devocional, lectura e informa de fae

7/17/2019 Devocional, Lectura e Informa de Fae

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DEVOCIONAL, LECTURA, E INFORMA DE FILOSOFIA ADVENTISTA DE LA EDUCACION (FAE)

D FEC LECTURA DIARIA E INFORME LOS LUNES LIBRO: LA EDUACIONL 20ju 1@ La Fuente de la Verdadera Educación y su Propósito

"El cooc!!#$o %#l &'$&!o #& l' !$#l!#c!'"* "Vu#l+# 'o-' # '!&$'% co .l"*"

NUESTRO coc#/$o %# l' #%uc'c! $!## u 'lc'c# %#'&!'%o #&$-#co 'jo* E&

#c#&'-!o 3u# $#' u' 'o- '/l!$u% u 4 5& #l#+'%o* L' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c!&!!4c' 5& 3u# l' /-o&#cuc! %# u %#$#-!'%o cu-&o %# #&$u%!o* S!!4c' 5& 3u#u' /-#/'-'c! /'-' l' +!%' 'c$u'l* A'-c' $o%o #l &#-, $o%o #l /#-o%o %# l' #6!&$#c!''cc#&!l# 'l o-#* E& #l %#&'--ollo '-o!o&o %# l'& 7'cul$'%#& 7&!c'&, #$'l#& #&/!-!$u'l#&* 8-#/'-' 'l #&$u%!'$# /'-' #l o9o %# &#-+!- # #&$# u%o, /'-' u o9o&u/#-!o- /-o/o-c!o'%o /o- u &#-+!c!o 5& '/l!o # #l u%o +#!%#-o*

L'& S'-'%'& E&c-!$u-'&, cu'%o &#'l' 'l S#- !4!$o, /-#&#$' # l'& &!u!#$#&/'l'-'& l' 7u#$# %# &##j'$# #%uc'c!: E .l "#&$5 #&co%!%o& $o%o& lo& $#&o-o& %#l' &'!%u-'"*"#&$5 #&co%!%o& $o%o& lo& $#&o-o& %# l' &'!%u-'"*Col* 2: ;*< "Suo #& #lco&#jo l' !$#l!#c!'"*=o 12: 1;*<=o 12: 1;*< (No$': Col* 2: ;*< "Suo #& #l co&#jo

l' !$#l!#c!'"*)

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E #&$o& $!#/o& &# 'l' uco %# l' '$u-'l#9' # !/o-$'c!' %# l' "#%uc'c!&u/#-!o-"* E #&$o& $!#/o& &# 'l' uco %# l' '$u-'l#9' # !/o-$'c!' %# l'"#%uc'c! &u/#-!o-"* A3u#l co 3u!# #&$5 "l' &'!%u-' #l /o%#-" "l' &'!%u-' #l/o%#-"=o 12: 1;*< "+!## #l cooc!!#$o l' !$#l!#c!'"8-o+* 2: *<, !/'-$# l'+#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! &u/#-!o-*8-o+* 2: *<, !/'-$# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! &u/#-!o-*(No$': =o 12: 1;*< %# cu' oc' "+!## #l cooc!!#$o l' !$#l!#c!'")

"To%o +#-%'%#-o cooc!!#$o %#&'--ollo $!## &u o-!# # #l cooc!!#$o %# D!o&*Do3u!#-' o& %!-!j'o&: 'l %o!!o 7&!co, #$'l #&/!-!$u'l> cu'l3u!#- co&' 3u#co$#/l#o&, 7u#-' %# l' '-c!$#9 %#l /#c'%o, # $o%o +#o& -#+#l'%o #&$#cooc!!#$o* Cu'l3u!#- -'o %# !+#&$!'c! 3u# #/-#%'o&, co #l &!c#-o/-o/&!$o %# ll#'- ' l' +#-%'%, o& /o# # co$'c$o co l' I$#l!#c!' /o%#-o&' #

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E #&$' cou! &# 'll' l' #%uc'c! 5& #l#+'%'* E& #l .$o%o /-o/!o 3u# D!o& $!##/'-' lo-'- #l %#&'--ollo %#l o-#* "Vu#l+# 'o-' # '!&$'% co .l"E #&$' cou!&# 'll' l' #%uc'c! 5& #l#+'%'* E& #l .$o%o /-o/!o 3u# D!o& $!## /'-' lo-'- #l%#&'--ollo %#l o-#* "Vu#l+# 'o-' # '!&$'% co .l"=o 22: 21*<, #& &u #&'j# /'-'l' u'!%'%* El .$o%o $-'9'%o # #&$'& /'l'-'& #-' #l 3u# &# &#u' # l' #%uc'c!%#l /'%-# %# u#&$-' #&/#c!#* A& !&$-u D!o& ' A%5 cu'%o, # l' lo-!' %# u'+!-!l!%'% #6#$' %# /#c'%o, '!$'' .&$# # #l &'-'%o j'-% %#l E%.* (No$': =o 22:



21*<, #& &u #&'j# /'-' l' u'!%'%* El .$o%o $-'9'%o # #&$'& /'l'-'& #-' #l 3u#&# &#u' # l' #%uc'c! %#l /'%-# %# u#&$-' #&/#c!#* A& !&$-u D!o& ' A%5cu'%o, # l' lo-!' %# u' +!-!l!%'% #6#$' %# /#c'%o, '!$'' .&$# # #l &'-'%o

j'-% %#l E%.*)

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%#l cooc!!#$o %#l 'l, #l /l' %# D!o& /'-' cu/l!-, &! #'-o, &u lo-!o&o/-o/&!$o # l' #%uc'c! %# l' #&/#c!# u''*"

"Cu'%o A%5 &'l! %# l'& 'o& %#l C-#'%o-, ll#+'' # &u '$u-'l#9' 7&!c', #$'l #&/!-!$u'l, l' &##j'9' %# &u 'c#%o-* "C-# D!o& 'l o-# ' &u !'#"," co #l/-o/&!$o %# 3u#, cu'$o 5& +!+!#-', 5& /l#'#$# -#+#l'-' #&' !'# 5&/l#'#$# -#?#j'-' l' lo-!' %#l C-#'%o-* To%'& &u& 7'cul$'%#& #-' &u&c#/$!l#& %#%#&'--ollo> &u c'/'c!%'% &u +!o- %#' 'u#$'- co$!u'#$#* V'&$' #-' l' #&7#-'3u# &# o7-#c' ' &u 'c$!+!%'%, lo-!o&o #l c'/o '!#-$o ' &u !+#&$!'c!* Lo& !&$#-!o&%#l u!+#-&o +!&!l# "l'& '-'+!ll'& %#l 8#-7#c$o # &'!%u-'"," !+!$'' 'l o-##&$u%!'-* T#' #l 'l$o /-!+!l#!o %# -#l'c!o'-&# $!'#$#, c'-' ' c'-', co &u'c#%o-* S u!#&# /#-'#c!%o l#'l ' D!o&, $o%o #&$o l# u!#-' /#-$##c!%o /'-'

&!#/-#* A $-'+.& %# lo& &!lo& #$#-o&, u!#-' &#u!%o '%3u!-!#%o u#+o& $#&o-o& %#cooc!!#$o, %#&cu-!#%o u#+o& ''$!'l#& %# 7#l!c!%'% o$#!#%o coc#/$o&c'%' +#9 5& cl'-o& %# l' &'!%u-', #l /o%#- #l 'o- %# D!o&* '-' cu/l!%o c'%'+#9 5& c''l#$# #l oj#$o %# &u c-#'c!> '-' -#?#j'%o c'%' +#9 5& /l#'#$#l' lo-!' %#l C-#'%o-*

M 21ju 2@"8#-o /o- &u %#&o#%!#c!' /#-%! $o%o #&$o* El /#c'%o 'c!ll c'&! o-- l'&##j'9' %!+!'* L'& 7'cul$'%#& 7&!c'& %#l o-# &# %#!l!$'-o, &u c'/'c!%'% #$'l%!&!u, &u +!&! #&/!-!$u'l &# o&cu-#c!* u#% &uj#$o ' l' u#-$#* No o&$'$#, l'#&/#c!# u'' o 7u# %#j'%' &! #&/#-'9'* Co !4!$o 'o- !&#-!co-%!' '' &!%o$-'9'%o #l /l' %# &'l+'c! &# l# o$o- u' +!%' %# /-u#'* L' o-' %# l' -#%#c!%#' -#&$'u-'- # #l "o-# l' !'# %# &u 'c#%o-, %#+ol+#-lo ' l' /#-7#cc! co

3u# '' &!%o c-#'%o, /-oo+#- #l %#&'--ollo %#l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l', ' 4 %#3u# &# ll#+'&# ' c'o #l /-o/&!$o %!+!o %# &u c-#'c!* E&$# #& #l oj#$o %# l'#%uc'c!, #l -' oj#$o %# l' +!%'*"

El 'o-, '&# %# l' c-#'c! %# l' -#%#c!, #& #l 7u%'#$o %# l' +#-%'%#-'#%uc'c!* E&$o &# +# cl'-'#$# # l' l# 3u# D!o& ' %'%o coo u' %# l' +!%'* El/-!#-o -'%# '%'!#$o #&: "A'-5& 'l S#o- $u D!o& co $o%o $u co-'9, co$o%' $u 'l', co $o%'& $u& 7u#-9'&, co $o%' $u #$#"*El 'o-, '&# %# l' c-#'c! %# l' -#%#c!, #& #l 7u%'#$o %# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c!* E&$o &# +# cl'-'#$## l' l# 3u# D!o& ' %'%o coo u' %# l' +!%'* El /-!#-o -'%# '%'!#$o #&:"A'-5& 'l S#o- $u D!o& co $o%o $u co-'9, co $o%' $u 'l', co $o%'& $u&

7u#-9'&, co $o%' $u #$#"* Luc* 10: 2*< A'- 'l S#- !4!$o, o!&c!#$#, co $o%'&l'& 7u#-9'&, l' #$# #l co-'9, &!!4c' #l %#&'--ollo 5& #l#+'%o %# $o%'& l'&7'cul$'%#&* S!!4c' 3u# # $o%o #l &#- #l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l' %## -#&$'u-'-&#l' !'# %# D!o&* (No$': Luc* 10: 2*< A'- 'l S#- !4!$o, o!&c!#$#, co $o%'& l'&7u#-9'&, l' #$# #l co-'9, &!!4c' #l %#&'--ollo 5& #l#+'%o %# $o%'& l'&7'cul$'%#&* S!!4c' 3u# # $o%o #l &#- #l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l' %## -#&$'u-'-&#l' !'# %# D!o&*)

"S##j'$# 'l /-!#- '%'!#$o, #& #l &#u%o: "A'-5& ' $u /-j!o coo ' $!!&o"* " L' l# %# 'o- -#3u!#-# l' %#%!c'c! %#l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l' 'l&#-+!c!o %# D!o& %# u#&$-o& &##j'$#&* #&$# &#-+!c!o, 'l /'- 3u# o& co&$!$u# #



#%!c! /'-' lo& %#5&, o& /-o/o-c!o' ' o&o$-o& l' 5& -'%# #%!c!* L''#'c! #& l' '&# %# $o%o +#-%'%#-o %#&'--ollo* 8o- #%!o %#l &#-+!c!o '#'%o,'%3u!#-# $o%' 7'cul$'% u#&$-' &u %#&'--ollo 56!o* Ll#'o& ' /'-$!c!/'- c'%' +#95& /l#'#$# %# l' '$u-'l#9' %!+!'* Soo& /-#/'-'%o& /'-' #l c!#lo, /o-3u# lo-#c!!o& # u#&$-o co-'9*

"8u#&$o 3u# D!o& #& l' 7u#$# %# $o%o cooc!!#$o +#-%'%#-o, #l /-!c!/'l oj#$o %# l'#%uc'c! #&, &# #o& +!&$o, %!-!!- u#&$-' #$# ' l' -#+#l'c! 3u# .l 'c# %# &

!&o* A%5 E+' -#c!!#-o cooc!!#$o cou!c5%o&# %!-#c$'#$# co D!o&, '/-#%!#-o %# .l /o- #%!o %# &u& o-'&* To%'& l'& co&'& c-#'%'&, # &u /#-7#cc!o-!!'l, " #-' u' #6/-#&! %#l /#&'!#$o %# D!o&* 8'-' A%5 E+', l' '$u-'l#9'-#o&'' %# &'!%u-' %!+!'* 8#-o /o- l' $-'&-#&!, #l o-# 7u# /-!+'%o %#lcooc!!#$o %# D!o& #%!'$# u' cou! %!-#c$', # #6$#&o -'%o %#l 3u#o$#' /o- #%!o %# &u& o-'&* L' $!#--', '--u!'%' co$'!'%' /o- #l /#c'%o, o-#?#j' &!o o&cu-'#$# l' lo-!' %#l C-#'%o-* E& c!#-$o 3u# &u& l#cc!o#& oj#$!+'& o' %#&'/'-#c!%o* E c'%' /5!' %#l -' +olu# %# &u& o-'& c-#'%'& &# /u#%#o$'- $o%'+' l' #&c-!$u-' %# &u 'o* L' '$u-'l#9' ' 'l' %# &u C-#'%o-* S!#'-o, #&$'& -#+#l'c!o#& &o /'-c!'l#& # !/#-7#c$'&* # u#&$-o #&$'%o c'%o, col'& 7'cul$'%#& %#!l!$'%'& l' +!&! l!!$'%', &oo& !c'/'c#& %# !$#-/-#$'-l'&co--#c$'#$#* N#c#&!$'o& l' -#+#l'c! 5& /l#' 3u# D!o& o& ' %'%o %# & # &u

8'l'-' #&c-!$'*"

"L'& S'-'%'& E&c-!$u-'& &o l' o-' /#-7#c$' %# l' +#-%'% , coo $'l#&, &# l#&%##-' %'- #l /-!#- lu'- # l' #%uc'c!* 8'-' o$##- u' #%uc'c! %!' %# $'lo-#, %##o& -#c!!- u cooc!!#$o %# D!o&, #l C-#'%o-, %# C-!&$o, #l R#%#$o-,&# #&$5 -#+#l'%o& # l' S'-'%' 8'l'-'*"

"C'%' &#- u'o, c-#'%o ' l' !'# %# D!o&, #&$5 %o$'%o %# u' 7'cul$'% &##j'$# 'l' %#l C-#'%o-: l' !%!+!%u'l!%'%, l' 7'cul$'% %# /#&'- 'c#-* Lo& o-#& # 3u!##&&# %#&'--oll' #&$' 7'cul$'% &o lo& 3u# ll#+', -#&/o&'!l!%'%#&, lo& 3u# %!-!##/-#&'&, lo& 3u# !?u# &o-# #l c'-5c$#-* L' o-' %# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! co&!&$## %#&'--oll'- #&$' 7'cul$'%, # #%uc'- ' lo& j+##& /'-' 3u# &#' /#&'%o-#& o

#-o& -#?#c$o-#& %# lo& /#&'!#$o& %# o$-o& o-#&* E +#9 %# -#&$-!!- &u #&$u%!o' lo 3u# lo& o-#& ' %!co o #&c-!$o, lo& #&$u%!'$#& %## &#- %!-!!%o& ' l'&7u#$#& %# l' +#-%'%, ' lo& +'&$o& c'/o& '!#-$o& ' l' !+#&$!'c! # l' '$u-'l#9' # l' -#+#l'c!* " Co$#/l# l'& -'%#& -#'l!%'%#& %#l %##- %#l %#&$!o, l' #$#&# #6/'%!-5 -ou&$#c#-5* E +#9 %# j+##&, #%uc'%o&, /#-o %.!l#&, l'& !&$!$uc!o#&%#l &'#- %#!#-' /-o%uc!- o-#& 7u#-$#& /'-' /#&'- o-'-, o-#& 3u# &#''o& o #&cl'+o& %# l'& c!-cu&$'c!'&, o-#& 3u# /o&#' '/l!$u% %# #$#,cl'-!%'% %# /#&'!#$o +'lo- /'-' %#7#%#- &u& co+!cc!o#&*"

M 22ju ;@"S##j'$# #%uc'c! /-o+## 'lo 5& 3u# u' %!&c!/l!' #$'l> /-o+## 'lo 5&3u# u' /-#/'-'c! 7&!c'* Fo-$'l#c# #l c'-5c$#-, %# o%o 3u# o &# &'c-!43u# l'

+#-%'% l' ju&$!c!' 'l %#&#o #o&$' o ' l' '!c! u%''* Fo-$'l#c# l' #$# co$-'#l 'l* E +#9 %# 3u# u' /'&! %o!'$# ll#u# ' &#- u /o%#- %#&$-uc$o-, &#'ol%' c'%' o$!+o %#&#o ' lo& -'%#& /-!c!/!o& %# l' ju&$!c!'* Al #&/'c!'-&# # l'/#-7#cc! %#l c'-5c$#- %# D!o&, l' #$# &# -#u#+' #l 'l' +u#l+# ' c-#'-&# ' &u!'#*"

"Gu. #%uc'c! /u#%# &u/#-'- ' .&$'H Gu. /u#%# !u'l'- &u +'lo-H"

"No &# %'-5 /o- o-o,"

N! &u /-#c!o* &#-5 ' /#&o %# /l'$'**N! &u /-#c!o* &#-5 ' /#&o %# /l'$'**No /u#%# &#-



'/-#c!'%' co o-o %# O4-,No /u#%# &#- '/-#c!'%' co o-o %# O4-,N! co !c# /-#c!o&o,! co 9'4-o*N! co !c# /-#c!o&o, ! co 9'4-o*El o-o o &# l# !u'l'-5, ! #l %!''$#,Elo-o o &# l# !u'l'-5, ! #l %!''$#,N! &# c'!'-5 /o- 'l'j'& %# o-o 4o*N! &#c'!'-5 /o- 'l'j'& %# o-o 4o*No &# '-5 #c! %# co-'l ! %# /#-l'&*No &# '-5#c! %# co-'l ! %# /#-l'&*L' &'!%u-' #& #jo- 3u# l'& /!#%-'& /-#c!o&'&*"L'&'!%u-' #& #jo- 3u# l'& /!#%-'& /-#c!o&'&*"=o 2: 1J, 1*< (No$': =o 2: 1J, 1*<)

"El !%#'l 3u# D!o& $!## /'-' &u& !jo& #&$5 /o- #c!' %#l 'lc'c# %#l 5& #l#+'%o

/#&'!#$o u'o* L' #$' ' 'lc'9'- #& l' /!#%'%, l' &##j'9' ' D!o&* A$# #l#&$u%!'$# &# '-# u c'!o %# /-o-#&o co$!uo* T!## 3u# 'lc'9'- u oj#$o, lo-'-u' o-' 3u# !clu# $o%o lo u#o, lo /u-o lo ol#* 8-o-#&'-5 $' -5/!%'#$# #!-5 $' l#jo& coo 7u#-# /o&!l# # $o%o& lo& -'o& " %#l +#-%'%#-o cooc!!#$o* 8#-o&u& #&7u#-9o& &# %!-!!-5 ' 4#& $'$o 5& 'l$o& 3u# #l #-o #o&o lo& !$#-#&#&$#/o-'l#&, cu'$o &o 5& 'l$o& lo& c!#lo& 3u# l' $!#--'*"

"El 3u# coo/#-' co #l /-o/&!$o %!+!o /'-' !/'-$!- ' lo& j+##& u cooc!!#$o %#D!o&, o%#l'- #l c'-5c$#- # '-o' co #l &uo, 'c# u' o-' ol# #l#+'%'* Al%#&/#-$'- #l %#&#o %# 'lc'9'- #l !%#'l %# D!o&, /-#&#$' u' #%uc'c! $' #l#+'%'coo #l c!#lo, $' '/l!' coo #l u!+#-&o> u' #%uc'c! 3u# o &# /u#%# co/l#$'-# #&$' +!%', &!o 3u# co$!u'-5 # l' +#!%#-'> u' #%uc'c! 3u# '&#u-' 'l

#&$u%!'$# %# .6!$o &u /'&'/o-$# %# l' #&cu#l' /-#/'-'$o-!' %# l' $!#--' ' l' &u/#-!o-, l'c#l#&$!'l* "

La Fuente de la Verdadera Educación y su Propósito

"El cooc!!#$o %#l &'$&!o #& l' !$#l!#c!'"* "Vu#l+# 'o-' # '!&$'% co .l"*"

NUESTRO coc#/$o %# l' #%uc'c! $!## u 'lc'c# %#'&!'%o #&$-#co 'jo* E&#c#&'-!o 3u# $#' u' 'o- '/l!$u% u 4 5& #l#+'%o* L' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c!&!!4c' 5& 3u# l' /-o&#cuc! %# u %#$#-!'%o cu-&o %# #&$u%!o* S!!4c' 5& 3u#u' /-#/'-'c! /'-' l' +!%' 'c$u'l* A'-c' $o%o #l &#-, $o%o #l /#-o%o %# l' #6!&$#c!''cc#&!l# 'l o-#* E& #l %#&'--ollo '-o!o&o %# l'& 7'cul$'%#& 7&!c'&, #$'l#&

#&/!-!$u'l#&* 8-#/'-' 'l #&$u%!'$# /'-' #l o9o %# &#-+!- # #&$# u%o, /'-' u o9o&u/#-!o- /-o/o-c!o'%o /o- u &#-+!c!o 5& '/l!o # #l u%o +#!%#-o*

L'& S'-'%'& E&c-!$u-'&, cu'%o &#'l' 'l S#- !4!$o, /-#&#$' # l'& &!u!#$#&/'l'-'& l' 7u#$# %# &##j'$# #%uc'c!: E .l "#&$5 #&co%!%o& $o%o& lo& $#&o-o& %#l' &'!%u-'"*"#&$5 #&co%!%o& $o%o& lo& $#&o-o& %# l' &'!%u-'"*Col* 2: ;*< "Suo #& #lco&#jo l' !$#l!#c!'"*=o 12: 1;*<=o 12: 1;*< (No$': Col* 2: ;*< "Suo #& #l co&#jo l' !$#l!#c!'"*)

"El u%o ' $#!%o &u& -'%#& '#&$-o&, o-#& %# !$#l#c$o !'$#&co ''-c'$##&/-!$u !+#&$!'%o-, o-#& cu'& %#cl'-'c!o#& ' #&$!ul'%o #l /#&'!#$o,

'!#-$o ' l' +!&$' +'&$o& c'/o& %# cooc!!#$o> #&$o& o-#& ' &!%o o-'%o&coo u'& ##7'c$o-#& %# &u -'9'> /#-o ' Uo &u/#-!o- ' #llo&* 8o%#o& -'&$-#'-l' '&c#%#c!' %# lo& '#&$-o& %#l u%o '&$' %o%# 'lc'9' lo& !7o-#& u'o&:/#-o '$#& %# #llo& "#&$'' l' Lu9* A& coo l' lu' lo& /l'#$'& %# u#&$-o &!&$#'&ol'- -!ll' /o- l' lu9 %#l &ol 3u# -#?#j', lo& -'%#& /#&'%o-#& %#l u%o, # lo 3u#$#' %# c!#-$o &u #&#'9', -#?#j' lo& -'o& %#l Sol %# =u&$!c!'* To%o -'o %#l/#&'!#$o, $o%o %#&$#llo %#l !$#l#c$o, /-oc#%# %# l' Lu9 %#l u%o*"

E #&$o& $!#/o& &# 'l' uco %# l' '$u-'l#9' # !/o-$'c!' %# l' "#%uc'c!&u/#-!o-"* E #&$o& $!#/o& &# 'l' uco %# l' '$u-'l#9' # !/o-$'c!' %# l'"#%uc'c! &u/#-!o-"* A3u#l co 3u!# #&$5 "l' &'!%u-' #l /o%#-" "l' &'!%u-' #l



/o%#-"=o 12: 1;*< "+!## #l cooc!!#$o l' !$#l!#c!'"8-o+* 2: *<, !/'-$# l'+#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! &u/#-!o-*8-o+* 2: *<, !/'-$# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! &u/#-!o-*(No$': =o 12: 1;*< %# cu' oc' "+!## #l cooc!!#$o l' !$#l!#c!'")

"To%o +#-%'%#-o cooc!!#$o %#&'--ollo $!## &u o-!# # #l cooc!!#$o %# D!o&*Do3u!#-' o& %!-!j'o&: 'l %o!!o 7&!co, #$'l #&/!-!$u'l> cu'l3u!#- co&' 3u#co$#/l#o&, 7u#-' %# l' '-c!$#9 %#l /#c'%o, # $o%o +#o& -#+#l'%o #&$#cooc!!#$o* Cu'l3u!#- -'o %# !+#&$!'c! 3u# #/-#%'o&, co #l &!c#-o

/-o/&!$o %# ll#'- ' l' +#-%'%, o& /o# # co$'c$o co l' I$#l!#c!' /o%#-o&' #!+!&!l# 3u# o-' # $o%'& l'& co&'& /o- #%!o %# #ll'&* L' #$# %#l o-# &# /o## cou! co l' #$# %# D!o&> lo 4!$o, co lo !4!$o* El #7#c$o 3u# $!## #&$'cou! &o-# #l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l' &o-#/uj' $o%' #&$!'c!*"

= 2;ju K@ E #&$' cou! &# 'll' l' #%uc'c! 5& #l#+'%'* E& #l .$o%o /-o/!o 3u# D!o&$!## /'-' lo-'- #l %#&'--ollo %#l o-#* "Vu#l+# 'o-' # '!&$'% co .l"E #&$'cou! &# 'll' l' #%uc'c! 5& #l#+'%'* E& #l .$o%o /-o/!o 3u# D!o& $!## /'-'lo-'- #l %#&'--ollo %#l o-#* "Vu#l+# 'o-' # '!&$'% co .l"=o 22: 21*<, #& &u#&'j# /'-' l' u'!%'%* El .$o%o $-'9'%o # #&$'& /'l'-'& #-' #l 3u# &# &#u'# l' #%uc'c! %#l /'%-# %# u#&$-' #&/#c!#* A& !&$-u D!o& ' A%5 cu'%o, # l'lo-!' %# u' +!-!l!%'% #6#$' %# /#c'%o, '!$'' .&$# # #l &'-'%o j'-% %#l E%.*

(No$': =o 22: 21*<, #& &u #&'j# /'-' l' u'!%'%* El .$o%o $-'9'%o # #&$'&/'l'-'& #-' #l 3u# &# &#u' # l' #%uc'c! %#l /'%-# %# u#&$-' #&/#c!#* A& !&$-uD!o& ' A%5 cu'%o, # l' lo-!' %# u' +!-!l!%'% #6#$' %# /#c'%o, '!$'' .&$# # #l&'-'%o j'-% %#l E%.*)

"A 4 %# co/-#%#- lo 3u# ''-c' l' o-' %# l' #%uc'c!, #c#&!$'o& co&!%#-'-$'$o l' '$u-'l#9' %#l o-# coo #l /-o/&!$o %# D!o& 'l c-#'-lo* " N#c#&!$'o&co&!%#-'- $'!. #l c'!o +#-!4c'%o # l' co%!c! %#l o-# /o- l' !$-o%ucc!%#l cooc!!#$o %#l 'l, #l /l' %# D!o& /'-' cu/l!-, &! #'-o, &u lo-!o&o/-o/&!$o # l' #%uc'c! %# l' #&/#c!# u''*"

"Cu'%o A%5 &'l! %# l'& 'o& %#l C-#'%o-, ll#+'' # &u '$u-'l#9' 7&!c', #$'l

#&/!-!$u'l, l' &##j'9' %# &u 'c#%o-* "C-# D!o& 'l o-# ' &u !'#"," co #l/-o/&!$o %# 3u#, cu'$o 5& +!+!#-', 5& /l#'#$# -#+#l'-' #&' !'# 5&/l#'#$# -#?#j'-' l' lo-!' %#l C-#'%o-* To%'& &u& 7'cul$'%#& #-' &u&c#/$!l#& %#%#&'--ollo> &u c'/'c!%'% &u +!o- %#' 'u#$'- co$!u'#$#* V'&$' #-' l' #&7#-'3u# &# o7-#c' ' &u 'c$!+!%'%, lo-!o&o #l c'/o '!#-$o ' &u !+#&$!'c!* Lo& !&$#-!o&%#l u!+#-&o +!&!l# "l'& '-'+!ll'& %#l 8#-7#c$o # &'!%u-'"," !+!$'' 'l o-##&$u%!'-* T#' #l 'l$o /-!+!l#!o %# -#l'c!o'-&# $!'#$#, c'-' ' c'-', co &u'c#%o-* S u!#&# /#-'#c!%o l#'l ' D!o&, $o%o #&$o l# u!#-' /#-$##c!%o /'-'&!#/-#* A $-'+.& %# lo& &!lo& #$#-o&, u!#-' &#u!%o '%3u!-!#%o u#+o& $#&o-o& %#cooc!!#$o, %#&cu-!#%o u#+o& ''$!'l#& %# 7#l!c!%'% o$#!#%o coc#/$o&c'%' +#9 5& cl'-o& %# l' &'!%u-', #l /o%#- #l 'o- %# D!o&* '-' cu/l!%o c'%'

+#9 5& c''l#$# #l oj#$o %# &u c-#'c!> '-' -#?#j'%o c'%' +#9 5& /l#'#$#l' lo-!' %#l C-#'%o-*

"8#-o /o- &u %#&o#%!#c!' /#-%! $o%o #&$o* El /#c'%o 'c!ll c'&! o-- l'&##j'9' %!+!'* L'& 7'cul$'%#& 7&!c'& %#l o-# &# %#!l!$'-o, &u c'/'c!%'% #$'l%!&!u, &u +!&! #&/!-!$u'l &# o&cu-#c!* u#% &uj#$o ' l' u#-$#* No o&$'$#, l'#&/#c!# u'' o 7u# %#j'%' &! #&/#-'9'* Co !4!$o 'o- !&#-!co-%!' '' &!%o$-'9'%o #l /l' %# &'l+'c! &# l# o$o- u' +!%' %# /-u#'* L' o-' %# l' -#%#c!%#' -#&$'u-'- # #l "o-# l' !'# %# &u 'c#%o-, %#+ol+#-lo ' l' /#-7#cc! co3u# '' &!%o c-#'%o, /-oo+#- #l %#&'--ollo %#l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l', ' 4 %#3u# &# ll#+'&# ' c'o #l /-o/&!$o %!+!o %# &u c-#'c!* E&$# #& #l oj#$o %# l'



#%uc'c!, #l -' oj#$o %# l' +!%'*"

El 'o-, '&# %# l' c-#'c! %# l' -#%#c!, #& #l 7u%'#$o %# l' +#-%'%#-'#%uc'c!* E&$o &# +# cl'-'#$# # l' l# 3u# D!o& ' %'%o coo u' %# l' +!%'* El/-!#-o -'%# '%'!#$o #&: "A'-5& 'l S#o- $u D!o& co $o%o $u co-'9, co$o%' $u 'l', co $o%'& $u& 7u#-9'&, co $o%' $u #$#"*El 'o-, '&# %# l' c-#'c! %# l' -#%#c!, #& #l 7u%'#$o %# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c!* E&$o &# +# cl'-'#$## l' l# 3u# D!o& ' %'%o coo u' %# l' +!%'* El /-!#-o -'%# '%'!#$o #&:

"A'-5& 'l S#o- $u D!o& co $o%o $u co-'9, co $o%' $u 'l', co $o%'& $u&7u#-9'&, co $o%' $u #$#"* Luc* 10: 2*< A'- 'l S#- !4!$o, o!&c!#$#, co $o%'&l'& 7u#-9'&, l' #$# #l co-'9, &!!4c' #l %#&'--ollo 5& #l#+'%o %# $o%'& l'&7'cul$'%#&* S!!4c' 3u# # $o%o #l &#- #l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l' %## -#&$'u-'-&#l' !'# %# D!o&* (No$': Luc* 10: 2*< A'- 'l S#- !4!$o, o!&c!#$#, co $o%'& l'&7u#-9'&, l' #$# #l co-'9, &!!4c' #l %#&'--ollo 5& #l#+'%o %# $o%'& l'&7'cul$'%#&* S!!4c' 3u# # $o%o #l &#- #l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l' %## -#&$'u-'-&#l' !'# %# D!o&*)

"S##j'$# 'l /-!#- '%'!#$o, #& #l &#u%o: "A'-5& ' $u /-j!o coo ' $!!&o"* " L' l# %# 'o- -#3u!#-# l' %#%!c'c! %#l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l' 'l&#-+!c!o %# D!o& %# u#&$-o& &##j'$#&* #&$# &#-+!c!o, 'l /'- 3u# o& co&$!$u# #

#%!c! /'-' lo& %#5&, o& /-o/o-c!o' ' o&o$-o& l' 5& -'%# #%!c!* L''#'c! #& l' '&# %# $o%o +#-%'%#-o %#&'--ollo* 8o- #%!o %#l &#-+!c!o '#'%o,'%3u!#-# $o%' 7'cul$'% u#&$-' &u %#&'--ollo 56!o* Ll#'o& ' /'-$!c!/'- c'%' +#95& /l#'#$# %# l' '$u-'l#9' %!+!'* Soo& /-#/'-'%o& /'-' #l c!#lo, /o-3u# lo-#c!!o& # u#&$-o co-'9*

V 2Kju J@"8u#&$o 3u# D!o& #& l' 7u#$# %# $o%o cooc!!#$o +#-%'%#-o, #l /-!c!/'l oj#$o %#l' #%uc'c! #&, &# #o& +!&$o, %!-!!- u#&$-' #$# ' l' -#+#l'c! 3u# .l 'c# %#& !&o* A%5 E+' -#c!!#-o cooc!!#$o cou!c5%o&# %!-#c$'#$# co D!o&, '/-#%!#-o %# .l /o- #%!o %# &u& o-'&* To%'& l'& co&'& c-#'%'&, # &u /#-7#cc!o-!!'l, " #-' u' #6/-#&! %#l /#&'!#$o %# D!o&* 8'-' A%5 E+', l' '$u-'l#9'-#o&'' %# &'!%u-' %!+!'* 8#-o /o- l' $-'&-#&!, #l o-# 7u# /-!+'%o %#l

cooc!!#$o %# D!o& #%!'$# u' cou! %!-#c$', # #6$#&o -'%o %#l 3u#o$#' /o- #%!o %# &u& o-'&* L' $!#--', '--u!'%' co$'!'%' /o- #l /#c'%o, o-#?#j' &!o o&cu-'#$# l' lo-!' %#l C-#'%o-* E& c!#-$o 3u# &u& l#cc!o#& oj#$!+'& o' %#&'/'-#c!%o* E c'%' /5!' %#l -' +olu# %# &u& o-'& c-#'%'& &# /u#%#o$'- $o%'+' l' #&c-!$u-' %# &u 'o* L' '$u-'l#9' ' 'l' %# &u C-#'%o-* S!#'-o, #&$'& -#+#l'c!o#& &o /'-c!'l#& # !/#-7#c$'&* # u#&$-o #&$'%o c'%o, col'& 7'cul$'%#& %#!l!$'%'& l' +!&! l!!$'%', &oo& !c'/'c#& %# !$#-/-#$'-l'&co--#c$'#$#* N#c#&!$'o& l' -#+#l'c! 5& /l#' 3u# D!o& o& ' %'%o %# & # &u8'l'-' #&c-!$'*"

"L'& S'-'%'& E&c-!$u-'& &o l' o-' /#-7#c$' %# l' +#-%'% , coo $'l#&, &# l#&

%##-' %'- #l /-!#- lu'- # l' #%uc'c!* 8'-' o$##- u' #%uc'c! %!' %# $'lo-#, %##o& -#c!!- u cooc!!#$o %# D!o&, #l C-#'%o-, %# C-!&$o, #l R#%#$o-,&# #&$5 -#+#l'%o& # l' S'-'%' 8'l'-'*"

"C'%' &#- u'o, c-#'%o ' l' !'# %# D!o&, #&$5 %o$'%o %# u' 7'cul$'% &##j'$# 'l' %#l C-#'%o-: l' !%!+!%u'l!%'%, l' 7'cul$'% %# /#&'- 'c#-* Lo& o-#& # 3u!##&&# %#&'--oll' #&$' 7'cul$'% &o lo& 3u# ll#+', -#&/o&'!l!%'%#&, lo& 3u# %!-!##/-#&'&, lo& 3u# !?u# &o-# #l c'-5c$#-* L' o-' %# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! co&!&$## %#&'--oll'- #&$' 7'cul$'%, # #%uc'- ' lo& j+##& /'-' 3u# &#' /#&'%o-#& o#-o& -#?#c$o-#& %# lo& /#&'!#$o& %# o$-o& o-#&* E +#9 %# -#&$-!!- &u #&$u%!o' lo 3u# lo& o-#& ' %!co o #&c-!$o, lo& #&$u%!'$#& %## &#- %!-!!%o& ' l'&



7u#$#& %# l' +#-%'%, ' lo& +'&$o& c'/o& '!#-$o& ' l' !+#&$!'c! # l' '$u-'l#9' # l' -#+#l'c!* " Co$#/l# l'& -'%#& -#'l!%'%#& %#l %##- %#l %#&$!o, l' #$#&# #6/'%!-5 -ou&$#c#-5* E +#9 %# j+##&, #%uc'%o&, /#-o %.!l#&, l'& !&$!$uc!o#&%#l &'#- %#!#-' /-o%uc!- o-#& 7u#-$#& /'-' /#&'- o-'-, o-#& 3u# &#''o& o #&cl'+o& %# l'& c!-cu&$'c!'&, o-#& 3u# /o&#' '/l!$u% %# #$#,cl'-!%'% %# /#&'!#$o +'lo- /'-' %#7#%#- &u& co+!cc!o#&*"

"S##j'$# #%uc'c! /-o+## 'lo 5& 3u# u' %!&c!/l!' #$'l> /-o+## 'lo 5& 3u#

u' /-#/'-'c! 7&!c'* Fo-$'l#c# #l c'-5c$#-, %# o%o 3u# o &# &'c-!43u# l' +#-%'% l' ju&$!c!' 'l %#&#o #o&$' o ' l' '!c! u%''* Fo-$'l#c# l' #$# co$-' #l 'l*E +#9 %# 3u# u' /'&! %o!'$# ll#u# ' &#- u /o%#- %#&$-uc$o-, &# 'ol%' c'%'o$!+o %#&#o ' lo& -'%#& /-!c!/!o& %# l' ju&$!c!'* Al #&/'c!'-&# # l' /#-7#cc! %#lc'-5c$#- %# D!o&, l' #$# &# -#u#+' #l 'l' +u#l+# ' c-#'-&# ' &u !'#*"

"Gu. #%uc'c! /u#%# &u/#-'- ' .&$'H Gu. /u#%# !u'l'- &u +'lo-H"

"No &# %'-5 /o- o-o,"

N! &u /-#c!o* &#-5 ' /#&o %# /l'$'**N! &u /-#c!o* &#-5 ' /#&o %# /l'$'**No /u#%# &#-'/-#c!'%' co o-o %# O4-,No /u#%# &#- '/-#c!'%' co o-o %# O4-,N! co !c# /-#c!o&o,

! co 9'4-o*N! co !c# /-#c!o&o, ! co 9'4-o*El o-o o &# l# !u'l'-5, ! #l %!''$#,Elo-o o &# l# !u'l'-5, ! #l %!''$#,N! &# c'!'-5 /o- 'l'j'& %# o-o 4o*N! &#c'!'-5 /o- 'l'j'& %# o-o 4o*No &# '-5 #c! %# co-'l ! %# /#-l'&*No &# '-5#c! %# co-'l ! %# /#-l'&*L' &'!%u-' #& #jo- 3u# l'& /!#%-'& /-#c!o&'&*"L'&'!%u-' #& #jo- 3u# l'& /!#%-'& /-#c!o&'&*"=o 2: 1J, 1*< (No$': =o 2: 1J, 1*<)

"El !%#'l 3u# D!o& $!## /'-' &u& !jo& #&$5 /o- #c!' %#l 'lc'c# %#l 5& #l#+'%o/#&'!#$o u'o* L' #$' ' 'lc'9'- #& l' /!#%'%, l' &##j'9' ' D!o&* A$# #l#&$u%!'$# &# '-# u c'!o %# /-o-#&o co$!uo* T!## 3u# 'lc'9'- u oj#$o, lo-'-u' o-' 3u# !clu# $o%o lo u#o, lo /u-o lo ol#* 8-o-#&'-5 $' -5/!%'#$# #!-5 $' l#jo& coo 7u#-# /o&!l# # $o%o& lo& -'o& " %#l +#-%'%#-o cooc!!#$o* 8#-o&u& #&7u#-9o& &# %!-!!-5 ' 4#& $'$o 5& 'l$o& 3u# #l #-o #o&o lo& !$#-#&#&

$#/o-'l#&, cu'$o &o 5& 'l$o& lo& c!#lo& 3u# l' $!#--'*"

"El 3u# coo/#-' co #l /-o/&!$o %!+!o /'-' !/'-$!- ' lo& j+##& u cooc!!#$o %#D!o&, o%#l'- #l c'-5c$#- # '-o' co #l &uo, 'c# u' o-' ol# #l#+'%'* Al%#&/#-$'- #l %#&#o %# 'lc'9'- #l !%#'l %# D!o&, /-#&#$' u' #%uc'c! $' #l#+'%'coo #l c!#lo, $' '/l!' coo #l u!+#-&o> u' #%uc'c! 3u# o &# /u#%# co/l#$'-# #&$' +!%', &!o 3u# co$!u'-5 # l' +#!%#-'> u' #%uc'c! 3u# '&#u-' 'l#&$u%!'$# %# .6!$o &u /'&'/o-$# %# l' #&cu#l' /-#/'-'$o-!' %# l' $!#--' ' l' &u/#-!o-, l'c#l#&$!'l* "

S 2Jju @ El Conocimiento del Bien y del Mal

" coo #llo& o '/-o'-o $##- # cu#$' ' D!o&, D!o& lo& #$-# ' u' #$#-#/-o'%'"*"

AUNUE c-#'%o& !oc#$#& &'$o&, u#&$-o& /-!#-o& /'%-#& o 7u#-o /u#&$o& 7u#-'%# l' /o&!!l!%'% %# o-'- 'l* D!o& /o%' '#-lo& c-#'%o %# o%o 3u# o /u%!#-'7'l$'- ' &u& -#3u#-!!#$o&, /#-o # #&# c'&o &u c'-5c$#- o &# '-' %#&'--oll'%o &u&#-+!c!o o u!#-' &!%o +olu$'-!o, &!o 7o-9'%o* L#& %!o, /o- lo $'$o, l' 7'cul$'% %##&co#-, %# &o#$#-&# o o ' l' o#%!#c!'* '$#& 3u# #llo& -#c!!#-' # &u /l#!$u%l'& #%!c!o#& 3u# .l %#&#'' !/'-$!-l#&, %#' &#- /-o'%o& &u 'o- &u l#'l$'%*



E #l u#-$o %#l E%. &# 'll'' "#l 5-ol %# l' c!#c!' %#l !# %#l 'l* * * '% =#o+5 D!o& 'l o-#, %!c!#%o: D# $o%o 5-ol %#l u#-$o /o%-5& co#-> '& %#l 5-ol%# l' c!#c!' %#l !# %#l 'l o co#-5&> /o-3u# #l %' 3u# %# .l co!#-#&,c!#-$'#$# o-!-5&"#l 5-ol %# l' c!#c!' %#l !# %#l 'l* * * '% =#o+5 D!o& 'lo-#, %!c!#%o: D# $o%o 5-ol %#l u#-$o /o%-5& co#-> '& %#l 5-ol %# l' c!#c!' %#l!# %#l 'l o co#-5&> /o-3u# #l %' 3u# %# .l co!#-#&, c!#-$'#$# o-!-5&".2: , 1, 1*<*2K (No$': . 2: , 1, 1*<* D!o& 3u#-' 3u# A%5 E+' o cooc!#-' #l

'l* El cooc!!#$o %#l 'l %#l /#c'%o &u& -#&ul$'%o&, %#l $-''jo c'&'%o-, %# l'/-#ocu/'c! '&!o&', %#l %#&co-'9o'!#$o l' /#', %#l %olo- l' u#-$#, l#& 7u##+!$'%o /o- 'o-* )

M!#$-'& D!o& u&c'' #l !# %#l o-#, S'$'5& u&c'' &u -u!'* Cu'%o E+', 'l%#&o#%#c#- l' '%+#-$#c!' %#l S#o- # cu'$o 'l 5-ol /-o!!%o, &# '$-#+! ''c#-c'-&# ' .l, &# /u&o # co$'c$o co #l ##!o* U' +#9 3u# &# %#&/#-$'-o &u!$#-.& &u cu-!o&!%'%, S'$'5& /-oc#%! ' #'- l' /'l'-' %# D!o&, ' !&!u'-%#&co4'9' # &u &'!%u-' o%'%* A l' %#cl'-'c! %# l' uj#- co -#&/#c$o 'l5-ol %# l' c!#c!': "D!jo D!o&: No co#-.!& %# .l, ! l# $oc'-.!&, /'-' 3u# o u-5!&","D!jo D!o&: No co#-.!& %# .l, ! l# $oc'-.!&, /'-' 3u# o u-5!&", #l $#$'%o- -#&/o%!:"No o-!-.!&> &!o 3u# &'# D!o& 3u# #l %' 3u# co5!& %# .l, &#-5 '!#-$o& +u#&$-o&

ojo&, &#-.!& coo D!o&, &'!#%o #l !# #l 'l"* "No o-!-.!&> &!o 3u# &'# D!o& 3u##l %' 3u# co5!& %# .l, &#-5 '!#-$o& +u#&$-o& ojo&, &#-.!& coo D!o&, &'!#%o #l!# #l 'l"*.* ;: ;J*< (No$': .* ;: ;J*<)

"S'$'5& %#&#'' 'c#- c-##- 3u# #&$# cooc!!#$o %#l !# #9cl'%o co #l 'l &#-'u' #%!c!, 3u# 'l /-o!!-l#& 3u# $o'&# %#l 7-u$o %#l 5-ol D!o& lo& /-!+'' %# u-' !#* A-' 3u# D!o& l#& '' /-o!!%o /-o'-lo ' c'u&' %# l'& '-'+!llo&'&/-o/!#%'%#& 3u# $#' /'-' !/'-$!- &'!%u-' /o%#-, 3u# %# #&# o%o $-'$'' %#!/#%!- 3u# 'lc'9'-' u %#&'--ollo 5& ol# 'll'&# 'o- 7#l!c!%'%* D#cl'- 3u#.l '' co!%o %#l 7-u$o /-o!!%o 3u# #l -#&ul$'%o '' &!%o l' '%3u!&!c! %# l'7'cul$'% %# 'l'-, 3u# &! #llo& $'!. co' %# #&# 5-ol 'lc'9'-' u' #&7#-'5& #l#+'%' %# #6!&$#c!', #$-'-' # u c'/o 5& +'&$o %# cooc!!#$o*"

"Au3u# S'$'5& %#c' '#- -#c!!%o uco !# /o- '#- co!%o %#l 7-u$o /-o!!%o,ocul$ #l #co %# 3u# ' c'u&' %# l' $-'&-#&! '' &!%o '--oj'%o %#l c!#lo* E&'#$!-' #&$'' %# $'l o%o #&co%!%' 'jo u' '/'-!#c!' %# +#-%'%, 3u# E+',!7'$u'%', 'l''%' #c!9'%', o %#&cu-! #l #'o* Co%!c! lo 3u# D!o& ''/-o!!%o> %#&co4 %# &u &'!%u-'* Ec ' u l'%o l' 7#, l' ll'+# %#l cooc!!#$o* "

Cu'%o E+' +!o 3u# "#l 5-ol #-' u#o /'-' co#-, 3u# #-' '-'%'l# ' lo& ojo&, 5-ol co%!c!'l# /'-' 'lc'9'- l' &'!%u-'* * * $o %# &u 7-u$o, co!"Cu'%o E+' +!o3u# "#l 5-ol #-' u#o /'-' co#-, 3u# #-' '-'%'l# ' lo& ojo&, 5-ol co%!c!'l#/'-' 'lc'9'- l' &'!%u-'* * * $o %# &u 7-u$o, co!"* E-' %# &'o- '-'%'l#, '

#%!%' 3u# co', l# /'-#c' &#$!- u /o%#- +!+!4c'%o- &# !'! 3u# /##$-'' #u #&$'%o &u/#-!o- %# #6!&$#c!'* U' +#9 3u# uo /#c'%o, &# $-'&7o- # $#$'%o-'%# &u #&/o&o "#l cu'l co! '& coo #ll'"*"#l cu'l co! '& coo #ll'"*.* ;: *<(No$': .* ;: *<)

"S#-5 '!#-$o& +u#&$-o& ojo&","S#-5 '!#-$o& +u#&$-o& ojo&", '' %!co #l ##!o> "&#-.!& coo D!o&, &'!#%o #l !# #l M'l"* " &#-.!& coo D!o&, &'!#%o #l !# #lM'l"*.* ;: J*< Fu#-o '!#-$o& c!#-$'#$# &u& ojo&, /#-o cu5 $-!&$# 7u# #&' '/#-$u-'P

To%o lo 3u# ''-o lo& $-'&-#&o-#& 7u# #l cooc!!#$o %#l 'l, l' 'l%!c! %#l/#c'%o* E l' 7-u$' o '' '%' +##o&o #l /#c'%o o co&!&$' #-'#$# #c#%#- 'l '/#$!$o* L' %#&co4'9' # l' o%'% %# D!o&, l' 7'l$' %# 7# # &u /'l'-', #l



-#c'9'!#$o %# &u 'u$o-!%'%, 7u# lo 3u# co+!-$! ' u#&$-o& /-!#-o& /'%-#& #$-'&-#&o-#&, # !$-o%ujo # #l u%o #l cooc!!#$o %#l 'l* E&o 7u# lo 3u# '-! l'/u#-$' ' $o%' cl'&# %# #$!-'& #--o-#&* (No$': .* ;: J*< Fu#-o '!#-$o& c!#-$'#$#&u& ojo&, /#-o cu5 $-!&$# 7u# #&' '/#-$u-'P To%o lo 3u# ''-o lo& $-'&-#&o-#& 7u# #lcooc!!#$o %#l 'l, l' 'l%!c! %#l /#c'%o* E l' 7-u$' o '' '%' +##o&o #l/#c'%o o co&!&$' #-'#$# # c#%#- 'l '/#$!$o* L' %#&co4'9' # l' o%'% %#D!o&, l' 7'l$' %# 7# # &u /'l'-', #l -#c'9'!#$o %# &u 'u$o-!%'%, 7u# lo 3u# co+!-$!' u#&$-o& /-!#-o& /'%-#& # $-'&-#&o-#&, # !$-o%ujo # #l u%o #l cooc!!#$o

%#l 'l* E&o 7u# lo 3u# '-! l' /u#-$' ' $o%' cl'&# %# #$!-'& #--o-#&* )"El o-# /#-%! $o%o /o-3u# /-#4-! o- 'l #''%o- # +#9 %# #&cuc'- ' A3u#l 3u##& l' V#-%'%, #l !co 3u# $!## #$#%!!#$o* Al #9cl'-&# #l 'l co #l !#, &u #$#&# $o- co7u&', &# #$o-/#c!#-o &u& 7'cul$'%#& #$'l#& #&/!-!$u'l#&* ' o /u%o'/-#c!'- #l !# 3u# D!o& l# '' o$o-'%o $' ##-o&'#$#*"

D 2ju @"A%5 E+' '' #&co!%o #l cooc!!#$o %#l 'l, &! 'lu' +#9 '' %#-#co-'- l' /o&!c! /#-%!%', $#' 3u# 'c#-lo # l'& co%!c!o#& %#&7'+o-'l#& 3u##llo& !&o& &# '' c-#'%o* ' o '' %# o-'- # #l E%., /o-3u# .&$#, # &u/#-7#cc!, o /o%' #&#'-l#& l'& l#cc!o#& 3u# l#& #-' #&#c!'l#& %#&%# #$oc#&*Co !%#&c-!/$!l# $-!&$#9' &# %#&/!%!#-o %#l #-o&o lu'-, 7u#-o " ' o-'- # l'$!#--', &o-# l' cu'l %#&c'&'' l' 'l%!c! %#l /#c'%o*"

D!o& '' %!co ' A%5: "8o- cu'$o o#%#c!&$# ' l' +o9 %# $u uj#-, co!&$# %#l 5-ol%# 3u# $# '%. %!c!#%o: No co#-5& %# .l> 'l%!$' &#-5 l' $!#--' /o- $u c'u&'> co%olo- co#-5& %# #ll' $o%o& lo& %'& %# $u +!%'** E&/!o& c'-%o& $# /-o%uc!-5, co#-5&/l'$'& %#l c'/o* Co #l &u%o- %# $u -o&$-o co#-5& #l /' '&$' 3u# +u#l+'& ' l'$!#--', /o-3u# %# #ll' 7u!&$# $o'%o> /u#& /ol+o #-#&, 'l /ol+o +ol+#-5&"*D!o& ''%!co ' A%5: "8o- cu'$o o#%#c!&$# ' l' +o9 %# $u uj#-, co!&$# %#l 5-ol %# 3u# $#'%. %!c!#%o: No co#-5& %# .l> 'l%!$' &#-5 l' $!#--' /o- $u c'u&'> co %olo-co#-5& %# #ll' $o%o& lo& %'& %# $u +!%'** E&/!o& c'-%o& $# /-o%uc!-5, co#-5&/l'$'& %#l c'/o* Co #l &u%o- %# $u -o&$-o co#-5& #l /' '&$' 3u# +u#l+'& ' l'$!#--', /o-3u# %# #ll' 7u!&$# $o'%o> /u#& /ol+o #-#&, 'l /ol+o +ol+#-5&"*.* ;: 11*<(No$': .* ;: 11*<)

"Au3u# l' $!#--' #&$'' '-c!$' /o- l' 'l%!c!, l' '$u-'l#9' %#' &#u!- &!#%o #ll!-o %# $#6$o %#l o-#* ' o /o%' -#/-#&#$'- o%'% &ol'#$# /o-3u# #l 'l#&$'' /-#&#$# # $o%'& /'-$#& '--u!'' l' $!#--', #l '- #l '!-# co &u co$'c$oco$'!'%o-* Do%# '$#& '' #&$'%o #&c-!$o !c'#$# #l c'-5c$#- %# D!o&, #lcooc!!#$o %#l !#, #&$'' $'!. #&c-!$o 'o-' #l c'-5c$#- %# S'$'5&, #lcooc!!#$o %#l 'l* El o-# %#' -#c!!- 'o#&$'c!o#& %# l' '$u-'l#9', 3u#'o-' -#+#l'' #l cooc!!#$o %#l !# %#l 'l, -#7#-#$#& ' lo& -#&ul$'%o& %#l/#c'%o*"

"E l'& ?o-#& u&$!'&, l' c'%' %# l'& oj'&, A%5 &u co/'#-' +!#-o lo& /-!#-o&

&!o& %# %#c'%#c!'* Fu# /-#&#$'%' co +!+!%#9 '$# &u #$# l' %u-' -#'l!%'% %# 3u#$o%o lo +!+!#$# %#' o-!-* '&$' #l '!-#, %#l cu'l %#/#%' &u +!%', ll#+'' lo&.-##& %# l' u#-$#* "

"T'!. &# l#& -#co-%'' %# co$!uo l' /.-%!%' %# &u %o!!o* A%5 '' &!%o -# %#lo& &#-#& !7#-!o-#&, !#$-'& /#-'#c! 4#l ' D!o&, $o%' l' '$u-'l#9' -#cooc! &uo!#-o, /#-o cu'%o /#c, /#-%! &u %#-#co 'l %o!!o* El #&/-!$u %# -##l!, 'l cu'l.l !&o '' %'%o #$-'%', &# #6$#%! ' $o%' l' c-#'c! '!'l* D# #&# o%o, o&lo l' +!%' %#l o-#, &!o l' '$u-'l#9' %# l'& #&$!'&, " lo& 5-ol#& %#l o&3u#, #l/'&$o %#l c'/o, '&$' #l '!-# 3u# -#&/!-'', 'l'' %# l' $-!&$# l#cc! %#lcooc!!#$o %#l 'l*"



S! #'-o, #l o-# o 7u# ''%o'%o ' lo& -#&ul$'%o& %#l 'l 3u# '' #&co!%o*E l' &#$#c!' /-ouc!'%' co$-' S'$'5& &# !&!u l' -#%#c!* " /o%-.##!&$'% #$-# $! l' uj#-", S! #'-o, #l o-# o 7u# ''%o'%o ' lo&-#&ul$'%o& %#l 'l 3u# '' #&co!%o* E l' &#$#c!' /-ouc!'%' co$-' S'$'5& &#!&!u l' -#%#c!* " /o%-. ##!&$'% #$-# $! l' uj#-", %!jo D!o&, " #$-# $u&!!#$# l' &!!#$# &u'> .&$' $# #-!-5 # l' c'#9', $ l# #-!-5& # #l c'lc''-"* "#$-# $u &!!#$# l' &!!#$# &u'> .&$' $# #-!-5 # l' c'#9', $ l# #-!-5& # #l

c'lc''-"*.* ;: 1J*< (No$': .* ;: 1J*<E&$' &#$#c!' /-ouc!'%' ' o%o& %# u#&$-o&/-!#-o& /'%-#&, 7u# /'-' #llo& u' /-o#&'* A$#& 3u# o#&# 'l'- %# l'& #&/!'& c'-%o&, %#l $-''jo -u%o %#l %olo- 3u# l#& '' %# $oc'- # &u#-$#, o %#l /ol+o 'l cu'l%#' +ol+#-, o#-o /'l'-'& 3u# o /o%' %#j'- %# !7u%!-l#& #&/#-'9'* To%o lo 3u#&# '' /#-%!%o 'l c#%#- ' l'& !&!u'c!o#& %# S'$'5& &# /o%' -#cu/#-'- /o- #%!o%# C-!&$o*)

L' '$u-'l#9' o& -#/!$# $'!. #&$' !%!c'c!* Au3u# #&$5 'c'%' /o- #l /#c'%o,o &lo 'l' %# l' c-#'c!, &!o $'!. %# l' -#%#c!* Au3u#, /o- lo& &!o&#+!%#$#& %# %#c'%#c!', l' $!#--' %' $#&$!o!o %# l' 'l%!c! 3u# /#&' &o-# #ll', #&' #-o&' -!c' # &#'l#& %#l /o%#- +!+!4c'%o-* Lo& 5-ol#& &# %#&/oj' %# &u&oj'& &lo /'-' +#&$!-&# %# u#+o +#-%o-> l'& ?o-#& u#-#, /'-' -o$'- co u#+'

#ll#9'> # c'%' '!7#&$'c! %#l /o%#- c-#'%o- &# '4-' l' &#u-!%'% %# 3u#/o%#o& &#- c-#'%o& %# u#+o # "ju&$!c!' &'$!%'% %# l' +#-%'%"*L' '$u-'l#9' o&-#/!$# $'!. #&$' !%!c'c!* Au3u# #&$5 'c'%' /o- #l /#c'%o, o &lo 'l' %#l' c-#'c!, &!o $'!. %# l' -#%#c!* Au3u#, /o- lo& &!o& #+!%#$#& %#%#c'%#c!', l' $!#--' %' $#&$!o!o %# l' 'l%!c! 3u# /#&' &o-# #ll', #& ' #-o&' -!c' # &#'l#& %#l /o%#- +!+!4c'%o-* Lo& 5-ol#& &# %#&/oj' %# &u& oj'& &lo /'-'+#&$!-&# %# u#+o +#-%o-> l'& ?o-#& u#-#, /'-' -o$'- co u#+' #ll#9'> # c'%''!7#&$'c! %#l /o%#- c-#'%o- &# '4-' l' &#u-!%'% %# 3u# /o%#o& &#- c-#'%o& %#u#+o # "ju&$!c!' &'$!%'% %# l' +#-%'%"*E7# K: 2K*< (No$': E7# K: 2K*< D# #&# o%o,lo& !&o& oj#$o& l'& 7uc!o#& %# l' '$u-'l#9', 3u# $' ++!%'#$# o& -#cu#-%'u#&$-' -' /.-%!%', ll#' ' &#- /'-' o&o$-o& #&'j#-o& %# #&/#-'9'*)

"8o- %o3u!#-' ll#u# l' 'l%'%, &# o# l' +o9 %# u#&$-o 8'%-# 3u# u#&$-' ' &u& !jo&,/o- &u& -#&ul$'%o&, l' '$u-'l#9' %#l /#c'%o, l#& 'co&#j' 3u# ''%o# #l 'l, lo&!+!$' ' -#c!!- #l !#* "

L 2ju @ La Relación de la Educación con la Redención

"8'-' !lu!'c! %#l cooc!!#$o %# l' lo-!' %# D!o& # l' 7'9 %# =#&uc-!&$o"*"

A CAUSA %#l /#c'%o, #l o-# 3u#% &#/'-'%o %# D!o&* D# o '#- #%!'%o #l /l'%# l' -#%#c!, u!#-' $#!%o 3u# &u7-!- l' &#/'-'c! #$#-' %# D!o&, l'& $!!#l'& %#

u' oc# &! 4* El &'c-!4c!o %# C-!&$o /#-!$# 3u# &# -#'u%# l' cou! co D!o&*8#-&o'l#$# o /o%#o& 'c#-c'-o& ' &u /-#&#c!'> u#&$-' '$u-'l#9' /#c'%o-' oo& /#-!$# !-'- &u -o&$-o, /#-o /o%#o& co$#/l'-lo $##- cou! co .l /o-#%!o %# =#&&, #l S'l+'%o-*

L' "!lu!'c! %#l cooc!!#$o %# l' lo-!' %# D!o&"!lu!'c! %#l cooc!!#$o %# l'lo-!' %# D!o&" &# -#+#l' "# l' 7'9 %# =#&uc-!&$o"*"# l' 7'9 %# =#&uc-!&$o"*"D!o& #&$'' #C-!&$o -#coc!l!'%o co&!o 'l u%o"*"D!o& #&$'' # C-!&$o -#coc!l!'%o co&!o 'lu%o"*2 Co-* K: > J: 1*< " '3u#l V#-o 7u# #co c'-#, '!$ #$-# o&o$-o&* * *ll#o %# -'c!' %# +#-%'%"* "E .l #&$'' l' +!%', l' +!%' #-' l' lu9 %# lo&o-#&"*=u' 1: 1K, K*<=u' 1: 1K, K*<L' +!%' l' u#-$# %# C-!&$o, /-#c!o %# u#&$-'



-#%#c!, o &o /'-' o&o$-o& !c'#$# u' /-o#&' '-'$' %# +!%', ! $' &lolo& #%!o& /o- lo& cu'l#& &# o& +u#l+# ' '-!- lo& $#&o-o& %# l' &'!%u-', &!o u'-#+#l'c! %# &u c'-5c$#- ' 5& '/l!' #l#+'%' 3u# l' 3u# cooc' lo& &'$o&o-'%o-#& %#l E%.* (No$': 2 Co-* K: > J: 1*< " '3u#l V#-o 7u# #co c'-#, '!$#$-# o&o$-o&* * * ll#o %# -'c!' %# +#-%'%"* "E .l #&$'' l' +!%', l' +!%' #-' l' lu9%# lo& o-#&"*)

" 'l /'- 3u# C-!&$o '-# #l c!#lo 'l o-#, l' +!%' 3u# !/'-$# '-# #l co-'9 %#l

o-# 'l "c!#lo* El /#c'%o o &lo o& '/'-$' %# D!o&, &!o 3u# %#&$-u# # #l 'l'u'' #l %#&#o l' '/$!$u% /'-' cooc#-lo* L' !&! %# C-!&$o co&!&$# # %#&'c#-$o%' #&$' o-' %#l 'l* El $!## /o%#- /'-' +!o-!9'- -#&$'u-'- l'& 7'cul$'%#& %#l 'l'/'-'l!9'%'& /o- #l /#c'%o, l' #$# o&cu-#c!%', l' +olu$'% /#-+#-$!%'* A-# '$#o&o$-o& l'& -!3u#9'& %#l u!+#-&o o& !/'-$# /o%#- /'-' %!&c#-!- #&$o& $#&o-o& '/-o/!'-o& %# #llo&*"

C-!&$o #& l' lu9 "3u# 'lu-' ' $o%o o-#"*C-!&$o #& l' lu9 "3u# 'lu-' ' $o%oo-#"*=u' 1: *< A& coo /o- C-!&$o $!## +!%' $o%o &#- u'o, '& /o- &u #%!o$o%' 'l' -#c!# 'l -'o %# lu9 %!+!'* E $o%o co-'9 #6!&$# o &lo /o%#-!$#l#c$u'l, &!o $'!. #&/!-!$u'l u' 7'cul$'% %# %!&c#-!- lo ju&$o, u %#&#o %# &#-u#o* 8#-o co$-' #&$o& /-!c!/!o& luc' u /o%#- '$'!co* E l' +!%' %# $o%o

o-# &# '!4#&$' #l -#&ul$'%o %# '#- co!%o %#l 5-ol %#l cooc!!#$o %#l !# %#l 'l* ' # &u '$u-'l#9' u' !cl!'c! 'c!' #l 'l, u' 7u#-9' 3u# &olo, &!'u%', .l o /o%-' -#&!&$!-* 8'-' 'c#- 7-#$# ' #&' 7u#-9', /'-' 'lc'9'- #l !%#'l 3u# #lo 5& $!o %# &u 'l' -#cooc# coo !c' co&' %!', /u#%# #co$-'- 'u%' # u&olo /o%#-* E&# /o%#- #& C-!&$o* L' 'o- #c#&!%'% %#l o-# #& coo/#-'- co #&#/o%#-* GNo %##-' &#- 'c'&o #&$' coo/#-'c! #l /-o/&!$o 5& #l#+'%o %# $o%o#&7u#-9o #%uc'$!+oH (No$': =u' 1: *< A& coo /o- C-!&$o $!## +!%' $o%o &#- u'o,'& /o- &u #%!o $o%' 'l' -#c!# 'l -'o %# lu9 %!+!'* E $o%o co-'9 #6!&$# o&lo /o%#- !$#l#c$u'l, &!o $'!. #&/!-!$u'l u' 7'cul$'% %# %!&c#-!- lo ju&$o, u %#&#o%# &#- u#o* 8#-o co$-' #&$o& /-!c!/!o& luc' u /o%#- '$'!co* E l' +!%' %# $o%oo-# &# '!4#&$' #l -#&ul$'%o %# '#- co!%o %#l 5-ol %#l cooc!!#$o %#l !# %#l 'l* ' # &u '$u-'l#9' u' !cl!'c! 'c!' #l 'l, u' 7u#-9' 3u# &olo, &!

