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Calidad fsica del sueloIng Agr. M Sc. Carina R. lvarezCtedra de Fertilidad y FertilizantesFacultad de Agronoma Universidad de Buenos Aires
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Ambiente favorable para el desarrollo de races y la biota edficaSuministrar agua- amortiguar dficit hdricos Resistente a la degradacin
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Funciones bsicas del sueloEvaluacin Ambiente favorable, profundidad efectiva y capacidad de enraizamientoProfundidad al Bt o toscaDensidad aparenteCompactacin relativaResistencia a la penetracinPerfil culturalAireacinMacroporosidadEncostramiento superficial Rasgos redoximrficosSuministro de agua y amortiguacin de deficiencias hdricasCobertura (viva o muerta)Humedad del sueloLmina de agua tilInfiltracinEstabilidad o resistencia a la degradacinCobertura (viva o muerta)Estabilidad estructuralPendiente
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Espesor horizonte ADensidad aparenteDensidad aparente relativaResistencia a la penetracinPorosidad y macroporosidadInfiltracinCoberturaEstabilidad estructuralMateria orgnica total y partculada
Ambiente favorableSuministro de aguaAmortiguar dficit hdricosResistir la degradacin
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Caractersticas de las determinaciones fsicasRequiere personal entrenado Requieren tiempo, gran parte a campoInstrumental de muestreoNo es un servicio difundido Falta estandarizacinHumedad dependienteLo esencial es visible a los ojos
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PropiedadCaractersticasUmbralesDensidad aparente(mtodo del cilindro)Sencillo Bajo costoDepende de la texturaDepende carbono orgnicoFranco arenoso >1.6 t m-3Franco; franco-limoso >1.4 t m-3Arcilloso; franco-arcilloso >1.3 t m-3
Dapcrtica (tm-3)= 1.52-0.0065 * arc (%) (Pillatti, de Orellana 2000)Porosidad totalSe calcula a partir de la densidad aparente segn:PT (%)= 100*(1-DAP/DPART)DPART= 2.6 t m-3< 50 %MacroporosidadPorosidad de aireacinHvolsat-Hvolcc< 10 %
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PropiedadCaractersticasUmbralesDensidad aparente relativa(ASTM, 1982)DAP REL %= (DAP/DAP MAX)*100Independiente textura y C orgnicoTest de Proctor (no rutinaria)Sino;DMAX (t m-3)= 1.44 0.033 MOS (%) +0.00297 ARENA (%) + 0.039 MANEJO; n= 62 y R2= 0.78 (Micucci et al, 2006) Optimo: 75-88 %
Resistencia mecnicaPenetrmetros-Instrumental especficoMedida puntual- Alta variabilidadDepende de la humedadDistintos ngulosPunta de 30 >2-3 MPaPunta de 60 >6 MPa (Pilatti, de Orellana 2000)Corregir por humedadInteresa su valor durante el desarrollo radicalInfiltracinMetodologa rpida USDA (1999)Rpida; Variable; Relacionada con la orientacin de poros superficiales, Puede tener problemas por derrame lateralAplicacin con fines comparativos
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Resistencia a la penetracinPenetrmetro
-
In/Estabilidad estructural
PropiedadCaractersticasUmbralesCobertura superficial(porcentaje y masa)Cuerda con marcas a intervalos regulares. Cuadrantes de rastrojo.Sencillo, sin costo< 60 % (control de erosin), mayor valor crtico para control de evaporacin
Diversos mtodosNo es un anlisis de rutinaAlta relacin con el carbono orgnicoRelacionado limoComparativo,
O con umbrales Segn metodologaCarbono orgnicoCarbono particulado>53mDensidad aparenteInestabilidad estructuralDensidad aparente mxima
CO determinacin de rutina (baja sensibilidad)Carbono partculado no rutinario (alta sensibilidad)
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Distintos objetivos: distintas referenciasSituacin/es manejo A Situacin/es manejo actual Situacin/es manejo actualSituacin/es establecimiento A
VS.Situacin/es manejo B Situacin/es prstinoValores suelo ideal o lmites crticosSituacin media, mn, mx grupo
Situacin/es actualSituacin/es futuroVS.Comparacin temporal (filmando una pelcula)Comparacin puntual (tomando una fotografa)
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Calidad de suelos: Un estudio a escala regional Caracterizar a escala regional el estado de la calidad de los suelos bajo distintos sistemas de labranza, utilizando situaciones cuasi-prstinas como referencia.Seleccionar un conjunto mnimo de variables que resulten sensibles a los distintos manejos para monitorear cambios en la salud del suelo. Objetivos
-
Materiales y mtodosUbicacin
- Captulo 1Materiales y mtodosDeterminaciones Textura; Espesor del horizonte A; Estructura superficial Carbono orgnico total, C particulado (>53m) y C resistente (
- CorrelacinCoeficiente de correlacin entre pares de indicadores de calidad de suelo (p
-
Estratificacin
-
Relacin entre el contenido de la fraccin orgnica de 0 a 5 cm respecto de 5 a 15 cm.
SD y Cuasi prstino: Enriquecimiento superficial fracciones ms activas del CO.
