![Page 1: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Figure 5-01
![Page 2: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LE 5-2
Polímerto corto Monómero no unido
La deshidratación elimina una
Molécula de agua y forma un
Enlace nuevo
Reacción de deshidratación en la síntesis de un polímero
Polímero más largo
La hidrólisis agrega una
Molécula de agua y rompe un
enlace
Hidrólisis de un polímero
![Page 3: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
LE 5-2a
Polímero corto Monómero no unido
La deshidratación elimina una
Molécula de agua y forma un
Enlace nuevo
Reacción de deshidratación en la síntesis de un polímero
´polímero más largo
![Page 4: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
LE 5-2b
La hidrólisis agrega una
Molecula de agua y rompe un
enlace
Hidrólisis de un polímero
![Page 5: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LE 5-3
Triose sugars
(C3H6O3)
Glyceraldehyde
Pentose sugars
(C5H10O5)
Ribose
Hexose sugars
(C5H12O6)
Glucose Galactose
Dihydroxyacetone
Ribulose
Fructose
![Page 6: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
LE 5-4
Forma lineal y anular Estructura anular
abreviada
![Page 7: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
LE 5-4a
Forma lineal
Y anular
![Page 8: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LE 5-4b
Estructura anular abreviada
![Page 9: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
LE 5-5
Glucose
Maltose
Fructose Sucrose
Glucose Glucose
Dehydration
reaction in the
synthesis of maltose
Dehydration
reaction in the
synthesis of sucrose
1–4glycosidic
linkage
1–2glycosidic
linkage
![Page 10: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
LE 5-5a
MaltoseGlucose Glucose
Reacción de deshidra-
tación en la síntesis de
maltosa
EnlaceGlucosídico
1 – 4
![Page 11: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LE 5-5b
Glucose Fructose Sucrose
Reacción de deshidrata-
ción en la síntesis de
sacarosa
EnlaceGlucosídico
1 – 2
![Page 12: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LE 5-6
Chloroplast Starch Mitochondria Glycogen granules
0.5 µm
1 µm
Amylose
Starch: a plant polysaccharide
Amylopectin Glycogen
Glycogen: an animal polysaccharide
![Page 13: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
LE 5-6a
Chloroplast Starch
1 µm
Amylose
Almidón: un polisacárido vegetal
Amylopectin
![Page 14: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LE 5-6b
Mitochondria Glycogen granules
0.5 µm
Glycogen
Glucógeno: un polisacárido animal
![Page 15: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LE 5-7
a Glucose
a and b glucose ring structures
b Glucose
Starch: 1–4 linkage of a glucose monomers.
Cellulose: 1–4 linkage of b glucose monomers.
![Page 16: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LE 5-7a
a Glucose
Estructuras anulares de a y b glucosa
b Glucose
![Page 17: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LE 5-7b
Almidón: unión 1-4 de monómeros de a glucosa
![Page 18: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LE 5-7c
Celulosa: unión 1-4 de monómeros de b glucosa.
![Page 19: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LE 5-8
Moléculas
De celulosa
Microfibrillas de celulosa
En una pared celular vegetal
Paredes celulares Microfibril
Plant cells
0.5 µm
Monómeros de
B glucosa
![Page 20: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Figure 5-09
![Page 21: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
LE 5-10
La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodosEsta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su Viejo exoesqueleto y emergiendo como forma adulta
La quitina se utiliza para fabricar un hili quirúrgicoFuerte y flexible que se descomponedespués de queLa herida o incisión se cura
La estructura del Monómero de quitina.
![Page 22: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
LE 5-11
Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat
Ester linkage
Fat molecule (triacylglycerol)
Fatty acid
(palmitic acid)
![Page 23: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
LE 5-11a
Reacción de deshidratación en la síntesis de una grasa
Glycerol
Ácido graso
(ácido palmítico)
![Page 24: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LE 5-11b
Ester linkage
Molécula de grasa (triacilglicerol)
![Page 25: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LE 5-12
Saturated fat and fatty acid.
Unsaturated fat and fatty acid.
Stearic acid
Oleic acid
cis double bondcauses bending
![Page 26: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
LE 5-12a
Grasa saturada y ácido graso.
Ácido esteárico
![Page 27: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
LE 5-12b
Unsaturated fat and fatty acid.