'u%', .l o /o%-' -#&!&$!-* 8'-' 'c#- 7-#$# ' #&' 7u#-9', /'-' 'lc'9'- #l !%#'l 3u# #lo 5& $!o %# &u 'l' -#cooc# coo !c' co&' %!', /u#%# #co$-'- 'u%' # u&olo /o%#-* E&# /o%#- #& C-!&$o* L' 'o- #c#&!%'% %#l o-# #& coo/#-'- co #&#/o%#-* GNo %##-' &#- 'c'&o #&$' coo/#-'c! #l /-o/&!$o 5& #l#+'%o %# $o%o#&7u#-9o #%uc'$!+oH)

"El +#-%'%#-o '#&$-o o &# &'$!&7'c# co u $-''jo %# c'l!%'% !7#-!o-* No &# co7o-'co %!-!!- ' &u& 'luo& 'c!' u !%#'l 5& 'jo 3u# #l 5& #l#+'%o 3u# l#& &#' /o&!l#'lc'9'-* No /u#%# co$#$'-&# co $-'&!$!-l#& !c'#$# cooc!!#$o& $.c!co&,co 'c#- %# #llo& #-'#$# co$'%o-#& #6/#-$o&, '-$#&'o& 5!l#& o co#-c!'$#& %#.6!$o* Su '!c! #& !culc'-l#& /-!c!/!o& %# +#-%'%, o#%!#c!', oo-, !$#-!%'%

/u-#9', /-!c!/!o& 3u# lo& co+!#-$' # u' 7u#-9' /o&!$!+' /'-' l' #&$'!l!%'% " l'#l#+'c! %# l' &oc!#%'%* D#&#', &o-# $o%o, 3u# '/-#%' l' -' l#cc! %# l' +!%', l'%#l &#-+!c!o '#'%o*"

"Cu'%o #l 'l' &# '!&$' co C-!&$o, 'c#/$' &u &'!%u-' coo u', &u /o%#- coo7u#-9' %#l co-'9 %# l' +!%', #&$o& /-!c!/!o& ll#' ' &#- u /o%#- +!+o /'-' 'ol%'-#l c'-5c$#-* U' +#9 7o-'%' #&$' u!, #l 'luo #cu#$-' l' Fu#$# %# l' &'!%u-'*

T!## ' &u 'lc'c# #l /o%#- %# -#'l!9'- # & !&o &u& 5& ol#& !%#'l#&* L#/#-$##c# l'& o/o-$u!%'%#& %# o$##- l' 5& #l#+'%' #%uc'c! /'-' l' +!%' # #&$#u%o* co l' /-#/'-'c! 3u# o$!## '3u, !-#&' # #l cu-&o 3u# ''-c' l'#$#-!%'%*"



E #l &#$!%o 5& #l#+'%o, l' o-' %# l' #%uc'c! l' %# l' -#%#c!, &o u', /u#&$'$o # l' #%uc'c! coo # l' -#%#c!, "'%!# /u#%# /o#- o$-o 7u%'#$o 3u# #l3u# #&$5 /u#&$o, #l cu'l #& =#&uc-!&$o", "/o- cu'%o '-'% 'l 8'%-# 3u# # .l '!$'&#$o%' /l#!$u%"*E #l &#$!%o 5& #l#+'%o, l' o-' %# l' #%uc'c! l' %# l' -#%#c!,&o u', /u#& $'$o # l' #%uc'c! coo # l' -#%#c!, "'%!# /u#%# /o#- o$-o7u%'#$o 3u# #l 3u# #&$5 /u#&$o, #l cu'l #& =#&uc-!&$o", "/o- cu'%o '-'% 'l 8'%-#3u# # .l '!$'&# $o%' /l#!$u%"*1 Co- ;: 11> Col 1: 1*< (No$': 1 Co- ;: 11> Col 1: 1*<)

M 2ju @"Au3u# # co%!c!o#& %!&$!$'&, l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! &!u# &!#%o, %# 'cu#-%oco #l /l' %#l C-#'%o-, #l /l' %# l' #&cu#l' %#l E%.* A%5 E+' -#c!!#-o !&$-ucc!/o- #%!o %# l' cou! %!-#c$' co D!o&> o&o$-o& co$#/l'o& l' "!lu!'c! %#lcooc!!#$o %# &u lo-!'" "# #l -o&$-o %# C-!&$o*

Lo& -'%#& /-!c!/!o& %# l' #%uc'c! &o !u$'l#&* E&$5 "'4-'%o& #$#-'#$# /'-' &!#/-#"'4-'%o& #$#-'#$# /'-' &!#/-#"S'l* 111: *<;2 (No$': S'l* 111: *<,/o-3u# &o lo& /-!c!/!o& %#l c'-5c$#- %# D!o&* El /-!c!/'l #&7u#-9o %#l '#&$-o &u/-o/&!$o co&$'$# %## co&!&$!- # 'u%'- ' lo& 'luo& ' co/-#%#- #&$o&/-!c!/!o&, ' &o&$##- #&' -#l'c! co C-!&$o 3u# '-5 %# #llo& u /o%#- %o!'$# #l' +!%'* El '#&$-o 3u# 'c#/$' #&$' #$' #& +#-%'%#-'#$# u col'o-'%o- co C-!&$o, co D!o&* )

"8o-3u# l'& co&'& 3u# &# #&c-!!#-o '$#&, /'-' u#&$-' #&#'9' &# #&c-!!#-o"* "La Educación de Israel

"=#o+5 &olo l# u!" "Lo $-'jo 'l-#%#%o-, lo !&$-u, lo u'-% coo ' l' !' %# &u ojo"*

EL SISTEMA %# #%uc'c! #&$'l#c!%o # #l E%. $#' /o- c#$-o l' 7'!l!'* A%5 #-'"!jo %# D!o&" (No$': Luc* ;: ;*< %# &u 8'%-# -#c!!#-o !&$-ucc! lo& !jo& %#lAl$&!o* Su #&cu#l' #-', # #l 5& #6'c$o &#$!%o %# l' /'l'-', u' #&cu#l' %# 7'!l!'*)

E #l /l' %!+!o %# l' #%uc'c!, '%'/$'%o ' l' co%!c! %#l o-# %#&/u.& %# l'c'%', C-!&$o 4u-' coo -#/-#&#$'$# %#l 8'%-#, coo #&l' %# u! #$-# D!o& #lo-#> .l #& #l -' M'#&$-o %# l' u'!%'%, %!&/u&o 3u# lo& o-#& uj#-#&7u#&# -#/-#&#$'$#& &uo&* L' 7'!l!' #-' l' #&cu#l', lo& /'%-#& #-' lo& '#&$-o&*

L' #%uc'c! 3u# $#' /o- c#$-o l' 7'!l!' 7u# l' 3u# /-#+'l#c! # lo& %'& %# lo&/'$-!'-c'&* D!o& /-o+#, /'-' l'& #&cu#l'& '& #&$'l#c!%'&, l'& co%!c!o#& 5&7'+o-'l#& /'-' #l %#&'--ollo %#l c'-5c$#-* L'& /#-&o'& 3u# #&$'' 'jo &u %!-#cc!&#u' #l /l' %# +!%' 3u# D!o& '' !%!c'%o 'l /-!c!/!o* Lo& 3u# &# &#/'-'-o %#D!o& &# #%!4c'-o c!u%'%#& , co-#'%o& # #ll'&, &# lo-!'' %#l #&/l#%o-, #l lujo #l +!c!o 3u# 'c# %# l'& c!u%'%#& %# o #l o-ullo %#l u%o &u 'l%!c!* 8#-o lo&

o-#& 3u# &# '7#--'' ' lo& /-!c!/!o& %# +!%' %# D!o& o-'' # lo& c'/o& c#--o&* Cul$!+'' l' ;K" $!#--', cu!%'' -#'o&, # &u +!%' l!-# # !%#/#%!#$#,ll#' %# o/o-$u!%'%#& /'-' $-''j'-, #&$u%!'- #%!$'-, '/-#%' %# D!o& #&#''' &u& !jo& &u& o-'& c'!o&*"

"T'l #-' #l .$o%o #%uc'$!+o 3u# D!o& %#&#'' #&$'l#c#- # I&-'#l* 8#-o cu'%o lo&!&-'#l!$'& 7u#-o &'c'%o& %# E!/$o, '' /oco& #$-# #llo& /-#/'-'%o& /'-' &#-col'o-'%o-#& co D!o& # l' #%uc'c! %# &u& !jo&* Lo& /'%-#& !&o& #c#&!$''!&$-ucc! %!&c!/l!'* 8u#&$o 3u# '' &!%o #&cl'+o& %u-'$# $o%' &u +!%', #-'!o-'$#&, !cul$o& %#-'%'%o&* T#' /oco cooc!!#$o %# D!o& #&c'&' 7# # .l*E&$'' co7u%!%o& /o- #&#'9'& 7'l&'& co--o/!%o& /o- &u l'-o co$'c$o co #l



/''!&o* D!o& %#&#'' #l#+'-lo& ' u !+#l o-'l 5& 'l$o, co #&$# /-o/&!$o $-'$%# !culc'-l#& #l cooc!!#$o %# & !&o*"

"M!#$-'& #--'' /o- #l %#&!#-$o, # &u& '-c'& %# '3u /'-' 'll5, # &u #6/o&!c! 'l'-#, l' &#% #l c'&'c!o, 'jo l' '#'9' %# ##!o& /''o&, # l'&'!7#&$'c!o#& %# l' 8-o+!%#c!' 3u# o-'' /'-' l!-'-lo&, D!o&, 'l -#+#l'-l#& #l /o%#-3u# 'c$u'' co$!u'#$# /'-' !# %# #llo&, $-'$'' %# 7o-$'l#c#- &u 7#* '!.%ol#&#&#'%o ' co4'- # &u 'o- /o%#-, #-' &u /-o/&!$o /-#&#$'-l#&, # lo& /-#c#/$o&

%# &u l#, l' o-' %# c'-5c$#- 3u#, /o- #%!o %# &u -'c!', %#&#'' 3u# 'lc'9'-'*"

M 2ju 10@ Du-'$# &u /#-'#c!' # #l S!', I&-'#l -#c!! l#cc!o#& /-#c!o&'&* Fu# u/#-o%o %# /-#/'-'c! #&/#c!'l /'-' cu'%o #-#%'-' l' $!#--' %# C''5* El '!#$#'ll #-' 5& 7'+o-'l# /'-' l' -#'l!9'c! %#l /-o/&!$o %# D!o&* So-# l' c!' %#l S!','c!#%o &o-' &o-# l' ll'u-' %o%# #&$'' %!&#!'%'& l'& $!#%'& %#l /u#lo,%#&c'&'' l' colu' %# u# 3u# lo& '' u!'%o %u-'$# Du-'$# &u /#-'#c!'# #l S!', I&-'#l -#c!! l#cc!o#& /-#c!o&'&* Fu# u /#-o%o %# /-#/'-'c! #&/#c!'l/'-' cu'%o #-#%'-' l' $!#--' %# C''5* El '!#$# 'll #-' 5& 7'+o-'l# /'-' l'-#'l!9'c! %#l /-o/&!$o %# D!o&* So-# l' c!' %#l S!', 'c!#%o &o-' &o-# l'll'u-' %o%# #&$'' %!&#!'%'& l'& $!#%'& %#l /u#lo, %#&c'&'' l' colu' %#u# 3u# lo& '' u!'%o %u-'$# ;J #l +!'j#* D# oc#, u' colu' %# 7u#o l#& %''

l' &#u-!%'% %# l' /-o$#cc! %!+!' , !#$-'& %o-', c'' &u'+##$# &o-# #lc'/'#$o #l /' %#l c!#lo* 8o- $o%'& /'-$#&, l'& #o-#& o$''& #&c'-/'%'&'l'', # &u &ol## -'%#9', %# l' /'c!#c!' l' 'j#&$'% #$#-'&* S# !9o &#$!-'l o-# &u !o-'c!' %#!l!%'% # /-#&#c!' %# A3u#l 3u# "/#& lo& o$#& co'l'9' co /#&'& lo& coll'%o&*" #l +!'j#* D# oc#, u' colu' %# 7u#o l#& %'' l'&#u-!%'% %# l' /-o$#cc! %!+!' , !#$-'& %o-', c'' &u'+##$# &o-# #lc'/'#$o #l /' %#l c!#lo* 8o- $o%'& /'-$#&, l'& #o-#& o$''& #&c'-/'%'&'l'', # &u &ol## -'%#9', %# l' /'c!#c!' l' 'j#&$'% #$#-'&* S# !9o &#$!-'l o-# &u !o-'c!' %#!l!%'% # /-#&#c!' %# A3u#l 3u# "/#& lo& o$#& co'l'9' co /#&'& lo& coll'%o&*" I&'* K0: 12* All, /o- l' '!7#&$'c! %# &u lo-!', D!o&$-'$ %# !/-#&!o'- ' I&-'#l co l' &'$!%'% %# &u c'-5c$#- %# &u& #6!#c!'&, co l'#6c#&!+' cul/'!l!%'% %# l' %#&o#%!#c!'* (No$': I&'* K0: 12*<)

8#-o #l /u#lo #-' $'-%o /'-' '/-#%#- l' l#cc!* Aco&$u-'%o # E!/$o ' l'&-#/-#&#$'c!o#& '$#-!'l#& 5& %#-'%'$#& %# l' D#!%'%, #-' %!7c!l 3u# coc!!#-' l'#6!&$#c!' o #l c'-5c$#- %#l I+!&!l#* Co/'%#c!%o %# &u %#!l!%'%, D!o& l# %!o u&olo %# &u /-#&#c!'* " '-5 u &'$u'-!o /'-' , '!$'-. # #%!o %# #llo&"*"'-5 u &'$u'-!o /'-' , '!$'-. # #%!o %# #llo&"*E6o* 2J: *< (No$': E6o* 2J:*<)

"E cu'$o ' l' co&$-ucc! %#l &'$u'-!o coo o-'%' %# D!o&, Mo!&.& -#c!!!&$-ucc!o#& /'-' 'c#-lo %# 'cu#-%o co #l o%#lo %# l'& co&'& 3u# #&$'' # lo&c!#lo&* El S#o- lo ll' 'l o$# l# -#+#l l'& co&'& c#l#&$!'l#&> #l $'#-5culo, co

$o%o lo /#-$##c!#$# ' .l, 7u# #co ' &##j'9' %# #ll'&*"

A& -#+#l D!o& ' I&-'#l, 'l cu'l %#&#'' 'c#- o-'%' &u', &u lo-!o&o !%#'l %#lc'-5c$#-* El o%#lo l#& 7u# o&$-'%o # #l o$#, # oc'&! %# l' /-oul'c! %# l'l# %'%' # #l S!', cu'%o D!o& /'& '$# Mo!&.& %!jo: "=#o+5 P =#o+5 P 7u#-$#,!&#-!co-%!o&o /!'%o&o> $'-%o /'-' l' !-' -'%# # !&#-!co-%!' +#-%'%"*A& -#+#lD!o& ' I&-'#l, 'l cu'l %#&#'' 'c#- o-'%' &u', &u lo-!o&o !%#'l %#l c'-5c$#-* Elo%#lo l#& 7u# o&$-'%o # #l o$#, # oc'&! %# l' /-oul'c! %# l' l# %'%' # #lS!', cu'%o D!o& /'& '$# Mo!&.& %!jo: "=#o+5 P =#o+5 P 7u#-$#, !&#-!co-%!o&o /!'%o&o> $'-%o /'-' l' !-' -'%# # !&#-!co-%!' +#-%'%"*E6o* ;K: *< ; (No$': E6o*;K: *< ;)



"8#-o /o- & !&o&, #-' !/o$#$#& /'-' 'lc'9'- #&# !%#'l* L' -#+#l'c! %#l S!'&lo /o%' !/-#&!o'-lo& co &u #c#&!%'% # !/o$#c!'* O$-' l#cc! %#' #&#'- #l$'#-5culo #%!'$# &u &#-+!c!o %# &'c-!4c!o&: L' l#cc! %#l /#-% %#l /#c'%o #l/o%#- %# o#%#c#- /'-' +!%', ' $-'+.& %#l S'l+'%o-*"

"8o- #%!o %# C-!&$o &# '' %# cu/l!- #l /-o/&!$o &!ol!9'%o /o- #l $'#-5culo: E&#lo-!o&o #%!4c!o, cu'& /'-#%#& %# o-o -!ll'$# -#?#j'' # lo& '$!c#& %#l '-co !-!& l'&

co-$!'& o-%'%'& co 4u-'& %# 3u#-u!#&, l' 7-''c!' %#l !c!#&o 3u# &!#/-# '-%' co/##$-'' $o%o, lo& &'c#-%o$#& +#&$!%o& co -o/'& %# l'cu-' !'cul'%', # #l/-o7u%o !&$#-!o %#l -#c!$o !$#-!o-, &o-# #l /-o/!c!'$o-!o, #$-# l'& 7o-'& %# lo&5#l#& !cl!'%o& # '%o-'c!, l' lo-!' %#l lu'- &'$&!o* D!o& %#&#'' 3u# # $o%ol##&# &u /u#lo &u /-o/&!$o /'-' co #l 'l' u''* El !&o /-o/&!$o #6/-#& #l'/&$ol 8'lo uco %#&/u.&, !&/!-'%o /o- #l E&/-!$u S'$o: "

"GNo &'.!& 3u# &o!& $#/lo %# D!o&, 3u# #l E&/-!$u %# D!o& o-' # +o&o$-o&H S!'luo %#&$-u#-# #l $#/lo %# D!o&, D!o& l# %#&$-u!-5 ' .l> /o-3u# #l $#/lo %# D!o&, #lcu'l &o!& +o&o$-o&, &'$o #&"*"GNo &'.!& 3u# &o!& $#/lo %# D!o&, 3u# #l E&/-!$u %#D!o& o-' # +o&o$-o&H S! 'luo %#&$-u#-# #l $#/lo %# D!o&, D!o& l# %#&$-u!-5 ' .l>/o-3u# #l $#/lo %# D!o&, #l cu'l &o!& +o&o$-o&, &'$o #&"*1 Co-* ;: 1, 1*< (No$': 1 Co-*

;: 1, 1*<)

"-'%#& 7u#-o #l /-!+!l#!o #l oo- o$o-'%o& ' I&-'#l 'l #c'-5-&#l# l' co&$-ucc!%#l &'$u'-!o, /#-o -'%# 7u# $'!. &u -#&/o&'!l!%'%* U /u#lo 3u# 'c''' %##&c'/'- %# l' #&cl'+!$u% %#' #-!!- # #l %#&!#-$o u #%!4c!o %# #6$-'o-%!'-!o#&/l#%o-, 3u# -#3u#-' /'-' &u co&$-ucc! #l '$#-!'l 5& co&$o&o l' 'o-'!l!%'% '-$&$!c'* 8'-#c' u' #/-#&' #&$u/#%'* 8#-o A3u#l 3u# '' %'%o #l /l'o%#l #%!4c!o, &# co/-o#$' ' coo/#-'- co lo& co&$-uc$o-#&*"

"'l =#o+5 ' Mo!&.&, %!c!#%o: M!-', o # ll''%o /o- o-# ' B#9'l##l !jo %# U-!,!jo %# u-, %# l' $-!u %# =u%5> lo # ll#'%o %#l E&/-!$u %# D!o&, # &'!%u-' #!$#l!#c!', # c!#c!' # $o%o '-$#* * * # '3u 3u# o # /u#&$o co .l ' Aol!' !jo

%# A!&''c, %# l' $-!u %# D'> # /u#&$o &'!%u-' # #l 5!o %# $o%o &'!o %#co-'9, /'-' 3u# '' $o%o lo 3u# $# # '%'%o"*"'l =#o+5 ' Mo!&.&, %!c!#%o:M!-', o # ll''%o /o- o-# ' B#9'l##l !jo %# U-!, !jo %# u-, %# l' $-!u %# =u%5> lo # ll#'%o %#l E&/-!$u %# D!o&, # &'!%u-' # !$#l!#c!', # c!#c!' # $o%o'-$#* * * # '3u 3u# o # /u#&$o co .l ' Aol!' !jo %# A!&''c, %# l' $-!u %# D'> # /u#&$o &'!%u-' # #l 5!o %# $o%o &'!o %# co-'9, /'-' 3u# '' $o%o lo 3u#$# # '%'%o"* E6o* ;1: 1*< (No$': E6o* ;1: 1*<)

"u. #&cu#l' '-$#&''l #-' l' %#l %#&!#-$o: T#' /o- '#&$-o& ' C-!&$o &u& 5#l#&P"

= ;0ju 11@"To%o #l /u#lo %#' coo/#-'- # l' /-#/'-'c! %#l &'$u'-!o &u& u$#&!l!o&*

'' $-''jo /'-' #l c#-#-o l'& 'o&* S# -#3u#-' -' +'-!#%'% %# '$#-!'l, $o%o& 7u#-o !+!$'%o& ' co$-!u!- %# 'cu#-%o co #l !/ul&o %# &u& co-'9o#&*"

"D# #&# o%o, co #l $-''jo l'& %o'c!o#&, &# l#& #&#'' ' coo/#-'- co D!o& co &u& &##j'$#&* A%#5&, %#' coo/#-'- # l' /-#/'-'c! %#l #%!4c!o #&/!-!$u'l, #&' &'#-, #l $#/lo %# D!o& # #l 'l'*"

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c'-'c$#-!9' $o%'& l'& o-'& %# D!o&* El #-' #l c#$-o %# l' 'u$o-!%'% #l o!#-o* Mo!&.&,&u -#/-#&#$'$#, %#' #j#cu$'- &u& l##& # &u o-#* Lu#o &# o-'!9 #l co&#jo%# lo& &#$#$'> l#& &#u' lo& &'c#-%o$#& /-c!/#&, # !7#-!o-#& ' #llo& lo& "j#7#& %#!ll'-#&, %# c#$#'&, %. c!cu#$' %# %!#9"D#&%# 3u# &'l!#-o %# E!/$o ''-#c!!%o l#cc!o#& /'-' &u !&$-ucc! %!&c!/l!'* Au '$#& %# &'l!- %# 'll &# ''#&o9'%o u' o-'!9'c! /-o+!&o-!', #l /u#lo '' &!%o %!&$-!u!%o # -u/o& 'jo#l '%o %# j#7#&* =u$o 'l S!' &# co/l#$ l' o-'!9'c!* E l' '%!!&$-'c!#-#' &# '!7#&$'' #l o-%# $' o$'l# 3u# c'-'c$#-!9' $o%'& l'& o-'& %# D!o&* El

#-' #l c#$-o %# l' 'u$o-!%'% #l o!#-o* Mo!&.&, &u -#/-#&#$'$#, %#' #j#cu$'- &u&l##& # &u o-#* Lu#o &# o-'!9 #l co&#jo %# lo& &#$#$'> l#& &#u' lo&&'c#-%o$#& /-c!/#&, # !7#-!o-#& ' #llo& lo& "j#7#& %# !ll'-#&, %# c#$#'&, %.c!cu#$' %# %!#9"D#u$* 1: 1J*<; (No$': D#u$* 1: 1J*< 4'l#$# lo& #c'-'%o& %#%##-#& #&/#c!'l#&* El c'/'#$o #&$'' '--#l'%o co o-%# #6'c$o: E #l #%!o#&$'' #l $'#-5culo, o-'%' %# D!o&, 'l-#%#%o- l'& $!#%'& %# lo& &'c#-%o$#& l#+!$'&* Al-#%#%o- %# .&$'&, c'%' $-!u 'c'/'' ju$o ' &u '%#-'*)

S# 'c' o&#-+'- l##& !!.!c'& #&$-!c$'&, 3u# #-' ol!'$o-!'& /'-' #l /u#lo, o&lo /o- &#- #c#&'-!'& /'-' l' &'lu%, &!o coo u' co%!c! /'-' -#$##- #$-# #llo& l'/-#&#c!' %#l S'$o* Mo!&.& l#& %#cl'- /o- 'u$o-!%'% %!+!': "=#o+5 $u D!o& '%' ##%!o %# $u c'/'#$o, /'-' l!-'-$#*** /o- $'$o, $u c'/'#$o ' %# &#- &'$o"*S#

'c' o&#-+'- l##& !!.!c'& #&$-!c$'&, 3u# #-' ol!'$o-!'& /'-' #l /u#lo, o &lo/o- &#- #c#&'-!'& /'-' l' &'lu%, &!o coo u' co%!c! /'-' -#$##- #$-# #llo& l'/-#&#c!' %#l S'$o* Mo!&.& l#& %#cl'- /o- 'u$o-!%'% %!+!': "=#o+5 $u D!o& '%' ##%!o %# $u c'/'#$o, /'-' l!-'-$#*** /o- $'$o, $u c'/'#$o ' %# &#-&'$o"*D#u$* 2;: 1K*< (No$': D#u$* 2;: 1K*<)

L' #%uc'c! %# lo& !&-'#l!$'& !clu' $o%o& &u& 5!$o& %# +!%'* To%o lo 3u# &# -#7#-' '&u !##&$'- #-' oj#$o %# l' &ol!c!$u% %!+!' #&$'' co/-#%!%o # l' ju-!&%!cc! %#l' l# %# D!o&* '&$' # l' /-o+!&! %# 'l!#$o, D!o& u&c &u 'o- !#* El '5 co3u# lo& 'l!#$'' # #l %#&!#-$o #-' %# $'l '$u-'l#9' 3u# 'u#$'' &u 7u#-9' 7&!c',#$'l o-'l* Au3u# $'$o& &# -##l'-o co$-' l' &o-!#%'% %# #&# -.!#'l!#$'-!o, %#&#'-o +ol+#- ' lo& %'& cu-'%o, &# %#c', "o& &#$5'o& ' l'&

oll'& %# c'-#, cu'%o co'o& /' '&$' &'c!'-o&"L' #%uc'c! %# lo& !&-'#l!$'&!clu' $o%o& &u& 5!$o& %# +!%'* To%o lo 3u# &# -#7#-' ' &u !##&$'- #-' oj#$o %# l'&ol!c!$u% %!+!' #&$'' co/-#%!%o # l' ju-!&%!cc! %# l' l# %# D!o&* '&$' # l'/-o+!&! %# 'l!#$o, D!o& u&c &u 'o- !#* El '5 co 3u# lo& 'l!#$'' # #l%#&!#-$o #-' %# $'l '$u-'l#9' 3u# 'u#$'' &u 7u#-9' 7&!c', #$'l o-'l* Au3u#$'$o& &# -##l'-o co$-' l' &o-!#%'% %# #&# -.!# 'l!#$'-!o, %#&#'-o +ol+#- 'lo& %'& cu-'%o, &# %#c', "o& &#$5'o& ' l'& oll'& %# c'-#, cu'%o co'o&/' '&$' &'c!'-o&"E6o* 1: ;*<, (No$': E6o* 1: ;*<, l' &'!%u-' %# l' #l#cc! %# D!o&/'-' #llo& &# +!%!c %# u o%o 3u# o /u%!#-o -#7u$'-* A /#&'- %# l'& /#u-!'& %# l'+!%' %#l %#&!#-$o, o '' u' /#-&o' %.!l # $o%'& l'& $-!u&*)

E $o%o& lo& +!'j#& %#' !- ' l' c'#9' %#l /u#lo #l '-c' 3u# co$#' l' l# %# D!o&* Ellu'- /'-' 'c'/'- lo &#'l'' #l %#&c#&o %# l' colu' %# u#* M!#$-'& .&$'%#&c'&'' &o-# #l $'#-5culo, /#-'#c' # #l lu'-* Cu'%o &# l#+'$'',-#'u%'' l' '-c'* T'$o cu'%o 'c' 'l$o coo cu'%o /'-$', &# 'c' u'&ol## !+oc'c!* "Cu'%o #l '-c' &# o+', Mo!&.& %#c': L#+5$'$#, o =#o+5, &#'%!&/#-&'%o& $u& E $o%o& lo& +!'j#& %#' !- ' l' c'#9' %#l /u#lo #l '-c' 3u# co$#' l'l# %# D!o&* El lu'- /'-' 'c'/'- lo &#'l'' #l %#&c#&o %# l' colu' %# u#*M!#$-'& .&$' %#&c'&'' &o-# #l $'#-5culo, /#-'#c' # #l lu'-* Cu'%o &#l#+'$'', -#'u%'' l' '-c'* T'$o cu'%o 'c' 'l$o coo cu'%o /'-$', &#'c' u' &ol## !+oc'c!* "Cu'%o #l '-c' &# o+', Mo!&.& %#c': L#+5$'$#, o

=#o+5, &#' %!&/#-&'%o& $u& ; ##!o&* * * cu'%o #ll' &# %#$#', %#c': Vu#l+#,



o =#o+5, ' lo& !ll'-#& %# !ll'-#& %# I&-'#l"* ##!o&* * * cu'%o #ll' &# %#$#',%#c': Vu#l+#, o =#o+5, ' lo& !ll'-#& %# !ll'-#& %# I&-'#l"*N* 10: ;J, ;*< (No$':N* 10: ;J, ;*<)

M!#$-'& #l /u#lo +''' /o- #l %#&!#-$o, #l c'$o #-' u #%!o %# -''- # &u&#$#& uc'& l#cc!o#& /-#c!o&'&* Cu'%o 7u#-o l!-'%o& %#l #j.-c!$o %# F'-', $o%'l' u#&$# %# I&-'#l &# u! # u c'$o %# $-!u7o* 8o- #l %#&!#-$o #l '- -#&o'-o ' lol#jo& l'& #&$-o7'& %# j!lo # l'& o$''& -#/#-cu$!#-o lo& 'c#$o& %# 'l''9':

"C'$'% ' =#o+5, /o-3u# # #6$-#o &# ' #-'%#c!%o"*M!#$-'& #l /u#lo +'''/o- #l %#&!#-$o, #l c'$o #-' u #%!o %# -''- # &u& #$#& uc'& l#cc!o#&/-#c!o&'&* Cu'%o 7u#-o l!-'%o& %#l #j.-c!$o %# F'-', $o%' l' u#&$# %# I&-'#l &# u!# u c'$o %# $-!u7o* 8o- #l %#&!#-$o #l '- -#&o'-o ' lo l#jo& l'& #&$-o7'& %# j!lo # l'& o$''& -#/#-cu$!#-o lo& 'c#$o& %# 'l''9': "C'$'% ' =#o+5, /o-3u# ##6$-#o &# ' #-'%#c!%o"*E6o* 1J: 21* Co 7-#cu#c!' &# -#/#$' %u-'$# #l +!'j# #&$#c'$o 3u# '!'' lo& co-'9o#& #c#%' l' 7# %# lo& /#-#-!o&* 8o- !%!c'c!%!+!' &# #6/-#&'' $'!. lo& '%'!#$o& %'%o& %#&%# #l S!', co l'& /-o#&'&%#l 7'+o- %# D!o& #l -#l'$o %# lo& !l'-o& 3u# !9o /'-' l!-'-lo&, # c'$o&'co/''%o& %# &!c' !&$-u#$'l, ' cuo co/5& '-c'' #l /u#lo !#$-'& u'&u& +oc#& # 'l''9'* (No$': E6o* 1J: 21*<)

V ;1ju 12@ D# #&# o%o &# '/'-$'' &u& /#&'!#$o& %# l'& /-u#'& %!4cul$'%#& %#lc'!o, &# c'l'' #l #&/-!$u !3u!#$o $u-ul#$o, &# !culc'' # l' #o-!' lo&/-!c!/!o& %# l' +#-%'%, l' 7# &# 7o-$'l#c'* L' 'cc! # coc!#-$o &#-+' /'-' #&#'-#l o-%# l' u!%'%, #l /u#lo &# /o' # 5& $!' cou! co D!o& co &u&&##j'$#&*

E cu'$o 'l $-'$o %# D!o& co I&-'#l, %u-'$# lo& cu'-#$' 'o& %# &u /#-#-!'c! /o-#l %#&!#-$o, Mo!&.& %#cl'-:

"u# coo c'&$!' #l o-# ' &u !jo, '& =#o+5 $u D!o& $# c'&$!'* * * /'-' '?!!-$#,/'-' /-o'-$#, /'-' &'#- lo 3u# '' # $u co-'9, &! ''& %# u'-%'- o o &u&'%'!#$o&"*"u# coo c'&$!' #l o-# ' &u !jo, '& =#o+5 $u D!o& $# c'&$!'* * *

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"L# 'll # $!#--' %# %#&!#-$o, # #-o %# o--!l# &ol#%'%> lo $-'jo 'l-#%#%o-, lo!&$-u, lo u'-% coo ' l' !' %# &u ojo* Coo #l 5u!l' "L# 'll # $!#--' %#%#&!#-$o, # #-o %# o--!l# &ol#%'%> lo $-'jo 'l-#%#%o-, lo !&$-u, lo u'-% coo 'l' !' %# &u ojo* Coo #l 5u!l' K0 3u# #6c!$' &u !%'%', -#+olo$#' &o-# &u& /ollo&,#6$!#%# &u& 'l'&, lo& $o', lo& ll#+' &o-# &u /lu'&, =#o+5 &olo l# u!, co .l ouo %!o& #6$-'o"* 3u# #6c!$' &u !%'%', -#+olo$#' &o-# &u& /ollo&, #6$!#%# &u& 'l'&,lo& $o', lo& ll#+' &o-# &u /lu'&, =#o+5 &olo l# u!, co .l o uo %!o&#6$-'o"*D#u$* ;2: 1012*< (No$': D#u$* ;2: 1012*<)

"8o-3u# &# 'co-% %# &u &'$' /'l'-' %'%' ' A-'5 &u &!#-+o* S'c ' &u /u#lo coo9o> co j!lo ' &u& #&co!%o&* L#& %!o l'& $!#--'& %# l'& 'c!o#&, l'& l'o-#& %# lo&/u#lo& #-#%'-o> /'-' 3u# u'-%'&# &u& #&$'$u$o&, cu/l!#&# &u& l##&*Al#lu'"*"8o-3u# &# 'co-% %# &u &'$' /'l'-' %'%' ' A-'5 &u &!#-+o* S'c ' &u/u#lo co o9o> co j!lo ' &u& #&co!%o&* L#& %!o l'& $!#--'& %# l'& 'c!o#&, l'&l'o-#& %# lo& /u#lo& #-#%'-o> /'-' 3u# u'-%'&# &u& #&$'$u$o&, cu/l!#&# &u&l##&* Al#lu'"*S'l* 10J: K2KJ*< (No$': S'l* 10J: K2KJ*<)

D!o& -o%# ' I&-'#l %# $o%' cl'&# %# 7'c!l!%'%#& /-!+!l#!o& 3u# !c!#&# %# .l u oo-/'-' &u o-# u' #%!c! /'-' l'& 'c!o#& +#c!'&* L# /-o#$! 3u#, &! '%''



# #l c'!o %# l' o#%!#c!', lo #&'l9'-' "&o-# $o%'& l'& 'c!o#& 3u# !9o, /'-' loo- 7'' lo-!'"* " +#-5 $o%o& lo& /u#lo& %# l' $!#--' 3u# #l o-# %# =#o+5 #&!+oc'%o &o-# $!, $# $##-5"* D!o& -o%# ' I&-'#l %# $o%' cl'&# %# 7'c!l!%'%#& /-!+!l#!o& 3u# !c!#&# %# .l u oo- /'-' &u o-# u' #%!c! /'-' l'&'c!o#& +#c!'&* L# /-o#$! 3u#, &! '%'' # #l c'!o %# l' o#%!#c!', lo#&'l9'-' "&o-# $o%'& l'& 'c!o#& 3u# !9o, /'-' loo- 7'' lo-!'"* " +#-5 $o%o&lo& /u#lo& %# l' $!#--' 3u# #l o-# %# =#o+5 #& !+oc'%o &o-# $!, $# $##-5"* L'&'c!o#& 3u# o#-' #&' %#cl'-'c! '-' %# %#c!-: "C!#-$'#$# /u#lo &'!o

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c'!o, 'l 'co&$'-$#, cu'%o $# l#+'$#&"*D#u$* : , *<D#u$* : , *<K1 (No$': E6o*;K: *< E&$o& /-!c!/!o&, !clu!%o& # &u l#, %#' &#- #&#'%o& ' lo& !o&, /o- lo&/'%-#& l'& '%-#& %# I&-'#l* Mo!&.& l#& %#cl'- /o- !%!c'c! %# D!o&: " #&$'&/'l'-'& 3u# o $# '%o o, #&$'-5 &o-# $u co-'9> l'& -#/#$!-5& ' $u& !jo&, 'l'-5& %# #ll'& #&$'%o # $u c'&', '%'%o /o- #l c'!o, 'l 'co&$'-$#, cu'%o$# l#+'$#&"*)

"E&$'& co&'& o %#' &#- #&#'%'& coo u' $#o-' &#c'* Lo& 3u# #&#' l' +#-%'%%## /-'c$!c'- &u& /-!c!/!o&* Q!c'#$# 'l -#?#j'- #l c'-5c$#- %# D!o& # l' ju&$!c!', l'ol#9' l' '#'c! %# &u& /-o/!'& +!%'&, /u#%# !/-#&!o'- ' o$-o&*"

S 1' 1;@"L' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! o co&!&$# # !culc'- /o- l' 7u#-9' l' !&$-ucc! # u'

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"E l'& /-o+!%#c!'& $o'%'& /'-' l' #%uc'c! %#l /u#lo #&co!%o, &# /o# %#'!4#&$o 3u# l' +!%' 3u# $!## /o- c#$-o ' D!o& #& u' +!%' co/l#$'* El /-o+## #l

#%!o %# &'$!&7'c#- $o%' #c#&!%'% 3u# ' !/l'$'%o, $-'$' %# %#&'--oll'- $o%'7'cul$'% !/'-$!%'*"

"Coo Au$o- %# $o%' #ll#9', ''$# %# lo #-o&o, D!o& /-o+# #l #%!o %#&'$!&7'c#- # &u& !jo& #l 'o- ' lo #llo* T'!. !9o /-o+!&! /'-' &u& #c#&!%'%#&&oc!'l#&, /'-' l'& -#l'c!o#& o%'%o&'& $!l#& 3u# $'$o 'c# /'-' cul$!+'- l'&!/'$', '!'- #%ul9'- l' +!%'*"

"Coo #%!o& %# #%uc'c!, l'& 4#&$'& %# I&-'#l ocu/'' u lu'- !/o-$'$#* E l'+!%' co, l' 7'!l!' #-' #&cu#l' # !l#&!', lo& /'%-#& #-' lo& '#&$-o&, $'$o # l'&co&'& &#cul'-#& coo # l'& -#l!!o&'&* 8#-o $-#& +#c#& 'l 'o &# %#%!c'' uo& " %'&



'l !$#-c'!o &oc!'l 'l cul$o* E&$'& -#u!o#& &# c#l#-'-o /-!#-o # S!lo lu#o # =#-u&'l.* Slo &# #6!' 3u# #&$u+!#-' /-#&#$#& lo& /'%-#& lo& !jo&, /#-o '%!#%#&#'' /#-%#- l' o/o-$u!%'% %# '&!&$!- , &!#/-# 3u# #-' /o&!l#, $o%o& lo& !#-o&%# l' c'&' '&!&$', ju$o co #llo&, coo /'-$!c!/'$#& %# &u o&/!$'l!%'%, #&$'' #l#6$-'j#-o, #l l#+!$' #l /o-#*"

"El +!'j# ' =#-u&'l., #co 'l &#c!llo #&$!lo /'$-!'-c'l, # #%!o %# l' #ll#9' %# l'#&$'c! /-!'+#-'l, l'& -!3u#9'& %#l +#-'o, o l' lo-!' l' '%u-#9 %#l o$oo, #-' u'

%#l!c!'* D#&%# #l 'c!'o c'o&o '&$' #l !!$o, 'cu%' $o%o& co u' o7-#%' %#-'$!$u% ' #co$-'-&# co D!o& # &u &'$' o-'%'* Du-'$# #l +!'j#, lo& !o& #-#o&o' #l -#l'$o %# lo& &uc#&o& %#l /'&'%o, l'& !&$o-!'& 3u# $'$o ' lo& j+##& coo ' lo&+!#jo& l#& u&$'' -#co-%'-* S# c'$'' l'& c'c!o#& 3u# '' '!'%o ' lo& 3u##--'' /o- #l %#&!#-$o* S# c'$'' $'!. lo& '%'!#$o& %# D!o& 3u#, l!'%o& 'l'& #%!$'& !?u#c!'& %# l' '$u-'l#9' ' l' o%'%o&' '&oc!'c! u'', &# 4j''/'-' &!#/-# # l' #o-!' %# 5& %# u !o o jo+#*"

"L'& c#-#o!'& /-#&#c!'%'& # =#-u&'l., # -#l'c! co l' c#-#o!' /'&cu'l> l'-#u! %# l' oc#, lo& o-#& co lo& loo& c#!%o&, lo& /!#& c'l9'%o&, #l c''%o #l' 'o, l' co!%' '/-#&u-'%', #l co-%#-o, #l /' &! l#+'%u-', l'& !#-'& ''-'&, #l-#l'$o #co # #%!o %# u &ol## &!l#c!o, %# l' !&$o-!' %# l' '&/#-&! %# l'

&'-#, #l 5#l 3u# #-' %# u#-$#, l' !/o#$# /'-$!%' %# l' $!#--' %# c'u$!+#-!o,#-' %# $'l %ol# 3u# '!$'' l' !'!'c! # !/-#&!o'' #l co-'9*"

"L' 4#&$' %# l'& c'''&, %# lo& $'#-5culo& o %# l'& co&#c'&, co &u& o7-#%'& %# l'u#-$' %#l c'/o, #l 'c'/'- %u-'$# u' &#'' 'jo #-''%'&, l'& -#u!o#&&oc!'l#&, #l &#-+!c!o -#co-%'$!+o " &'-'%o, l' ##-o&' o&/!$'l!%'% 'c!' lo& o-#-o&%# D!o&: lo& l#+!$'& %#l &'$u'-!o, 'c!' &u& !jo&: #l #6$-'j#-o #l /o-#, #l#+''$o%'& l'& #$#& # -'$!$u% 'c!' A3u#l 3u# '' co-o'%o #l 'o co &u& o%'%#&, cu'& u#ll'& %#&$!l' 'u%'c!'*"

"Lo& !&-'#l!$'& %#+o$o& ocu/'' '& u #& #$#-o %#l 'o* E-' u l'/&o l!-# %#cu!%'%o& $-''jo&, c'&! #$#-'#$# %#%!c'%o, # &u &#$!%o 5& +#-%'%#-o, ' lo&

4#& %# l' #%uc'c!*"

"Al %!&$-!u!- l' #-#c!' %# &u /u#lo, D!o& &# /-o/o' #&#'-l#, /o- #%!o %# .l, 'l'& ##-'c!o#& &uc#&!+'&, lo& /-!c!/!o& co--#c$o& -#7#-#$#& ' l' /-o/!#%'%* L' $!#--'%# C''5 7u# -#/'-$!%' #$-# $o%o #l /u#lo, ' #6c#/c! !c'#$# %# lo& l#+!$'&,coo !!&$-o& %#l &'$u'-!o* Au3u# 'lu!# +#%!#-', $-'&!$o-!'#$#, &u /o&#&!,o /o%' #'j#'- l' #-#c!' %# &u& !jo&* E cu'l3u!#- o#$o # 3u# #&$u+!#-' #co%!c! %# 'c#-lo /o%' -#%!!-l'> l'& %#u%'& #-' /#-%o'%'& c'%' &!#$# 'o&, #l'o 3u!cu'.&!o, o %# ju!l#o, $o%' /-o/!#%'% +ol+' ' &u %u#o o-!!'l* D# #&# o%ol' #-#c!' %# c'%' 7'!l!' #&$'' '&#u-'%' &# /-o+#' u' &'l+'u'-%!' co$-' l'/o-#9' o l' -!3u#9' #6$-#'&*"

"8o- #%!o %# l' %!&$-!uc! %# l' $!#--' #$-# #l /u#lo, D!o& /-o+# /'-' .l, lo !&o3u# /'-' lo& o-'%o-#& %#l E%., l' ocu/'c! 5& 7'+o-'l# 'l %#&'--ollo: El cu!%'%o %#l'& /l'$'& lo& '!'l#&* O$-' /-o+!&! /'-' l' #%uc'c! 7u# l' &u&/#&! %# $o%'l'o- '-col' c'%' &./$!o 'o, %u-'$# #l cu'l &# %#j'' ''%o'%' l' $!#--', &u&/-o%uc$o& #&/o$5#o& /#-$##c' 'l /o-#* D# #&# o%o &# %'' o/o-$u!%'% /'-'/-o7u%!9'- #l #&$u%!o, /'-' 3u# &# -#'l!9'-' cul$o& u!#&# !$#-c'!o &oc!'l, /'-'/-'c$!c'- l' ##-o&!%'%, co $'$' 7-#cu#c!' '&46!'%' /o- lo& cu!%'%o& $-''jo& %# l'+!%'* "

D 2' 1K@ S! o %' &# /-'c$!c'-' # #l u%o, lo& /-!c!/!o& %# l'& l##& %# D!o&,



coc#-!#$#& ' l' %!&$-!uc! %# l' /-o/!#%'%, cu5 %!7#-#$# &#-' l' co%!c! %# l'#$#P L' o&#-+'c!' %# #&$o& /-!c!/!o& #+!$'-' lo& $#--!l#& 'l#& 3u# # $o%'& l'&./oc'& ' /-o+#!%o %# l' o/-#&! #j#-c!%' /o- #l -!co &o-# #l /o-#, #l o%!o %# .&$#'c!' '3u.l* Al /'- 3u# !/#%!-' l' 'cuul'c! %# -'%#& -!3u#9'&, $#%#-' ' !/#%!-l' !o-'c!' %#-'%'c! %# %#c#'& %# !l#& %# /#-&o'&, cuo 'l /''%o &#-+!c!oco$-!u# ' l' 'cuul'c! %# #&'& 7o-$u'& colo&'l#&* Co$-!u!-' ' o$##- u'&oluc! /'c4c' %# lo& /-ol#'& 3u# '#'9' 'o-' co ll#'- 'l u%o %# ''-3u' %#--''!#$o %# &'-#*"

"L' co&'-'c! ' D!o& %# u %!#9o %# $o%'& l'& #$-'%'&, ' 7u#-' %# l' u#-$' o l'!#&, %#l -#'o o l' ''%', %#l $-''jo 'u'l o %#l !$#l#c$u'l> l' co&'-'c! %#u &#u%o %!#9o %#&$!'%o 'l 'l!+!o %#l /o-# o$-o& u&o& #.4co&, $#%' ''$##- &!#/-# /-#&#$# '$# #l /u#lo #l /-!c!/!o %# 3u# D!o& #& %u#o %# $o%o, 3u# #llo& $#' l' o/o-$u!%'% %# &#- lo& c''l#& /o- #%!o %# lo& cu'l#& ?u#-' &u&#%!c!o#&* E-' u' #%uc'c! '%'/$'%' /'-' 'c''- co $o%o #o&o, cul$!+'- l'-'%#9' l' ol#9' %# c'-5c$#-*"

"El cooc!!#$o %# D!o&, l' cou! co .l # #l #&$u%!o #l $-''j, l' &##j'9' ' .l# c'-5c$#-, '' %# &#- l' 7u#$#, #l #%!o #l l'co %# l' #%uc'c! %# I&-'#l,#%uc'c! !/'-$!%' /o- D!o& ' lo& /'%-#&, 3u# #llo& %#' $-'&!$!- ' &u& !jo&* "

Las Escuelas de los Profetas

"Ello& &# &#$'-o ' $u& /!#&> c'%' uo -#c!! $u& /'l'-'&"*"

DONDEUIERA &# ll#+'' ' c'o # I&-'#l #l /l' #%uc'$!+o %# D!o&, &# +#', /o- &u&-#&ul$'%o&, 3u# .l #-' &u Au$o-* S! #'-o, # uc'& c'&'&, l' #%uc'c! !%!c'%'/o- #l c!#lo lo& c'-'c$#-#& &# #ll' %#&'--oll'%o&, #-' !u'l#$# -'-o&* S# ll#+'' 'c'o /'-c!'l # !/#-7#c$'#$# #l /l' %# D!o&* A c'u&' %# l' !c-#%ul!%'% #l %#&cu!%o%# l'& !&$-ucc!o#& %'%'& /o- #l S#o-, lo& !&-'#l!$'& &# -o%#'-o %# $#$'c!o#& 3u#/oco& $#' #l /o%#- %# -#&!&$!-* Cu'%o &# #&$'l#c!#-o # C''5, "o %#&$-u#-o 'lo& /u#lo& 3u# =#o+5 l#& %!jo> '$#& &# #9cl'-o, co l'& 'c!o#&, '/-#%!#-o &u&

o-'&, &!-+!#-o ' &u& %olo&, lo& cu'l#& 7u#-o c'u&' %# &u -u!'"*"o %#&$-u#-o ' lo&/u#lo& 3u# =#o+5 l#& %!jo> '$#& &# #9cl'-o, co l'& 'c!o#&, '/-#%!#-o &u&o-'&, &!-+!#-o ' &u& %olo&, lo& cu'l#& 7u#-o c'u&' %# &u -u!'"*S'l* 10: ;K;*<"!#&$u+!#-o 4-#& # &u /'c$o* 8#-o .l, !&#-!co-%!o&o, /#-%o'' l' 'l%'%, o lo&%#&$-u'> '/'-$ uc'& +#c#& &u !-5* * * S# 'co-% %# 3u# #-' c'-#, &o/lo 3u# +' o +u#l+#"*S'l* : ;;*<S'l* : ;;*<Lo& /'%-#& l'& '%-#& !&-'#l!$'& ll#'-o '&#- !%!7#-#$#& ' &u ol!'c! 'c!' D!o& &u& !jo&* A c'u&' %# l' !4%#l!%'%o&#-+'%' # #l o'-, l'& !?u#c!'& !%l'$-'& %#l #6$#-!o-, uco& j+##& #-#o&-#c!!#-o u' #%uc'c! 3u# %!7#-' -'%##$# %# l' K 3u# D!o& '' !%#'%o /'-'#llo&, &!u!#-o lo& c'!o& %# lo& /''o&* (No$': S'l* 10: ;K;*<Su co-'9 o #-'-#c$o co D!o&, "! #&$u+!#-o 4-#& # &u /'c$o* 8#-o .l, !&#-!co-%!o&o, /#-%o'' l'

'l%'%, o lo& %#&$-u'> '/'-$ uc'& +#c#& &u !-5* * * S# 'co-% %# 3u# #-' c'-#,&o/lo 3u# +' o +u#l+#"*)

A 4 %# co$-'--#&$'- #&$# c-#c!#$# 'l, D!o& /-o+# o$-o& !&$-u#$o& 3u# 'u%'-'' lo& /'%-#& # l' o-' %# l' #%uc'c!* D#&%# lo& $!#/o& 5& -#o$o& &# ''co&!%#-'%o ' lo& /-o7#$'& coo '#&$-o& %!+!'#$# %#&!'%o&* El /-o7#$' #-', # #l&#$!%o 5& #l#+'%o, u' /#-&o' 3u# 'l'' /o- !&/!-'c! %!-#c$', cou!c'' 'l/u#lo lo& #&'j#& 3u# -#c!' %# D!o&* 8#-o $'!. &# %'' #&$# o-# ' lo& 3u#,'u3u# o #-' $' %!-#c$'#$# !&/!-'%o&, #-' %!+!'#$# ll''%o& ' !&$-u!- 'l/u#lo # l'& o-'& lo& c'!o& %# D!o&* 8'-' /-#/'-'- #&' cl'&# %# '#&$-o&, S'u#l7u%, %# 'cu#-%o co l' !&$-ucc! %#l S#o-, l'& #&cu#l'& %# lo& /-o7#$'&*



E&$'& #&cu#l'& $#' /o- oj#$o &#-+!- coo '--#-' co$-' l' co--u/c! 3u# &#/-o/''' /o- $o%'& /'-$#&, '$#%#- 'l !##&$'- #$'l #&/!-!$u'l %# l' ju+#$u%, #&$!ul'- l' /-o&/#-!%'% %# l' 'c!, /-o+#.%ol' %# o-#& /-#/'-'%o& /'-' 'c$u'-# #l $#o- %# D!o&, coo %!-#c$o-#& co&#j#-o&* Co #&$# /-o/&!$o, S'u#l -#u!-u/o& %# j+##& /!'%o&o&, !$#l!#$#& #&$u%!o&o&, 3u# -#c!!#-o #l o-# %# !jo&%# lo& /-o7#$'&* A #%!%' 3u# #&$u%!'' l' 8'l'-' l'& o-'& %# D!o&, &u /o%#-+!+!4c'%o- 'c$!+'' l'& ##-'& %# l' #$# #l 'l', lo& 'luo& -#c!' &'!%u-'

%# lo 'l$o* Lo& '#&$-o& o &lo #-' +#-&'%o& # l' +#-%'% %!+!', &!o 3u# ''o9'%o %# l' cou! co D!o&, '' -#c!!%o #l %o #&/#c!'l %# &u E&/-!$u*o9'' %#l -#&/#$o l' co4'9' %#l /u#lo, $'$o /o- &u &'#- coo /o- &u /!#%'%*E lo& %'& %# S'u#l '' %o& #&cu#l'& $'l#&, u' # R'5, %o%# +!+' #l /-o7#$', o$-' # u!-!'$j#'-!* E 'o& /o&$#-!o-#& &# #&$'l#c!#-o o$-'&*

Lo& 'luo& %# #&$'& #&cu#l'& &# &o&$#' cul$!+'%o l' $!#--', o -#'l!9'%o 'l o$-o$-''jo 'u'l* E I&-'#l o &# co&!%#-'' co&' #6$-'o-%!'-!' o %#-'%'$# #l $-''jo>'l co$-'-!o, &# co&!%#-'' /#c'%o /#-!$!- 3u# lo& !o& c-#c!#-' &! &'#- 'c#-$-''jo& $!l#&* To%o jo+#, ' 7u#-' %# /'%-#& -!co& o /o-#&, '/-#%' u o4c!o* Au3u#%#!#-' #%uc'-&# /'-' %#&#/#'- u o4c!o &'-'%o, &# co&!%#-'' 3u# #lcooc!!#$o %# l' +!%' /-5c$!c' #-' u -#3u!&!$o #&#c!'l /'-' /-#&$'- l' 'o- u$!l!%'%

/o&!l#* Muco& %# lo& '#&$-o& &# '$#' $'!. /o- #%!o %#l $-''jo 'u'l*

L ;' 1J@ T'$o # l' #&cu#l' coo # #l o'-, uc' %# l' #&#'9' #-' o-'l, /#-o lo& j+##& '/-#%' $'!. ' l##- lo& #&c-!$o& #-#o&, &# o7-#c' ' &u #&$u%!o lo&/#-'!o& %# l'& E&c-!$u-'& %#l A$!uo T#&$'#$o* E #&'& #&cu#l'&, lo& /-!c!/'l#&$#'& %# #&$u%!o #-' l' l# %# D!o&, co l'& !&$-ucc!o#& %'%'& ' Mo!&.&, l' !&$o-!' l' &!c' &'-'%'&, l' /o#&'* E lo& -#l'$o& %# l' !&$o-!' &'-'%', &# -'&$-#'' l'&/!&'%'& %# =#o+5* S# 'c' o$'- l'& -'%#& +#-%'%#& /-#&#$'%'& /o- #%!o %#&olo& # #l &#-+!c!o %#l &'$u'-!o, l' 7# ''-c'' #l oj#$o c#$-'l %# $o%o #l&!&$#': El Co-%#-o %# D!o&, 3u# '' %# 3u!$'- #l /#c'%o %#l u%o* S# 7o#$'' #l#&/-!$u %# %#+oc! o &lo &# #&#'' ' lo& 'luo& 3u# %#' o-'-, &!o l' 7o-'%# 'c#-lo, %# 'c#-c'-&# 'l C-#'%o-, %# #j#-c!$'- l' 7# # .l %# co/-#%#- o#%#c#-

l'& #&#'9'& %# &u E&/-!$u* El !$#l#c$o &'$!4c'%o &'c'' %#l $#&o-o %# D!o& co&'&u#+'& +!#j'&, #l E&/-!$u %# D!o& &# '!7#&$'' # l' /-o7#c' #l c'$o &'-'%o*

E&$'& #&cu#l'& ll#'-o ' &#- uo %# lo& #%!o& 5& #4c'c#& /'-' #&$!ul'- l' ju&$!c!'3u# "#-'%#c# ' l' 'c!"*"#-'%#c# ' l' 'c!"*8-o* 1K: ;K* E #&c'l' o/#3u#' co$-!u#-o ' /o#- #l c!!#$o %# l' '-'+!llo&' /-o&/#-!%'% K 3u#%!&$!u! lo& -#!'%o& %# D'+!% S'lo* (No$': 8-o* 1K: ;K*<)

Lo& /-!c!/!o& #&#'%o& # l'& #&cu#l'& %# lo& /-o7#$'& #-' lo& !&o& 3u# o%#l'-o#l c'-5c$#- l' +!%' %# D'+!%* L' 8'l'-' %# D!o& 7u# &u '#&$-o*" D# $u& '%'!#$o&Lo& /-!c!/!o& #&#'%o& # l'& #&cu#l'& %# lo& /-o7#$'& #-' lo& !&o& 3u# o%#l'-o

#l c'-5c$#- l' +!%' %# D'+!%* L' 8'l'-' %# D!o& 7u# &u '#&$-o*" D# $u& '%'!#$o& %!jo .l # '%3u!-!%o !$#l!#c!'* * * M! co-'9 !cl!. ' cu/l!- $u& #&$'$u$o&"* #'%3u!-!%o !$#l!#c!'* * * M! co-'9 !cl!. ' cu/l!- $u& #&$'$u$o&"*S'l* 11: 10K,112*<"+'- co7o-# ' ! co-'9"*#c* 1;: 22*<#c* 1;: 22*< (No$': S'l* 11: 10K,112*<E&o !%ujo ' D!o& ' %#c!- %# D'+!%, cu'%o lo ll' /'-' ocu/'- #l $-oo, 3u# #-'"+'- co7o-# ' ! co-'9"*)

"E lo& /-!#-o& $!#/o& %# l' +!%' %# S'lo &# +# $'!. lo& -#&ul$'%o& %#l.$o%o #%uc'$!+o %# D!o&* E&$# -# !9o # &u ju+#$u% l' !&' %#c!&! 3u# D'+!%*A$#& 3u# cu'l3u!#- !# $#--#'l, /!%! ' D!o& u co-'9 &'!o #$#%!%o* #l S#o-o &lo l# %!o lo 3u# l# /#%', &!o lo 3u# o '' /#%!%o: -!3u#9'& oo-#&* El /o%#-



%# &u !$#l!#c!', l' '/l!$u% %# &u cooc!!#$o l' lo-!' %# &u -#!'%o &# !c!#-o7'o&o& # $o%o #l u%o*"

Du-'$# lo& -#!'%o& %# D'+!% S'lo, I&-'#l ll# 'l '/o#o %# &u -'%#9'* S#cu/l! l' /-o#&' %'%' ' A-'5 -#/#$!%' /o- #%!o %# Mo!&.&: "8o-3u# &!u'-%'-'!& cu!%'%o&'#$# $o%o& #&$o& '%'!#$o& 3u# o o& /-#&c-!o /'-' 3u# lo&cu/l5!&, &! ''-#!& ' =#o+5 +u#&$-o D!o&, '%'%o # $o%o& &u& c'!o&, &!u!.%ol# ' .l, =#o+5 $'!. #c'-5 %# %#l'$# %# +o&o$-o& ' $o%'& #&$'& 'c!o#&,

%#&/o&##-.!& 'c!o#& -'%#& 5& /o%#-o&'& 3u# +o&o$-o&* To%o lu'- 3u# /!&'-# l'/l'$' %# +u#&$-o /!# &#-5 +u#&$-o> %#&%# #l %#&!#-$o '&$' #l L'o, %#&%# #l -oEu7-'$#& '&$' #l '- occ!%#$'l &#-5 +u#&$-o $#--!$o-!o* N'%!# &# &o&$#%-5 %#l'$# %#+o&o$-o&"*Du-'$# lo& -#!'%o& %# D'+!% S'lo, I&-'#l ll# 'l '/o#o %# &u-'%#9'* S# cu/l! l' /-o#&' %'%' ' A-'5 -#/#$!%' /o- #%!o %# Mo!&.&:"8o-3u# &! u'-%'-'!& cu!%'%o&'#$# $o%o& #&$o& '%'!#$o& 3u# o o& /-#&c-!o/'-' 3u# lo& cu/l5!&, &! ''-#!& ' =#o+5 +u#&$-o D!o&, '%'%o # $o%o& &u&c'!o&, &!u!.%ol# ' .l, =#o+5 $'!. #c'-5 %# %#l'$# %# +o&o$-o& ' $o%'& #&$'&'c!o#&, %#&/o&##-.!& 'c!o#& -'%#& 5& /o%#-o&'& 3u# +o&o$-o&* To%o lu'-3u# /!&'-# l' /l'$' %# +u#&$-o /!# &#-5 +u#&$-o> %#&%# #l %#&!#-$o '&$' #l L'o, %#&%##l -o Eu7-'$#& '&$' #l '- occ!%#$'l &#-5 +u#&$-o $#--!$o-!o* N'%!# &# &o&$#%-5 %#l'$#%# +o&o$-o&"*D#u$* 11: 22: 2J*< (No$': D#u$* 11: 22: 2J*<)

"8#-o # #%!o %# l' /-o&/#-!%'% 'c#c'' #l /#l!-o* El /#c'%o %# lo& l$!o& 'o& %#D'+!%, 'u3u# %# .l &# '--#/!$!#-' &!c#-'#$#, 7u#&# %u-'#$# " c'&$!'%o,#+'l#$o 'l /u#lo # l' $-'&-#&! %# lo& '%'!#$o& %# D!o&* l' +!%' %#S'lo, %#&/u.& %# u' ''' $' /-o!&o-!', 7u# o&cu-#c!%' /o- l' '/o&$'&'* El%#&#o %# o$##- /o%#- /ol$!co #-'%#c!!#$o /-o/!o lo !%ujo ' 'l!'-&# co'c!o#& /'''&* 8-ocu- l' /l'$' %# T'-&!& #l o-o %# O4- ' co&$' %#l &'c-!4c!o %# l'!$#-!%'% l' $-'!c! %# lo& &'-'%o& co#$!%o& %# D!o&* L' '&oc!'c! co !%l'$-'& #l c'&'!#$o co uj#-#& /'''&, co--o/!#-o &u 7#* D# #&# o%o 7u#-o %#--!'%'&l'& '--#-'& 3u# D!o& '' l#+'$'%o /'-' &#u-!%'% %# &u /u#lo, S'lo &##$-# 'l cul$o %# lo& %!o&#& 7'l&o&* E l' c!' %#l Mo$# %# lo& Ol!+o&, 7-#$# 'l $#/lo%# =#o+5, &# #-!!#-o !5##& 'l$'-#& !'$#&co& /'-' -#%!- cul$o ' %#!%'%#&

/'''&* Al ''%o'- &u 4%#l!%'% ' D!o&, S'lo /#-%! #l %o!!o /-o/!o* Su%#l!c'%' &#&!!l!%'% &# '%o-#c!* S# %#&+'#c! #l #&/-!$u coc!#9u%o co&!%#-'%o3u# c'-'c$#-!9 #l /-!c!/!o %# &u -#!'%o* Lo& 7-u$o& %#l o-ullo, l' '!c!, l'/-o%!'l!%'% #l &#&u'l!&o, 7u#-o l' c-u#l%'% l' #6$o-&!* El o#-'$# ju&$o,co/'&!+o, $##-o&o %# D!o&, &# co+!-$! # $!-'o o/-#&o-* El 3u# # oc'&! %# l'%#%!c'c! %#l $#/lo '' o-'%o ' D!o& /'-' 3u# &u /u#lo l# #$-#'-' &! -#&#-+'& #lco-'9, &# $-'&7o- # &u &#%uc$o-* S'lo &# %#&o- ' & !&o, %#&o- 'I&-'#l %#&o- ' D!o&*"

M K' 1@ L' 'c!, %# l' cu'l .l '' &!%o #l o-ullo, &!u! &u& /'&o&* Au3u# 5& $'-%# &#'--#/!$!, &u '--#/#$!!#$o o !/!%! 3u# %!#&# 7-u$o #l 'l 3u# '' &#-'%o* L'%!&c!/l!' l' #%uc'c! 3u# D!o& '' &#'l'%o ' I&-'#l, $#%' ' %!7#-#c!'-lo&, #

$o%o& lo& '&/#c$o& %# l' +!%', %# lo& %#5& /u#lo&* No 'c#/$ u&$o&o #&' /#cul!'-!%'%3u# %#' '#- co&!%#-'%o /-!+!l#!o #%!c! #&/#c!'l#&* T-'$ %# c'!'- l'&#c!ll#9 #l %o!!o /-o/!o, #&#c!'l#& /'-' u %#&'--ollo 5& #l#+'%o, L' 'c!, %# l'cu'l .l '' &!%o #l o-ullo, &!u! &u& /'&o&* Au3u# 5& $'-%# &# '--#/!$!, &u'--#/#$!!#$o o !/!%! 3u# %!#&# 7-u$o #l 'l 3u# '' &#-'%o* L' %!&c!/l!' l'#%uc'c! 3u# D!o& '' &#'l'%o ' I&-'#l, $#%' ' %!7#-#c!'-lo&, # $o%o& lo&'&/#c$o& %# l' +!%', %# lo& %#5& /u#lo&* No 'c#/$ u&$o&o #&' /#cul!'-!%'% 3u#%#' '#- co&!%#-'%o /-!+!l#!o #%!c! #&/#c!'l#&* T-'$ %# c'!'- l' &#c!ll#9 #l %o!!o /-o/!o, #&#c!'l#& /'-' u %#&'--ollo 5& #l#+'%o, J0 /o- l' /o/' #l&#&u'l!&o %# l'& 'c!o#& /'''&* Su '!c! #-' &#- "coo* * * $o%'& l'&'c!o#&"*/o- l' /o/' #l &#&u'l!&o %# l'& 'c!o#& /'''&* Su '!c! #-' &#-



"coo* * * $o%'& l'& 'c!o#&"*1 S'* : J*D#&#c'-o #l /l' %# #%uc'c! %# D!o&, o-#cooc!#-o &u 'u$o-!%'%* (No$': 1 S'* : J*< )

L' c'%' %# I&-'#l #/#9 co #l -#c'9'!#$o %# lo& c'!o& %# D!o& /'-' '%o/$'- lo&c'!o& %# lo& o-#&* A& &!u! '&$' 3u# #l /u#lo ju%o 7u# /-#&' %# l'& !&'&'c!o#& cu'& co&$u-#& '' '%o/$'%o*

Coo 'c!, lo& !&-'#l!$'& o -#c!!#-o lo& ##4c!o& 3u# D!o& %#&#'' %'-l#&* No

'/-#c!'-o &u /-o/&!$o ! coo/#-'-o # &u -#'l!9'c!* 8#-o 'u3u# lo& !%!+!%uo& /u#lo& &# &#/'-# '& %# .l, &u /-o/&!$o /'-' co lo& 3u# # .l co7' #& !u$'l#>"$o%o lo 3u# D!o& 'c# &#-5 /#-/#$uo"*"$o%o lo 3u# D!o& 'c# &#-5 /#-/#$uo"*Ecl# ;: 1K*<(No$': Ecl# ;: 1K*<)

S! !# #& c!#-$o 3u# ' %!7#-#$#& -'%o& %# %#&'--ollo, %!7#-#$#& '!7#&$'c!o#&%# &u /o%#- /'-' &u/l!- l'& #c#&!%'%#& u''& # lo& %!7#-#$#& &!lo&, l' o-' %#D!o&, # $o%o& lo& $!#/o&, #& l' !&'* El M'#&$-o #& #l !&o* El c'-5c$#- %# D!o& &u/l' &o lo& !&o&* "E #l cu'l o ' u%'9', ! &o-' %# +'-!'c!"*S! !# #&c!#-$o 3u# ' %!7#-#$#& -'%o& %# %#&'--ollo, %!7#-#$#& '!7#&$'c!o#& %# &u /o%#-/'-' &u/l!- l'& #c#&!%'%#& u''& # lo& %!7#-#$#& &!lo&, l' o-' %# D!o&, # $o%o&lo& $!#/o&, #& l' !&'* El M'#&$-o #& #l !&o* El c'-5c$#- %# D!o& &u /l' &o lo&

!&o&* "E #l cu'l o ' u%'9', ! &o-' %# +'-!'c!"*S'$* 1: 1*< (No$': S'$*1: 1*<)

L' #6/#-!#c!' %# I&-'#l ' &!%o -#!&$-'%' /'-' u#&$-' !&$-ucc!* " #&$'& co&'& l#&'co$#c!#-o coo #j#/lo, #&$5 #&c-!$'& /'-' 'o#&$'-o& ' o&o$-o&, ' 3u!##&' 'lc'9'%o lo& 4#& %# lo& &!lo&"*L' #6/#-!#c!' %# I&-'#l ' &!%o -#!&$-'%' /'-'u#&$-' !&$-ucc!* " #&$'& co&'& l#& 'co$#c!#-o coo #j#/lo, #&$5 #&c-!$'& /'-''o#&$'-o& ' o&o$-o&, ' 3u!##& ' 'lc'9'%o lo& 4#& %# lo& &!lo&"*1 Co-* 10:11*<* J1 (No$': 1 Co-* 10: 11*<E lo 3u# -#&/#c$' ' o&o$-o&, lo !&o 3u# 'l I&-'#l %#'$'o, #l .6!$o %# l' #%uc'c! %#/#%# %# l' 4%#l!%'% co 3u# &# ll#+' ' c'o #l /l'%#l C-#'%o-* L' '%#&!, ' lo& /-!c!/!o& %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& o& -#/o-$'-5 u'#%!c! $' -'%# coo l' u!#-' -#/o-$'%o 'l /u#lo #-#o* )

Biografías de Grandes om!res

"El 7-u$o %#l ju&$o #& 5-ol %# +!%'"*"

LA ISTORIA &'-'%' o7-#c# uc'& !lu&$-'c!o#& %# lo& -#&ul$'%o& %# l' +#-%'%#-'#%uc'c!> uco& ol#& #j#/lo& %# o-#& cuo& c'-'c$#-#& &# 7o-'-o 'jo l'#%!c! %!+!'> o-#& cu'& +!%'& 7u#-o u' #%!c! /'-' &u& &##j'$#& 3u#+!+!#-o # #l u%o coo -#/-#&#$'$#& %# D!o&* E$-# #llo& 4u-' =o&. D'!#l,Mo!&.&, El!&#o 8'lo, lo& 'o-#& #&$'%!&$'&, #l 'o- l#!&l'%o-, uo %# lo&-#7o-'%o-#& 5& 4#l#& , ' #6c#/c! %# A3u#l 3u# 'l coo j'5& 'l o-#

'luo, #l '#&$-o 5& !lu&$-# 3u# #&$# u%o '' cooc!%o* "#$E

E lo& /-!#-o& $!#/o& %# &u +!%', 'l /'&'- %# l' ju+#$u% ' l' +!-!l!%'%, =o&. D'!#l7u#-o &#/'-'%o& %# &u& o'-#& ll#+'%o& c'u$!+o& ' /'&#& /''o&* =o&.,#&/#c!'l#$#, 7u# #6/u#&$o ' l'& $#$'c!o#& 3u# 'co/'' ' lo& -'%#& c'!o& %#7o-$u'* E l' c'&' %# &u /'%-# 7u# u !o $!#-'#$# !'%o> # l' c'&' %# 8o$!7'-7u# #&cl'+o, lu#o co4%#$# co/'#-o> o-# %# #oc!o&, #%uc'%o #%!'$# #l#&$u%!o, l' o&#-+'c! #l co$'c$o co lo& o-#&> # l' c5-c#l %# F'-' 7u# u/-#&o %#l #&$'%o, co%#'%o !ju&$'#$#, 3u# o $#' #&/#-'9' %# +!%!c'c! !



/#-&/#c$!+' %# l!#-$'%> # u o#$o %# -' c-!&!& 7u# ll''%o ' 'c$u'- # #lo!#-o %# l' 'c!* Gu. lo c'/'c!$'' /'-' co&#-+'- &u !$#-!%'%H

M J' 1@ N'%!# /u#%# '$##-&# # u' -' 'l$u-' &! /#l!-o* D#l !&o o%o 3u# l'$#/#&$'% 3u# %#j' !$'c$' l' ?o- %#l +'ll#, %#&'--'!' #l 5-ol %# l' c!' %# l'o$'', l'& 4#-'& $#$'c!o#& 3u# %#j' !$'c$o 'l %# co%!c! u!l%#, '&'l$' ' lo&3u# ocu/' lo& lu'-#& 5& #l#+'%o& %#l u%o # cu'$o ' .6!$o oo-* 8#-o =o&.-#&!&$! !u'l#$# l' /-u#' %# l' /-o&/#-!%'% l' '%+#-&!%'%* E #l /'l'c!o %# F'-'

/u&o %# '!4#&$o l' !&' 4%#l!%'% 3u# # l' c#l%' %# l' c5-c#l*

E &u !#9 &# l# '' #&#'%o ' ''- $##- ' D!o&* A #u%o &# l# '' co$'%o,# l' $!#%' %# &u /'%-#, 'jo l'& #&$-#ll'& %# S!-!', l' !&$o-!' %# l' +!&! oc$u-' %#B#$#l, %# l' #&c'l#-' #$-# #l c!#lo l' $!#--', %# lo& 5#l#& 3u# &u' 'j'', %#A3u#l 3u# &# -#+#l ' ='co %#&%# #l $-oo %# lo 'l$o* S# l# '' co$'%o l' !&$o-!' %#lco?!c$o '!%o ju$o 'l ='oc, %o%#, %#&/u.& %# -#uc!'- ' /#c'%o& '--'!'%o&, ='co7u# +#c#%o- -#c!! #l $$ulo %# /-c!/# co D!o&*

M!#$-'& #-' /'&$o-c!llo cu!%'' lo& -#'o& %# &u /'%-#, l' +!%' /u-' &#c!ll' %# =o&.'' 7'+o-#c!%o #l %#&'--ollo %# l'& 7'cul$'%#& 7&!c'& #$'l#&* 8o- l' cou! coD!o& #%!'$# l' '$u-'l#9', #l #&$u%!o %# l'& -'%#& +#-%'%#& $-'&!$!%'& %# /'%-#

' !jo, coo co#$!%o &'-'%o, o$u+o 7u#-9' #$'l 4-#9' %# /-!c!/!o&*

Cu'%o &# /-o%ujo l' c-!&!& %# &u +!%', %u-'$# #l +!'j# $#--!l# 3u# !9o %#&%# #l o'-%# &u !#9, &!$u'%o # C''5, ' l' #&cl'+!$u% 3u# l# #&/#-'' # E!/$o, 'l co$#/l'-/o- l$!' +#9 l'& col!'& 3u# ocul$'' l'& $!#%'& %# &u /'-#$#l', =o&. -#co-% 'l D!o&%# &u /'%-#* R#co-% l'& l#cc!o#& '/-#%!%'& # &u !#9 &u 'l' &# coo+!cu'%o !9o l' -#&oluc! %# &#- 4#l, co%uc!-&# &!#/-# coo co--#&/o%# ' u&%!$o %#l R# %#l c!#lo*

=o&. /#-'#c! 4#l %u-'$# &u ''-' +!%' coo #6$-'j#-o #&cl'+o, # #%!o %# l'&#&c#'& lo& -u!%o& %#l +!c!o l'& &#%ucc!o#& %#l cul$o /''o, cul$o -o%#'%o %# $o%o&lo& '$-'c$!+o& %# l' -!3u#9', l' cul$u-' l' /o/' %# l' -#'l#9'* '' '/-#%!%o l'

l#cc! %# l' o#%!#c!' 'l %##-* L' 4%#l!%'% # cu'l3u!#- &!$u'c!, %#&%# l' 5&u!l%# ' l' 5& #cu-'%', '%!#&$- $o%'& &u& 7'cul$'%#& /'-' u &#-+!c!o 5&#l#+'%o*

Cu'%o 7u# ll''%o ' l' co-$# %# F'-', E!/$o #-' l' 'c! 5& /o%#-o&'* E cu'$o 'c!+!l!9'c!, '-$# c!#c!', o $#' -!+'l* =o&. '%!!&$- lo& #oc!o& %#l -#!o # u'./oc' %# %!4cul$'% /#l!-o #6$-#o&, lo !9o %# u o%o 3u# c'u$!+ l' co4'9' %#l-# %#l /u#lo* F'-' lo /u&o /o- "&#o- %# &u c'&', /o- o#-'%o- %# $o%'& &u&/o&#&!o#&, /'-' 3u# -#/-!!#-' ' &u& -'%#& coo .l 3u!&!#&#, ' &u& 'c!'o&#&#'-' &'!%u-'"*"&#o- %# &u c'&', /o- o#-'%o- %# $o%'& &u& /o&#&!o#&, /'-'3u# -#/-!!#-' ' &u& -'%#& coo .l 3u!&!#&#, ' &u& 'c!'o& #&#'-' &'!%u-'"*S'l*

10J: 21, 22*< (No$': S'l* 10J: 21, 22*<)

"L' !&/!-'c! ' /u#&$o '$# o&o$-o& #l &#c-#$o %# l' +!%' %# =o&.* ='co, co /'l'-'&%# #ll#9' /o%#- %!+!o&, 'l '& %# &u !jo /-#%!l#c$o, cu'%o #%!jo ' &u& !jo&:"

"R'' 7-uc$7#-' #& =o&.,"

R'' 7-uc$7#-' ju$o ' u' 7u#$#, R'' 7-uc$7#-' ju$o ' u' 7u#$#,Cuo& +5&$'o&&# #6$!#%# &o-# #l u-o*Cuo& +5&$'o& &# #6$!#%# &o-# #l u-o*L# c'u&'-o''-u-', l# '&'#$#'-o,L# c'u&'-o ''-u-', l# '&'#$#'-o, l# 'o--#c!#-o lo&'-3u#-o&> l# 'o--#c!#-o lo& '-3u#-o&>M'& &u '-co &# '$u+o /o%#-o&o,M'& &u '-co &#



'$u+o /o%#-o&o, lo& -'9o& %# &u& 'o& &# 7o-$'l#c!#-o lo& -'9o& %# &u& 'o&&# 7o-$'l#c!#-o8o- l'& 'o& %#l Fu#-$# %# ='co* * *8o- l'& 'o& %#l Fu#-$# %#

='co* * *8o- #l D!o& %# $u /'%-#, #l cu'l $# 'u%'-5,8o- #l D!o& %# $u /'%-#, #l cu'l $#'u%'-5,8o- #l D!o& O!/o$#$#, #l cu'l $# #%#c!-58o- #l D!o& O!/o$#$#, #l cu'l $##%#c!-5Co #%!c!o#& %# lo& c!#lo& %# '--!',Co #%!c!o#& %# lo& c!#lo& %#'--!',Co #%!c!o#& %#l '!&o 3u# #&$5 ''jo* *Co #%!c!o#& %#l '!&o 3u# #&$5''jo* *L'& #%!c!o#& %# $u /'%-#L'& #%!c!o#& %# $u /'%-#Fu#-o 'o-#& 3u# l'&#%!c!o#& %# !& /-o#!$o-#&>Fu#-o 'o-#& 3u# l'& #%!c!o#& %# !&

/-o#!$o-#&>'&$' #l $.-!o %# lo& coll'%o& #$#-o&'&$' #l $.-!o %# lo& coll'%o&#$#-o&S#-5 &o-# l' c'#9' %# =o&."*S#-5 &o-# l' c'#9' %# =o&."*.* K: 22, 2*<JK (No$': .* K: 22, 2*< JK)

"L' l#'l$'% ' D!o&, l' 7# # #l I+!&!l#, co&$!$u' #l 'cl' %# =o&.* E #&$o -#&!%' #l&#c-#$o %# &u /o%#-*"

" lo& -'9o& %# &u& 'o& &# 7o-$'l#c!#-o 8o- l'& 'o& %#l Fu#-$# %# ='co"

%&'IEL( )' EMB&"&%#R %EL CIEL#

D'!#l &u& co/'#-o& 7u#-o '/'-#$##$# 5& 7'+o-#c!%o& # &u ju+#$u% /o- l'

&u#-$#, # B'!lo!', 3u# =o&. # lo& /-!#-o& 'o& %# &u +!%' # E!/$o> &! #'-o,7u#-o &o#$!%o& ' /-u#'& %# c'-5c$#- '/#'& #o& &#+#-'&* D# &u o'--#l'$!+'#$# &#c!llo %# =u%#', #&$o& j+##& %# l!'j# -#'l 7u#-o $-'&/o-$'%o& ' l'c!u%'% 5& '4c', ' l' co-$# %#l 5& -'%# o'-c', 7u#-o #&co!%o& /'-' &#-#%uc'%o& /'-' #l &#-+!c!o #&/#c!'l %#l -#*

= ' 1@ E #&' co-$# co--o/!%' lujo&' #&$'' -o%#'%o& %# 7u#-$#& $#$'c!o#&* Lo&+#c#%o-#& #c!o'' co j'c$'c!' #l #co %# 3u# #llo&, '%o-'%o-#& %# =#o+5,7u#-' c'u$!+o& %# B'!lo!'> 3u# lo& +'&o& %# l' c'&' %# D!o& u!#&# &!%o coloc'%o&# #l $#/lo %# lo& %!o&#& %# B'!lo!'> 3u# #l -# %# I&-'#l 7u#&# /-!&!o#-o %# lo&'!lo!o&, coo #+!%#c!' %# 3u# &u -#l!! &u& co&$u-#& #-' &u/#-!o-#& ' l'-#l!! l'& co&$u-#& %# lo& #-#o&* E #&'& c!-cu&$'c!'&, /o- #%!o %# l'&!&'& u!ll'c!o#& 3u# #-' #l -#&ul$'%o %# 3u# I&-'#l &# '' '/'-$'%o %# lo&

'%'!#$o& %# D!o&, #l S#o- %!o ' B'!lo!' l' #+!%#c!' %# &u &u/-#'c', %# l'&'$!%'% %# &u& %#'%'& %#l -#&ul$'%o &#u-o %# l' o#%!#c!'* %!o #&# $#&$!o!o%#l !co o%o 3u# /o%' &#- %'%o: 8o- #%!o %# lo& 3u# &#u' &!#%o 4#l#&*

U' /-u#' %#c!&!+' l#& &o-#+!o ' D'!#l &u& co/'#-o& 'l #/#9'- &u c'--#-'* L'o-%# %# 3u# &# l#& &!-+!#-' l' co!%' %# l' #&' -#'l #-' u' #6/-#&! %#l 7'+o- %#l-#, %#l !$#-.& 3u# $#' /o- &u !##&$'-* 8#-o coo u' /o-c! #-' o7-#c!%' ' lo&%olo&, l' co!%' %# l' #&' %#l -# #-' co&'-'%' ' l' !%ol'$-': &! lo& j+##&/'-$!c!/'' %# #ll' &# !' ' co&!%#-'- 3u# -#%' o#'j# ' lo& %!o&#& 7'l&o&* L'l#'l$'% ' =#o+5 l#& /-o!' 3u# $u+!#-' /'-$# # &##j'$# o#'j#* T'/oco &#'$-#+' #llo& ' '--!#&'-&# ' &u7-!- lo& #7#c$o& ##-+'$#& %#l lujo l' %!&!/'c! &o-#

&u %#&'--ollo 7&!co, #$'l #&/!-!$u'l*

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E l' co-$# %# B'!lo!' '' -#/-#&#$'$#& %# $o%o& lo& /'&#&, o-#& %# lo& 5&&#l#c$o& $'l#$o&, -!c'#$# %o$'%o& %# %o#& '$u-'l#&, /o&##%o-#& %# l' 5&#l#+'%' cul$u-' 3u# #&$# u%o /u#%# o7-#c#-, &! #'-o, # #%!o %# $o%o& #llo&,lo& #-#o& c'u$!+o& o $#' -!+'l* E-' !co/'-'l#& # 7u#-9' #ll#9' 7&!c', #+!o- #$'l # &'#-*" # $o%o '&u$o %# &'!%u-' # !$#l!#c!' # 3u# #l -# l#&co&ul$, lo& 'll %!#9 +#c#& #jo-#& 3u# $o%o& lo& 'o& '&$-loo& 3u# '' #$o%o &u -#!o"*" # $o%o '&u$o %# &'!%u-' # !$#l!#c!' # 3u# #l -# l#& co&ul$,lo& 'll %!#9 +#c#& #jo-#& 3u# $o%o& lo& 'o& '&$-loo& 3u# '' # $o%o &u

-#!o"*D'* 1: 20*< (No$': D'* 1: 20*<)Icoo+!l# # &u l#'l$'% ' D!o& 4-# # #l %o!!o /-o/!o, l' ol# %!!%'% l'co-$.& %#7#-#c!' Icoo+!l# # &u l#'l$'% ' D!o& 4-# # #l %o!!o /-o/!o, l'ol# %!!%'% l' co-$.& %#7#-#c!' J %# D'!#l l# co3u!&$'-o # &u ju+#$u% l'"-'c!' * * * u#' +olu$'%" %# D'!#l l# co3u!&$'-o # &u ju+#$u% l' "-'c!' * * *u#' +olu$'%" %#l 7uc!o'-!o /''o ' cuo c'-o #&$''* L'& !&'& cu'l!%'%#&c'-'c$#-!9'-o $o%' &u +!%'* R5/!%'#$# '&c#%! 'l /u#&$o %# /-!#- !!&$-o %#l-#!o* Du-'$# #l -#!'%o %# o'-c'& &uc#&!+o&, cu'%o c' l' 'c! &##&$'l#c! u -#!o -!+'l, &u &'!%u-' &u& co%!c!o#& %# #&$'%!&$' 7u#-o $'l#&, $'/#-7#c$o& &u $'c$o, &u co-$#&', l' o%'% '$u-'l %# &u co-'9, co!'%o& co &u4%#l!%'% ' lo& u#o& /-!c!/!o&, 3u# '&$' &u& ##!o& &# +!#-o ol!'%o& ' co7#&'-

3u# "o /o%' 'll'- oc'&! 'lu' o 7'l$', /o-3u# .l #-' 4#l"*"o /o%' 'll'- oc'&!'lu' o 7'l$', /o-3u# .l #-' 4#l"*D'* : K*< (No$': D'* : K*<)

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V ' 1@ #MBRE$ LE&LE$ * #'R&%#$

8o- &u &'!%u-' &u ju&$!c!', /o- l' /u-#9' l' o%'% %# &u& +!%'& %!'-!'&, /o- &u%#+oc! ' lo& !$#-#&#& %#l /u#lo, 'u3u# #-' !%l'$-', =o&. D'!#l %#o&$-'-o &#-4#l#& ' lo& /-!c!/!o& %# l' #%uc'c! -#c!!%' # &u !#9, 4#l#& ' A3u#l %# 3u!# #-'-#/-#&#$'$#&* E&$o& o-#& 7u#-o o-'%o& /o- l' 'c! #$#-' $'$o # E!/$ocoo # B'!lo!'* U /u#lo /''o $o%'& l'& 'c!o#& co l'& cu'l#& #&$''-#l'c!o'%o&, co$#/l'-o # #llo& u' !lu&$-'c! %# l' o%'% l' ##+ol#c!' %#D!o&, u' !lu&$-'c! %#l 'o- %# C-!&$o*



u. +oc'c! l' %# #&$o& ol#& #-#o&P Al %#&/#%!-&# %#l o'- %# &u !7'c!',%!7c!l#$# /u%!#-o '#- &o'%o co #l #l#+'%o %#&$!o 3u# l#& #&/#-''* Su'$u-'l#9' 4#l 4-# &# #$-# ' l' %!-#cc! %!+!' /'-' 3u# D!o& /u%!#&# cu/l!- &u/-o/&!$o /o- #%!o %# #llo&*