Incrementara estabilidad estructural superficial, atenuando procesos erosivos.ndice de estratificacin
-
Relacin negativa entre la inestabilidad estructural con el COT y CO>53mComponentes del carbono e inestabilidad estructural
-
La densidad aparente estuvo relacionada con COT y la profundidad.Sin embargo COT puede reemplazarse por CO>53 m sin perder ajuste.PROF: variable dummy; valor 0 para 0-5 cm y 1 para 5-15 cm.Componentes del carbono y la densidad aparente
-
Resistencia a la penetracinRelacin inversa con humedad. De 0-5 cm SD > resistencia LC ordenada al origen; = pendienteSD: resistenia no asociado a DAP Endurecimiento no densificacinCombinacin + trnsito + ausencia de remocin + consolidacin
- Captulo 1Resultados y discusinSuelos francos SD laboreados, aunque SD tendencia > infiltracinSuelos franco-limosos y franco arcillo limosos SD
-
42 % 15 % Shaded squares are no-till soils (NT), open triangles are conventionally tilled soils (CT);and solid circles are uncropped or quasi-pristine situations.
-
42 % 15 % Shaded squares are no-till soils (NT), open triangles are conventionally tilled soils (CT);and solid circles are uncropped or quasi-pristine situations.
-
Conclusin
Grfico1
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REFERENCIA
Hoja1
SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAClaySiltPOCTOCROCRCBDAHSITP
112.92420066081133.551.0759.6327.81.4574186.121.80.08367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Silt0.66
212.69663064811.3330.251.1456.9723.81.4977155.718.10.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525POC-0.47ns
612.0578297753.7271.0361.0120.61.3974171.918.70.09982.82557.85780.4043TOCnsns0.68
712.378220204220.7271.2353.5416.81.408846.010.80.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375ROCnsnsns0.74
1212.541050419911.520.81.1257.5922.41.4279134.218.10.11082.23052.25220.3057RCns0.41-0.55-0.61ns
1512.952147107913.6729.41.1755.7518.81.398583.315.60.11684.826.2558.55585.50.4651BDnsns-0.49-0.61-0.380.89
2112.48245410990.3325.251.2652.5719.81.418934.914.90.1048126.354.75470.49765AHnsnsns0.4nsnsns
2211.9584450471326.51.2552.9016.01.5382103.712.30.13754.818.7536.05360.50.7141SIns0.45-0.45-0.53nsnsnsns
2312.96652107650.67241.3349.6314.91.3897-33.011.90.0559332.560.56050.47TPnsns0.490.610.380.91nsns
2412.390959732614301.3050.9215.71.409302.912.70.07379.2522.556.75567.50.83425PRncnsnsnsnsnsnsnsnsns
2712.48663424534.33301.2054.8420.91.4782115.915.00.08964.252044.25442.50.9702
2812.46231097287.3331.51.2552.6618.41.478575.213.20.08464.252044.25442.50.4564
3512.6373759865225.51.1357.3618.81.4379137.711.10.12476.425.251.25120.80595RESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIA
3612.4504335097.524.751.2054.7218.01.458394.413.60.10969.821.548.34830.49965
3712.53474702369.518.751.2254.0916.51.4882104.112.40.10866.622.7543.85438.50.59785
4414.45662597411224.51.2253.8421.91.458485.816.10.1366518474700.40615
4512.2560946241925.51.1656.3522.71.4281116.016.70.1486816.551.55150.604
4913.145861379115271.1855.4719.11.368754.414.80.12192.652963.65636.50.7138
5212.99952803557.520.71.1357.2323.61.358484.319.30.09094.3530.563.85638.50.77465
5512.01255556960231.1955.2217.31.378764.612.80.09190.352961.35613.50.72675
5611.96380575693221.1755.8518.31.398483.614.70.08791.433.557.95790.93725
322.27996495897.324.351.2054.8123.31.4881118.414.80.09659.4817.541.98419.80.1017
422.32597971955.7231.2154.3021.31.5180125.615.60.1065820383800.14605
822.34961275889.528.11.2254.0218.61.388842.116.50.08885.052560.05600.50.8061
922.96346986035.517.81.2453.0615.51.408942.313.20.15984.0526.2557.85780.6576
1021.85818702364.522.51.1755.7318.71.408482.915.80.0898427.556.55650.9683
1323.13984202913.6629.31.1058.4317.51.3781114.912.50.1188725626201.28525
1622.06539899920251.1357.1822.51.4081113.818.80.13779.52554.55450.6824
1722.1564674541.3322.51.1656.2722.51.4381112.620.00.0967827.550.55050.5984
1821.750729151.3339.251.2453.3423.21.438765.218.00.11378.2527.550.75507.50.3618
2621.46324930130.6727.251.3349.8918.61.3896-33.115.60.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639
3021.805628997347301.2154.2319.41.408763.615.80.09578.522.5565601.4
3121.5353152116121.3330.51.2453.2920.01.428755.714.30.13475.522.5535300.46285
3922.29435882711.5261.1157.9924.31.4179136.917.40.12076.92452.95290.6301
4022.237326791811.524.751.1755.9717.61.4680126.810.80.1116418464600.5683
4122.63157684611281.1556.4822.91.4281117.015.90.1737421.552.55250.43775
4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.5820.61.458585.715.00.15765.518.5474700.76925
4321.87230829980251.2154.3416.81.4882102.714.10.11564.421.542.94290.97285
5022.9181273564.531.51.0660.1319.61.3578134.515.00.08793.72964.76471.30945
532.3962430919260.9564.0527.81.44662515.112.70.23966.552046.55465.50.08
1133.99914903183735.51.1357.4128.41.4081119.618.80.26079.422554.42544.20.1831
2033.230706283121.5331.1257.5828.11.4379136.421.70.25374.252549.25492.50.1644
2932.30436325096.5301.1656.3924.61.4182105.419.30.18472.52052.55250.3942
3833.52979432995.527.51.1257.6125.51.4279137.617.90.2457524515100.687
4632.191994721867301.1157.9930.41.41791312.917.50.3116312.2550.75507.50.39235
Hoja2
SitioResistencia
