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GIUBXBEGE EM G[SMFEBQGAM I]GUSL

[MG OGSS]HL XG@MFUF.Smiursls Fgturg`ms mf Ruigtf

Mxbstmf ebvmrsls rmiursls qum mf mstg cm``g mftbege plemols gprlvmingr y slcrmtlel,prltmdmr y prmsmrvgr.

@ls imfltms. Drutgs. [umrtls. H`lrg y hgufg.

Smiursls fgturg`ms rmflvgc`ms y `ls mxp`ltgels mf

Ruigtf.

Gftms em omfiblfgr mstm tmog, ngy qum rmilregr qum `ls tbpls em rmiursls sm ebvbemfmf els1 rmflvgc`ms y fl rmflvgc`ms y `g prbomrg sm sucebvbem mf cbl`dbils y mfhsbils.

@ls rmiursls fgturg`ms qum tmfmols y qum slf rmflvgc`ms ms `g vmdmtgibf

ilol plr mamop`l mst m` Cg`in, m` Imerl, `g Imbcg, m` H`goclyf y m` Iglcg. Ugocbfflsltrls slols prleuitlrms em Inb`m Ngcgfmrl, Ulogtm yuigtmil, [mpbfl C`gfil

Ogz, g Ogfegrbfg, mtitmrg.

Ugocbf, ltrl em `ls rmiursls fgturg`ms qum mxbstm mf mstg mftbege ms `g Yg`bfg

qum sm ucbig mf @gs Il`lrgegs, Sbl @gdgrtls elfem sm mxtrgm. Mf prlomebl sm mxtrgm

os em 8=; ob` tlfm`gegs em sg` g` gl g fbvm` fgiblfg` m bftmrfgiblfg .

C @IN IMESL IMBC H@ OCLRF I LC

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G`tmrfgtbvgs mfmrdtbigs.

Smilremols qum Ruigtf pumem smr uf cumf prleuitlr em mfmrdg plr omebl em `gNberl`ldg, msm rmiursl fgturg` pumem smr gprlvmingel g` oxbol pgrg emagr em

ilftgobfgr g` omebl gocbmftm plr omebl em `g mfmrdg.

Mf qu ilfsbstm< Cumfl, ilfsbstm mf qum m` nberdmfl ms uf ilocustbc`m qumfl dmfmrg fbfdf tbpl em ilftgobfgibf y qum sustbtuym g `g dgsl`bfg, m` dgs y ltrlsilocustbc`ms y pumem dmfmrgr m`mitrbibege g vgrbls `udgrms em `g mftbege.

Ymdf `g Erg. Dlfz`mz Numrtg, omfiblf qu "Ruigtf smrg uf cumf olem`l yuf cumf mstgel pgrg bftrleuibr `g Nberl`ldg. [lerg smr tb` msg mfmrdg pgrg ``mdgr g

iug`qubmr igsg-ngcbtgibf y mvbtgr os ilftgobfgibf".

Ltrgs em `gs g`tmrfgtbvgs qum mstf prmelobfgfel mf `g mftbege ms `g `uz sl`gr,

qum vgrbgs moprmsgs m bfstgfibgs em Dlcbmrfl yg mstf utb`bzgfel pgrg gnlrrgr

m`mitrbibege y gprlvmingr g` ibmf plr ibmftl `g `uz sl`gr. @l og`l em mstls tbpls em

m`mitrbibege ms qum `g Ilobsbf Hmemrg` M`mitrbibege plfm g`dufls lcstiu`ls pgrgbfstg`gr `g `uz sl`gr, yg qum eg `ls prmibls ouy g`tls iugfel fl emcmrg em smr gs.

Ymdf m` Bfd. Als Nuocmrtl @lrg Grib`g, omfiblf qum Ruigtf tbmfm rmiursls

m`bils y sl`grms grrbcg em `g omebg fgiblfg` y tbmfm uf pltmfibg` ouy humrtm qum smpumem mxp`ltgr mf `ls prxbols gls.

Mf ltrl smftbel, mf m` oms em Au`bl em` 3;79 sm ebl g ilflimr qum sm vg g

ilfstrubr uf pgrqum m`bil mf Ezb`go em Crgvl elfem sm utb`bzgr ufg bfhrgmstruiturg

gitug` y ilftgr ilf ufgs =8.59 nmitrmgs gprlxbogegomftm y tmfer igpgibege emdmfmrgibf gprlxbogeg em 4;.3 omdgvgtbls.

MW]B@BCSL YLIBG@ [LS @GY G@UMSFGUBXGY M@IUSBIGYM` mqub`bcrl slibg` ms bfebspmfsgc`m pgrg plemr dgrgftbzgr `g bdug`ege slibg` y `g

mqubege em lplrtufbegems em emsgrrl``l, bfempmfebmftmomftm em `g Ymdurbege Ylibg` l

smrvbibls em` Dlcbmrfl.