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E& #c#&'-!o !culc'- # lo& j+##& l' +#-%'% %# 3u# &u& %o#& o l#& /#-$##c#* L'7u#-9', #l $!#/o, #l !$#l#c$o, o &o &!o $#&o-o& /-#&$'%o&* 8#-$##c# ' D!o&, $o%o

jo+# %##-' -#&ol+#-&# ' %'-l#& #l u&o 5& #l#+'%o> .l #& u' -'' %# l' cu'l D!o&#&/#-' 7-u$o> u 'o-%oo cuo c'/!$'l %## /-o%uc!- %!+!%#%o&> u' lu9 /'-'!lu!'- l' o&cu-!%'% %#l u%o*

To%o jo+# $o%o !o $!## u' o-' 3u# 'c#- /'-' l' o-' %# D!o& l' #l#+'c! #l' u'!%'%*

ELI$E#( FIEL E' L&$ C#$&$ PE+)E,&$

Lo& /-!#-o& 'o& %# l' #6!&$#c!' %#l /-o7#$' El!&#o $-'&cu--!#-o # l' 3u!#$u% %# l'+!%' c'/#&$-# 'jo l' #&#'9' %# D!o& l' '$u-'l#9', l' %!&c!/l!' %#l $-''jo $!l*E u' ./oc' %# '/o&$'&' c'&! u!+#-&'l, l' 7'!l!' %# &u /'%-# &# co$'' #$-# lo& 3u#o '' %ol'%o l' -o%!ll' '$# B''l* E #&# o'- &# o-'' ' D!o&, l' 4%#l!%'% 'l%##- #-' l' o-' %# l' +!%' %!'-!'*

Coo !jo %# u -!co '-!cul$o-, El!&#o '' #c'%o 'o %#l $-''jo 3u# $#' 5&c#-c'* Au3u# /o&#' '/$!$u%#& /'-' %!-!!- ' lo& o-#&, &# lo !&$-u # lo& %##-#&cou#& %# l' +!%'* A 4 %# %!-!!- &'!'#$#, %#' '/-#%#- ' o#%#c#-* L' 4%#l!%'%# l'& co&'& /#3u#'& lo /-#/'- /'-' ll#+'- -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 'o-#&*

Au3u# #-' %c!l '&o, El!&#o /o&#' $'!. ##-' 4-#9'* A-!'' #l 'o- #l $#o- %# D!o&, %# l' u!l%# -u$!' %#l $-''jo %!'-!o o$u+o 7u#-9' %# /-o/&!$o ol#9' %# c'-5c$#-, c-#c! # l' -'c!' #l cooc!!#$o %!+!o&* M!#$-'& coo/#-''co &u /'%-# # lo& $-''jo& %#l o'-, '/-#%' ' coo/#-'- co D!o&*

El!&#o -#c!! #l ll''%o /-o7.$!co !#$-'& '-'' #l c'/o, co lo& c-!'%o& %# &u /'%-#*Cu'%o El'&, %!-!!%o %!+!'#$# # l' #l#cc! %# u &uc#&o-, #c &u '$o &o-# lo&o-o& %#l jo+#, El!&#o -#cooc! o#%#c! l' o-%#* " 7u# $-'& El'&, l# &#-+'"*"7u# $-'& El'&, l# &#-+'"*1 R#* 1: 21*<J (No$': 1 R#* 1: 21*<No 7u# -'%# #l $-''jo3u# 'l /-!c!/!o &# #6!! %# El!&#o> l'& ol!'c!o#& cou#& &#u' co&$!$u#%o &u%!&c!/l!'* S# %!c# 3u# .l +#-$' 'u' # l'& 'o& %# El'&, &u '#&$-o* Coo 'u%'$#



/#-&o'l %#l /-o7#$', &!u! &!#%o 4#l # l'& co&'& /#3u#'&, 'l /'- 3u# co u/-o/&!$o 3u# &# 7o-$'l#c' %!'-!'#$# &# co&'-'' ' l' !&! 3u# l# '' &!%o'&!'%' /o- D!o&*)

"Cu'%o -#c!! #l ll''%o, &# /u&o ' /-u#' &u -#&oluc!* Al +ol+#-&# /'-' &#u!- 'El'&, #l /-o7#$' l# %!jo 3u# -#-#&'-' ' &u c'&'* D#' c'lcul'- #l co&$o, %#c!%!- /o- &!&o &! '' %# 'c#/$'- o -#c'9'- #l ll''!#$o* 8#-o El!&#o co/-#%! #l +'lo- %#&u o/o-$u!%'%* 8o- !u' +#$'j' u%''l u!#-' %#j'%o /'&'- l' /o&!!l!%'% %#

ll#'- ' &#- #&'j#-o %# D!o&, o u!#&# &'c-!4c'%o #l /-!+!l#!o %# '&oc!'-&# co &u&!#-+o*"S ' 20@ Al $-'&cu--!- #l $!#/o #&$'- /-#/'-'%o El'& /'-' l' $-'&l'c!, $'!. El!&#o

#&$'' l!&$o /'-' &#- &u &uc#&o-* Nu#+'#$# 7u#-o /-o'%'& &u 7# &u -#&oluc!*M!#$-'& 'co/''' ' El'& # &u !-' %# &#-+!c!o, &'!#%o 3u# l' $-'&l'c! %#l/-o7#$' #&$'' /-6!', .&$# # $o%o& lo& lu'-#& lo !+!$'' ' 3u# &# +ol+!#-'* "u.%'$#'o-' '3u Al $-'&cu--!- #l $!#/o #&$'- /-#/'-'%o El'& /'-' l' $-'&l'c!, $'!.El!&#o #&$'' l!&$o /'-' &#- &u &uc#&o-* Nu#+'#$# 7u#-o /-o'%'& &u 7# &u-#&oluc!* M!#$-'& 'co/''' ' El'& # &u !-' %# &#-+!c!o, &'!#%o 3u# l'$-'&l'c! %#l /-o7#$' #&$'' /-6!', .&$# # $o%o& lo& lu'-#& lo !+!$'' ' 3u# &#+ol+!#-'* "u.%'$# 'o-' '3u %#c' El'& /o-3u# =#o+5 # ' #+!'%o ' B#$#l"*/o-3u# =#o+5 # ' #+!'%o ' B#$#l"*2 R#* 2: 2*< 8#-o 'l '#j'- #l '-'%o, El!&#o

'' '/-#%!%o ' o c#%#- ! %#&'!'-&#, #$oc#&, 'l /o#- l' 'o # #l '-'%o #o$-o -'o %# $-''jo, o 3u#-' 3u# '%!# lo %#&+!'-' %# &u /-o/&!$o* T' /-o$o coo&# l# %#c' 3u# &# +ol+!#-', -#&/o%': (No$': 2 R#* 2: 2*< 8#-o 'l '#j'- #l '-'%o,El!&#o '' '/-#%!%o ' o c#%#- ! %#&'!'-&#, #$oc#&, 'l /o#- l' 'o # #l'-'%o # o$-o -'o %# $-''jo, o 3u#-' 3u# '%!# lo %#&+!'-' %# &u /-o/&!$o* T'/-o$o coo &# l# %#c' 3u# &# +ol+!#-', -#&/o%':)

"V!+# =#o+5, +!+# $u 'l', 3u# o $# %#j'-."*"V!+# =#o+5, +!+# $u 'l', 3u# o $#%#j'-."*2 R# 2: 2*< (No$': 2 R# 2: 2*<)

"Fu#-o, /u#&, 'o&* * * #llo& %o& &# /'-'-o ju$o 'l =o-%5* To'%o #$oc#& El'&&u '$o, lo %ol, ol/# l'& 'u'&, l'& cu'l#& &# '/'-$'-o ' uo ' o$-o l'%o,

/'&'-o 'o& /o- lo &#co* Cu'%o '' /'&'%o, El'& %!jo ' El!&#o: 8!%# lo " 3u#3u!#-'& 3u# '' /o- $!, '$#& 3u# o &#' 3u!$'%o %# $!* %!jo El!&#o: T# -u#o 3u# u'%ol# /o-c! %# $u #&/-!$u &#' &o-# * El l# %!jo: Co&' %!7c!l '& /#%!%o* S! # +!#-#&cu'%o 7u#-# 3u!$'%o %# $!, $# &#-5 #co '&> '& &! o, o* 'co$#c! 3u# #%o #llo& 'l'%o, # '3u u c'--o %# 7u#o co c''llo& %# 7u#o '/'-$ ' lo& %o&> El'&&u! 'l c!#lo # u $o-#ll!o*"

ELI$E#( $)CE$#R %E EL-&$

"V!.%olo El!&#o, cl''': 8'%-# o, /'%-# o, c'--o %# I&-'#l &u #$# %# ' c''lloP uc' 5& l# +!o> $o'%o &u& +#&$!%o&, lo& -o/! # %o& /'-$#&* Al9 lu#o #l

'$o %# El'& 3u# &# l# '' c'%o, +ol+!, &# /'- ' l' o-!ll' %#l =o-%5* $o'%o#l '$o %# El'& 3u# &# l# '' c'%o, ol/# l'& 'u'&, %!jo: GD%# #&$5 =#o+5, #lD!o& %# El'&H '& 3u# uo ol/#'%o %#l !&o o%o l'& 'u'&, &# '/'-$'-o ' uo ' o$-o l'%o, /'& El!&#o* V!.%ol# lo& !jo& %# lo& /-o7#$'& 3u# #&$'' # =#-!c 'l o$-ol'%o, %!j#-o: El #&/-!$u %# El'& -#/o& &o-# El!&#o* +!!#-o ' -#c!!-l#, &# /o&$-'-o%#l'$# %# .l"*"V!.%olo El!&#o, cl''': 8'%-# o, /'%-# o, c'--o %# I&-'#l &u#$# %# ' c''lloP uc' 5& l# +!o> $o'%o &u& +#&$!%o&, lo& -o/! # %o&/'-$#&* Al9 lu#o #l '$o %# El'& 3u# &# l# '' c'%o, +ol+!, &# /'- ' l' o-!ll'%#l =o-%5* $o'%o #l '$o %# El'& 3u# &# l# '' c'%o, ol/# l'& 'u'&, %!jo:GD%# #&$5 =#o+5, #l D!o& %# El'&H '& 3u# uo ol/#'%o %#l !&o o%o l'&'u'&, &# '/'-$'-o ' uo ' o$-o l'%o, /'& El!&#o* V!.%ol# lo& !jo& %# lo& /-o7#$'&



3u# #&$'' # =#-!c 'l o$-o l'%o, %!j#-o: El #&/-!$u %# El'& -#/o& &o-# El!&#o* +!!#-o ' -#c!!-l#, &# /o&$-'-o %#l'$# %# .l"*2 R#* 2: 1J*< (No$': 2 R#* 2: 1J*<)

"A /'-$!- %# #&# o#$o, El!&#o ocu/ #l lu'- %# El'&* #l 3u# '' &!%o 4#l # lo/oco, %#o&$- &#- 4#l # lo uco*"

"El'&, #l o-# %# /o%#-, '' &!%o !&$-u#$o %# D!o& /'-' +#c#- 'l#&!'$#&co&* '' ''$!%o l' !%ol'$-' 3u#, &o&$#!%' /o- Ac' l' /''' =#9'#l,

'' &#%uc!%o ' l' 'c!* '' %'%o u#-$# ' lo& /-o7#$'& %# B''l* To%o #l /u#lo %#I&-'#l '' &!%o /-o7u%'#$# coo+!%o, uco& +ol+' 'l cul$o %# D!o&* 8'-'&uc#%#- ' El'& &# #c#&!$'' u o-# 3u# /o- #%!o %# u' !&$-ucc! cu!%'%o&' " /'c!#$#, /u%!#-' u!'- ' I&-'#l /o- c'!o& &#u-o&* L' #%uc'c! 3u# -#c!! El!&#o%u-'$# &u& /-!#-o& 'o&, 'jo l' %!-#cc! %# D!o&, lo /-#/'- /'-' #&' o-'*"

L' l#cc! #& /'-' $o%o&* N'%!# /u#%# &'#- cu5l &#-5 #l /-o/&!$o %# l' %!&c!/l!' %#D!o&, /#-o $o%o& /u#%# #&$'- &#u-o& %# 3u# l' 4%#l!%'% # l'& co&'& /#3u#'& #&#+!%#c!' %# l' !%o#!%'% /'-' ll#+'- -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 5& -'%#&* C'%' 'c$o %# l'+!%' #& u' -#+#l'c! %#l c'-5c$#-, &lo '3u#l 3u# # lo& /#3u#o& %##-#&%#u#&$-' &#- "o-#-o 3u# o $!## %# 3u. '+#-o9'-&#"L' l#cc! #& /'-' $o%o&* N'%!#/u#%# &'#- cu5l &#-5 #l /-o/&!$o %# l' %!&c!/l!' %# D!o&, /#-o $o%o& /u#%# #&$'-

&#u-o& %# 3u# l' 4%#l!%'% # l'& co&'& /#3u#'& #& #+!%#c!' %# l' !%o#!%'% /'-'ll#+'- -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 5& -'%#&* C'%' 'c$o %# l' +!%' #& u' -#+#l'c! %#lc'-5c$#-, &lo '3u#l 3u# # lo& /#3u#o& %##-#& %#u#&$-' &#- "o-#-o 3u# o $!##%# 3u. '+#-o9'-&#"2 T!* 2: 1J*<, &#-5 o-'%o /o- D!o& co -#&/o&'!l!%'%#&'o-#&* (No$': 2 T!* 2: 1J*<, &#-5 o-'%o /o- D!o& co -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 'o-#&*)

D ' 21@ M#I$E$( P#%ER#$# P#R L& FE

"Cu'%o 3u#% /-!+'%o %#l cu!%'%o /-o$#c$o- %#l o'- %# &u !7'c!', Mo!&.& #-' #o-3u# =o&. D'!#l , &! #'-o, ' '' 'ol%'%o &u c'-5c$#- lo& !&o&!&$-u#$o& 3u# 'ol%'-o l' +!%' %# '3u.llo&* 8'& &ol'#$# %oc# 'o& co &u/'-#$#l' #-#', /#-o %u-'$# #&# $!#/o /u&o #l c!!#$o %# &u -'%#9' u' /#-&o'

%# 7'' /oco /-#o'%'*"

"=oc'#% #-' uj#- #&cl'+'* Su %#&$!o # l' +!%' #-' u!l%#, &u c'-' /#&'%'* S!#'-o, #l u%o o ' -#c!!%o ##4c!o& 'o-#& #%!'$# !u' o$-' uj#-, co#6c#/c! %# M'-' %# N'9'-#$* S'!#%o 3u# &u !jo '' %# /'&'- /-o$o %# &ucu!%'%o 'l %# lo& 3u# o cooc' ' D!o&, &# #&7o-9 co 5& 7#-+o- ' /'-' u!- &u'l' co #l c!#lo* T-'$ %# !/l'$'- # &u co-'9 #l 'o- l' l#'l$'% ' D!o&* ll#+ 'c'o 4#l#$# #&' o-'* N!u' !?u#c!' /o&$#-!o- /u%o !%uc!- ' Mo!&.& ' -#uc!'-' lo& /-!c!/!o& %# +#-%'% 3u# #-' #l c#$-o %# l' #&#'9' %# &u '%-#* "

"D#l u!l%# o'- %# o&., #l !jo %# =oc'#% /'& 'l /'l'c!o %# lo& 7'-'o#&, 'l

cu!%'%o %# l' /-!c#&' #!/c!' 3u# l# %!o l' !#+#!%' coo ' u !jo ''%o !'%o*Mo!&.& -#c!! # l'& #&cu#l'& %# E!/$o l' 5& #l#+'%' #%uc'c! c!+!l !l!$'-* Do$'%o%# -'%#& '$-'c$!+o& /#-&o'l#&, %# 7o-'& #&$'$u-' ol#&, %# #$# cul$!+'%' /o-$# /-!c!/#&co, -#o-'%o coo j#7# !l!$'-, ll# ' &#- #l o-ullo %# l' 'c!* El-# %# E!/$o #-' $'!. !#-o %#l &'c#-%oc!o, Mo!&.&, 'u3u# &# #'' ' $##-/'-$# # #l cul$o /''o, 7u# !!c!'%o # $o%o& lo& !&$#-!o& %# l' -#l!! #!/c!'* S!#%o' E!/$o # #&# $!#/o l' 'c! 5& /o%#-o&' c!+!l!9'%', Mo!&.&, coo &o#-'o #/#-&/#c$!+', #-' #-#%#-o %# lo& 'o-#& oo-#& 3u# #l u%o l# /o%' o$o-'-* 8#-o &u#l#cc! 7u# 5& ol#* 8o- #l oo- %# D!o& #l l!-'!#$o %# &u /u#lo o/-!!%o,Mo!&.& &'c-!4c lo& oo-#& %# E!/$o* E$oc#& D!o& &# #c'- # u &#$!%o #&/#c!'l%# &u #%uc'c!*"



"Mo!&.& o #&$'' ' /-#/'-'%o /'-' l' o-' %# &u +!%'* To%'+' $#' 3u# '/-#%#- '%#/#%#- %#l /o%#- %!+!o* '' #$#%!%o 'l #l /-o/&!$o %# D!o&* Su #&/#-'9' #-'l!-'- ' I&-'#l /o- l' 7u#-9' %# l'& '-'&* 8'-' #llo, lo '--!#& $o%o, 7-'c'&* D#--o$'%o %#&'l#$'%o, &# $-'&7o- # 7u!$!+o %#&$#--'%o # u /'& #6$-'o*"

E' L& )'IVER$I%&% %EL %E$IER.#

"Mo!&.& /'& cu'-#$' 'o& # lo& %#&!#-$o& %# M'%!5, coo /'&$o- %# o+#j'&*A/'-#$##$# '/'-$'%o /'-' &!#/-# %# l' !&! %# &u +!%', -#c!! l' %!&c!/l!'#&#c!'l /'-' &u -#'l!9'c!* M#%!'$# #l %o!!o /-o/!o, %#' o$##- &'!%u-' /'-'o#-'- u' ul$!$u% !o-'$# # !%!&c!/l!'%o* E #l cu!%'%o %# l'& o+#j'& lo&$!#-o& co-%#-!$o&, %#' o$##- l' #6/#-!#c!' 3u# !' ' co+#-$!-lo # u 4#l " $ol#-'$# 8'&$o- %# I&-'#l* 8'-' ll#'- ' &#- -#/-#&#$'$# %# D!o&, %#' -#c!!-#&#'9' %# .l*"

"L'& !?u#c!'& 3u# lo '' -o%#'%o # E!/$o, #l '7#c$o %# &u '%-# '%o/$!+', &u/o&!c! coo !#$o %#l -#, #l lujo #l +!c!o 3u# '$-'' # !l 7o-'& %!&$!$'&, #l-#4'!#$o, l' &u$!l#9' #l !&$!c!&o %# u' -#l!! 7'l&', '' !/-#&!o'%o &u#$# &u c'-5c$#-* To%o #&$o %#&'/'-#c! # l' 'u&$#-' &#c!ll#9 %#l %#&!#-$o*"

"E #%!o %# l' &ol## 'j#&$'% %# l' &ol#%'% %# l'& o$''&, Mo!&.& &# #co$-&olo co D!o&* 8o- $o%'& /'-$#& #&$'' #&c-!$o #l o-# %#l C-#'%o-* Mo!&.& /'-#c''ll'-&# # &u /-#&#c!', 'jo l' &o-' %# &u /o%#-* All %#&'/'-#c! &u #-#!!#$o*E /-#&#c!' %#l S#- I4!$o &# %!o cu#$' %# lo %.!l, %#4c!#$# co-$o %# +!&! 3u# #&#l o-#*"

All o$u+o Mo!&.& lo 3u# lo 'co/' %u-'$# lo& 'o& %# &u +!%' ll#' %# $-''jo& cu!%'%o&: El &#$!!#$o %# l' /-#&#c!' /#-&o'l %#l S#- D!+!o* No &lo +!o ' $-'+.& %#lo& &!lo& 3u# C-!&$o &#-' '!7#&$'%o # l' c'-#> +!o ' C-!&$o 'co/''%o ' l'&u#&$#& %# I&-'#l # $o%o& &u& +!'j#&* Cu'%o #-' 'l co/-#%!%o o &# $#-!+#-&'' lo3u# .l %#c', cu'%o $#' 3u# 'u'$'- -#/-oc#& # !&ul$o&, 'c#- 7-#$# 'l /#l!-o l'

u#-$#, /o%' &o/o-$'-lo "/o-3u# &# &o&$u+o coo +!#%o 'l I+!&!l#"*All o$u+o Mo!&.&lo 3u# lo 'co/' %u-'$# lo& 'o& %# &u +!%' ll#' %# $-''jo& cu!%'%o&: El&#$!!#$o %# l' /-#&#c!' /#-&o'l %#l S#- D!+!o* No &lo +!o ' $-'+.& %# lo& &!lo&3u# C-!&$o &#-' '!7#&$'%o # l' c'-#> +!o ' C-!&$o 'co/''%o ' l'& u#&$#& %#I&-'#l # $o%o& &u& +!'j#&* Cu'%o #-' 'l co/-#%!%o o &# $#-!+#-&'' lo 3u# .l%#c', cu'%o $#' 3u# 'u'$'- -#/-oc#& # !&ul$o&, 'c#- 7-#$# 'l /#l!-o l'u#-$#, /o%' &o/o-$'-lo "/o-3u# &# &o&$u+o coo +!#%o 'l I+!&!l#"*< (No$': <#* 11:2*)

"Mo!&.& o &lo /#&'' # D!o&, &!o 3u# lo +#'* D!o& #-' l' +!&! co&$'$# 3u# $#'%#l'$# %# &* Nuc' /#-%' %# +!&$' &u -o&$-o*"

"8'-' Mo!&.& l' 7# o #-' u' coj#$u-', &!o u' -#'l!%'%* C-#' 3u# D!o& -#' &u +!%'# /'-$!cul'-, lo -#cooc' # $o%o& &u& %#$'ll#&* Co4'' # .l ' 4 %# o$##- 7u#-9'/'-' -#&!&$!- $o%'& l'& $#$'c!o#&* "

"u#-' o$##- #l 'o- .6!$o /o&!l# # l' o-' 3u# &# l# '' '&!'%o, %#/o&!$''$o%' &u co4'9' # #l /o%#- %!+!o* S#$' &u #c#&!%'% %# 'u%', l' /#%', &# '7#--''' #ll' /o- l' 7#, &#u' '%#l'$# co$'%o co l' &#u-!%'% %# u' 7u#-9' &o&$##%o-'*"

L 10' 22@"T'l 7u# l' #6/#-!#c!' 3u# '%3u!-! Mo!&.& %u-'$# lo& cu'-#$' 'o& %# #%uc'c!



# #l %#&!#-$o* L' &'!%u-' !4!$' o co&!%#- #&$# /#-o%o coo %#'&!'%o l'-o, !coo %#'&!'%o -'%# #l /-#c!o 3u# co&$'' !/'-$!- u' #6/#-!#c!' &##j'$#*"

Lo& -#&ul$'%o& %# #&' #%uc'c!, %# l'& l#cc!o#& 'll #&#'%'&, #&$5 l!'%o&, o &loco l' !&$o-!' %# I&-'#l, &!o co $o%o lo 3u# %#&%# #&# %' '&$' o ' -#&ul$'%o /'-'/-o-#&o %#l u%o* El 'o- $#&$!o!o %'%o 'c#-c' %# l' -'%#9' %# Mo!&.&, #l ju!c!o/-ouc!'%o &o-# &u +!%' /o- l' I&/!-'c!, #&: " uc' 5& &# l#+'$ /-o7#$' #I&-'#l coo Mo!&.&, ' 3u!# '' cooc!%o =#o+5 c'-' ' c'-'"*Lo& -#&ul$'%o& %# #&'

#%uc'c!, %# l'& l#cc!o#& 'll #&#'%'&, #&$5 l!'%o&, o &lo co l' !&$o-!' %#I&-'#l, &!o co $o%o lo 3u# %#&%# #&# %' '&$' o ' -#&ul$'%o /'-' /-o-#&o %#lu%o* El 'o- $#&$!o!o %'%o 'c#-c' %# l' -'%#9' %# Mo!&.&, #l ju!c!o /-ouc!'%o&o-# &u +!%' /o- l' I&/!-'c!, #&: " uc' 5& &# l#+'$ /-o7#$' # I&-'#l cooMo!&.&, ' 3u!# '' cooc!%o =#o+5 c'-' ' c'-'"*D#u$* ;K: 10*< (No$': D#u$* ;K: 10*<)

P&BL#( G#/#$# E' EL $ERVICI#

"A l' 7# l' #6/#-!#c!' %# lo& %!&c/ulo& 'l!l#o& 3u# '' 'co/''%o ' =#&&, &#u!#-o # l' o-' %#l E+'#l!o #l 7oo&o +!o- #l /o%#- !$#l#c$u'l %# u -'!o %#

=#-u&'l.* S!#%o c!u%'%'o -o'o, 'c!%o # u' c!u%'% #$!l> &!#%o ju%o, o &lo/o- '&c#%#c!', &!o /o- #%uc'c!, c#lo /'$-!$!co 7# -#l!!o&' %# $o%' u' +!%'>

'!#%o &!%o #%uc'%o # =#-u&'l. /o- lo& -'!o& 5& #!#$#&, # !&$-u!%o # $o%'&l'& l##& $-'%!c!o#& %# lo& /'%-#&, S'ulo %# T'-&o co/'-$' # $o%' &u !$#&!%'% #lo-ullo lo& /-#ju!c!o& %# &u 'c!* Cu'%o ' #-' jo+#, ll# ' &#- u o-'%o!#-o %#l S'#%-* S# lo $#' /o- o-# /-o!&o-!o, c#lo&o %#7#&o- %# l''$!u' 7#* "

"E l'& #&cu#l'& $#ol!c'& %# =u%#', l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& '' &!%o &u&$!$u!%' /o- l'&#&/#cul'c!o#& u''&> l'& $-'%!c!o#& # !$#-/-#$'c!o#& %# lo& -'!o& l' %#&/oj''%# &u /o%#-* El #-'%#c!!#$o /-o/!o, #l 'o- 'l %o!!o, l' #6clu&!+!%'% c#lo&', #l7''$!&o #l o-ullo %#&/#c$!+o, #-' lo& /-!c!/!o& o$!+o& /-#%o!'$#& %# #&o&'#&$-o&*"

"Lo& -'!o& &# #o-ull#c' %# &u &u/#-!o-!%'%, o &lo &o-# lo& '!$'$#& %# o$-'&'c!o#&, &!o &o-# l'& ul$!$u%#& %# l' &u' /-o/!'* Do!'%o& /o- #l o%!o 'c!' &u&o/-#&o-#& -o'o&, '-!'' l' %#$#-!'c! %# -#co-'- /o- l' 7u#-9' %# l'& '-'&&u &u/-#'c' 'c!o'l* O%!'' %'' u#-$#, ' lo& &#u!%o-#& %# =#&&, cuo#&'j# %# /'9 #-' $' o/u#&$o ' &u& /-o#c$o& '!c!o&o&* # #&$' /#-&#cuc! 8'lo#-' uo %# lo& 5& c-u#l#& # !/l'c'l#& 'c$o-#&*"

"E l'& #&cu#l'& !l!$'-#& %# E!/$o, Mo!&.& '' '/-#%!%o l' l# %# l' 7u#-9', #&$'#&#'9' !?u $'$o # &u c'-5c$#-, 3u# 7u#-o #c#&'-!o& cu'-#$' 'o& %# 3u!#$u% cou! co D!o& l' '$u-'l#9', ' 4 %# /-#/'-'-lo /'-' %!-!!- ' I&-'#l &# #l'o-* 8'lo $u+o 3u# '/-#%#- l' !&' l#cc!*"

"A l'& /u#-$'& %# D''&co, l' +!&! %#l C-uc!4c'%o c'! $o%o #l cu-&o %# &u +!%'* El/#-&#u!%o- &# co+!-$! # %!&c/ulo, #l '#&$-o # 'luo* Lo& %'& %# o&cu-!%'%/'&'%o& # l' &ol#%'%, # D''&co, 7u#-o coo 'o& /'-' &u +!%'* Su #&$u%!o loco&$!$u' l'& E&c-!$u-'& %#l A$!uo T#&$'#$o, '$#&o-'%'& # &u #o-!', C-!&$o#-' &u M'#&$-o* T'!. 7u# /'-' .l u' #&cu#l' l' &ol#%'% %# l' '$u-'l#9'* Fu# 'l%#&!#-$o %# A-'!' /'-' #&$u%!'- l'& E&c-!$u-'& '/-#%#- %# D!o&* L!/! &u 'l' %# lo&/-#ju!c!o& l'& $-'%!c!o#& 3u# '' 'ol%'%o &u +!%' -#c!! !&$-ucc! %# l'Fu#$# %# +#-%'%*"

Su +!%' ul$#-!o- 7u# !&/!-'%' /o- #l /-!c!/!o %# l' '#'c!, #l !!&$#-!o %#l 'o-* "A



-!#o& ' Su +!%' ul$#-!o- 7u# !&/!-'%' /o- #l /-!c!/!o %# l' '#'c!, #l !!&$#-!o%#l 'o-* "A -!#o& ' o -!#o&, ' &'!o& ' o &'!o& o -!#o&, ' &'!o& ' o&'!o& %!jo &o %#u%o-"*&o %#u%o-"*Ro* 1: 1K*< "El 'o- %# C-!&$o o& co&$-!#"*2Co-* J: 1K*<2 Co-* J: 1K*< (No$': Ro* 1: 1K*< "El 'o- %# C-!&$o o& co&$-!#"*)

8'lo, #l 5& -'%# '#&$-o u'o, 'c#/$'' $'$o lo& %##-#& 5& u!l%#& coolo& 5& #l#+'%o&* R#cooc' l' #c#&!%'% %#l $-''jo, $'$o /'-' l'& 'o& coo /'-' l'#$#, %#&#/#'' u o4c!o /'-' '$##-&#* S# %#%!c'' ' l' 7'-!c'c! %#

$!#%'& !#$-'& /-#%!c'' %!'-!'#$# #l E+'#l!o # lo& -'%#& c#$-o& c!+!l!9'%o&*"A$#& +o&o$-o& &'.!& 3u# /'-' lo 3u# # ' &!%o #c#&'-!o ' ' lo& 3u# #&$5co!o 8'lo, #l 5& -'%# '#&$-o u'o, 'c#/$'' $'$o lo& %##-#& 5&u!l%#& coo lo& 5& #l#+'%o&* R#cooc' l' #c#&!%'% %#l $-''jo, $'$o /'-' l'&'o& coo /'-' l' #$#, %#&#/#'' u o4c!o /'-' '$##-&#* S# %#%!c'' ' l'7'-!c'c! %# $!#%'& !#$-'& /-#%!c'' %!'-!'#$# #l E+'#l!o # lo& -'%#&c#$-o& c!+!l!9'%o&* "A$#& +o&o$-o& &'.!& 3u# /'-' lo 3u# # ' &!%o #c#&'-!o ' 'lo& 3u# #&$5 co!o %!jo cu'%o &# %#&/#%' %# lo& 'c!'o& %# E7#&o, #&$'& 'o&# ' &#-+!%o"*, #&$'& 'o& # ' &#-+!%o"*#c* 20: ;K*< (No$': #c* 20: ;K*<)

M 11'

2;@"Al /'- 3u# /o&#' 'l$'& %o$#& !$#l#c$u'l#&, 8'lo -#+#l'' # &u +!%' #l /o%#- %#

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M 12'

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" SE ll''-5 &u o-# A%!-'l#, Co&#j#-o, D!o& 7u#-$#, 8'%-# #$#-o, 8-c!/# %#/'9" (No$': <I&'* : *)

E #l M'#&$-o #+!'%o /o- D!o&, #l c!#lo %!o ' lo& o-#& lo #jo- lo 5& -'%# 3u#$#'* A3u#l 3u# '' #&$'%o # lo& co&#jo& %#l Al$&!o, 3u# '' o-'%o # #l 5&$!o &'$u'-!o %#l E$#-o, 7u# #&co!%o /'-' -#+#l'- /#-&o'l#$# ' l' u'!%'% #lcooc!!#$o %# D!o&*

8o- #%!o %# C-!&$o '' &!%o $-'&!$!%o c'%' -'o %# lu9 %!+!' 3u# '' ll#'%o 'u#&$-o u%o c'%o* El '' &!%o 3u!# 'l /o- #%!o %# $o%o '3u#l 3u# # #l$-'&cu-&o %# lo& &!lo& %#cl'- l' /'l'-' %# D!o& 'l o-#* To%'& l'& #6c#l#c!'&'!7#&$'%'& # l'& 'l'& 5& ol#& -'%#& %# l' $!#--', #-' -#?#jo& &uo&* L'/u-#9' l' o%'% %# =o&., l' 7#, l' '&#%u-# l' $ol#-'c!' %# Mo!&.&, l' 4-#9'%# El!&#o, l' ol# !$#-!%'% l' 4-#9' %# D'!#l, #l '-%o- l' '#'c! %# 8'lo, #l



/o%#- #$'l #&/!-!$u'l '!7#&$'%o # $o%o& #&$o& o-#&, # $o%o& lo& %#5&3u# 'lu' +#9 +!+!#-o # l' $!#--', o #-' 5& 3u# %#&$#llo& %#l #&/l#%o- %# &ulo-!'* E .l &# 'll'' #l !%#'l /#-7#c$o*

C-!&$o +!o 'l u%o /'-' -#+#l'- #&$# !%#'l coo #l !co +#-%'%#-o l'co %#u#&$-o& #&7u#-9o&> /'-' o&$-'- lo 3u# $o%o &#- u'o %#!#-' &#-> lo 3u# ll#'-' '&#- /o- #%!o %# l' o-'%' %# l' K" %!+!!%'% # l' u'!%'% $o%o& lo& 3u# lo-#c!!#-'* V!o ' o&$-'- %# 3u. '#-' %## &#- #%uc'%o& lo& o-#& coo

co+!## ' !jo& %# D!o&> co %## /-'c$!c'- # l' $!#--' lo& /-!c!/!o&, +!+!- l' +!%'%#l c!#lo*"

"El 'o- %o %# D!o& 7u# o$o-'%o /'-' -#&/o%#- ' l' 'o- #c#&!%'% %#l o-#* L'lu9 '/'-#c! cu'%o l' o&cu-!%'% %#l u%o #-' 5& !$#&'* 'c' uco 3u#, ' c'u&'%# l'& #&#'9'& 7'l&'&, l'& #$#& %# lo& o-#& '' &!%o '/'-$'%'& %# D!o&* Elo& &!&$#'& /-#%o!'$#& %# #%uc'c!, l' 4lo&o7' u'' '' &u&$!$u!%o ' l'-#+#l'c! %!+!'* E +#9 %# l' o-' %# +#-%'% %'%' /o- #l c!#lo, lo& o-#& '''c#/$'%o u' o-' %# &u /-o/!' !+#c!* S# '' '/'-$'%o %# l' Lu9 %# l' +!%',/'-' '%'- ' l' lu9 %#l 7u#o 3u# #llo& !&o& '' #c#%!%o*"

"'!.%o&# &#/'-'%o %# D!o&, &!#%o &u !c' co4'9' #l /o%#- u'o, &u 7u#-9'

o #-' o$-' co&' &!o %#!l!%'%* N! &!3u!#-' #-' c'/'c#& %# 'lc'9'- l' o-'#&$'l#c!%' /o- #llo& !&o&* L' 7'l$' %# +#-%'%#-' #6c#l#c!' #-' &u/l!%' /o- l''/'-!#c!' l' #-' /-o7#&! %# 7#* L' '/'-!#c!' -##/l'9'' ' l' -#'l!%'%*"

D# +#9 # cu'%o &# l#+'$'' '#&$-o& 3u# %!-!' l' '$#c! %# lo& o-#& ' l'Fu#$# %# l' +#-%'%* S# #uc!'' /-!c!/!o& -#c$o& '' +!%'& u''& 3u# %''$#&$!o!o %# &u /o%#-* 8#-o #&$o& #&7u#-9o& o 'c' !/-#&! %u-'%#-'* S# /-o%uc'u' -#+# -#/-#&! %# l' co--!#$# %#l 'l, /#-o o &# %#$#' &u cu-&o %#&c#%#$#*Lo& -#7o-'%o-#& #-' coo luc#& 3u# -!ll'' # ' o&cu-!%'%, /#-o o l' /o%'%!&!/'-* El u%o ''' "5& l'& $!!#l'& 3u# l' lu9"*D# +#9 # cu'%o &# l#+'$'''#&$-o& 3u# %!-!' l' '$#c! %# lo& o-#& ' l' Fu#$# %# l' +#-%'%*

V 1K'

2@ S# #uc!'' /-!c!/!o& -#c$o& '' +!%'& u''& 3u# %'' $#&$!o!o %# &u

/o%#-* 8#-o #&$o& #&7u#-9o& o 'c' !/-#&! %u-'%#-'* S# /-o%uc' u' -#+#-#/-#&! %# l' co--!#$# %#l 'l, /#-o o &# %#$#' &u cu-&o %#&c#%#$#* Lo&-#7o-'%o-#& #-' coo luc#& 3u# -!ll'' # ' o&cu-!%'%, /#-o o l' /o%' %!&!/'-* Elu%o ''' "5& l'& $!!#l'& 3u# l' lu9"*< (No$': <=u' ;: 1*)

"Cu'%o C-!&$o +!o ' l' $!#--', l' u'!%'% /'-#c' u /-6!' ' ll#'- ' &u 5& 'jo!+#l* El !&o c!!#$o %# l' &oc!#%'% #&$'' !'%o* L' " +!%' '' ll#'%o ' &#-7'l&' '-$!4c!'l* Lo& ju%o&, %#&$!$u!%o& %#l /o%#- %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&, %'' 'l u%o$-'%!c!o#& #&/#cul'c!o#& 3u# '%o-#c' l' #$# #l 'l'* El cul$o %# D!o& "##&/-!$u # +#-%'%" '' &!%o &u/l'$'%o /o- l' lo-!4c'c! %#l o-# # u' -o%'!$#-!'l# %# c#-#o!'& c-#'%'& /o- .&$#* E #l u%o, $o%o& lo& &!&$#'& -#l!!o&o&

/#-%' &u !?u#c!' &o-# l' #$# #l 'l'* '-$o& %# 75ul'& #$!-'&, %#&#o&o&%# 'o'- &u /#&'!#$o, lo& o-#& &# +ol+!#-o 'c!' l' !c-#%ul!%'% #l'$#-!'l!&o* Al #6clu!- %# &u& c5lculo& l' #$#-!%'%, +!+' /'-' #l /-#&#$#*

A #%!%' 3u# %#j'' %# -#cooc#- 'l S#- %!+!o, %#j'' %# $##- co&!%#-'c! /o- #l&#- u'o* L' +#-%'%, #l oo-, l' !$#-!%'%, l' co4'9', l' co/'&!, !'''%o'%o l' $!#--'* L' '+'-!c!' !/l'c'l# l' '!c! '&o-#$# c-#'' u'%#&co4'9' u!+#-&'l* L' !%#' %#l %##-, %# l'& ol!'c!o#& %# l' 7u#-9' 'c!' l'%#!l!%'%, %# l' %!!%'% lo& %#-#co& u'o&, #-' %#&#c'%' coo &u#o o 75ul'*Al /u#lo co &# lo co&!%#-'' coo #&$!'& %# c'-', coo !&$-u#$o& o#&c'lo#& /'-' lo-'- lo 3u# &# '!c!o''* S# u&c'' coo #l 'o- !# l'



-!3u#9', #l /o%#-, l' coo%!%'% lo& /l'c#-#&* L' %###-'c! 7&!c', #l &o/o- #$'l l' u#-$# #&/!-!$u'l #-' l'& c'-'c$#-&$!c'& %# l' ./oc'*

A #%!%' 3u# l'& /'&!o#& lo& /-o/&!$o& 'lo& %# lo& o-#& #l!!'' ' D!o& %#&u& /#&'!#$o&, #&# ol+!%o lo& !cl!'' c'%' +#9 co 5& 7u#-9' 'l 'l* El co-'93u# ''' #l /#c'%o +#&$' co &u& '$-!u$o& ' D!o&, #&$# coc#/$o 7o-$'l#c' #l /o%#-%#l /#c'%o* R#&u#l$o& ' co/l'c#-&# ' & !&o&, lo& o-#& ll#'-o ' co&!%#-'- 'D!o& coo &##j'$# ' #llo&, #& %#c!-, coo u S#- cu' #$' #-' l' lo-!4c'c! %#l o,

cu'& #6!#c!'& -#&/o%' ' &u /-o/!o /l'c#-> u S#- 3u# #l#+'' o ''$' ' lo&o-#& &# .&$o& co$-!u#-' ' l' -#'l!9'c! %# &u /-o/&!$o #o&$', o loo&$-u#&#* L'& cl'&#& 5& 'j'& co&!%#-'' 3u# #l S#- &u/-#o %!7#-' /oco %# &u&o/-#&o-#&, ' #6c#/c! %# 3u# lo& &o-#/uj'' # /o%#-* E&$'& !%#'& l# %'' &u ol%#' $o%' '!7#&$'c! -#l!!o&'* C'%' u' %# #ll'& #-' u &!&$#' %# #6$o-&!* Lo&'%o-'%o-#& $-'$'' %# co-'c!'-&# co l' D#!%'% /o- #%!o %# o7-#%'& c#-#o!'&,co #l 4 %# '&#u-'-&# &u 7'+o- /'-' #l lo-o %# &u& /-o/!o& 4#&* U' -#l!! 3u# o#j#-c' /o%#- &o-# #l co-'9 ! l' coc!#c!', &# -#%uc' ' u' &#-!# %# c#-#o!'&, %#l'& cu'l#& #l o-# &# c'&'' %#&#'' l!#-'-&#, ' o &#- /o- l'& +#$'j'& 3u# /o%'o7-#c#-* D# #&# o%o #l 'l, 'l o &#- -#7-#'%o, 'u#$'', !#$-'& %!&!u' #l'/-#c!o %#l !# #l %#&#o %# /-'c$!c'-lo* Lo& o-#& /#-%!#-o l' !'# %# D!o& -#c!!#-o #l &#llo %#l /o%#- %#o'co 3u# lo& %o!''* To%o #l u%o &# !'

co+!-$!#%o # u &u!%#-o %# co--u/c!*

Slo '' u' #&/#-'9' /'-' l' #&/#c!# u'', .&$' #-' 3u# &# /u&!#-' u#+'l#+'%u-' # #&' '&' %# #l##$o& %!&co-%'$#& co--u/$o&> 3u# &# !$-o%uj#&# # l'u'!%'% #l /o%#- %# u' +!%' u#+'> 3u# &# -#&$'u-'&# # #l u%o #l cooc!!#$o%# D!o&*

C-!&$o +!o /'-' -#&$'u-'- #&# cooc!!#$o* V!o /'-' /o#- ' u l'%o l' #&#'9'7'l&' #%!'$# l' cu'l lo& 3u# %#c' cooc#- ' D!o& lo '' %#&4u-'%o* V!o ''!7#&$'- l' '$u-'l#9' %# &u l#, ' -#+#l'- # &u c'-5c$#- l' #ll#9' %# l' &'$!%'%*

C-!&$o +!o 'l u%o co #l 'o- 'cuul'%o %# $o%' l' #$#-!%'%* Al #l!!'- l'&

#6!#c!'& 3u# 'c' -'+o&' l' l# %# D!o&, %#o&$- 3u# #& u' l# %# 'o-, u'#6/-#&! %# l' o%'% %!+!'* D#o&$- 3u# l' o#%!#c!' ' &u& /-!c!/!o& #$-'' l'7#l!c!%'% %# l' u'!%'%, co #ll' l' #&$'!l!%'%, #l !&o c!!#$o l' #&$-uc$u-' %#l' &oc!#%'%*

L#jo& %# co$##- -#3u!&!$o& '-!$-'-!o&, l' l# %# D!o& &# %' ' lo& o-#& coo c#-co o#&cu%o* El 3u# 'c#/$' &u& /-!c!/!o& #& /-#&#-+'%o %#l 'l* L' 4%#l!%'% ' D!o& #$-''4%#l!%'% 'l o-#* D# #&# o%o l' l# /-o$## lo& %#-#co& l' !%!+!%u'l!%'% %# c'%'&#- u'o* 8-o# 'l &u/#-!o- o/-!!-, 'l &u'l$#-o %#&o#%#c#-* A&#u-' #l!##&$'- %#l o-#, $'$o /'-' #&$# u%o coo /'-' #l +#!%#-o* 8'-' #l o#%!#$##& l' '-'$' %# l' +!%' #$#-', /o-3u# #6/-#&' lo& /-!c!/!o& 3u# /#-'#c# /'-'

&!#/-#*C-!&$o +!o ' %#o&$-'- #l +'lo- %# lo& /-!c!/!o& %!+!o& /o- #%!o %# l' -#+#l'c! %# &u/o%#- /'-' -###-'- ' l' #&/#c!# u''* V!o ' #&#'- co &# %## %#&'--oll'- '/l!c'- #&o& /-!c!/!o&*

S 1J'

2@ 8'-' #l /u#lo %# #&' ./oc', #l +'lo- %# $o%'& l'& co&'& lo %#$#-!'' l''/'-!#c!' #6$#-!o-* Al /#-%#- &u /o%#-, l' -#l!! '' 'u#$'%o &u /o/'* Lo&#%uc'%o-#& %# l' ./oc' $-'$'' %# !/o#- -#&/#$o /o- #%!o %# l' o&$#$'c! #l7'u&$o* Co/'-'%' co $o%o #&$o, l' +!%' %# C-!&$o #&$'l#c' u '-c'%o co$-'&$#*8o' # #+!%#c!' l' 7'l$' %# +'lo- %# l'& co&'& 3u# lo& o-#& co&!%#-'' coo



#&#c!'l#& /'-' l' +!%'* Al 'c#- # #l '!#$# 5& $o&co, 'l co/'-$!- u o'- u'+!%' u!l%#& l' ocu/'c! %# u '-$#&'o, 'l +!+!- u' +!%' o&cu-' # !%#$!4c'-&# colo& $-''j'%o-#& %#&cooc!%o& %#l u%o, =#&& &!u! #l /l' %!+!o -#l'$!+o ' l'#%uc'c!* No u&c l'& #&cu#l'& %# &u $!#/o, 3u# '!4c'' l'& co&'& /#3u#'& #/#3u##c' l'& -'%#&* O$u+o &u #%uc'c! %!-#c$'#$# %# l'& 7u#$#& !%!c'%'&/o- #l c!#lo, %#l $-''jo $!l, %#l #&$u%!o %# l'& E&c-!$u-'& l' '$u-'l#9', %# l'&+!c!&!$u%#& %# l' +!%', 3u# co&$!$u# lo& l!-o& %# $#6$o %# D!o&, ll#o& %# !&$-ucc!/'-' $o%o& lo& 3u# lo& u&c' co 'o& %!&/u#&$'&, ojo& '!#-$o& co-'9

co/-#&!+o*" #l !o c-#c' &# 7o-$'l#c', &# ll#'' %# &'!%u-'> l' -'c!' %# D!o& #-' &o-#.l" 8-#/'-'%o %# #&$' '#-', &'l! /'-' cu/l!- &u !&!, # $o%o o#$o 3u##&$u+o # -#l'c! co lo& o-#& #j#-c! &o-# #llo& u' !?u#c!' /'-' #%#c!-, u/o%#- /'-' $-'&7o-'- 3u# #l u%o o '' cooc!%o uc'* (No$': <Luc* 2: K0*)

El 3u# $-'$' %# $-'&7o-'- ' l' u'!%'%, %## co/-#%#- ' l' u'!%'%* Solo /o-l' &!/'$', l' 7# #l 'o-, /u#%# &#- 'lc'9'%o& #l#+'%o& lo& o-#&* E #&$oC-!&$o &# -#+#l' coo #l M'#&$-o %# lo& '#&$-o&: D# $o%o& lo& 3u# 'lu' +#9 +!+!#-'# l' $!#--', .l &lo /o&## u' /#-7#c$' co/-#&! %#l 'l' u''*

"8o-3u# o $##o& u &uo &'c#-%o$# M'#&$-o %# lo& '#&$-o&, /o-3u# lo& &'c#-%o$#&#-' '#&$-o& 3u# o /u#%' co/'%#c#-&# %# u#&$-'& %#!l!%'%#&, &!o uo 3u# 7u#$#$'%o # $o%o &# u#&$-' &##j'9'"* (No$': <#* K: 1J*)

"8u#& # cu'$o .l !&o /'%#c! &!#%o $#$'%o, #& /o%#-o&o /'-' &oco--#- ' lo& 3u#&o $#$'%o&"* (No$': <#* 2: 1*)

C-!&$o #& #l !co 3u# #6/#-!#$ $o%'& l'& /#'& $#$'c!o#& 3u# &o-#+!## ' lo&&#-#& u'o&* Nuc' 7u# $' 4#-'#$# /#-&#u!%o /o- l' $#$'c! o$-o &#- 'c!%o %#uj#-> uc' ll#+ o$-o l' c'-' $' /#&'%' %# lo& /#c'%o& %olo-#& %#l u%o* Nuc'uo o$-o cu' &!/'$' 7u#-' $' ''-c'$# $!#-'* '!#%o /'-$!c!/'%o %# $o%o lo3u# #6/#-!#$' l' #&/#c!# u'', o &lo /o%' co%ol#-&# %# $o%o #l 3u# #&$u+!#-'

'-u'%o $#$'%o # l' luc', &!o 3u# &#$' co .l*

8-'c$!c'' lo 3u# #&#''* "8o-3u# #j#/lo o& # %'%o %!jo ' lo& %!&c/ulo&, /'-' 3u#coo o o& # #co, +o&o$-o& $'!. '5!&"* "A& coo o # u'-%'%o lo&'%'!#$o& %# ! /'%-#"*< A&, l'& /'l'-'& %# C-!&$o $u+!#-o # &u +!%' u'!lu&$-'c! u '/oo /#-7#c$'&* 5& ', .l #-' lo 3u# #&#''* Su& /'l'-'& o&lo #-' l' #6/-#&! %# l' #6/#-!#c!' %# &u /-o/!' +!%', &!o %# &u /-o/!o c'-5c$#-* No&lo #&# l' +#-%'%> .l #-' l' +#-%'%* E&o 7u# lo 3u# %!o /o%#- ' &u #&#'9'* (No$':lo 3u# #&#''* Su& /'l'-'& o &lo #-' l' #6/-#&! %# l' #6/#-!#c!' %# &u /-o/!'+!%', &!o %# &u /-o/!o c'-5c$#-* No &lo #&# l' +#-%'%> .l #-' l' +#-%'%* E&o 7u# lo3u# %!o /o%#- ' &u #&#'9'*)

"C-!&$o -#/-#%' 4#l#$#* Nuc' +!+! o$-o 3u# o%!'-' $'$o #l 'l, ! cu'&'cu&'c!o#& 7u#&# $' $#--!l#&* Su !&' /-#&#c!' #-' u -#/-oc# /'-' $o%o lo 7'l&o lo 'jo* A l' lu9 %# &u /u-#9', lo& o-#& +#l' 3u# #-' !/u-o&, 3u# #l /-o/&!$o%# &u +!%' #-' %#&/-#c!'l# 7'l&o* S! #'-o, .l lo& '$-''* El 3u# '' c-#'%o 'lo-#, '/-#c!'' #l +'lo- %# l' u'!%'%* D#l'$'' 'l 'l coo ##!o %# '3u#llo&' 3u!##& $-'$'' %# #%#c!- &'l+'-* E $o%o &#- u'o, cu'l3u!#-' 7u#-' #l !+#l 'lcu'l u!#&# c'%o, +#' ' u !jo %# D!o&, 3u# /o%' -#co-'- #l /-!+!l#!o %# &u -#l'c!%!+!'*"

"8o-3u# o #+! D!o& ' &u !jo 'l u%o /'-' co%#'- 'l u%o, &!o /'-' 3u# #l



u%o &#' &'l+o /o- .l"*"8o-3u# o #+! D!o& ' &u !jo 'l u%o /'-' co%#'- 'lu%o, &!o /'-' 3u# #l u%o &#' &'l+o /o- .l"*< Al co$#/l'- ' lo& o-#& &u!%o&# #l &u7-!!#$o l' %#-'%'c!, C-!&$o /#-c!! 3u#, %o%# &lo &# +#' %#&#&/#-'c! -u!', '' o$!+o& %# #&/#-'9'* Do%#3u!#-' #6!&$!#-' u' &#&'c! %# #c#&!%'%,.l +#' u' o/o-$u!%'% %# #l#+'c!* R#&/o%' ' l'& 'l'& $#$'%'&, %#--o$'%'&, 3u#&# &#$' /#-%!%'&, ' /u$o %# /#-#c#-, o co 'cu&'c!, &!o co #%!c!* (No$': <Al co$#/l'- ' lo& o-#& &u!%o& # #l &u7-!!#$o l' %#-'%'c!, C-!&$o /#-c!!3u#, %o%# &lo &# +#' %#&#&/#-'c! -u!', '' o$!+o& %# #&/#-'9'*

Do%#3u!#-' #6!&$!#-' u' &#&'c! %# #c#&!%'%, .l +#' u' o/o-$u!%'% %##l#+'c!* R#&/o%' ' l'& 'l'& $#$'%'&, %#--o$'%'&, 3u# &# &#$' /#-%!%'&, ' /u$o%# /#-#c#-, o co 'cu&'c!, &!o co #%!c!*)

"L'& !#'+#$u-'9'& co&$!$u#-o &u &'lu%o /'-' $o%' l' 7'!l!' u''* Alco$#/l'- l' +'&$' ul$!$u% -#u!%' /'-' #&cuc'- #l S#- %#l Mo$#, /'-#c! ol+!%'-/o- #l o#$o 3u# o &# 'll'' # #l c!#lo, u& #l &'lu%o 7'!l!'- %#l u%o %# l'lu9* D# &u& l'!o& -o$'-o #%!c!o#& coo %# u ''$!'l /o- l'-o $!#/oo&$-u!%o*"

D 1'

2@ A/'-$5%o&# %# lo& '!c!o&o& #-#%o& 7'+o-!$o& %# #&$# u%o, %#cl'- 3u#&#-' #%#c!%o& lo& 3u#, 'u3u# 7u#-' -'%# &u #c#&!%'%, -#c!!#&# &u lu9 &u

'o-* T#%! &u& -'9o& ' lo& A/'-$5%o&# %# lo& '!c!o&o& #-#%o& 7'+o-!$o& %##&$# u%o, %#cl'- 3u# &#-' #%#c!%o& lo& 3u#, 'u3u# 7u#-' -'%# &u #c#&!%'%,-#c!!#&# &u lu9 &u 'o-* T#%! &u& -'9o& ' lo& 0 /o-#& # #&/-!$u, '?!!%o&,/#-&#u!%o&, %!c!#%o: "V#!% ' * * * o o& '-. %#&c'&'-"* /o-#& # #&/-!$u,'?!!%o&, /#-&#u!%o&, %!c!#%o: "V#!% ' * * * o o& '-. %#&c'&'-"*< (No$': <M'$*11: 2*)

E c'%' &#- u'o /#-c!' /o&!!l!%'%#& !4!$'&* V#' ' lo& o-#& &# /o%-'&#- $-'&4u-'%o& /o- &u -'c!', # "l' lu9 %# =#o+5 u#&$-o D!o&"*E c'%' &#- u'o/#-c!' /o&!!l!%'%#& !4!$'&* V#' ' lo& o-#& &# /o%-' &#- $-'&4u-'%o& /o-&u -'c!', # "l' lu9 %# =#o+5 u#&$-o D!o&"*S'l* 0: 1* Al !-'-lo& co #&/#-'9',!&/!-'' #&/#-'9'* Al &'lu%'-lo& co co4'9', !&/!-'' co4'9'* Al -#+#l'- # &

!&o #l +#-%'%#-o !%#'l %#l o-#, %#&/#-$'' #l %#&#o l' 7# %# o$##-lo* E &u/-#&#c!', l'& 'l'& %#&/-#c!'%'& c'%'& &# /#-c'$'' %# 3u# ' #-' &#-#&u'o&, '#l'' %#o&$-'- 3u# #-' %!'& %# &u co&!%#-'c!* E 5& %# uco-'9 3u# /'-#c' u#-$o ' $o%'& l'& co&'& &'$'&, &# %#&/#-$'-o u#+o& !/ul&o&* A5& %# u %#&#&/#-'%o &# /-#&#$ l' /o&!!l!%'% %# u' u#+' +!%'* (No$': S'l* 0:1*<)

C-!&$o l!'' ' lo& o-#& ' &u co-'9 co l'9o& %# 'o- %#+oc!, co lo& !&o&l'9o& lo& l!'' ' &u& &##j'$#&* Co .l, #l 'o- #-' +!%' l' +!%' &#-+!c!o* "D# -'c!'-#c!!&$#!& C-!&$o l!'' ' lo& o-#& ' &u co-'9 co l'9o& %# 'o- %#+oc!, colo& !&o& l'9o& lo& l!'' ' &u& &##j'$#&* Co .l, #l 'o- #-' +!%' l' +!%' &#-+!c!o*

"D# -'c!' -#c!!&$#!& %!jo, %'% %# -'c!'"*, %'% %# -'c!'"*< (No$': <M'$* 10: *)

No &lo # l' c-u9 &# &'c-!4c C-!&$o /o- l' u'!%'%* Cu'%o "'%u+o 'c!#%o!##&"No &lo # l' c-u9 &# &'c-!4c C-!&$o /o- l' u'!%'%* Cu'%o "'%u+o 'c!#%o!##&"< (No$': < &u #6/#-!#c!' co$!%!'' #-' u %#--''!#$o %# &u +!%'* Slo %# uo%o &# /o%' &o&$##- &##j'$# +!%'* =#&& +!+! %#/#%!#%o %# D!o& %# &ucou! co .l* Lo& o-#& 'cu%# %# +#9 # cu'%o 'l lu'- &#c-#$o %#l Al$&!o,'jo l' &o-' %#l O!/o$#$#> /#-'#c# 'll u $!#/o, #l -#&ul$'%o &# '!4#&$'# 'cc!o#& ol#&> lu#o 7'll' &u 7#, &# !$#--u/# l' cou! co D!o&, &# #c' '/#-%#- l' o-' %# l' +!%'* 8#-o l' +!%' %# =#&& #-' u' +!%' %# co4'9' co&$'$#,&o&$#!%' /o- u' cou! co$!u', &u &#-+!c!o /'-' #l c!#lo l' $!#--' 7u# &!



7-'c'&o ! +'c!l'c!*)

Coo o-#, &u/l!c'' '$# #l $-oo %# D!o&, '&$' 3u# &u u'!%'% &# c'-'' %#u' co--!#$# c#l#&$!'l 3u# u' l' u'!%'% co l' D!+!!%'%* R#c!' +!%' %# D!o&, l'!/'-$' ' lo& o-#&*

"='5& o-# 'luo ' 'l'%o coo #&$# o-#P"='5& o-# 'luo ''l'%o coo #&$# o-#P"<* (No$': <*E&$o &# '-' '/l!c'%o ' C-!&$o ' cu'%o

u!#-' #&#'%o !c'#$# # cu'$o ' lo 7&!co lo !$#l#c$u'l o # '$#-!'& %#$#o-' #&/#cul'c!* 8o%-' '#- -#+#l'%o !&$#-!o& cu' co/-#&! ' -#3u#-!%o&!lo& %# $-''jo #&$u%!o* 8o%-' '#- #co &u#-#c!'& # -'o& c!#$4co& 3u#,'&$' #l 4 %#l $!#/o, u!#-' /-o/o-c!o'%o '$#-!'l /'-' #l /#&'!#$o #&$ulo' l' !+#$!+'* 8#-o o lo !9o* N'%' %!jo /'-' &'$!&7'c#- l' cu-!o&!%'% o #&$!ul'- l''!c! #o&$'* No &# ocu/ %# $#o-'& '&$-'c$'&, &!o %# lo 3u# #& !%!&/#&'l#/'-' #l %#&'--ollo %#l c'-5c$#-> %# lo 3u# '/l' l' '/$!$u% %#l o-# /'-' cooc#- 'D!o& 'u#$' &u /o%#- /'-' 'c#- !#* 'l %# l'& +#-%'%#& 3u# &# -#4#-# ' l'co%uc$' %# l' +!%', 3u# u# 'l o-# co l' #$#-!%'%*)

"E +#9 %# !%uc!- 'l /u#lo ' #&$u%!'- l'& $#o-'& u''& 'c#-c' %# D!o&, &u 8'l'-', o&u& o-'&, l# #&# ' co$#/l'-lo &# &# '!4#&$' # &u& o-'&, # &u 8'l'-'

/o- #%!o %# &u& /-o+!%#c!'&* 8u&o &u& #$#& # co$'c$o co l' #$# %#l S#-I4!$o*"

" &# '%!-'' %# &u %oc$-!', /o-3u# &u /'l'-' #-' co 'u$o-!%'%"*" &# '%!-''%# &u %oc$-!', /o-3u# &u /'l'-' #-' co 'u$o-!%'%"*< (No$': <Nuc' '$#& 'l o$-o3u# $u+!#-' $'l /o%#- /'-' %#&/#-$'- #l /#&'!#$o, #c#%#- l' '&/!-'c! &u&c!$'-c'%' '/$!$u% %#l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l'*)

"L' #&#'9' %# C-!&$o, lo !&o 3u# &u &!/'$', ''-c'' #l u%o* Nuc' /o%-5'#- u' c!-cu&$'c!' %# l' +!%', u' c-!&!& %# l' #6/#-!#c!' u'' 3u# o '' &!%o/-#+!&$' # &u #&#'9', /'-' l' cu'l o $#' u' l#cc! &u& /-!c!/!o&* "

L'& /'l'-'& %#l 8-c!/# %# lo& '#&$-o& &#-5 u' u' /'-' &u& col'o-'%o-#&, '&$'#l 4*

8'-' .l #-' uo #l /-#&#$# #l 7u$u-o, lo c#-c'o lo l#j'o* T#' # +!&$' l'&#c#&!%'%#& %# $o%' l' u'!%'%* A$# &u #$# #&$'' %#&/l#'%'& $o%'& l'&#&c#'& %# #&7u#-9o /-o-#&o u'o&, %# $#$'c! co?!c$o, %# /#-/l#j!%'% /#l!-o* Cooc' $o%o& lo& co-'9o#&, $o%o& lo& o'-#&, $o%o& lo& /l'c#-#&, lo& o9o& l'& '&/!-'c!o#&*

L 1'

2@ No &lo 'l'' /'-' $o%' l' u'!%'%, &!o ' #ll' !&'* Su #&'j# 'lc'9''

'l !!$o # l' 'l#-' %# l' ''' %# &u +!%'> 'l co-'9 '&!o&o # !3u!#$o %# l' ju+#$u%> ' lo& o-#&, 3u# # l' /l#!$u% %# &u& 'o& ll#+'' l' c'-' %# l'-#&/o&'!l!%'%, ' lo& 'c!'o& # &u %#!l!%'% c'&'c!o* Su #&'j# #-' /'-' $o%o&>/'-' $o%o &#- u'o, %# $o%o /'& $o%' ./oc'*

Su #&#'9' ''-c'' l'& co&'& %#l $!#/o l' #$#-!%'%, l'& co&'& +!&!l#& # &u-#l'c! co l'& !+!&!l#&, lo& !c!%#$#& /'&'j#-o& %# l' +!%' co, lo& &ol##&&uc#&o& %# l' +!%' 7u$u-'*

E&$'l#c' l' +#-%'%#-' -#l'c! 3u# #6!&$# #$-# l'& co&'& %# #&$' +!%', coo&uo-%!'%'& ' l'& %# !$#-.& #$#-o, /#-o o !o-'' &u !/o-$'c!'* E&#'' 3u# #l



c!#lo l' $!#--' #&$5 l!'%o&, 3u# #l cooc!!#$o %# l' +#-%'% %!+!' /-#/'-' #jo- 'lo-# /'-' %#&#/#'- lo& %##-#& %# l' +!%' %!'-!'*

8'-' .l, '%' c'-#c' %# /-o/&!$o* Lo& ju#o& %#l !o, lo& $-''jo& %#l o-#, lo&/l'c#-#&, cu!%'%o& %olo-#& %# l' +!%', #-' #%!o& 3u# -#&/o%' ' u 4: l'-#+#l'c! %# D!o& /'-' l' #l#+'c! %# l' u'!%'%*

D# &u& l'!o& l' 8'l'-' %. D!o& ll#'' ' lo& co-'9o#& %# lo& o-#& co /o%#-

&!!4c'%o u#+o&* Su #&#'9' /-o#c$ u#+' lu9 &o-# l'& co&'& %# l' c-#'c!* El' 7'9 %# l' '$u-'l#9' &# ;" +!#-o u' +#9 5& lo& -#&/l'%o-#& 3u# #l /#c'%o ''#cl!/&'%o* E $o%o& lo& #co& # !c!%#$#& %# l' +!%', &# -#+#l'' u' l#cc! %!+!' l'/o&!!l!%'% %# o9'- %# l' co/'' %# D!o&* El S#o- +ol+! ' o-'- # l' $!#--'> lo&co-'9o#& u'o& /#-c!!#-o &u /-#&#c!'> #l u%o 7u# -o%#'%o /o- &u 'o-* El c!#lo%#&c#%! ' lo& o-#&* E C-!&$o, &u& co-'9o#& -#cooc!#-o ' A3u#l 3u# l#& ''%'%o 'cc#&o ' l' c!#c!' %# l' #$#-!%'%: "E'u#l, 3u# $-'%uc!%o #&: D!o& coo&o$-o&"*"

E #l M'#&$-o #+!'%o /o- D!o& 'll' &u c#$-o $o%' +#-%'%#-' o-' #%uc'$!+'* D# l' o-'%# o, lo !&o 3u# %# l' 3u# #&$'l#c! 'c# !l ococ!#$o& 'o&, #l S'l+'%o- %!c#:(No$': E&$' %#cl'-'c! 7u# /ul!c'%' /o- /-!#-' +#9 # 10;*<)

"o &o #l /-!#-o #l l$!o"*"

"o &o #l Al7' l' O#', #l /-!c!/!o, #l 4"o &o #l Al7' l' O#', #l /-!c!/!o, #l 4"< (No$': <A/oc* 1: 1> 21: *)

"E /-#&#c!' %# &##j'$# M'#&$-o, %# &##j'$# o/o-$u!%'% /'-' o$##- #%uc'c!%!+!', #& u' #c#%'% u&c'- #%uc'c! 7u#-' %# .l, #&7o-9'-&# /o- &#- &'!o 7u#-' %# l'S'!%u-'> &#- &!c#-o !#$-'& &# -#c'9' l' V#-%'%> u&c'- !lu!'c! '/'-$# %# l'Lu9, #6!&$#c!' &! l' V!%'> '/'-$'-&# %#l M''$!'l %# 'u'& +!+'&, c'+'- c!&$#-'&-o$'& 3u# o /u#%# co$##- 'u'*"

# '3u, .l !+!$' ': "S! 'luo $!## &#%, +#' ' , #'** El 3u# c-## # , #'3u, .l !+!$' ': "S! 'luo $!## &#%, +#' ' , #'** El 3u# c-## # , coo%!c# l' E&c-!$u-', %# &u !$#-!o- co--#-5 -o& %# 'u' +!+'"* "El 'u' 3u# o l# %'-. &#-5# .l u' 7u#$# %# 'u' 3u# &'l$# /'-' +!%' #$#-'"* %# &u !$#-!o- co--#-5 -o& %#'u' +!+'"* "El 'u' 3u# o l# %'-. &#-5 # .l u' 7u#$# %# 'u' 3u# &'l$# /'-' +!%'#$#-'"*< K (No$': < K)

)na Ilustración de los M1todos de Cristo

"# '!7#&$'%o $u o-# ' lo& o-#& 3u# %#l u%o # %!&$#"*"

LA ILUSTRACION 5& co/l#$' %# lo& .$o%o& %# C-!&$o coo '#&$-o, &# #cu#$-' #l' #%uc'c! 3u# .l %!o ' lo& %oc# /-!#-o& %!&c/ulo&* E&o& o-#& %#' ll#+'-/#&'%'& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#&* Lo& '' #&co!%o /o-3u# /o%' !7u%!-l#& &u E&/-!$u /-#/'-'-lo& /'-' !/ul&'- &u o-' # l' $!#--' u' +#9 3u# .l &# 7u#-'* A #llo& 5& 3u# ''%!# l#& coc#%! l' +#$'j' %# &u co/''* 8o- #%!o %# &u -#l'c! /#-&o'l %#j &u&#llo # #&$o& col'o-'%o-#& #&co!%o&* "L' +!%' 7u# '!7#&$'%' "L' +!%' 7u#'!7#&$'%' %!c# =u', #l ''%o, l' #o& +!&$o, $#&$!4c'o&"* l' #o& +!&$o, $#&$!4c'o&"*< (No$': <1 =u' 1: 2*)

"Sol'#$# /o- #%!o %# u' cou! $'l l' cou! %# l' #$# co l' #$#, %#lco-'9 co #l co-'9, %# lo u'o co lo %!+!o, &# /u#%# $-'&!$!- #&' ##-'



+!+!4c'%o-', $-'&!&! 3u# co&$!$u# l' o-' %# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c!* Slo l' +!%'##%-' +!%'*"

"E l' #%uc'c! %# &u& %!&c/ulo&, #l S'l+'%o- &!u! #l &!&$#' %# #%uc'c!#&$'l#c!%o 'l /-!c!/!o* Lo& /-!#-o& %oc# #&co!%o&, ju$o co uo& /oco& 3u#, /'-''$#%#- &u& #c#&!%'%#&, #&$'' %# +#9 # cu'%o # -#l'c! co #llo&, 7o-'' l'7'!l!' %# =#&&* E&$'' co .l # l' c'&', ju$o " ' l' #&', # l' !$!!%'%, # #lc'/o* Lo 'co/''' # &u& +!'j#&, co/'-$' &u& /-u#'& $'-#'& , '&$' %o%#

/o%', /'-$!c!/'' %# &u $-''jo*"M 1'

;0@"A +#c#& l#& #&#'' cu'%o #&$'' &#$'%o& # l' l'%#-' %# l' o$''> '+#c#&, ju$o 'l '-, o %#&%# l' '-c' %# u /#&c'%o-> o$-'&, cu'%o !' /o- #l c'!o*C'%' +#9 3u# 'l'' ' l' ul$!$u%, lo& %!&c/ulo& 7o-'' #l c-culo 5& c#-c'o ' .l*S# 'ol/'' 'l-#%#%o- %# .l /'-' o /#-%#- '%' %# &u !&$-ucc!* E-' o!%o-#&'$#$o&, '#lo&o& %# co/-#%#- l'& +#-%'%#& 3u# %#' #&#'- # $o%o& lo& /'&#& $o%o& lo& $!#/o&*"

"Lo& /-!#-o& 'luo& %# =#&& 7u#-o #&co!%o& %# #$-# #l /u#lo co* E&$o&/#&c'%o-#& %# 'l!l#' #-' o-#& u!l%#&, &! !&$-ucc!> o cooc' ! l'#-u%!c! ! l'& co&$u-#& %# lo& -'!o&, &!o l' &#+#-' %!&c!/l!' %#l $-''jo -u%o* E-'o-#& %# c'/'c!%'% !'$' %# #&/-!$u %c!l, 3u# /o%' &#- !&$-u!%o& 7o-'%o&

/'-' 'c#- l' o-' %#l S'l+'%o-* E l'& +oc'c!o#& u!l%#& %# l' +!%' ' 5& %# u$-''j'%o- 3u# /-o&!u# /'c!#$##$# co l' -u$!' %# &u& $'-#'& %!'-!'&, !co&c!#$#%# 3u# ' # .l 7'cul$'%#& l'$#$#& 3u#, /u#&$'& # 'cc!, lo coloc'-' #$-# lo&-'%#& %!-!#$#& %#l u%o* A& #-' lo& o-#& 3u# #l S'l+'%o- ll' /'-' 3u#7u#-' &u& col'o-'%o-#&* $u+!#-o l' +#$'j' %# o9'- %# $-#& 'o& %# #%uc'c!,%!-!!%' /o- #l 5& -'%# E%uc'%o- 3u# '' $#!%o #l u%o*"

"E&$o& /-!#-o& %!&c/ulo& #-' u %!7#-#$#& lo& uo& %# lo& o$-o&* I' ' ll#'- ' &#-lo& '#&$-o& %#l u%o, &# +#' # #llo& $o%' cl'&# %# c'-'c$#-#&* E-' L#+M'$#o, #l/ul!c'o, !+!$'%o ' ''%o'- u' +!%' %# 'c$!+!%'% co#-c!'l 'l &#-+!c!o %# Ro'>S!, #l c#lo$#, ##!o !?#6!l# %# l' 'u$o-!%'% !/#-!'l> #l !/ul&!+o, '--o'$# '7#c$uo&o 8#%-o> &u #-'o A%-.&> =u%'&, %# =u%#', " /ul!%o, c'/'9, %# #&/-!$u -u!>

F#l!/# To5&, 4#l#& 7#-+!#$#&, 'u3u# %# co-'9 $'-%o /'-' c-##-> S'$!'o #l#o- =u%'&, %# #o& /-o!#c!' #$-# lo& #-'o&, /#-o o-#& 7u#-$#& %#4!%o& $'$o # &u& 7'l$'& coo # &u& +!-$u%#&> N'$''#l, &##j'$# ' u !o #&!c#-!%'% co4'9'> lo& !jo& %# ##%#o, '7#c$uo&o& '!c!o&o&*"

A 4 %# !/ul&'- co .6!$o l' o-' ' l' cu'l '' &!%o ll''%o&, #&$o& %!&c/ulo&, 3u#%!7#-' $'$o # &u& c'-'c$#-&$!c'& '$u-'l#&, # &u #%uc'c! # &u& 5!$o& %# +!%',#c#&!$'' ll#'- ' l' u!%'% %# &#$!!#$o, /#&'!#$o 'cc!* C-!&$o &# /-o/o'o$##- #&$' u!%'%, co #&$# 4 $-'$ %# u!-lo& ' .l* L' /-#ocu/'c! %# &u $-''jo/o- #llo& #&$5 #6/-#&'%' # l' o-'c! 3u# %!-!! ' &u 8'%-#: "8'-' 3u# $o%o& &#' uo>coo $, o 8'%-#, # , o # $!, 3u# $'!. #llo& &#' uo # o&o$-o&* * * /'-' 3u#

#l u%o coo9c' 3u# $ # #+!'&$#, 3u# lo& '& ''%o ' #llo& coo $'!. ' # '& ''%o"*A 4 %# !/ul&'- co .6!$o l' o-' ' l' cu'l '' &!%o ll''%o&, #&$o&%!&c/ulo&, 3u# %!7#-' $'$o # &u& c'-'c$#-&$!c'& '$u-'l#&, # &u #%uc'c! # &u&5!$o& %# +!%', #c#&!$'' ll#'- ' l' u!%'% %# &#$!!#$o, /#&'!#$o 'cc!*C-!&$o &# /-o/o' o$##- #&$' u!%'%, co #&$# 4 $-'$ %# u!-lo& ' .l* L'/-#ocu/'c! %# &u $-''jo /o- #llo& #&$5 #6/-#&'%' # l' o-'c! 3u# %!-!! ' &u 8'%-#:"8'-' 3u# $o%o& &#' uo> coo $, o 8'%-#, # , o # $!, 3u# $'!. #llo& &#'uo # o&o$-o&* * * /'-' 3u# #l u%o coo9c' 3u# $ # #+!'&$#, 3u# lo& '& ''%o' #llo& coo $'!. ' # '& ''%o"*< (No$': <=u' 1: 212;*)

EL P#%ER .R&'$F#RM&%#R %E CRI$.#



D# lo& %oc# %!&c/ulo&, cu'$-o !' ' %#&#/#'- u' /'-$# !/o-$'$#, c'%' uo # &u#&7#-'* 8-#+!#%o $o%o, C-!&$o l#& #&# /'-' /-#/'-'-lo&* S'$!'o, %#&$!'%o ' o-!-/-o$o %#c'/!$'%o> =u', &u #-'o, 3u# /o- 5& $!#/o &#u!-' ' &u M'#&$-o #$-''jo& /#-&#cuc!o#&> 8#%-o, #l /-!#-o 3u# %#--!'-' '--#-'& &#cul'-#& #&#'-''l u%o /''o> =u%'&, 3u# # #l &#-+!c!o #-' c'/'9 %# &o-#/'&'- ' &u& #-'o&, &! #'-o '-!'' # &u 'l' /-o/&!$o& cuo& 7-u$o& o +!&lu-''* T'l#& 7u#-olo& oj#$o& %# l' 'o- &ol!c!$u% %# C-!&$o, lo& 3u# -#c!!#-o &u !&$-ucc! 5&