12.9242006608
22.6966306481
221.9584450471
272.4866342453
282.4623109728
352.6373759865
362.450433509
372.5347470236
444.4566259741
452.2560946241
62.057829775
72.3782202042
152.9521471079
212.4824541099
242.3909597326
552.0125555696
561.9638057569
122.5410504199
232.9665210765
482.7678300183
493.1458613791
512.4851812654
522.9995280355
32.2799649589
42.3259797195
392.294358827
402.2373267918
412.6315768461
421.5199161954
431.8723082998
82.3496127588
92.9634698603
133.139842029
162.0653989992
261.4632493013
301.8056289973
311.5353152116
101.8581870236
172.156467454
181.75072915
502.918127356
532.7866853663
543.228257064
52.3962430919
203.2307062831
383.5297943299
113.9991490318
292.3043632509
145.0150452461
462.1919947218
473.0275924641
Grfico final
SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAMediaADBDRCTOCOC > 53mOC < 53mSIPRTPORMAXBD
112.92420066081133.551.069843301959.628554643427.82352941181.451563423573.702828592117.73754594486.053450980421.77007843140.083333333367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Non-disturbed30.33333333331.099635937177.53066451727.47058823539.499339869317.9712483660.31684166672.6158.50430426011.4191413706
212.69663064811.3330.251.140162602156.974996148423.82352941181.489876423576.52732696915.14824354775.73262745118.09090196080.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525No-tilled26.04523809521.188543945783.605841012619.62464985994.652007469714.97264239030.57319285712.6555.14928506751.4228285104
612.0578297753.7271.033319687261.006804256820.60784313731.387795607874.457627719517.04559894071.935529411818.67231372550.098666666782.82557.85780.4043Tilled26.851.187998586483.73397592620.16448801744.660821350815.50366666670.72344722222.1355.16986466571.4194492534
712.378220204220.7271.231280863753.53657118316.80392156861.395779203988.21458724934.43418143095.983215686310.82070588240.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375
1212.541050419911.520.81.123782893657.593098353922.35294117651.418526352979.221855222512.67808866184.237647058818.11529411760.109666666782.23052.25220.3057ReferenciaA thicknessBDRCTOCPOCROCSIPRTSPMAXBD
1512.952147107913.6729.41.172499212655.754746695918.82352941181.386129823584.58797961477.75880144793.266078431415.55745098040.116333333384.826.2558.55585.50.4651Nondisturbed1111111111
2112.48245410990.3325.251.256912824852.569327365619.84313725491.407541843189.29843407083.44058653434.934156862714.90898039220.10366666678126.354.75470.49765NT0.85863422291.08085222171.078358370.71438768230.48971902610.83314425831.80908295041.01532567050.9426534641.0025981483
2211.9584450471326.51.24817244152.8991531715.98039215691.525171980481.838143962910.27965828493.667529411812.31286274510.137333333354.818.7536.05360.50.7141CT0.88516483521.08035627641.08001106980.73403917840.49064686760.86269280522.28330834710.8160919540.94300522611.00021695
2312.96652107650.67241.334821222849.62938781814.8627450981.380726862796.6752555367-3.32196700812.966274509811.89647058820.05466666679332.560.56050.47
2412.390959732614301.300687263650.917461751115.68627450981.401850686392.78358075720.24564801252.945098039212.74117647060.072666666779.2522.556.75567.50.83425MnADBDRCTOCPOMROCSITPORMAXBD
2712.48663424534.33301.19681898454.83701947220.90196078431.46835990281.507196048710.58304816625.871058823515.03090196080.088666666764.252044.25442.50.9702Non-disturbed260.952562224165.982000080124.62745098045.368862745112.74627450980.0856.39364420831.3956778118
2812.46231097287.3331.51.25445489652.662079396618.4313725491.472263431485.20587207827.19236088975.208156862713.22321568630.084333333364.252044.25442.50.4564No-tilled18.751.033319687273.702828592114.8627450981.935529411810.82070588240.174349.6293878181.3468766078
3512.6373759865225.51.1357.35849056618.76470588241.430175764779.011267557912.87114069167.709176470611.05552941180.124258073176.425.251.25120.80595Tilled17.81.056666666778.377526729915.49019607842.123294117610.80588235290.101749.89397723211.3481755686
3612.4504335097.524.751.254.716981132118.03921568631.448664039282.834940859.36586467464.44137254913.59784313730.109456267969.821.548.34830.49965
3712.53474702369.518.751.216666666754.088050314516.47058823531.477753470682.33218130649.8267594314.107647058812.36294117650.107956735166.622.7543.85438.50.59785ReferenciaADBDRCTOCPOMROCSITPORMAXBD
4414.45662597411224.51.223333333353.836477987421.90196078431.45033490284.34833442127.9784913865.838352941216.06360784310.13567474736518474700.40615Non-disturbed111111111
4512.2560946241925.51.156666666756.352201257922.66666666671.422216666781.328442689210.74691673355.990431372516.67623529410.14767808946816.551.55150.604No-tilled0.72115384621.08477919981.1170141630.60350318470.3605101310.84893086792.178750.88005285910.9650340476
4913.145861379115271.1855.471698113219.1372549021.355136137387.07612228475.4778464184.358666666714.77858823530.120940479192.652963.65636.50.7138Tilled0.68461538461.10928886311.18786224480.62898089170.39548303220.84776789831.271250.88474468950.9659647501
5212.99952803557.520.71.133333333357.232704402523.60784313731.346876607884.14529784948.16462110254.325098039219.2827450980.08972294.3530.563.85638.50.77465