Ilf m` tbpl em mfmrdgs qum sm prlplfm, ngcrg os mspgibl pgrg qum `g

plc`gibf tmfdg mfmrdg, y gemos g prmibls ouinls os cgals y ngyg uf cumf

gnlrrl pgrg `ls cl`sb``ls em `ls yuigtmils.

]fl em `ls puftls og`ls qum nucl ilf `g gitug` Smhlrog Mfmrdtbig ms qum, fl

dgrgftbzg `g mfmrdg rmsplfsgc`m y `gs g`tmrfgtbvgs mil`dbigs `gs tbrgf g `g cgsurg, emgn vbfl `gs qumags em ebvmrsgs lrdgfbzgiblfms em `g slibmege ibvb`, yg qum, `l qum sm

fmimsbtg ms bopu`sgr mfmrdgs rmflvgc`ms y fl rmtrlimemr`gs.

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OMALSG EM @G IG@BEGE EM XBEG EM @G [LC@GIBF.Ilf Mfmrdg sm pumemf rmg`bzgr ebvmrsgs gitbvbegems nly mf eg y ebhmrmftms

fmimsbegems csbigs. Omalrgr `g ig`bege em vbeg em `g plc`gibf emcm smr ufl em `gsprblrbegems em igeg Dlcbmrfl y os mf Oxbil.

Ilol sm omfiblf m` suctmog gftmrblr, mf qum sm cgam `ls ilstls em `gs

mfmrdgs mf mstm pgs vg omalrgr sbdfbhbigtbvgomftm, yg qum, cgagrf `ls ilstls em `g

igfgstg csbig y em ltrls prleuitls qum fmimsbtgf mfmrdg l pmtr`ml pgrg plemrtrgfsplrtgrsm g `ls rmspmitbvls `udgrms pgrg su rmpgrtl.

Omalrgr `g ig`bege em vbeg, gemos em `ls ilstls, ngibmfel os hib` `gs `gclrmsqum g ebgrbl sm ``mvm

[rlpumstgs slcrm mfmrdg (g`tmrfgtbvgs).

@gs g`tmrfgtbvgs qum ngf prlpumstl ebhmrmftms mspmibg`bstgs pgrg qum ngyg omflsbopgitl gocbmftg` mf iumstbf em mfmrdg ngf sbel cumfgs, g`dufgs ``mvgegs g igcl y

ltrgs fl.Ilol omfiblf m` tmog gftmrblr, ngy els tbpls em mfmrdg qum mf Ruigtf yg

ngf sbel prlpumstgs, ufg sm ng tlogel qum ms `g mfmrdg sl`gr y `g mfmrdg nberldmfgng sbel sg`tgel plr iumstbf em prmsupumstl, sbf mocgrdl, fl sm ng m`bobfgel.

[mrl, yg ngy ufg fumvg prlpumstg slcrm Mfmrdg M`big qum pumem smr em ouinl

cmfmhbibl, yg qum ngcrg omfls bopgitl gocbmftg`.

]fg g`tmrfgtbvg pgrg m` mhbibmftm usl em `g mfmrdg ms, qum sm usm `ls emsminls

ilol mfmrdg ilol plr mamop`l, m` gimbtm mf m` qum sm ilibfg sm pumeg ilfvmrtbr mfmfmrdg. Mstm tbpl em g`tmrfgtbvg sm mst ogfmagfel mf pgsms emsgrrl``gels.

Olebhbigiblfms g` gocbmftm.

Em` Nlocrm Em `g Fgturg`mzgIugfel ngy slcrmplc`gibf mf g`df

Mstgely iugfel sm slcrmpgsgf `ls `obtm

tmrrbtlrbg`ms.

Iugfel sm slcrmpgsgf `ls `obtms plr `lsplc`gelrms, `g fgturg`mzg pumemrmsplfemr, yg smg iugfel liurrg uf

Usufgob, ibi`f l sbsol, yg qum pumem

ghmitgr g `g plc`gibf qum gn ngcbtg.

Iugfel ngy slcrmplc`gibf, `g ig`bege em`

gbrm sm olebhbig y guomftg m` fbvm` emilftgobfgibf.

G` m`mvgrsm m` fbvm` em ilftgobfgibf,

pumem ghmitgr `g sg`ue em `g dmftm qumngcbtg mf msm fbinly pumem surdbr fumvgs

mfhmromegems l dmfmrgr mpbemobgs.

Iugfel `gs p`gtghlrogs pmtrl`mrgsilftgobfgf `ls ogrms y emagf rmsbeuls.

Iugfel ngy mhmitl em` pmtr`ml, m` ncbtgtogrtbog hg``mim l ilftrgm mfhmromegems

qum slf txbils pgrg m` ilfsuol nuogfl

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Yuimsls gitug`ms.

Murlpmls lctbmfmf qumrlsmfl usgfel gdug `uz sl`gr y IL3]f prlymitl hbfgfibgel plr `g ]fbf Murlpmg (]M) `ldr prleuibr qumrlsmfl rmflvgc`mpgrg rmgitlrms utb`bzgfel `uz sl`gr sbou`geg, gdug y cbxbel em igrclfl (IL3).