7-#cu#$# cu!%'%o&'* D# lo& %oc# %!&c/ulo&, cu'$-o !' ' %#&#/#'- u' /'-$#!/o-$'$#, c'%' uo # &u #&7#-'* 8-#+!#%o $o%o, C-!&$o l#& #&# /'-' /-#/'-'-lo&*S'$!'o, %#&$!'%o ' o-!- /-o$o %#c'/!$'%o> =u', &u #-'o, 3u# /o- 5& $!#/o&#u!-' ' &u M'#&$-o # $-''jo& /#-&#cuc!o#&> 8#%-o, #l /-!#-o 3u# %#--!'-''--#-'& &#cul'-#& #&#'-' 'l u%o /''o> =u%'&, 3u# # #l &#-+!c!o #-' c'/'9%# &o-#/'&'- ' &u& #-'o&, &! #'-o '-!'' # &u 'l' /-o/&!$o& cuo&7-u$o& o +!&lu-''* T'l#& 7u#-o lo& oj#$o& %# l' 'o- &ol!c!$u% %# C-!&$o, lo& 3u#-#c!!#-o &u !&$-ucc! 5& 7-#cu#$# cu!%'%o&'* 8#%-o, S'$!'o =u' u&c''$o%'& l'& o/o-$u!%'%#& %# /o#-&# # co$'c$o $!o co #l M'#&$-o, &u %#&#o l#&7u# o$o-'%o* D# lo& %oc#, l' -#l'c! %# #llo& co #l M'#&$-o 7u# l' 5& $!'* =u' &lo/o%' 'll'- &'$!&7'cc! # u' !$!!%'% ' 5& #&$-#c', l' o$u+o* E oc'&! %#l' /-!#-' #$-#+!&$' ju$o 'l =o-%5, cu'%o A%-.&, '!#%o o%o ' =#&&, co--! '

u&c'- ' &u #-'o, =u' /#-'#c! 3u!#$o, #6$'&!'%o # l' #%!$'c! %# $#'&'-'+!llo&o&* S!u! 'l S'l+'%o- &!#/-#, coo o!%o- '&o-$o '&!o&o* S! #'-o, #lc'-5c$#- %# =u' o #-' /#-7#c$o* No #-' u #$u&!'&$' o%'%o&o &o'%o-* T'$o .lcoo &u #-'o -#c!!#-o #l '/o%o %# "!jo& %#l $-u#o"*8#%-o, S'$!'o =u'u&c'' $o%'& l'& o/o-$u!%'%#& %# /o#-&# # co$'c$o $!o co #l M'#&$-o, &u%#&#o l#& 7u# o$o-'%o* D# lo& %oc#, l' -#l'c! %# #llo& co #l M'#&$-o 7u# l' 5& $!'*

=u' &lo /o%' 'll'- &'$!&7'cc! # u' !$!!%'% ' 5& #&$-#c', l' o$u+o*M 1'

;1@ E oc'&! %# l' /-!#-' #$-#+!&$' ju$o 'l =o-%5, cu'%o A%-.&, '!#%o o%o '

=#&&, co--! ' u&c'- ' &u #-'o, =u' /#-'#c! 3u!#$o, #6$'&!'%o # l' #%!$'c!%# $#'& '-'+!llo&o&* S!u! 'l S'l+'%o- &!#/-#, coo o!%o- '&o-$o '&!o&o* S!#'-o, #l c'-5c$#- %# =u' o #-' /#-7#c$o* No #-' u #$u&!'&$' o%'%o&o &o'%o-*

T'$o .l coo &u #-'o -#c!!#-o #l '/o%o %# "!jo& %#l $-u#o"*< =u' #-' o-ullo&o,

'!c!o&o, co'$!+o> /#-o %#'jo %# $o%o #&$o #l M'#&$-o %!+!o /#-c!! u co-'9'-%!#$#, &!c#-o, '7#c$uo&o* =#&& -#/-#%! &u #o&o, %!&7-u$ &u& '!c!o#&, /-o&u 7#* 8#-o l# -#+#l lo 3u# &u 'l' '#l'': L' #ll#9' %# l' &'$!%'%, &u /-o/!o 'o-$-'&7o-'%o-* "# '!7#&$'%o $u o-# ' lo& o-#& 3u# %#l u%o # %!&$#"*<<(No$': < =u' #-' o-ullo&o, '!c!o&o, co'$!+o> /#-o %#'jo %# $o%o #&$o #l M'#&$-o%!+!o /#-c!! u co-'9 '-%!#$#, &!c#-o, '7#c$uo&o* =#&& -#/-#%! &u #o&o,%!&7-u$ &u& '!c!o#&, /-o &u 7#* 8#-o l# -#+#l lo 3u# &u 'l' '#l'': L' #ll#9'%# l' &'$!%'%, &u /-o/!o 'o- $-'&7o-'%o-* "# '!7#&$'%o $u o-# %!jo 'l 8'%-#' lo& o-#& 3u# %#l u%o # %!&$#"*)

"=u' '#l'' 'o-, &!/'$' co/''* S# 'c#-c'' ' =#&&, &# &#$'' ' &u l'%o, &#

'/o'' # &u /#co* A& coo u' ?o- ## %#l &ol %#l -oco, .l #' l' lu9 l' +!%'%!+!'&* Co$#/l 'l S'l+'%o- co '%o-'c! 'o- '&$' 3u# l' &##j'9' ' C-!&$o l' cou! co .l ll#'-o ' co&$!$u!- &u !co %#&#o, # &u c'-5c$#- &# -#?#j #lc'-5c$#- %#l M'#&$-o*"

"M!-'% "M!-'% %!jo cu5l 'o- o& ' %'%o #l 8'%-#, /'-' 3u# &#'o& ll''%o& !jo& %#D!o&> /o- #&$o #l u%o o o& cooc#, /o-3u# o l# cooc! ' .l* A'%o&, 'o-' &oo&!jo& %# D!o&, ' o &# ' '!7#&$'%o lo 3u# #o& %# &#-> /#-o &'#o& cu5l 'o-o& ' %'%o #l 8'%-#, /'-' 3u# &#'o& ll''%o& !jo& %# D!o&> /o- #&$o #l u%o o o&cooc#, /o-3u# o l# cooc! ' .l* A'%o&, 'o-' &oo& !jo& %# D!o&, ' o &# ''!7#&$'%o lo 3u# #o& %# &#-> /#-o &'#o& 3u# cu'%o .l &# '!4#&$#,



&#-#o& &##j'$#& ' .l, /o-3u# l# +#-#o& $'l coo .l #&* $o%o '3u#l 3u# $!## #&$'#&/#-'9' # .l, &# /u-!4c' ' & !&o, '& coo .l #& /u-o"*3u# cu'%o .l &#'!4#&$#, &#-#o& &##j'$#& ' .l, /o-3u# l# +#-#o& $'l coo .l #&* $o%o '3u#l 3u#$!## #&$' #&/#-'9' # .l, &# /u-!4c' ' & !&o, '& coo .l #& /u-o"*< (No$': <1 =u';: 1;*)

%E L& %EBILI%&% & L& F#R.&LE/&

"L' !&$o-!' %# !uo %# lo& %!&c/ulo& !lu&$-' #jo- 3u# l' %# 8#%-o #l .$o%o#%uc'$!+o %# C-!&$o* T##-'-!o, '-#&!+o, co4'%o # & !&o, 5!l #$'l#$# /-o$o /'-' 'c$u'- +#'-&# #-', &! #'-o, ##-o&o /'-' /#-%o'-* 8#%-o &##3u!+oc ' #u%o, ' #u%o 7u# -#/-#%!%o* No 7u#-o #o& -#cooc!%'& #lo!'%'& &u l#'l$'% '7#c$uo&' &u %#+oc! ' C-!&$o* El S'l+'%o- $-'$ ' &u !/#$uo&o%!&c/ulo co /'c!#c!' 'o- !$#l!#$#, &# #&7o-9 /o- -#/-!!- &u #-#!!#$o #&#'-l# u!l%'%, o#%!#c!' co4'9'*"

"8#-o l' l#cc! 7u# '/-#%!%' &lo # /'-$#* El #-#!!#$o o 7u# %#&'--'!'%o*"

A #u%o, cu'%o &#$' &u co-'9 '-u'%o /o- u /#&'-, =#&& $-'$'' %# -#+#l'- '&u& %!&c/ulo& l'& #&c#'& %# &u /-u#' &u &u7-!!#$o* 8#-o &u& ojo& #&$'' c#--'%o&*

L' -#+#l'c! o #-' !# -#c!!%' o +#'* L' 'u$oco/'&!, 3u# lo !/ul&'' '#+!$'- l' cou! co C-!&$o # #l &u7-!!#$o, o$!+ l' /-o$#&$' %# 8#%-o: "S#o-, $#co/'&! %# $!> # !u' '#-' #&$o $# 'co$#9c'"*A #u%o, cu'%o &#$' &uco-'9 '-u'%o /o- u /#&'-, =#&& $-'$'' %# -#+#l'- ' &u& %!&c/ulo& l'& #&c#'& %#&u /-u#' &u &u7-!!#$o* 8#-o &u& ojo& #&$'' c#--'%o&* L' -#+#l'c! o #-' !#-#c!!%' o +#'* L' 'u$oco/'&!, 3u# lo !/ul&'' ' #+!$'- l' cou! co C-!&$o# #l &u7-!!#$o, o$!+ l' /-o$#&$' %# 8#%-o: "S#o-, $# co/'&! %# $!> # !u''#-' #&$o $# 'co$#9c'"*< (No$': <Su& /'l'-'& #6/-#&'' #l /#&'!#$o %# lo&%oc#*)

"A& &!u!#-o, j'c$'c!o&o& /#%#c!#-o&, '%ju%!c5%o&# '$!c!/'%'#$# lo& oo-#&-#'l#&, &! &o'- # l' c-u9, !#$-'& l' c-!&!& &# !' 'c#-c'%o*"

L' #6/#-!#c!' %# 8#%-o 7u# u' l#cc! /'-' $o%o&* 8'-' l' co4'9' /-o/!', l' /-u#'!/l!c' %#--o$'* C-!&$o o /o%' !/#%!- l'& co&#cu#c!'& &#u-'& %#l 'l 3u# o ''&!%o ''%o'%o* 8#-o '& coo #6$#%! l' 'o /'-' &'l+'- ' 8#%-o cu'%o L'#6/#-!#c!' %# 8#%-o 7u# u' l#cc! /'-' $o%o&* 8'-' l' co4'9' /-o/!', l' /-u#'!/l!c' %#--o$'* C-!&$o o /o%' !/#%!- l'& co&#cu#c!'& &#u-'& %#l 'l 3u# o ''&!%o ''%o'%o* 8#-o '& coo #6$#%! l' 'o /'-' &'l+'- ' 8#%-o cu'%o l'& ol'&#&$'' /o- u%!-lo, &u 'o- lo -#&c'$ cu'%o l'& 'u'& /-o7u%'& '#'', &u'l'* R#/#$!%'& +#c#&, 'l o-%# !&o %# l' -u!', l'& /'l'-'& j'c$'c!o&'& %# 8#%-o lo'c#-c'-o c'%' +#9 5& 'l '!&o* R#/#$!%'& +#c#& =#&& l# '%+!-$! 3u# #'-' 3u# locooc'* D#l co-'9 '/#'%o ''$# %#l %!&c/ulo -o$ l' %#cl'-'c!: "S#o-,

%!&/u#&$o #&$o ' !- co$!o o &lo ' l' c5-c#l, &!o $'!. ' l' u#-$#"l'& ol'&#&$'' /o- u%!-lo, &u 'o- lo -#&c'$ cu'%o l'& 'u'& /-o7u%'& '#'', &u'l'* R#/#$!%'& +#c#&, 'l o-%# !&o %# l' -u!', l'& /'l'-'& j'c$'c!o&'& %# 8#%-o lo'c#-c'-o c'%' +#9 5& 'l '!&o* R#/#$!%'& +#c#& =#&& l# '%+!-$! 3u# #'-' 3u# locooc'*

= 20'

;2@* D#l co-'9 '/#'%o ''$# %#l %!&c/ulo -o$ l' %#cl'-'c!: "S#o-,%!&/u#&$o #&$o ' !- co$!o o &lo ' l' c5-c#l, &!o $'!. ' l' u#-$#"<, A3u#l 3u#l## #l co-'9 %!o ' 8#%-o #l #&'j#, /oco '/-#c!'%o #$oc#&, /#-o 3u# # l'& $!!#l'&3u# !' ' '&#$'-&# /-o$o &o-# .l &#-' u -'o %# #&/#-'9': "S!, S!, # '3u S'$'5& o& ' /#%!%o /'-' 9'-'%#'-o& coo ' $-!o> /#-o o # -o'%o /o- $!, 3u# $u 7#o 7'l$#> $, u' +#9 +u#l$o, co4-' ' $u& #-'o&"*<< (No$': <, A3u#l 3u# l## #l



co-'9 %!o ' 8#%-o #l #&'j#, /oco '/-#c!'%o #$oc#&, /#-o 3u# # l'& $!!#l'& 3u#!' ' '&#$'-&# /-o$o &o-# .l &#-' u -'o %# #&/#-'9': "S!, S!, # '3uS'$'5& o& ' /#%!%o /'-' 9'-'%#'-o& coo ' $-!o> /#-o o # -o'%o /o- $!, 3u# $u 7#o 7'l$#> $, u' +#9 +u#l$o, co4-' ' $u& #-'o&"*)

"Cu'%o 8#%-o # # l' &'l' %#l $-!u'l 3u# lo cooc'> cu'%o &u 'o- &u l#'l$'%,%#&/#-$'%o& /o- l' !-'%' %# co/'&!, 'o- /#' %#l S'l+'%o-, l# !c!#-o &'l!- 'lu#-$o %o%# C-!&$o '' llo-'%o o-'%o> cu'%o &u& l5-!'& %# -#o-%!!#$o

c'#-o 'l &u#lo 3u# '' &!%o u#%#c!%o co l'& o$'& %# &'-# %# l' 'o' %#lS#o-, l'& /'l'-'& %#l S'l+'%o-: "8#-o o # -o'%o /o- $!> * * * $, u' +#9 +u#l$oco4-' ' $u& #-'o&", 7u#-o u &o&$. /'-' &u 'l'* C-!&$o, 'u3u# '' /-#+!&$o&u /#c'%o, o lo '' ''%o'%o ' l' %#&#&/#-'c!*

S! l' !-'%' 3u# =#&& l# %!-!! u!#-' #6/-#&'%o co%#'c! # +#9 %# l5&$!'> &! 'l/-#%#c!- #l /#c'%o o u!#&# 'l'%o %# #&/#-'9', cu5 %#&' u!#-' &!%o l'o&cu-!%'% 3u# u!#&# -o%#'%o ' 8#%-oP Cu5 !co$#!l# l' %#&#&/#-'c! %# #&''l' $o-$u-'%'P E #&' o-' %# 'u&$!' 'o--#c!!#$o %# & !&o, G3u. l# u!#-'/o%!%o !/#%!- 3u# &!u!#-' #l c'!o %# =u%'&H

El 3u# # #&# o#$o o /o%' #+!$'- l' 'u&$!' %# &u %!&c/ulo, o lo %#j l!-'%o ' l'

''-u-'* Su 'o- o 7'll' ! ''%o'*

Lo& &#-#& u'o&, #$-#'%o& 'l 'l, &# &!#$# !cl!'%o& ' $-'$'- &#+#-'#$# ' lo&$#$'%o& ' lo& 3u# #--'* No /u#%# l##- #l co-'9, o cooc# &u luc' ! %olo-*N#c#&!$' '/-#%#- ' -#/-#%#- co 'o-, ' #-!- /'-' &''-, ' 'o#&$'- co /'l'-'&%# #&/#-'9'*

C-!&$o, %#&/u.& %# &u -#&u--#cc!, o #c!o ' =u' #l 3u# +#l ju$o co #l S'l+'%o-# l' &'l' %#l $-!u'l, #l 3u# #&$u+o ju$o ' l' c-u9, 3u# 7u# #l /-!#-o # ll#'- ' l'$u' &!o ' 8#%-o* "D#c!% ' &u& %!&c/ulo&, ' 8#%-o %!jo #l 5#l 3u# .l +' %#l'$#%# +o&o$-o& ' 'l!l#'> 'll l# +#-.!&"* (No$': <M'-* 1: *)

E oc'&! %# l' l$!' -#u! %# C-!&$o co lo& %!&c/ulo& ju$o 'l '-, 8#%-o, /-o'%oco l' /-#u$' -#/#$!%' $-#& +#c#&: "GM# ''&H"-#cu/#- #l lu'- 3u# ocu/'' #$-#lo& %oc#* S# l# '&! &u o-': T#%-' 3u# '/'c#$'- #l -#'o %#l S#o-* Lu#o, cool$!' !&$-ucc! /#-&o'l, =#&& l# %!jo: "Su## $ P" (No$': <<=u' 21: 1*)

E$oc#& /u%o '/-#c!'- #&'& /'l'-'&* 8u%o co/-#%#- #jo- l' l#cc! 3u# C-!&$o'' %'%o cu'%o /u&o ' u !!$o # #%!o %# lo& %!&c/ulo& l#& %!jo 3u# &#'&##j'-' ' .l* 8u#&$o 3u# cooc' 5& /l#'#$# $'$o &u /-o/!' %#!l!%'% coo #l/o%#- %# C-!&$o, #&$'' l!&$o /'-' co4'- o#%#c#-* Co l' 7u#-9' %#l M'#&$-o, /o%'&#u!-lo*

'l 4 %# &u +!%' %# $-''jo &'c-!4c!o, #l %!&c/ulo 3u# u' +#9 #&$u+o $' /oco/-#/'-'%o /'-' +#- l' c-u9, co&!%#- u o9o #$-#'- &u +!%' 1 "/o- #l E+'#l!o, co#l !co &#$!!#$o %# 3u#, /'-' #l 3u# '' #'%o 'l S#o-, o-!- %#l !&o o%ocoo u-! &u M'#&$-o #-' u oo- %#'&!'%o -'%#*"

"L' $-'&7o-'c! %# 8#%-o 7u# u !l'-o %# l' $#-u-' %!+!'* E& u' ++!%' l#cc!/'-' $o%o& lo& 3u# $-'$' %# &#u!- l'& /!&'%'& %#l M'#&$-o %# lo& '#&$-o&*"

)'& LECCI2' %E &M#R

"=#&& -#/-#%! ' &u& %!&c/ulo&, lo& 'o#&$ lo& /-#+!o> /#-o =u', 8#%-o &u&



#-'o& o lo ''%o'-o* A /#&'- %# lo& -#/-oc#&, %#c!%!#-o 3u#%'-&# co =#&&* #l S'l+'%o- o &# '/'-$ %# #llo& ' c'u&' %# &u& #--o-#&* El $o' ' lo& o-#& coo&o, co $o%'& &u& 7'l$'& %#!l!%'%#&, lo& '%!#&$-' /'-' &u &#-+!c!o &! #&$5 %!&/u#&$o&' &#- %!&c!/l!'%o& # !&$-u!%o& /o- .l*"

"8#-o uo #$-# lo& %oc# uo 'l cu'l C-!&$o, c'&! '&$' #l 4 %# &u o-', o l# %!-!!! -#/-oc# %#4!%o* "

"Co =u%'& &# !$-o%ujo #$-# lo& %!&c/ulo& u #&/-!$u %# co$!#%'* Al '&oc!'-&# co =#&&, '' -#&/o%!%o ' l' '$-'cc! %# &u c'-5c$#- &u +!%'* '' %#&#'%o&!c#-'#$# 3u# &# o/#-'-' # .l u c'!o, '' $#!%o l' #&/#-'9' %##6/#-!#$'-lo /o- #%!o %# l' u! co =#&&* 8#-o #&$# %#&#o o /-#+'l#c!* Lo%o!'' l' #&/#-'9' %#l ##4c!o #o&$' 3u# 'lc'9'-' # #l -#!o u%'o 3u# .l#&/#-'' 3u# C-!&$o !' ' 7u%'-*"

V 21'

;;@"Au3u# -#cooc' #l /o%#- %!+!o %#l 'o- %# C-!&$o, =u%'& o &# #$-# ' &u&u/-#'c'* S!u! 'l#$'%o &u c-!$#-!o &u& /-o/!'& o/!!o#&, &u $#%#c!' ' c-!$!c'- co%#'-* Lo& o$!+o& l'& 'cc!o#& %# C-!&$o, 3u# ' #u%o #&$'' u /o- #c!'%# &u co/-#&!, #&$!ul'' &u %u%' &u %#&'/-o'c!, co/'-$' &u&'!c!o#& %u%'& " co lo& %!&c/ulo&* Muc'& %# l'& %!&/u$'& /-o+oc'%'& /o- #l '75

%# &u/-#'c', -' /'-$# %#l %#&co$#$o '!7#&$'%o 'c!' lo& .$o%o& %# C-!&$o,$#' &u o-!# # =u%'&*"

"=#&&, 'l co/-#%#- 3u# l' o/o&!c! &lo lo #%u-#c#-', &# '&$u+o %# /-o+oc'- uco?!c$o %!-#c$o* T-'$ %# cu-'- &u #&$-#co #o&o /o- #%!o %#l co$'c$o co &u/-o/!o 'o- '#'%o* E &u #&#'9' %#&'--oll /-!c!/!o& 3u# $#%' ' %#&'--'!'-l'& '!c!o#& #o&$'& %#l %!&c/ulo* A& l# %!o u' l#cc! $-'& o$-', 5& %# u' +#9

=u%'& &# %!o cu#$' %# 3u# &# '' %#&c-!$o &u c'-5c$#- &# '' &#'l'%o &u /#c'%o>/#-o o 3u!&o c#%#-*"

L& C&I%& %E ")%&$

"Al -#&!&$!- ' l'& &/l!c'& %# l' -'c!', #l !/ul&o %#l 'l $-!u7 4'l#$#* =u%'&,#oj'%o /o- u' +#l'%' -#/-#&!, %#&#&/#-'%o 'l +#- %#&o-o'-&# &u& &u#o&'!c!o&o&, #$-# &u 'l' 'l %#o!o %# l' '+'-!c!' %#c!%! $-'!c!o'- ' &u M'#&$-o*S'l! %#l '/o&#$o %o%# &# c#l#- l' 8'&cu', %#l o9o %# l' /-#&#c!' %# C-!&$o %# l'lu9 %# l' #&/#-'9' !o-$'l, ' 'c#- &u o-' /#-+#-&', ' l'& $!!#l'& #6$#-!o-#&, %o%#o '' #&/#-'9'*"

"8o-3u# =#&& &'' %#&%# #l /-!c!/!o 3u!##& #-' lo& 3u# o c-#', 3u!. l# '' %##$-#'-"*"8o-3u# =#&& &'' %#&%# #l /-!c!/!o 3u!##& #-' lo& 3u# o c-#', 3u!.l# '' %# #$-#'-"*< S! #'-o, &'!.%olo $o%o, o '' #'%o ! /#%!%o %#-'c!' ! %o %# 'o-* (No$': < S! #'-o, &'!.%olo $o%o, o '' #'%o !

/#%!%o %# -'c!' ! %o %# 'o-*)

"Al +#- #l /#l!-o %# =u%'&, lo '' 'c#-c'%o ' & !&o, lo '' !$-o%uc!%o # #lc-culo $!o %# &u& %!&c/ulo& #&co!%o& %# co4'9'* D' $-'& %', cu'%o l' c'-'3u# o/-!' &u co-'9 -#&ul$'' 5& /#&'%', '' &o/o-$'%o #l %olo- 3u# l# /-o%uc'#l /#-'#$# co$'c$o co #&' /#-&o'l!%'% $#-c', &u&/!c'9, &o-'> '' +!!l'%o $-''j'%o /'-' co$-'--#&$'- #$-# &u& %!&c/ulo& #&# '$'o!&o " co&$'$#, &#c-#$o &u$!l* $o%o #&o /'-' 3u# o 7'l$'-' !u' !?u#c!' &'l+'%o-' ' #&' 'l' #/#l!-oP"

"L'& uc'& 'u'& o /o%-5 '/''- #l 'o-, N! lo 'o'-5 lo& -o&"*"



"8o-3u# 7u#-$# #& coo l' u#-$# #l 'o-"*"8o-3u# 7u#-$# #& coo l' u#-$# #l 'o-"*<(No$': <C'$* : , *)

"Co -#&/#c$o ' =u%'&, l' o-' %# 'o- %# C-!&$o 7u# !$!l* No ocu--! lo !&o co &u&co%!&c/ulo&* 8'-' #llo& 7u# u' l#cc! cu' !?u#c!' %u- $o%' l' +!%'* Su #j#/lo %#$#-u-' /'c!#c!' &!#/-# o%#l &u $-'$o co lo& $#$'%o& %#&c'--!'%o&* uo'%#5&, o$-'& l#cc!o#&* Cu'%o lo& %oc# 7u#-o o-%#'%o&, lo& %!&c/ulo& %#&#''

'-%!#$##$# 3u# =u%'& 7o-'-' /'-$# %#l -u/o, '' co&!%#-'%o &u ll#'%' coou &uc#&o /-o!&o-!o /'-' #l -u/o '/o&$l!co* '' #&$'%o # co$'c$o co #l u%o5& 3u# #llo&> #-' u o-# %# u#o& o%'l#&, /#-&/!c'9, %# '!l!%'% '%!!&$-'$!+', coo .l !&o $#' u #l#+'%o coc#/$o %# &u& /-o/!'& cu'l!%'%#&, '' !%uc!%o 'lo& %!&c/ulo& ' 3u# $u+!#-' l' !&' o/!! 'c#-c' %# .l* 8#-o lo& .$o%o& 3u#%#&#'' !$-o%uc!- # l' o-' %# C-!&$o &# '&'' # /-!c!/!o& u%'o&, #&$''%# 'cu#-%o co #l /-oc#%#- %#l u%o* Su 4 #-' 'lc'9'- oo-#& -#cooc!!#$o&u%'o&, #l -#!o %# #&$# u%o* L' '!7#&$'c! %# #&'& '!c!o#& # l' +!%' %#

=u%'& 'u% ' lo& %!&c/ulo& ' #&$'l#c#- #l co$-'&$# 3u# #6!&$# #$-# #l /-!c!/!o %#l#-'%#c!!#$o /-o/!o #l %# l' u!l%'% l' '#'c! %# C-!&$o, #& %#c!-, #l/-!c!/!o %#l -#!o #&/!-!$u'l* E #l %#&$!o %# =u%'& +!#-o #l 4 ' 3u# co%uc# #l&#-+!c!o %# & !&o*"

"F!'l#$#, l' !&! %# C-!&$o cu/l! &u /-o/&!$o co #&$o& %!&c/ulo&* 8oco ' /oco&u #j#/lo " &u& l#cc!o#& %# '#'c! 'ol%'-o &u& c'-'c$#-#&* Su u#-$#%#&$-u &u #&/#-'9' %# -'%#9' u%''* L' c'%' %# 8#%-o, l' '/o&$'&' %# =u%'&,&u /-o/!o 7-'c'&o 'l ''%o'- ' C-!&$o cu'%o #&$'' # 'u&$!' /#l!-o, !c!#-o%#&'/'-#c#- &u co4'9' /-o/!'* V!#-o &u %#!l!%'%> +!#-o 'lo %# l' -'%#9' %# l'o-' 3u# l#& '' &!%o #co#%'%'> &!$!#-o l' #c#&!%'% %# 3u# #l M'#&$-o u!'-'c'%' uo %# &u& /'&o&*"

"S'' 3u# ' o #&$'-' co #llo& &u /-#&#c!' /#-&o'l, -#cooc!#-o, coo uc''$#&, #l +'lo- %# l'& o/o-$u!%'%#& 3u# '' $#!%o 'l '%'- 'l'- co #l E+!'%o%# D!o&* No '' '/-#c!'%o ! co/-#%!%o uc'& %# &u& l#cc!o#& # #l o#$o

cu'%o &# l'& '' %'%o> '#l'' -#co-%'-l'&, +ol+#- ' o- &u& /'l'-'&* Co 3u.o9o -#co-%'' l' /-o#&':"

S 22'

;K@"O& co+!## 3u# o # +''> /o-3u# &! o # 7u#-#, #l Co&ol'%o- o +#%-' '+o&o$-o&> '& &! # 7u#-#, o& lo #+!'-."* "To%'& l'& co&'& 3u# o %# ! 8'%-#, o& l'& #%'%o ' cooc#-"* "O& co+!## 3u# o # +''> /o-3u# &! o # 7u#-#, #l Co&ol'%o- o+#%-' ' +o&o$-o&> '& &! # 7u#-#, o& lo #+!'-."* "To%'& l'& co&'& 3u# o %# ! 8'%-#,o& l'& # %'%o ' cooc#-"* "#l Co&ol'%o-* * * ' 3u!# #l 8'%-# #+!'-5 # ! o-#, .lo& #&#'-5 $o%'& l'& co&'&, o& -#co-%'-5 $o%o lo 3u# o o& # %!co"#l Co&ol'%o-* * *' 3u!# #l 8'%-# #+!'-5 # ! o-#, .l o& #&#'-5 $o%'& l'& co&'&, o& -#co-%'-5$o%o lo 3u# o o& # %!co"* (No$': <=u' 1: > 1J: 1J> 1K: 2*)

"To%o lo 3u# $!## #l 8'%-# #& o"* "8#-o cu'%o +#' #l E&/-!$u %# +#-%'%, .l o&u!'-5 ' $o%' l' +#-%'%* /o-3u# $o'-5 %# lo o, o& lo '-5 &'#-"*"To%o lo 3u# $!###l 8'%-# #& o"* "8#-o cu'%o +#' #l E&/-!$u %# +#-%'%, .l o& u!'-5 ' $o%' l' +#-%'%*/o-3u# $o'-5 %# lo o, o& lo '-5 &'#-"*< (No$': <=u' 1: 1J, 1;, 1K*)

Lo& %!&c/ulo& '' +!&$o '&c#%#- ' C-!&$o cu'%o #&$'' #$-# #llo& # #l Mo$# %#lo& Ol!+o&* !#$-'& #l c!#lo lo -#c!', -#co-%'-o l' /-o#&' 3u# l#& '' #co 'l/'-$!-: " # '3u o #&$o co +o&o$-o& $o%o& lo& %'&, '&$' #l 4 %#l u%o"*Lo&%!&c/ulo& '' +!&$o '&c#%#- ' C-!&$o cu'%o #&$'' #$-# #llo& # #l Mo$# %# lo&Ol!+o&* !#$-'& #l c!#lo lo -#c!', -#co-%'-o l' /-o#&' 3u# l#& '' #co 'l /'-$!-:



" # '3u o #&$o co +o&o$-o& $o%o& lo& %'&, '&$' #l 4 %#l u%o"*< J (No$': < J)

S'' 3u# lo& 'co/''' ' &u &!/'$'* S'' 3u# $#' u R#/-#&#$'$#, uAo'%o, '$# #l $-oo %# D!o&* 8-#&#$'' &u& /#$!c!o#& # #l o-# %# =#&&,-#/!$!#%o l' /-o#&': "To%o cu'$o /!%!#-#!& 'l 8'%-# # ! o-#, o& lo %'-5"*S''3u# lo& 'co/''' ' &u &!/'$'* S'' 3u# $#' u R#/-#&#$'$#, u Ao'%o,'$# #l $-oo %# D!o&* 8-#&#$'' &u& /#$!c!o#& # #l o-# %# =#&&, -#/!$!#%o l'/-o#&': "To%o cu'$o /!%!#-#!& 'l 8'%-# # ! o-#, o& lo %'-5"*< (No$': <=u' 1:

2;*)L#+'$'' c'%' +#9 5& # 'l$o l' 'o %# l' 7#, co #&$# /o%#-o&o '-u#$o:"C-!&$o #& #l 3u# u-!> 5& ', #l 3u# $'!. -#&uc!$, #l 3u# '%#5& #&$5 ' l'%!#&$-' %# D!o&, #l 3u# $'!. !$#-c#%# /o- o&o$-o&"*L#+'$'' c'%' +#9 5& #'l$o l' 'o %# l' 7#, co #&$# /o%#-o&o '-u#$o: "C-!&$o #& #l 3u# u-!> 5& ', #l3u# $'!. -#&uc!$, #l 3u# '%#5& #&$5 ' l' %!#&$-' %# D!o&, #l 3u# $'!. !$#-c#%#/o- o&o$-o&"*< (No$': <Ro* : ;K*)

"F!#l ' &u /-o#&', #l S#- %!+!o, #6'l$'%o # l'& co-$#& c#l#&$!'l#&, !/'-$! 'lo %# &u/l#!$u% ' &u& &#u!%o-#& %# l' $!#--'* Su #$-o!9'c! ' l' %!#&$-' %# D!o& 7u# &#'l'%'/o- #l %#--''!#$o %#l E&/-!$u &o-# &u& %!&c/ulo&*"

"-'c!'& ' l' o-' %# C-!&$o, lo& %!&c/ulo& &!$!#-o &u #c#&!%'% %#l E&/-!$u> %#!%o ' l'#&#'9' %#l E&/-!$u, -#c!!#-o &u /-#/'-'c! 4'l &'l!#-o ' 'c#- l' o-' %# &u&+!%'&*"

D#j'-o %# &#- !o-'$#& # !cul$o&* D#j'-o %# &#- u coju$o %# u!%'%#&!%#/#%!#$#& o %# #l##$o& %!&co-%'$#& '$'!co&* D#j'-o %# /o#- &u&#&/#-'9'& # l'& -'%#9'& u%''&* E-' "u5!#&"D#j'-o %# &#- !o-'$#& #!cul$o&* D#j'-o %# &#- u coju$o %# u!%'%#& !%#/#%!#$#& o %# #l##$o&%!&co-%'$#& '$'!co&* D#j'-o %# /o#- &u& #&/#-'9'& # l'& -'%#9'&u%''&* E-' "u5!#&", "%# u !&o co-'9 u' !&' 'l'"%# u !&oco-'9 u' !&' 'l'"* C-!&$o ocu/'' &u& /#&'!#$o&* El /-o-#&o %# &u -#!o

#-' l' #$' 3u# $#'* T'$o # #$# coo # c'-5c$#- &# '' '&##j'%o ' &uM'#&$-o, lo& o-#& "-#cooc' 3u# '' #&$'%o co =#&&*"-#cooc' 3u# ''#&$'%o co =#&&*"< (No$': <#c* K: 1;*)

"uo #$oc#& u' -#+#l'c! %# l' lo-!' %# C-!&$o $'l coo uc' '$#& '' &!%o+!&$' /o- #l o-#* Mul$!$u%#& 3u# '' %#!-'%o &u o-# %#&/-#c!'%o &u /o%#-,co7#&'-o #$oc#& 3u# #-' %!&c/ulo& %#l C-uc!4c'%o* -'c!'& ' l' coo/#-'c! %#lE&/-!$u %!+!o, l'& l'o-#& %# lo& o-#& u!l%#& " ' 3u!##& C-!&$o '' #&co!%ocoo+!#-o 'l u%o* E u' ##-'c! #l E+'#l!o ll# ' $o%' 'c! 3u# #6!&$''jo #l c!#lo*"

C-!&$o ' #c'-'%o 'l !&o E&/-!$u 3u# #+! # &u lu'- coo I&$-uc$o- %# &u&col'o-'%o-#&, /'-' 3u# &#' #l I&$-uc$o- %# &u& col'o-'%o-#& %# l' 'c$u'l!%'%* " #'3u o #&$o co +o&o$-o& $o%o& lo& %'&, '&$' #l 4 %#l u%o"C-!&$o ' #c'-'%o 'l!&o E&/-!$u 3u# #+! # &u lu'- coo I&$-uc$o- %# &u& col'o-'%o-#&, /'-' 3u#&#' #l I&$-uc$o- %# &u& col'o-'%o-#& %# l' 'c$u'l!%'%* " # '3u o #&$o co +o&o$-o&$o%o& lo& %'&, '&$' #l 4 %#l u%o"<, (No$': <, #& &u /-o#&'*)

D 2;'

;J@"L' /-#&#c!' %#l !&o u' # l' o-' #%uc'$!+' %# u#&$-o& %'& /-o%uc!-5 lo&!&o& -#&ul$'%o& 3u# # l' '$!#%'%* A #&$# 4 $!#%# l' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c!> .&$'#& l' o-' 3u# D!o& 3u!#-# 3u# &# ll#+# ' c'o* "



"Co&!%#-' l'& '-'+!ll'&* * *%#l 8#-7#c$o # &'!%u-'"%ios en la 'aturale3a4

"Su lo-!' cu-! lo& c!#lo&, l' $!#--' &# ll# %# &u 'l''9'"*"

EN TODAS l'& co&'& c-#'%'& &# +# #l &#llo %# l' D#!%'%* L' '$u-'l#9' %' $#&$!o!o %#D!o&* L' #$# &#&!l#, /u#&$' # co$'c$o co #l !l'-o #l !&$#-!o %#l u!+#-&o, o/u#%# %#j'- %# -#cooc#- l' o-' %#l /o%#- !4!$o* L' /-o%ucc! 'u%'$# %# l' $!#--' #l o+!!#$o 3u# #7#c$' 'o $-'& 'o 'l-#%#%o- %#l &ol, o &# %## ' &u ##-'!#-#$#* U' 'o !+!&!l# u' ' lo& /l'#$'& # #l -#co--!%o %# &u& -!$'& c#l#&$#&*U' +!%' !&$#-!o&' &'$u-' $o%' l' '$u-'l#9': U' +!%' 3u# &o&$!## lo& !u#-'l#&u%o& 3u# /u#l' l' !#&!%'%> 3u# 'l!#$' # #l !&culo !&#c$o 3u# ?o$' # #lc.4-o #&$!+'l> 3u# &o&$!## #l +u#lo %# l' olo%-!' 'l!#$' ' lo& /!co#& %#cu#-+o& 3u# -'9'> 3u# 'c# ?o-#c#- #l /!/ollo co+!#-$# # 7-u$o l' ?o-*

El !&o /o%#- 3u# &o&$!## l' '$u-'l#9', o-' $'!. # #l o-#* L'& !&'&-'%#& l##& 3u# u' !u'l#$# ' l' #&$-#ll' 'l 5$oo, -!# l' +!%' u''* L'&l##& 3u# o!#-' l' 'cc! %#l co-'9 /'-' -#ul'- l' &'l!%' %# l' co--!#$# %# +!%' 'lcu#-/o, &o l'& l##& %# l' /o%#-o&' I$#l!#c!' 3u# $!## ju-!&%!cc! &o-# #l 'l'* D#

#&' I$#l!#c!' /-oc#%# $o%' l' +!%'* U!c'#$# # l' '-o' co D!o& &# /u#%#'ll'- l' +#-%'%#-' #&7#-' %# 'cc! %# l' +!%'* L' co%!c! /'-' $o%o& lo& oj#$o& %# &uc-#'c! #& l' !&': U' +!%' &o&$#!%' /o- l' +!%' 3u# &# -#c!# %# D!o&, u' +!%' 3u##&$. # '-o' co l' +olu$'% %#l C-#'%o-* T-'&-#%!- &u l#, 7&!c', #$'l o o-'l,&!!4c' /#-%#- l' '-o' co #l u!+#-&o, !$-o%uc!- %!&co-%!', ''-3u' -u!'*

To%' l' '$u-'l#9' &# !lu!' /'-' '3u#l 3u# '/-#%# '& ' !$#-/-#$'- &u& #&#'9'&>#l u%o #& u l!-o %# $#6$o> l' +!%', u' #&cu#l'* L' u!%'% %#l o-# co l''$u-'l#9' co D!o&, #l %o!!o u!+#-&'l %# l' l#, lo& -#&ul$'%o& %# l' $-'&-#&!,o /u#%# %#j'- %# 'c#- !/-#&! # l' #$# o%#l'- #l c'-5c$#-*

E&$'& &o l'& l#cc!o#& 3u# u#&$-o& !o& %## '/-#%#-* 8'-' #l !!$o 3u# ' o #&

c'/'9 %# c'/$'- lo 3u# &# #&#' /o- #%!o %# l' /5!' !/-#&' o %# &#- !!c!'%o # l'-u$!' %#l 'ul', l' '$u-'l#9' /-#&#$' u' 7u#$# !7'l!l# %# !&$-ucc! %#l#!$#* Elco-'9 3u# ' o ' &!%o #%u-#c!%o /o- #l co$'c$o co #l 'l, #& /#-&/!c'9 /'-'-#cooc#- l' 8-#&#c!' 3u# /##$-' $o%'& l'& co&'& c-#'%'&* El o%o 3u# o ' &!%o#$o-/#c!%o /o- #l +oc#-o %#l u%o, #&$5 '$#$o ' l' Vo9 3u# 'l' /o- #%!o %# l'&#6/-#&!o#& %# l' '$u-'l#9'* /'-' lo& %# 5& #%'%, 3u# #c#&!$' co$!u'#$# lo&&!l#c!o&o& -#co-%'$!+o& %# lo #&/!-!$u'l lo #$#-o, l' #&#'9' %# l' '$u-'l#9' o%#j'-5 %# &#- u' 7u#$# %# /l'c#- # !&$-ucc!* A& coo lo& o-'%o-#& %#l E%.'/-#%!#-o %# l'& /5!'& %# l' '$u-'l#9', '& coo Mo!&.& /#-c!! lo 3u# D!o& ''#&c-!$o # lo& ll'o& l'& o$''& %# A-'!', #l !o =#&& # lo& c#--o& %# N'9'-#$,lo& !o& %# o %' $'!. /u#%# '/-#%#- %#l C-#'%o-* Lo +!&!l# !lu&$-' lo !+!&!l#*

E $o%'& l'& co&'& 3u# ' &o-# l' $!#--', %#&%# #l 5-ol 5& 'l$o %#l o&3u# '&$' #ll!3u# 3u# &# '%!#-# ' l' -oc', %#&%# #l oc.'o &! l!$#& '&$' l' coc' 5&%!!u$' %# l' /l'', /u#%# co$#/l'- l' !'# l' !&c-!/c! %# D!o&*

'&$' %o%# &#' /o&!l#, col3u#&# 'l !o, %#&%# &u 5& $!#-' #%'%, # &!$u'c! $'l3u# &# '-' '$# .l #&$# '-'+!llo&o l!-o %# $#6$o* Co$#/l# .l l'& lo-!o&'& #&c#'&/!$'%'& /o- #l -' A-$!&$' '#&$-o # l'& $#l'& +'-!'l#& %# lo& c!#lo&> 7'!l!'-c#&# col'& '-'+!ll'& %# l' $!#--' #l '-, o&#-+# lo& !&$#-!o& -#+#l'%o& /o- l'& %!+#-&'&#&$'c!o#& '/-#%' %#l C-#'%o- # $o%'& &u& o-'&*

D# ! o$-o o%o /u#%# /o#-&# co $'$' 4-#9' &#u-!%'% #l c!!#$o %# u'



+#-%'%#-' #%uc'c!* S! #'-o, '&$' #l !o, 'l /o#-&# # co$'c$o co l''$u-'l#9', 'll'-5 c'u&'& %# /#-/l#j!%'%* No /u#%# %#j'- %# -#cooc#- l' o-' %#7u#-9'& '$'!c'&* E #&$o l' '$u-'l#9' #c#&!$' u !$.-/-#$#* Al +#- #l 'l'!4#&$o '&$' # #l u%o '$u-'l, $o%o& $!## 3u# '/-#%#- l' !&' $-!&$# l#cc!:"U ##!o ' #co #&$o"*"U ##!o ' #co #&$o"*< (No$': <M'$* 1;: 2*)

"Slo &# /u#%# l##- %#!%'#$# l' #&#'9' %# l' '$u-'l#9' ' l' lu9 3u# /-oc#%# %#lC'l+'-!o* 5'&# +#- /o- #%!o %# l' !&$o-!' %# B#l. %# l' c-u9 cu5 u#o #& +#c#-

#l 'l, co co&$!$u# u %o %# l' -#%#c! c'%' #%!c! 3u# -#c!!o&*""E l' 9'-9' l' #&/!', #l '-ojo l' c!9'', #&$5 -#/-#&#$'%o #l 'l 3u# '-c!$' %#&4u-'* E #l c'$o %#l /5j'-o #l /!/ollo 3u# &# '-#, # l' llu+!' l' lu9 %#l &ol, #l' -!&' #&$!+'l # #l &u'+# -oco, # %!#9 !l oj#$o& %# l' '$u-'l#9', %#&%# #l c#%-o%#l o&3u# '&$' l' +!ol#$' 3u# ?o-#c# ' &u /!#, &# +# #l 'o- 3u# -#&$'u-'* l''$u-'l#9' o& 'l' $o%'+' %# l' o%'% %# D!o&*"

L 2K'

;@"8o-3u# o &. lo& /#&'!#$o& 3u# $#o 'c#-c' %# +o&o$-o&, %!c# =#o+5,/#&'!#$o& %# /'9, o %# 'l"*"8o-3u# o &. lo& /#&'!#$o& 3u# $#o 'c#-c' %#+o&o$-o&, %!c# =#o+5, /#&'!#$o& %# /'9, o %# 'l"*< E&$# #& #l #&'j# 3u#, ' l'lu9 3u# /-oc#%# %# l' c-u9, %## l##-&# # $o%' l' '$u-'l#9'* Lo& c!#lo& %#cl'-' l'lo-!' %# D!o&, l' $!#--' #&$5 ll#' %# &u& -!3u#9'&* (No$': < E&$# #& #l #&'j# 3u#, ' l'

lu9 3u# /-oc#%# %# l' c-u9, %## l##-&# # $o%' l' '$u-'l#9'* Lo& c!#lo& %#cl'-' l'lo-!' %# D!o&, l' $!#--' #&$5 ll#' %# &u& -!3u#9'&*)

Lecciones de la 0ida

"'l' ' l' $!#--', #ll' $# #&#'-5"*"

EL RAN M'#&$-o /u&o ' &u& o#$#& # co$'c$o co l' '$u-'l#9', /'-' 3u# o#-' l'+o9 3u# 'l' # $o%'& l'& co&'& c-#'%'&, ' #%!%' 3u# &u& co-'9o#& &# 'c' 5&&#&!l#& &u& #$#& 5& -#c#/$!+'&, l#& 'u%'' ' !$#-/-#$'- l' #&#'9' #&/!-!$u'l%# l'& #&c#'& 3u# co$#/l'' &u& ojo&* L'& /'-5ol'&, /o- #%!o %# l'& cu'l#& l#u&$'' #&#'- l#cc!o#& %# +#-%'%, u#&$-' cu5 '!#-$o #&$'' &u #&/-!$u ' l'&

!?u#c!'& %# l' '$u-'l#9' co l# '-'%'' #6$-'#- l' #&#'9' #&/!-!$u'l %#l'!#$# # 3u# $-'&cu--' l' +!%' %!'-!'*

C-!&$o &# +'l' %# l'& '+#& %#l c!#lo, lo& l!-!o& %#l c'/o, #l &#-'%o- l' &#!ll', #l/'&$o- l'& o+#j'&, /'-' !lu&$-'- +#-%'%#& !o-$'l#&* T'!. o$#' !lu&$-'c!o#& %#lo& 'co$#c!!#$o& %# l' +!%', %# co&'& 7'!l!'-#& ' &u& o#$#&, $'l#& coo l'l#+'%u-', #l $#&o-o #&co%!%o, l' /#-l', l' -#% %#l /#&c'%o-, l' o#%' /#-%!%', #l !jo/-%!o, l'& c'&'& co&$-u!%'& # l' '-#' # l' -oc'* E &u& l#cc!o#& '' 'lo /'-'!$#-#&'- ' c'%' #$#, # !/-#&!o'- c'%' co-'9* D# #&# o%o l' $'-#' %!'-!', # +#9%# &#- u' &#-!# -#/#$!%' %# $-''jo&, #6#$' %# /#&'!#$o& #l#+'%o&, -#&ul$'''!'%' /o- -#cu#-%o& co&$'$#& %# lo #&/!-!$u'l lo !+!&!l#*

D#l !&o o%o %##-'o& #&#'- o&o$-o&* A/-#%' lo& !o& ' +#- # l''$u-'l#9' u' #6/-#&! %#l 'o- %# l' &'!%u-' %# D!o&> +!cl#&# #l coc#/$o %#lC-#'%o- 'l '+#, l' ?o- #l 5-ol> ll#u# $o%'& l'& co&'& +!&!l#& ' &#- /'-' #llo&!$.-/-#$#& %# lo !+!&!l# $o%o& lo& &uc#&o& %# l' +!%' #%!o& %# #&#'9' %!+!'*

Al !&o $!#/o 3u# '/-#%# '& ' #&$u%!'- l#cc!o#& 3u# #&#' $o%'& l'& co&'&c-#'%'& $o%'& l'& c!-cu&$'c!'& %# l' +!%', u.&$-#&# 3u# l'& !&'& l##& 3u# -!#l'& co&'& %# l' '$u-'l#9' lo& &uc#&o& %# l' +!%', %## -#!-o& ' o&o$-o&> 3u# &o/-oul'%'& /'-' u#&$-o !#> 3u# !c'#$# o#%#c!.%ol'& /o%#o& 'll'-7#l!c!%'% .6!$o +#-%'%#-o&*



L& LE* %EL $ERVICI#

T'$o l'& co&'& %#l c!#lo coo l'& %# l' $!#--' %#cl'-' 3u# l' -' l# %# l' +!%' #& u'l# %# &#-+!c!o* El 8'%-# !4!$o cu!%' l' +!%' %# $o%' co&' '!'%'* C-!&$o +!o ' l' $!#--'"coo #l 3u# &!-+#"*"coo #l 3u# &!-+#"*< Lo& 5#l#& &o "#&/-!$u& !!&$-'%o-#&,#+!'%o& /'-' &#-+!c!o ' 7'+o- %# lo& 3u# &#-5 #-#%#-o& %# l' &'l+'c!"*< L' !&'l# %# &#-+!c!o #&$5 !/-#&' # $o%o& lo& oj#$o& %# l' '$u-'l#9'* L'& '+#& %#l c!#lo, l'&

#&$!'& %#l c'/o, lo& 5-ol#& %#l o&3u#, l'& oj'&, #l /'&$o l'& ?o-#&, #l &ol # lo&c!#lo& l'& #&$-#ll'& %# lu9, $o%o& $!## &u !!&$#-!o* El l'o #l oc.'o, #l -o #l''$!'l, $o%o& $o' /'-' %'-*< L' !&' l# %# &#-+!c!o #&$5 !/-#&' # $o%o& lo&oj#$o& %# l' '$u-'l#9'* L'& '+#& %#l c!#lo, l'& #&$!'& %#l c'/o, lo& 5-ol#& %#lo&3u#, l'& oj'&, #l /'&$o l'& ?o-#&, #l &ol # lo& c!#lo& l'& #&$-#ll'& %# lu9, $o%o&$!## &u !!&$#-!o* El l'o #l oc.'o, #l -o #l ''$!'l, $o%o& $o' /'-' %'-*(No$': < Lo& 5#l#& &o "#&/-!$u& !!&$-'%o-#&, #+!'%o& /'-' &#-+!c!o ' 7'+o- %# lo&3u# &#-5 #-#%#-o& %# l' &'l+'c!"*)

C'%' oj#$o %# l' '$u-'l#9', 'l !&o $!#/o 3u# co$-!u# ' l' +!%' %#l u%o,'&#u-' l' &u'* No #o& #&$5 #&c-!$' # l' '$u-'l#9' 3u# # l'& /5!'& %# l'&S'-'%'& E&c-!$u-'&, l' l#cc!: "D'%, &# o& %'-5"*C'%' oj#$o %# l' '$u-'l#9', 'l

!&o $!#/o 3u# co$-!u# ' l' +!%' %#l u%o, '&#u-' l' &u'* No #o& #&$5#&c-!$' # l' '$u-'l#9' 3u# # l'& /5!'& %# l'& S'-'%'& E&c-!$u-'&, l' l#cc!: "D'%, &# o& %'-5"*< (No$': <Luc* : ;*)

"Al '-!- lo& c#--o& l'& ll'u-'& u c''l /'-' 3u# #l $o--#$# %# l' o$'' ll#u# /o-.l '&$' #l '-, lo 3u# %' l#& #& %#+u#l$o c#$u/l!c'%o* El '--oo 3u# -#co--# &u c'!ou-u-'%o, %#j' $-'& & &u %o %# #ll#9' 7#-$!l!%'%* A $-'+.& %# lo& c'/o&,%#&u%o& $o&$'%o& 'jo #l c'lo- %#l +#-'o, u' " l#' %# +#-%o- '-c' #l cu-&o %#l-o> c'%' 5-ol ol#, c'%' -o$#, c'%' /!/ollo, #& u $#&$!o %# l' -#co/#&' 3u# l'-'c!' %# D!o& %#c-#$' /'-' $o%o& lo& 3u# ll#' ' &#- &u& #%!o& %# cou!c'c! co#l u%o*"

M 2J'

;@ L& $IEMBR& EC& C#' FE

"D# l'& l#cc!o#& c'&! !u#-'l#& #&#'%'& /o- lo& %!+#-&o& /-oc#&o& %#lc-#c!!#$o, 'lu'& %# l'& 5& /-#c!o&'& &o $-'&!$!%'& /o- #%!o %# l' /'-5ol' %#lc-#c!!#$o %# l' &#!ll', %'%' /o- #l S'l+'%o-* Su& l#cc!o#& co+!## ' j+##& +!#jo&*"

"A& #& #l -#!o %# D!o&, coo cu'%o u o-# #c' &#!ll' # l' $!#--'> %u#-# &#l#+'$', %# oc# %# %', l' &#!ll' -o$' c-#c# &! 3u# .l &#/' co* 8o-3u# %#&uo ll#+' 7-u$o l' $!#--', /-!#-o !#-', lu#o #&/!', %#&/u.& -'o ll#o # l'#&/!'"*"A& #& #l -#!o %# D!o&, coo cu'%o u o-# #c' &#!ll' # l' $!#--'>

%u#-# &# l#+'$', %# oc# %# %', l' &#!ll' -o$' c-#c# &! 3u# .l &#/' co*8o-3u# %# &uo ll#+' 7-u$o l' $!#--', /-!#-o !#-', lu#o #&/!', %#&/u.& -'o ll#o #l' #&/!'"*< (No$': <M'-* K: 22*)

"L' &#!ll' /o&## l' c'/'c!%'% %# #-!'- !/l'$'%' /o- D!o& !&o> &! #'-o,''%o'%' ' &u &u#-$#, o $#%-' /o%#- /'-' -o$'-* El o-# $!## 3u# 'c#- &u/'-$# /'-' #&$!ul'- #l c-#c!!#$o %#l -'o, /#-o 7u#-' %# #&o, o /u#%# 'c#- '%'*D## %#/#%#- %# A3u#l 3u# ' l!'%o l' &!#-' l' &!#' co lo& #&l'o#&'-'+!llo&o& %# &u /o%#- o!/o$#$#*"

"' +!%' # l' &#!ll', ' /o%#- # #l &u#lo, /#-o ' #o& 3u# #l /o%#- !4!$o $-''j#



%' oc#, l' &#!ll' o %'-5 7-u$o* L'& llu+!'& %## -#7-#&c'- lo& c'/o& &#%!#$o&> #l&ol %## !/'-$!- c'lo-> l' #l#c$-!c!%'% %## ll#'- '&$' l' &#!ll' &#/ul$'%'* Slo #lC-#'%o- /u#%# ll''- ' #6!&$#c!' l' +!%' 3u# .l ' !/l'$'%o* To%' &#!ll' c-#c# $o%' /l'$' &# %#&'--oll' /o- #l /o%#- %# D!o&*"

"L' &#!ll' #& l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&"* "8o-3u# coo l' $!#--' /-o%uc# &u -#u#+o, coo #lu#-$o 'c# "L' &#!ll' #& l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&"* "8o-3u# coo l' $!#--' /-o%uc# &u-#u#+o, coo #l u#-$o 'c# 10J -o$'- &u &#!ll', '& =#o+5 #l S#o- '-5 -o$'-

ju&$!c!' 'l''9' %#l'$# %# $o%'& l'& 'c!o#&"* -o$'- &u &#!ll', '& =#o+5 #l S#o-'-5 -o$'- ju&$!c!' 'l''9' %#l'$# %# $o%'& l'& 'c!o#&"*< (No$': <E l' &!#-'#&/!-!$u'l ocu--# lo !&o 3u# # l' '$u-'l: El !co /o%#- 3u# /u#%# /-o%uc!- +!%'/-oc#%# %# D!o&*)

L' o-' %#l &#-'%o- #& u' o-' %# 7#* No /u#%# co/-#%#- #l !&$#-!o %# l'#-!'c! %#l c-#c!!#$o %# l' &#!ll', /#-o $!## co4'9' # lo& !&$-u#$o& /o-#%!o %# lo& cu'l#& D!o& /-o%uc# l' +##$'c!* Ec' l' &#!ll', co l' #&/#-'9' %#-#co#-l' ul$!/l!c'%' # u' co&#c' 'u%'$#* D#l !&o o%o %## $-''j'- lo&/'%-#& '#&$-o&, co l' #&/#-'9' %# -#co#- u' co&#c' %# l' &#!ll' 3u# &!#-'*

Du-'$# 'l $!#/o l' u#' &#!ll' /u#%# /#-'#c#- # #l co-'9 &! &#- o$'%', &! %'- #+!%#c!' %# '#- #c'%o -'c#&, /#-o 5& $'-%#, 'l %'- #l E&/-!$u %# D!o&'l!#$o 'l 'l', l' &#!ll' ocul$' -o$'-5, 'l 4 %'-5 7-u$o* E l' o-' %# u#&$-' +!%' o&'#o& 3u. /-o&/#-'-5, &! #&$o o '3u#llo* No o& $oc' ' o&o$-o& -#&ol+#- #&$#/-ol#'* "8o- l' ''' &!#-' $u &#!ll', ' l' $'-%# o %#j#& -#/o&'- $u 'o"*"8o-l' ''' &!#-' $u &#!ll', ' l' $'-%# o %#j#& -#/o&'- $u 'o"*< "!#$-'& l'$!#--' /#-'#9c', o c#&'-5 l' &##$#-' l' &!#'"< 8u#&$o 3u# co7' # #&$'/-o#&', #l '-!cul$o- '-' &!#-'* Al $-''j'- # l' &!#-' #&/!-!$u'l, o %##o&$##- #o& co4'9' # #&$' /-o#&': "A& &#-5 ! /'l'-' 3u# &'l# %# ! oc'> o+ol+#-5 ' +'c', &!o 3u# '-5 lo 3u# o 3u!#-o, &#-5 /-o&/#-'%' # '3u#llo& /'-'3u# l' #+!."* "I-5 '%'%o llo-'%o #l 3u# ll#+' l' /-#c!o&' &#!ll'> '& +ol+#-5 '+#!- co -#oc!jo, $-'#%o &u& '+!ll'&"*< 8u#&$o 3u# co7' # #&$' /-o#&', #l

'-!cul$o- '-' &!#-'* Al $-''j'- # l' &!#-' #&/!-!$u'l, o %##o& $##- #o&co4'9' # #&$' /-o#&': "A& &#-5 ! /'l'-' 3u# &'l# %# ! oc'> o +ol+#-5 ' +'c', &!o 3u# '-5 lo 3u# o 3u!#-o, &#-5 /-o&/#-'%' # '3u#llo& /'-' 3u# l' #+!."*"I-5 '%'%o llo-'%o #l 3u# ll#+' l' /-#c!o&' &#!ll'> '& +ol+#-5 ' +#!- co -#oc!jo,$-'#%o &u& '+!ll'&"* (No$': <El -' /'c$o %# D!o& %#cl'-' 3u# "!#$-'& l' $!#--'/#-'#9c', o c#&'-5 l' &##$#-' l' &!#'")

"L' #-!'c! %# l' &#!ll' -#/-#&#$' #l co!#9o %# l' +!%' #&/!-!$u'l, #l %#&'--ollo%# l' /l'$' #& u' 4u-' %#l %#&'--ollo %#l c'-5c$#-* No " /u#%# '#- +!%' &!c-#c!!#$o* L' /l'$' c-#c#, o u#-#* D#l !&o o%o 3u# &u c-#c!!#$o #&&!l#c!o&o, !/#-c#/$!l# /#-o co$!uo, '& #& $'!. #l c-#c!!#$o %#l c'-5c$#-* E

cu'l3u!#- #$'/' %#l %#&'--ollo, u#&$-' +!%' /u#%# &#- /#-7#c$'> &! #'-o, &! &#cu/l# #l /-o/&!$o %# D!o& /'-' o&o$-o&, '-5 u /-o-#&o co&$'$#*"

L' /l'$' c-#c# /o-3u# -#c!# lo 3u# D!o& ' /-o+!&$o /'-' '$##- &u +!%'* D#l !&oo%o &# lo-' #l c-#c!!#$o #&/!-!$u'l /o- #%!o %# l' coo/#-'c! co lo& '#$#&%!+!o&* A& coo l' /l'$' &# '--'!' # #l &u#lo, o&o$-o& %##o& '--'!'-o& #C-!&$o*

M 2'

;@ A& coo l' /l'$' -#c!# l' lu9 %#l &ol, #l -oco l' llu+!', o&o$-o& %##o& -#c!!-#l E&/-!$u S'$o* S! u#&$-o& co-'9o#& &# '/o' # C-!&$o, .l +#%-5 ' o&o$-o& "cool' llu+!' $'-%' $#/-'' ' l' $!#--'"*L' /l'$' c-#c# /o-3u# -#c!# lo 3u# D!o& '/-o+!&$o /'-' '$##- &u +!%'* D#l !&o o%o &# lo-' #l c-#c!!#$o #&/!-!$u'l /o-



#%!o %# l' coo/#-'c! co lo& '#$#& %!+!o&* A& coo l' /l'$' &# '--'!' # #l&u#lo, o&o$-o& %##o& '--'!'-o& # C-!&$o* A& coo l' /l'$' -#c!# l' lu9 %#l &ol, #l-oco l' llu+!', o&o$-o& %##o& -#c!!- #l E&/-!$u S'$o* S! u#&$-o& co-'9o#& &#'/o' # C-!&$o, .l +#%-5 ' o&o$-o& "coo l' llu+!' $'-%' $#/-'' ' l' $!#--'"*O&#*: ;*< Coo #l Sol %# =u&$!c!', &# l#+'$'-5 &o-# o&o$-o& " # &u& 'l'& $-'#-5&'l+'c!"*M'l* K: 2*<C-#c#-#o& "coo l!-!o"* M'l* K: 2*<C-#c#-#o& "coo l!-!o"* No&+!+!4c'-#o& "coo $-!o" "coo $-!o" ?o-#c#-#o& "coo l' +!%"* "coo l' +!%"*O&#*1K: 1J, *< (No$': O&#* : ;*< Coo #l Sol %# =u&$!c!', &# l#+'$'-5 &o-# o&o$-o& " #

&u& 'l'& $-'#-5 &'l+'c!"*O&#* 1K: 1J, *< )El /-oc#&o %#l c-#c!!#$o %#l $-!o #& coo &!u#: "8-!#-o !#-', lu#o #&/!',%#&/u.& -'o ll#o # l' #&/!'"*El /-oc#&o %#l c-#c!!#$o %#l $-!o #& coo &!u#:"8-!#-o !#-', lu#o #&/!', %#&/u.& -'o ll#o # l' #&/!'"*M'-* K* 2*< El /-o/&!$o3u# $!## #l '-!cul$o- 'l &#-'- l' &#!ll' cul$!+'- l' /l'$', #& o$##- #l -'o: /'/'-' #l '-!#$o &#!ll' /'-' co&#c'& 7u$u-'&* A& $'!. #&/#-' u' co&#c' #lA-!cul$o- %!+!o* T-'$' %# -#/-o%uc!-&# # #l co-'9 # l' +!%' %# &u& &#u!%o-#&, /'-'3u# /o- #%!o %# #llo& /u#%' &#- -#/-o%uc!%o # o$-'& +!%'& o$-o& co-'9o#&* (No$':M'-* K* 2*< El /-o/&!$o 3u# $!## #l '-!cul$o- 'l &#-'- l' &#!ll' cul$!+'- l' /l'$',#& o$##- #l -'o: /' /'-' #l '-!#$o &#!ll' /'-' co&#c'& 7u$u-'&* A&$'!. #&/#-' u' co&#c' #l A-!cul$o- %!+!o* T-'$' %# -#/-o%uc!-&# # #l co-'9

# l' +!%' %# &u& &#u!%o-#&, /'-' 3u# /o- #%!o %# #llo& /u#%' &#- -#/-o%uc!%o #o$-'& +!%'& o$-o& co-'9o#&*)

El %#&'--ollo -'%u'l %# l' /l'$' ' /'-$!- %# l' &#!ll', #& u' !lu&$-'c! %# l' #%uc'c!%#l !o "8-!#-o !#-', lu#o #&/!', %#&/u.& -'o ll#o # l' #&/!'"*El %#&'--ollo-'%u'l %# l' /l'$' ' /'-$!- %# l' &#!ll', #& u' !lu&$-'c! %# l' #%uc'c! %#l !o"8-!#-o !#-', lu#o #&/!', %#&/u.& -'o ll#o # l' #&/!'"*M'-* K: 2*< 10 (No$':M'-* K: 2*< El 3u# %!o #&$' /'-5ol', c-# l' &#!ll!$', l# %!o &u& /-o/!#%'%#& +!$'l#& %!c$ l'& l##& 3u# -!# &u c-#c!!#$o* l'& +#-%'%#& #&#'%'& /o- l' /'-5ol'7u#-o #c'& u' -#'l!%'% # &u /-o/!' +!%'* El, l' M'j#&$'% %#l c!#lo, #l R# %# lo-!',&# !9o c-!'$u-' # B#l., -#/-#&#$ /o- u $!#/o ' l' !7'c!' !/o$#$# 3u#%#/#%# %#l cu!%'%o '$#-o* E &u !#9 'l &# co%ujo coo !o, o- ' &u&

/'%-#&, -#'l!9 &u& %#&#o& # 7o-' $!l* 8#-o ' /'-$!- %#l /-!#- %#&$#llo %#!$#l!#c!', 7u# c-#c!#%o co&$'$##$# # -'c!' # cooc!!#$o %# l' +#-%'%*)

Lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o& %#!#-' /-o/o#-&# cul$!+'- %# $'l o%o l'& $#%#c!'& %# lo& j+##& 3u#, # c'%' #$'/' %# l' +!%', .&$o& -#/-#&#$# l' %#!%' #ll#9' %# #&#/#-o%o, 3u# &# %#&'--oll# '$u-'l#$#, coo lo 'c# l'& /l'$'& %#l j'-%*

Lo& !!$o& %##-' &#- #%uc'%o& co &#c!ll#9 !7'$!l* D##-' #&#5-&#l#& 'co7o-'-&# co lo& %##-#& &!/l#& $!l#& lo& /l'c#-#& # !c!%#$#& '$u-'l#& ' &u&'o&* L' !#9 co--#&/o%# ' l' !#-' %# l' /'-5ol', l' !#-' $!## u' #ll#9'/#cul!'-* No &# %##-' 7o-9'- # lo& !o& #l %#&'--ollo %# u' '%u-#9 /-#co9, &!o 3u#

&# %##-' $-'$'- %# co&#-+'-, $'$o $!#/o coo 7u#-' /o&!l#, l' 7-#&cu-' l' -'c!'%# &u& /-!#-o& 'o&* Cu'$o 5& $-'3u!l' &#c!ll' &#' l' +!%' %#l !o, cu'$o #o&'7#c$'%' /o- l' #6c!$'c! '-$!4c!'l 5& # '-o' co l' '$u-'l#9', 5& 7'+o-'l#&&#-5 /'-' #l +!o- 7&!co #$'l, l' 7u#-9' #&/!-!$u'l*

El !l'-o %#l S'l+'%o-, 'l 'l!#$'- ' lo& c!co !l, !lu&$-' l' o-' %#l /o%#- %# D!o& #l' /-o%ucc! %# l' co&#c'* =#&& %#&co--# #l +#lo %#l u%o %# l' '$u-'l#9', -#+#l'l' ##-' c-#'%o-' #j#-c!%' co&$'$##$# /'-' u#&$-o !#* Al ul$!/l!c'- l' &#!ll'&#-'%' # #l &u#lo, #l 3u# ul$!/l!c lo& /'#& 'c# u !l'-o $o%o& lo& %'&* 10 8o-#%!o %# u !l'-o 'l!#$' co&$'$##$# ' !llo#& %# /#-&o'& co l'& !#&#& %#l' $!#--'* S# ll'' ' lo& o-#& ' coo/#-'- co .l # #l cu!%'%o %#l -'o l'



/-#/'-'c! %#l /', /o- #&$# o$!+o /!#-%# %# +!&$' 'l !&$-u#$o %!+!o* S#'$-!u# l' o-' %# &u /o%#- ' c'u&'& '$u-'l#& o ' #%!o& u'o& , co %#'&!'%'7-#cu#c!', &# /#-+!#-$# &u& %o#& %5%ol#& u u&o #o&$' co+!-$!.%olo& '& # u''l%!c! # +#9 %# u' #%!c!* D!o& #&$5 /-ocu-'%o c'!'- $o%o #&$o* D#&#' 3u#u#&$-o& &#$!%o& #$o-/#c!%o& &# '+!+# /'-' /#-c!!- &u o%'% !&#-!co-%!o&', 3u#&u& %o#& &#' /'-' o&o$-o& l' #%!c! 3u# .l &# /-o/o' 3u# 7u#&#*

L' /'l'-' %# D!o&, l' $-'&!&! %# &u +!%', #& lo 3u# %' +!%' ' l' &#!ll' , 'l co#- #l

-'o, o& 'c#o& /'-$c!/#& %# #&' +!%'* D!o& %#&#' 3u# co/-#%'o& #&o> 3u!#-#3u# ' 'l -#c!!- u#&$-o /' co$!%!'o, -#coo9c'o& &u !$#-+#c! 'lc'c#o&u' cou! 5& $!' co .l*

S# l'& l##& %# D!o& 3u# -!# # l' '$u-'l#9', #l #7#c$o &!u# ' l' c'u&' co!+'-!'l# &#u-!%'%* L' &!#' #& u $#&$!o!o %# l' &!#-'* A3u o ' &!ul'c!/o&!l#* Lo& o-#& /u#%# #''- ' &u& &##j'$#& -#c!!- 'l''9' co/#&'c! /o- u &#-+!c!o 3u# o ' /-#&$'%o* 8#-o # l' '$u-'l#9' o /u#%#'#- #'o* L' co&#c' %!c$' &#$#c!' %# co%#'c! /'-' #l '-!cul$o- !4#l* #&u &#$!%o &u/#-!o-, #&$o &# '/l!c' $'!. 'l c'/o %# lo #&/!-!$u'l* El 'l $-!u7''/'-#$##$#, /#-o o # -#'l!%'%* El !o 3u# /o- ju'- 7'l$' ' cl'&#&, #l jo+#/#-#9o&o /'-' #&$u%!'-, #l #/l#'%o o '/-#%!9 3u# o cu!%' lo& !$#-#&#& %# &u /'$-,

#l o-# 3u# # cu'l3u!#- #oc!o o /-o7#&! #& !4#l ' &u& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 5&#l#+'%'&, /u#%# j'c$'-&# %# 3u# !#$-'& l' 7'l$' /#-'#9c' ocul$' o$!## c!#-$'&+#$'j'&* 8#-o o #& '&> &# #'' ' & !&o* El c'-5c$#- #& l' co&#c' %# l' +!%', %#$#-!' #l %#&$!o $'$o /'-' #&$' +!%' coo /'-' l' +#!%#-'*

= 2'

;@ L' co&#c' #& l' -#/-o%ucc! %# l' &#!ll' &#-'%'* To%' &#!ll' %' 7-u$o "&#&u .#-o"*"&# &u .#-o"* Lo !&o ocu--# co lo& -'&o& %# c'-5c$#- 3u#7o#$'o&* El #o&o, #l 'o- /-o/!o, #l #-#!!#$o, l' /-o/!' co/l'c#c!', &#-#/-o%uc#, #l 4'l #& %#&-'c!' -u!'* "8o-3u# #l 3u# &!#-' /'-' &u c'-#, %# l'c'-# &#'-5 co--u/c!> '& #l 3u# &!#-' /'-' #l #&/-!$u, %#l #&/-!$u &#'-5 +!%'#$#-'"* "8o-3u# #l 3u# &!#-' /'-' &u c'-#, %# l' c'-# &#'-5 co--u/c!> '& #l3u# &!#-' /'-' #l #&/-!$u, %#l #&/-!$u &#'-5 +!%' #$#-'"*'l* : *< El 'o-, l'

&!/'$' l' o%'%, %' 7-u$o %# #%!c!, u' co&#c' !/#-#c#%#-'* (No$': 'l* :*< El 'o-, l' &!/'$' l' o%'%, %' 7-u$o %# #%!c!, u' co&#c' !/#-#c#%#-'*)

"E l' co&#c', l' &#!ll' &# ul$!/l!c'* U &olo -'o %# $-!o, ul$!/l!c'%o /o--#/#$!%'& &!#-'&, cu-!-' $o%o u $#--#o %# '+!ll'& %o-'%'&* L' !&' #6$#&!/u#%# $##- l' !?u#c!' %# u' &ol' +!%', '&$' %# u' &ol' 'cc!*"

u. 'c$o& %# 'o- ' !&/!-'%o, ' $-'+.& %# lo& &!lo&, #l -#cu#-%o %#l +'&o %# 'l''&$-o-o$o /'-' u!- ' C-!&$oP Cu5$'& o7-#%'& ' ''%o /'-' l' c'u&' %#l S'l+'%o- l'co$-!uc! %# "%o& l'c'&, o &#' u cu'%-'$#"u. 'c$o& %# 'o- ' !&/!-'%o, '

$-'+.& %# lo& &!lo&, #l -#cu#-%o %#l +'&o %# 'l''&$-o -o$o /'-' u!- ' C-!&$oP Cu5$'&o7-#%'& ' ''%o /'-' l' c'u&' %#l S'l+'%o- l' co$-!uc! %# "%o& l'c'&, o &#' ucu'%-'$#"<, #c' /o- u' /o-# +!u%' '!'P (No$': <, #c' /o- u' /o-# +!u%''!'P)

VI%& P#R ME%I# %E L& M)ER.E

L' &!#-' #&#' u' l#cc! %# ##-o&!%'%*"El 3u# &!#-' #&c'&'#$#, $'!.&#'-5 #&c'&'#$#> #l 3u# &!#-' ##-o&'#$#, ##-o&'#$# $'!.&#'-5"*L' &!#-' #&#' u' l#cc! %# ##-o&!%'%*"El 3u# &!#-' #&c'&'#$#,$'!. &#'-5 #&c'&'#$#> #l 3u# &!#-' ##-o&'#$#, ##-o&'#$#



$'!. &#'-5"*2 Co-* : *< (No$': 2 Co-* : *<)

El S#o- %!c#: "D!co&o& +o&o$-o& lo& 3u# &#-5!& ju$o ' $o%'& l'& 'u'&"*El S#o-%!c#: "D!co&o& +o&o$-o& lo& 3u# &#-5!& ju$o ' $o%'& l'& 'u'&"*I&'* ;2: 20*< S#-'-

ju$o ' $o%'& l'& 'u'& &!!4c' %'- %o%#3u!#-' 3u# &# #c#&!$# u#&$-' 'u%'* E&$o o&#-5 c'u&' %# /o-#9'* 110 (No$': I&'* ;2: 20*< S#-'- ju$o ' $o%'& l'& 'u'& &!!4c'%'- %o%#3u!#-' 3u# &# #c#&!$# u#&$-' 'u%'* E&$o o &#-5 c'u&' %# /o-#9'* )

"El 3u# &!#-' ##-o&'#$#, ##-o&'#$# $'!. &#'-5"*" Al #&/'-c!- l'&#!ll', #l &#-'%o- l' ul$!/l!c'* D#l !&o o%o, 'l co/'-$!- co o$-o&,'u#$'o& u#&$-'& #%!c!o#&* L' /-o#&' %# D!o& '&#u-' 'u%'c!', /'-' 3u#&!'o& %'%o*

M5& ': 'l !/'-$!- #%!c!o#& # #&$' +!%', l' -'$!$u% %#l 3u# l'& -#c!# /-#/'-' #lco-'9 /'-' -#c!!- l' +#-%'% #&/!-!$u'l &# /-o%uc# u' co&#c' /'-' +!%' #$#-'*

L& VI%& E$ RE$)L.&%# %E $) M)ER.E

M#%!'$# l' 'cc! %# #c'- #l -'o # l' $!#--', #l S'l+'%o- -#/-#&#$' &u &'c-!4c!o /o-o&o$-o&* "u# &! #l -'o %# $-!o o c'# # l' $!#--' u#-# "u# &! #l -'o %# $-!o

o c'# # l' $!#--' u#-# %!c# .l, 3u#%' &olo> /#-o &! u#-#, ll#+' uco 7-u$o"*3u#%' &olo> /#-o &! u#-#, ll#+' uco 7-u$o"*=u' 12: 2K*< (No$': =u' 12:2K*<U!c'#$# /o- #%!o %#l &'c-!4c!o %# C-!&$o, l' S!!#$#, /o%' o$##-&# 7-u$o/'-' #l -#!o %# D!o&* D# 'cu#-%o co l' l# %#l -#!o +##$'l, l' +!%' #& -#&ul$'%o %# &uu#-$#*)

"Lo !&o ocu--# co $o%o& lo& 3u# %' 7-u$o coo col'o-'%o-#& co C-!&$o> #l 'o- #l !$#-.& /-o/!o& %## /#-#c#-> l' +!%' %## &#- #c'%' # #l &u-co %# l' #c#&!%'% %#lu%o* 8#-o l' l# %#l &'c-!4c!o %#l o #& l' l# %# l' co&#-+'c! /-o/!'* El '-!cul$o-co&#-+' #l -'o cu'%o lo '--oj' ' l' $!#--'* D#l !&o o%o &#-5 co&#-+'%' l' +!%'3u# &# %' ##-o&'#$# /'-' &#-+!c!o %# D!o& %#l o-#*"

L' &#!ll' u#-# /'-' %'- o-!# ' u#+' +!%'* 8o- #%!o %# #&$o &# o& #&#' l'l#cc! %# l' -#&u--#cc!* D!o& ' %!co %#l cu#-/o u'o %#/o&!$'%o # #l &#/ulc-o%o%# &# -#%uc# ' /ol+o: "S# &!#-' # co--u/c!, -#&uc!$'-5 # !co--u/c!* S#&!#-' # %#&o-', -#&uc!$'-5 # lo-!'> &# &!#-' # %#!l!%'%, -#&uc!$'-5 #/o%#-"*L' &#!ll' u#-# /'-' %'- o-!# ' u#+' +!%'* 8o- #%!o %# #&$o &# o& #&#'l' l#cc! %# l' -#&u--#cc!* D!o& ' %!co %#l cu#-/o u'o %#/o&!$'%o # #l &#/ulc-o%o%# &# -#%uc# ' /ol+o: "S# &!#-' # co--u/c!, -#&uc!$'-5 # !co--u/c!* S#&!#-' # %#&o-', -#&uc!$'-5 # lo-!'> &# &!#-' # %#!l!%'%, -#&uc!$'-5 #/o%#-"*1 Co-* 1J: K2, K;*< 111 (No$': 1 Co-* 1J: K2, K;*< )

V 2'

K0@"Cu'%o lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o& $-'$' %# #&#'- #&$'& l#cc!o#&, %##-' 'c#-lo

# 7o-' /-5c$!c'* 8-#/'-# lo& !o& #l $#--#o &!#-# l' &#!ll'* M!#$-'& $-''j''& #l $#--#o, #l /'%-# o #l '#&$-o /u#%# co/'-'-lo co #l j'-% %#l co-'9 l'&#!ll' u#' o 'l' #c'%' # .l, #6/l!c'- 3u#, '& coo #& #c#&'-!o /-#/'-'- #l

j'-% /'-' &#-'- l' &#!ll' '$u-'l, #& #c#&'-!o /-#/'-'- #l co-'9 /'-' &#-'- l'&#!ll' %# l' +#-%'%* Al #&/'-c!- l' &#!ll' # #l $#--#o, /u#%# #&#'- l' l#cc! %# l'u#-$# %# C-!&$o, 'l -o$'- l' !#-', l' +#-%'% %# l' -#&u--#cc!* A #%!%' 3u# c-#c#l' /l'$', &# /u#%# co$!u'- l' co/'-'c! #$-# l' &!#-' '$u-'l l' #&/!-!$u'l*"

"D# o%o &##j'$# &# %##-' #&#'- ' lo& j+##&* Co$!u'#$# &# /u#%#'/-#%#- l#cc!o#& %#l cul$!+o %#l &u#lo* N'%!# &# !&$'l' # u /#%'9o %# $!#--' !cul$'co l' #&/#-'9' %# 3u# %. !#%!'$'#$# u' co&#c'* S# %## 'c#- u' l'o-



%!l!#$# /#-&#+#-'$#, # l' /-#/'-'c! %#l &u#lo, l' &!#-' %# l' &#!ll' #l cul$!+o%# l'& !#&#&* D#l !&o o%o &# %## /-oc#%#- # l' &!#-' #&/!-!$u'l* D##cul$!+'-&# #l j'-% %#l co-'9* L' $!#--' %## &#- -o$u-'%' /o- #l '--#/#$!!#$o* D##&'c'-&# %# -'9 l'& 'l'& !#-'& 3u# 'o' #l -'o &#-'%o* A& coo &# -#3u!#-#u $-''jo %!l!#$# /'-' l!/!'- u c'/o 3u# &# ' ll#'%o %# '-ojo&, &lo &# /u#%#+#c#- l'& 'l'& $#%#c!'& %#l co-'9 /o- #%!o %# #&7u#-9o& 7#-+!#$#& #co& # #lo-# #l /o%#- %# C-!&$o*"

"Al cul$!+'- l' $!#--', #l $-''j'%o- -#?#6!+o %#&cu-!-5 3u# &# '-# '$# .l $#&o-o& j'5& &o'%o&* N'%!# /u#%# $##- .6!$o # lo& $-''jo& '-col'& o %# l' u#-$' &! o/-#&$' '$#c! ' l'& l##& 3u# #$-''* E& #c#&'-!o #&$u%!'- l'& #c#&!%'%#&#&/#c!'l#& %# c'%' +'-!#%'% %# /l'$'&* L'& %!+#-&'& +'-!#%'%#& -#3u!#-# $#--#o cul$!+o %!7#-#$#&, " l' co%!c! %#l .6!$o #& l' o#%!#c!' ' l'& l##& 3u# -!# ' c'%'u'* L' '$#c! -#3u#-!%' 'l $-'&/l'$'-, /'-' 3u# o &# c'!# %# lu'- !'o$o# &!3u!#-' l'& -'c#& 5& 4'&, #l cu!%'%o %# l'& /l'$'& $!#-'&, l' /o%' #l-!#o> l' /-o$#cc! co$-' l' #l'%' %# l' oc# #l &ol %u-'$# #l %', #l cu!%'%o 3u#' 3u# #j#-c#- /'-' '$##- 'l#j'%'& l'& 'l'& !#-'&, l'& #7#-#%'%#& l'&/l''& %# !&#c$o&, #l '--#lo %# l'& /l'$'&, o &lo #&#' l#cc!o#& !/o-$'$#& #cu'$o 'l %#&#+ol+!!#$o %#l c'-5c$#-, &!o 3u# #l $-''jo !&o #& u #%!o %#%#&'--ollo* Al cul$!+'- #l cu!%'%o, l' /'c!#c!', l' '$#c! ' lo& %#$'ll#&, l' o#%!#c!' '

l' l#, &# o$!## u' #%uc'c! #&#c!'l* El co$'c$o co&$'$# co #l !&$#-!o %# l'+!%' #l #c'$o, %# l' '$u-'l#9', '& coo l' $#-u-' #c#&'-!' /'-' cu!%'- #&o&#-o&o& oj#$o& %# l' c-#'c! %# D!o&, $!#%# ' +!+!4c'- l' #$# -#4'- #l#+'- #lc'-5c$#-, l'& l#cc!o#& '/-#%!%'& /-#/'-' 'l $-''j'%o- /'-' $-'$'- co 5& .6!$o coo$-'& #$#&* "

#tras Ilustraciones

"Gu!. #& &'!o u'-%'-5 #&$'& co&'&, #$#%#-5 l'& !&#-!co-%!'& %# =#o+5H"

EL 8ODER &''%o- %# D!o& &# 'c# &#$!- # $o%' l' '$u-'l#9'* S! &# co-$' u 5-ol, &!u &#- u'o &# l'&$!' o &# -o/# u u#&o, l' '$u-'l#9' #/!#9' !#%!'$'#$#

' -#/'-'- #l %'o* A '$#& 3u# #6!&$' l' #c#&!%'%, #&$5 l!&$o& lo& #l##$o&&''%o-#&, $' /-o$o coo &# l'&$!' u' /'-$#, $o%'& l'& ##-'& &# %#%!c' ' l'o-' %# -#&$'u-'c!* Lo !&o ocu--# # #l -#!o #&/!-!$u'l* A$#& 3u# #l /#c'%o c-#'-'l' #c#&!%'%, D!o& '' /-o+!&$o #l -##%!o* To%' 'l' 3u# c#%# ' l' $#$'c! #&#-!%' /o- #l '%+#-&'-!o, /#-o %o%#3u!#-' 3u# '' /#c'%o #&$5 #l S'l+'%o-* E& o-' %#C-!&$o "&''- ' lo& 3u#-'$'%o& %# co-'9 * * * /-#o'- l!#-$'% ' lo& c'u$!+o&* * */o#- # l!#-$'% ' lo& o/-!!%o&"*"&''- ' lo& 3u#-'$'%o& %# co-'9 * * * /-#o'-l!#-$'% ' lo& c'u$!+o&* * * /o#- # l!#-$'% ' lo& o/-!!%o&"*Luc* K: 1*< (No$': Luc* K:1*<)

No&o$-o& %##o& coo/#-'- # #&$' o-'* "S! 'luo 7u#-# &o-/-#%!%o # 'lu'

7'l$'* * * -#&$'u-'%l#"*No&o$-o& %##o& coo/#-'- # #&$' o-'* "S! 'luo 7u#-#&o-/-#%!%o # 'lu' 7'l$'* * * -#&$'u-'%l#"*5l* : 1*< L' /'l'-' '3u $-'%uc!%' /o-"-#&$'u-'-" "Vo&o$-o& 3u# &o!& #&/!-!$u'l#&, -#&$'u-'%l#"* 11K (No$': 5l* : 1*< L' /'l'-''3u $-'%uc!%' /o- "-#&$'u-'-" &!!4c' ju$'-, coo &! &# $-'$'-' %# u u#&o %!&loc'%o*u. 4u-' &u#&$!+'P El 3u# !cu--# # #l #--o- o #l /#c'%o ll#' ' %#&'-o!9'- co$o%o lo 3u# lo -o%#'* 8u#%# /#-c'$'-&# %# &u #--o-, ll#'-&# %# -#o-%!!#$o, /#-o o/u#%# -#&$'l#c#-&#* S# #cu#$-' co7u&o, /#-/l#jo, +#c!%o, !/o$#$#* N#c#&!$' &#-''%o %# u#+o, &''%o, -#'!l!$'%o* "Vo&o$-o& 3u# &o!& #&/!-!$u'l#&, -#&$'u-'%l#"*Sol'#$# #l 'o- 3u# ?u# %#l co-'9 %# C-!&$o /u#%# &''-* Slo '3u#l # 3u!#?u# #&# 'o-, coo l' &'+!' # #l 5-ol, o l' &'-# # #l cu#-/o, /u#%# -#&$'u-'- 'l'l' #-!%'*)



S 2'

K1@ L#$ I'$.R)ME'.#$ %EL &M#R

Lo& !&$-u#$o& %#l 'o- $!## /o%#- '-'+!llo&o, /o-3u# &o %!+!o&* L' -#&/u#&$'&u'+# 3u# "3u!$' l' !-'"Lo& !&$-u#$o& %#l 'o- $!## /o%#- '-'+!llo&o, /o-3u# &o%!+!o&* L' -#&/u#&$' &u'+# 3u# "3u!$' l' !-'"> #l 'o- 3u# "#& &u7-!%o"#& &u7-!%o" "#&#!o"#& #!o">#l 'o- 3u# "cu-!-5 ul$!$u% %# /#c'%o&"cu-!-5 ul$!$u% %#/#c'%o&"8-o+* 1J:1> 1 Co-* 1;:K> 1 8#%* K:*<> &! '/-#%!.-'o& #&$' l#cc! %# 3u.