Oleic acid
cis double bondcauses bending
![Page 28: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
LE 5-13
Fórmula estructural Modelo espacial Símbolo de fosfolípido
Cabeza
hidófila
Colashidrófobas
Fatty acids
Choline
Phosphate
Glycerol
![Page 29: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
LE 5-13a
Structural formula Space-filling model
Fatty acids
Choline
Phosphate
Glycerol
![Page 30: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
LE 5-13b
Phospholipid symbol
Hydrophilic
head
Hydrophobictails
![Page 31: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
LE 5-14
WATERHydrophilic
head
Hydrophobic
tailsWATER
![Page 32: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Figure 5-15
![Page 33: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Table 5-1
![Page 34: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
LE 5-UN78
Amino
group
Carboxyl
group
a carbon
![Page 35: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
LE 5-16
Substrate
(sucrose)
Enzyme
(sucrose)
Fructose
Glucose
![Page 36: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
LE 5-17a
Isoleucine (Ile)
Methionine (Met) Phenylalanine (Phe) Tryptophan (Trp) Proline (Pro)
Leucine (Leu)Valine (Val)Alanine (Ala)
Nonpolar
Glycine (Gly)
![Page 37: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
LE 5-17b
Asparagine (Asn) Glutamine (Gln)Threonine (Thr)
Polar
Serine (Ser) Cysteine (Cys) Tyrosine (Tyr)
![Page 38: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
LE 5-17c
Electricallycharged
Aspartic acid (Asp)
Acidic Basic
Glutamic acid (Glu) Lysine (Lys) Arginine (Arg) Histidine (His)
![Page 39: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
LE 5-18
Peptidebond
Cadenas laterales
Columna vertebral
Amino acid(N-terminus)
Carboxyl end(C-terminus)
Peptidebond
![Page 40: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
LE 5-19
A ribbon model
Groove
Groove
A space-filling model
![Page 41: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
LE 5-19a
A ribbon model
Groove
![Page 42: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
LE 5-19b
Groove
A space-filling model
![Page 43: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
LE 5-20
Amino acidsubunits
b pleated sheet
+H3NAmino end
a helix
![Page 44: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
LE 5-20a
Amino acidsubunits
Carboxyl end
Amino end
![Page 45: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
LE 5-20b
Amino acid
subunits
b pleated sheet
a helix
![Page 46: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
LE 5-20c
Abdominal glandsof the spidersecrete silk
fibers that formthe web.
The radiatingstrands, made
of dry silk fibers,maintain the
shape of the web.
Spider silk: a structural proteinContaining b pleated sheets
The spiral strands(capture strands) areelastic, stretching in response to wind,rain, and the touchof insects.
![Page 47: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
LE 5-20d
Hydrophobic
interactions and
van der Waals
interactions
Polypeptide
backbone
Disulfide bridge
Ionic bond
Hydrogen
bond
![Page 48: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
LE 5-20db
Hydrophobic
interactions and
van der Waals
interactions
Polypeptide
backbone
Disulfide bridge
Ionic bond
Hydrogen
bond
![Page 49: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
LE 5-20e
b Chains
a ChainsHemoglobin
Iron
Heme
CollagenPolypeptide chain
Polypeptidechain
![Page 50: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
LE 5-21a
Red blood
cell shapeNormal cells are
full of individual
hemoglobin
molecules, each
carrying oxygen.
10 µm 10 µm
Red blood
cell shape
Fibers of abnormal
hemoglobin deform
cell into sickle
shape.
![Page 51: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
LE 5-21b
Primary
structure
Secondary
and tertiary
structures
1 2 3
Normal hemoglobin
Val His Leu
4
Thr
5
Pro
6
Glu Glu
7Primary
structure
Secondary
and tertiary
structures
1 2 3
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Val His Leu
4
Thr
5
Pro
6
Val Glu
7
Quaternary
structure
Normal
hemoglobin
(top view)
a
b
b
b
b
a
a
a
Function Molecules do
not associate
with one
another; each
carries oxygen.
Quaternary
structure
Sickle-cell
hemoglobin
Function Molecules
interact with
one another to
crystallize into
a fiber; capacity
to carry oxygen
is greatly reduced.
Exposed
hydrophobic
regionb subunit b subunit
![Page 52: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
LE 5-22
Denaturation
Renaturation
Denatured proteinNormal protein
![Page 53: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
LE 5-23a
Chaperonin
(fully assembled)
Hollow
cylinder
Cap
![Page 54: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
LE 5-23b
Polypeptide
Correctly
folded
protein
An unfolded poly-
peptide enters the
cylinder from one
end.
Steps of Chaperonin
Action:The cap comes
off, and the
properly folded
protein is released.
The cap attaches, causing
the cylinder to change
shape in such a way that
it creates a hydrophilic
environment for the
folding of the polypeptide.
![Page 55: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
LE 5-24a
Photographic film
Diffracted X-rays
X-ray
sourceX-ray
beam
X-ray
diffraction pattern
Crystal
![Page 56: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
LE 5-24b
Nucleic acid
3D computer modelX-ray diffraction pattern
Protein
![Page 57: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
LE 5-25
NUCLEUS
DNA
CYTOPLASM
mRNA
mRNA
Ribosome
Amino
acids
Synthesis of
mRNA in the nucleus
Movement of
mRNA into cytoplasm
via nuclear pore
Synthesis
of protein
Polypeptide
![Page 58: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
LE 5-26a
5 end
3 end
Nucleoside
Nitrogenous
base
Phosphate
group
Nucleotide
Polynucleotide, or
nucleic acid
Pentose
sugar
![Page 59: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
LE 5-26b
Nitrogenous bases
Pyrimidines
Purines
Pentose sugars
Cytosine
C
Thymine (in DNA)
T
Uracil (in RNA)
U
Adenine
A
Guanine
G
Deoxyribose (in DNA)
Nucleoside components
Ribose (in RNA)
![Page 60: Figure 5-01se7dc3f022591d56a.jimcontent.com/download/version/1443585906/module...La quitina forma el exoesqueleto de los artrópodos Esta cigarra está mudando despojándose de su](https://reader035.vdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022062601/5e202348b6ec3d6c62385965/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
LE 5-27
Sugar-phosphate
backbone
3 end5 end
Base pair (joined by
hydrogen bonding)
Old strands
Nucleotide
about to be
added to a
new strand
5 end
New strands
3 end
5 end3 end
5 end