5512.01255556960231.186666666755.220125786217.33333333331.371740333386.5081122015.9985583024.563098039212.77023529410.091216710490.352961.35613.50.72675
5611.96380575693221.1755.849056603818.25490196081.390915254984.11727428238.19031114723.557490196114.69741176470.086682111791.433.557.95790.93725
322.27996495897.324.351.197657303354.805384782223.25490196081.478216854981.020406397211.02930284358.420823529414.83407843140.095666666759.4817.541.98419.80.1017
422.32597971955.7231.211096384154.298249658121.29411764711.505115294180.465356294811.53813392395.649019607815.64509803920.10566666675820383800.14605
822.34961275889.528.11.218407021354.022376555418.62745098041.377469627588.45255074974.21603315122.123294117616.50415686270.088333333385.052560.05600.50.8061
922.96346986035.517.81.243962244853.058028499915.49019607841.395881490289.1166086443.60727135782.334039215713.15615686270.159333333384.0526.2557.85780.6576
1021.85818702364.522.51.173037120855.734448271918.70588235291.398574705983.87375489218.41355267782.893647058815.81223529410.08866666678427.556.55650.9683
1323.13984202913.6629.31.101497993758.434037973717.45098039221.36766745180.538437388911.47113829244.909568627512.54141176470.11833333338725626201.28525
1622.06539899920251.134800554657.177337562922.54901960781.40446254980.799630817911.23169444033.755960784318.79305882350.13779.52554.55450.6824
1722.1564674541.3322.51.158752482556.273491225522.54901960781.42838254981.123399562610.9348859192.583843137319.96517647060.09566666677827.550.55050.5984
1821.750729151.3339.251.236421144353.342598326723.17647058821.425896176586.71186337035.81177349265.222117647117.95435294120.113333333378.2527.550.75507.50.3618
2621.46324930130.6727.251.327809603449.893977232118.62745098041.376871627596.436703094-3.10327882733.054352941215.57309803920.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639
3021.805628997347301.212835731454.232613907619.41176470591.400449411886.60332328035.91127544933.610980392215.80078431370.094666666778.522.5565601.4
3121.5353152116121.3330.51.237696970353.294453949219.96078431371.417521960887.31413019265.25965742865.688274509814.27250980390.133666666775.522.5535300.46285
3922.29435882711.5261.113333333357.987421383624.29411764711.411273294178.888570907812.98362039176.895215686317.39890196080.120015681576.92452.95290.6301
4022.237326791811.524.751.166666666755.974842767317.62745098041.463068627579.741076035512.2021033666.821568627510.80588235290.11050899666418464600.5683
4122.63157684611281.153333333356.477987421422.90196078431.41586490281.457865911910.62827058266.985176470615.91678431370.17293909897421.552.55250.43775
4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.584905660420.64705882351.452317647184.69221609277.66324474135.692549019614.95450980390.157059666465.518.5474700.76925
4321.87230829980251.2154.339622641516.82352941181.482876823581.598146305910.4996713372.718431372514.10509803920.114853393664.421.542.94290.97285
5022.9181273564.531.51.056666666760.125786163519.5686274511.348175568678.377526729913.45210992094.535921568615.03270588240.086947623993.72964.76471.30945
532.3962430919260.952562224164.054255693727.82352941181.443669823565.982000080124.815461066615.07725490212.74627450980.23966.552046.55465.50.08
1133.99914903183735.51.128762459957.40519019428.41176470591.395677811880.875575318711.16207383819.636313725518.77545098040.260333333379.422554.42544.20.1831
2033.230706283121.5331.124255843557.575251188128.07843137251.427121078478.777887910513.08508681586.389882352921.68854901960.25374.252549.25492.50.1644
2932.30436325096.5301.155568428556.393644208324.62745098041.413138627581.773182477110.33921042785.368862745119.25858823530.18472.52052.55250.3942
3833.52979432995.527.51.123333333357.610062893125.45098039221.42080745179.06302381512.82369417817.592274509817.85870588240.24485301217524515100.687
4632.191994721867301.113333333357.987421383630.4313725491.414433431478.712317500413.145197177912.931450980417.49992156860.3105345596312.2550.75507.50.39235
Grfico final
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Nondisturbed
NT
CT
Francia congreso
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Mn
Non-disturbed
No-tilled
Tilled
Hoja3
SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAMediaRPBDTOCMAXBDRCOC > 53mOC < 53mSI
112.92420066081133.551.069843301959.628554643427.82352941181.451563423573.702828592117.73754594486.053450980421.77007843140.083333333367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Non-disturbed2.94204178491.099635937127.47058823531.419141370677.5306645179.499339869317.9712483660.3168416667
212.69663064811.3330.251.140162602156.974996148423.82352941181.489876423576.52732696915.14824354775.73262745118.09090196080.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525No-tilled2.6073538981.188543945719.62464985991.422828510483.60584101264.652007469714.97264239030.5731928571
612.0578297753.7271.033319687261.006804256820.60784313731.387795607874.457627719517.04559894071.935529411818.67231372550.098666666782.82557.85780.4043Tilled2.17596998781.187998586420.16448801741.419449253483.7339759264.660821350815.50366666670.7234472222