/o%#- &''%o- &#-' %o$'%'& u#&$-'& +!%'&P L' +!%' &#-' $-'&7o-'%' l' $!#--'ll#'-' ' &#- l' !&' &##j'9' #l oc# '$!c!/'%o %#l c!#lo* (No$': 8-o+* 1J:1> 1 Co-*1;:K> 1 8#%* K:*<> &! '/-#%!.-'o& #&$' l#cc! %# 3u. /o%#- &''%o- &#-' %o$'%'&u#&$-'& +!%'&P L' +!%' &#-' $-'&7o-'%' l' $!#--' ll#'-' ' &#- l' !&' &##j'9' #l oc# '$!c!/'%o %#l c!#lo*)

E&$'& /-#c!o&'& l#cc!o#& #&#'%'& %# u o%o &#c!llo, /u#%# &#- co/-#%!%'&'&$' /o- lo& !!$o&* El co-'9 %#l !o #& $!#-o 75c!l#$# !/-#&!o'l#, cu'%oo&o$-o&, 3u# &oo& 'o-#&, ll#u#o& ' &#- "coo !o&"E&$'& /-#c!o&'& l#cc!o#&#&#'%'& %# u o%o &#c!llo, /u#%# &#- co/-#%!%'& '&$' /o- lo& !!$o&* Elco-'9 %#l !o #& $!#-o 75c!l#$# !/-#&!o'l#, cu'%o o&o$-o&, 3u# &oo&'o-#&, ll#u#o& ' &#- "coo !o&"M'$* 1: ;*<, cu'%o '/-#%'o& l' &#c!ll#9, l'

%ul9u-' #l $!#-o 'o- %#l S'l+'%o-, o 'll'-#o& %!7c!l $oc'- .l co-'9 %# lo&/#3u#o& #&#'-l#& #l !&$#-!o &''%o- %#l 'o-* (No$': M'$* 1: ;*<, cu'%o'/-#%'o& l' &#c!ll#9, l' %ul9u-' #l $!#-o 'o- %#l S'l+'%o-, o 'll'-#o& %!7c!l$oc'- .l co-'9 %# lo& /#3u#o& #&#'-l#& #l !&$#-!o &''%o- %#l 'o-*)

"L' /#-7#cc! #6!&$# # $o%'& l'& o-'& %# D!o&, &#' /#3u#'& o !/o-$'$#&* L'!&' 'o 3u# &o&$!## lo& u%o& # #l #&/'c!o, %' 7o-' ' l'& ?o-#& %#l c'/o*E6'!'% 'jo #l !c-o&co/!o l'& ?o-#& 5& /#3u#'& cou#& 3u# c-#c# ju$o 'lc'!o, o$'% # $o%'& &u& /'-$#& cu5 #63u!&!$' #& &u #ll#9' /#-7#cc!* D#l!&o o%o /u#%# 'll'-&# +#-%'%#-' #6c#l#c!' # l' 5& u!l%# &u#-$#> l'& $'-#'&5& cou#&, %#&#/#'%'& co 4%#l!%'% ''$#, &o #-o&'& ' l' +!&$' %# D!o&* L''$#c! coc!#9u%' 3u# &# /-#&$' ' l'& co&'& /#3u#'& o& '-5 col'o-'%o-#& co .l

o& ''-5 #l #lo!o %# A3u#l 3u# lo +# lo &'# $o%o* "

El '-co !-!& 3u# '$-'+!#&' lo& c!#lo& co &u '-co %# lu9 #& u' /-#%' %#l "/'c$o /#-/#$uo#$-# D!o& $o%o &#- +!+!#$#"* #l '-co !-!& 3u# -o%#' #l $-oo %# lo 'l$o #& $'!./'-' lo& !jo& %# D!o& u' /-#%' %# &u /'c$o %# /'9* (No$': . * 1*<)

A& coo #l '-co # l'& u#& #& #l -#&ul$'%o %# l' u! %# l' lu9 %#l &ol l' llu+!', #l'-co 3u# ' &o-# #l $-oo %# D!o& -#/-#&#$' l' u! %# &u !&#-!co-%!' &u ju&$!c!'*D!o& %!c# 'l 'l' /#c'%o-' /#-o '--#/#$!%': V!+#: 8'-' $! &# "'ll -#%#c!"* (No$': =o;;* 2K*<)

"8o-3u# #&$o # &#-5 coo # lo& %'& %# No., cu'%o ju-. 3u# uc' 5& l'& 'u'& %#No. /'&'-' &o-# l' $!#--'> '& # ju-'%o 3u# o # #oj'-. co$-' $!, ! $# -#!-.*8o-3u# lo& o$#& &# o+#-5, lo& coll'%o& $#l'-5, /#-o o &# '/'-$'-5 %# $! !!&#-!co-%!', ! #l /'c$o %# ! /'9 &# 3u#-'$'-5, %!jo =#o+5, #l 3u# $!## !&#-!co-%!'%# $!"* (No$': I&'* JK: , 10*<)

EL ME'$&"E %E L&$ E$.RELL&$

T'!. l'& #&$-#ll'& $!## u #&'j# %# 5!o /'-' $o%o &#- u'o* E lo&o#$o& 3u# &o-#+!## ' $o%o&, cu'%o #l co-'9 #& %.!l l' $#$'c! '-u'>cu'%o lo& o&$5culo& /'-#c# !+#c!l#&, l'& #$'& %# l' +!%' !/o&!l#& %# lo-'-,



&u& #-o&'& /-o#&'& coo '9''& %# So%o', G%%# &# /u#%# 'll'- #$oc#&u +'lo- u' 4-#9' coo lo& 3u# o7-#c# l' l#cc! 3u# D!o& o& ' !+!$'%o ''/-#%#- %# l'& #&$-#ll'& 3u# &!u# &u cu-&o !+'-!'l#H

"L#+'$'% # 'l$o +u#&$-o& ojo&, !-'% 3u!. c-# #&$'& co&'&> .l &'c' cu#$' &u#j.-c!$o> ' $o%'& ll'' /o- &u& o-#&> !u' 7'l$'-5> $'l #& l' -'%#9' %# &u 7u#-9', #l /o%#- %# &u %o!!o* G8o- 3u. %!c#&, o ='co, 'l'& $, I&-'#l: M! c'!o 11"#&$5"#&co%!%o %# =#o+5, %# ! D!o& /'& ! ju!c!oH GNo '& &'!%o, o '& o%o 3u#

#l D!o& #$#-o #& =#o+5, #l cu'l c-# lo& co4#& %# l' $!#--'H No %#&7'll#c#, ! &# 7'$!'co c'&'c!o, &u #$#%!!#$o o ' 3u!# lo 'lc'c#* El %' #&7u#-9o 'l c'&'%o, ul$!/l!c' l'& 7u#-9'& 'l 3u# o $!## !u'&"*"

"No $#'&, /o-3u# o #&$o co$!o> o %#&'#&, /o-3u# o &o $u D!o& 3u# $##&7u#-9o> &!#/-# $# 'u%'-., &!#/-# $# &u&$#$'-. co l' %!#&$-' %# ! ju&$!c!'"*"8o-3u# o =#o+5 &o $u D!o&, 3u!# $# &o&$!## %# $u 'o %#-#c', $# %!c#: No$#'&, o $# 'u%o"No $#'&, /o-3u# o #&$o co$!o> o %#&'#&, /o-3u# o &o $uD!o& 3u# $# #&7u#-9o> &!#/-# $# 'u%'-., &!#/-# $# &u&$#$'-. co l' %!#&$-' %# !

ju&$!c!'"* "8o-3u# o =#o+5 &o $u D!o&, 3u!# $# &o&$!## %# $u 'o %#-#c', $# %!c#:No $#'&, o $# 'u%o"* (No$': I&'* K0: 22> K1: 10, 1;*<)

L' /'l#-', #-!%' /o- #l &ol '-%!#$# l'& $o-#$'& %# '-#', &# #-u# +#-%#,?o-#c!%' ll#' %# 7-u$o # #%!o %#l %#&!#-$o* M''$!'l#& +!+o& 'l!#$' &u& -'c#&*Su co-o' %# +#-%o- &# %!+!&' ' l' %!&$'c!', # #%!o %# l' ll'u-' c'lc!'%' %#&ol'%'> #l +!'j#-o, 3u# &# &!#$# o-!-, '/-#&u-' &u /'&o +'c!l'$# /'-' ll#'- '&$' l' &o-'7-#&c' #l 'u' +!+!4c'$#*

D ;0'

K2@ El 5-ol %#l %#&!#-$o #& u &olo %# lo 3u# D!o& 3u!#-# 3u# &#' l' +!%' %# &u&!jo& # #&$# u%o* T!## 3u# u!'- 'l 'u' +!+' ' l'& 'l'& c'&'%'&, ll#'& %#!3u!#$u%, ' /u$o %# /#-#c#- # #l %#&!#-$o %#l /#c'%o* T!## 3u# %!-!!- l' '$#c!%# &u& &##j'$#& ' A3u#l %# 3u!# /'-$# l' !+!$'c!: "S! 'luo $!## &#%, +#' ' #'"*"S! 'luo $!## &#%, +#' ' #'"*=u' : ;*< (No$': =u' : ;*<)

"S# co&!%#-' 3u# #l -o 'co /-o7u%o, 3u# o7-#c# u' +' %# cou!c'c! /'-' #l$-54co %# l'& 'c!o#& &u& +!'j#-o&, #& u ##4c!o /'-' $o%o #l u%o> /#-o, G3u.%!-#o& %# lo& '--ou#lo& 3u# co$-!u# ' 7o-'- #&' ol# co--!#$# ?u+!'lH S! o7u#-' /o- #llo&, #l -o %#&'/'-#c#-'* D# #llo& %#/#%# &u !&' #6!&$#c!'* T'!. &#o-' ' "11 "lo& o-#& 3u# %!-!# u' -' o-', coo &! ' #llo& &olo& &# %#!#-' #l.6!$o %# .&$', /#-o #&# .6!$o -#3u!-! l' 4#l coo/#-'c! %# u &!#-o %# o-#-o& 5&u!l%#& !o-'%o& /o- #l u%o* L'& $'-#'& o #lo!'%'& lo& $-''jo& o -#cooc!%o&co&$!$u# l' &u#-$# %# l' 'o- /'-$# %# lo& $-''j'%o-#& %#l u%o* E&$' &!$u'c!ll#' %# %#&co$#$o ' uco&* L#& /'-#c# 3u# #&$5 %#&/#-%!c!'%o l' +!%'* 8#-o #l'--ou#lo 3u# co--# &!l#c!o&o /o- #l o&3u#c!llo l' /-'%#-', ll#+' &'lu%, 7#-$!l!%'% #ll#9', #& $' $!l # &u lu'- coo #l 'co -o* Al co$-!u!- ' l' +!%' %#l -o 'u%' '

lo-'- lo 3u# .l &olo uc' u!#-' /o%!%o -#'l!9'-*"

"Muco& #c#&!$' #&$' l#cc!* S# !%ol'$-' %#'&!'%o #l $'l#$o &# co%!c!'#6c#&!+'#$# l' /o&!c!* D#'&!'%'& /#-&o'& o 3u!#-# 'c#- '%' ' #o& 3u# &#lo& co&!%#-# j#7#&> %#'&!'%o& o &# !$#-#&' # #l $-''jo ' #o& 3u# -#c!''l''9'* N#c#&!$'o& '/-#%#- ' &#- 4#l#& /'-' u&'- '&$' lo &uo l'& 7'cul$'%#& o/o-$u!%'%#& 3u# $##o&, ' co$#$'-o& co l' &u#-$# 3u# #l c!#lo o& '&!'*"

)'& LECCI2' %E C#'FI&'/&

"8-#u$' 'o-' ' l'& #&$!'&, #ll'& $# #&#'-5> ' l'& '+#& %# lo& c!#lo&, #ll'& $# lo



o&$-'-5* * * Lo& /#c#& %#l '- $# lo %#cl'-'-5 $'!."* "V# ' l' o-!'* * * !-' &u&c'!o&"* "M!-'% l'& '+#&"* "Co&!%#-'% lo& cu#-+o&"*"8-#u$' 'o-' ' l'& #&$!'&, #ll'& $# #&#'-5> ' l'& '+#& %# lo& c!#lo&, #ll'& $# lo o&$-'-5* * * Lo& /#c#& %#l '-$# lo %#cl'-'-5 $'!."* "V# ' l' o-!'* * * !-' &u& c'!o&"* "M!-'% l'& '+#&"*"Co&!%#-'% lo& cu#-+o&"*< (No$': <=o* 12: ,, 8-o+* : > M'$* : 2> Luc* 12: 2K*)

"No &ol'#$# #o& %# 'l'- 'l !o %# #&$'& c-!'$u-'& %# D!o&* Lo& !&o& '!'l#&%## &#- &u& '#&$-o&* L'& o-!'& #&#' l#cc!o#& %# $-''jo /'c!#$#, %#

/#-&#+#-'c!' /'-' +#c#- lo& o&$5culo&, %# /-#+!&! /'-' #l 7u$u-o* Lo& /5j'-o& &o'#&$-o& %# l' %ulc# l#cc! %# l' co4'9'* "

"Nu#&$-o 8'%-# c#l#&$!'l 'c# /-o+!&! /'-' #llo&, /#-o #llo& %## u&c'- &u 'l!#$o,co&$-u!- &u& !%o& c-!'- ' &u& !jo&* Co&$'$##$# #&$5 #6/u#&$o& ' lo& ##!o&3u# $-'$' %# %#&$-u!-lo& , &! #'-o, co 3u. 5!o 'c# #l $-''joP cu5o9o&o& &o &u& c'$o&P"

"E& #-o&' l' %#&c-!/c! 3u# 'c# #l &'l!&$' %#l cu!%'%o %# D!o& /o- l'& c-!'$u-'& %#lo& o&3u#&:"

"Lo& o$#& 'l$o& /'-' l'& c'-'& o$#&#&> L'& /#'&, '%-!u#-'& /'-' lo&

co#jo&"*"Lo& o$#& 'l$o& /'-' l'& c'-'& o$#&#&> L'& /#'&, '%-!u#-'& /'-' lo&co#jo&"*S'l* 10K: 1*< (No$': S'l* 10K: 1*<)

El 'c# co--#- lo& ''$!'l#& /o- l'& o$''& %o%# lo& /5j'-o& $!## &u '!$'c! "c'$' #$-# l'& -''&"* El 'c# co--#- lo& ''$!'l#& /o- l'& o$''& %o%# lo&/5j'-o& $!## &u '!$'c! "c'$' #$-# l'& -''&"* To%'& l'& c-!'$u-'& %# lo&o&3u#& %# l'& o$''& 7o-' /'-$# %# &u -' 7'!l!'* El '-# l' 'o &'$!&7'c#"%# #%!c! ' $o%o &#- +!+!#$#"* "%# #%!c! ' $o%o &#- +!+!#$#"*S'l* 10K: 12> 1KJ:1*< (No$': S'l* 10K: 12> 1KJ: 1*<)

EL 5G)IL& %E L#$ &LPE$

"El 5u!l' %# lo& Al/#& #& ' +#c#& '--oj'%' /o- l' $#/#&$'% ' lo& #&$-#co& %#&4l'%#-o&%# l'& o$''&* L'& u#& $o-#$o&'& c#-c' ' #&$' /o%#-o&' '+# %#l o&3u# co&u '&' o&cu-' l' &#/'-' %# l'& 'l$u-'& '&ol#'%'& %o%# ' co&$-u!%o &u !%o* Lo&#&7u#-9o& 3u# 'c# /'-' #&c'/'- /'-#c# !7-uc$uo&o&* S# /-#c!/!$' %# '3u /'-' 'll5,'$# #l '!-# co &u& 7u#-$#& 'l'& %#&/!#-$' #l #co %# l'& o$''& co &u& -!$o&* Al 4&# #l#+' co u' o$' %# $-!u7o , '$-'+#&'%o l'& u#&, &# #cu#$-' u' +#9 5& #l' cl'-!%'% &ol'-, /o- #c!' %# l' o&cu-!%'% l' $#/#&$'%* No&o$-o& $'!. /o%#o&'ll'-o& -o%#'%o& %# %!4cul$'%#&, %#&'l!#$o o&cu-!%'%* No& c#-c' l' 7'l&#%'%, l'c'l'!%'%, l' !ju&$!c!'* ' u#& 3u# o /o%#o& %!&!/'-* Luc'o& # +'o co l'&c!-cu&$'c!'&* ' u' +' %# #&c'/#, $' &lo u'* L'& #l!'& -u'& cu-# " l'$!#--'> 5& 'll5 %# l'& u#& -!ll' l' lu9 %# D!o&* 8o%#o& #l#+'-o& co l'& 'l'& %# l' 7#

'&$' l' -#! %# l' lu9 %# &u /-#&#c!'*"L ;1'

K;@"Muc'& l#cc!o#& &# /u#%# '/-#%#- %# #&# o%o* L' %# l' co4'9' /-o/!', %#l5-ol 3u# c-#c# &olo # l' ll'u-' o # l' l'%#-' %# l' o$'', u%!#%o &u& -'c#&'&$' lo /-o7u%o %# l' $!#--' %#&'4'%o co &u 7u#-9' l' $#/#&$'%* L' %#l /o%#- %#l' /-!#-' !?u#c!', %#l $-oco $o-c!%o, u%o&o %ol'%o, 'l cu'l ! /o%#- $#--#'l/u#%# %#+ol+#- l' &!#$-' /#-%!%'* L' %#l &#c-#$o %# u' +!%' &'$', %#l #7'- 3u#, ##l 7o%o %# u #&$'3u# &uc!o, -o%#'%o /o- %#&/#-%!c!o& 'l#9'&, &#/ul$' &u $'llo'c''l'%o '&$' #co$-'- l' '-#' /u-', &'c'%o %# 'll &u +!%', #l#+', '&$'#co$-'- l' lu9 &u ?o- 7-''$#, %# u' /u-#9' !/#c'l#*"

"D# #&# o%o, 'l !&o $!#/o 3u# lo& !o& lo& j+##& o$!## #l cooc!!#$o %#



lo& #co& /o- #%!o %# lo& '#&$-o& l!-o& %# $#6$o, /u#%# '/-#%#- ' &'c'-l#cc!o#& %#&cu-!- +#-%'%#& /o- & !&o&* Cu'%o $-''j' # #l j'-%, !$#--o'%l#&'c#-c' %# lo 3u# '/-#%# %#l cu!%'%o %# &u& /l'$'&* Cu'%o co$#/l' u /'!&'j##-o&o, /-#u$'%l#& /o- 3u. +!&$! D!o& lo& c'/o& lo& o&3u#& co $oo& $'#c'$'%o-#& +'-!'%o&* G8o- 3u. o #& $o%o %# u $!$# /'-%o &o-oH Cu'%o-#co# ?o-#&, !%uc!%lo& ' /#&'- /o- 3u. co&#-+ /'-' o&o$-o& l' #ll#9' %# #&o&-#&$o& %#l E%.* E&#'%l#& ' o$'- /o- $o%'& /'-$#&, #%!'$# l'& #+!%#c!'& 3u#o7-#c# l' '$u-'l#9', #l cu!%'%o %# D!o& /o- o&o$-o&, l' '-'+!llo&' '%'/$'c! %# $o%'&

l'& co&'& ' u#&$-'& #c#&!%'%#& 7#l!c!%'%*""Slo '3u#l 3u# -#cooc# # l' '$u-'l#9' l' o-' %#l 8'%-#, 3u# # l' -!3u#9' #ll#9'%# l' $!#--' l## lo 3u# ' &!%o #&c-!$o /o- .l, '/-#%# %# l'& co&'& " %# l' '$u-'l#9' &u&5& /-o7u%'& l#cc!o#& -#c!# &u #l#+'%o !!&$#-!o* Slo /u#%# '/-#c!'- /l#'#$##l &!!4c'%o %# l' col!' #l +'ll#, #l -o #l '- '3u#l 3u# lo& co$#/l' coo u'#6/-#&! %#l /#&'!#$o %# D!o&, u' -#+#l'c! %#l C-#'%o-*"

"Lo& #&c-!$o-#& %# l' B!l!' 'c# u&o %# uc'& !lu&$-'c!o#& 3u# o7-#c# l' '$u-'l#9', &! o&#-+'o& l'& co&'& %#l u%o '$u-'l, /o%-#o& co/-#%#- 5& /l#'#$#,'jo l' 'o u!'%o-' %#l E&/-!$u S'$o, l'& l#cc!o#& %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&* D# #&#o%o l' '$u-'l#9' ll#' ' &#- u' ll'+# %#l $#&o-o %# l' 8'l'-'*"

"D##-' '!'-&# ' lo& !o& ' u&c'- # l' '$u-'l#9' lo& oj#$o& 3u# !lu&$-' l'&#&#'9'& l!c'& -'&$-#'- # l' B!l!' lo& &!l#& &'c'%o& %# l' '$u-'l#9'* D##-'u&c'-, $'$o # l' '$u-'l#9' coo # l' S'-'%' E&c-!$u-', $o%o& lo& oj#$o& 3u#-#/-#&#$' ' C-!&$o, coo $'!. lo& 3u# .l #/l# /'-' !lu&$-'- l' +#-%'%* A& /u#%#'/-#%#- ' +#-l# # #l 5-ol # l' +!%, # #l l!-!o # l' -o&', # #l &ol # l' #&$-#ll'*8u#%# '/-#%#- ' o- &u +o9 # #l c'$o %# lo& /5j'-o&, # #l u-ullo %# lo& 5-ol#&,# #l -u!%o %#l $-u#o # l' &!c' %#l '-* c'%' oj#$o %# l' '$u-'l#9' l#& -#/#$!-5l'& /-#c!o&'& l#cc!o#& %#l C-#'%o-*"

"8'-' lo& 3u# '& &# 7'!l!'-!c# co C-!&$o, uc' j'5& &#-5 l' $!#--' u lu'- &ol!$'-!o %#&ol'%o* S#-5 /'-' #llo& l' c'&' %# &u 8'%-#, ll#' %# l' /-#&#c!' %# A3u#l 3u# u' +#9

o- #$-# lo& o-#&* "

"T# u!'-5 cu'%o '%#&> cu'%o %u#-'& $# u'-%'-5> 'l'-5 co$!o cu'%o%#&/!#-$#&"*12;

La Cultura Mental y Espiritual

"Co c!#c!' &# ll#'-5 l'& c5'-'& %# $o%o !# /-#c!'%o '-'%'l#"*"

SEUN l' l# %# D!o&, l' 7u#-9' /'-' l' #$# #l 'l', lo !&o 3u# /'-' #l cu#-/o, &#'%3u!#-# /o- #%!o %#l #&7u#-9o* El %#&'--ollo &# o$!## /o- #%!o %#l #j#-c!c!o* D#

'cu#-%o co #&$' l#, D!o& ' /-o+!&$o # &u 8'l'-' lo& #%!o& #c#&'-!o& /'-' #l%#&'--ollo #$'l #&/!-!$u'l*

L' B!l!' co$!## $o%o& lo& /-!c!/!o& 3u# lo& o-#& #c#&!$' co/-#%#-, ' 4 %#/-#/'-'-&# /'-' #&$' +!%' o /'-' l' +#!%#-'* E&$o& /-!c!/!o& /u#%# &#- co/-#%!%o&/o- $o%o&* N'%!# 3u# $#' %!&/o&!c! /'-' '/-#c!'- &u #&#'9' /u#%# l##- u &olo/'&'j# %# l' B!l!' &! o$##- %# .l 'l /#&'!#$o $!l* 8#-o l' #&#'9' 5&+'l!o&' %# l' B!l!' o &# o$!## /o- #%!o %# u #&$u%!o oc'&!o'l o '!&l'%o* Su -'&!&$#' %# +#-%'% o &# /-#&#$' %# $'l '#-' 3u# /u#%' %#&cu-!-lo #l l#c$o-'/-#&u-'%o o %#&cu!%'%o* Muco& %# &u& $#&o-o& #&$5 l#jo& %# l' &u/#-4c!#, &lo/u#%# &#- o$#!%o& /o- #%!o %# u' !+#&$!'c! %!l!#$# %# u #&7u#-9o



co$!uo* L'& +#-%'%#& 3u# 7o-' #l -' $o%o %## &#- u&c'%'& -#u!%'& "u/o3u!$o 'll, o$-o /o3u!$o 'll5"u /o3u!$o 'll, o$-o /o3u!$o 'll5"* (No$': I&'* 2: 10*<)

M 1&# KK@ U' +#9 u&c'%'& -#u!%'&, co--#&/o%#-5 /#-7#c$'#$# u'& ' o$-'&* C'%'E+'#l!o #& u co/l##$o %# lo& %#5&> c'%' /-o7#c', u' #6/l!c'c! %# l' o$-'>c'%' +#-%'%, #l %#&'--ollo %# o$-' +#-%'%* El E+'#l!o #6/l!c' lo& &olo& %#l &!&$#'

ju%'!co* C'%' /-!c!/! %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& $!## &u lu'-> c'%' #co, &u -#l'c!* l'#&$-uc$u-' co/l#$', $'$o # &u /-o/&!$o coo # &u #j#cuc!, %' $#&$!o!o %# &u

Au$o-* Slo #l S#- !4!$o /u%o coc#!- %'- 7o-' ' #&' #&$-uc$u-'*

Al u&c'- l'& %!7#-#$#& /'-$#& 'l #&$u%!'- &u -#l'c!, #$-' # 'c$!+!%'% l'&7'cul$'%#& &u/#-!o-#& %# l' #$# u''* N'%!# /u#%# #/-#%#- #&# #&$u%!o &! 3u#&# %#&'--oll# &u #$#*

#l +'lo- !$#l#c$u'l %#l #&$u%!o %# l' B!l!' o co&!&$# &ol'#$# # !+#&$!'- l'+#-%'% %#&cu-!- &u #&$-uc$u-' $!', &!o $'!. # #l #&7u#-9o -#3u#-!%o /'-'''-c'- lo& $#'& /-#&#$'%o&* L' #$# ocu/'%' &ol'#$# co '&u$o& +ul'-#& &##/#3u##c# %#!l!$'* S! uc' &# #/#' # co/-#%#- +#-%'%#& -'%#& %#+'&$o 'lc'c#, %#&/u.& %# u $!#/o /!#-%# l' 7'cul$'% %# c-#c#-* Coo &'l+'u'-%!'co$-' #&' %###-'c!, coo #&$!ulo /'-' #l %#&'--ollo, '%' /u#%# !u'l'- 'l

#&$u%!o %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&* Co #%!o %# #%uc'c! !$#l#c$u'l, l' B!l!' #& 5&#4c'9 3u# cu'l3u!#- o$-o l!-o o 3u# $o%o& lo& %#5& l!-o& ju$o&* L' -'%#9' %# &u&$#'&, l' #l#+'%' &#c!ll#9 %# &u& #6/-#&!o#&, l' #ll#9' %# &u& 4u-'&, '+!+' #l#+'lo& /#&'!#$o& coo !u' o$-' co&' /u#%# lo-'-lo* N! o$-o #&$u%!o /u#%#!/'-$!- /o%#- #$'l coo #l 3u# !/'-$# #l #&7u#-9o 3u# &# -#'l!9' /'-' ''-c'- l'&#&$u/#%'& +#-%'%#& %# l' -#+#l'c!* L' #$# 3u# # #&' 7o-' &# /o# # co$'c$oco lo& /#&'!#$o& %#l S#- !4!$o o /u#%# &!o %#&'--oll'-&# 7o-$'l#c#-&#* M'o-' #& #l /o%#- %# l' B!l!' # #l %#&'--ollo %# l' '$u-'l#9' #&/!-!$u'l* El o-#, c-#'%o/'-' +!+!- # cou! co D!o&, /u#%# #co$-'- &u +#-%'%#-' +!%' &u 'u$.$!co%#&'--ollo !c'#$# # #&' cou!* C-#'%o /'-' %#&cu-!- # D!o& &u 'o- o9o,# !u' o$-' co&' /u#%# 'll'- lo 3u# /u#%# c'l'- lo& '#lo& %# &u co-'9, &'$!&7'c#- #l '-# l' &#% %#l 'l'* A3u#l 3u# co #&/-!$u %c!l &!c#-o #&$u%!' l'

8'l'-' %# D!o& /'-' co/-#%#- &u& +#-%'%#&, &# /o%-5 # co$'c$o co &u Au$o- , '#o& 3u# &#' /o- /-o/!' %#c!&!, o $!## l!$# l'& /o&!!l!%'%#& %# &u %#&'--ollo*

E &u +'&$' '' %# #&$!lo $#'&, l' B!l!' $!## 'lo /'-' !$#-#&'- ' c'%' #$# '$-'#- c'%' co-'9* Su& /5!'& #c!#--' !&$o-!' '$!3u&!'> !o-'7'& 4#l#& ' l'+!%'> /-!c!/!o& %# o!#-o /'-' -#!- 'l #&$'%o o#-'- l' c'&', /-!c!/!o& 3u# l'&'!%u-' u'' uc' ' co&#u!%o !u'l'-* Co$!## l' 5& /-o7u%' 4lo&o7', l'/o#&' 5& %ulc# &ul!#, '/'&!o'%' /'$.$!c'* Lo& #&c-!$o& %# l' B!l!', 'co&!%#-'%o& %# #&$' '#-', &o !co#&u-'l##$# &u/#-!o-#& # +'lo- ' l'&/-o%ucc!o#& %# cu'l3u!#- 'u$o- u'o, /#-o co&!%#-'%o& # &u -#l'c! co &u -'/#&'!#$o c#$-'l, &o %# 'lc'c# !4!$'#$# 5& '/l!o, %# +'lo- !4!$'#$#

'o-* D#&%# #&$# /u$o %# +!&$', c'%' $#' '%3u!#-# u#+o &!!4c'%o* E l'&+#-%'%#& 5& &#c!ll'#$# #uc!'%'& &# #c!#--' /-!c!/!o& $' 'l$o& coo #l c!#lo, 3u# ''-c' l' #$#-!%'%*

El $#' c#$-'l %# l' B!l!', #l $#' 'l-#%#%o- %#l cu'l &# '-u/' $o%o& lo& %#5& %#lL!-o, #& #l /l' %# l' -#%#c!, l' -#&$'u-'c! %# l' !'# %# D!o& # #l 'l'u''* D#&%# l' /-!#-' !&!u'c! %# #&/#-'9' 3u# &# !9o # l' &#$#c!'/-ouc!'%' # #l E%., '&$' l' lo-!o&' /-o#&' %#l A/oc'l!/&!&: " +#-5 &u -o&$-o, &u o-# #&$'-5 # &u& 7-#$#&" +#-5 &u -o&$-o, &u o-# #&$'-5 # &u& 7-#$#&",#l/-o/&!$o %# c'%' l!-o /'&'j# %# l' B!l!' #& #l %#&'--ollo %# #&$# '-'+!llo&o $#': L'#l#+'c! %#l o-#, #l /o%#- %# D!o&, "3u# "3u# 12 o& %' l' +!c$o-!' /o- #%!o %#



u#&$-o S#o- =#&uc-!&$o"* o& %' l' +!c$o-!' /o- #%!o %# u#&$-o S#o- =#&uc-!&$o"*1Co-* 1J: J*< (No$': <1 Co-* 1J: J*<)

"El 3u# c'/$' #&$# /#&'!#$o, $!## '$# & u c'/o !4!$o %# #&$u%!o* T!## l' ll'+#3u# l# '-!-5 $o%o #l $#&o-o %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&"

L' c!#c!' %# l' -#%#c! #& l' c!#c!' %# l'& c!#c!'&> l' c!#c!' 3u# co&$!$u# #lo$!+o %# #&$u%!o %# lo& 5#l#& $o%o& lo& &#-#& !$#l!#$#& %# lo& u%o& o c'%o&>

l' c!#c!' 3u# ocu/' l' '$#c! %# u#&$-o S#o- S'l+'%o-> l' c!#c!' 3u# /##$-' ##l /-o/&!$o 'c!%o # l' #$# %#l S#- I4!$o, "3u# &# ' '$#!%o ocul$o %#&%#$!#/o& #$#-o&"L' c!#c!' %# l' -#%#c! #& l' c!#c!' %# l'& c!#c!'&> l' c!#c!' 3u#co&$!$u# #l o$!+o %# #&$u%!o %# lo& 5#l#& $o%o& lo& &#-#& !$#l!#$#& %# lo&u%o& o c'%o&> l' c!#c!' 3u# ocu/' l' '$#c! %# u#&$-o S#o- S'l+'%o-> l'c!#c!' 3u# /##$-' # #l /-o/&!$o 'c!%o # l' #$# %#l S#- I4!$o, "3u# &# ''$#!%o ocul$o %#&%# $!#/o& #$#-o&"Ro* 1: 2J*> l' c!#c!' 3u# &#-5 #l #&$u%!o %#lo& -#%!!%o& %# D!o& %u-'$# lo& &!lo& &! 4* E& .&$# #l #&$u%!o 5& #l#+'%o 3u#/u#%# #/-#%#- #l o-#* A+!+' l' #$# #l#+' #l 'l' coo ! o$-o #&$u%!o/o%-' 'c#-lo* (No$': Ro* 1: 2J*<)

"L' &'!%u-' #6c#%#, # 3u# %' +!%' ' &u& /o&##%o-#&"* "L'& /'l'-'& 3u# o o& #

'l'%o "L' &'!%u-' #6c#%#, # 3u# %' +!%' ' &u& /o&##%o-#&"* "L'& /'l'-'& 3u# oo& # 'l'%o %!jo =#&& &o #&/-!$u &o +!%'"* " #&$' #& l' +!%' #$#-': 3u# $#coo9c' ' $!, #l !co D!o& +#-%'%#-o, ' =#&uc-!&$o, ' 3u!# '& #+!'%o"* &o #&/-!$u &o +!%'"* " #&$' #& l' +!%' #$#-': 3u# $# coo9c' ' $!, #l !co D!o& +#-%'%#-o, '

=#&uc-!&$o, ' 3u!# '& #+!'%o"*Ecl* : 12> =u' : ;> 1: ;* (No$': Ecl* : 12> =u' : ;>1: ;*<)

M 2&# KJ@ E l' /'l'-' %# D!o& #&$5 l' ##-' c-#'%o-' 3u# ll' lo& u%o& ' l'#6!&$#c!'* E&$' /'l'-' !/'-$# /o%#-> ##%-' +!%'* C'%' o-%# #& u' /-o#&'>'c#/$'%' /o- l' +olu$'%, -#c!!%' # #l 'l', $-'# co&!o l' +!%' %#l S#- !4!$o*

T-'&7o-' l' '$u-'l#9' +u#l+# ' c-#'- #l 'l' ' !'# %# D!o&*

D# !u'l o%o &# &o&$!## l' +!%' '& !/'-$!%'* El o-# +!+!-5 %# "$o%' /'l'-' 3u#&'l# %# l' oc' %# D!o&"*"$o%' /'l'-' 3u# &'l# %# l' oc' %# D!o&"*M'$* K: K*< (No$':M'$* K: K*<)

L' #$#, #l 'l', &# #%!4c' co lo 3u# l# &!-+# %# 'l!#$o, ' o&o$-o& o& $oc'%#$#-!'- l' L' #$#, #l 'l', &# #%!4c' co lo 3u# l# &!-+# %# 'l!#$o, ' o&o$-o&o& $oc' %#$#-!'- l' 12 cl'&# %# 'l!#$o 3u# -#c!!-5* E&$5 'l 'lc'c# %# $o%o&#&co#- lo& $#'& 3u# ' %# ocu/'- lo& /#&'!#$o& 'ol%'- #l c'-5c$#-* D!o& %!c#%# c'%' &#- u'o /-!+!l#!'%o co #l 'cc#&o ' l'& E&c-!$u-'&: "L# #&c-! l'& -'%#9'&%# ! l#"* "Cl'' ' , o $# -#&/o%#-., $# #&#'-. co&'& -'%#& ocul$'& 3u#$ o cooc#&" cl'&# %# 'l!#$o 3u# -#c!!-5* E&$5 'l 'lc'c# %# $o%o& #&co#- lo&

$#'& 3u# ' %# ocu/'- lo& /#&'!#$o& 'ol%'- #l c'-5c$#-* D!o& %!c# %# c'%' &#-u'o /-!+!l#!'%o co #l 'cc#&o ' l'& E&c-!$u-'&: "L# #&c-! l'& -'%#9'& %# ! l#"*"Cl'' ' , o $# -#&/o%#-., $# #&#'-. co&'& -'%#& ocul$'& 3u# $ ocooc#&"* (No$': <O&#* : 12> =#-* ;;: ;*)

Co l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& # l' 'o, $o%o &#- u'o, cu'l3u!#-' &#' &u &u#-$# # l' +!%',/u#%# o9'- %# l' cl'&# %# cou! 3u# #&coj'* 8o- #%!o %# &u& /5!'& /u#%#-#l'c!o'-&# co lo #jo- lo 5& ol# %# l' #&/#c!# u'', #&cuc'- l' +o9 %#lE$#-o 3u# 'l' co lo& o-#&* Al #&$u%!'- #%!$'- # lo& $#'& 3u# lo& 5#l#&"'#l' !-'-"'#l' !-'-"1 8#%* l: 12* /u#%# o9'- %# &u co/''* 8u#%# &#u!-l'& /!&'%'& %#l M'#&$-o c#l#&$!'l #&cuc'- &u& /'l'-'& coo cu'%o .l l'& #&#''



# l' o$'', l' ll'u-' #l '-* 8u#%# o-'- # #&$' $!#--' # l' '$&7#-' %#l c!#lo, #!/'-$!- ' lo& '?!!%o& $#$'%o& %# l' $!#--' /#&'!#$o& %# #&/#-'9' '#lo& %#&'$!%'%> /u#%# lo-'- 3u# &u cou! co #l I+!&!l# &#' c'%' +#9 5& $!', coo'3u#l 3u# '$'o '%u+o co D!o&, 'c#-c5%o&# c'%' +#9 5& 'l u-'l %#l u%o#$#-o, '&$' 3u# lo& /o-$'l#& &# '-' /u#%' #$-'-* E$oc#& o &# &#$!-5 'll coou #6$-'o* Lo &'lu%'-5 l'& +oc#& %# lo& &'$o& 3u#, !+!&!l#&, #-' &u& co/'#-o& #l' $!#--', +oc#& 3u# .l '/-#%! ' %!&$!u!- ''- '3u* El 3u# /o- #%!o %# l' 8'l'-'%# D!o& ' +!+!%o # cou! co, #l c!#lo, &# &#$!-5 coo # &u c'&' # #l '!#$#

c#l#&$!'l* 12 (No$': 1 8#%* l: 12*<)La Ciencia y la Bi!lia

"Gu. co&' %# $o%'& .&'& o #$!#%# 3u# l' 'o %# =#o+5 l' !9oH"

"8UESTO 3u# #l l!-o %# l' '$u-'l#9' #l %# l' -#+#l'c! ll#+' #l &#llo %# l' !&'M#$# '#&$-', o /u#%# &!o 'l'- # '-o'* Co %!7#-#$#& .$o%o& l#u'j#&,%' $#&$!o!o %# l'& !&'& -'%#& +#-%'%#&* L' c!#c!' %#&cu-# &!#/-# u#+'&'-'+!ll'&, /#-o # &u !+#&$!'c! o o$!## '%' 3u#, co--#c$'#$# co/-#%!%o,%!&c-#/# co l' -#+#l'c! %!+!'* El l!-o %# l' '$u-'l#9' l' 8'l'-' #&c-!$' &#'lu-' u$u'#$#* No& 7'!l!'-!9' co D!o& 'l #&#'-o& 'lo %# l'& l##& /o-

#%!o %# l'& cu'l#& .l o-'*"

"S! #'-o, 'lu'& %#%ucc!o#& #--#'& %# 7##o& o&#-+'%o& # l' '$u-'l#9',' #co &u/o#- 3u# #6!&$# u co?!c$o #$-# l' c!#c!' l' -#+#l'c! , # lo&#&7u#-9o& -#'l!9'%o& /'-' -#&$'u-'- l' '-o' #$-# ''&, &# ' '%o/$'%o!$#-/-#$'c!o#& %# l'& E&c-!$u-'& 3u# !' %#&$-u# l' 7u#-9' %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&*S# ' c-#%o 3u# l' #olo' co$-'%!c# l' !$#-/-#$'c! l!$#-'l %#l -#l'$o o&'!co %# l'c-#'c!* S# /-#$#%# 3u# &# -#3u!-!#-o !llo#& %# 'o& /'-' 3u# l' $!#--'#+oluc!o'-' ' /'-$!- %#l c'o&, ' 4 %# 'coo%'- l' B!l!' ' #&$' &u/u#&$' -#+#l'c!%# l' c!#c!', &# &u/o# 3u# lo& %'& %# l' c-#'c! ' &!%o +'&$o& # !%#4!%o&/#-o%o& 3u# ''-c' !l#& '&$' !llo#& %# 'o&* "

S##j'$# coclu&! #& #$#-'#$# !#c#&'-!'* El -#l'$o l!co #&$5 # '-o'co&!o !&o co l' #&#'9' %# l' '$u-'l#9'* D#l /-!#- %' #/l#'%o # l' o-'%# l' c-#'c! &# %!c#:S##j'$# coclu&! #& #$#-'#$# !#c#&'-!'* El -#l'$o l!co#&$5 # '-o' co&!o !&o co l' #&#'9' %# l' '$u-'l#9'* D#l /-!#- %'#/l#'%o # l' o-' %# l' c-#'c! &# %!c#: " 7u# l' $'-%# l' ''' u %'"* " 7u# l'$'-%# l' ''' u %'"*.* l: J* Lo !&o &# %!c# # &u&$'c!' %# c'%' uo %# lo&&#!& %'& %# l' &#'' %# l' c-#'c!* L' I&/!-'c! %#cl'-' 3u# c'%' uo %# #&o&/#-o%o& ' &!%o u %' co/u#&$o %# ''' $'-%#, coo cu'l3u!#- o$-o %'$-'&cu--!%o %#&%# #$oc#&* E cu'$o ' l' o-' %# l' c-#'c!, #l $#&$!o!o %!+!o #&coo &!u#: "8o-3u# .l %!jo, 7u# #co> .l '%, #6!&$!"8o-3u# .l %!jo, 7u# #co>.l '%, #6!&$!"* GCu5$o $!#/o #c#&!$'-' /'-' &'c'- l' $!#--' %#l c'o& A3u#l 3u#

/o%' ll''- %# #&# o%o ' l' #6!&$#c!' ' lo& u%o& !u#-'l#&H 8'-' %'- -'9 %#&u& o-'&, G#o& %# +!ol#$'- &u 8'l'-'H (No$': .* l: J* <S'l* ;;: *<)

= ;&# K@ E& c!#-$o 3u# lo& -#&$o& #co$-'%o& # l' $!#--' $#&$!4c' 3u# #6!&$!#-o o-#&,'!'l#& /l'$'& uco 5& -'%#& 3u# lo& 3u# 'o-' &# cooc#* S# co&!%#-' 3u#&o /-u#' %# l' #6!&$#c!' %# u' +!%' '!'l +##$'l '$#& %#l $!#/o #c!o'%o# #l -#l'$o o&'!co* 8#-o # cu'$o ' #&$'& co&'&, l' !&$o-!' l!c' /-o/o-c!o' '/l!'#6/l!c'c!* A$#& %#l %!lu+!o, #l %#&'--ollo %# l' +!%' '!'l +##$'l #-'!co#&u-'l##$# &u/#-!o- 'l 3u# &# ' cooc!%o %#&%# #$oc#&* E oc'&! %#l%!lu+!o, l' &u/#-4c!# %# l' $!#--' &u7-! cooc!o#&, ocu--!#-o c'!o& o$'l#&, # l'



u#+' 7o-'c! %# l' co&$-' $#--#&$-# &# co&#-+'-o uc'& /-u#'& %# l' +!%'/-##6!&$#$#* Lo& -'%#& o&3u#& &#/ul$'%o& # l' $!#--' cu'%o ocu--! #l %!lu+!o,co+#-$!%o& %#&/u.& # c'-, 7o-' lo& #6$#&o& 'c!!#$o& c'-o7#-o& &u!!&$-' /#$-l#o, &u&$'c!'& #c#&'-!'& /'-' u#&$-' coo%!%'% co+#!#c!'*E&$'& co&'&, 'l &#- %#&cu!#-$'&, &o o$-o& $'$o& $#&$!o& u%o& %# l' +#-'c!%'% %# l'8'l'-' %# D!o&*

S##j'$# ' l' $#o-' -#7#-#$# ' l' #+oluc! %# l' $!#--' #& l' 3u# '$-!u# ' u' l#'

'&c#%#$# %# .-##&, olu&co& cu'%-/#%o&, l' #+oluc! %#l o-#, co-o'lo-!o&' %# l' c-#'c!*

Cu'%o &# co&!%#-' l'& o/o-$u!%'%#& 3u# $!## #l o-# /'-' !+#&$!'-, cu'%o &#co&!%#-' cu5 -#+# #& &u +!%', cu5 l!!$'%' &u #&7#-' %# 'cc!, cu5 -#&$-!!%' &u+!&!, cu5 7-#cu#$#& -'%#& &o lo& #--o-#& %# &u& coclu&!o#&, #&/#c!'l#$# #lo 3u# &# -#4#-# ' lo& &uc#&o& 3u# &# &u/o# /-#c#%!#-o ' l' !&$o-!' l!c', cu5 '#u%o &# -#+!&' o %#&#c' l'& &u/u#&$'& %#%ucc!o#& %# l' c!#c!', co 3u./-o$!$u% &# ''%# o 3u!$' !llo#& %# 'o& 'l &u/u#&$o /#-o%o %#l %#&'--ollo %# l'$!#--' co &# co$-'%!c# l'& $#o-'& /-#&#$'%'& /o- %!7#-#$#& o-#& %# c!#c!'>cu'%o &# co&!%#-' #&$o, Gco&#$!-#o& o&o$-o&, /o- #l /-!+!l#!o %# -'&$-#'- u#&$-''&c#%#c!' ' $-'+.& %# .-##&, olu&co& oo&, # %#&#c'- #&' %#cl'-'c! %#

l' S'$' E&c-!$u-', $' -'%!o&' # &u &#c!ll#9: " c-# D!o& 'l o-# ' &u !'#, '!'# %# D!o& lo c-#" " c-# D!o& 'l o-# ' &u !'#, ' !'# %# D!o& lo c-#"HGD#&#c'-#o& #l !7o-# ##'l!co 5& '4co 3u# cu'l3u!#-' '$#&o-'%o # l'&co-$#& %# lo& -##&: "!jo %# A%5, !jo %# D!o&" "!jo %# A%5, !jo %# D!o&" HD#!%'#$# co/-#%!%'&, $'$o l'& -#+#l'c!o#& %# l' c!#c!' coo l'& #6/#-!#c!'&%# l' +!%' #&$5 # '-o' co #l $#&$!o!o %# l' E&c-!$u-' # cu'$o ' l' o-'co&$'$# %# D!o& # l' '$u-'l#9'* (No$': .* l: 2*<Luc* ;: ;* < )

E #l !o -#!&$-'%o # #l l!-o %# N##'&, lo& l#+!$'& c'$'-o: "T &olo #-#& =#o+5>$ !c!&$# lo& c!#lo&, lo& c!#lo& %# lo& c!#lo&, co $o%o &u #j.-c!$o, l' $!#--' $o%o lo 3u##&$5 # #ll', lo& '-#& $o%o lo 3u# ' # #llo&> $ +!+!4c'& $o%'& #&$'& co&'&"*"T&olo #-#& =#o+5> $ !c!&$# lo& c!#lo&, lo& c!#lo& %# lo& c!#lo&, co $o%o &u #j.-c!$o, l'

$!#--' $o%o lo 3u# #&$5 # #ll', lo& '-#& $o%o lo 3u# ' # #llo&> $ +!+!4c'& $o%'&#&$'& co&'&"*N#* : * (No$': N#* : *<)

E lo 3u# -#&/#c$' ' #&$' $!#--', l'& E&c-!$u-'& %#cl'-' 3u# l' o-' %# l' c-#'c! '&!%o $#-!'%'* "L'& o-'& &u'& #&$'' 'c''%'& %#&%# l' 7u%'c! "L'& o-'& &u'&#&$'' 'c''%'& %#&%# l' 7u%'c! 1;1 %#l u%o" %#l u%o"* 8#-o #l /o%#- %# D!o&#&$5 ' # 'cc! /'-' &o&$##- lo& oj#$o& %# &u c-#'c!* No l'$# #l /ul&o ! &#&uc#%# l'& -#&/!-'c!o#& /o- #l #co %# 3u# #l #c'!&o u' +#9 /u#&$o #o+!!#$o &!u# 'c$u'%o /o- &u /-o/!' ##-' !#-#$#* C'%' -#&/!-'c!, c'%'l'$!%o %#l co-'9 #& u' #+!%#c!' %#l cu!%'%o %# A3u#l # 3u!# +!+!o&, o&o+#o& &oo&* D#&%# #l !&#c$o 5& /#3u#o, '&$' #l o-#, $o%' c-!'$u-'

+!+!#$# %#/#%# %!'-!'#$# %# &u /-o+!%#c!'* (No$': #* K: ;*<)"To%o& #llo& #&/#-' # $!* * * "To%o& #llo& #&/#-' # $!* * * L#& %'&, -#co#>L#& %'&,-#co#>A-#& $u 'o, &# &'c!' %# !#* A-#& $u 'o, &# &'c!' %# !#* E&co%#&$u -o&$-o, &# $u-'>E&co%#& $u -o&$-o, &# $u-'>L#& 3u!$'& #l 5l!$o, %#j' %# &#-, L#&3u!$'& #l 5l!$o, %#j' %# &#-, +u#l+# 'l /ol+o* +u#l+# 'l /ol+o*E+'& $u E&/-!$u, &oc-#'%o&,E+'& $u E&/-!$u, &o c-#'%o&, -#u#+'& l' 7'9 %# l' $!#--'"* -#u#+'& l' 7'9%# l' $!#--'"*S'l* 10K: 2;0*"El #6$!#%# #l o-$# &o-# +'co, "El #6$!#%# #l o-$# &o-#+'co, Cu#l' l' $!#--' &o-# '%'*Cu#l' l' $!#--' &o-# '%'*A$' l'& 'u'& # &u&u#&,A$' l'& 'u'& # &u& u#&, l'& u#& o &# -o/# %#'jo %# #ll'&* * * l'&u#& o &# -o/# %#'jo %# #ll'&* * *8u&o l!$# ' l' &u/#-4c!# %# l'& 'u'&,8u&o



l!$# ' l' &u/#-4c!# %# l'& 'u'&,'&$' #l 4 %# l' lu9 l'& $!!#l'&*'&$' #l 4 %# l'lu9 l'& $!!#l'&*L'& colu'& %#l c!#lo $!#l',L'& colu'& %#l c!#lo $!#l', &##&/'$' ' &u -#/-#&!* &# #&/'$' ' &u -#/-#&!* El '!$' #l '- co &u/o%#-* * *El '!$' #l '- co &u /o%#-* * *Su #&/-!$u '%o- lo& c!#lo&>Su #&/-!$u '%o-lo& c!#lo&>Su 'o c-# l' &#-/!#$# $o-$uo&',Su 'o c-# l' &#-/!#$# $o-$uo&',#'3u, #&$'& co&'& &o &lo lo& o-%#& %# &u& c'!o&># '3u, #&$'& co&'& &o &lo lo&o-%#& %# &u& c'!o&> cu5 l#+# #& #l &u&u--o 3u# #o& o%o %# .lP cu5 l#+# #&#l &u&u--o 3u# #o& o%o %# .lP8#-o #l $-u#o %# &u /o%#-, G3u!. lo /u#%#

co/-#%#-H"8#-o #l $-u#o %# &u /o%#-, G3u!. lo /u#%# co/-#%#-H"*"=#o+5 '-c'# l' $#/#&$'% #l $o-#ll!o, "=#o+5 '-c' # l' $#/#&$'% #l $o-#ll!o, l'&u#& &o #l /ol+o %# &u& /!#&"*l'& u#& &o #l /ol+o %# &u& /!#&"*N'* 1: ;* El #o-#/o%#- 3u# o-' # $o%' l' '$u-'l#9' &o&$!## $o%'& l'& co&'&, o #& #-'#$#, coo%!c# 'luo& o-#& %# c!#c!', u /-!c!/!o 3u# $o%o lo /##$-', ! u' ##-''c$!+'* D!o& #& #&/-!$u, 1;2 o o&$'$# #& u &#- /#-&o'l, /u#& #l o-# 7u# #co' &u !'#* Coo &#- /#-&o'l, D!o& &# ' -#+#l'%o # &u !jo* =#&&, #l -#&/l'%o- %#l' lo-!' %# &u 8'%-# " l' !'# !&' %# &u &u&$'c!'" l' !'# !&' %# &u&u&$'c!'"#* l: ;* , &# 'll # l' $!#--' # 7o-' %# o-#* Coo S'l+'%o- /#-&o'l,+!o 'l u%o '&c#%! ' lo 'l$o* Coo S'l+'%o- /#-&o'l !$#-c#%# # l'& co-$#&c#l#&$!'l#&* D#l'$# %#l $-oo %# D!o& !!&$-' # 7'+o- u#&$-o, "Uo coo u !jo %#o-#"Uo coo u !jo %# o-#"* (No$': S'l* 10K: 2;0*<=o* 2: , , 101K*<N'*

1: ;* <#* l: ;* <D'* : 1;* <)V K&# K@ El '/&$ol 8'lo, 'l #&c-!!- o+!%o /o- #l E&/-!$u S'$o, %#cl'-' %# C-!&$o 3u# "#.l 7u#-o c-#'%'& $o%'& l'& co&'&* * * /'-' .l* .l #& '$#& %# $o%'& l'& co&'&, $o%'&l'& co&'& # .l &u&!&$#"# .l 7u#-o c-#'%'& $o%'& l'& co&'&* * * /'-' .l* .l #& '$#&%# $o%'& l'& co&'&, $o%'& l'& co&'& # .l &u&!&$#"* L' 'o 3u# &o&$!## lo& u%o&# #l #&/'c!o, l' 'o 3u# '$!## # &u %!&/o&!c! o-%#'%' 'c$!+!%'% !c'&'l#$o%'& l'& co&'& # #l u!+#-&o %# D!o&, #& l' 'o 3u# 7u# cl'+'%' # l' c-u9 /o-o&o$-o&* (No$': Col* l: 1, 1*<)

L' -'%#9' %# D!o& o& #& !co/-#&!l#* "=#o+5 $!## # #l c!#lo &u $-oo" "=#o+5$!## # #l c!#lo &u $-oo"S'l* 11: K* > &! #'-o, #& o!/-#&#$# #%!'$# &uE&/-!$u* T!## u $!o cooc!!#$o %# $o%'& l'& o-'& %# &u 'o u !$#-.&

/#-&o'l # #ll'&* (No$': S'l* 11: K* <)

"Gu!. coo =#o+5 u#&$-o D!o&,"Gu!. coo =#o+5 u#&$-o D!o&,u# &# &!#$' #l'& 'l$u-'&,u# &# &!#$' # l'& 'l$u-'&,u# &# u!ll' ' !-'-u# &# u!ll' ' !-'-E#l c!#lo # l' $!#--'H"E #l c!#lo # l' $!#--'H"GA %%# # !-. %# $u E&/-!$uH"GA %%## !-. %# $u E&/-!$uHG ' %%# u!-. %# $u /-#&#c!'HG ' %%# u!-. %# $u /-#&#c!'HS! &u!#-# ' lo& c!#lo&, 'll #&$5& $>S! &u!#-# ' lo& c!#lo&, 'll #&$5& $> &! # #l S#ol!c!#-# ! #&$-'%o, &! # #l S#ol !c!#-# ! #&$-'%o,# '3u, 'll $ #&$5&*# '3u, 'll $#&$5&*S! $o'-# l'& 'l'& %#l 'l'S! $o'-# l'& 'l'& %#l 'l' '!$'-# # #l #6$-#o %#l'-, '!$'-# # #l #6$-#o %#l '-,A 'll # u!'-5 $u 'o,A 'll # u!'-5 $u'o, # '&!-5 $u %!#&$-'" # '&!-5 $u %!#&$-'"*1;;"T '& cooc!%o ! &#$'-# !

l#+'$'-#> '& #$#%!%o %#&%# l#jo& !& /#&'!#$o&*"T '& cooc!%o ! &#$'-# ! l#+'$'-#> '& #$#%!%o %#&%# l#jo& !& /#&'!#$o&*'& #&cu%-!'%o !'%'- ! -#/o&o,'& #&cu%-!'%o ! '%'- ! -#/o&o, $o%o& !& c'!o& $# &ocooc!%o&* * * $o%o& !& c'!o& $# &o cooc!%o&* * * D#$-5& %#l'$# #-o%#'&$#,D#$-5& %#l'$# # -o%#'&$#, &o-# /u&!&$# $u 'o* &o-# /u&!&$# $u'o*T'l cooc!!#$o #& %#'&!'%o T'l cooc!!#$o #& %#'&!'%o M'-'+!llo&o /'-'>M'-'+!llo&o /'-' >Al$o #&, o lo /u#%o co/-#%#-"Al$o #&, o lo /u#%oco/-#%#-"* El 'c#%o- %# $o%'& l'& co&'& 7u# #l 3u# o-%# l' '-'+!llo&' '%'/$'c!%# lo& #%!o& ' &u 4, %#l ''&$#c!!#$o ' l' #c#&!%'%* Fu# .l 3u!# # #l u%o'$#-!'l !9o /-o+!&! /'-' &u/l!- $o%o %#&#o !/l'$'%o /o- .l !&o* Fu# .l 3u!#c-# #l 'l' u'' co &u c'/'c!%'% %# cooc#- ''-* .l, /o- &u /-o/!' '$u-'l#9',



o /u#%# %#j'- %# &'$!&7'c#- lo& '#lo& %#l 'l'* N! /-!c!/!o !$'!l#, !u'#&#c!' !/#-&o'l o #-' '&$-'cc! /u#%# &'c!'- l'& #c#&!%'%#& lo& '#lo& %# lo&&#-#& u'o& # #&$' +!%' %# luc' co$-' #l /#c'%o, #l /#&'- #l %olo-* No #&&u4c!#$# c-##- # l' l# # l' 7u#-9', # co&'& 3u# o /u#%# $##- /!#%'%, 3u#uc' o# u /#%!%o %# 'u%'* N#c#&!$'o& &'#- 3u# #6!&$# u -'9o $o%o/o%#-o&o3u# o& /u#%# &o&$##-, %# u A!o !4!$o 3u# &# co/'%#c# %# o&o$-o&*N#c#&!$'o& #&$-#c'- u' 'o c5l!%' co4'- # u co-'9 ll#o %# $#-u-'* /-#c!&'#$# '& &# ' -#+#l'%o D!o& # &u 8'l'-'* (No$': S'l* 11;: J, > 1;: 10*<S'l*

1;: 2*<)El 3u# #&$u%!# 5& /-o7u%'#$# lo& !&$#-!o& %# l' '$u-'l#9', co/-#%#-5 5&/l#'#$# &u /-o/!' !o-'c!' &u %#!l!%'%* Co/-#%#-5 3u# ' /-o7u%!%'%#& 'l$u-'& 3u# o /u#%# 'lc'9'-, &#c-#$o& 3u# o /u#%# /##$-'-, +'&$o& c'/o& %#+#-%'% 3u# #&$5 %#l'$# %# .l &! #6/lo-'-* E&$'-5 %!&/u#&$o ' %#c!- co N#$o: "M#/'-#c# 3u# o !&o # &!%o coo u !o 3u# u&c' u!j'--o& coc'& ' l' o-!ll' %#l'-, !#$-'& #l -' oc.'o %# l' +#-%'% &# 'll'' !#6/lo-'%o %#l'$# %# "*"

Lo& 5& /-o7u%o& #&$u%!o&o& %# l' c!#c!' &# +# co&$-#!%o& ' -#cooc#- # l''$u-'l#9' l' o-' %# u /o%#- !4!$o* S! #'-o, /'-' l' &ol' -'9 u'', l'#&#'9' %# l' '$u-'l#9' o /u#%# &#- &!o co$-'%!c$o-!' ll#' %# 7-u&$-'c!o#&*

Slo &# l' /u#%# l##- co--#c$'#$# ' l' lu9 %# l' -#+#l'c!* "8o- l' 7# #$#%#o&"8o-l' 7# #$#%#o&"* (No$': #* 11: ;* <)

"E #l /-!c!/!o* * * D!o&"*"E #l /-!c!/!o* * * D!o&"*.* 1: 1* U!c'#$# '3u /u#%##co$-'- -#/o&o l' #$# # &u !+#&$!'c! '#lo&', cu'%o +u#l' coo l' /'lo'%#l '-c'* A--!', %#'jo, 5& 'll5, '!$' #l 'o- !4!$o, 3u# 'c# 3u# $o%'& l'& co&'&cu/l' &u "/-o/&!$o %# o%'%"/-o/&!$o %# o%'%"* (No$': .* 1: 1* <2 T#&* 1: 11*<)

"8o-3u# l'& co&'& %# .l, &u #$#-o /o%#- %#!%'%, &# 'c# cl'-'#$# +!&!l#&* * * /o-#%!o %# l'& co&'& #c'&"*"8o-3u# l'& co&'& %# .l, &u #$#-o /o%#- %#!%'%, &# 'c#cl'-'#$# +!&!l#&* * * /o- #%!o %# l'& co&'& #c'&"*Ro* 1: 20 8#-o &u $#&$!o!o

&lo /u#%# &#- #$#%!%o co l' 'u%' %#l %!+!o M'#&$-o* "Gu!. %# lo& o-#& &'#l'& co&'& %#l o-#, &!o #l #&/-!$u %#l o-# 3u# #&$5 # .lH A& $'/oco '%!#cooc! l'& co&'& %# D!o&, &!o #l E&/-!$u %# D!o&"Gu!. %# lo& o-#& &'# l'& co&'&%#l o-#, &!o #l #&/-!$u %#l o-# 3u# #&$5 # .lH A& $'/oco '%!# cooc! l'&co&'& %# D!o&, &!o #l E&/-!$u %# D!o&"* (No$': Ro* 1: 20<1 Co-* 2: 11* <)

S J&# K@"8#-o cu'%o +#' #l E&/-!$u %# +#-%'%, .l o& u!'-5 ' $o%' l' +#-%'%"8#-o cu'%o+#' #l E&/-!$u %# +#-%'%, .l o& u!'-5 ' $o%' l' +#-%'%"* Slo #%!'$# l' 'u%' %##&# E&/-!$u 3u# # #l /-!c!/!o "&# o+' &o-# l' 7'9 %# l'& 'u'&">"&# o+' &o-# l'7'9 %# l'& 'u'&"> %# '3u#l V#-o /o- 3u!# "$o%'& l'& co&'&* * * 7u#-o #c'&">"$o%'&l'& co&'&* * * 7u#-o #c'&"> %# '3u#ll' "Lu9 +#-%'%#-' 3u# 'lu-' ' $o%o

o-#","Lu9 +#-%'%#-' 3u# 'lu-' ' $o%o o-#", /u#%# !$#-/-#$'-&#co--#c$'#$# #l $#&$!o!o %# l' c!#c!'* Slo #%!'$# &u %!-#cc! /u#%#%#&cu-!-&# &u& +#-%'%#& 5& /-o7u%'&* (No$': =u' 1* 1;<)

Slo 'jo l' %!-#cc! %#l O!&c!#$# /o%-#o& ll#'- ' /#&'- lo !&o 3u# .l cu'%o#&$u%!#o& &u& o-'&*

Principios y M1todos &plica!les a los 'egocios

" "El 3u# c'!' # !$#-!%'% '%' co4'%o"* "



NO A ocu/'c! lc!$' /'-' l' cu'l o /-o+#' l' B!l!' u' /-#/'-'c! #&#c!'l* Su&/-!c!/!o& %# %!l!#c!', o-'%#9, #coo', $#/#-'c!' /u-#9', &o #l &#c-#$o %#l+#-%'%#-o .6!$o* E&$o& /-!c!/!o&, &# lo& /-#&#$' #l l!-o %# 8-o+#-!o&, co&$!$u#u $#&o-o %# &'!%u-' /-5c$!c'* GD%# /u#%# 'll'- #l co#-c!'$#, #l '-$#&'o, #lco%uc$o- %# o-#& # cu'l3u!#- $!/o %# 'c$!+!%'%, #jo-#& 56!'& /'-' & &u&#/l#'%o& 3u# l'& 3u# &# #cu#$-' # l'& /'l'-'& %#l &'!oH

"G'& +!&$o o-# &olc!$o # &u $-''joH D#l'$# %# lo& -##& #&$'-5> o #&$'-5 %#l'$#

%# lo& %# 'j' co%!c!"G'& +!&$o o-# &olc!$o # &u $-''joH D#l'$# %# lo& -##&#&$'-5> o #&$'-5 %#l'$# %# lo& %# 'j' co%!c!"* (No$': 8-o+* 22: 2* <)

"E $o%' l'o- ' 7-u$o> '& l'& +''& /'l'-'& %# lo& l'!o& #/o-#c#"*"E $o%'l'o- ' 7-u$o> '& l'& +''& /'l'-'& %# lo& l'!o& #/o-#c#"*8-o+* 1K: 2;* (No$':8-o+* 1K: 2;*<)

"El 'l' %#l /#-#9o&o %#&#', '%' 'lc'9'"* "8o-3u# #l ##%o- #l co!l#/o-#c#-5, #l &u#o '-5 +#&$!- +#&$!%o& -o$o&"*"El 'l' %#l /#-#9o&o %#&#', '%' 'lc'9'"* "8o-3u# #l ##%o- #l co!l #/o-#c#-5, #l &u#o '-5 +#&$!-+#&$!%o& -o$o&"*8-o+* 1;: K> 2;: 21* (No$': 8-o+* 1;: K> 2;: 21*<)

"El 3u# '%' # c!&#& %#&cu-# #l &#c-#$o > o $# #$-##$'&, /u#&, co #l &u#l$o %#l#u'"*"El 3u# '%' # c!&#& %#&cu-# #l &#c-#$o > o $# #$-##$'&, /u#&, co #l&u#l$o %# l#u'"*< (No$': <8-o+* 20: 1*)

"El 3u# 'o--' &u& /'l'-'& $!## &'!%u-'"El 3u# 'o--' &u& /'l'-'& $!## &'!%u-'">/#-o "$o%o !&#&'$o &# #+ol+#-5 # #ll'"$o%o !&#&'$o &# #+ol+#-5 # #ll'"*1;(No$': 8-o+* 1: 2> 20: ;*<)

"No #$-#& /o- l' +#-#%' %# lo& !/o&"No #$-#& /o- l' +#-#%' %# lo& !/o&"* "GA%'-5#l o-# &o-# -'&'& &! 3u# &u& /!#& &# 3u## H"GA%'-5 #l o-# &o-# -'&'&&! 3u# &u& /!#& &# 3u## H"8-o+* K: 1K> : 2* (No$': 8-o+* K: 1K> : 2*<)

"El 3u# '%' co &'!o&, &'!o &#-5 "*"El 3u# '%' co &'!o&, &'!o &#-5 "*8-o+* 1;: 20*(No$': 8-o+* 1;: 20* <)

"El o-# 3u# $!## '!o& ' %# o&$-'-&# '!o"El o-# 3u# $!## '!o& ' %#o&$-'-&# '!o"* (No$': 8-o+* 1: 2K*<)

To%' l' '' %# u#&$-'& ol!'c!o#& u$u'& #&$5 -#&u!%' # #&$' %#cl'-'c! %#C-!&$o: "A& 3u#, $o%'& l'& co&'& 3u# 3u#-5!& 3u# lo& o-#& '' co +o&o$-o&, '&$'!. 'c#% +o&o$-o& co #llo&"A& 3u#, $o%'& l'& co&'& 3u# 3u#-5!& 3u# lo& o-#&'' co +o&o$-o&, '& $'!. 'c#% +o&o$-o& co #llo&"* (No$': M'$* : 12* <)

M5& %# u o-# u!#-' #&c'/'%o 'l 7-'c'&o ' l' -u!' 4'c!#-', &! u!#&# $#!%o# cu#$' l'& '%+#-$#c!'& 3u# l'& E&c-!$u-'& -#/!$# -#c'lc'*

"El 3u# &# '/-#&u-' ' #-!3u#c#-&# o &#-5 &! cul/'"*"El 3u# &# '/-#&u-' ' #-!3u#c#-&#o &#-5 &! cul/'"*8-o+* 2: 20* (No$': 8-o+* 2: 20* <)

"L'& -!3u#9'& %# +'!%'% %!&!u!-5> /#-o #l 3u# -#co# co 'o l'o-!o&' l'&'u#$'"L'& -!3u#9'& %# +'!%'% %!&!u!-5> /#-o #l 3u# -#co# co 'o l'o-!o&'l'& 'u#$'"* (No$': 8-o+* 1;: 11*<)

D &# K@"Ao$o'- $#&o-o& co l#u' #$!-o&' #& 'l!#$o 7u'9 %# '3u#llo& 3u# u&c'



l' u#-$#"*"Ao$o'- $#&o-o& co l#u' #$!-o&' #& 'l!#$o 7u'9 %# '3u#llo& 3u#u&c' l' u#-$#"*< (No$': <8-o+* 21: *)

"El 3u# $o' /-#&$'%o #& &!#-+o %#l 3u# /-#&$'"*"El 3u# $o' /-#&$'%o #& &!#-+o %#l 3u#/-#&$'"*8-o+* 22: * (No$': 8-o+* 22: * <)

"Co '&!#%'% &#-5 '?!!%o #l 3u# &'l# /o- 4'%o- %# u #6$-'o> '& #l 3u# 'o--#c!#-#l'& 4'9'& +!+!-5 &#u-o"Co '&!#%'% &#-5 '?!!%o #l 3u# &'l# /o- 4'%o- %# u #6$-'o>

'& #l 3u# 'o--#c!#-# l'& 4'9'& +!+!-5 &#u-o"* (No$': 8-o+*11: 1J*<)"No $-'&/'&#& #l l!%#-o '$!uo, ! #$-#& # l' #-#%'% %# lo& u.-7'o&> /o-3u# #l%#7#&o- %# #llo& #& #l 7u#-$#, #l cu'l ju9'-5 l' c'u&' %# #llo& co$-' $!"* "El 3u# o/-!#'l /o-# /'-' 'u#$'- &u& ''c!'&, o 3u# %' 'l -!co, c!#-$'#$# &# #/o-#c#-5"*"El 3u# c'+' 7o&o c'#-5 # .l> 'l 3u# -#+u#l+# l' /!#%-', &o-# .l l# +ol+#-5"No$-'&/'&#& #l l!%#-o '$!uo, ! #$-#& # l' #-#%'% %# lo& u.-7'o&> /o-3u# #l %#7#&o-%# #llo& #& #l 7u#-$#, #l cu'l ju9'-5 l' c'u&' %# #llo& co$-' $!"* "El 3u# o/-!# 'l /o-#/'-' 'u#$'- &u& ''c!'&, o 3u# %' 'l -!co, c!#-$'#$# &# #/o-#c#-5"* "El 3u#c'+' 7o&o c'#-5 # .l> 'l 3u# -#+u#l+# l' /!#%-', &o-# .l l# +ol+#-5"*1; (No$': 8-o+*2;: 10, 11> 22:1> 2: 2*<)

A #&$o& /-!c!/!o& #&$5 l!'%o #l !##&$'- %# l' &oc!#%'%, $'$o # l'& -#l'c!o#&&#cul'-#& coo # l'& -#l!!o&'&* Ello& &o lo& 3u# %' &#u-!%'% ' l' /-o/!#%'% l'+!%'* 8o- $o%o lo 3u# 'c# /o&!l# l' co4'9' l' coo/#-'c!, #l u%o #& %#u%o- ' l'l# %# D!o&, &# l' %' &u 8'l'-', &# &# /u#%# #co$-'- ', # -'&o& '#u%o o&cu-o& c'&! o--'%o&, # #l co-'9 %# lo& o-#&*

L'& /'l'-'& %#l &'l!&$': "M#jo- # #& l' l# %# $u oc', 3u# !ll'-#& %# o-o /l'$'""M#jo- # #& l' l# %# $u oc', 3u# !ll'-#& %# o-o /l'$'" %#cl'-' 'lo 3u# #& c!#-$o%#&%# o$-o& /u$o& %# +!&$', 7u#-' %#l -#l!!o&o* D#cl'-' u' +#-%'% '&olu$',-#cooc!%' # #l u%o %# lo& #oc!o&* '&$' # #&$' ./oc' %# /'&! /o- l''cuul'c! %# %!#-o, cu'%o ' $'$' co/#$#c!' lo& .$o%o& &o $' /oco#&c-u/ulo&o&, &# -#cooc# '/l!'#$# 3u#, /'-' #l jo+# 3u# &# !!c!' # l' +!%', l'

!$#-!%'%, l' %!l!#c!', l' $#/#-'c!', l' #coo' l' /u-#9' co&$!$u# u c'/!$'l#jo- 3u# #l co&$!$u!%o #-'#$# /o- u' &u' %# %!#-o* (No$': S'l* 11: 2*<)

S! #'-o, ' #$-# lo& 3u# '/-#c!' #l +'lo- %# #&$'& cu'l!%'%#& -#cooc# 3u#$!## &u o-!# # l' B!l!', ' /oco& 3u# 'c#/$' #l /-!c!/!o # 3u# &# 7u%'*

El c!!#$o %# l' !$#-!%'% co#-c!'l %#l +#-%'%#-o .6!$o #& #l -#cooc!!#$o %#l%#-#co %# /-o/!#%'% %# D!o&* El C-#'%o- %# $o%'& l'& co&'& #& #l /-o/!#$'-!o o-!!'l*No&o$-o& &oo& &u& 'o-%oo&* To%o lo 3u# $##o& #& %#/&!$o &uo /'-' 3u# lou&#o& %# 'cu#-%o co &u& !%!c'c!o#&*

E&$' ol!'c! /#&' &o-# c'%' &#- u'o* S# '/l!c' ' $o%' l' '' %# l' 'c$!+!%'%u''* R#coo9c5o&lo o o, &oo& 'o-%oo& ' 3u!##& D!o& ' o$o-'%o $'l#$o& c'/'c!%'%#&, lo& ' /u#&$o # #l u%o /'-' 'c#- l' o-' 3u# .l l#& ' '&!'%o*

A c'%' o-# &# l# co4#-# "&u o-'"&u o-'"M'-* 1;: ;K*, l' o-' /'-' l' cu'l loc'/'c!$' &u& '/$!$u%#&, l' 3u# %'-5 coo -#&ul$'%o l' 'o- &u' %# !# /'-' &!&o &u& &##j'$#&, l' 'o- o-' /'-' D!o&* (No$': M'-* 1;: ;K*<)

D# o%o 3u# u#&$-o #oc!o ' +oc'c! 7o-' /'-$# %#l -' /l' %# D!o& , !#$-'&&# ll#+# ' c'o %# 'cu#-%o co &u +olu$'%, .l &# -#&/o&'!l!9'-5 %# lo& -#&ul$'%o&*Coo "col'o-'%o-#& %# D!o&"col'o-'%o-#& %# D!o&"1 Co-* ;: *, l' /'-$# 3u# o& $oc'



#& o#%#c#- 4#l#$# &u& !&$-ucc!o#&* No ', /o- lo $'$o, lu'- /'-' l' /-#ocu/'c! l' '&!#%'%* S# -#3u!#-# %!l!#c!', 4%#l!%'%, cu!%'%o, #coo' %!&c-#c!* C'%'7'cul$'% %## #/l#'-&# '&$' lo &uo* 8#-o o %##o& /o#- u#&$-' co4'9' # #l-#&ul$'%o 7#l!9 %# u#&$-o& #&7u#-9o&, &!o # l' /-o#&' %# D!o&* L' 8'l'-' 3u#'l!#$ ' I&-'#l # #l %#&!#-$o, '$u+o ' El'& !#$-'& /-#+'l#c' #l '-#, $!##o #l !&o /o%#- 3u# #$oc#&* "No o& '7'.!&, /u#&, %!c!#%o: Gu. co#-#o&, o3u. ##-#o&H* * * M'& u&c'% /-!#-'#$# #l -#!o %# D!o& &u ju&$!c!', $o%'&#&$'& co&'& o& &#-5 ''%!%'&"No o& '7'.!&, /u#&, %!c!#%o: Gu. co#-#o&, o 3u.