M` ng``gzdl pumem guomftgr ilfsbemrgc`momftm `g smdurbege mfmrdtbig y ilfvmrtbrufl em `ls prbfibpg`ms dgsms em mhmitl bfvmrfgemrl igusgftm em` ig`mftgobmftl d`lcg

mf uf rmiursl tb`

Humftm1 nttp1//www.ob`mfbl.ilo/iu`turg/Murlpmls-lctbmfmf-qumrlsmfl-usgfel-IL3\;\3>2447;99.nto

Ilgnub`g dmfmrgr mfmrdg m`bigIlf ufg bfvmrsbf tltg` em 5;; ob``lfms em e`grms, sm cusig

il`ligr 5;; tlrrms mf [grrgs em `g Humftm y Dmfmrg` Impmeg mf

Ilgnub`g y qum ms uf ebstbftbvl qum sm pumeg sm`miiblfgr g uf

mstgel pgrg bfvmrtbr mf mstm rucrl, emcbel g qum fl tlegs `gsmftbegems tbmfmf `gs igrgitmrstbigs pgrg dmfmrgr `g mfmrdg m`big

pums sm tbmfmf qum ngimr mstuebls em ilrrbmftms em gbrm, pgrgplemr emtmrobfgr `g vbgcb`bege em mstm tbpl em prlymitls.

Humftm1 nttp1//www.ob`mfbl.ilo/fmdlibls/[grrgs-Dmfmrg`\Impmeg-mfmrdbg\ml`big-bfstg`giblf-tlrrms\em\vbmftl\;\3>494787>.nto`

Mfmrdg m`big pgrg Ruigtf@g moprmsg omxbigfg Xbvm Mfmrdg mopmzgr m` prxbol oms emgcrb` em` 3;75 ilf `g ilfstruiibf em `g p`gftg em prleuiibf em

mfmrdg m`big, prlymitl qum cusig mf m` `grdl p`gzl rmeuibr m

ilstl em `gs tgrbhgs m`itrbigs mf m` Mstgel.

G` rmspmitl, m` smirmtgrbl em Hlomftl Milfobil, Egvbe G`pbzgr

Igrrb``l, rmilre qum mstm prlymitl tmfer ufg bfvmrsbf em ob

3;; ob``lfms em pmsls y sm mstbog qum g hbfg`ms em gl `g hcrbig

yg mst lpmrgfel g` 7;; plr ibmftl.

Humftm1nttp1//sbftmsbs.ox/grtbiu`ls/77394/mfmrdbg-ml`big-pgrg-yuigtgf-/yuigtgf

Bopgitl g dmfmrgr em `gs fltbibgs gftmrblrms

]fl em `ls bopgitls plsbtbvls qum vg dmfmrgr `g mfmrdg m`big mf Ruigtf pumem smrm` gnlrrl qum sm `m vg egr g `g milflog em `ls yuigtmils, gemos em gnlrrl em `ls jT

qum sm egrf plr igeg oms y slcrmtlel, igeg gl y iugftg mfmrdg mstgols

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gnlrrgfel. Ltrl em `ls cmfmhbibls ms qum, sb `g bfhrgmstruiturg slplrtg vbmftls

nurgigfgels, ngcr m`mitrbibege mf tbmopls em nurgigfms l ibi`lfms.

Mf ltrl `gel, uf drgf gvgfim tuvl `g ]fbf Murlpmg, yg em ogfmrg sbdfbhbigtbvg pumemfguomftgr su smdurbege mfmrdtbig y ilfvmrtbr ebvmrsls iloplfmftms em `g fgturg`mzg

mf mfmrdg rmflvgc`m y hufiblfg` g` ibmf plr ibmftl.

Ilfi`usbf

Yb ngc`gols em `gs gitbvbegems nuogfgs rm`giblfgegs ilf m` omebl gocbmftm urcgfl

plemols omfiblfgr m` usl em` trgfsplrtm pc`bil, yg qum g`dufls em msls vmniu`lsfl slf rmpgrgels y ilftgobfgf `g ig`bege em` gbrm y fl tbmfmf fb `g rmpgrgibf, fb `g

supmrvbsbf fmimsgrbg.

Ugocbf, ngy ltrgs gitbvbegems qum pmrauebigf g` omebl gocbmftm ilol `l ms `g

ilftgobfgibf em` sum`l ilf emsminls bfeustrbg`ms g`tgomftm ilftgobfgftms l

g`tgomftm rgeblgitbvl. Ugocbf ngy gitbvbegems ilf `gs gdugs smrvbegs, emsminlsbfeustrbg`ms, cgsurg, p`gdubibegs, pmtr`ml y sus emrbvgels y mf `g iug` ligsblfg ufg

g`tg ilftgobfgibf em` gdug, mftrm ltrls.

g) Wu ms `l omalr qum pumem pgsgr