712.378220204220.7271.231280863753.53657118316.80392156861.395779203988.21458724934.43418143095.983215686310.82070588240.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375
1212.541050419911.520.81.123782893657.593098353922.35294117651.418526352979.221855222512.67808866184.237647058818.11529411760.109666666782.23052.25220.3057ReferenciaRPDAPCOTCRCOPCORIE
1512.952147107913.6729.41.172499212655.754746695918.82352941181.386129823584.58797961477.75880144793.266078431415.55745098040.116333333384.826.2558.55585.50.4651Nondisturbed1111111
2112.48245410990.3325.251.256912824852.569327365619.84313725491.407541843189.29843407083.44058653434.934156862714.90898039220.10366666678126.354.75470.49765No-tilled0.88623958761.08085222170.71438768231.078358370.48971902610.83314425831.8090829504
2211.9584450471326.51.24817244152.8991531715.98039215691.525171980481.838143962910.27965828493.667529411812.31286274510.137333333354.818.7536.05360.50.7141Tilled0.73961219691.08035627640.73403917841.08001106980.49064686760.86269280522.2833083471
2312.96652107650.67241.334821222849.62938781814.8627450981.380726862796.6752555367-3.32196700812.966274509811.89647058820.05466666679332.560.56050.47
2412.390959732614301.300687263650.917461751115.68627450981.401850686392.78358075720.24564801252.945098039212.74117647060.072666666779.2522.556.75567.50.83425MinPRBDTOCMAXBDRCPOMROCSI
2712.48663424534.33301.19681898454.83701947220.90196078431.46835990281.507196048710.58304816625.871058823515.03090196080.088666666764.252044.25442.50.9702Non-disturbed2.19199472180.952562224124.62745098041.395677811865.98200008015.368862745112.74627450980.08
2812.46231097287.3331.51.25445489652.662079396618.4313725491.472263431485.20587207827.19236088975.208156862713.22321568630.084333333364.252044.25442.50.4564No-tilled1.95844504711.033319687214.8627450981.346876607873.70282859211.935529411810.82070588240.1743
3512.6373759865225.51.1357.35849056618.76470588241.430175764779.011267557912.87114069167.709176470611.05552941180.124258073176.425.251.25120.80595Tilled1.46324930131.056666666715.49019607841.348175568678.37752672992.123294117610.80588235290.1017
3612.4504335097.524.751.254.716981132118.03921568631.448664039282.834940859.36586467464.44137254913.59784313730.109456267969.821.548.34830.49965
3712.53474702369.518.751.216666666754.088050314516.47058823531.477753470682.33218130649.8267594314.107647058812.36294117650.107956735166.622.7543.85438.50.59785ReferenciaPRBDTOCMAXBDRCPOMROCSI
4414.45662597411224.51.223333333353.836477987421.90196078431.45033490284.34833442127.9784913865.838352941216.06360784310.13567474736518474700.40615Non-disturbed11111111
4512.2560946241925.51.156666666756.352201257922.66666666671.422216666781.328442689210.74691673355.990431372516.67623529410.14767808946816.551.55150.604No-tilled0.8934533591.08477919980.60350318470.96503404761.1170141630.3605101310.84893086792.17875
4913.145861379115271.1855.471698113219.1372549021.355136137387.07612228475.4778464184.358666666714.77858823530.120940479192.652963.65636.50.7138Tilled0.6675423471.10928886310.62898089170.96596475011.18786224480.39548303220.84776789831.27125
5212.99952803557.520.71.133333333357.232704402523.60784313731.346876607884.14529784948.16462110254.325098039219.2827450980.08972294.3530.563.85638.50.77465
5512.01255556960231.186666666755.220125786217.33333333331.371740333386.5081122015.9985583024.563098039212.77023529410.091216710490.352961.35613.50.72675
5611.96380575693221.1755.849056603818.25490196081.390915254984.11727428238.19031114723.557490196114.69741176470.086682111791.433.557.95790.93725
322.27996495897.324.351.197657303354.805384782223.25490196081.478216854981.020406397211.02930284358.420823529414.83407843140.095666666759.4817.541.98419.80.1017
422.32597971955.7231.211096384154.298249658121.29411764711.505115294180.465356294811.53813392395.649019607815.64509803920.10566666675820383800.14605
822.34961275889.528.11.218407021354.022376555418.62745098041.377469627588.45255074974.21603315122.123294117616.50415686270.088333333385.052560.05600.50.8061
922.96346986035.517.81.243962244853.058028499915.49019607841.395881490289.1166086443.60727135782.334039215713.15615686270.159333333384.0526.2557.85780.6576
1021.85818702364.522.51.173037120855.734448271918.70588235291.398574705983.87375489218.41355267782.893647058815.81223529410.08866666678427.556.55650.9683
1323.13984202913.6629.31.101497993758.434037973717.45098039221.36766745180.538437388911.47113829244.909568627512.54141176470.11833333338725626201.28525
1622.06539899920251.134800554657.177337562922.54901960781.40446254980.799630817911.23169444033.755960784318.79305882350.13779.52554.55450.6824
1722.1564674541.3322.51.158752482556.273491225522.54901960781.42838254981.123399562610.9348859192.583843137319.96517647060.09566666677827.550.55050.5984
1821.750729151.3339.251.236421144353.342598326723.17647058821.425896176586.71186337035.81177349265.222117647117.95435294120.113333333378.2527.550.75507.50.3618
2621.46324930130.6727.251.327809603449.893977232118.62745098041.376871627596.436703094-3.10327882733.054352941215.57309803920.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639