##-#o&H* * * M'& u&c'% /-!#-'#$# #l -#!o %# D!o& &u ju&$!c!', $o%'& #&$'&co&'& o& &#-5 ''%!%'&"* (No$': 1 Co-* ;: *<M'$* : ;1;;* <)

El 3u# %' ' lo& o-#& l' 7'cul$'% %# o$##- -!3u#9'&, ' u!%o 'l %o u' ol!'c!*R#cl'' u' /o-c! %#$#-!'%' %# $o%o lo 3u# '%3u!-!o&* El %!#9o /#-$##c# 'lS#o-* " #l %!#9o %# l' $!#--', '& %# l' &!!#$# %# l' $!#--' coo %#l 7-u$o %# lo&5-ol#&"* * * " $o%o %!#9o %# +'c'& o %# o+#j'&* * * &#-5 co&'-'%o ' =#o+5" #l%!#9o %# l' $!#--', '& %# l' &!!#$# %# l' $!#--' coo %#l 7-u$o %# lo& 5-ol#&"* * * "$o%o %!#9o %# +'c'& o %# o+#j'&* * * &#-5 co&'-'%o ' =#o+5"* L' /-o#&' #c' /o-

='co # B#$#l, u#&$-' lo 3u# ''-c' l' ol!'c!* "D# $o%o lo 3u# # %!#-#& "D# $o%olo 3u# # %!#-#& %!jo, #l %!#9o '/'-$'-. /'-' $!" #l %!#9o '/'-$'-. /'-' $!"* (No$':L#+* 2: ;0, ;2*<.* 2: 22* <)

L &# J0@"T-'#% lo& %!#9o& 'l 'l7ol"T-'#% lo& %!#9o& 'l 'l7ol", #& l' o-%# %# D!o&* No &##6$!#%# !u' !+!$'c! ' l' -'$!$u% 1; o ##-o&!%'%* E& u' cu#&$!, %# &!/l#o-'%#9* El %!#9o /#-$##c# 'l S#o-, .l o& o-%#' 3u# l# %#+ol+'o& lo 3u# l#/#-$##c#* (No$': M'l* ;: 10*<)

"S# -#3u!#-# %# lo& '%!!&$-'%o-#&, 3u# c'%' uo &#' 'll'%o 4#l"S# -#3u!#-# %# lo&'%!!&$-'%o-#&, 3u# c'%' uo &#' 'll'%o 4#l"* S! l' o-'%#9 #& u /-!c!/!o #&#c!'l# lo& #oc!o&, Go #o& %# -#cooc#- u#&$-' ol!'c! 'c!' D!o&, ol!'c! # l'3u# &# '&' $o%'& l'& %#5&H (No$': 1 Co-* K: 2*<)

D# 'cu#-%o co l'& co%!c!o#& # 3u# &# 7u%' u#&$-' 'o-%o', $##o&

ol!'c!o#&, o &lo co D!o&, &!o co lo& o-#&* To%o &#- u'o #&$5 # %#u%'co #l 'o- !4!$o %#l R#%#$o- /o- lo& %o#& %# l' +!%'* El 'l!#$o, #l +#&$!%o, #l'-!o, #l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l', $o%o ' &!%o co/-'%o co &u &'-#* /o- l'%#u%' %# -'$!$u% &#-+!c!o 3u# o& ' !/u#&$o, C-!&$o o& ' l!'%o ' u#&$-o&&##j'$#&* No& o-%#': "S#-+o& /o- 'o- lo& uo& ' lo& o$-o&"S#-+o& /o- 'o- lo&uo& ' lo& o$-o&"*"E cu'$o lo !c!&$#!& ' uo %# #&$o& !& #-'o& 5& /#3u#o&, ' lo !c!&$#!&"E cu'$o lo !c!&$#!& ' uo %# #&$o& !& #-'o& 5& /#3u#o&, ' lo!c!&$#!&"* (No$': 5l* J: 1;*<M'$* 2J: K0*<)

"A -!#o& ' o -!#o&, ' &'!o& ' o &'!o& "A -!#o& ' o -!#o&, ' &'!o& 'o &'!o& %#cl'-' 8'lo &o %#u%o-" &o %#u%o-"* Lo !&o ocu--# co o&o$-o&* 8u#&$o

3u# o& ' #%#c!%o 5& 3u# ' lo& %#5&, &oo& %#u%o-#& %# $o%o &#- u'o '3u!# /o%'o& ##4c!'-* (No$': Ro 1: 1K*<)

E&$'& +#-%'%#& $!## 3u# +#- o &lo co l' c5'-' /-!+'%', &!o co l' o4c!' %#co$'!l!%'% $'!.* Lo& !##& 3u# '#j'o& o o& /#-$##c#, j'5& #&$'-#o&&#u-o& &! /#-%#o& %# +!&$' #&$# #co* Soo& &lo '%!!&$-'%o-#&, %#lcu/l!!#$o %# u#&$-' ol!'c! 'c!' D!o& %#/#%# $'$o #l !##&$'- %# u#&$-o&&##j'$#&, coo u#&$-o /-o/!o %#&$!o # #&$' +!%' l' +#!%#-'*

"' 3u!##& -#/'-$#, l#& #& ''%!%o 5&> ' 3u!##& -#$!## 5& %# lo 3u# #& ju&$o, /#-o"' 3u!##& -#/'-$#, l#& #& ''%!%o 5&> ' 3u!##& -#$!## 5& %#



lo 3u# #& ju&$o, /#-o1K0+!## ' /o-#9'"* "Ec' $u /' &o-# l'& 'u'&> /o-3u#%#&/u.& %# uco& %'& lo 'll'-5&"* "El 'l' ##-o&' &#-5 /-o&/#-'%'> #l 3u#&'c!'-#, .l $'!. &#-5 &'c!'%o"+!## ' /o-#9'"* "Ec' $u /' &o-# l'& 'u'&>/o-3u# %#&/u.& %# uco& %'& lo 'll'-5&"* "El 'l' ##-o&' &#-5 /-o&/#-'%'> #l3u# &'c!'-#, .l $'!. &#-5 &'c!'%o"* (No$': 8-o+* 11: 2K> Ecl* 11: 1> 8-o+* 11: 2J*<)

6'# .E &F&'E$ P#R &CER.E RIC#6

"No $# '7'#& /o- 'c#-$# -!co* * * G'& %# /o#- $u& ojo& # l'& -!3u#9'&, &!#%o!u'&H 8o-3u# &# '-5 'l'& coo 'l'& %# 5u!l', +ol'-5 'l c!#lo"*"No $# '7'#&/o- 'c#-$# -!co* * * G'& %# /o#- $u& ojo& # l'& -!3u#9'&, &!#%o !u'&H 8o-3u# &#'-5 'l'& coo 'l'& %# 5u!l', +ol'-5 'l c!#lo"*8-o+* 2;: K, J* (No$': 8-o+* 2;: K, J*<)

"D'%, &# o& %'-5> #%!%' u#', '/-#$'%', -##c!%' -#o&'%o %'-5 # +u#&$-o-#'9o, /o-3u# co l' !&' #%!%' co 3u# #%&, o& +ol+#-5 ' #%!-"D'%, &# o&%'-5> #%!%' u#', '/-#$'%', -##c!%' -#o&'%o %'-5 # +u#&$-o -#'9o, /o-3u#co l' !&' #%!%' co 3u# #%&, o& +ol+#-5 ' #%!-"* (No$': Luc* : ;*<)

"o-' ' =#o+5 co $u& !##&, co l'& /-!!c!'& %# $o%o& $u& 7-u$o&> &#-5 ll#o& $u&-'#-o& co 'u%'c!', $u& l''-#& -#o&'-5 %# o&$o"o-' ' =#o+5 co $u&

!##&, co l'& /-!!c!'& %# $o%o& $u& 7-u$o&> &#-5 ll#o& $u& -'#-o& co'u%'c!', $u& l''-#& -#o&'-5 %# o&$o"* (No$': 8-o+* ;: , 10*<)

"T-'#% $o%o& lo& %!#9o& 'l 'l7ol '' 'l!#$o # ! c'&'> /-o'%# 'o-' # #&$o,%!c# =#o+5 %# lo& #j.-c!$o&, &! o o& '-!-. l'& +#$''& %# lo& c!#lo&, %#--''-. &o-#+o&o$-o& #%!c! '&$' 3u# &o-#'u%#* R#/-#%#-. $'!. /o- +o&o$-o& 'l%#+o-'%o-, o o& %#&$-u!-5 #l 7-u$o %# l' $!#--', ! +u#&$-' +!% # #l c'/o &#-5 #&$.-!l* ** $o%'& l'& 'c!o#& o& %!-5 !#'+#$u-'%o&> /o-3u# &#-.!& $!#--' %#&#'l#"T-'#%$o%o& lo& %!#9o& 'l 'l7ol '' 'l!#$o # ! c'&'> /-o'%# 'o-' # #&$o, %!c#

=#o+5 %# lo& #j.-c!$o&, &! o o& '-!-. l'& +#$''& %# lo& c!#lo&, %#--''-. &o-#+o&o$-o& #%!c! '&$' 3u# &o-#'u%#* R#/-#%#-. $'!. /o- +o&o$-o& 'l%#+o-'%o-, o o& %#&$-u!-5 #l 7-u$o %# l' $!#--', ! +u#&$-' +!% # #l c'/o &#-5 #&$.-!l* *

* $o%'& l'& 'c!o#& o& %!-5 !#'+#$u-'%o&> /o-3u# &#-.!& $!#--' %#&#'l#"* (No$':M'l* ;: 1012*<)

M &# J1@"S! '%u+!#-'!& # !& %#c-#$o& u'-%'-'!& !& '%'!#$o&, lo& /u&!#-'!& /o-o-', o %'-. +u#&$-' llu+!' # &u $!#/o, l' $!#--' -#%!-5 &u& /-o%uc$o&, #l 5-ol %#lc'/o %'-5 &u 7-u$o* Vu#&$-' $-!ll' 'lc'9'-5 ' l' +#%!!', l' +#%!!' 'lc'9'-5 "S!'%u+!#-'!& # !& %#c-#$o& u'-%'-'!& !& '%'!#$o&, lo& /u&!#-'!& /o- o-', o%'-. +u#&$-' llu+!' # &u $!#/o, l' $!#--' -#%!-5 &u& /-o%uc$o&, #l 5-ol %#l c'/o%'-5 &u 7-u$o* Vu#&$-' $-!ll' 'lc'9'-5 ' l' +#%!!', l' +#%!!' 'lc'9'-5 1K1 ' l'&##$#-', co#-.!& +u#&$-o /' '&$' &'c!'-o&, '!$'-.!& &#u-o& # +u#&$-'$!#--'* o %'-. /'9 # l' $!#--'* * * o '-5 3u!# o& #&/'$#" ' l' &##$#-',

co#-.!& +u#&$-o /' '&$' &'c!'-o&, '!$'-.!& &#u-o& # +u#&$-' $!#--'* o %'-./'9 # l' $!#--'* * * o '-5 3u!# o& #&/'$#"* (No$': L#+* 2: ;*<)

"A/-#%#% ' 'c#- #l !#> u&c'% #l ju!c!o, -#&$!$u!% 'l '-'+!'%o, 'c#% ju&$!c!' 'lu.-7'o, '/'-'% ' l' +!u%'"* "B!#'+#$u-'%o #l 3u# /!#&' # #l /o-#> # #l %''lo lo l!-'-5 =#o+5* =#o+5 lo u'-%'-5, l# %'-5 +!%'> &#-5 !#'+#$u-'%o # l'$!#--', o lo #$-#'-5& ' l' +olu$'% %# &u& ##!o&"* "A =#o+5 /-#&$' #l 3u# %' 'l/o-#, #l !# 3u# ' #co, &# lo +ol+#-5 ' /''-"A/-#%#% ' 'c#- #l !#> u&c'% #l

ju!c!o, -#&$!$u!% 'l '-'+!'%o, 'c#% ju&$!c!' 'l u.-7'o, '/'-'% ' l' +!u%'"*"B!#'+#$u-'%o #l 3u# /!#&' # #l /o-#> # #l %' 'lo lo l!-'-5 =#o+5* =#o+5 lou'-%'-5, l# %'-5 +!%'> &#-5 !#'+#$u-'%o # l' $!#--', o lo #$-#'-5& ' l'



+olu$'% %# &u& ##!o&"* "A =#o+5 /-#&$' #l 3u# %' 'l /o-#, #l !# 3u# ' #co,&# lo +ol+#-5 ' /''-"* (No$': I&'* 1: 1> S'l* K1:1, 2> 8-o+* 1: 1*<)

El 3u# !+!#-$# %# #&$# o%o, 'cuul' u %ol# $#&o-o* A%#5& %# lo 3u#, 'u3u# lo'' '/-o+#c'%o &'!'#$#, %#' %#j'- 'l 4, 'cuul' -!3u#9' /'-' l' #$#-!%'%: El$#&o-o %#l c'-5c$#-, 3u# #& l' /o&#&! 5& +'l!o&' %# l' $!#--' #l c!#lo*

EL .R&.# #'R&%# E' L#$ 'EG#CI#$

"Cooc# =#o+5 lo& %'& %# lo& /#-7#c$o&, l' #-#%'% %# #llo& &#-5 /'-' &!#/-#* No&#-5 '+#-o9'%o& # #l 'l $!#/o, # lo& %'& %# '-# &#-5 &'c!'%o&"Cooc#

=#o+5 lo& %'& %# lo& /#-7#c$o&, l' #-#%'% %# #llo& &#-5 /'-' &!#/-#* No &#-5'+#-o9'%o& # #l 'l $!#/o, # lo& %'& %# '-# &#-5 &'c!'%o&"* (No$': S'l* ;:1, 1*<)

"El 3u# '%' # !$#-!%'% 'c# ju&$!c!', 'l' +#-%'% # &u co-'9 * * *El 3u# ' ju-'%o # %'o &uo, o /o- #&o c'!'"* "El 3u# 'o--#c# l' ''c!' %# +!ol#c!'&, #l3u# &'cu%# &u& 'o& /'-' o -#c!!- co#co #l 3u# c!#--' &u& ojo& /'-' o +#- co&''l'> #&$# '!$'-5 # l'& 'l$u-'&* * * &# l# %'-5 &u /', &u& 'u'& &#-5 &#u-'&* Tu&ojo& +#-5 'l R# # &u #-o&u-'> +#-5 l' $!#--' 3u# #&$5 l#jo&"El 3u# '%' #

!$#-!%'% 'c# ju&$!c!', 'l' +#-%'% # &u co-'9 * * *El 3u# ' ju-'%o # %'o&uo, o /o- #&o c'!'"* "El 3u# 'o--#c# l' ''c!' %# +!ol#c!'&, #l 3u# &'cu%# &u&'o& /'-' o -#c!!- co#co #l 3u# c!#--' &u& ojo& /'-' o +#- co&' 'l'> #&$#'!$'-5 # l'& 'l$u-'&* * * &# l# %'-5 &u /', &u& 'u'& &#-5 &#u-'&* Tu& ojo& +#-5 'lR# # &u #-o&u-'> +#-5 l' $!#--' 3u# #&$5 l#jo&"*1K2 (No$': S'l* 1J: 2K> I&'* ;;: 1J1*< )

D!o& ' %#&c-!$o # &u 8'l'-' ' u o-# /-&/#-o, cu' +!%' 7u# u .6!$o # #l&#$!%o 5& +#-%'%#-o, o-# 'l cu'l #l c!#lo l' $!#--' &# co/l'c' # o-'-* =o!&o %!c# %# &u +!%':

"Coo 7u! # lo& %'& %# ! ju+#$u%"Coo 7u! # lo& %'& %# ! ju+#$u%"Cu'%o #l

7'+o- %# D!o& +#l'' &o-# ! $!#%'>"Cu'%o #l 7'+o- %# D!o& +#l'' &o-# !$!#%'>Cu'%o ' #&$'' co!o #l O!/o$#$#, Cu'%o ' #&$'' co!o #lO!/o$#$#, !& !jo& 'l-#%#%o- %# * * * !& !jo& 'l-#%#%o- %# * * *Cu'%o o&'l' ' l' /u#-$' ' ! ju!c!o,Cu'%o o &'l' ' l' /u#-$' ' ! ju!c!o, # l' /l'9' 'c'/-#/'-'- ! '&!#$o, # l' /l'9' 'c' /-#/'-'- ! '&!#$o,Lo& j+##& # +#', &##&co%'>Lo& j+##& # +#', &# #&co%'> lo& 'c!'o& &# l#+'$'', #&$''%# /!#* lo& 'c!'o& &# l#+'$'', #&$'' %# /!#*Lo& /-c!/#& %#$#' &u&/'l'-'&>Lo& /-c!/#& %#$#' &u& /'l'-'&>8o' l' 'o &o-# &u oc'*8o' l''o &o-# &u oc'*L' +o9 %# lo& /-!c!/'l#& &# '/'''* * *L' +o9 %# lo& /-!c!/'l#& &#'/'''* * *"Lo& o%o& 3u# # o' # ll''' "Lo& o%o& 3u# # o' # ll'''!#'+#$u-'%o,!#'+#$u-'%o, lo& ojo& 3u# # +#' # %'' $#&$!o!o, lo& ojo&

3u# # +#' # %'' $#&$!o!o,8o-3u# o l!-'' 'l /o-# 3u# cl''',8o-3u# ol!-'' 'l /o-# 3u# cl''', 'l u.-7'o 3u# c'-#c' %# 'u%'%o-* 'l u.-7'o 3u#c'-#c' %# 'u%'%o-*"L' #%!c! %#l 3u# &# !' ' /#-%#- +#' &o-# ,"L' #%!c!%#l 3u# &# !' ' /#-%#- +#' &o-# , 'l co-'9 %# l' +!u%' o %'' 'l#-'* 'lco-'9 %# l' +!u%' o %'' 'l#-'* M# +#&$', %# ju&$!c!', #ll' # cu-'> M# +#&$',%# ju&$!c!', #ll' # cu-'> Coo '$o %!'%#' #-' ! -#c$!$u%*Coo '$o %!'%#' #-' ! -#c$!$u%*o #-' ojo& 'l c!#o,o #-' ojo& 'l c!#o, /!#& 'l cojo* /!#& 'lcojo*A lo& ##&$#-o&o& #-' /'%-#,A lo& ##&$#-o&o& #-' /'%-#, %# l' c'u&' 3u# o#$#%', # !7o-'' %# l' c'u&' 3u# o #$#%', # !7o-'' co%!l!#c!'"*co %!l!#c!'"*"El 7o-'&$#-o o /'&'' 7u#-' l' oc#>"El 7o-'&$#-o o /'&''7u#-' l' oc#>M!& /u#-$'& '-' 'l c'!'$#"*M!& /u#-$'& '-' 'l c'!'$#"*"M# o',



#&/#-''* * *"M# o', #&/#-''* * *C'l!4c'' o #l c'!o %# #llo&, # &#$''C'l!4c'' o #l c'!o %# #llo&, # &#$'' #$-# #llo& coo #l j#7#>#$-# #llo& coo#l j#7#> o-'' coo -# # #l #j.-c!$o, o-'' coo -# # #l #j.-c!$o,Coo #l 3u#co&u#l' ' lo& 3u# llo-'"*Coo #l 3u# co&u#l' ' lo& 3u# llo-'"*=o* 2: K1> ;1: ;2>2: 211J <"L' #%!c! %# =#o+5 #& l' 3u# #-!3u#c#, o ''%# $-!&$#9' co #ll'"8-o+* 10: 22*<1K; (No$': =o* 2: K1> ;1: ;2> 2: 211J <"L' #%!c! %# =#o+5 #& l'3u# #-!3u#c#, o ''%# $-!&$#9' co #ll'"*)

M &# J2@"L'& -!3u#9'& l' o-' #&$5 co!o "L'& -!3u#9'& l' o-' #&$5 co!o%#cl'-' l' S'!%u-'> -!3u#9'& %u-'%#-'&, ju&$!c!'" -!3u#9'& %u-'%#-'&, ju&$!c!'" * L'B!l!' $'!. o& u#&$-' #l -#&ul$'%o %# '/'-$'-o& %# lo& /-!c!/!o& -#c$o& # u#&$-o$-'$o co D!o& co u#&$-o& &##j'$#&* El S#o- %!c# lo &!u!#$# ' lo& 3u# 'co4'%o &u& %o#&, /#-o 3u# &o !%!7#-#$#& ' &u& -#3u#-!!#$o&: (No$': 8-o+* : 1*<)

&LG)'&$ C&)$&$ %E FR&C&$#

"M#%!$'% !# &o-# +u#&$-o& c'!o&* S#-5!& uco, -#co.!& /oco> co.!&, oo& &'c!5!&> #.!&, o 3u#%5!& &'$!&7#co&> o& +#&$&, o o& c'l#$5!&> #l 3u# $-''j'' jo-'l -#c!# &u jo-'l # &'co -o$o* * * Bu&c5!& uco, 'll5!& /oco> #c#--5!& #c'&', o lo %!&!/'-. # u &o/lo"* "A$#& 3u# &uc#%!#&# #&$'& co&'&, +#' 'l o$

%# +#!$# #7'&, '' %!#9> +#' 'l l''- /'-' &'c'- c!cu#$' c5$'-o&, ''+#!$#"* "GRo'-5 #l o-# ' D!o&H 8u#& +o&o$-o& # '.!& -o'%o* %!j!&$#!&: GE 3u.$# #o& -o'%oH E +u#&$-o& %!#9o& o7-#%'&"* "8o- #&o &# %#$u+o %# lo& c!#lo&&o-# +o&o$-o& l' llu+!', l' $!#--' %#$u+o &u& 7-u$o&"*"M#%!$'% !# &o-# +u#&$-o&c'!o&* S#-5!& uco, -#co.!& /oco> co.!&, o o& &'c!5!&> #.!&, o 3u#%5!&&'$!&7#co&> o& +#&$&, o o& c'l#$5!&> #l 3u# $-''j' ' jo-'l -#c!# &u jo-'l # &'co-o$o* * * Bu&c5!& uco, 'll5!& /oco> #c#--5!& # c'&', o lo %!&!/'-. # u &o/lo"*"A$#& 3u# &uc#%!#&# #&$'& co&'&, +#' 'l o$ %# +#!$# #7'&, '' %!#9>+#' 'l l''- /'-' &'c'- c!cu#$' c5$'-o&, '' +#!$#"* "GRo'-5 #l o-# 'D!o&H 8u#& +o&o$-o& # '.!& -o'%o* %!j!&$#!&: GE 3u. $# #o& -o'%oH E +u#&$-o&%!#9o& o7-#%'&"* "8o- #&o &# %#$u+o %# lo& c!#lo& &o-# +o&o$-o& l' llu+!', l' $!#--'%#$u+o &u& 7-u$o&"*'* 1: J> 2: 1> M'l* ;: > '* 1: 10* (No$': '* 1: J> 2: 1> M'l*

;: > '* 1: 10*<)

"8o- $'$o, /u#&$o 3u# +#j5!& 'l /o-#* * * #%!4c'&$#!& c'&'& %# /!#%-' l'-'%', '& o l'&'!$'-.!&> /l'$'&$#!&, #-o&'& +!'&, 5& o ##-.!& #l +!o %# #ll'&"* " =#o+5#+!'-5 co$-' $! l' 'l%!c!, 3u#-'$o '&o-o # $o%o cu'$o /u&!#-#& 'o #!c!#-#&"* "Tu& !jo& $u& !j'& &#-5 #$-#'%o& ' o$-o /u#lo, $u& ojo& lo +#-5, %#&7'll#c#-5 /o- #llo& $o%o #l %'> o '-5 7u#-9' # $u 'o"8o- $'$o, /u#&$o 3u#+#j5!& 'l /o-#* * * #%!4c'&$#!& c'&'& %# /!#%-' l'-'%', '& o l'& '!$'-.!&>/l'$'&$#!&, #-o&'& +!'&, 5& o ##-.!& #l +!o %# #ll'&"* " =#o+5 #+!'-5 co$-'$! l' 'l%!c!, 3u#-'$o '&o-o # $o%o cu'$o /u&!#-#& 'o # !c!#-#&"* "Tu& !jo& $u& !j'& &#-5 #$-#'%o& ' o$-o /u#lo, $u& ojo& lo +#-5, %#&7'll#c#-5 /o- #llo&

$o%o #l %'> o '-5 7u#-9' # $u 'o"*"El 3u# !ju&$'#$# 'o$o' -!3u#9'& # l'!$'% %# &u& %'& l'& %#j'-5, # &u /o&$-!#-' &#-5 !&#&'$o"El 3u# !ju&$'#$#'o$o' -!3u#9'& # l' !$'% %# &u& %'& l'& %#j'-5, # &u /o&$-!#-' &#-5!&#&'$o"*1KK (No$': A& J: 11> D#u$* 2: 20,;2 < =#-* 1: 11*<)

L'& cu#$'& %# c'%' #oc!o, lo& %#$'ll#& %# c'%' $-'&'cc!, &o &o#$!%o& 'l#&c-u$!!o %# !&/#c$o-#& !+!&!l#&, '#$#& %# A3u#l 3u# uc' $-'&!# ,co l'!ju&$!c!', uc' $ol#-' #l 'l, uc' %!&cul/' #l '-'+!o*

"S! o/-#&! %# /o-#& /#-+#-&! %# %#-#co %# ju&$!c!' +!#-#&* * * o $# '-'+!ll#&%# #llo> /o-3u# &o-# #l 'l$o +!!l' o$-o 5& 'l$o, uo 5& 'l$o #&$5 &o-# #llo&"* "No



' $!!#l'& ! &o-' %# u#-$# %o%# &# #&co%' lo& 3u# 'c# 'l%'%"S! o/-#&!%# /o-#& /#-+#-&! %# %#-#co %# ju&$!c!' +!#-#&* * * o $# '-'+!ll#& %# #llo> /o-3u#&o-# #l 'l$o +!!l' o$-o 5& 'l$o, uo 5& 'l$o #&$5 &o-# #llo&"* "No ' $!!#l'& !&o-' %# u#-$# %o%# &# #&co%' lo& 3u# 'c# 'l%'%"* (No$': Ecl* J: > =o ;K:22*<)

67&* C#'#CIMIE'.# E' EL &L.-$IM#86

"8o# &u oc' co$-' #l c!#lo* * * %!c#: GCo &'# D!o&H G ' cooc!!#$o # #lAl$&!oH" "E&$'& co&'& !c!&$# "8o# &u oc' co$-' #l c!#lo* * * %!c#: GCo &'#D!o&H G ' cooc!!#$o # #l Al$&!oH" "E&$'& co&'& !c!&$# %!c# D!o&, o #c'll'%o> /#&''& 3u# %# c!#-$o &#-' o coo $> /#-o $# -#/-#%#-., l'& /o%-.%#l'$# %# $u& ojo&", o # c'll'%o> /#&''& 3u# %# c!#-$o &#-' o coo $> /#-o $#-#/-#%#-., l'& /o%-. %#l'$# %# $u& ojo&"* (No$': S'l* ;: 11> J0: 21*<)

"D# u#+o 'lc. !& ojo& !-., # '3u u -ollo 3u# +ol''* * * E&$' #& l' 'l%!c! 3u#&'l# &o-# l' 7'9 %# $o%' l' $!#--'> /o-3u# $o%o '3u.l 3u# u-$' (coo #&$5 %# u l'%o %#l-ollo) &#-5 %#&$-u!%o> $o%o '3u#l 3u# ju-' 7'l&'#$# (coo #&$5 %#l o$-o l'%o %#l -ollo)&#-5 %#&$-u!%o* o l' # #co &'l!-, %!c# =#o+5 %# lo& #j.-c!$o&, +#%-5 ' l' c'&' %#ll'%-, ' l' c'&' %#l 3u# ju-' 7'l&'#$# # ! o-#> /#-'#c#-5 # #%!o %#

&u c'&' l' co&u!-5 co &u& '%#-'& &u& /!#%-'&"D# u#+o 'lc. !& ojo& !-., # '3u u -ollo 3u# +ol''* * * E&$' #& l' 'l%!c! 3u# &'l# &o-# l' 7'9 %# $o%' l' $!#--'>/o-3u# $o%o '3u.l 3u# u-$' (coo #&$5 %# u l'%o %#l -ollo) &#-5 %#&$-u!%o> $o%o'3u#l 3u# ju-' 7'l&'#$# (coo #&$5 %#l o$-o l'%o %#l -ollo) &#-5 %#&$-u!%o* o l' ##co &'l!-, %!c# =#o+5 %# lo& #j.-c!$o&, +#%-5 ' l' c'&' %#l l'%-, ' l' c'&' %#l 3u#

ju-' 7'l&'#$# # ! o-#> /#-'#c#-5 # #%!o %# &u c'&' l' co&u!-5 co&u& '%#-'& &u& /!#%-'&"* (No$': 'c* J: 1K*<)

= 10&#

J;@ L' l# %# D!o& co%#' ' $o%o '3u#l 3u# o-' 'l%'%* E&$' /u#%# %#&'$#%#- &u+o9, $-'$'- %# 'c'll'- &u '%+#-$#c!', /#-o #& # +'o* A $o%'& /'-$#& lo &!u#* S# 'c#o-* 8#-$u-' &u /'9* S! o 1KJ l# /-#&$' '$#c!, lo /#-&!u# '&$' #l &#/ulc-o* D'$#&$!o!o co$-' .l # #l ju!c!o* Coo 7u#o !#6$!u!l#, co&u# 'l 4 #l 'l' #l

cu#-/o* "8o-3u# G3u. '/-o+#c'-5 'l o-# &! ''-# $o%o #l u%o, /#-%!#-# &u'l'H" "8o-3u# G3u. '/-o+#c'-5 'l o-# &! ''-# $o%o #l u%o, /#-%!#-# &u'l'H"M'-* : ;, ;* (No$': M'-* : ;, ;* <)

E&$# '&u$o -#3u!#-# l' co&!%#-'c! %# $o%o /'%-#, '#&$-o 'luo, %# $o%o &#-u'o, jo+# o +!#jo* No /u#%# &#- /#-7#c$o o co/l#$o ! /-o#c$o %# #oc!o& o/l' %# +!%' 3u# ''-3u# !c'#$# lo& -#+#& 'o& %# l' +!%' 'c$u'l o ''/-o+!&! /'-' #l 7u$u-o #$#-o* E&.#&# ' lo& j+##& ' co&!%#-'- l' #$#-!%'% 'l 'c#-&u& c5lculo&* E&.#&#l#& ' #&co#- lo& /-!c!/!o& u&c'- l'& co&'& %u-'l#&, ''cuul'- /'-' & '3u#l "$#&o-o # lo& c!#lo& 3u# o &# 'o$#, %o%# l'%- o ll#', !/ol!ll' %#&$-u#"$#&o-o # lo& c!#lo& 3u# o &# 'o$#, %o%# l'%- o ll#', ! /ol!ll'

%#&$-u#"Luc* 12: ;;*, ' co3u!&$'- '!o& "/o- #%!o %# l'& -!3u#9'& !ju&$'&"/o-#%!o %# l'& -!3u#9'& !ju&$'&", /'-' 3u# cu'%o .&$'& 7'l$#, '3u.llo& o& "-#c!' #l'& o-'%'& #$#-'&"-#c!' # l'& o-'%'& #$#-'&"* (No$': Luc* 12: ;;*<Luc* 1: *<)

To%o& lo& 3u# 'c# #&$o, &# #&$5 /-#/'-'%o %# l' #jo- '#-' /o&!l# /'-' l' +!%'# #&$# u%o* N'%!# /u#%# 'cuul'- $#&o-o # #l c!#lo, &! %#&cu-!- 3u# %# #&''#-' &# #-!3u#c# #ol#c# &u +!%' # l' $!#--'*

"L' /!#%'% /'-' $o%o '/-o+#c', /u#& $!## /-o#&' %# #&$' +!%' /-#&#$#, %# l'+#!%#-'"L' /!#%'% /'-' $o%o '/-o+#c', /u#& $!## /-o#&' %# #&$' +!%' /-#&#$#, %# l' +#!%#-'"* (No$': 1 T!* K: *<)



Biografías Bí!licas

"8o- 7# co3u!&$'-o -#!o&, !c!#-o ju&$!c!'***** &'c'-o 7u#-9'& %# %#!l!%'%"*

COMO #%!o %# #%uc'c!, !u' /o-c!, %# l' B!l!' #& %# 'o- +'lo- 3u# &u&!o-'7'&* E&$'& %!4#-# %# $o%'& l'& %#5& /o-3u# &o '&olu$'#$# 4#l#& ' l'-#'l!%'%* E& !/o&!l# 3u# u' #$# 4!$' !$#-/-#$# #6'c$'#$#, # $o%'& l'& co&'&,lo 3u# 'c# o$-'* Sol'#$# A3u#l 3u# l## #l co-'9, 3u# /#-c!# l' 7u#$# &#c-#$' %#lo& o$!+o& l'& 'cc!o#&, /u#%# %#&c-!!- co '&olu$' 4%#l!%'% #l c'-5c$#-, o /-#&#$'-u 4#l -#&u# %# u' +!%' u''* Slo # l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& &# #cu#$-' $'l co&'*

No ' +#-%'% $' cl'-'#$# #&#'%' /o- l' B!l!' coo l' %# 3u# lo 3u# 'c#o&, #&-#&ul$'%o %# lo 3u# &oo&* E -' /'-$#, lo& !c!%#$#& %# l' +!%' &o #l 7-u$o %#u#&$-o& /-o/!o& /#&'!#$o& 'cc!o#&* "L' 'l%!c! uc' +#%-5 &! c'u&'"L''l%!c! uc' +#%-5 &! c'u&'"* (No$': 8-o+* 2: 2*<)

"D#c!% 'l ju&$o 3u# l# !-5 !#* * * A %#l !/oP M'l l# !-5, /o-3u# &# l'& o-'& %# &u&'o& l# &#-5 /''%o"D#c!% 'l ju&$o 3u# l# !-5 !#* * * A %#l !/oP M'l l# !-5, /o-3u#&# l'& o-'& %# &u& 'o& l# &#-5 /''%o"* (No$': I&'* ;: 10, 11*<)

"O#, $!#--': # '3u o $-'!o 'l &o-# #&$# /u#lo, #l 7-u$o %# &u& /#&'!#$o&>/o-3u# o #&cuc'-o !& /'l'-'&, 'o--#c!#-o ! l#"O#, $!#--': # '3u o $-'!o'l &o-# #&$# /u#lo, #l 7-u$o %# &u& /#&'!#$o&> /o-3u# o #&cuc'-o !&/'l'-'&, 'o--#c!#-o ! l#"* (No$': =#-* : 1*<)

E& $#--!l# #&$' +#-%'% %##-' &#- /-o7u%'#$# !culc'%'* To%' 'cc! -#c'# &o-##l 3u# l' #j#cu$'* Nuc' u &#- u'o /u#%# %#j'- %# -#cooc#-, # lo& 'l#& 3u#'3u#j' &u +!%', #l 7-u$o %# &u /-o/!' &!#-'* S! #'-o, o #&$'o& &! #&/#-'9'*

='co -#cu--! 'l 7-'u%# /'-' o$##- #l %#-#co %# l' /-!o#!$u-' 3u# ' l#co--#&/o%' &# l' /-o#&' %# D!o&, l' co&#c' 3u# -#co! 7u# #l o%!o %# &u

#-'o* Du-'$# lo& +#!$# 'o& %# &u %#&$!#--o 7u# %#7-'u%'%o &u7-! !ju&$!c!'&, 'l4 &# +!o ol!'%o ' u&c'- &#u-!%'% # l' 7u', -#co! l' &#u%' co&#c' cu'%o+!o -#/-o%uc!%o& # &u& !jo& lo& 'lo& -'&o& %# &u /-o/!o c'-5c$#-, cu'%-o 4#l %# l'&-#$-!uc!o#& %# l' +!%' u''*

V 11&#

JK@ %E $)PL&'.&%#R & PR-'CIPE %E %I#$

8#-o D!o& %!c#: "8o-3u# o co$#%#-. /'-' &!#/-#, ! /'-' &!#/-# # #oj'-.> /u#&%#c'#-' '$# #l #&/-!$u, l'& 'l'& 3u# o # c-#'%o* 8o- l' !!3u!%'% %# &u co%!c!'# #oj., l# #-, #&co% ! -o&$-o # !%!.> .l &!u! -##l%# /o- #l c'!o %#

&u co-'9* # +!&$o &u& c'!o&> /#-o l# &''-., l# /'&$o-#'-., l# %'-. co&u#lo ' .l ' &u& #lu$'%o&* * * 8'9, /'9 'l 3u# #&$5 l#jo& 'l c#-c'o, %!jo =#o+5> lo &''-. ""8o-3u# o co$#%#-. /'-' &!#/-#, ! /'-' &!#/-# # #oj'-.> /u#& %#c'#-' '$# #l #&/-!$u, l'& 'l'& 3u# o # c-#'%o* 8o- l' !!3u!%'% %# &u co%!c!' # #oj., l##-, #&co% ! -o&$-o # !%!.> .l &!u! -##l%# /o- #l c'!o %# &u co-'9* #+!&$o &u& c'!o&> /#-o l# &''-., l# /'&$o-#'-., l# %'-. co&u#lo ' .l ' &u&#lu$'%o&* * * 8'9, /'9 'l 3u# #&$5 l#jo& 'l c#-c'o, %!jo =#o+5> lo &''-. " * (No$':I&'* J: 11*<)

='co, # #%!o %# &u& %!4cul$'%#&, o 7u# '-u'%o* S# '' '--#/#$!%o, ''$-'$'%o %# #6/!'- #l 'l 3u# l# '' #co ' &u #-'o* cu'%o &# +!o '#'9'%o



%# u#-$# ' c'u&' %# l' !-' %# E&', u&c 'u%' # D!o&* "V#c! 'l 5#l, /-#+'l#c!>llo-, l# -o"* " lo #%!jo 'll" "V#c! 'l 5#l, /-#+'l#c!> llo-, l# -o"* " lo#%!jo 'll"* -'c!'& 'l /o%#- %# D!o&, #l /#-%o'%o %#j %# &#- &u/l'$'%o- /'-'co+#-$!-&# # /-c!/# co D!o&* No &lo 7u# l!-'%o %# l' !-' %# &u #-'o, &!o %# &!&o* u#-'$ #l /o%#- %#l 'l # &u /-o/!' '$u-'l#9'> &u c'-5c$#- 7u#$-'&7o-'%o* (No$': O&#* 12: K> .* ;2: 2*<)

E l'& /o&$-!#-'& %# &u +!%', ='co lo co/-#%! $o%o* Al -#/'&'- &u !&$o-!',

-#cooc! #l /o%#- &u&$#$'%o- %# D!o&, "#l D!o& 3u# # '$!## %#&%# 3u# o &o'&$' #&$# %', #l 5#l 3u# # l!#-$' %# $o%o 'l"#l D!o& 3u# # '$!## %#&%# 3u#o &o '&$' #&$# %', #l 5#l 3u# # l!#-$' %# $o%o 'l"*1K (No$': .* K: 1J, 1*<)

El !&o c'&o &# -#/!$# # l' !&$o-!' %# lo& !jo& %# ='co, #& %#c!-, l' -#$-!uc! %#l/#c'%o /o- u' /'-$#, #l '--#/#$!!#$o 3u# %' 7-u$o %# ju&$!c!' /'-' +!%', /o- l' o$-'*

D!o& o 'ul' &u& l##&* No o-' co$-'-!'#$# ' #ll'&* No %#&'c# l' o-' %#l /#c'%o:l' $-'&7o-'* 8o- #%!o %# &u -'c!', l' 'l%!c! &# co+!#-$# # #%!c!*

D# lo& !jo& %# ='co, L#+ 7u# uo %# lo& 5& c-u#l#& +#'$!+o&, uo %# lo& %o& 5&

cul/'l#& %#l '&#&!'$o $-'!c!o#-o %# lo& '!$'$#& %# S!3u#* L'& c'-'c$#-&$!c'& %#L#+, -#?#j'%'& # &u& %#&c#%!#$#&, '$-'j#-o &o-# .&$o& #l %#c-#$o %# D!o&: "L'&'/'-$'-. # ='co, lo& #&/'-c!-. # I&-'#l"L'& '/'-$'-. # ='co, lo& #&/'-c!-. #I&-'#l"* 8#-o #l '--#/#$!!#$o %!o /o- -#&ul$'%o l' -#7o-', #%!'$# &u 4%#l!%'% 'D!o&, # #%!o %# l' '/o&$'&' %# l'& o$-'& $-!u&, l' 'l%!c! &# $-'&7o- # u'&#'l %#l 5& 'l$o oo-* (No$': .* K: *<)

"E '3u#l $!#/o '/'-$ =#o+5 l' $-!u %# L#+ /'-' 3u# ll#+'&# #l '-c' %#l /'c$o %# =#o+5, /'-' 3u# #&$u+!#&# %#l'$# %# =#o+5 /'-' &#-+!-l#, /'-' #%#c!- # &uo-#, '&$' o"* "M! /'c$o co .l 7u# %# +!%' %# /'9, l'& cu'l#& co&'& o l# %! /'-'3u# # $#!#-'> $u+o $#o- %# , %#l'$# %# ! o-# #&$u+o u!ll'%o* * * #/'9 # ju&$!c!' '%u+o co!o, ' uco& !9o '/'-$'- %# l' !!3u!%'%"E '3u#l

$!#/o '/'-$ =#o+5 l' $-!u %# L#+ /'-' 3u# ll#+'&# #l '-c' %#l /'c$o %# =#o+5, /'-'3u# #&$u+!#&# %#l'$# %# =#o+5 /'-' &#-+!-l#, /'-' #%#c!- # &u o-#, '&$'o"* "M! /'c$o co .l 7u# %# +!%' %# /'9, l'& cu'l#& co&'& o l# %! /'-' 3u# #$#!#-'> $u+o $#o- %# , %#l'$# %# ! o-# #&$u+o u!ll'%o* * * # /'9 #

ju&$!c!' '%u+o co!o, ' uco& !9o '/'-$'- %# l' !!3u!%'%"* (No$': D#u$* 10: >M'l* 2: J, *<)

Lo& l#+!$'&, coo !!&$-o& %#l &'$u'-!o, o -#c!!#-o $!#--'& /o- #-#c!'> o-'' ju$o& # c!u%'%#& '/'-$'%'& /'-' &u u&o, &u &o&$. lo co&$!$u' l'& o7-#%'& lo&%!#9o& %#%!c'%o& 'l &#-+!c!o %# D!o&, E-' lo& '#&$-o& %#l /u#lo, u.&/#%#& %# $o%'&&! 4#&$'&, o-'%o& /o- $o%'& /'-$#& coo &!#-+o& -#/-#&#$'$#& %# D!o&* To%' l'

'c! -#c!! #l '%'$o: "T# cu!%'%o %# o %#&'/'-'- 'l "T# cu!%'%o %# o%#&'/'-'- 'l 1K l#+!$' # $o%o& $u& %'& &o-# l' $!#--'"* "8o- lo cu'l L#+ o $u+o /'-$#! #-#%'% co &u& #-'o&> =#o+5 #& &u #-#%'%, coo =#o+5 $u D!o& l# %!jo" l#+!$'# $o%o& $u& %'& &o-# l' $!#--'"* "8o- lo cu'l L#+ o $u+o /'-$# ! #-#%'% co &u&#-'o&> =#o+5 #& &u #-#%'%, coo =#o+5 $u D!o& l# %!jo"* (No$': D#u$* 12: 1> 10:*<)

L& VIC.#RI& P#R L& FE

El c'&o %# I&-'#l !lu&$-' l' +#-%'% %# 3u# #l o-# "cu'l #& &u /#&'!#$o # &uco-'9, $'l #& .l"cu'l #& &u /#&'!#$o # &u co-'9, $'l #& .l"* Cu'%o &#



#co$-'' # l' 7-o$#-' %# l' $!#--' %# C''5, lo& #&/'&, %#&/u.& %# -#co--#-l',/-#&#$'-o &u !7o-#* 8#-%!#-o %# +!&$' l' #ll#9' l' 7#-$!l!%'% %# l' $!#--', /o- $#o-' l'& %!4cul$'%#& 3u# /-#&#$'-' l' !+'&!* L'& c!u%'%#& -o%#'%'& %# 'l$'& u-'ll'&,lo& u#--#-o& !'$#&co&, lo& 7.--#o& c'--o& %# u#--', %#!l!$'-o &u 7#* Al #6clu!- 'D!o&, l' ul$!$u% &# !9o #co %# l' %#c!&! %# lo& #&/'& !c-.%ulo&: "No /o%-#o& &u!-co$-' '3u#l /u#lo, /o-3u# #& 5& 7u#-$# 3u# o&o$-o&"No /o%-#o& &u!- co$-' '3u#l/u#lo, /o-3u# #& 5& 7u#-$# 3u# o&o$-o&"*Su& /'l'-'& -#&ul$'-o c!#-$'&* No /u%!#-o&u!- co&u!#-o &u& +!%'& # #l %#&!#-$o* (No$': 8-o+* 2;: * <N* 1;: ;1*< )

S 12&#

JJ@ S! #'-o, #$-# lo& %oc# 3u# +!#-o l' $!#--', uo %o& 3u# -'9o'-o %# o$-oo%o* "M5& /o%-#o& o&o$-o& 3u# #llo&"M5& /o%-#o& o&o$-o& 3u# #llo&", %#c',co&!%#-'%o 3u# l' /-o#&' %# D!o& #-' &u/#-!o- ' lo& !'$#&, l'& c!u%'%#&'u-'ll'%'& o lo& c'--o& %# !#--o* 8'-' #llo&, &u /'l'-' #-' c!#-$'* Au3u#co/'-$!#-o co &u& #-'o& lo& cu'-#$' 'o& %# /#-#-!'c!, C'l# =o&u.#$-'-o # l' $!#--' /-o#$!%'*, El /-!#-o, $' +'l!#$# coo cu'%o &'l! %# E!/$oco l'& u#&$#& %#l S#o-, /!%! -#c!! coo /o-c! &u' l' 7o-$'l#9' %# lo& !'$#&*-'c!'& 'l /o%#- %# D!o&, #6/ul& ' lo& c''#o&* Fu# %u#o %# lo& +!#%o& o&3u#c!llo& %# ol!+o& 3u# &u& /!#& '' /!&'%o* Au3u# lo& co'-%#& -##l%#&/#-#c!#-o # #l %#&!#-$o, lo& o-#& %# 7# co!#-o l'& u+'& %# E&col*1J0 (No$': N*1;: ;0*<)

No ' +#-%'% 3u# l' B!l!' /-#&#$# $' cl'-'#$# coo l' %#l /#l!-o %# '/'-$'-&#,'u3u# &#' u' +#9, %# l' ju&$!c!', /#l!-o 3u# '7#c$' $'$o 'l cul/'l# %# l' 'l' 'cc!coo ' $o%o& lo& 3u# #&$5 'l 'lc'c# %# &u !?u#c!'* El #j#/lo $!## u /o%#-#6$-'o-%!'-!o cu'%o &# /o# %#l l'%o %# l'& 'l'& $#%#c!'& %# u#&$-' '$u-'l#9',&u /o%#- ll#' ' &#- c'&! !--#&!&$!l#*

E"EMPL#$ &LECCI#'&%#RE$

L' 7o-$'l#9' 5& /o%#-o&' %#l +!c!o # u#&$-o u%o o #& l' +!%' !!cu' %#l /#c'%o-''%o'%o, o %#l /'-!' %#-'%'%o> #& l' +!%' 3u# /'-#c# +!-$uo&', oo-'l#, ol#,/#-o # l' cu'l &# 7o#$' u /#c'%o, &# '-!' u +!c!o* 8'-' #l 'l' 3u# luc' #

&#c-#$o co$-' 'lu' $#$'c! !'$#&c' $!#l' 'l o-%# %#l /-#c!/!c!o, &##j'$##j#/lo #& uo %# lo& 5& /o%#-o&o& !c#$!+o& /'-' /#c'-* El 3u#, %o$'%o %# #l#+'%o&coc#/$o& %# l' +!%', l' +#-%'% #l oo-, +!ol' !$#c!o'l#$# u /-#c#/$o %# l'&'$' l# %# D!o&, /#-+!#-$# &u& ol#& %o#& '&$' co+#-$!-lo& # u' $#$'c! /'-'/#c'-* El #!o, #l $'l#$o, l' &!/'$', '&$' l'& 'cc!o#& ##-o&'& o%'%o&'&,/u#%# ll#'- ' &#- '& l'9o& %# S'$'5& /'-' '$-'#- ' l'& 'l'& 'l /-#c!/!c!o %# l' -u!'*

8o- #&o D!o& ' %'%o $'$o& #j#/lo& 3u# u#&$-' lo& -#&ul$'%o& 3u# /u#%# $##- u&olo 'c$o 'lo* D#&%# l' $-!&$# !&$o-!' %# '3u#l /#c'%o "3u# $-'jo l' u#-$# 'l u%o, $o%' u#&$-' %#&-'c!', co l' /.-%!%' %#l E%.", '&$' l' %# '3u#l 3u# /o- $-#!$'/!#9'& %# /l'$' +#%! 'l S#o- %# lo-!', l' !o-'7' l!c' 'u%' # #j#/lo& %'%o&

coo '%+#-$#c!'& /u#&$'& # l'& &#%'& 3u# &# '/'-$' %#l c'!o %# l' +!%'*

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lo& %#&+'-o& l' #c#%'%, /o-3u# G3u. /o%-5 'c#- #l o-# 3u# +#' %#&/u.& %#l-#H N'%', &!o lo 3u# ' ' &!%o #co"E-'%#c !& o-'&, #%!43u. /'-' c'&'&,/l'$. /'-' +!'&> # !c# u#-$o& j'-%!#&, /l'$. # #llo& 5-ol#& %# $o%o 7-u$o* * *Co/-. &!#-+o& &!#-+'&* * * M# 'o$o. $'!. /l'$' o-o, $#&o-o& /-#c!'%o& %#-##& %# /-o+!c!'&> # !c# %# c'$o-#& c'$o-'&, %# lo& %#l#!$#& %# lo& !jo& %# lo&o-#&* * * 7u! #-'%#c!%o 'u#$'%o 5& 3u# $o%o& lo& 3u# 7u#-o '$#& %# # =#-u&'l.* * * No #u. ' !& ojo& !u' co&' 3u# %#&#'-', ! '/'-$. ! co-'9%# /l'c#- 'luo, /o-3u# co-'9 o9 %# $o%o ! $-''jo* * * M!-. o lu#o $o%'& l'&o-'& 3u# '' #co !& 'o&, #l $-''jo 3u# $o. /'-' 'c#-l'&> # '3u, $o%o#-' +'!%'% '?!cc! %# #&/-!$u, &! /-o+#co %#'jo %#l &ol* D#&/u.& +ol+ o '!-'- /'-' +#- l' &'!%u-' lo& %#&+'-o& l' #c#%'%, /o-3u# G3u. /o%-5 'c#- #lo-# 3u# +#' %#&/u.& %#l -#H N'%', &!o lo 3u# ' ' &!%o #co"* (No$': Ecl* 2:

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El S#o- l# %!jo ' S'$'5&: "# '3u $o%o #&$5 # $u 'o" "# '3u $o%o #&$5 # $u'o"* "# '3u #l #&$5 # $u 'o, '& u'-%' &u +!%'"* (No$': =o 1: 12<=o 2: <)

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M 1&#

J@ Cu'%o =u' #l B'u$!&$' '/'-#c! coo, #-'l%o %#l M#&'&, coo+! ' l' 'c!*-'%#& ul$!$u%#& co&$!$u!%'& /o- $o%' cl'&# %# /#-&o'& &#u' &u& /'&o& %# ulu'- ' o$-o* 8#-o $o%o c'! cu'%o ll# A3u#l 'c#-c' %# 3u!# '' %'%o$#&$!o!o* L'& ul$!$u%#& &!u!#-o ' =#&&, l' o-' %# =u' /'-#c! ll#'- ' &u 4* S!#'-o, &u 7# o +'c!l* "E& #c#&'-!o 3u# .l c-#9c' "E& #c#&'-!o 3u# .l c-#9c' %!jo,/#-o 3u# o ##", /#-o 3u# o ##"* (No$': =u' ;: ;0*<)

T-'&cu--! #l $!#/o o &# #&$'l#c! #l -#!o 3u# =u' '' #&/#-'%o co4'%'#$#*E l' c#l%' %o%# lo '--oj #-o%#&, /-!+'%o %#l '!-# +!+!4c'%o- %# l' l!#-$'% %#l%#&!#-$o, #&/#- +#l* No uo %#&/l!#u# %# '-'& ! &# !c!#-o /#%'9o& l'& /u#-$'&%# l' /-!&!, /#-o l' cu-'c! %# lo& #7#-o&, l' /-#%!c'c! %#l E+'#l!o, l' #l#+'c!%# l'& 'l'& %# lo& o-#&, %!#-o $#&$!o!o %# l' !&! %# C-!&$o*

Solo # l' c#l%', 'l +#- ' 3u. 4 &##j'$# 'l %# &u M'#&$-o lo co%uc' &u &#%', =u''c#/$ &u %#&$!o: L' cou! co C-!&$o # lo& /'%#c!!#$o&* Lo& #&'j#-o&c#l#&$!'l#& lo 'co/''-o '&$' #l &#/ulc-o* Lo& &#-#& %#l u!+#-&o, c'%o& o c'%o&,7u#-o $#&$!o& %# l' -#!+!%!c'c! %# &u &#-+!c!o '#'%o*

# $o%'& l'& ##-'c!o#& 3u# ' &u-!%o %#&%# #$oc#&, l'& 'l'& %ol!#$#& '&!%o &o&$#!%'& /o- #l $#&$!o!o %# l' +!%' %# =u'* E l' c5-c#l, # #l c'%'l&o, # l'ou#-', lo& o-#& uj#-#& ' &!%o 7o-$'l#c!%o& ' $-'+.& %# lo& &!lo& %# $!!#l'&,/o- #l -#cu#-%o %# '3u#l %# 3u!# C-!&$o %#cl'-: "E$-# lo& 3u# 'c# %# uj#-, o &#' l#+'$'%o o$-o 'o-"E$-# lo& 3u# 'c# %# uj#-, o &# ' l#+'$'%o o$-o'o-"*"G 3u. 5& %!oH 8o-3u# #l $!#/o # 7'l$'-' co$'%o %# #%#, %# B'-'c,%# S'&, %# =#7$.* * * '& coo %# S'u#l %# lo& /-o7#$'&> 3u# /o- 7# co3u!&$'-o-#!o&, !c!#-o ju&$!c!', 'lc'9'-o /-o#&'&, $'/'-o oc'& %# l#o#&, '/''-o 7u#o&!/#$uo&o&, #+!$'-o 4lo %# #&/'%', &'c'-o 7u#-9' %# %#!l!%'%, &# !c!#-o 7u#-$#& #'$'ll'&, /u&!#-o # 7u' #j.-c!$o& #6$-'j#-o&*"G 3u. 5& %!oH 8o-3u# #l $!#/o #7'l$'-' co$'%o %# #%#, %# B'-'c, %# S'&, %# =#7$.* * * '& coo %# S'u#l %#

lo& /-o7#$'&> 3u# /o- 7# co3u!&$'-o -#!o&, !c!#-o ju&$!c!', 'lc'9'-o /-o#&'&,$'/'-o oc'& %# l#o#&, '/''-o 7u#o& !/#$uo&o&, #+!$'-o 4lo %# #&/'%', &'c'-o7u#-9' %# %#!l!%'%, &# !c!#-o 7u#-$#& # '$'ll'&, /u&!#-o # 7u' #j.-c!$o&#6$-'j#-o&* (No$': M'$* 11: 11<)

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#* 11: ;2K0*< ) Los Misterios de la Bi!lia

"GD#&cu-!-5& $ lo& &#c-#$o& %# D!o&H"

NINUNA #$# 4!$' /u#%# co/-#%#- /l#'#$# #l c'-5c$#- o l'& o-'& %#l S#-!4!$o* No /o%#o& %#&cu-!- ' D!o& /o- #%!o %# l' !+#&$!'c!* 8'-' l'& #$#&5& 7u#-$#& #jo- cul$!+'%'&, lo !&o 3u# /'-' l'& 5& %.!l#& # !o-'$#&, #l S#-&'$o %## /#-'#c#- -o%#'%o %# !&$#-!o* 8#-o 'u3u# "u#& o&cu-!%'% 'l-#%#%o-%# .l> ju&$!c!' ju!c!o &o #l c!!#$o %# &u $-oo" "u#& o&cu-!%'% 'l-#%#%o- %# .l>

ju&$!c!' ju!c!o &o #l c!!#$o %# &u $-oo" * 8o%#o& co/-#%#- lo &u4c!#$# %# &u

$-'$o co o&o$-o& /'-' %#&cu-!- u' !&#-!co-%!' !l!!$'%' u!%' ' u /o%#- !4!$o*8o%#o& co/-#%#-, %# &u& /-o/&!$o&, lo 3u# &#'o& c'/'c#& %# '&!!l'-> 5& 'll5 %##&$o, %##o& co4'- # l' 'o o!/o$#$#, # #l co-'9 ll#o %# 'o-* (No$': S'l*: 2*<)

L' 8'l'-' %# D!o&, coo #l c'-5c$#- %# &u Au$o-, /-#&#$' !&$#-!o& 3u# uc' /o%-5&#- #$#-'#$# co/-#%!%o& /o- lo& &#-#& 4!$o&* 8#-o D!o& ' %'%o # l'& E&c-!$u-'&&u4c!#$# #+!%#c!' %# &u 'u$o-!%'% %!+!'* Su /-o/!' #6!&$#c!', &u c'-5c$#-, l'+#-'c!%'% %# &u 8'l'-', lo co--oo-' u $#&$!o!o 3u# $oc' ' u#&$-' -'9, #&#$#&$!o!o #& 'u%'$#* E& c!#-$o, .l o ' #l!!'%o l' /o&!!l!%'% %# %u%'-> l' 7# %##'/o'-&# # l' #+!%#c!', o # l' %#o&$-'c!> lo& 3u# %#&#' %u%'- $!##o/o-$u!%'% %# 'c#-lo, /#-o lo& 3u# %#&#' cooc#- l' +#-%'% $!## &u4c!#$# $#--#o

/'-' #j#-c#- l' 7#*

No $##o& o$!+o& /'-' %u%'- %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& ' c'u&' %# 3u# o /o%'o&co/-#%#- lo& !&$#-!o& %# &u /-o+!%#c!'* E #l u%o '$u-'l, #&$'o&co&$'$##$# -o%#'%o& %# '-'+!ll'& &u/#-!o-#& ' u#&$-' co/-#&!* GNo& ' %#&o-/-#%#-, #$oc#&, #co$-'- $'!. # #l u%o #&/!-!$u'l !&$#-!o& 3u# o/o%#o& &o%#'-H L' %!4cul$'% -#&!%# &ol'#$# # l' #&$-#c#9 l' %#!l!%'% %# l'#$# u''*

= 1&#

0@ Lo& !&$#-!o& %# l' B!l!', l#jo& %# &#- u '-u#$o co$-' #ll', &# #cu#$-'#$-# l'& 5& 7u#-$#& /-u#'& %# &u !&/!-'c! %!+!'* S! &u %#&c-!/c! %# D!o&co&!&$!#-' &lo # lo 3u# o&o$-o& /u%!.&#o& co/-#%#-, &! &u -'%#9' &u

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L' B!l!' -#+#l' l' +#-%'% co $'l &#c!ll#9 $'l '%'/$'c! ' l'& #c#&!%'%#& lo&'#lo& %#l co-'9 u'o, 3u# ' '&o-'%o #c'$'%o ' lo& #&/-!$u& 5&cul$!+'%o&, 'l !&o $!#/o ' #6/l!c'%o #l c'!o %# l' +!%' 'l u!l%# # !o-'$#*"El 3u# '%u+!#-' # #&$# c'!o, /o- $o-/# 3u# &#', o &# #6$-'+!'-5"El 3u# '%u+!#-'# #&$# c'!o, /o- $o-/# 3u# &#', o &# #6$-'+!'-5"* N! !o $!## /o- 3u.#3u!+oc'- #l c'!o* N! u&c'%o- $#lo-o&o #c#&!$' %#j'- %# '%'- # l' lu9 /u-' &'$'* S! #'-o, l'& +#-%'%#& 5& &#c!ll'#$# #6/u#&$'& co/-#%# $#'&



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/#-$##c# ' =#o+5 u#&$-o D!o&", "l'& -#+#l'%'& &o /'-' o&o$-o& /'-' u#&$-o&!jo&"* L' !%#' %# 3u# c!#-$'& /o-c!o#& %# l' B!l!' o /u#%# &#- #$#%!%'&, '!%uc!%o ' %#&cu!%'- 'lu'& %# &u& 5& !/o-$'$#& +#-%'%#&* E& #c#&'-!o -#c'lc'-co 7-#cu#c!' #l #co %# 3u# lo& !&$#-!o& %# l' B!l!' o &o $'l#& /o-3u# D!o& ''$-'$'%o %# ocul$'- l' +#-%'%, &!o /o-3u# u#&$-' %#!l!%'% # !o-'c!' o& 'c#!c'/'c#& %# co/-#%#- o /o&#&!o'-o& %# l' +#-%'%* El l!$# o #&$5 4j'%o /o- &u/-o/&!$o, &!o /o- u#&$-' c'/'c!%'%* D!o& %#&#' 3u# co/-#%'o& $'$o coo lo/#-!$# u#&$-' #$#, /-#c!&'#$# '3u#ll'& /o-c!o#& %# l'& E&c-!$u-'& 3u# ' #u%o&# /'&' /o- 'l$o /o- co&!%#-5-&#l'& !/o&!l#& %# co/-#%#-* "To%' l' E&c-!$u-' #&!&/!-'%' /o- D!o&" /'-' 3u# #l o-# %# D!o& &#' "#$#-'#$# /-#/'-'%o /'-' $o%'u#' o-'"#$#-'#$# /-#/'-'%o /'-' $o%' u#' o-'"* (No$': I&'* ;J> *<D#u$* 2:2* <2 T!* ;: 1,1*<)

E& !/o&!l# /'-' cu'l3u!#- #$# u'' ''-c'- co/l#$'#$# &!3u!#-' u' +#-%'%o /-o#&' %# l' B!l!'* Uo co/-#%# l' lo-!' %#&%# u /u$o %# +!&$', o$-o %#&%#o$-o, &! #'-o &lo /o%#o& /#-c!!- %#&$#llo&* L' /l#!$u% %#l -!llo #&$5 7u#-' %#l'lc'c# %# u#&$-' +!&!*

Al co$#/l'-, l'& -'%#& co&'& %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&, o&#-+'o& u' 7u#$# 3u# &#'/l' /-o7u%!9' 'jo u#&$-' !-'%'* Su '/l!$u% /-o7u%!%'% &o-#/'&' u#&$-ocooc!!#$o* Al !-'-, l' +!&! &# #6/'%#> co$#/l'o& #6$#%!%o %#l'$# %#o&o$-o& u '- &! l!$#&*

E&$# #&$u%!o $!## /o%#- +!+!4c'%o-* L' #$# #l co-'9 '%3u!#-# 7u#-9' +!%'

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E&$' #6/#-!#c!' #& l' 'o- #+!%#c!' %# 3u# l' B!l!' #& %# o-!# %!+!o* R#c!!o& l'8'l'-' %# D!o& coo 'l!#$o /'-' #l 'l', #%!'$# l' 12 !&' #+!%#c!' /o- l'cu'l -#c!!o& #l /' coo 'l!#$o /'-' #l cu#-/o* El /' &u/l# l' #c#&!%'% %#u#&$-' '$u-'l#9'* S'#o& /o- #6/#-!#c!' 3u# /-o%uc# &'-#, u#&o& c#-#-o*A/l!3u#o& l' !&' /-u#' ' l' B!l!': Cu'%o &u& /-!c!/!o& ' ll#'%o ' 7o-'-#7#c$!+'#$# /'-$# %#l c'-5c$#-, Gcu5l ' &!%o #l -#&ul$'%oH Gu. c'!o& &# '#7#c$u'%o # l' +!%'H "L'& co&'& +!#j'& /'&'-o> # '3u $o%'& &o #c'& u#+'&"L'&co&'& +!#j'& /'&'-o> # '3u $o%'& &o #c'& u#+'&"* -'c!'& ' &u /o%#-, lo&o-#& uj#-#& ' -o$o l'& c'%#'& %# lo& 5!$o& /#c'!o&o&* ' -#uc!'%o 'l

#o&o* Lo& /-o7'o& &# ' +u#l$o -#+#-#$#&> lo& #o%o&, &o-!o&> lo& l!#-$!o&,/u-o&* L'& 'l'& 3u# #6/o' l' &##j'9' %# S'$'5&, ' &!%o $-'&7o-'%'& ' l'!'# %# D!o&* E&$# c'!o #& # & #l !l'-o %# lo& !l'-o&* E& u c'!o o-'%o/o- l' 8'l'-', uo %# lo& 5& /-o7u%o& !&$#-!o& %# l' 8'l'-'* No lo /o%#o&co/-#%#-> &lo /o%#o& c-##-, &# lo %#cl'-' l' E&c-!$u-', 3u# #& "C-!&$o #+o&o$-o&, l' #&/#-'9' %# l' lo-!'"C-!&$o # +o&o$-o&, l' #&/#-'9' %# l' lo-!'"* (No$': 2Co-* J: 1* <Col* 1 : 2*<)

El cooc!!#$o %# #&$# !&$#-!o #& l' cl'+# %# $o%o& lo& %#5&* A-# 'l 'l' lo& $#&o-o&%#l u!+#-&o, l'& /o&!!l!%'%#& %# u %#&'--ollo !4!$o*



#&$# %#&'--ollo &# o$!## /o- #%!o %# l' co&$'$# -#+#l'c! %#l c'-5c$#- %# D!o& 'o&o$-o&, %# l' lo-!' #l !&$#-!o %# l' 8'l'-' #&c-!$'* S! o& 7u#-' /o&!l# lo-'- u'/l#' co/-#&! %# D!o& &u 8'l'-', o '-' /'-' o&o$-o& 5& %#&cu-!!#$o&%# l' +#-%'%, 'o- cooc!!#$o, ! 'o- %#&'--ollo* D!o& %#j'-' %# &#- &u/-#o, #lo-# %#j'-' %# /-o-#&'-* -'c!'& ' D!o&, o #& '&* 8u#&$o 3u# D!o& #& !4!$o, #.l #&$5 $o%o& lo& $#&o-o& %# l' &'!%u-', /o%-#o& #&cu%-!'- '/-#%#- &!#/-#,%u-'$# $o%' l' #$#-!%'%, &! 'o$'- j'5& l'& -!3u#9'& %# &u &'!%u-', &u o%'% o &u/o%#-*

V 1&#

1@ La istoria y la Profecía

"Gu!. !9o o- #&$o %#&%# #l /-!c!/!o***** &!o o =#o+5H o ' 5& D!o& 3u# o*"

