '}'

The size of brackets can be controlled with the commands 'left' and 'right'





(1+2 - 2 cdot (2 over (2 - 1 )))1 2− 2⋅

22−

1left (1+2-2 cdot left (2 over {2-1} right ) right )

1 2 − 2⋅2

2− 1

left lbrace a^2+b^2=c^2 right rbrace {a 2 b2= c2}

Special Characters

Many equations use special characters in addition to the usual characters of the alphabet. NeoOffice provides an easy method to use Greek characters, while any other character inthe available fonts can be used.

The Sigma appears in the tool bar when NeoOffice Formula is active. This activates thedialog for special characters.

The Greek letters and other symbols can be entered directly into the command dialog box by entering the name of the special character preceded by %, for example %SIGMA

produces Σ and %mu gives μ .




Special OperatorsThe following examples show the use of some special operators

Integral Sign:


int from {1} to {+infinity}{x^{-3 over 2}over 3} dx = "?" ∫

1

∞ x

− 32

3dx= ?

Summation Character:


sgn (%sigma) cdot sum from {%SIGMA in%PHI}{1 over {1 - aleph_%sigma^2}} sgn ⋅∑

∈

1

1−ℵ 2

Product Character:


prod from {i=1} to {i=100}{{ (x_i+1) cdotx_i^3} over { x_i^2 -1 } } = "?" ∏

i= 1

i= 100 xi 1 ⋅ xi3

xi2− 1

= ?




Vectors and MatricesVectors and Matrices are created by the 'stack' and 'matrix' commands respectively.These commands are used with the octothorp # to indicate elements, and double

octothorp##

to indicate new line. An empty element is indicated by structural braces {}.Vector Vectors are composed using the 'stack' command as follows:


left (stack {A # B # a+b=c } right ) A B

a b= cleft( stack {alignr 1 # 2 } right) + left( stack { 2

# 3 } right) + left( stack { 3 # 1 } right)12

23

31

MatrixMatrices are composed using the matrix command as follows:


left( matrix { 1 # 2 ## 2 # 3 } right) = x 1 22 3

= x

abs matrix { a # b ## c # {} } = y

∣a bc ∣= y

left[ matrix { {1 over 2} # b ## c # d } right] =z [12 b

c d ]= z

FormattingThere are some additional formating commands that are available in NeoOffice Formula.These allow adjustment of the size, colour, and layout of the equation.

SizeThe instruction size changes the size of text in the equation.





size -2 { a+b} = size +10 {C}a b = C

Colour The instruction “colour” changes the colour of the text in the equation.

Colours available are red, blue, green, yellow, white, and black (default),


colour blue A Aleft( matrix { { colour red 1} # { colour blue 2}## {colour green 3} # 4 } right) = colour black {x}

1 23 4

= x

LayoutVarious text formating commands are available to change the layout.


bold {"bold"} newline "newline" bold

newline

AlignmentThe alignment commands are available to change the position of the elements of anequation with respect to each other.


stack{ alignr a ={} # alignr b+c+d ={}}stack{ alignl 12 # alignl b^2-2 }

a =b c d =

12

b 2− 2




Examples Now for the complicated examples:


nroot{4}{nroot {3} {1 over 3+x^2} }4 3 1

3 x 2

ldline R_ %alpha rdline =left ldline matrix {sin%alpha # -cos %alpha ## cos %alpha # sin%alpha} right rdline

∥ R ∥=∥sin −coscos sin ∥

{partial over {partial t} x(t)}+a(x)=%lambdacdot F(x,t)

∂∂ t

x t a x = ⋅F x , t

matrix{a_11 # a_12 # dotsaxis #a_{"1m"} ##a_21 # a_22 # dotsaxis # a_{"2m"} ##dotsvert #dotsvert #dotsdown #dotsvert ##a_{"n1"} # a_{"n2"} # dotsaxis #a_{"nm"}}

a 11 a 12⋯ a 1m

a 21 a 22 ⋯ a 2m

⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮a n1 a n2 ⋯ a nm

sqrt{1-x} = 1 - x over 2 - 1 over 2 x^2 over 4 -dotslow 1− x= 1− x

2− 1

2 x2

4−

t= size +6 int from {r_0} to {r_t} size -8 {dr over sqrt {2 over %mu [E_cm - V(r)] - l^2 over {%mu^2 r^2} } } t =∫

r 0

r t

dr

2 [ E cm − V r ]−l 2

2 r 2

left ( stack{n # k} right ) = fact n over {fact k cdot fact (n-k)}

nk

= n!k !⋅ n− k !

f(x) = left lbrace matrix {1# "if"# x in setZ ## 1 over x# "if" # x in setQ ##0 #"if"# x in setR } right none

f x ={1 if x∈ℤ1

xif x∈ℚ

0 if x∈ℝ

[a;a_0,a_1,a_2,dotslow ] = a+{1 over {a_0+1over {a_1+{1 over {a_2+1 over dotslow}}}}} [a ; a 0, a1, a 2, ]= a

1

a 0 1a 1

1

a 2

1


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