3021.805628997347301.212835731454.232613907619.41176470591.400449411886.60332328035.91127544933.610980392215.80078431370.094666666778.522.5565601.4
3121.5353152116121.3330.51.237696970353.294453949219.96078431371.417521960887.31413019265.25965742865.688274509814.27250980390.133666666775.522.5535300.46285
3922.29435882711.5261.113333333357.987421383624.29411764711.411273294178.888570907812.98362039176.895215686317.39890196080.120015681576.92452.95290.6301
4022.237326791811.524.751.166666666755.974842767317.62745098041.463068627579.741076035512.2021033666.821568627510.80588235290.11050899666418464600.5683
4122.63157684611281.153333333356.477987421422.90196078431.41586490281.457865911910.62827058266.985176470615.91678431370.17293909897421.552.55250.43775
4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.584905660420.64705882351.452317647184.69221609277.66324474135.692549019614.95450980390.157059666465.518.5474700.76925
4321.87230829980251.2154.339622641516.82352941181.482876823581.598146305910.4996713372.718431372514.10509803920.114853393664.421.542.94290.97285
5022.9181273564.531.51.056666666760.125786163519.5686274511.348175568678.377526729913.45210992094.535921568615.03270588240.086947623993.72964.76471.30945
532.3962430919260.952562224164.054255693727.82352941181.443669823565.982000080124.815461066615.07725490212.74627450980.23966.552046.55465.50.08
1133.99914903183735.51.128762459957.40519019428.41176470591.395677811880.875575318711.16207383819.636313725518.77545098040.260333333379.422554.42544.20.1831
2033.230706283121.5331.124255843557.575251188128.07843137251.427121078478.777887910513.08508681586.389882352921.68854901960.25374.252549.25492.50.1644
2932.30436325096.5301.155568428556.393644208324.62745098041.413138627581.773182477110.33921042785.368862745119.25858823530.18472.52052.55250.3942
3833.52979432995.527.51.123333333357.610062893125.45098039221.42080745179.06302381512.82369417817.592274509817.85870588240.24485301217524515100.687
4632.191994721867301.113333333357.987421383630.4313725491.414433431478.712317500413.145197177912.931450980417.49992156860.3105345596312.2550.75507.50.39235
Revisor:A horizon
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:A horizon
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:A horizon
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:A horizon
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
Hoja3
REFERENCIA
10.8934533590.667542347
100
10.72115384620.6846153846
11.08477919981.1092888631
10.88005285910.8847446895
10.60350318470.6289808917
10.96503404760.9659647501
11.1170141631.1878622448
1-0.3212979397-0.3001465972
10.3605101310.3954830322
10.84893086790.8477678983
12.178751.27125
Mn
Non-disturbed
No-tilled
Tilled
SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAMediaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPOC > 53mOC < 53mSI
112.92420066081133.551.069843301959.628554643427.82352941181.451563423573.702828592117.73754594486.053450980421.77007843140.083333333367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Non-disturbed2.942041784927.530.33333333331.099635937158.504304260127.47058823531.419141370677.53066451714.22845391749.499339869317.9712483660.3168416667
212.69663064811.3330.251.140162602156.974996148423.82352941181.489876423576.52732696915.14824354775.73262745118.09090196080.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525No-tilled2.6073538987.47904761926.04523809521.188543945755.149285067519.62464985991.422828510483.60584101268.65915736864.652007469714.97264239030.5731928571
612.0578297753.7271.033319687261.006804256820.60784313731.387795607874.457627719517.04559894071.935529411818.67231372550.098666666782.82557.85780.4043Tilled2.175969987813.934444444426.851.187998586455.169864665720.16448801741.419449253483.7339759268.54169224944.660821350815.50366666670.7234472222
712.378220204220.7271.231280863753.53657118316.80392156861.395779203988.21458724934.43418143095.983215686310.82070588240.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375
1212.541050419911.520.81.123782893657.593098353922.35294117651.418526352979.221855222512.67808866184.237647058818.11529411760.109666666782.23052.25220.3057ReferenciaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPPOMROCSI
1512.952147107913.6729.41.172499212655.754746695918.82352941181.386129823584.58797961477.75880144793.266078431415.55745098040.116333333384.826.2558.55585.50.4651Non-disturbed111111111111
2112.48245410990.3325.251.256912824852.569327365619.84313725491.407541843189.29843407083.44058653434.934156862714.90898039220.10366666678126.354.75470.49765No-tilled0.88623958760.2719653680.85863422291.08085222170.9426534640.71438768231.00259814831.078358370.60858034320.48971902610.83314425831.8090829504
2211.9584450471326.51.24817244152.8991531715.98039215691.525171980481.838143962910.27965828493.667529411812.31286274510.137333333354.818.7536.05360.50.7141Tilled0.73961219690.50670707070.88516483521.08035627640.94300522610.73403917841.000216951.08001106980.60032469440.49064686760.86269280522.2833083471
2312.96652107650.67241.334821222849.62938781814.8627450981.380726862796.6752555367-3.32196700812.966274509811.89647058820.05466666679332.560.56050.47