LA BIBLIA #& l' !&$o-!' 5& '$!u' ''-c'$# 3u# /o&## lo& o-#&* N'c! %# l'7u#$# %# l' +#-%'% #$#-' u' 'o %!+!' ' /-#&#-+'%o &u /u-#9' ' $-'+.& %# lo&&!lo&* Ilu!' #l l#j'o /'&'%o # #l cu'l # +'o $-'$' %# /##$-'- l' !+#&$!'c!u''* Sol'#$# # l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& co$#/l'o& #l /o%#- 3u# /u&o lo&c!!#$o& %# l' $!#--' #6$#%! lo& c!#lo&* Slo # #ll' 'll'o& u -#l'$o 'u$.$!co %#lo-!# %# l'& 'c!o#&* Slo # #ll' &# %' u' !&$o-!' %# u#&$-' -'9', l!-# %# /-#ju!c!o&

u o-ullo u'o&*

E lo& ''l#& %# l' !&$o-!' u'', #l c-#c!!#$o %# l'& 'c!o#&, #l l#+'$'!#$o l'c'%' %# lo& !/#-!o&," /'-#c# %#/#%#- %# l' +olu$'% l'& /-o#9'& %#l o-#* Lo&&uc#&o& /'-#c# &#- %#$#-!'%o&, # -' /'-$#, /o- &u /o%#-, &u '!c! o &uc'/-!co* 8#-o # l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& &# %#&co--# #l +#lo, co$#/l'o& %#$-5&, #c!' #$-# l' $-'' l' u-%!-# %# lo& !$#-#&#&, l'& /'&!o#& #l /o%#- %# lo& o-#&,lo& '#$#& %#l S#- !&#-!co-%!o&o, 3u# #j#cu$' &!l#c!o&' /'c!#$##$# lo& co&#jo&%# l' +olu$'% %# D!o&*

L' B!l!' -#+#l' l' +#-%'%#-' 4lo&o7' %# l' !&$o-!'* E l'& /'l'-'& %# #ll#9'!'cul'%' $#-u-' 1K 3u# #l '/&$ol 8'lo %!-!! ' lo& 4l&o7o& %# A$#'&, &# #6/o#

#l /-o/&!$o 3u# $#' D!o& 'l c-#'- %!&$-!u!- l'& -'9'& 'c!o#&* El "%# u' &'-# '#co $o%o #l l!'j# %# lo& o-#&, /'-' 3u# '!$# &o-# l' 7'9 %# l' $!#--'> l#& '/-#4j'%o #l o-%# %# lo& $!#/o&, lo& l!$#& %# &u '!$'c!> /'-' 3u# u&3u# 'D!o&, &! # 'lu' '#-', /'l/'%o, /u#%' 'll'-l#"%# u' &'-# ' #co $o%o #ll!'j# %# lo& o-#&, /'-' 3u# '!$# &o-# l' 7'9 %# l' $!#--'> l#& ' /-#4j'%o #lo-%# %# lo& $!#/o&, lo& l!$#& %# &u '!$'c!> /'-' 3u# u&3u# ' D!o&, &! #'lu' '#-', /'l/'%o, /u#%' 'll'-l#"* D!o& %#cl'-' 3u# cu'l3u!#-' 3u# lo %#&##/u#%# "#$-'- # lo& +culo& %#l /'c$o"#$-'- # lo& +culo& %#l /'c$o"* Al c-#'- l'$!#--', &u /-o/&!$o #-' 3u# 7u#&# '!$'%' /o- &#-#& cu' #6!&$#c!' 7u#&# u' #%!c!/'-' & !&o& /'-' lo& %#5&, u oo- /'-' &u C-#'%o-* To%o& lo& 3u# 3u!#-'/u#%# !%#$!4c'-&# co #&$# /-o/&!$o* D# lo& $'l#& &# %!-5: "E&$# /u#lo # c-#'%o /'-'

!, !& 'l''9'& /ul!c'-5"E&$# /u#lo # c-#'%o /'-' !, !& 'l''9'& /ul!c'-5"*(No$': #c* 1: 2, 2* <E9#* 20: ;* <I&'* K;: 21<)

D!o& ' -#+#l'%o # &u l# lo& /-!c!/!o& 5&!co& %# $o%' /-o&/#-!%'% +#-%'%#-', $'$o %#l'& 'c!o#& coo %# lo& !%!+!%uo&* "8o-3u# .&$' #& +u#&$-' &'!%u-' +u#&$-'!$#l!#c!'" "8o-3u# .&$' #& +u#&$-' &'!%u-' +u#&$-' !$#l!#c!'", %#cl'- Mo!&.& 'lo& !&-'#l!$'&, -#4-!.%o&# ' l' l# %# D!o&* "8o-3u# o o& #& co&' +''> #& +u#&$-'+!%'"8o-3u# o o& #& co&' +''> #& +u#&$-' +!%'"* L'& #%!c!o#& '& '&#u-'%'& 'I&-'#l, &# /-o#$# # l'& !&'& co%!c!o#& # #l !&o -'%o ' $o%' 'c! '$o%o !%!+!%uo 3u# #6!&$# %#'jo %#l '/l!o c!#lo* (No$': D#u$* K: > ;2: K* <)



El /o%#- 3u# #j#-c# $o%o o#-'$# # l' $!#--', &# lo o$o-' #l c!#lo, &u .6!$o %#/#%#%# co lo #j#-c#* El A$'l'' %!+!o %!c# ' c'%' cu'l: "o $# c#!-., 'u3u# $ o #cooc!&$#"*"o $# c#!-., 'u3u# $ o # cooc!&$#"*I&'* KJ: J* /'-' $o%o& co&$!$u#u' l#cc! %# +!%' l'& /'l'-'& %!-!!%'& ' N'uco%oo&o-: "Tu& /#c'%o& -#%!# co

ju&$!c!', $u& !!3u!%'%#& 'c!#%o !&#-!co-%!'& /'-' co lo& o/-!!%o&, /u#& $'l +#9&#-5 #&o u' /-olo'c! %# $u $-'3u!l!%'%"Tu& /#c'%o& -#%!# co ju&$!c!', $u&!!3u!%'%#& 'c!#%o !&#-!co-%!'& /'-' co lo& o/-!!%o&, /u#& $'l +#9 &#-5 #&o u'/-olo'c! %# $u $-'3u!l!%'%"*1J (No$': I&'* KJ: J* <D'* K: 2*< )

Co/-#%#- #&$'& co&'&, co/-#%#- 3u# "l' ju&$!c!' #-'%#c# ' l' 'c!" "l' ju&$!c!'#-'%#c# ' l' 'c!" > 3u# "co l' ju&$!c!' &#-5 '4-'%o #l $-oo"co l' ju&$!c!' &#-5'4-'%o #l $-oo" co "!&#-!co-%!'" "!&#-!co-%!'"8-o+* 1K: ;K> 1: 12> 20: 2* >-#cooc#- l' o-' %# #&$o& /-!c!/!o& # l' '!7#&$'c! %#l /o%#- 3u# "3u!$' -##&, /o# -##&"3u!$' -##&, /o# -##&"D'* 2: 21, #& co/-#%#- l' 4lo&o7' %# l'!&$o-!'* (No$': 8-o+* 1K: ;K> 1: 12> 20: 2* <D'* 2: 21<)

Slo # l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& #&$5 #&$o cl'-'#$# #6/u#&$o* E #ll' &# u#&$-' 3u# l'7u#-9' %# l'& 'c!o#&, lo !&o 3u# l' %# lo& !%!+!%uo&, o &# #cu#$-' # l'&o/o-$u!%'%#& o #%!o& 3u# /'-#c# 'c#-lo& !+#c!l#&> ! $'/oco # &u /-#o'%'-'%#9'* S# !%# /o- l' 4%#l!%'% co 3u# cu/l# #l /-o/&!$o %# D!o&*

E l' !&$o-!' %# l' '$!u' B'!lo!' &# #cu#$-' u' !lu&$-'c! %# #&$' +#-%'%* El+#-%'%#-o oj#$o %#l o!#-o 'c!o'l &# l# /-#&#$ 'l -# N'uco%oo&o- 'jo l'4u-' %# u -' 5-ol, cu' "co/' ll#'' '&$' #l c!#lo, &# l# 'lc'9'' ' +#- %#&%#$o%o& lo& co4#& %# l' $!#--'* Su 7oll'j# #-' #-o&o &u 7-u$o 'u%'$#, '' # .l'l!#$o /'-' $o%o&* D#'jo %# .l &# /o' ' l' &o-' l'& #&$!'& %#l c'/o, # &u&-''& 'c' o-'%' l'& '+#& %#l c!#lo"co/' ll#'' '&$' #l c!#lo, &# l# 'lc'9'' '+#- %#&%# $o%o& lo& co4#& %# l' $!#--'* Su 7oll'j# #-' #-o&o &u 7-u$o 'u%'$#, '' # .l 'l!#$o /'-' $o%o&* D#'jo %# .l &# /o' ' l' &o-' l'& #&$!'& %#lc'/o, # &u& -''& 'c' o-'%' l'& '+#& %#l c!#lo"* (No$': D'* K: 11, 12* <)

S 1&#

2@ E&$' 4u-' u#&$-' #l c'-5c$#- %# u o!#-o 3u# cu/l# #l /-o/&!$o %# D!o&, u

o!#-o 3u# /-o$## #%!4c' ' l' 'c!*

D!o& #&'l9 ' B'!lo!' /'-' 3u# /u%!#-' cu/l!- #&# /-o/&!$o* L' 'c! /-o&/#-'&$' ll#'- ' u' 'l$u-' %# -!3u#9' /o%#- 3u# %#&%# #$oc#& uc' ' &!%o !u'l'%', 3u# # l'& E&c-!$u-'& #&$5 '%#cu'%'#$# -#/-#&#$'%' /o- #l !&/!-'%o &olo %#u' "c'#9' %# o-o"c'#9' %# o-o"* (No$': D'* 2: ;*<)

8#-o #l -# o -#cooc! #l /o%#- 3u# lo '' #cu-'%o* Ll#o %# o-ullo, %!joN'uco%oo&o-: "GNo #& .&$' l' -' B'!lo!' 3u# o #%!43u. "GNo #& .&$' l' -'B'!lo!' 3u# o #%!43u. 1/'-' c'&' -#'l co l' 7u#-9' %# ! /o%#-, /'-' lo-!' %#! 'j#&$'%H"/'-' c'&' -#'l co l' 7u#-9' %# ! /o%#-, /'-' lo-!' %# ! 'j#&$'%H"*

(No$': D'* K: ;0* <)

E +#9 %# &#- /-o$#c$o-' %# lo& o-#&* B'!lo!' &# co+!-$! # o-ullo&' c-u#lo/-#&o-'* L'& /'l'-'& %# l' I&/!-'c!, 3u# %#&c-!# l' c-u#l%'% l' +o-'c!%'% %# lo&o#-'$#& %# I&-'#l, -#+#l' #l &#c-#$o %# l' c'%' %# B'!lo!', %# l' %# uco&o$-o& -#!o& 3u# ' c'%o %#&%# 3u# #/#9 #l u%o: "Co.!& l' -o&u-', o& +#&$&%# l' l''> l' #o-%'%' %#oll5!&, '& o '/'c#$5!& ' l'& o+#j'&* No 7o-$'l#c!&$#!& l'&%.!l#&, ! cu-'&$#!& l' #7#-'> o +#%'&$#!& l' /#-!3u#-'%', ! u&c'&$#!& l'/#-%!%', &!o 3u# o& '.!& #&#o-#'%o %# #ll'& co %u-#9' co +!ol#c!'"Co.!& l'-o&u-', o& +#&$& %# l' l''> l' #o-%'%' %#oll5!&, '& o '/'c#$5!& ' l'& o+#j'&*No 7o-$'l#c!&$#!& l'& %.!l#&, ! cu-'&$#!& l' #7#-'> o +#%'&$#!& l' /#-!3u#-'%', !



u&c'&$#!& l' /#-%!%', &!o 3u# o& '.!& #&#o-#'%o %# #ll'& co %u-#9' co+!ol#c!'"* (No$': E9#* ;K: ;, K* <)

El A$'l'' %!+!o /-ouc! co$-' #l -# %# B'!lo!' l' &#$#c!': "A $! &# $# %!c#, -#N'uco%oo&o-: El -#!o ' &!%o 3u!$'%o %# $!"A $! &# $# %!c#, -# N'uco%oo&o-: El-#!o ' &!%o 3u!$'%o %# $!"* (No$': D'* K: ;1*<)

"D#&c!#%# &!.$'$# # #l /ol+o, +!-# !j' %# B'!lo!'*"D#&c!#%# &!.$'$# # #l

/ol+o, +!-# !j' %# B'!lo!'*S!.$'$# # l' $!#--', &! $-oo* * * S!.$'$# # l' $!#--', &!$-oo* * * S!.$'$#, c'll',S!.$'$#, c'll', #$-' # $!!#l'&, !j' %# lo& c'l%#o&> #$-' #$!!#l'&, !j' %# lo& c'l%#o&> 8o-3u# uc' 5& $# ll''-5 &#o-' %# -#!o&"8o-3u#uc' 5& $# ll''-5 &#o-' %# -#!o&"*"T, l' 3u# o-'& #$-# uc'& 'u'&, -!c' #$#&o-o&,"T, l' 3u# o-'& #$-# uc'& 'u'&, -!c' # $#&o-o&,' +#!%o $u 4, l'#%!%' %# $u co%!c!'"*' +#!%o $u 4, l' #%!%' %# $u co%!c!'"*" B'!lo!', #-o&u-'%# -#!o&" B'!lo!', #-o&u-' %# -#!o& o-'#$o %# l' -'%#9' %# lo& c'l%#o&,o-'#$o %# l' -'%#9' %# lo& c'l%#o&,S#-5 coo So%o' oo--', ' l'& 3u#$-'&$o- D!o&"S#-5 coo So%o' oo--', ' l'& 3u# $-'&$o- D!o&"*" l' co+#-$!-.# /o&#&! %# #-!9o&, # l'u'& %# 'u'> l' '--#-. co #&co'& %# %#&$-ucc!,%!c# =#o+5 %# lo& #j.-c!$o&" l' co+#-$!-. # /o&#&! %# #-!9o&, # l'u'& %# 'u'> l' '--#-. co #&co'& %# %#&$-ucc!, %!c# =#o+5 %# lo& #j.-c!$o&"* (No$': I&'* K: 1J

<=#-* J1: 1;> I&'* 1;: 1*<I&'* 1K: 2;*<)

S# ' /#-!$!%o ' $o%' 'c! 3u# ' '&c#%!%o 'l #&c#'-!o %# l' !&$o-!' 3u# ocu/# &ulu'- # 1 l' $!#--' /'-' +#- &! +' ' cu/l!- o o #l /-o/&!$o %#l "V!!l'$# S'$o"* L'/-o7#c' ' 'uc!'%o #l l#+'$'!#$o l' c'%' %# lo& -'%#& !/#-!o& %#l u%o:B'!lo!', M#%o8#-&!', -#c!' Ro'* L' !&$o-!' &# -#/!$! co c'%' u' %# #ll'&, lo!&o 3u# co 'c!o#& #o& /o%#-o&'&* C'%' u' $u+o &u /#-o%o %# /-u#',7-'c'&, &u lo-!' &# '-c!$, /#-%! &u /o%#-, &u lu'- 7u# ocu/'%o /o- o$-'*

Au3u# l'& 'c!o#& -#c'9'-o lo& /-!c!/!o& %# D!o& /-o+oc'-o co #&#-#c'9'!#$o &u /-o/!' -u!', #& #+!%#$# 3u# #l /-o/&!$o %!+!o /-#%o! &#'!7#&$ # $o%o& &u& o+!!#$o&*

U' '-'+!llo&' -#/-#&#$'c! &!l!c' %'%' 'l /-o7#$' E9#3u!#l %u-'$# &u %#&$!#--o# l' $!#--' %# lo& c'l%#o&, #&#' #&$' l#cc!* R#c!! l' +!&! cu'%o #&$'''-u'%o /o- -#cu#-%o& $-!&$#& /-#&#$!!#$o& !3u!#$'$#&* L' $!#--' %# &u& /'%-#&#&$'' %#&ol'%'> =#-u&'l., %#&/ol'%'* El /-o7#$' !&o #-' #6$-'j#-o # u /'&%o%# -#!'' &u/-#'& l' '!c! l' c-u#l%'%* 8o- $o%'& /'-$#& +#''!7#&$'c!o#& %# $!-'' # !ju&$!c!'* Su 'l' #&$'' '?!!%' &# l'#$'' %' oc#* 8#-o lo& &olo& 3u# &# l# /-#&#$'-o /o' # #+!%#c!' u /o%#- &u/#-!o- 'l%# lo& o#-'$#& $#--#'l#&*

D 20&#

;@ A o-!ll'& %#l -o u#'-, E9#3u!#l +!o u $o-#ll!o 3u# /'-#c', /-oc#%#- %#l o-$#,"u' -' u#, co u 7u#o #+ol+#$#, 'l-#%#%o- %# .l u #&/l#%o-, # #%!o %#l

7u#o 'lo 3u# /'-#c' coo -oc# -#7ul#$#"u' -' u#, co u 7u#o#+ol+#$#, 'l-#%#%o- %# .l u #&/l#%o-, # #%!o %#l 7u#o 'lo 3u# /'-#c' coo-oc# -#7ul#$#"* Cu'$-o &#-#& +!+!#$#& o+' u#-o&'& -u#%'& #$-#l'9'%'&* 8o-#c!' %# $o%o #&$o "&# +#' l' 4u-' %# u $-oo 3u# /'-#c' %# /!#%-' %# 9'4-o> &o-# l' 4u-' %#l $-oo '' u' &##j'9' 3u# /'-#c' %# o-# &#$'%o &o-# .l"*" '/'-#c! # lo& 3u#-u!#& l' 4u-' %# u' 'o %# o-# %#'jo %# &u& 'l'&"&#+#' l' 4u-' %# u $-oo 3u# /'-#c' %# /!#%-' %# 9'4-o> &o-# l' 4u-' %#l $-oo'' u' &##j'9' 3u# /'-#c' %# o-# &#$'%o &o-# .l"* " '/'-#c! # lo&3u#-u!#& l' 4u-' %# u' 'o %# o-# %#'jo %# &u& 'l'&"*1 L'& -u#%'&#&$'' %!&/u#&$'& # 7o-' $' co/l!c'%', 3u# ' /-!#-' +!&$' /'-#c' 3u# #&$''# %#&o-%#> /#-o &# o+' # /#-7#c$' '-o'* S#-#& c#l#&$!'l#& #/uj'' l'&



-u#%'&, #llo&, ' &u +#9, #-' &o&$#!%o& u!'%o& /o- l' 'o 3u# #&$'' %#'jo %#lo& 3u#-u!#&> &o-# #llo&, # #l $-oo %# 9'4-o, #&$'' #l E$#-o, 'l-#%#%o- %#l $-oou '-co !-!&, #l#' %# l' !&#-!co-%!' %!+!'* (No$': E9#* l: K*<E9#* 1: K, 2> 10: *< )

A& coo l' %!&/o&!c! co/l!c'%' %# l'& -u#%'& #&$'' 'jo l' %!-#cc! %# l' 'o3u# &# +#' %#'jo %# l'& 'l'& %# lo& 3u#-u!#&, D!o& %!-!# #l co/l!c'%o '#jo %# lo&'co$#c!!#$o& u'o&* E #%!o %# l' luc' #l $uul$o %# l'& 'c!o#&, A3u#l 3u#&# &!#$' /o- #c!' %# lo& 3u#-u!#&, ' %!-!# lo& '&u$o& $#--#'l#&*

L' !&$o-!' %# l'& 'c!o#& 3u# &uc#&!+'#$# ocu/'-o #l $!#/o #l lu'- 3u# &# l#&'&!, 3u# !co&c!#$##$# %!#-o $#&$!o!o %# l' +#-%'% cuo &!!4c'%o!o-'', $!## u #&'j# /'-' o&o$-o&* D!o& ' '&!'%o u lu'- # &u -' /l' '$o%' 'c! ' $o%o !%!+!%uo %# l' 'c$u'l!%'%* o lo& o-#& l'& 'c!o#& &o#%!%o& /o- l' /lo'%' 3u# &o&$!## A3u#l 3u# o &# #3u!+oc'* To%o& %#c!%# &u%#&$!o /o- &u /-o/!' -#&oluc!, D!o& %!-!# $o%o /'-' 3u# &# cu/l' &u& /-o/&!$o&*

L' !&$o-!' 3u# #l -' O SO ' $-'9'%o # &u 8'l'-', 'l u!- lo& #&l'o#& %# l'c'%#' /-o7.$!c' %#&%# l' #$#-!%'% /'&'%' '&$' l' #$#-!%'% 7u$u-', o& %!c# %%##&$'o& o # #l $-'&cu-&o %# lo& &!lo&, 3u. #& lo 3u# &# /u#%# #&/#-'- %#l 7u$u-o*

To%o lo 3u# l' /-o7#c' 'uc! 3u# &uc#%#-' '&$' #l /-#&#$#, ' &!%o -#!&$-'%o # l'&

/5!'& %# l' !&$o-!', /o%#o& #&$'- &#u-o& %# 3u# $o%o lo 3u# +#%-5 ' &#cu/l!-5 # &u o-%#*

E l' 8'l'-' %# +#-%'% &# /-#%!c# cl'-'#$# l' c'%' 4'l %# lo& %o!!o& $#--#'l#&*E l' /-o7#c' 'uc!'%' cu'%o D!o& /-ouc! l' &#$#c!' co$-' #l l$!o -# %#I&-'#l, &# %' #l #&'j#: "A& ' %!co =#o+5 #l S#o-: D#/ l' $!'-', 3u!$' l' co-o'***&#' #6'l$'%o lo 'jo, u!ll'%o lo 'l$o* A -u!', ' -u!', ' -u!' lo -#%uc!-., #&$o o&#-5 5&, '&$' 3u# +#' '3u#l cuo #& #l %#-#co, o &# lo #$-#'-."* (No$': E9#*21: 2, 2*<)

L' co-o' 3u# &# l# 3u!$ ' I&-'#l /'& &uc#&!+'#$# ' lo& -#!o& %# B'!lo!', M#%o8#-&!', -#c!' Ro'* D!o& %!c#: "E&$o o &#-5 5&, '&$' 3u# +#' '3u#l cuo #& #l

%#-#co, o &# lo #$-#'-.*"

E&# $!#/o #&$5 c#-c'* L'& &#'l#& %# lo& $!#/o& %#cl'-' o 3u# #&$'o& # #lu-'l %# &uc#&o& -'%#& &ol##&* To%o #&$5 # '!$'c! # #l u%o* A$#u#&$-' +!&$' &# cu/l# l' /-o7#c' %#l S'l+'%o- -#7#-#$# ' lo& &uc#&o& 3u# /-#c#%#-5' &u +#!%': "O!-.!& %# u#--'&, -uo-#& %# u#--'&* * * S# l#+'$'-5 'c! co$-''c!, -#!o co$-' -#!o> '-5 /#&$#&, '-#&, $#--#o$o& # %!7#-#$#&lu'-#&"* (No$': M'$* 2K: , *<)

L' ./oc' 'c$u'l #& %# &uo !$#-.& /'-' $o%o& lo& +!+!#$#&* Lo& o#-'$#& #&$'%!&$'&, lo& o-#& 3u# ocu/' /u#&$o& %# co4'9' 'u$o-!%'%, lo& o-#&

uj#-#& 3u# /!#&', %# $o%' cl'&# &oc!'l $!## l' '$#c! 4j' # lo& &uc#&o& 3u#ocu--# 'l-#%#%o- %# o&o$-o&* O&#-+' l'& -#l'c!o#& $!-'$#& 3u# '$!## l'&'c!o#&* O&#-+' l' $#&! 3u# &# #&$5 '/o%#-'%o %# $o%o #l##$o $#--#'l, -#cooc# 3u# #&$5 /o- ocu--!- 'lo -'%# %#c!&!+o, 3u# #l u%o #&$5 'l o-%# %#u' c-!&!& #&$u/#%'*

E #&$# !&o o#$o lo& 5#l#& #&$5 &o&$#!#%o lo& +!#$o& %# co$!#%' /'-'3u# o &o/l# 10 '&$' 3u# #l u%o -#c!' l' '%+#-$#c!' %# &u /-6!' co%#'c!>/#-o &# #&$5 /-#/'-'%o u' $o-#$'> ' #&$5 l!&$' /'-' #&$'ll'- &o-# l' $!#--'> cu'%o D!o& o-%## ' &u& 5#l#& 3u# &u#l$# lo& +!#$o&, '-5 u' #&c#' $'l %#luc', 3u# !u' /lu' /o%-' %#&c-!!-l'*



$#L# L& BIBLI& &CL&R& L& I$.#RI&

L' B!l!', &lo l' B!l!' %' u' !%#' #6'c$' %# #&$'& co&'&* E #ll' &# -#+#l' l'&-'%#& #&c#'& 4'l#& %# l' !&$o-!' %# u#&$-o u%o, &uc#&o& 3u# ' /-o#c$' &u&&o-'&, 3u# 'l '/-o6!'-&# 'c# $#l'- l' $!#--' co &u -u!%o 'c# %#&7'll#c#- %#$#o- ' lo& o-#&*

L 21&# K@"# '3u 3u# =#o+5 +'c' l' $!#--' l' %#&u%', $-'&$o-' &u 7'9, 'c# #&/'-c!-' &u& o-'%o-#&* * * 8o-3u# $-'&/'&'-o l'& l##&, 7'l&#'-o #l %#-#co, 3u#-'$'-o #l/'c$o &#/!$#-o* 8o- #&$' c'u&' l' 'l%!c! co&u! l' $!#--', &u& o-'%o-#& 7u#-o'&ol'%o&* * * C#& #l -#oc!jo %# lo& /'%#-o&, &# 'c' #l #&$-u#%o %# lo& 3u# &#'l#-', c#& l' 'l#-' %#l '-/'"*"# '3u 3u# =#o+5 +'c' l' $!#--' l' %#&u%', $-'&$o-' &u 7'9, 'c# #&/'-c!- ' &u& o-'%o-#&* * * 8o-3u# $-'&/'&'-o l'& l##&,7'l&#'-o #l %#-#co, 3u#-'$'-o #l /'c$o &#/!$#-o* 8o- #&$' c'u&' l' 'l%!c!co&u! l' $!#--', &u& o-'%o-#& 7u#-o '&ol'%o&* * * C#& #l -#oc!jo %# lo& /'%#-o&,&# 'c' #l #&$-u#%o %# lo& 3u# &# 'l#-', c#& l' 'l#-' %#l '-/'"* (No$': I&'* 2K: 1*<)

"A %#l %'P /o-3u# c#-c'o #&$5 #l %' %# =#o+5, +#%-5 coo %#&$-ucc! /o- #l

To%o/o%#-o&o* * * El -'o &# /u%-! %#'jo %# lo& $#--o#&, lo& -'#-o& 7u#-o '&ol'%o&,lo& 'l7ol#& %#&$-u!%o&> /o-3u# &# &#c #l $-!o* Co !!#-o l'& #&$!'&P Cu5$u-'%o& '%u+!#-o lo& '$o& %# lo& u##&, /o-3u# o $u+!#-o /'&$o&P T'!. 7u#-o'&ol'%o& lo& -#'o& %# l'& o+#j'&"* "L' +!% #&$5 &#c', /#-#c! l' !u#-'> #l -''%o$'!., l' /'l#-' #l '9'o> $o%o& lo& 5-ol#& %#l c'/o &# &#c'-o, /o- lo cu'l &##6$!u! #l o9o %# lo& !jo& %# lo& o-#&"A %#l %'P /o-3u# c#-c'o #&$5 #l %' %#

=#o+5, +#%-5 coo %#&$-ucc! /o- #l To%o/o%#-o&o* * * El -'o &# /u%-! %#'jo %#lo& $#--o#&, lo& -'#-o& 7u#-o '&ol'%o&, lo& 'l7ol#& %#&$-u!%o&> /o-3u# &# &#c #l $-!o*Co !!#-o l'& #&$!'&P Cu5 $u-'%o& '%u+!#-o lo& '$o& %# lo& u##&, /o-3u#o $u+!#-o /'&$o&P T'!. 7u#-o '&ol'%o& lo& -#'o& %# l'& o+#j'&"* "L' +!% #&$5&#c', /#-#c! l' !u#-'> #l -''%o $'!., l' /'l#-' #l '9'o> $o%o& lo&5-ol#& %#l c'/o &# &#c'-o, /o- lo cu'l &# #6$!u! #l o9o %# lo& !jo& %# lo&

o-#&"* (No$': =o#l 1: 1;1, 12*<)

"M# %u#l# l'& 4-'& %# ! co-'9* * * o c'll'-.> /o-3u# &o!%o %# $-o/#$' '& o%o,o 'l' " ', /-# %# u#--'* u#-'$'!#$o &o-# 3u#-'$'!#$o #&'uc!'%o> /o-3u# $o%' l' $!#--' #& %#&$-u!%'> %# -#/#$# &o %#&$-u!%'& !& $!#%'&, #u o#$o !& co-$!'&"*"

"M!-. ' l' $!#--', # '3u 3u# #&$'' '&ol'%' +'c'> ' lo& c!#lo&, o '' # #llo&lu9* M!-. ' lo& o$#&, # '3u 3u# $#l'', $o%o& lo& coll'%o& 7u#-o %#&$-u!%o&*M!-., o '' o-#, $o%'& l'& '+#& %#l c!#lo &# '' !%o* M!-., # '3u #lc'/o 7.-$!l #-' u %#&!#-$o, $o%'& &u& c!u%'%#& #-' '&ol'%'& %#l'$# %#

=#o+5"*"M!-. ' l' $!#--', # '3u 3u# #&$'' '&ol'%' +'c'> ' lo& c!#lo&, o ''# #llo& lu9* M!-. ' lo& o$#&, # '3u 3u# $#l'', $o%o& lo& coll'%o& 7u#-o%#&$-u!%o&* M!-., o '' o-#, $o%'& l'& '+#& %#l c!#lo &# '' !%o* M!-., #'3u #l c'/o 7.-$!l #-' u %#&!#-$o, $o%'& &u& c!u%'%#& #-' '&ol'%'& %#l'$# %#

=#o+5"*=#-* K:1, 20, 2;2 (No$': =#-* K:1, 20, 2;2<)

"A, cu5 -'%# #& '3u#l %'P T'$o, 3u#, o ' o$-o &##j'$# ' .l> $!#/o %#'u&$!' /'-' ='co> /#-o %# #ll' &#-5 l!-'%o"*"A, cu5 -'%# #& '3u#l %'P T'$o,3u#, o ' o$-o &##j'$# ' .l> $!#/o %# 'u&$!' /'-' ='co> /#-o %# #ll' &#-5l!-'%o"*=#-* ;0: (No$': =#-* ;0: <)



"A%', /u#lo o, #$-' # $u& '/o&#$o&, c!#--' $-'& $! $u& /u#-$'&> #&c%#$# u/o3u!$o, /o- u o#$o, # $'$o 3u# /'&' l' !%!'c!"*"A%', /u#lo o, #$-' #$u& '/o&#$o&, c!#--' $-'& $! $u& /u#-$'&> #&c%#$# u /o3u!$o, /o- u o#$o, #$'$o 3u# /'&' l' !%!'c!"*I&'* 2: 20 (No$': I&'* 2: 20<)

"8o-3u# '& /u#&$o ' =#o+5, 3u# #& ! #&/#-'9',"8o-3u# '& /u#&$o ' =#o+5, 3u# #&! #&/#-'9',Al Al$&!o /o- $u '!$'c!,Al Al$&!o /o- $u '!$'c!,No $#&o-#+#%-5 'l, ! /l'' $oc'-5 $u o-'%'"No $# &o-#+#%-5 'l, ! /l'' $oc'-5 $u

o-'%'"* (No$': S'l* 1: , 10<)"El D!o& %# %!o&#&, =#o+5, ' 'l'%o, co+oc'%o l' $!#--',"El D!o& %# %!o&#&, =#o+5,' 'l'%o, co+oc'%o l' $!#--',D#&%# #l 'c!!#$o %#l &ol '&$' %o%# &#/o#*D#&%# #l 'c!!#$o %#l &ol '&$' %o%# &# /o#*D# S!, /#-7#cc! %##-o&u-',D# S!, /#-7#cc! %# #-o&u-',D!o& ' -#&/l'%#c!%o*D!o& '-#&/l'%#c!%o*V#%-5 u#&$-o D!o&, o c'll'-5>V#%-5 u#&$-o D!o&, o c'll'-5>Fu#oco&u!-5 %#l'$# %# .l,Fu#o co&u!-5 %#l'$# %# .l, $#/#&$'% /o%#-o&' l#-o%#'-5* $#/#&$'% /o%#-o&' l# -o%#'-5*Co+oc'-5 ' lo& c!#lo& %# '--!',Co+oc'-5 'lo& c!#lo& %# '--!', ' l' $!#--', /'-' ju9'- ' &u /u#lo* * * ' l' $!#--', /'-' ju9'- ' &u/u#lo* * * lo& c!#lo& %#cl'-'-5 &u ju&$!c!', lo& c!#lo& %#cl'-'-5 &u ju&$!c!',8o-3u# D!o&#& #l ju#9"* 8o-3u# D!o& #& #l ju#9"* S'l* J0:1;, K* (No$': S'l* J0:1;, K*<)

"!j' %# S!* * * 'll &#-5& l!-'%', 'll $# -#%!!-5 =#o+5 %# l' 'o %# $u& ##!o&*8#-o " 'o-' &# ' ju$'%o uc'& 'c!o#& co$-' $!, %!c#: S#' /-o7''%', +#'u#&$-o& ojo& &u %#&#o # S!* M'& #llo& o cooc!#-o lo& /#&'!#$o& %# =#o+5, !#$#%!#-o &u co&#jo"*"

"M'& o '-. +#!- &'!%'% /'-' $!, &''-. $u& #-!%'&, %!c# =#o+5> /o-3u# %#&#c'%'$# ll''-o, %!c!#%o: E&$' #& S!o, %# l' 3u# '%!# &# 'cu#-%'* A& ' %!co =#o+5: #'3u o 'o +ol+#- lo& c'u$!+o& %# l'& $!#%'& %# ='co, %# &u& $!#%'& $#%-.!&#-!co-%!'"M'& o '-. +#!- &'!%'% /'-' $!, &''-. $u& #-!%'&, %!c# =#o+5> /o-3u#%#&#c'%' $# ll''-o, %!c!#%o: E&$' #& S!o, %# l' 3u# '%!# &# 'cu#-%'* A& ' %!co

=#o+5: # '3u o 'o +ol+#- lo& c'u$!+o& %# l'& $!#%'& %# ='co, %# &u& $!#%'&

$#%-. !&#-!co-%!'"* (No$': M!3* K: 1012> =#-* ;0: 1, 1*< )

M 22&#

J@ &# %!-5 # '3u#l %': "# '3u, .&$# #& u#&$-o D!o&,"L# #o& #&/#-'%o, o&&'l+'-5>"E&$# #& =#o+5 ' 3u!# #o& #&/#-'%o,"No& o9'-#o& o& 'l#-'-#o& #&u &'l+'c!"*"

"D#&$-u!-5 ' l' u#-$# /'-' &!#/-#* * * 3u!$'-5 l' '7-#$' %# &u /u#lo %# $o%' l'$!#--'> /o-3u# =#o+5 lo ' %!co"D#&$-u!-5 ' l' u#-$# /'-' &!#/-#* * * 3u!$'-5 l''7-#$' %# &u /u#lo %# $o%' l' $!#--'> /o-3u# =#o+5 lo ' %!co"* (No$': I&'* 2J: , *<)

"M!-' ' S!, c!u%'% %# u#&$-'& 4#&$'& &ol##&P $u& ojo& +#-5 ' =#-u&'l., o-'%'

%# 3u!#$u%, $!#%' 3u# o &#-5 %#&'-'%'* * * 8o-3u# =#o+5 #& u#&$-o ju#9, =#o+5 #&u#&$-o l#!&l'%o-, =#o+5 #& u#&$-o R#"*"M!-' ' S!, c!u%'% %# u#&$-'& 4#&$'&&ol##&P $u& ojo& +#-5 ' =#-u&'l., o-'%' %# 3u!#$u%, $!#%' 3u# o &#-5 %#&'-'%'** * 8o-3u# =#o+5 #& u#&$-o ju#9, =#o+5 #& u#&$-o l#!&l'%o-, =#o+5 #& u#&$-oR#"*I&'* ;;: 2022* (No$': I&'* ;;: 2022*<)

"=u9'-5 co ju&$!c!' ' lo& /o-#&, '-!-5 co #3u!%'% /o- lo& '&o& %# l' $!#--'""=u9'-5 co ju&$!c!' ' lo& /o-#&, '-!-5 co #3u!%'% /o- lo& '&o& %# l' $!#--'" *(No$': I&'* 11: K<)

E$oc#& &# cu/l!-5 #l /-o/&!$o %# D!o&> lo& /-!c!/!o& %# &u -#!o &#-5 o-'%o& /o-



$o%o& lo& 3u# '!$# %#'jo %#l &ol*

"Nuc' 5& &# o!-5 # $u $!#--' +!ol#c!',"Nuc' 5& &# o!-5 # $u $!#--'+!ol#c!',D#&$-ucc! ! 3u#-'$'!#$o # &u $#--!$o-!o,D#&$-ucc! !3u#-'$'!#$o # &u $#--!$o-!o,S!o 3u# ' $u& u-o& ll''-5& S'l+'c!,S!o 3u# ' $u&u-o& ll''-5& S'l+'c!, ' $u& /u#-$'& Al''9'"* ' $u& /u#-$'& Al''9'"*"Co

ju&$!c!' &#-5& '%o-'%'>"Co ju&$!c!' &#-5& '%o-'%'>E&$'-5& l#jo& %# o/-#&!, /o-3u# o$##-5&,E&$'-5& l#jo& %# o/-#&!, /o-3u# o $##-5&, %# $#o-, /o-3u# o &# 'c#-c'-5

' $!" %# $#o-, /o-3u# o &# 'c#-c'-5 ' $!"*1; (No$': I&'* 0: 1> JK:1K*<)Lo& /-o7#$'& ' 3u!##& 7u#-o -#+#l'%'& #&$'& -'%#& #&c#'& '#l'' co/-#%#-&u &!!4c'%o* Ello& "!3u!-!#-o* * * %!l!#$##$#* * * #&cu%-!'%o 3u. /#-&o' 3u.$!#/o !%!c'' #l E&/-!$u %# C-!&$o 3u# #&$'' # #llo&* * * A .&$o& &# l#& -#+#l 3u# o/'-' & !&o&, &!o /'-' o&o$-o&, '%!!&$-'' l'& co&'& 3u# 'o-' o& &o'uc!'%'&* * * co&'& # l'& cu'l#& '#l' !-'- lo& 5#l#&"!3u!-!#-o* * *%!l!#$##$#* * * #&cu%-!'%o 3u. /#-&o' 3u. $!#/o !%!c'' #l E&/-!$u %# C-!&$o3u# #&$'' # #llo&* * * A .&$o& &# l#& -#+#l 3u# o /'-' & !&o&, &!o /'-' o&o$-o&,'%!!&$-'' l'& co&'& 3u# 'o-' o& &o 'uc!'%'&* * * co&'& # l'& cu'l#& '#l'!-'- lo& 5#l#&"* (No$': 1 8#%* 1:1012<)

8'-' o&o$-o&, 3u# #&$'o& 'l o-%# !&o %# &u cu/l!!#$o, %# cu5 /-o7u%'!/o-$'c!', %# cu5 /'l/!$'$# !$#-.&, &o #&$'& %#&c-!/c!o#& %# lo& &uc#&o&+#!%#-o&, 3u# lo& !jo& %# D!o& ' #&/#-'%o, '#l'%o, o-'%o %#&%# 3u# u#&$-o&/-!#-o& /'%-#& &'l!#-o %#l E%.P

E #&$# $!#/o, '$#& %# l' -' c-!&!& 4'l, lo !&o 3u# '$#& %# l' /-!#-'%#&$-ucc! %#l u%o, lo& o-#& #&$5 '&o-$o& # lo& /l'c#-#& o$-'& ocu/'c!o#&3u# '$'# ' lo& &#$!%o&* E'-'%o& /o- lo +!&!l# lo $-'&!$o-!o, ' /#-%!%o %#+!&$' lo !+!&!l# lo #$#-o* S'c-!4c' -!3u#9'& !/#-#c#%#-'& /o- co&'& 3u# /#-#c#co #l u&o* E& #c#&'-!o #l#+'- &u& #$#& '/l!'- &u& coc#/$o& %# l' +!%'* E&#c#&'-!o %#&/#-$'-lo& %#l l#$'-o %#l &u#o u%'o*

N#c#&!$' '/-#%#-, %#l 'c!!#$o l' c'%' %# l'& 'c!o#&, $'l coo lo /-#&#$' l'S'$' E&c-!$u-', %# cu5 /oco +'lo- #& l' lo-!' #6$#-' u%''l* B'!lo!', co $o%o&u /o%#- '!4c#c!', 3u# #l u%o o +ol+! ' co$#/l'- /o%#- '!4c#c!'3u# /'-#c!#-o #&$'l#& %u-'%#-o& ' %#&'/'-#c!%o co/l#$'#$#* ' /#-#c!%o"coo l' ?o- %#l c'/o"* A& /#-#c# $o%o lo 3u# o $!## ' D!o& coo c!!#$o* Slo/u#%# %u-'- lo 3u# #&$5 l!'%o 'l /-o/&!$o %!+!o #6/-#&' #l c'-5c$#- %# D!o&* Su&/-!c!/!o& &o lo !co 4-# 3u# #l u%o cooc#*

E&$'& &o l'& -'%#& +#-%'%#& 3u# $'$o lo& j+##& coo lo& 'c!'o& #c#&!$''/-#%#-* N#c#&!$'o& #&$u%!'- #l cu/l!!#$o %#l /-o/&!$o %# D!o& # l' !&$o-!' %#l'& 'c!o#& # l' -#+#l'c! %# l'& co&'& 7u$u-'&, ' 4 %# /o%#- #&$!'- # &u

+#-%'%#-o +'lo- l'& co&'& +!&!l#& # !+!&!l#&, '/-#%#- cu5l #& #l +#-%'%#-o !%#'l %# l'+!%'> %'- #l u&o 5& ol# '%#cu'%o ' l'& co&'& %#l $!#/o, u' +#9 co&!%#-'%'& ' l'lu9 %# l' #$#-!%'%* D# #&$# o%o, 'l '/-#%#- '3u lo& /-!c!/!o& %# &u -#!o, 'l ll#'-' &#- &u& &%!$o& c!u%'%'o&, /o%-#o& /-#/'-'-o& /'-' #$-'- # /o&#&! %# .lcu'%o #l S#o- +#'*

El %' #&$5 c#-c'* El $!#/o 3u# 3u#%' #& %#'&!'%o -#+# /'-' l'& l#cc!o#& 3u# '3u# '/-#%#-, l' o-' 3u# ' 3u# 'c#-, l' $-'&7o-'c! %#l c'-5c$#- 3u# %###7#c$u'-&#*

M 2;&#

@"!jo %# o-#, # '3u 3u# lo& %# l' c'&' %# I&-'#l %!c#: L' +!&! 3u# .&$# +# #&/'-' %# '3u ' uco& %'&, /'-' l#j'o& $!#/o& /-o7#$!9' .&$#* D!l#&, /o- $'$o: A& '



%!co =#o+5 #l S#o-: No &# $'-%'-5 5& !u' %# !& /'l'-'&, &!o 3u# l' /'l'-'3u# o 'l# &# cu/l!-5, %!c# =#o+5 #l S#o-"*"!jo %# o-#, # '3u 3u# lo& %# l'c'&' %# I&-'#l %!c#: L' +!&! 3u# .&$# +# #& /'-' %# '3u ' uco& %'&, /'-' l#j'o&$!#/o& /-o7#$!9' .&$#* D!l#&, /o- $'$o: A& ' %!co =#o+5 #l S#o-: No &# $'-%'-5 5&!u' %# !& /'l'-'&, &!o 3u# l' /'l'-' 3u# o 'l# &# cu/l!-5, %!c# =#o+5 #lS#o-"*1J (No$': E9#* 12: 2, 2*<)

La Ense:an3a y el Estudio de la Bi!lia

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Cu'%o &# %#&/!#-$# u 'o- +#-%'%#-o /o- l' B!l!', #l #&$u%!'$# #/!#c# ' +#- cu5+'&$o #& #l c'/o cu5 /-#c!o&o &u $#&o-o, %#&#'-5 #c'- 'o %# $o%' o/o-$u!%'%3u# &# l# /-#&#$# /'-' 7'!l!'-!9'-&# co l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&* Su #&$u%!o o &# l!!$'-5 'u $!#/o u lu'- %#$#-!'%o&* #&$# #&$u%!o co$!uo #& uo %# lo& #jo-#&

#%!o& %# cul$!+'- #l 'o- 'c!' l'& E&c-!$u-'&* El #&$u%!'$# %##-' $##- &!#/-#co&!o l' B!l!'* S! $#.!& u' o/o-$u!%'%, l##% u $#6$o #%!$'% # .l* M!#$-'&'%5!& /o- l' c'll#, #&/#-5!& # l' #&$'c! %#l 7#--oc'--!l, o # #l lu'- %# u' c!$','/-o+#c'% l' o/o-$u!%'% %# '%3u!-!- 'l /#&'!#$o %#l $#&o-o %# l' +#-%'%*

L'& -'%#& 7u#-9'& o$-!c#& %#l 'l' &o l' 7#, l' #&/#-'9' #l 'o-> ' #ll'& &#%!-!# #l #&$u%!o %# l' B!l!', #co %#!%'#$#* L' #-o&u-' #6$#-!o- %# l'&E&c-!$u-'&, l' #ll#9' %# l'& !5##& l' #6/-#&!, o #& &!o #l #'-c#, /o- '&%#c!-lo, %# &u +#-%'%#-' jo': L' #ll#9' %# l' &'$!%'%* E l' !&$o-!' 3u# o7-#c# %# lo&o-#& 3u# '%u+!#-o co D!o&, /o%#o& +#- 7ulo-#& %# &u lo-!'* E #l 3u# #& "%#l$o%o ''l#" co$#/l'o& ' A3u#l %# 3u!# $o%' l' #ll#9' %#l c!#lo %# l' $!#--' o

#& 5& 3u# u /5l!%o -#?#jo* " o, &! 7u#-# l#+'$'%o %# l' $!#--', " o, &! 7u#-#l#+'$'%o %# l' $!#--', %!jo, ' $o%o& '$-'#-. ' !&o", ' $o%o& '$-'#-. ' !&o"*A #%!%' 3u# #l #&$u%!'$# %# l' B!l!' co$#/l' 'l R#%#$o-, &# %#&/!#-$' # #l 'l'#l !&$#-!o&o /o%#- %# l' 7#, l' '%o-'c! #l 'o-* L' !-'%' &# 4j' # l' +!&! %#C-!&$o #l 3u# o&#-+' &# '&##j' c'%' +#9 5& ' lo 3u# '%o-'* L'& /'l'-'& %#l'/&$ol 8'lo ll#' ' &#- #l l#u'j# %#l 'l': " c!#-$'#$#, ' #&$!o $o%'& l'&co&'& coo /.-%!%' /o- l' #6c#l#c!' %#l cooc!!#$o %# C-!&$o =#&&, ! S#o-* * * ' 4%# cooc#-l#, #l /o%#- %# &u -#&u--#cc!, l' /'-$!c!/'c! %# &u& /'%#c!!#$o&,ll#'%o ' &#- &##j'$# ' .l # &u u#-$#" c!#-$'#$#, ' #&$!o $o%'& l'& co&'&coo /.-%!%' /o- l' #6c#l#c!' %#l cooc!!#$o %# C-!&$o =#&&, ! S#o-* * * ' 4 %#cooc#-l#, #l /o%#- %# &u -#&u--#cc!, l' /'-$!c!/'c! %# &u& /'%#c!!#$o&,



ll#'%o ' &#- &##j'$# ' .l # &u u#-$#"* (No$': =u' 12: ;2*<F!l* ;: 10*<)S 2&

#@ Lo& ''$!'l#& %# /'9 o9o c#l#&$!'l '!#-$o& # #l 'l' /o- l'& /'l'-'& %# l'I&/!-'c!, &# co+#-$!-5 # u -o /o%#-o&o %# !?u#c!' #%!$' /'-' $o%o& lo& 3u# &#/o' ' &u 'lc'c#* Co+!.-$'&# lo& j+##& %# o %', lo& j+##& 3u# c-#c# co l'B!l!' # l' 'o, # -#c#/$o-#& $-'&!&o-#& %# &u ##-' +!+!4c'%o-', ?u!-5 'c!'#l u%o co--!#$#& %# #%!c!> !?u#c!'& cuo /o%#- /'-' &''- co&ol'- '/#'&/o%#o& coc#!-, u -o %# 'u' +!+' " 3u# -o$# /'-' +!%' #$#-'"*"

"A'%o, o %#&#o 3u# $ &#'& /-o&/#-'%o # $o%'& l'& co&'& 3u# $#'& &'lu%, '&coo /-o&/#-' $u 'l'"*"El Estudio de la Fisiología

"A&o-o&' '-'+!llo&'#$# # &!%o 7o-'%o" (VM)*"

"8UESTO 3u# l' #$# #l 'l' 'll' #6/-#&! /o- #%!o %#l cu#-/o, $'$o #l +!o-#$'l coo #l #&/!-!$u'l %#/#%# # -' /'-$# %# l' 7u#-9' l' 'c$!+!%'% 7&!c'&> $o%olo 3u# /-ou#+' l' &'lu% 7&!c', /-ou#+# #l %#&'--ollo %# u' #$# 7u#-$# uc'-5c$#- #3u!l!-'%o* S! &'lu%, '%!# /u#%# co/-#%#- # 7o-' cl'-' ! cu/l!-co/l#$'#$# &u& ol!'c!o#& 'c!' & !&o, &u& &##j'$#&, o &u C-#'%o-* D#!#-'

cu!%'-&#, /o- lo $'$o, $' 4#l#$# l' &'lu% coo #l c'-5c$#-* El cooc!!#$o %# l'4&!olo' l' !!## %##-' &#- l' '&# %# $o%o #&7u#-9o #%uc'$!+o*"

"Au3u# #&$5 $' %!7u%!%o #l cooc!!#$o %# lo& #co& 4&!ol!co&, &# o$' u''l'-'$# !%!7#-#c!' 'c!' lo& /-!c!/!o& !!.!co&* A #$-# lo& 3u# cooc# #&o&/-!c!/!o&, /oco& &o lo& 3u# lo& /o# # /-5c$!c'* S# &!u# $' c!#'#$# #l !/ul&oo l' !cl!'c!, coo &! l' +!%' 7u#-' -#!%' /o- l' #-' c'&u'l!%'%, 5& !# 3u# /o-l##& %#4!%'& # !+'-!'l#&*"

"L' ju+#$u%, 3u# #&$5 # l' 7-#&cu-' #l +!&o- %# l' +!%', &# /#-c'$' /oco %#l +'lo- %# &u'u%'$# ##-'* Co cu5$' l!#-#9' co&!%#-' u $#&o-o 5& /-#c!o&o 3u# #l o-o,5& #&#c!'l /'-' #l /-o-#&o 3u# #l &'#-, l' 'lcu-!' o l'& -!3u#9'&P Co 3u.

/-#c!/!$'c! lo %#&/!l7'--'P Cu5$o& ' 3u#, '!#%o &'c-!4c'%o l' &'lu% # l' luc'/o- o$##- -!3u#9'& o /o%#-, cu'%o #&$5 ' /u$o %# lo-'- #l " oj#$o %# &u %#&#o,c'# !/o$#$#&, !#$-'& 3u# o$-o, /o&##%o- %# u' -#&!&$#c!' 7&!c' &u/#-!o-, &#'/-o/!' %#l '#l'%o /-#!oP Cu5$o& &o lo& 3u#, ' c'u&' %# co%!c!o#& o-o&'&,co&#cu#c!' %#l %#&cu!%o %# l'& l##& %# l' !!##, ' '%3u!-!%o 'l'& co&$u-#&, ' &'c-!4c'%o $o%' #&/#-'9' /'-' #&$# u%o #l +#!%#-oP"

"Al #&$u%!'- 4&!olo', %##-' #&#'-&# ' lo& 'luo& ' '/-#c!'- #l +'lo- %# l' ##-'7&!c', co &# l' /u#%# co&#-+'- %#&'--oll'- /'-' 3u# co$-!u' # #l 'o- -'%o/o&!l# 'l .6!$o # l' -' luc' %# l' +!%'*"

"M#%!'$# l#cc!o#& &#c!ll'& 75c!l#& &# %##-' #&#'- ' lo& !o&, %#&%# &u&/-!#-o& 'o&, lo& -u%!#$o& %# l' 4&!olo' l' !!##* E&$' o-' l' %##-' #/#9'-l' '%-# # #l o'-, l' %##-' co$!u'- 4#l#$# l' #&cu#l'* A #%!%' 3u# l' #%'%%# lo& 'luo& 'u#$#, &# %##-' &#u!- !&$-u.%olo& # #&# -'o, '&$' 3u# #&$.c'/'c!$'%o& /'-' cu!%'- %# l' c'&' # l' cu'l +!+#* D##-' co/-#%#- l' !/o-$'c!'3u# $!## #l #+!$'- l'& #7#-#%'%#& #%!'$# l' co&#-+'c! %#l +!o- %# c'%' -'o, $'!. &# l#& %##-' #&#'- ' 'c$u'- # c'&o %# #7#-#%'%#& cou#& 'cc!%#$#&* E $o%' #&cu#l' &# %##-' #&#'- 4&!olo' # !!##, # cu'$o 7u#&#/o&!l# &# %##-' /-o+##- '$#-!'l /'-' !lu&$-'- l' #&$-uc$u-' %#l cu#-/o, &u #/l#o cu!%'%o*"



"E #l #&$u%!o %# l' 4&!olo' o &# !clu# /o- lo ##-'l 'luo& '&u$o& 3u# %##-'co&!%#-'-&#, 3u# &o %# 'o- +'lo- /'-' #l #&$u%!'$# 3u# uco& %#$'ll#& $.c!co&3u# co#$# &# #&#' 'jo #&# $$ulo* Coo /-!c!/!o 7u%'#$'l %# $o%' l'#%uc'c! co--#&/o%!#$# ' #&$# -'o, &# %##-' #&#'- ' lo& j+##& 3u# l'& l##&%# l' '$u-'l#9' &o l##& %# D!o&, $' c!#-$'#$# %!+!'& coo lo& /-#c#/$o& %#lD#c5loo* El S#o- ' #&c-!$o # c'%' #-+!o, &culo 4-' %#l cu#-/o l'& l##& " 3u#o!#-' u#&$-o o-'!&o* To%' +!ol'c! %# #&'& l##&, co#$!%' /o- %#&cu!%o o co/-##%!$'c!, #& u /#c'%o co$-' u#&$-o C-#'%o-*"

"Cu5 #c#&'-!o #&, /u#&, 3u# &# !/'-$' u cooc!!#$o co/l#$o %# #&$'& l##&P S#%##-' /-#&$'- uco 'o- '$#c! %# l' 3u# co#$# &# coc#%# ' lo&/-!c!/!o& %# !!## 3u# &# '/l!c' 'l -.!# 'l!#$'-lo, 'l #j#-c!c!o, 'l cu!%'%o %# lo&!o&, 'l $-'$'!#$o %# lo& #7#-o& ' uco& '&u$o& &##j'$#&*"

"S# %##-' %'- -#'lc# ' l' !?u#c!' 3u# $!## l' #$# &o-# #l cu#-/o .&$# &o-#'3u.ll'* L' ##-' #l.c$-!c' %#l c#-#-o, 'u#$'%' /o- l' 'c$!+!%'% #$'l, +!$'l!9'$o%o #l o-'!&o, #& %# 'u%' !'/-#c!'l# /'-' -#&!&$!- l' #7#-#%'%* D##-'#6/l!c'-&# !# #&$# /u$o* T'!. &# %##-' /-#&#$'- #l /o%#- %# l' +olu$'% l'!/o-$'c!' %#l %o!!o /-o/!o, $'$o # l' co&#-+'c! %# l' &'lu% coo # &u-#cu/#-'c!, coo '&!!&o #l #7#c$o %#/-#&!+o '&$' -u!o&o %# l' !-', #l

%#&co$#$o, #l #o&o o l' !/u-#9' , /o- o$-' /'-$#, #l '-'+!llo&o /o%#- +!+!4c'%o-3u# &# #cu#$-' # l' 'l#-', l' '#'c! l' -'$!$u%*"

D 2&#

0@ ' # l' E&c-!$u-' u' +#-%'% -#l'$!+' ' l' 4&!olo' 3u# #c#&!$'o& co&!%#-'-:' # l' E&c-!$u-' u' +#-%'% -#l'$!+' ' l' 4&!olo' 3u# #c#&!$'o& co&!%#-'-: "Elco-'9 'l#-# co&$!$u# u# -##%!o"El co-'9 'l#-# co&$!$u# u# -##%!o"*"$u co-'9 u'-%# !& '%'!#$o& " $u co-'9 u'-%# !& '%'!#$o& %!c#D!o&> /o-3u# l'-u-' %# %'& 'o& %# +!%' /'9 $# 'u#$'-5"* "8o-3u# &o +!%' 'lo& 3u# l'& 'll', #%!c!' ' $o%o &u cu#-/o"* "8''l %# !#l &o lo& %!co& &u'+#&>&u'+!%'% 'l 'l' #%!c!' /'-' lo& u#&o&"*> /o-3u# l'-u-' %# %'& 'o& %# +!%' /'9 $# 'u#$'-5"* "8o-3u# &o +!%' ' lo& 3u# l'& 'll', #%!c!' ' $o%o &u cu#-/o"*"8''l %# !#l &o lo& %!co& &u'+#&> &u'+!%'% 'l 'l' #%!c!' /'-' lo& u#&o&"*8-o+*;: 1, 2> K: 22> 1: 2K* (No$': 8-o+* 1: 22*<8-o+* ;: 1, 2> K: 22> 1: 2K*<)

Lo& j+##& #c#&!$' co/-#%#- l' /-o7u%' +#-%'% 7u%'#$'l %# l' %#cl'-'c!l!c' &# l' cu'l co D!o& "#&$5 #l ''$!'l %# l' +!%'"#&$5 #l ''$!'l %# l' +!%'"*No &lo #& #l C-#'%o- %# $o%o, &!o l' +!%' %# $o%o lo +!+!#$#* E& &u +!%' l' 3u#-#c!!o& # l' lu9 %#l &ol, # #l '!-# /u-o &u'+#, # #l 'l!#$o 3u# 1 7o-$!4c'u#&$-o& cu#-/o& &o&$!## u#&$-' 7u#-9'* 8o- &u +!%' #6!&$!o& o-' $-'& o-',o#$o $-'& o#$o* A #o& 3u# '' &!%o /#-+#-$!%o&, $o%o& &u& %o#& $!#%#' l' +!%', l' &'lu% #l o9o* (No$': S'l* ;: *<)

"To%o lo !9o #-o&o # &u $!#/o" &# o$#%-5 l' +#-%'%#-' #ll#9' o #c'%o '/#-%#- l' o-' %# D!o&, &!o '-o!95%ol' co l'& l##& %# A3u#l 3u# c-# $o%'& l'&

co&'& 3u# &# co/l'c# # &u #ll#9' /#-7#cc!*

Cu'%o &# #&$u%!' #l #c'!&o %#l cu#-/o, &# %##-' %!-!!- l' '$#c! ' &u'-'+!llo&' '%'/$'c! %# lo& #%!o& 'l 4, ' l' '-o!o&' 'cc! %#/#%#c!' %# lo&%!7#-#$#& -'o&* U' +#9 3u# &# ' %#&/#-$'%o #l !$#-.& %#l #&$u%!'$# &# l# '#co +#- l' !/o-$'c!' %# l' cul$u-' 7&!c', #l '#&$-o /u#%# 'c#- uco /'-'o$##- #l %#!%o %#&'--ollo 7o-'- 5!$o& co--#c$o&*

E$-# l'& /-!#-'& co&'& 3u# &# %##-' $-'$'- %# lo-'-, 4u-' l' /o&$u-' co--#c$', $'$ocu'%o &# #&$5 &#$'%o coo %# /!#* D!o& !9o 'l o-# #-u!%o %#&#' 3u. o$#'o &lo ##4c!o 7&!co, &!o #$'l o-'l, coo '&!!&o l' -'c!', l' %!!%'%, #l



'/loo, #l +'lo- l' co4'9' # &! !&o 3u# $!#%# ' /-o%uc!- #&' /o&$u-'* E&###&$o #l '#&$-o /o- /-#c#/$o /o- #j#/lo* Mu.&$-#&# # 3u. co&!&$# u' /o&$u-'#-u!%' # !&&$'&# # 3u# &# '$#'*

S!u# # !/o-$'c!' ' l' /o&$u-' co--#c$' l' -#&/!-'c! l' cul$u-' +oc'l* E& 5&/-o'l# 3u# -#&/!-# co--#c$'#$# '3u#l 3u# &# '$!## #-u!%o cu'%o #&$5 &#$'%oo %# /!#* 8#-o #l '#&$-o %##-' !culc'- # lo& 'luo& l' !/o-$'c!' %# l' -#&/!-'c!/-o7u%'* Mu.&$-#&# co l' 'cc! &'' %# lo& -'o& -#&/!-'$o-!o&, 3u# 'u%' ' l'

c!-cul'c! %# l' &'-#, +!o-!9' $o%o #l o-'!&o, %#&/!#-$' #l '/#$!$o, /-ou#+# l'%!#&$!, /-o%uc# u &u#o &'o %ulc#, %# #&# o%o o &lo l# %' %#&c'&o 'lcu#-/o, &!o 3u# c'l' &!-+# %# &#%'$# ' l' #$#* Al !&o $!#/o 3u# &# u#&$-'l' !/o-$'c!' %# l' -#&/!-'c! /-o7u%', %##-' !&!&$!#&# # 3u# &# l' /-'c$!3u#*5'&# #j#-c!c!o& 3u# l' #&$!ul# 'l !&o $!#/o $-5$#&# %# 7o-'- #l 5!$o*

L' cul$u-' %# l' +o9 ocu/' u lu'- !/o-$'$# # l' cul$u-' 7&!c', /u#&$o 3u# $!#%# '%!l'$'- 7o-$'l#c#- lo& /ulo#&, 'l#j'- '& l' #7#-#%'%* 8'-' co&#u!- u'7o-'c! co--#c$', $'$o # l' l#c$u-' coo # l' co+#-&'c!, cu%#&# 3u# lo&&culo& '%o!'l#& $#' l!#-$'% %# o+!!#$o& 'l -#&/!-'-, 3u# lo& -'o&-#&/!-'$o-!o& o #&$. o/-!!%o&* L' /-#&! %##-' #j#-c#-&# &o-# lo& &culo& %#l'%o# 5& 3u# &o-# lo& %# l' '-'$'* D# #&# o%o &# #+!$'-5 3u# .&$' &# 7'$!u#,

3u# &# #7#-# -'+##$#* D## /-ocu-'-&# co cu!%'%o u' /-ouc!'c! cl'-',co $oo& &u'+#& !# o%ul'%o& co u' 7o-' %# #6/-#&'-&# 3u# o &#' u-5/!%'* E&$o o &lo #&$!ul'-5 l' &'lu%, &!o 3u# co$-!u!-5 # -' #%!%' ' 3u# &#'5& '-'%'l# #4c'9 l' $'-#' %#l #&$u%!'$#*

L' #&#'9' %# #&$'& co&'& /-o/o-c!o' u' 5u-#' o/o-$u!%'% /'-' %#o&$-'- lo #c!o 'lo 3u# #& #l u&o %# 7'j'& 3u# o/-!# l' c!$u-', cu'l3u!#- o$-' co&$u-# 3u#-#&$-!j' l' 'cc! +!$'l* L'& o%'& 'l&''& %' /o- -#&ul$'%o u' &#-!# c'&!!$#-!'l# %# #7#-#%'%#&, %##-' %'-&# cu!%'%o&' !&$-ucc! co -#&/#c$o '#&$# '&u$o* 5'&# co/-#%#- ' lo& 'luo& #l /#l!-o %# /#-!$!- 3u# l' -o/' cu#lu#%# l'& c'%#-'& u o/-!' cu'l3u!#- -'o %#l cu#-/o* S# %##-' ll#+'- +#&$!%o& 3u#/#-!$' -#&/!-'- l!-##$# l#+'$'- &! %!4cul$'% lo& -'9o& /o- #c!' %# l' c'#9'*

L' o/-#&! %# lo& /ulo#& o &lo !/!%# &u %#&'--ollo, &!o 3u# #&$o-' #l /-oc#&o %#l' %!#&$! l' c!-cul'c!, %#!l!$'%o '& $o%o #l cu#-/o* To%'& #&$'& co&$u-#&#o&c'' l' 7u#-9' 7&!c' #$'l, #&$o-' #l /-o-#&o %#l 'luo, /-!+5%olo '#u%o %#l .6!$o*

L 2&#

1@ E #l #&$u%!o %# l' !!##, #l '#&$-o coc!#9u%o '/-o+#c'-5 $o%' o/o-$u!%'%/o&!l# /'-' o&$-'- l' #c#&!%'% %# u' /#-7#c$' /u-#9', $'$o %# l'& co&$u-#&/#-&o'l#& coo %#l '!#$# # 3u# uo +!+#* D##-' %'-&# .7'&!& 'l +'lo- %#l 'o%!'-!o coo #&$!ul'$# /'-' l' &'lu% l' 'cc! #$'l* T'!. %##-' /-#&$'-&#'$#c! ' l' lu9 &ol'- ' l' +#$!l'c!, ' l' !!## %#l %o-!$o-!o %# l' coc!'*E&.#&# ' lo& 'luo& 3u# u %o-!$o-!o 3u# -#' $o%'& l'& co%!c!o#& !!.!c'&,

u' coc!' l!/!' u' #&' '--#l'%' co u&$o &'lu%'l##$# /-o+!&$',co$-!u!-5 5& /'-' lo-'- l' 7#l!c!%'% %# l' 7'!l!' #l '/-#c!o %# cu'l3u!#- +!&!$'&#&'$', 3u# u co&$o&o ju#o %# u#l#& 3u# '%o-# l' &'l'* No #& #o& #c#&'-!''o-' 3u# cu'%o 7u# #&#'%' 'c# !l ococ!#$o& 'o& #&$' l#cc! %#l M'#&$-o%!+!o: "L' +!%' #& 5& 3u# l' co!%', #l cu#-/o 3u# #l +#&$!%o"L' +!%' #& 5& 3u# l'co!%', #l cu#-/o 3u# #l +#&$!%o"* (No$': Luc* 12: 2;*<)

El #&$u%!'$# %# 4&!olo' %##-' '/-#%#- 3u# #l oj#$o %# &u #&$u%!o o co&!&$#&ol'#$# # o$##- u cooc!!#$o %# #co& /-!c!/!o&* E&$# &olo %'-' /oco##4c!o* 8u#%# &#- 3u# co/-#%' l' !/o-$'c!' %# l' +#$!l'c!> &u /!#9' /u#%#$##- '!-# /u-o, /#-o ' #o& 3u# ll## %#!%'#$# &u& /ulo#&, &u7-!-5 lo&



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La .emperancia y el R1gimen &limentario

"To%o '3u#l 3u# luc', %# $o%o &# '&$!##"*"

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EL R;GIME' &LIME'.&RI# * EL %E$&RR#LL# ME'.&L

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co&$'$##$#, o& ' %o$'%o %# u /o%#- 3u# o #& #$#-'#$# %!7#-#$# %#l &uo*S# o& ' coc#%!%o c!#-$o %o!!o &o-# l'& 7u#-9'& %# l' '$u-'l#9'* T'l coo D!o&&'c %#l c'o& l' $!#--' co $o%' &u #ll#9', o&o$-o& /o%#o& #6$-'#- /o%#- #ll#9' %#l' co7u&!* 'u3u# $o%'& l'& co&'& #&$5 'o-' 'c!ll'%'& /o- #l /#c'%o, &#$!o&,&! #'-o, cu'%o $#-!'o& 'lo, u o9o &##j'$# 'l %# D!o& cu'%o, 'lco$#/l'- l' #-o&' $!#--', %!jo 3u# $o%o #-' "u#o # -' '#-'"*"

E ##-'l /o%#o& %#c!- 3u# #l #j#-c!c!o 5& #.4co /'-' l' ju+#$u% #& #l $-''jo$!l* El !o 'll' # #l ju#o ' l' +#9 %!+#-&! %#&'--ollo, &u& %#/o-$#& %##-' &#-

%# $'l '$u-'l#9' 3u# /-oo+!#-' o &lo &u c-#c!!#$o 7&!co, &!o $'!. #l #$'l #l #&/!-!$u'l* Cu'%o 'u#$' &u 7u#-9' &u !$#l!#c!', &u #jo- -#c-#'c! l'#co$-'-5 # 'l #&7u#-9o $!l* Lo 3u# '%!#&$-' l' 'o /'-' l' l'o- $!l, #&#' 'l

jo+# ' '&u!- l'& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& %# l' +!%', #& &u'#$# #4c'9 /'-' /-oo+#- #l%#&'--ollo %# l' #$# #l c'-5c$#-*

E& #c#&'-!o #&#'- ' lo& j+##& 3u# l' +!%' !/l!c' $-''jo &#-!o, -#&/o&'!l!%'%,/-#ocu/'c!* N#c#&!$' u' /-#/'-'c! 3u# l#& %. &#$!%o /-5c$!co, 3u# '' %# #llo&o-#& uj#-#& c'/'c#& %# 'c#- 7-#$# ' l'& ##-#c!'&* D##-' #&#5-&#l#&3u# l' %!&c!/l!' %#l $-''jo &!&$#5$!co !# -#ul'%o #& #&#c!'l o &lo coo&'l+'u'-%!' co$-' l'& +!c!&!$u%#& %# l' +!%', &!o coo #%!o /'-' lo-'- u %#&'--ollo



co/l#$o*

A /#&'- %# $o%o lo 3u# &# ' %!co #&c-!$o 'c#-c' %# l' %!!%'% %#l $-''jo, /-#+'l#c#l' !%#' %# 3u# #& %#-'%'$#* Lo& j+##& '#l' &#- '#&$-o&, #/l#'%o&,co#-c!'$#&, .%!co& 'o'%o&, u ocu/'- 'l o$-o /u#&$o 3u# o -#3u!#-' $-''jo7&!co* L'& j+##& #+!$' lo& 3u#'c#-#& %o.&$!co& $-'$' %# /-#/'-'-&# /'-' o$-'co&'* N#c#&!$' '/-#%#- 3u# #l $-''jo o-'%o o %#-'%' 21 ' '%!#* Lo 3u#%#-'%' #& l' oc!o&!%'% l' %#/#%#c!' #o&$'* L' oc!o&!%'% 7o#$' l' co/l'c#c!'

