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The present city occupies the plan
decided on by Hadrian in 135, when he changed its
name to Colonia Aelia Capitolina. Some investigations
undertaen in the locality called !olgotha orCalvary and on the hill o" #ion have revealed remains
prior to the $th c., when the construction o"
di%erent sanctuaries began. &n the occasion o" restorations
at the Holy Sepulchre a small cave was discovered
on the ' side o" !olgotha, which ancient
documents put in relation with the veneration o"
Adam already "rom the (rst centuries. )n e*cavations
in "ront o" this cave there has been con(rmation
o" the report o" the sources concerning Hadrian+s
con(scation o" the area in order to substitute
pagan myths "or Christian worship pagan ob-ects
have been recovered, among them a small altar
/agatti 0 Testa, )l !olgota, 350$2. &n #ion, the traditional
tomb o" 4avid had a second story6 thans
to a small survey, it has been veri(ed that it was built
in the Constantinian era on the remains o" a 1st0c.
building. The arrangement on two levels calls to
mind the two separated areas o" 74ura 'uropos one
"or the recitation o" ritual prayers and baptism, the
other "or the eucharistic meal /agatti, Alle origini
della Chiesa. ), 18$01892. &" the buildings built in the
Constantinian era, the most imposing was that built
over the tomb o" Christ. :rom the comple*, which
stretched "rom the Cardo ;a*imus o" the city to the
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tomb o" Christ and which included a basilica o" (ve
aisles, a portico which enclosed Calvary and the rotunda
o" the Anastasis, there remains part o" the
latter with a narthe* to the ' and three apses to the', S, and < e*tending "rom the perimeter, which
was polygonal in shape outside and circular inside.
The building enclosed the Tomb o" the =ord, today
almost invisible, and was well lit by large windows
arched at the top. Today there remains a stretch o"
wall reused in the Constantinian edi(ces, which
"rom the cardo allowed access to the basilica o" the
martyrium, visible only in a small "ragment o" the
apse Corbo, )l Santo Sepolcro2.