2412.390959732614301.300687263650.917461751115.68627450981.401850686392.78358075720.24564801252.945098039212.74117647060.072666666779.2522.556.75567.50.83425MediaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPPOMROCSI
2712.48663424534.33301.19681898454.83701947220.90196078431.46835990281.507196048710.58304816625.871058823515.03090196080.088666666764.252044.25442.50.9702Non-disturbed2.19199472185.5260.952562224156.393644208324.62745098041.395677811865.982000080110.33921042785.368862745112.74627450980.08
2812.46231097287.3331.51.25445489652.662079396618.4313725491.472263431485.20587207827.19236088975.208156862713.22321568630.084333333364.252044.25442.50.4564No-tilled1.9584450471018.751.033319687249.62938781814.8627450981.346876607873.7028285921-3.32196700811.935529411810.82070588240.1743
3512.6373759865225.51.1357.35849056618.76470588241.430175764779.011267557912.87114069167.709176470611.05552941180.124258073176.425.251.25120.80595Tilled1.4632493013017.81.056666666749.893977232115.49019607841.348175568678.3775267299-3.10327882732.123294117610.80588235290.1017
3612.4504335097.524.751.254.716981132118.03921568631.448664039282.834940859.36586467464.44137254913.59784313730.109456267969.821.548.34830.49965
3712.53474702369.518.751.216666666754.088050314516.47058823531.477753470682.33218130649.8267594314.107647058812.36294117650.107956735166.622.7543.85438.50.59785ReferenciaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPPOMROCSI
4414.45662597411224.51.223333333353.836477987421.90196078431.45033490284.34833442127.9784913865.838352941216.06360784310.13567474736518474700.40615Non-disturbed111111111111
4512.2560946241925.51.156666666756.352201257922.66666666671.422216666781.328442689210.74691673355.990431372516.67623529410.14767808946816.551.55150.604No-tilled0.89345335900.72115384621.08477919980.88005285910.60350318470.96503404761.117014163-0.32129793970.3605101310.84893086792.17875
4913.145861379115271.1855.471698113219.1372549021.355136137387.07612228475.4778464184.358666666714.77858823530.120940479192.652963.65636.50.7138Tilled0.66754234700.68461538461.10928886310.88474468950.62898089170.96596475011.1878622448-0.30014659720.39548303220.84776789831.27125
5212.99952803557.520.71.133333333357.232704402523.60784313731.346876607884.14529784948.16462110254.325098039219.2827450980.08972294.3530.563.85638.50.77465
5512.01255556960231.186666666755.220125786217.33333333331.371740333386.5081122015.9985583024.563098039212.77023529410.091216710490.352961.35613.50.72675
5611.96380575693221.1755.849056603818.25490196081.390915254984.11727428238.19031114723.557490196114.69741176470.086682111791.433.557.95790.93725
322.27996495897.324.351.197657303354.805384782223.25490196081.478216854981.020406397211.02930284358.420823529414.83407843140.095666666759.4817.541.98419.80.1017
422.32597971955.7231.211096384154.298249658121.29411764711.505115294180.465356294811.53813392395.649019607815.64509803920.10566666675820383800.14605
822.34961275889.528.11.218407021354.022376555418.62745098041.377469627588.45255074974.21603315122.123294117616.50415686270.088333333385.052560.05600.50.8061
922.96346986035.517.81.243962244853.058028499915.49019607841.395881490289.1166086443.60727135782.334039215713.15615686270.159333333384.0526.2557.85780.6576
1021.85818702364.522.51.173037120855.734448271918.70588235291.398574705983.87375489218.41355267782.893647058815.81223529410.08866666678427.556.55650.9683
1323.13984202913.6629.31.101497993758.434037973717.45098039221.36766745180.538437388911.47113829244.909568627512.54141176470.11833333338725626201.28525
1622.06539899920251.134800554657.177337562922.54901960781.40446254980.799630817911.23169444033.755960784318.79305882350.13779.52554.55450.6824
1722.1564674541.3322.51.158752482556.273491225522.54901960781.42838254981.123399562610.9348859192.583843137319.96517647060.09566666677827.550.55050.5984
1821.750729151.3339.251.236421144353.342598326723.17647058821.425896176586.71186337035.81177349265.222117647117.95435294120.113333333378.2527.550.75507.50.3618
2621.46324930130.6727.251.327809603449.893977232118.62745098041.376871627596.436703094-3.10327882733.054352941215.57309803920.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639
3021.805628997347301.212835731454.232613907619.41176470591.400449411886.60332328035.91127544933.610980392215.80078431370.094666666778.522.5565601.4
3121.5353152116121.3330.51.237696970353.294453949219.96078431371.417521960887.31413019265.25965742865.688274509814.27250980390.133666666775.522.5535300.46285
3922.29435882711.5261.113333333357.987421383624.29411764711.411273294178.888570907812.98362039176.895215686317.39890196080.120015681576.92452.95290.6301
4022.237326791811.524.751.166666666755.974842767317.62745098041.463068627579.741076035512.2021033666.821568627510.80588235290.11050899666418464600.5683
4122.63157684611281.153333333356.477987421422.90196078431.41586490281.457865911910.62827058266.985176470615.91678431370.17293909897421.552.55250.43775
4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.584905660420.64705882351.452317647184.69221609277.66324474135.692549019614.95450980390.157059666465.518.5474700.76925
4321.87230829980251.2154.339622641516.82352941181.482876823581.598146305910.4996713372.718431372514.10509803920.114853393664.421.542.94290.97285
5022.9181273564.531.51.056666666760.125786163519.5686274511.348175568678.377526729913.45210992094.535921568615.03270588240.086947623993.72964.76471.30945
532.3962430919260.952562224164.054255693727.82352941181.443669823565.982000080124.815461066615.07725490212.74627450980.23966.552046.55465.50.08
1133.99914903183735.51.128762459957.40519019428.41176470591.395677811880.875575318711.16207383819.636313725518.77545098040.260333333379.422554.42544.20.1831
2033.230706283121.5331.124255843557.575251188128.07843137251.427121078478.777887910513.08508681586.389882352921.68854901960.25374.252549.25492.50.1644
2932.30436325096.5301.155568428556.393644208324.62745098041.413138627581.773182477110.33921042785.368862745119.25858823530.18472.52052.55250.3942
3833.52979432995.527.51.123333333357.610062893125.45098039221.42080745179.06302381512.82369417817.592274509817.85870588240.24485301217524515100.687
4632.191994721867301.113333333357.987421383630.4313725491.414433431478.712317500413.145197177912.931450980417.49992156860.3105345596312.2550.75507.50.39235
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Structural instability
REFERENCIA
SD
LC
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:Earthworms
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:Strutural porosity
Revisor:Structural instability
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Non-disturbed
No-tilled
Tilled
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:Earthworms
Revisor:A horizon
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Strutural porosity
Revisor:Structural instability
Mn
Non-disturbed
No-tilled
Tilled
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:Earthworms
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Strutural porosity
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:Penetration resistance
Revisor:Earthworms
Revisor:Total porosity
Revisor:total organic C
Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al
Revisor:relative compaction
Revisor:Strutural porosity
Revisor:Structural instability
Revisor:A horizon
Revisor:A horizon
Revisor:A horizon
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Deterioro fsico y disminucin del componente orgnico y sus fracciones por el uso agrcola. SD muesta cierta recuperacin de la estabilidad estructural, pero se registran aumentos en la resistencia a la penetracin y un comportamiento diferencial de la velocidad de infiltracin segn la textura del suelo. CO>53m result un indicador sensible a las distintas prcticas de manejo.Permite explicar la variacin favorables de la estabilidad estructural y la densidad aparente independientemente del manejo. Resulta de inters para monitorear cambios introducidos por el manejo en el corto plazo; a la infiltracin y resistencia a la penetracin.Conclusin
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- 35 experimentos- Todo igual excepto el sistema de labranza- Distintos sistemas de labranzas: PT; RT y NT- NT Y RT se agruparon como limited tillage (LT) para grficos- Distintos aos. Materiales y mtodosDensidad aparenteResistencia a la penetracinInfiltracinHumedad de suelo en momento crticoContenido de nitratosRendimiento Alguno fert otros no
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Densidad aparenteComparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT - LT 4% ms que PT; NT > RT sig no da %; hasta densidad 1.3 g ml-1
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Resistencia a la penetracinComparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT LT mayor que PT; NT > RT sig. Alta sensibilidad, diferencia muy marcada. Los tres sistemas se diferencian: NT>RT>PT.
- Inestabilidad estructuralComparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT LT menor que PT; PT 70> LT; Alta sensibilidad, diferencia muy marcada. Los tres sistemas se diferencian: NT
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Comparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT LT mayor que PT; NT > RT. Mayor diferencia a mayores tasasInfiltracin
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Comparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT PT = RT; NT > RT y PT. 16 mm ms. Mayor diferencia en arenosos (18 mm) menor en finos (9 mm)Humedad
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ConclusionesEn SD mejora estabilidad (resistencia a la degradacin).Endurecimiento y densificacin. SD mejora infiltracin contradiccin con trabajo regional. Evaluar este factor con particular atencin.
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Buenas prcticas agronmicas relacionadas con las propiedades fsicasSostener buenos niveles de carbono orgnico especialmente particuladoDMAX (t m-3)= 1.44 0.033 MOS (%) + 0.00297 ARENA (%) + 0.039 MANEJO; n= 62 y R2= 0.78; MANEJO: 0 pastura y monte, 1 siembra directa y 2 suelos laboreados (Micucci et al, 2006) INESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTRAL
- Controlar el transitoResistencia a la penetracin e infiltracinCHC (%)= 21.61 + 1.859 MOS (%) 0.101 Arena (%); R2= 0.64; P