/-o/!' %' coo -#&ul$'%o u' +!%' +'c' #&$.-!l, u $#--#o /-o/!c!o /'-' #l %#&'--ollo%# $o%' cl'&# %# 'l* "8o-3u# l' $!#--' 3u# ## l' llu+!' 3u# uc'& +#c#& c'# &o-##ll', /-o%uc# !#-' /-o+#co&' ' '3u#llo& /o- lo& cu'l#& #& l'-'%', -#c!# #%!c!%# D!o&> /#-o l' 3u# /-o%uc# #&/!o& '-ojo& #& -#/-o'%', #&$5 /-6!' ' &#-'l%#c!%', &u 4 #& #l &#- 3u#'%'"8o-3u# l' $!#--' 3u# ## l' llu+!' 3u# uc'&+#c#& c'# &o-# #ll', /-o%uc# !#-' /-o+#co&' ' '3u#llo& /o- lo& cu'l#& #& l'-'%',-#c!# #%!c! %# D!o&> /#-o l' 3u# /-o%uc# #&/!o& '-ojo& #& -#/-o'%', #&$5/-6!' ' &#- 'l%#c!%', &u 4 #& #l &#- 3u#'%'"* (No$': #* : ,*<)

Muc'& '$#-!'& 3u# co&u# #l $!#/o %#l 'luo, o &o #&#c!'l#& /'-' l' u$!l!%'%! l' 7#l!c!%'%> # c'!o #& #&#c!'l 3u# $o%o jo+# &# 7'!l!'-!c# co lo& %##-#& %# l'+!%' %!'-!'* S! 7u#-' #c#&'-!o, u' jo+# /o%-' /-#&c!%!- %#l cooc!!#$o %#l 7-'c.&

%#l 5l#-', o '&$' %#l /!'o, /#-o #& !%!&/#&'l# 3u# '/-#%' ' 'c#- u# /',+#&$!%o& 3u# l# &!#$# !# %#&#/#'- #4c!#$##$# lo& %!+#-&o& %##-#& -#l'$!+o&'l o'-*

8'-' l' &'lu% l' 7#l!c!%'% %# $o%' l' 7'!l!', '%' #& %# $' +!$'l !/o-$'c!' coo l'%#&$-#9' l' !$#l!#c!' %# l' coc!#-'* S! &u& co!%'& #&$5 'l /-#/'-'%'& &o'l&''&, /o%-' !/#%!- '&$' '--u!'- $'$o l' u$!l!%'% %#l '%ul$o coo #l %#&'--ollo%#l !o* 8#-o &! /-o/o-c!o' 'l!#$o& '%'/$'%o& ' l'& #c#&!%'%#& %#l o-'!&o, 3u# ' l' +#9 &#' '$-'c$!+o& &'-o&o&, /u#%# 'c#- $'$o !#, coo 'c' 'l %# l'o$-' '#-'* D# o%o 3u#, # uco& &#$!%o&, l' 7#l!c!%'% %#/#%# %# l' 4%#l!%'% co3u# &# %#&#/#' lo& %##-#& cou#& %# l' +!%'*

8u#&$o 3u# $'$o lo& o-#& coo l'& uj#-#& ocu/' &u lu'- # #l o'-, lo& !o& l'& !'& %##-' &'#- # 3u. co&!&$# lo& %##-#& %o.&$!co&* T#%#- l'& c''&,o-%#'- l' /!#9', l'+'- l' lo9', /-#/'-'- l' co!%', l'+'- -##%'- l' -o/' &o'c$!+!%'%#& 3u#, coo #%uc'c!, o #o&c'' l' +!-!l!%'% %# ! uc'co> lo'-5 5& 7#l!9 5& $!l* &! l'& !'&, ' &u +#9, /u%!#-' '/-#%#- ' #&!ll'- co%uc!-u c''llo, '#j'- #l &#--uco #l '-$!llo, lo !&o 3u# #l -'&$-!llo l' '9'%',#&$'-' #jo- /-#/'-'%'& /'-' 'c#- 7-#$# ' l'& ##-#c!'& %# l' +!%'*

A/-#%' lo& !o& lo& j+##&, #%!'$# #l #&$u%!o %# l' B!l!', co ' o-'%o D!o&#l $-''jo %#l o-#-o* L#' 'c#-c' %# lo& "!jo& %# lo& /-o7#$'&"!jo& %# lo& /-o7#$'&"2R#* : 1* 3u# '&!&$' ' l' #&cu#l' co&$-u#-o u' c'&' /'-' &u u&o, /'-'

3u!##& &# !9o u !l'-o ' 4 %# -#cu/#-'- u 'c' /-#&$'%'* L#' 'c#-c' %# =#&&,#l c'-/!$#-o> %# 8'lo, #l 7'-!c'$# %# $!#%'&* Al $-''jo %#l '-$#&'o u' #l!!&$#-!o &u/#-!o-, u'o %!+!o* L#' 'c#-c' %#l uc'co 3u# /-o+# lo& c!co/'#& u&'%o& /o- =#&& # #l '-'+!llo&o !l'-o %# l' 'l!#$'c! %# l' ul$!$u%> %#Do-c'&, l' co&$u-#-', -#&uc!$'%' ' 4 %# 3u# &!u!#-' 'c!#%o -o/' /'-' lo& /o-#&> %#l' uj#- &'!' %#&c-!$' # 8-o+#-!o&, 3u# "u&c' l'' l!o, co +olu$'% $-''j' co&u& 'o&"u&c' l'' l!o, co +olu$'% $-''j' co &u& 'o&"> 3u# "%' co!%' '&u 7'!l!' -'c! ' &u& c-!'%'&"%' co!%' ' &u 7'!l!' -'c! ' &u& c-!'%'&"> 3u#"/l'$' +!'* * * #&7u#-9' &u& -'9o&"/l'$' +!'* * * #&7u#-9' &u& -'9o&"> 3u# "'l'-'&u 'o 'l /o-#, #6$!#%# &u& 'o& 'l ##&$#-o&o"'l'-' &u 'o 'l /o-#, #6$!#%# &u& 'o& 'l ##&$#-o&o"> 3u# "co&!%#-' lo& c'!o& %# &u c'&', o co#



#l /' %# 'l%#"co&!%#-' lo& c'!o& %# &u c'&', o co# #l /' %# 'l%#"* (No$': 2R#* : 1*<8-o+* ;1: 1;, 1J, 1, 20, 2*<)

D K oc @ D!o& %!c# %# #&' uj#-: "E&' &#-5 'l''%'* D'%l# #l 7-u$o %# &u& 'o&, 'l5#l'# l'& /u#-$'& %# &u& #co&" "E&' &#-5 'l''%'* D'%l# #l 7-u$o %# &u& 'o&, 'l5#l'# l'& /u#-$'& %# &u& #co&"* (No$': 8-o+* ;1: ;0, ;1*<)

El o'- %##-' &#- l' /-!#-' #&cu#l' !%u&$-!'l %# $o%o !o* , $'$o coo &#'

/o&!l#, $o%' #&cu#l' %##-' %!&/o#- %# #%!o& /'-' /-o/o-c!o'- u' #%uc'c!'u'l* E&' #%uc'c! -##/l'9'-5 # -' #%!%' 'l !'&!o, co #l ##4c!o'%!c!o'l %# co&$!$u!- u' +'l!o&' %!&c!/l!'*

L' #%uc'c! 'u'l #-#c# 5& '$#c! %# l' 3u# &# l# ' /-#&$'%o* S# %##-''-!- #&cu#l'& 3u#, '%#5& %# /-o/o-c!o'- u' cul$u-' #$'l o-'l &u/#-!o-,%!&/o' %# lo& #jo-#& #%!o& /o&!l#& /'-' #l %#&'--ollo 7&!co l' c'/'c!$'c!!%u&$-!'l* S# %##-' #&#'- '-!cul$u-', $-''jo& 'u'l#& $'$o& o4c!o& $!l#& coo&#' /o&!l#, #coo' %o.&$!c', '-$# cul!'-!o, co&$u-', co7#cc! %# -o/' !!.!c',$-'$'!#$o& ' #7#-o& o$-'& co&'& /'-#c!%'&* S# %##-' %!&/o#- %# j'-%!#&,$'ll#-#& &'l'& %# $-'$'!#$o&, l' %!-#cc! %#l $-''jo, # $o%o& lo& -'o&, %##-'#&$'- ' c'-o %# !&$-uc$o-#& #6/#-$o&*

El $-''jo %##-' $##- u /-o/&!$o %#4!%o %#!#-' &#- !# #co* Au3u# $o%o&#c#&!$' cooc#- +'-!o& o4c!o&, #& !%!&/#&'l# &#- +#-&'%o ' lo #o& # uo* To%o

jo+#, 'l &'l!- %# l' #&cu#l', %#!#-' '#- '/-#%!%o 'l o4c!o u ocu/'c! #%!'$##l cu'l, &! 7u#-' #c#&'-!o, &# /u%!#&# ''- l' +!%'*

L' oj#c! 3u# /o- lo ##-'l &# l#+'$' # co$-' %# l' c'/'c!$'c! !%u&$-!'l # l'&#&cu#l'&, #& l' %#l -' '&$o 3u# oc'&!o'* 8#-o #l oj#$o 3u# &# 3u!#-# 'lc'9'- +'l# lo3u# cu#&$'* N!u' $'-#' 3u# &# o& '' #co#%'%o #& $' !/o-$'$# coo l' %#l' #%uc'c! %# lo& j+##&, $o%' !+#-&! 3u# -#3u!#-' &u co--#c$' -#'l!9'c! &#-5%!#-o !# #/l#'%o*

Iclu&o %#&%# #l /u$o %# +!&$' 4'c!#-o, 3u#%'-5 %#o&$-'%o 3u# l' !+#-&!-#3u#-!%' /o- l' #%uc'c! 'u'l #& +#-%'%#-' #coo'* -'c!'& ' #ll', c'$!%'% %#uc'co& %#j'-' %# /#-%#- #l $!#/o # l'& #&3u!'& o l'& $'#-'&> lo 3u# cu#&$#lo& j'-%!#&, $'ll#-#& 'o& &#-' 5& 3u# co/#&'%o /o- #l 'o--o # o&/!$'l#& -#7o-'$o-!o&* G 3u!. /u#%# c'lcul'- #l +'lo- 3u# $!## /'-' l' &oc!#%'% l' 'c!lo& j+##& 3u# '%3u!#-# 5!$o& %# l'o-!o&!%'% ll#' ' &#- 5!l#& # 'c$!+!%'%#&$!l#& /-o%uc$!+'&H

8'-' '?oj'- l' $#&! /-o+oc'%' /o- #l #&$u%!o, l'& 'c$!+!%'%#& -#'l!9'%'& 'l '!-# l!-#,3u# /-o/o-c!o' #j#-c!c!o ' $o%o #l cu#-/o, &o u #.4c'&* N! $!/o %# $-''jo'u'l #& %# 5& +'lo- 3u# l' '-!cul$u-'* S# %##-' 'c#- 5& %# lo 3u# &# 'c# /'-'

c-#'- #l !$#-.& /o- l'& $'-#'& '-col'&, /'-' '&#$'-lo* Ll'# #l '#&$-o l' '$#c!'c!' lo 3u# l' B!l!' %!c# # cu'$o ' l' '-!cul$u-', #& ' &'#-, 3u# #-' #l /l' %# D!o&3u# #l o-# l'-'-' l' $!#--'> 3u# 'l /-!#- o-#, o#-'$# %# $o%o #l u%o, &#l# %!o u j'-% /'-' 3u# lo cul$!+'&#, 3u# uco& %# lo& 5& -'%#& o-#& %#lu%o, &u +#-%'%#-' ol#9' # -#'l!%'%, ' &!%o '-!cul$o-#&* 8-#&.$#&# l'&o/o-$u!%'%#& 3u# o7-#c# %!c' +!%'* S'lo %!c#: "El -# !&o #&$5 &uj#$o ' lo&c'/o&"El -# !&o #&$5 &uj#$o ' lo& c'/o&"* D#l 3u# cul$!+' l' $!#--', l' B!l!' %!c#:"8o-3u# &u D!o& l# !&$-u#, l# #&#' lo -#c$o"* "3u!# cu!%' l' !u#-' co#-5 &u7-u$o"8o-3u# &u D!o& l# !&$-u#, l# #&#' lo -#c$o"* "3u!# cu!%' l' !u#-' co#-5&u 7-u$o"* El 3u# &# '' l' +!%' /o- #%!o %# l' '-!cul$u-', #&c'/' ' uc'&$#$'c!o#& o9' %# !u#-'l#& #%!c!o#& /-!+!l#!o& 3u# o $!## lo& 3u#



$-''j' # l'& -'%#& c!u%'%#&* # #&$o& %'& %# -'%#& oo/ol!o& co/#$#c!'co#-c!'l, /oco& ' 3u# oc# %# u' !%#/#%#c!' $' -#'l %# $' -'%#&#u-!%'% %# -#c!!- l' ju&$' -#co/#&' %# &u $-''jo, coo #l l'-'%o- %# l' $!#--'*(No$': Ecl* J: *<I&'* 2: 2> 8-o+* 2: 1*<)

Cu'%o &# #&#' '-!cul$u-', o &# %##-' 'l'- ' lo& 'luo& &lo %# l' $#o-', &!o%# l' /-5c$!c', $'!.* Al !&o $!#/o 3u# '/-#%# lo 3u# l' c!#c!' /u#%# #&#'-# cu'$o ' l' '$u-'l#9' l' /-#/'-'c! %#l $#--#o, #l +'lo- %# l'& %!7#-#$#&

co&#c'& lo& #jo-#& .$o%o& %# /-o%ucc!, %##-' /o#- # /-5c$!c' &u&cooc!!#$o&* Co/'-$' lo& '#&$-o& #l $-''jo co lo& 'luo& u#&$-# 3u.-#&ul$'%o& &# /u#%# o$##- /o- #%!o %#l #&7u#-9o 5!l # !$#l!#$#* A& /o%-5%#&/#-$'- +#-%'%#-o !$#-.&, #l %#&#o %# 'c#- #l $-''jo %#l #jo- o%o /o&!l#*S##j'$# '#lo, ju$o co #l #7#c$o +!o-!9'%o- %#l #j#-c!c!o, l' lu9 %#l &ol #l '!-#/u-o, %#&/#-$'-5 $'l 'o- /o- l' '-!cul$u-', 3u# o-!#$'-5 ' uco& j+##& cu'%o$#' 3u# %#c!%!- cu5l &#-5 l' ocu/'c! %# &u& +!%'&* D# #&# o%o &# /o%-' c-#'-!?u#c!'& ''-c'$#& 3u# ' &u +#9 /o%-' %#&+!'- l' co--!#$# !!-'$o-!' 3u# co$'$' 7u#-9' '$-'# 'o-' ' l' #$# 'c!' l'& -'%#& c!u%'%#&*

L J oc @ T'!. u#&$-o& col#!o& /o%-' 'u%'- #4c'9#$# ' %!&!u!- l'%#&ocu/'c!* M!l#& %# &#-#& !/o$#$#& '-!#$o&, 3u# %!'-!'#$# !c-##$'l'& 4l'& %# lo& c-!!'l#&, /o%-' ''-&# l' +!%' # 7o-' 7#l!9, &'' # !%#/#%!#$#,

&! &# lo& o-!#$'-' 'c!' #l $-''jo %# l'-'- l' $!#--' /'-' 3u# lo !c!#-' co !$#l!#c!' '!l!%'%*

T'!. lo& /-o7#&!o'l#& #c#&!$' #l ##4c!o %# l' #%uc'c! 'u'l* U o-#/u#%# $##- u' #$# -!ll'$#> /u#%# &#- -5/!%o /'-' '&!!l'- !%#'&> &u '!l!%'% &ucooc!!#$o /u#%# '&#u-'-l# u lu'- # &u /-o7#&! #&co!%' , &! #'-o,/u#%# 'll'-&# l#jo& %# &#- !%#o /'-' %#&#/#'- &u& %##-#&* L' #%uc'c! 3u# &#'&' 'o-#$# # lo& l!-o& !%uc# ' /#&'- &u/#-4c!'l#$#* El $-''jo /-5c$!co#&$!ul' l' o&#-+'c! !uc!o&' l' !%#/#%#c!' %# /#&'!#$o* D#!%'#$##co, $!#%# ' %#&'--oll'- #l &#$!%o co* Cul$!+' l' '!l!%'% /'-' 'c#- /l'#& #j#cu$'-lo&, 7o-$'l#c# #l +'lo- l' /#-&#+#-'c!', # !%uc# ' /-'c$!c'- #l $'c$o l'/#-!c!'*

El .%!co 3u# #%!'$# #l &#-+!c!o 3u# /-#&$' # l' &'l' ' /u#&$o #l c!!#$o %# &ucooc!!#$o /-o7#&!o'l, &#-5 5!l #$'l#$# /'-' #+'lu'- &!$u'c!o#&, cooc#-5 '7o%o $o%o& lo& %#$'ll#& %# &u /-o7#&!, /o&##-5 '!l!%'% /'-' /-#&$'- #l &#-+!c!o 3u#'' 7'l$' # c'&o& %# ##-#c!'* To%'& #&'& cu'l!%'%#& #&#c!'l#& !c'#$# l'&/u#%# !/'-$!- # 7o-' /l#' u' #%uc'c! /-5c$!c'*

El /'&$o-, #l !&!o#-o, #l '#&$-o, %#&cu-!-5 3u# #& uco 'o- l' !?u#c!' 3u# &#/u#%# #j#-c#- &o-# l' #$# cu'%o .&$' +# 3u# /o&## #l cooc!!#$o l' '!l!%'%#c#&'-!o& /'-' %#&#/#'- lo& %##-#& /-5c$!co& %# l' +!%' %!'-!'* co 7-#cu#c!' #l.6!$o, '&$' l' +!%' !&' %#l !&!o#-o, %#/#%# %# &u cooc!!#$o %# l'& co&'&

/-5c$!c'&* L' '!l!%'% /'-' /-#/'-'- l' co!%', /'-' '$#%#- 'cc!%#$#& ##-#c!'&,/'-' $-'$'- #7#-#%'%#&, /'-' co&$-u!- u' c'&' o u' c'/!ll', &! 7u#-# #c#&'-!o,#&$'l#c# co 7-#cu#c!' l' %!7#-#c!' 3u# #6!&$# #$-# #l .6!$o #l 7-'c'&o # l' o-'%# l' +!%'*

M!#$-'& #&$u%!', uco& 'luo& -#c!!-5 u' #%uc'c! 5& +'l!o&' &! &# &o&$!##' & !&o&* E +#9 %# !cu--!- # %#u%'& o %#/#%#- %#l &'c-!4c!o %# &u& /'%-#&, lo&

j+##& %# 'o& &#6o& %## %#/#%#- %# & !&o&* A& '/-#c!'-5 #l +'lo- %#l %!#-o #l $!#/o, l'& 7u#-9'& l'& o/o-$u!%'%#&, #&$'-5 #o& #6/u#&$o& ' l' $#$'c!%# '%3u!-!- 5!$o& %# oc!o&!%'% %#--oc#* L'& l#cc!o#& %# #coo', l'o-!o&!%'%,'#'c!, '%!!&$-'c! /-5c$!c' %# lo& #oc!o& 4-#9' %# /-o/&!$o 3u# '&



'/-#%', co&$!$u!-5 u' /'-$# !/o-$'$# %#l #3u!/o #c#&'-!o /'-' l!-'- l' '$'ll'%# l' +!%'* l' l#cc! %#l &o&$. /-o/!o, '/-#%!%' /o- #l 'luo, co$-!u!-5 # -'#%!%' ' /-#&#-+'- l'& !&$!$uc!o#& %# #&#'9' %# l'& %#u%'& co l'& cu'l#& $'$o&col#!o& ' $#!%o 3u# luc'-, 3u# ' co$-!u!%o ' #o&c''- &u u$!l!%'%*I&$-'&# ' lo& j+##& # #l &#$!%o %# 3u# l' #%uc'c! o $!## coo /-o/&!$o#&#'-l#& ' #&3u!+'- l'& $'-#'& %#&'-'%'l#& ! l'& /#&'%'& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& %# l'+!%'> 3u# &u /-o/&!$o, # c'!o, co&!&$# # 'l!+!''- #l $-''jo #%!'$# l'#&#'9' %# #jo-#& .$o%o& l' 4j'c! %# #$'& 5& #l#+'%'&* E&.#&#l#& 3u# #l

+#-%'%#-o /-o/&!$o %# l' +!%' o co&!&$# # o$##- $o%' l' ''c!' /o&!l# /'-' &!&o, &!o # o-'- ' &u 'c#%o- 'l 'c#- &u /'-$# # u' $'-#' 3u# ##4c!# 'lu%o, 'l 'u%'- ' lo& 3u# &o 5& %.!l#& # !o-'$#&*

U' /o%#-o&' -'9 /'-' #o&/-#c!'- #l $-''jo 7&!co #& l' 7o-' %#&cu!%'%' #!--#?#6!+o co 3u# $' ' #u%o &# lo -#'l!9'* S# lo 'c# /o- #c#&!%'% o /o- u&$o*El $-''j'%o- o /o# &u co-'9 # .l> $'/oco co&#-+' &u %!!%'% ! lo-' 3u# lo&%#5& lo -#&/#$#* L' #%uc'c! 'u'l %##-' co--#!- #&$# #--o-* D##-' %#&'--oll'-5!$o& %# #6'c$!$u% /-ol!j!%'%* Lo& 'luo& %##-' '/-#%#- ' $##- $'c$o ' &#-&!&$#5$!co&> %##-' '/-#%#- ' #coo!9'- #l $!#/o ' &'c'- /-o+#co %# c'%'o+!!#$o* No &lo &# l#& %##-' #&#'- lo& #jo-#& .$o%o&, &!o 3u# &# l#& %##-'!&/!-'- ' lo& 'luo& l' '!c! %# #jo-'- co&$'$##$#* Su #$' %##-' &#- 3u#

7u#-' &u $-''jo $' /#-7#c$o coo /u#%' lo-'-lo l'& 'o& #l c#-#-o u'o&*

E&$' #%uc'c! '-5 3u# lo& j+##& &#' 'o& o #&cl'+o& %#l $-''jo* Al#-'-5 l'&u#-$# %#l l'-'%o- -u%o #ol#c#-5 '&$' l' 5& u!l%# ocu/'c!* El 3u#co&!%#-' #l $-''jo &lo coo 'lo /#o&o, lo ll#+' ' c'o co co/l'c!#$#!o-'c!', &! #&7o-9'-&# /o- #jo-'-, %#&cu-!-5 3u# c!#-$'#$# #& u' c'-'* 8#-o lo&3u# -#coo9c' 3u# ' c!#c!' # #l $-''jo 5& u!l%#, +#-5 # .l ol#9' #ll#9', &# %#l#!$'-5 # 'c#-lo co 4%#l!%'% #4c!#c!'*

El jo+# '& #%uc'%o, cu'l3u!#-' &#' l' +oc'c! %# &u +!%', !#$-'& &#' o#&$o, '-5%# &u /u#&$o 'lo $!l oo-'l#*

"M!-' '9lo& co7o-# 'l o%#lo 3u# $# ' &!%o o&$-'%o # #l o$#"*"La Educación y el Car<cter

" -#!'-5 # $u& $!#/o& l' &'!%u-' l' c!#c!'"*"

M oc @ LA VERDADERA #%uc'c! o %#&cooc# #l +'lo- %#l cooc!!#$o c!#$4co ol!$#-'-!o, /#-o co&!%#-' 3u# #l /o%#- #& &u/#-!o- ' l' !7o-'c!, l' o%'% 'l /o%#- #l c'-5c$#- 'l cooc!!#$o !$#l#c$u'l* El u%o o #c#&!$' $'$o o-#& %# -'!$#l#c$o coo %# c'-5c$#- ol#* N#c#&!$' o-#& cu' c'/'c!%'% &#' %!-!!%' /o-

/-!c!/!o& 4-#&*

"S'!%u-' '$# $o%o"S'!%u-' '$# $o%o"> /o- $'$o, "'%3u!#-# &'!%u-'"* "L' l#u' %#lo& &'!o& '%o-'-5 l' &'!%u-'"'%3u!#-# &'!%u-'"* "L' l#u' %# lo& &'!o& '%o-'-5l' &'!%u-'"* L' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! !/'-$# #&' &'!%u-'* E&#' #l #jo- #/l#o3u# &# /u#%# %'- o &lo ' uo &!o ' $o%o& u#&$-o& cooc!!#$o& 7'cul$'%#&* D# #&#o%o ''-c' $o%' l' '' %# u#&$-'& ol!'c!o#& 'c!' o&o$-o& !&o&, 'c!' #lu%o 'c!' D!o&* (No$': 8-o+* K: > 1J: 2*<)

L' #%!4c'c! %#l c'-5c$#- #& l' o-' 5& !/o-$'$# 3u# j'5& '' &!%o co4'%' ' lo&&#-#& u'o& uc' '$#& ' &!%o &u #&$u%!o %!l!#$# $' !/o-$'$# coo 'o-'*



N!u' ##-'c! '$#-!o- 7u# ll''%' ' 'c#- 7-#$# ' /-ol#'& $' !/o-$'$#&>uc' '$#& &# 'll'-o lo& j+##& 7-#$# ' /#l!-o& $' -'%#& coo lo& 3u# $!##3u# '--o&$-'- o*

E &##j'$# o#$o, Gcu5l #& l' $#%#c!' %# l' #%uc'c! 3u# &# %'H, Gu# o$!+o$!## ##-'l#$# # +!&$'H L' co/l'c#c!' %#l o* -' /'-$# %# l' #%uc'c! 3u# &#%' #& u' /#-+#-&! %#l '-$# /#%'!co* L' +#-%'%#-' #%uc'c! co$-'--#&$' 22 l''!c! #o&$', #l '75 %# /o%#-, l' !%!7#-#c!' 'c!' lo& %#-#co& l'& #c#&!%'%#&

%# l' u'!%'%, 3u# co&$!$u# l' 'l%!c! %# u#&$-o u%o* E #l /l' %# +!%' %#D!o& ' u lu'- /'-' c'%' &#- u'o* C'%' uo %## /#-7#cc!o'- '&$' lo &uo &u&$'l#$o&, l' 4%#l!%'% co 3u# lo '', &#' .&$o& /oco& o uco&, l# %' %#-#co '-#c!!- oo-* E #l /l' %# D!o& o $!## c'!%' l' -!+'l!%'% #o&$'* Lo& 3u# &# !%##$-# & &# co/'-' lo& uo& co lo& o$-o& "o &o ju!c!o&o&"o &o ju!c!o&o&"*Cu'l3u!#- co&' 3u# ''o& %## &#- #c' "co7o-# 'l /o%#- 3u# D!o& %' "co7o-#'l /o%#- 3u# D!o& %'"> "%# co-'9, coo /'-' #l S#o- o /'-' lo& o-#&> &'!#%o3u# %#l S#o- -#c!!-.!& l' -#co/#&' %# l' #-#c!', /o-3u# ' C-!&$o #l S#o- &#-+&""%# co-'9, coo /'-' #l S#o- o /'-' lo& o-#&> &'!#%o 3u# %#l S#o--#c!!-.!& l' -#co/#&' %# l' #-#c!', /o-3u# ' C-!&$o #l S#o- &#-+&"* (No$': 2 Co-*10: 12*< 1 8#%* K: 11*<Col* ;: 2;, 2K*<)

So /-#c!o&o& #l &#-+!c!o 3u# &# /-#&$' l' #%uc'c! 3u# &# o$!## 'l /o#- #/-5c$!c' #&$o& /-!c!/!o&* 8#-o, cu5$o %!&c-#/' co #llo& l' 'o- /'-$# %# l' #%uc'c!3u# 'o-' &# %'P D#&%# lo& /-!#-o& 'o& %# l' +!%' %#l !o #&$!ul' l' #ul'c! l'-!+'l!%'%> 7o#$' #l #o&o, -'9 %# $o%o 'l*

A& #/!#9' l' luc' /o- l' &u/-#'c' &# 7o#$' #l &!&$#' %# #&$u%!'- ' /-#&!, lo3u# # $'$o& c'&o& %#&$-u# l' &'lu% # !/!%# 3u# #l 'luo ll#u# ' &#- $!l* Euco& o$-o&, l' #ul'c! co%uc# ' l' !/-o!%'%, 'l 7o#$'- l' '!c! #l%#&co$#$o, ''-' l' +!%' co$-!u# ' ll#'- #l u%o %# #&/-!$u& $u-ul#$o& 3u#&o u' '#'9' /#-'#$# /'-' l' &oc!#%'%*

El /#l!-o o &# #cu#$-' &ol'#$# # lo& .$o%o&> $'!. &# lo %#&cu-# # l'&

'$#-!'& %# #&$u%!o*

GCu5l#& &o l'& o-'& # l'& 3u# &# #6/l'' l' #$# %# lo& j+##& %u-'$# lo& 'o&7o-'$!+o& %# &u +!%'H Al #&$u%!'- !%!o'& l!$#-'$u-', G%# 3u. 7u#$#& &# #&#' '##- ' lo& j+##&H D# lo& /o9o& %#l /''!&o> %# ''$!'l#& 'l!#$'%o& /o- l'&co--u/c!o#& %# l' '$!u' !%ol'$-'* S# l#& 'c# #&$u%!'- 'u$o-#& 3u#, &! %u%' 'lu',o $!## #l 5& !o '/-#c!o /o- lo& /-!c!/!o& o-'l#&*

D# cu5$o& 'u$o-#& o%#-o& &# /o%-' %#c!- lo !&oP E cu5$o& %# #llo& l' -'c!' l' #ll#9' %#l l#u'j# &o &lo u %!&7-'9 'jo #l cu'l &# ocul$' /-!c!/!o& 3u#, # &u+#-%'%#-' %#7o-!%'%, -#/u'-' 'l l#c$o-P

A%#5& ' u' ul$!$u% %# o+#l!&$' 3u# #c'$' co &u#o& '-'%'l#& 3u#$-'&cu--# # co%o& /'l'c!o&* Au3u# o &# lo& /u#%# 'cu&'- %# !o-'l#&, &u o-'$'!. #&$5 &'$u-'%' %# 'l%'%* Ro' ' !ll'-#& #l $!#/o, l' ##-' l' %!&c!/l!'-#3u#-!%o& /o- lo& /-ol#'& &#-!o& %# l' +!%'*

T'!. ' /#l!-o& -'%#& # #l #&$u%!o %# l' c!#c!', &# &# 'co&$u-' '#c'-'-lo* E l'& !&$!$uc!o#& %# #&#'9' %# cu'l3u!#- !+#l, %#&%# #l j'-% %#!7'$#& '&$' l' u!+#-&!%'%, &# #&#' l' $#o-' %# l' #+oluc! lo& #--o-#& 3u# co#ll' &# -#l'c!o'* 8o- #&o, #l #&$u%!o %# l' c!#c!', 3u# %##-' !/'-$!- u cooc!!#$o%# D!o&, &# 'll' $' #9cl'%o co l'& #&/#cul'c!o#& $#o-'& %# lo& o-#&, 3u#



!&/!-' !c-#%ul!%'%*

'&$' #l #&$u%!o %# l' B!l!', &# &# lo #7oc' co %#'&!'%' 7-#cu#c!' # l'&#&cu#l'&, /-!+' 'l u%o %#l $#&o-o !'/-#c!'l# %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&* L' o-' %# l'"'l$' c-$!c'", 'l %!&#c'-, coj#$u-'- -#co&$-u!-, #&$5 %#&$-u#%o, l' 7# # l' B!l!'coo -#+#l'c! %!+!', #&$5 /-!+'%o ' l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& %#l /o%#- %# -#!-, #l#+'- #!&/!-'- l'& +!%'& u''&*

M oc 0@ Cu'%o lo& j+##& #$-' # #l u%o /'-' #7-#$'- l'& $#$'c!o#& ' /#c'- 3u#.&$# l#& /-#&#$', #& ' &'#-, #l '75 %# ''- %!#-o, %# %!+#-$!-&# &'$!&7'c#- lo&&#$!%o&> #l %#&#o %# lujo, o&$#$'c! #6$-'+''c!', #l #'o '&$u$o, #l 7-'u%#, #l-oo 4'l#$# l' -u!', Gco 3u. #&#'9'& &# +' ' #co$-'-H

El #&/!-!$!&o '&#u-' 3u# lo& o-#& &o &#!%!o&#& o c'%o&> 3u# "c'%' #$# &# ju9'-5 ' & !&'"> "3u# #l "+#-%'%#-o cooc!!#$o coloc' ' lo& o-#& /o- #c!'%# $o%' l#"> 3u# "$o%o lo 3u# #6!&$# #& co--#c$o", "/o-3u# "D!o& o co%#'"* 8-#$#%#3u# #&$5 # #l c!#lo, #6'l$'%o&, lo& &#-#& u'o& 5& +!l#&* D#cl'-' ' $o%o& lo&o-#&: "No !/o-$' 3u# '5!&> +!+!% coo o& /l'9c'> #l c!#lo #& +u#&$-o o'-"*"Mul$!$u%#& ll#' '& ' c-##- 3u# #l %#&#o co&$!$u# l' l# &u/-#', 3u# #l %#&#7-#o

#& l!#-$'%, 3u# #l o-# #& -#&/o&'l# &ol'#$# '$# & !&o*

S! &# /-o/o-c!o' &##j'$# #&#'9' 'l co!#9o !&o %# l' +!%', cu'%o #l !/ul&o#& 7o-$&!o u-#$&!' l' #c#&!%'% %# %o!!o /-o/!o /u-#9', G%%# 3u#%' l'&&'l+'u'-%!'& %# l' +!-$u%H Gu. ' %# !/#%!- 3u# #l u%o &# co+!#-$' # u'&#u%' So%o'H

Al !&o $!#/o l' ''-3u' $-'$' %# 'c#- %#&'/'-#c#- $o%' l#, o &lo %!+!' &!ou''* L' coc#$-'c! %# l' -!3u#9' #l /o%#-, l'& +'&$'& co!'c!o#& #c'&/'-' #l #-!3u#c!!#$o %# uo& /oco& ' #6/#&'& %# l' 'o-'> l' u! %# l'& cl'&#&5& /o-#& /'-' o-'!9'- l' %#7#&' %# &u& !$#-#&#& %#-#co&> #l #&/-!$u %#!3u!#$u%, %#&o-%# %#--''!#$o %# &'-#> l' /-o/''c! u%!'l %# l'& !&'&

#&#'9'& 3u# /-o%uj#-o l' R#+oluc! F-'c#&', $!#%# ' #+ol+#- 'l u%o #$#-o# u' luc' &!!l'- ' l' 3u# co+ul&!o ' F-'c!'*

E&$'& &o l'& !?u#c!'& %# o %'* 8'-' /#-'#c#- 4-#& # #%!o %# $'l#&$-'&$o-o& #& #c#&'-!o #c# 'o-' lo& c!!#$o& %#l c'-5c$#-*

E $o%'& l'& ##-'c!o#& # $o%o& lo& /'&#&, #l +#-%'%#-o c!!#$o #l o%#lo /'-'l' #%!4c'c! %#l c'-5c$#- ' &!%o lo& !&o&* L' l# %!+!': "A'-5& 'l S#o- $u D!o&co $o%o $u co-'9* * * ' $u /-j!o coo ' $! !&o"A'-5& 'l S#o- $u D!o& co $o%o$u co-'9* * * ' $u /-j!o coo ' $! !&o"Luc* 10: 2*, #l -' /-!c!/!o '!7#&$'%o# #l c'-5c$#- # l' +!%' %# u#&$-o S'l+'%o-, #& #l !co c!!#$o l' !c' u'

&#u-o&* (No$': Luc* 10: 2*<)

" -#!'-5 # $u& $!#/o& l' &'!%u-' l' c!#c!', 'u%'c!' %# &'l+'c!"-#!'-5 # $u& $!#/o& l' &'!%u-' l' c!#c!', 'u%'c!' %# &'l+'c!"I&'* ;;: *,&'!%u-' c!#c!' 3u# &lo l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& /u#%# !/'-$!-* (No$': I&'* ;;: *<)

T' c!#-$'& &o 'o-' coo cu'%o 7u#-o /-ouc!'%'& ' I&-'#l l'& /'l'-'& # cu'$o 'l' o#%!#c!' ' lo& '%'!#$o& %# D!o&: "8o-3u# .&$' #& +u#&$-' &'!%u-' +u#&$-'!$#l!#c!' '$# lo& ojo& %# lo& /u#lo&"* "8o-3u# .&$' #& +u#&$-' &'!%u-' +u#&$-'!$#l!#c!' '$# lo& ojo& %# lo& /u#lo&"*D#u$* K: * (No$': D#u$* K: *<)



E&$' #& l' !c' &'l+'u'-%!' %# l' !$#-!%'% !%!+!%u'l, %# l' /u-#9' %#l o'-, #l!##&$'- %# l' &oc!#%'% o l' #&$'!l!%'% %# l' 'c!* E #%!o %# $o%'& l'&/#-/l#j!%'%#&, lo& /#l!-o& lo& %#-#co& # /u', l' !c' -#l' &#u-' co&!&$# #'c#- lo 3u# D!o& %!c#: "Lo& '%'!#$o& %# =#o+5 &o -#c$o&", "Lo& '%'!#$o&%# =#o+5 &o -#c$o&", "#l 3u# 'c# #&$'& co&'&, o -#&'l'-5 j'5&" "#l 3u# 'c##&$'& co&'&, o -#&'l'-5 j'5&" *2;0 (No$': S'l* 1: > 1J: J*< )

M1todos de Ense:an3a

"8'-' %'- &''c!%'% ' lo& &!/l#&, ' lo& j+##& !$#l!#c!' co-%u-'"

Du-'$# &!lo& l' #%uc'c! ' %#/#%!%o # #6$#&o -'%o %# l' #o-!'* E&$' 7'cul$'%' &!%o &o-#c'-'%' '&$' lo &uo, o &# ' %#&'--oll'%o /'-'l#l'#$# l'& %#5&7'cul$'%#&* Lo& #&$u%!'$#& ' ocu/'%o &u $!#/o # 'l'c#'- $-''jo&'#$# # l'#o-!' u' c'$!%'% %# cooc!!#$o&, u /oco& %# lo& cu'l#& !' ' /o%#- u$!l!9'-4'l#$#* El c#-#-o -#c'-'%o co lo 3u# o /u#%# %!#-!- ! '&!!l'-, /o- 4 &#%#!l!$', o /u#%# -#'l!9'- u #&7u#-9o +!o-o&o &#-!o, &# co7o-' co %#/#%#- %#lc-!$#-!o #l %!&c#-!!#$o %# lo& %#5&*

Al +#-!4c'- lo& 'lo& -#&ul$'%o& %# #&$# .$o%o, 'luo& &# ' !%o 'l o$-o #6$-#o*

S# &u /'-#c#- #l o-# &lo #c#&!$' %#&'--oll'- lo 3u# #&$5 %#$-o %# .l*S##j'$# #%uc'c! 7o#$' l' /-#&uc! # #l #&$u%!'$#, lo '/'-$' %# l' 7u#$#%#l cooc!!#$o #l /o%#- +#-%'%#-o&*

L' #%uc'c! 3u# co&!&$# # '%!#&$-'- l' #o-!' $!#%# ' %#&'l#$'- l' -#?#6!/#-&o'l, #j#-c# u' !?u#c!' o-'l 3u# &# '/-#c!' %#'&!'%o /oco* Al -#uc!'- #l#&$u%!'$# ' l' 7'cul$'% %# -'9o'- ju9'- /o- & !&o, &# !c'/'c!$' /'-' %!&$!u!- l'+#-%'% #l #--o-, #& 75c!l /-#&' %#l #'o* No cu#&$' !%uc!-lo ' &#u!- l' $-'%!c! l' co&$u-#*2;1

= oc 1@ "E& u #co &u'#$# !o-'%o, /#-o o /o- #&o #o& /#l!-o&o, 3u# #l #--o-

-'-' +#9 &# /-#&#$' $'l coo #&* Lo-' 'c#/$'c! #9cl'%o o l!'%o ' l' +#-%'%* Elco#- %#l 5-ol %#l cooc!!#$o %#l !# %#l 'l c'u& l' -u!' %# u#&$-o& /-!#-o&/'%-#&, l' 'c#/$'c! %# u', #9cl' %# !# %# 'l #& l' c'u&' %# l' -u!' %# lo&&#-#& u'o& %# o %'* L' #$# 3u# %#/#%# %#l c-!$#-!o %# o$-o& &# #6$-'+!'-5$'-%# o $#/-'o*"

L' 7'cul$'% %# %!&$!u!- #$-# lo u#o lo 'lo &lo &# /u#%# o$##- #%!'$# l'%#/#%#c!' !%!+!%u'l %#l S#o-* C'%' uo %## '/-#%#- /o- &! !&o %# D!o&,#%!'$# &u 8'l'-'* S# o& %!o l' -'9 /'-' 3u# l' u&5-'o&, #l Al$&!o %#&#' 3u#lo ''o&* L' 7'cul$'% %# %!&$!u!- #$-# lo u#o lo 'lo &lo &# /u#%# o$##-#%!'$# l' %#/#%#c!' !%!+!%u'l %#l S#o-* C'%' uo %## '/-#%#- /o- &! !&o %#

D!o&, #%!'$# &u 8'l'-'* S# o& %!o l' -'9 /'-' 3u# l' u&5-'o&, #l Al$&!o %#&#'3u# lo ''o&* "V#!%* * * #&$#o& ' cu#$'"V#!%* * * #&$#o& ' cu#$'"I&'* 1: 1*,o& %!c#* S! co4'o& # .l /o%#o& $##- &'!%u-' /'-' "%#&#c'- lo 'lo #&co#-lo u#o"%#&#c'- lo 'lo #&co#- lo u#o"* (No$': I&'* 1: 1*<I&'* : 1J*<)

E $o%' #&#'9' +#-%'%#-', #& #&#c!'l l' -#l'c! /#-&o'l* Al #&#'-, C-!&$o $-'$!%!+!%u'l#$# co lo& o-#&* E%uc ' lo& %oc# /o- #%!o %#l $-'$o l' '&oc!'c!/#-&o'l#&* Su& 5& /-#c!o&'& !&$-ucc!o#& l'& %!o # /-!+'%o, co 7-#cu#c!' ' u&olo o#$#* R#+#l &u& 5& -!co& $#&o-o& 'l oo-'l# -'!o # l' #$-#+!&$' oc$u-'c#l#-'%' # #l Mo$# %# lo& Ol!+o&, ' l' uj#- %#&/-#c!'%', ju$o 'l /o9o %# S!c'-,/o-3u# # #&o& o#$#& /#-c!! u co-'9 &#&!l#, u' #$# '!#-$', u #&/-!$u



-#c#/$!+o* N! &!3u!#-' l' uc#%u-# 3u# co $'$' 7-#cu#c!' &#u' &u& /'&o& #-'/'-' C-!&$o u' '&' co7u&' %# &#-#& u'o&* 'l'' #6o-$'' # 7o-' %!-#c$'' c'%' #$#, &# %!-!' ' c'%' co-'9* O&#-+'' lo& -o&$-o& %# &u& o#$#&, +#'cu'%o &# !lu!'', o$'' l' !-'%' -5/!%' %# co/-#&! 3u# -#+#l'' #l #co%# 3u# l' +#-%'% '' ll#'%o 'l 'l', &u co-'9 +!-'' # -#&/u#&$' co o9o&'&!/'$'*

C-!&$o &# /#-c'$'' %# l'& /o&!!l!%'%#& 3u# '' # $o%o &#- u'o* No &# %#j''

!/-#&!o'- /o- u' '/'-!#c!' /oco /-o!&o-!' o u '!#$# %#&7'+o-'l#* Ll' 'M'$#o cu'%o #&$'' # #l 'co %# lo& $-!u$o&, ' 8#%-o &u& #-'o& l#& /!%! 3u#%#j'-' #l o$# %#l /#&c'%o- /'-' 3u# '/-#%!#-' %# .l*

E l' o-' #%uc'$!+' %# o &# #c#&!$' /-#&$'- #l !&o !$#-.& /#-&o'l l' !&''$#c! 'l %#&'--ollo !%!+!%u'l* Muco& j+##& 3u# '/'-#$##$# o &o/-o!&o-!o&, #&$5 -!c'#$# %o$'%o& %# $'l#$o& 3u# o u&'* Su& 7'cul$'%#&/#-'#c# ocul$'& ' c'u&' %# l' 7'l$' %# %!&c#-!!#$o %# &u& #%uc'%o-#&* E 5& %#u uc'co o u' !' #6$#-!o-#$# $' %#&/-o+!&$o %# '$-'c$!+o& coo u' /!#%-'&! /ul!-, &# 'll'-' '$#-!'l /-#c!o&o 3u# -#&!&$!-' l' /-u#' %#l c'lo-, l' $o-#$' l'/-#&!* El +#-%'%#-o #%uc'%o-, $#!#%o /-#&#$# lo 3u# /u#%# ll#'- ' &#- &u&'luo&, -#cooc#-5 #l +'lo- %#l '$#-!'l co #l cu'l $-''j'* S#$!-5 !$#-.& /#-&o'l

/o- c'%' 'luo $-'$'-5 %# %#&'--oll'- $o%'& &u& 7'cul$'%#&* 8o- !/#-7#c$o 3u# &#',&# #&$!ul'-5 $o%o #&7u#-9o #co /o- '-o!9'- co lo& /-!c!/!o& ju&$o&*

S# %##-' #&#'- ' c'%' jo+# l' #c#&!%'% #l /o%#- %# l' '/l!c'c!* El .6!$o%#/#%# uco 5& %# #&$o 3u# %#l #!o o #l $'l#$o* S! '/l!c'c! +'l# /oco lo&5& -!ll'$#& %o#&, !#$-'& 3u# co #&7u#-9o& %#!%'#$# %!-!!%o&, l'& /#-&o'&%# '!l!%'%#& '$u-'l#& cou#& ' #co '-'+!ll'&* #l #!o, cuo& '%#l'$o& o&'&o-', c'&! !+'-!'l##$# +' u!%o 'l #&7u#-9o !c'&'l# coc#$-'%o*

D##-' #&#'-&# ' lo& j+##& ' /-o/o#-&# #l %#&'--ollo %# $o%'& l'& 7'cul$'%#&, $'$o%# l'& 5& %.!l#& coo %# l'& 5& 7u#-$#&* Muco& #&$5 !cl!'%o& ' l!!$'- #l #&$u%!o' c!#-$o& -'o& /o- lo& cu'l#& &!#$# u' '4c! '$u-'l* S# %##-' #+!$'- 2;; #&$#

#--o-* L'& '/$!$u%#& '$u-'l#& !%!c' # 3u. %!-#cc! &# +' ' o-!#$'- l' o-' %# l' +!%', cu'%o &o l#$!'&, %##-' &#- cu!%'%o&'#$# cul$!+'%'&* Al !&o $!#/o %##$##-&# /-#&#$# 3u# u c'-5c$#- #3u!l!-'%o u $-''jo #4c!#$# # cu'l3u!#- -'o%#/#%#, # #6$#&o -'%o, %#l %#&'--ollo &!.$-!co 3u# #& #l -#&ul$'%o %# u'#%uc'c! co/l#$'*

El '#&$-o %##-' $##- co&$'$##$# /o- #$' l' &#c!ll#9 l' #4c!#c!'* D##-'#&#'- /-!c!/'l#$# co !lu&$-'c!o#& , ' 'l $-'$'- co 'luo& 'o-#&, %##-'$##- cu!%'%o %# 3u# $o%'& &u& #6/l!c'c!o#& &#' cl'-'& &#c!ll'&* Muco& 'luo&%# 5& #%'% &o !o& # #$#%!!#$o*

El #$u&!'&o #& u #l##$o !/o-$'$# %# l' o-' #%uc'$!+'* E cu'$o ' #&$o, l'o&#-+'c! #c' u' +#9 /o- u c#l#-'%o 'c$o- co$!## u' $!l &u#-#c!'* El'-9o!&/o %# C'$#-u- l# 'l' /-#u$'%o /o- 3u. lo& 'c$o-#& 'l -#/-#&#$'- u'co#%!' !/-#&!o'' $' o$'l##$# 'l 'u%!$o-!o 'l -#7#-!-&# ' co&'& !'!'-!'&,!#$-'& 3u# lo& !!&$-o& %#l E+'#l!o !/-#&!o'' $' /oco 'l &uo 'l5%ol#& %#co&'& -#'l#&* "Co"$o%o #l -#&/#$o %#!%o ' +u#&$-' #!#c!' co$#&$ #l 'c$o-","/#-!$!%# %#c!-o& 3u# l' -'9 #& &#c!ll': E& #l /o%#- %#l #$u&!'&o* No&o$-o&'l'o& # #l #&c#'-!o %# co&'& !'!'-!'& coo &! 7u#-' -#'l#&, +o&o$-o& # #l/l/!$o 'l5!& %# co&'& -#'l#& coo &! 7u#&# !'!'-!'&"*

V oc 2@ El '#&$-o $-'$' # &u $-''jo co co&'& -#'l#&, %##-' 'l'- %# #ll'& co $o%'



l' 7u#-9' #l #$u&!'&o 3u# /u#%' !&/!-'- #l cooc!!#$o %# &u -#'l!%'% #!/o-$'c!'*

To%o '#&$-o %##-' cu!%'- 3u# &u $-''jo $#' -#&ul$'%o& %#4!%o&* A$#& %# !$#$'-#&#'- u' '$#-!', %##-' $##- # #$# u /l' !# %#4!%o, &'#- 3u. &#/-o/o# 'c#-* No %##-' %#&c'&'- &'$!&7#co %#&/u.& %# l' /-#&#$'c! %# u $#''&$' 3u# #l 'luo co/-#%' #l /-!c!/!o 3u# #c!#--', %#&cu-' &u +#-%'% /u#%'#6/-#&'- cl'-'#$# lo 3u# ' '/-#%!%o*

M!#$-'& &# $#' # +!&$' #l -' /-o/&!$o %# l' #%uc'c!, %##-' '!'-&# ' lo& j+##& ' '+'9'- '&$' %o%# l# /#-!$' &u& '/$!$u%#&* 8#-o '$#& %# !!c!'-&# # lo&-'o& &u/#-!o-#& %# #&$u%!o, %##-' %o!'- lo& !7#-!o-#&* Co %#'&!'%' 7-#cu#c!'&# %#&cu!%' #&$o* '&$' #$-# lo& #&$u%!'$#& %# lo& col#!o& &u/#-!o-#& &# o$' -'%#4c!#c!' # #l cooc!!#$o %# lo& -'o& cou#& %# l' #%uc'c!* Muco&#&$u%!'$#& %#%!c' #l $!#/o 'l #&$u%!o %# l'& '$#5$!c'& &u/#-!o-#& cu'%o &o!c'/'c#& %# ll#+'- cu#$'& &#c!ll'&* Muco& #&$u%!' %#cl''c! /'-' &#- o-'%o-#&#l#'$#&, cu'%o ! &!3u!#-' &'# l##- %# '#-' !$#l!!l# # !/-#&!o'$#* Muco&3u# ' $#-!'%o &u& #&$u%!o& %# -#$-!c' o &'# -#%'c$'- u' &!/l# c'-$' co#$# 7'l$'& %# o-$o-'7'*

El cooc!!#$o c''l %# lo& #l##$o& #&#c!'l#& %# l' #%uc'c! %##-' &#- o &loco%!c! !%!&/#&'l# /'-' &#- '%!$!%o # u cu-&o &u/#-!o-, &!o l' /'u$'/#-'#$# /'-' %#$#-!'- &! &# /-o-#&' o o*

E $o%o '&/#c$o %# l' #%uc'c! %## '#- 4#& 5& !/o-$'$#& 3u# lo& 3u# &#lo-' #%!'$# #l #-o cooc!!#$o $.c!co* T#&#, /o- #j#/lo, #l c'&o %#ll#u'j#* E& %# 'o- !/o-$'c!' l' c'/'c!%'% %# #&c-!!- 'l'- l' l#u' /-o/!' co7'c!l!%'% #6'c$!$u%, 3u# '/-#%#- !%!o'& #6$-'j#-o&, +!+o& o u#-$o&* 8#-o !u'#%uc'c! lo-'%' /o- #%!o %#l cooc!!#$o %# l'& -#l'& -''$!c'l#& /u#%#co/'-'-&# # !/o-$'c!' co #l #&$u%!o %#l !%!o' %#&%# u /u$o %# +!&$' &u/#-!o-* A#&$# #&$u%!o #&$5 l!'%'&, # #6$#&o -'%o, l' 7#l!c!%'% o l' %#&-'c!' %# l' +!%'*

El /-!c!/'l -#3u!&!$o %#l l#u'j# #& 3u# &#' /u-o, o%'%o&o +#-'9: "L'#6/-#&!#6$#-' %# u' -'c!' !$#-!o-"* D!o& %!c#: "To%o lo 3u# #& +#-%'%#-o, $o%o lo o#&$o,$o%o lo ju&$o, $o%o lo /u-o, $o%o lo ''l#, $o%o lo 3u# #& %# u# o-#> &! ' +!-$u%'lu', &! 'lo %!o %# 'l''9', # #&$o /#&'%"* (No$': F!l* K: *< &! .&$o& &o lo&/#&'!#$o&, '& &#-5 #l l#u'j# $'!.*)

L' #jo- #&cu#l' /'-' l' #&#'9' %#l !%!o' #& #l o'-, /#-o /u#&$o 3u# &u o-' &#%#&cu!%' co $'$' 7-#cu#c!', l# $oc' 'l '#&$-o 'u%'- ' lo& 'luo& ' '%3u!-!- u#o&5!$o& %# #6/-#&!*

El '#&$-o /u#%# 'c#- uco /'-' co'$!- #&# 'l 5!$o, 'l%!c! %# l'

cou!%'%, #l +#c!%'-!o #l o'- #l 5!$o %# c'lu!'-, co$'- c!&#& c-!$!c'- &!!&#-!co-%!'* No &# %##-' #&c'$!'- lo& #&7u#-9o& co #&$# 4* Icl3u#&# # lo&'luo& l' !%#' %# 3u# #&$# 5!$o -#+#l' 7'l$' %# cul$u-', -#4'!#$o +#-%'%#-'o%'% %# co-'9> !c'/'c!$' ' l' /#-&o', $'$o /'-' l' &oc!#%'% %# lo&+#-%'%#-'#$# cul$o& -#4'%o& %#: #&$# u%o, coo /'-' l' -#l'c! co lo& &'$o&# #l c!#lo*

No& o--o-!9'o& 'l /#&'- # #l c''l 3u# co# co %#l#!$# l' c'-# ' c'l!#$# $#lo-o&' %# &u +c$!', /#-o, G&o lo& -#&ul$'%o& %# #&$' co&$u-# 5& $#--!l#& 3u#l' 'o' l' -u!' c'u&'%'& /o- #l 5!$o %# $#-!+#-&'- lo& o$!+o&, 'c'- l'-#/u$'c! %!&#c'- #l c'-5c$#-H A/-#%' lo& !o& $'!. lo& j+##& lo 3u# D!o&



%!c# 'c#-c' %# #&$'& co&'&: "L' u#-$# l' +!%' #&$5 # /o%#- %# l' l#u'"* (No$':8-o+* 1: 21*<)

E l' E&c-!$u-' lo& c'lu!'%o-#& '/'-#c# ju$o ' lo& "'o--#c#%o-#& %# D!o&"> lo&"!+#$o-#& %# 'l#&", co lo& 3u# &o "&! '7#c$o '$u-'l, &! 2; !&#-!co-%!'"!&#-!co-%!'", "ll#o& %# #+!%!', o!c!%!o&, co$!#%'&, #'o& 'l!!%'%#&"*"ll#o& %# #+!%!', o!c!%!o&, co$!#%'&, #'o& 'l!!%'%#&"* E& "ju!c!o %# D!o&,3u# lo& 3u# /-'c$!c' $'l#& co&'& &o %!o& %# u#-$#"* "ju!c!o %# D!o&, 3u# lo& 3u#

/-'c$!c' $'l#& co&'& &o %!o& %# u#-$#"*Ro* 1: ;0, ;1, 2> 1: ;2* D!o& co&!%#-'c!u%'%'o %# S! ' '3u#l 3u# "'l' +#-%'% # &u co-'9"> "#l 3u# o c'lu!' co &ul#u'", "! '%!$# -#/-oc# 'luo co$-' &u +#c!o"*"'l' +#-%'% # &u co-'9"> "#l3u# o c'lu!' co &u l#u'", "! '%!$# -#/-oc# 'luo co$-' &u +#c!o"*S'l* 1J: 2,;* (No$': Ro* 1: ;0, ;1, 2> 1: ;2*<S'l* 1J: 2, ;*<)

S 10oc

;@ L' 8'l'-' %# D!o& co%#' $'!. #l u&o %# 7-'&#& !&#&'$'& # !$#-j#cc!o#&-'''& # l' !--#+#-#c!'* Co%#' lo& cu/l!%o& #'o&o&, lo& &u$#-7u!o&, l'&#6'#-'c!o#&, l'& $#-!+#-&'c!o#& #/l#'%'& # lo& #oc!o&, co--!#$#& $'!. # l'+!%' &oc!'l # #l u%o co#-c!'l* "8#-o &#' +u#&$-' 'l'-: &, &> o, o> /o-3u# lo3u# #& 5& %# #&$o, %# 'l /-oc#%#"8#-o &#' +u#&$-' 'l'-: &, &> o, o> /o-3u# lo 3u##& 5& %# #&$o, %# 'l /-oc#%#"*"Coo #l 3u# #lo3u#c#, #c' ll''& &'#$'& u#-$#, $'l #& #l o-# 3u# #'' ' &u '!o, %!c#: C!#-$'#$# lo !c# /o-

-o'"*"Coo #l 3u# #lo3u#c#, #c' ll''& &'#$'& u#-$#, $'l #& #l o-# 3u##'' ' &u '!o, %!c#: C!#-$'#$# lo !c# /o- -o'"*8-o+* 2: 1, 1* (No$': M'$*J: ;*<8-o+* 2: 1, 1*<)

Y$!'#$# l!'%' ' l' c!&o-'7' #&$5 l' !&!u'c! +#l'%', l' %!&!ul'%' !%!-#c$'/o- #%!o %# l' cu'l #l co-'9 !/u-o $-'$' %# &u#-!- #l 'l 3u# o &# '$-#+# '#6/-#&'- '!#-$'#$#* S# %##-' #&#'- ' lo& j+##& ' #+!$'- $o%o lo 3u# &# /'-#9c'' #&$' 'l' co&$u-#, $'l coo #+!$'-' l' l#/-'*

T'l +#9 # #l u&o %#l l#u'j# o '' #--o- 3u# 'c!'o& j+##& #&$. 5&%!&/u#&$o& ' ju&$!4c'- 3u# l'& /'l'-'& '/-#&u-'%'& # !/'c!#$#&* C-## 3u# #&&u4c!#$# #6cu&' %#c!-: "E&$'' %#&/-#+#!%o -#'l#$# o 3u!&# %#c!- lo 3u# %!j#"*

E&$'' %#&/-#+#!%o -#'l#$# o 3u!&# %#c!- lo 3u# %!j#"* 8#-o l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& o$-'$' #&$o co l!#-#9'* L' E&c-!$u-' %!c#: "G'& +!&$o o-# l!#-o # &u& /'l'-'&H M5&#&/#-'9' ' %#l #c!o 3u# %# .l"*"G'& +!&$o o-# l!#-o # &u& /'l'-'&H M5&#&/#-'9' ' %#l #c!o 3u# %# .l"*8-o+* 2: 20*"Coo c!u%'% %#--!'%' &! u-o #& #lo-# cuo #&/-!$u o $!## -!#%'"*"Coo c!u%'% %#--!'%' &! u-o #& #l o-#cuo #&/-!$u o $!## -!#%'"*8-o+* 2J: 2*2; (No$': 8-o+* 2: 20*<8-o+* 2J: 2*< )

E u o#$o, u' l#u' /-#c!/!$'%', '/'&!o'%' %#&cu!%'%', /u#%# 'c#- u %'o3u# #l '--#/#$!!#$o %# $o%' u' +!%' o /o%-' %#&'c#-* Cu5$o& co-'9o#&3u#-'$'%o&, '!o& &#/'-'%o&, +!%'& '--u!'%'& /o- l'& /'l'-'& 5&/#-'& '/-#&u-'%'& %# lo& 3u# %##-' '#- /-#&$'%o 'u%' co&u#loP "' o-#& cu'&

/'l'-'& &o coo ol/#& %# #&/'%'> 5& l' l#u' %# lo& &'!o& #& #%!c!'"*"'o-#& cu'& /'l'-'& &o coo ol/#& %# #&/'%'> 5& l' l#u' %# lo& &'!o& #&#%!c!'"*8-o+* 12: 1* (No$': 8-o+* 12: 1*<)

U' %# l'& c'-'c$#-&$!c'& 3u# &# %##-' 7o#$'- cul$!+'- # $o%o !o #& #&# ol+!%o%# & !&o 3u# !/'-$# ' l' +!%' u' -'c!' #&/o$5#'* D# $o%'& l'& #6c#l#c!'& %#lc'-5c$#-, .&$' #& u' %# l'& 5& #-o&'&, /'-' $o%' +#-%'%#-' +oc'c! #& uo %#lo& -#3u!&!$o& 5& #&#c!'l#&*

Lo& !o& #c#&!$' '/-#c!o, &!/'$', #&$ulo, /#-o &# %##-' #+!$'- 3u# &#%#&'--oll# # #llo& #l 'o- ' l' 'l''9'* No #& /-u%#$# /-#&$'-l#& u' co&!%#-'c!



#&/#c!'l ! -#/#$!- %#l'$# %# #llo& &u& 'u%#9'& ocu--#c!'&* El /'%-# o #l '#&$-o 3u#$!## /-#&#$# #l +#-%'%#-o !%#'l %# c'-5c$#- l'& /o&!!l!%'%#& %# .6!$o, o /u#%#7o#$'- ! #&$!ul'- #l #-#!!#$o* No 'l#$'-5 # lo& j+##& #l %#&#o o #l #/#o%# #6!!- &u '!l!%'% o &u /#-!c!'* El 3u# !-' 5& 'll5 %# &, &#-5 u!l%#, &!#'-o, /o&##-5 u' %!!%'% 3u# lo c'/'c!$'-5 /'-' o &#$!-&# %!&!u!%o !%#&coc#-$'%o '$# #l 7'u&$o #6$#-!o- o l' -'%#9' u''*

L'& +!-$u%#& 3u# '%o-' #l c'-5c$#- o &# %#&'--oll' /o- l' '/l!c'c! %# l##& o -#l'&

'-!$-'-!'&, &!o coo -#&ul$'%o %# o-'- # l' '$&7#-' %# lo /u-o, lo ol# lo+#-%'%#-o* %o%#3u!#-' '' /u-#9' %# co-'9 ol#9' %# c'-5c$#-, &# -#+#l'-5 #l' 'cc! l' /'l'-'* "El 3u# '' l' l!/!#9' %# co-'9, /o- l' -'c!' %# &u& l'!o&$#%-5 l' '!&$'% %#l -#"*El 3u# '' l' l!/!#9' %# co-'9, /o- l' -'c!' %# &u& l'!o&$#%-5 l' '!&$'% %#l -#"*8-o+* 22: 11*2; (No$': 8-o+* 22: 11*< )

Lo 3u# ocu--# co #l l#u'j# &uc#%# co cu'l3u!#- o$-o o$!+o %# #&$u%!o* D## &#-%!-!!%o %# o%o 3u# $!#%' 'l 7o-$'l#c!!#$o l' #%!4c'c! %#l c'-5c$#-* A !-'o %# #&$u%!o &# /u#%# '/l!c'- #&$o # $' #6$#&o -'%o coo ' l' !&$o-!'*Co&!%.-#&#l' %#&%# #l /u$o %# +!&$' %!+!o*

S# &# l' #&#' co %#'&!'%' 7-#cu#c!', l' !&$o-!' #& /oco 5& 3u# u !7o-#

'c#-c' %# l' '&c#&! l' c'%' %# lo& -##&> %# l'& !$-!'& /'l'c!#'&, l'& +!c$o-!'& %#--o$'& %# #j.-c!$o&: U' !&$o-!' %# l' '!c! l' '+'-!c!', #l #'o, l' c-u#l%'% #l %#--''!#$o %# &'-#* S! &# l' #&#' '&, #c#&'-!'#$# &u& -#&ul$'%o& &#-5/#-ju%!c!'l#&* L' -#/#$!c! %olo-o&' %# c-##& '$-oc!%'%#&, l'& #o-!%'%#& l'&c-u#l%'%#& %#&c-!$'&, &!#-' &#!ll'& 3u# # uc'& +!%'& %' coo 7-u$o u'co&#c' %# 'l*

Muco #jo- #& '/-#%#-, ' l' lu9 %# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&, l'& c'u&'& 3u# co%!c!o' #l&u-!!#$o l' c'%' %# lo& -#!o&* El jo+# %##-' #&$u%!'- #&$o& -#l'$o& o$'- co# l' +#-%'%#-' /-o&/#-!%'% %# l'& 'c!o#& ' $#!%o 3u# +#- l' 'c#/$'c! %# lo&/-!c!/!o& %!+!o&* D##-' #&$u%!'- l' !&$o-!' %# lo& -'%#& o+!!#$o& %# -#7o-', o$'- cu5 ' #u%o &u& /-!c!/!o& 'u3u# %#&/-#c!'%o& o%!'%o&, 'u3u# &u&

%#7#&o-#& 7u#-o ll#+'%o& ' l' c5-c#l 'l c'%'l&o, ' $-!u7'%o #%!'$# #&o& !&o&&'c-!4c!o&*

D 11oc

K@ S##j'$# #&$u%!o %'-5 /#-&/#c$!+'& '/l!'& ''-c'$#& ' l' +!%'* Au%'-5 ' lo& j+##& ' co/-#%#- 'lo %# &u !$#--#l'c! &u !$#-%#/#%#c!' co lo& %#5&, %#l' 7o-' '-'+!llo&' coo #&$'o& l!'%o& # l' -' 7-'$#-!%'% %# l' &oc!#%'% l'&'c!o#&, # cu5 '/l!' #%!%' l' o/-#&! o %#-'%'c! %# u !#-o &!!4c'/.-%!%' /'-' $o%o&*

Al #&#'- '$#5$!c'&, &# lo %#!#-' 'c#- # 7o-' /-5c$!c'* S# %##-' #&#'- '$o%o jo+# 2; ' $o%o !o o &ol'#$# ' -#&ol+#- /-ol#'& !'!'-!o&, &!o 'll#+'- cu#$' #6'c$' %# &u& /-o/!o& !-#&o& '&$o&* A/-#%', u&5%olo, #l %#!%o u&o

%#l %!#-o* E&.#&# ' lo& !o& !'& ' #l#!- co/-'- &u -o/', &u& l!-o& o$-'&co&'&, ' &#' 3u# lo& /'u# &u& /'%-#& o #llo& !&o& co &u& /-o/!'& ''c!'&> &!ll#+' cu#$' %# &u& '&$o& '/-#%#-5, coo o lo lo-'-' %# o$-o o%o, ' +'lo-'- u&'- #l %!#-o* E&$# $!/o %# #%uc'c! l#& #&#'-5 ' %!&$!u!- l' %!7#-#c!' 3u# #6!&$##$-# l' +#-%'%#-' #coo' l' #93u!%'% /o- u l'%o, #l %#&/!l7'--o /o- #l o$-o*D#!%'#$# %!-!!%', 7o#$'-5 5!$o& %# ##-o&!%'%* Au%'-5 ' lo& j+##& ''/-#%#- ' %'-, o /o- #l #-o !/ul&o %#l o#$o cu'%o &# cou#+# &u&&#$!!#$o&, &!o -#ul'- &!&$#5$!c'#$#*

D# #&$# o%o, $o%o -'o %# #&$u%!o /u#%# ll#'- ' 'u%'- # l' &oluc! %#l 'o- %#lo& /-ol#'&: L' #%uc'c! %# o-#& uj#-#& /'-' 3u# '&u' #jo- l'&



-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& %# l' +!%'* 2K0Los Modales

"El 'o- o 'c# '%' !%#!%o"*

8OCO &# '/-#c!' #l +'lo- %# l' co-$#&'* Muco& cuo& co-'9o#& &o o%'%o&o&, $!##o%'l#& 3u# c'-#c# %# o%'%* Muco& 3u# !&/!-' -#&/#$o /o- &u &!c#-!%'% -#c$!$u%, #&$5 $-!&$##$# %#&/-o+!&$o& %# '7'!l!%'%* E&$' 7'll' 'lo-' &u /-o/!'7#l!c!%'%, -#%uc# &u &#-+!c!o # 7'+o- %# lo& %#5&* Lo& %#&co-$#&#& &'c-!4c' uc'&%# l'& #6/#-!#c!'& 5& %ulc#& ##4c!o&'& %# l' +!%', co 7-#cu#c!' %#!%o ' &u 7'l$'%# -#?#6!*

Lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o& %##-' cul$!+'- #&/#c!'l#$# l' 'l#-' l' co-$#&'* To%o&/u#%# /o&##- u -o&$-o 7#l!9, u' +o9 &u'+# o%'l#& co-$#&#&> .&$o& &o #l##$o&/o%#-o&o&* Lo& !o& &# &!#$# '$-'%o& /o- lo& o%'l#& 'l#-#& '!o&o&* S! lo&$-'$' co o%'% co-$#&', '!7#&$'-5 #l !&o #&/-!$u 'c!' u&$#%#& #$-# &*

No &# '/-#%# l' +#-%'%#-' co-$#&' &ol'#$# /-'c$!c'%o l'& -#l'& %# u-'!%'%* E$o%o o#$o %## o&#-+'-&# u co/o-$'!#$o '%#cu'%o> %o%#3u!#-' 3u# o

'' 3u# $-'&!!- co lo& /-!c!/!o&, l' co&!%#-'c! 'c!' lo& %#5& !%uc!-5 ''%'/$'-&# ' co&$u-#& 'c#/$'%'&> /#-o l' +#-%'%#-' co-$#&' o -#3u!#-# #l &'c-!4c!o%# lo& /-!c!/!o& # '-'& %# lo& co+#c!o'l!&o& &oc!'l#&* No &'# %# c'&$'&* E&#' #l-#&/#$o /-o/!o, #l -#&/#$o ' l' %!!%'% %#l o-# # &u c'l!%'% %# $'l, l'co&!%#-'c! 'c!' $o%o !#-o %# l' -' co7-'$#-!%'% u''* 2K1

"E6!&$# #l /#l!-o %# coc#%#-l# %#'&!'%o +'lo- ' l' #-' 7o-' ' lo& o%'l#&, %#%!c'- %#'&!'%o $!#/o ' l' #%uc'c! # #&$# '&/#c$o* L' +!%' %# #&7u#-9o/#-&!&$#$# -#3u#-!%' %# $o%o jo+#, #l $-''jo %u-o ' #u%o %#&'-'%'l# 3u#-#3u!#-# !clu&o lo& %##-#& cou#& %# l' +!%', uco 5& cu'%o &# $-'$' %#'l!#-'- l' /#&'%' c'-' %# !o-'c!' %#&-'c!' %#l u%o, l# %#j' /oco lu'- ' lo&co+#c!o'l!&o&*"

"Muco& %# lo& 3u# l# %' uc' !/o-$'c!' ' l' u-'!%'%, '!4#&$' /oco -#&/#$o/o- $o%o lo 3u#, /o- #6c#l#$# 3u# &#', o cocu#-%' co &u o-' '-$!4c!'l %#co%uc$'* E&$o #& 7'l&' #%uc'c!* Fo#$' #l o-ullo u' 'c$!$u% %# c-$!c', coo'&!!&o u #&$-#co #6clu&!+!&o*"

"L' #&#c!' %# l' +#-%'%#-' co-$#&' #& l' co&!%#-'c! 'c!' lo& %#5&* L' #%uc'c!#&#c!'l %u-'%#-' #& l' 3u# '/l' #l 5!$o %# l' &!/'$', #&$!ul' l' o%'%'c!' $o%o #l u%o* L' /-#$#%!%' cul$u-' 3u# o !%uc# 'l jo+# ' &#- co#%!%o co&u& /'%-#&, ' '/-#c!'- &u& u#'& cu'l!%'%#&, ' &#- $ol#-'$# co &u& %#7#c$o& &olc!$oco &u& #c#&!%'%#&> 3u# o lo u#+# ' &#- co&!%#-'%o '7#c$uo&o, ' &#- ##-o&o

$!l co #l jo+#, #l 'c!'o #l %#&'7o-$u'%o, co-$.& co $o%o&, #& u 7-'c'&o*""S# '/-#%# 5& 'c#-c' %#l +#-%'%#-o -#4'!#$o %#l /#&'!#$o lo& o%'l#& # l'#&cu#l' %#l %!+!o M'#&$-o, 3u# /o- l' o&#-+'c!' %# -#l'& #&$'l#c!%'&* Su 'o-, 'lll#'- #l co-'9, %' 'l c'-5c$#- #&o& $o3u#& %# -#4'!#$o 3u# lo '&##j' 'l &uo*E&$' #%uc'c! !/'-$# u' %!!%'% 'c!%' # #l c!#lo u' oc! cl'-' %# lo 3u# #&co--#c$o* D' u' %ul9u-' 'l c'-5c$#- u' &u'+!%'% ' lo& o%'l#& 3u# j'5& /o%-5!u'l'- #l '-!9 &u/#-4c!'l %# l' &oc!#%'% #l#'$#*"

L 12oc

J@"L' B!l!' /-#&c-!# l' co-$#&' /-#&#$' uc'& !lu&$-'c!o#& %#l #&/-!$u'#'%o, l' -'c!' ''l# "2K2 " #l #!o '$-'c$!+o, 3u# c'-'c$#-!9' l' +#-%'%#-'co-$#&'* So &lo -#?#jo& %#l c'-5c$#- %# C-!&$o* D# .l /-oc#%# $o%' l' $#-u-' l'



co-$#&' +#-%'%#-'& %#l u%o, ' l' %# lo& 3u# o !+oc' &u o-#* .l %#&#' 3u##&$'& c'-'c$#-&$!c'& &# -#?#j# /#-7#c$'#$# # &u& !jo&* Su /-o/&!$o #& 3u# #o&o$-o& co$#/l# lo& o-#& &u #ll#9'*"

"El 5& +'l!o&o $-'$'%o 'c#-c' %# l' co-$#&' 3u# j'5& &# '' #&c-!$o, #& l' /-#c!o&'!&$-ucc! %'%' /o- #l S'l+'%o-, #%!'$# l' '!7#&$'c! %#l E&/-!$u S'$o /o- #%!o%#l '/&$ol 8'lo, /'l'-'& 3u# %##-' &#- -''%'& !%#l#l##$# # l' #o-!' %#$o%o &#- u'o, jo+# o 'c!'o:"

"Coo o o& # ''%o, 3u# $'!. o& '.!& uo& ' o$-o&"*"Coo o o& # ''%o, 3u#$'!. o& '.!& uo& ' o$-o&"*=u' 1;: ;K* (No$': =u' 1;: ;K*<)

"El 'o- #& &u7-!%o, #& #!o>"

"El 'o- o $!## #+!%!',"

"El 'o- o #& j'c$'c!o&o,"

"No &# #+'#c#>"

"No 'c# '%' !%#!%o,"

"No u&c' lo &uo,"

"No &# !--!$', o u'-%' -#co->"

"No &# o9' %# l' !ju&$!c!',"

"M'& &# o9' %# l' +#-%'%*"

"To%o lo &u7-#, $o%o lo c-##,"

"To%o lo #&/#-', $o%o lo &o/o-$'*"

El 'o- uc' %#j' %# &#-"*El 'o- uc' %#j' %# &#-"*1 Co-* 1;* K* (No$': 1 Co-* 1;* K*<)

O$-o %o /-#c!o&o 3u# %##-' &#- cu!%'%o&'#$# cul$!+'%o #& l' -#+#-#c!'* L'+#-%'%#-' -#+#-#c!' 'c!' D!o& $!## &u o-!# # l' co/-#&! %# &u !4!$'-'%#9', # l' &#&'c! %# &u /-#&#c!'* El co-'9 %# $o%o !o %##-' &#-/-o7u%'#$# !/-#&!o'%o /o- #&$' /-#&#c!' %#l I+!&!l#* D##-' #&#'-&# 'l !o' co&!%#-'- &'-'%o& l' o-' #l 2K; lu'- %# l' o-'c! lo& cul$o& /l!co&, /o-3u#D!o& #&$5 # #llo&* 'l '!7#&$'- -#+#-#c!' # l' 'c$!$u% l' co%uc$', #l &#$!!#$o

3u# lo !&/!-# &# /-o7u%!9'-5*Co+#%-' $'$o ' lo& j+##& coo ' lo& 'c!'o& #&$u%!'-, #%!$'- ' #u%o -#/#$!-l'& /'l'-'& %# l' S'$' E&c-!$u-' 3u# #6/l!c' co %##-' co&!%#-'-&# #l lu'-&#'l'%o /o- l' /-#&#c!' #&/#c!'l %# D!o&*

" %!jo: No $# 'c#-3u#&> 3u!$' c'l9'%o %# $u& /!#&, /o-3u# #l lu'- # 3u# $ #&$5&, $!#--'&'$' #&"*" %!jo: No $# 'c#-3u#&> 3u!$' c'l9'%o %# $u& /!#&, /o-3u# #l lu'- # 3u# $#&$5&, $!#--' &'$' #&"*E6o* ;* J* (No$': E6o* ;* J*<)

='co, %#&/u.& %# co$#/l'- l' +!&! %# lo& 5#l#&, #6cl': "C!#-$'#$# =#o+5



#&$5 # #&$# lu'- o o lo &''*** No #& o$-' co&' 3u# c'&' %# D!o&, /u#-$' %#lc!#lo"*"C!#-$'#$# =#o+5 #&$5 # #&$# lu'- o o lo &''*** No #& o$-' co&' 3u# c'&'%# D!o&, /u#-$' %#l c!#lo"*.* 2: 1, 1*"M'& =#o+5 #&$5 # &u &'$o $#/lo> c'll#%#l'$# %# .l $o%' l' $!#--'"*"M'& =#o+5 #&$5 # &u &'$o $#/lo> c'll# %#l'$# %# .l$o%' l' $!#--'"*'* 2: 20* (No$': .* 2: 1, 1*<'* 2: 20*<)

"8o-3u# =#o+5 #& D!o& -'%#,"M 1;

oc

@" R# -'%# &o-# $o%o& lo& %!o&#&***"

"V#!%, '%o-#o& /o&$-.oo&>"

"A--o%!ll.oo& %#l'$# %# =#o+5 u#&$-o 'c#%o-"*"

"El o !9o, o o&o$-o& ' o&o$-o& !&o&>"

"8u#lo &uo &oo&, o+#j'& %# &u /-'%o*"

"E$-'% /o- &u& /u#-$'& co 'cc! %# -'c!'&, "

"8o- &u& '$-!o& co 'l''9'>"

Al''%l#, #%#c!% &u o-#"*Al''%l#, #%#c!% &u o-#"*S'l* J: ;> 100: ;, K*(No$': S'l* J: ;> 100: ;, K* <)

T'!. &# %##-' '!7#&$'- -#+#-#c!' 'c!' #l o-# %# D!o&* Nuc' &# lo %#!#-'/-ouc!'- ' l' l!#-' o co !%!7#-#c!'* '&$' # l' o-'c! '-' 3u# #+!$'- &u-#/#$!c! 7-#cu#$# o !#c#&'-!'*

"S'$o $#!l# #& &u o-#"S'$o $#!l# #& &u o-#"* Lo& 5#l#&, 'l/-ouc!'-lo, cu-# &u& -o&$-o&* Co cu5$' -#+#-#c!' %##-'o& /-ouc!'-loo&o$-o& 3u# &oo& c'%o& /#c'%o-#&P 2KK T#%-'o& 3u# -#+#-#c!'- l' 8'l'-' %#D!o&* D##-'o& '!7#&$'- -#&/#$o /o- c'%' #j#/l'- %# #ll' o %'-l# u&o& cou#& !

'#j'-lo %#&cu!%'%'#$#* Nuc' &# %##-' c!$'- l' E&c-!$u-' # -o', ! u&'%' /'-'%#c!- u c!&$#* "To%' /'l'-' %# D!o& #& l!/!'"* "Coo /l'$' -#4'%' # o-o %#$!#--', /u-!4c'%' &!#$# +#c#&"*"To%' /'l'-' %# D!o& #& l!/!'"* "Coo /l'$' -#4'%' #o-o %# $!#--', /u-!4c'%' &!#$# +#c#&"*8-o+* ;0: J> S'l* 12: * (No$': S'l* 111: *<8-o+*;0: J> S'l* 12: *<)

So-# $o%o &# %##-' #&#'- ' lo& !o& 3u# l' +#-%'%#-' -#+#-#c!' &# '!4#&$' /o-#%!o %# l' o#%!#c!'* N'%' %# lo 3u# D!o& ' o-%#'%o c'-#c# %# !/o-$'c!' o' o$-' '#-' %# '!7#&$'- -#+#-#c!' 3u# $'$o l# '-'%# coo l' o#%!#c!' ' lo3u# .l ' %!co*

S# %##-' -#+#-#c!'- ' lo& -#/-#&#$'$#& %# D!o&: /'&$o-#&, '#&$-o& /'%-#&,ll''%o& ' 'l'- 'c$u'- # &u lu'-* S# o-' ' D!o& cu'%o &# '!4#&$' -#&/#$o /o-#llo&*

D!o& ' '%'%o #&/#c!'l#$# 3u# &# '!4#&$# $!#-o -#&/#$o 'c!' lo& 'c!'o&*"Co-o' %# o-' #& l' +#j#9 3u# &# 'll' # #l c'!o %# ju&$!c!' " "Co-o' %# o-' #&l' +#j#9 3u# &# 'll' # #l c'!o %# ju&$!c!' " * 'l' %# '$'ll'& 3u# &# l!-'-o +!c$o-!'& 3u# &# ''-o> %# -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 3u# &# '&u!#-o %# $#$'c!o#& 3u#&# -#&!&$!#-o, 'l' %# /!#& c'&'%o& 3u# &# 'c#-c' 'l %#&c'&o, %# /u#&$o& 3u#/-o$o 3u#%'-5 +'c'$#&* A%#&# ' lo& !o& ' /#&'- # #&$o, #$oc#& 'll''-5 #lc'!o %# lo& 'c!'o& #%!'$# &u co-$#&' &u -#&/#$o, ''%!-5 -'c!' #ll#9' '



&u& j+##& +!%'& &! /-#&$' '$#c! ' #&$# '%'$o: "D#l'$# %# l'& c''& $#l#+'$'-5&, o-'-5& #l -o&$-o %#l 'c!'o"*"D#l'$# %# l'& c''& $# l#+'$'-5&, o-'-5& #l -o&$-o %#l 'c!'o"*L#+* 1: ;2* (No$': 8-o+* 1: ;1*<L#+* 1: ;2*<)

Lo& /'%-#&, l'& '%-#& lo& '#&$-o& #c#&!$' '/-#c!'- 5& /l#'#$# l'-#&/o&'!l!%'% #l oo- 3u# D!o& l#& ' co7#-!%o 'l 'c#-lo&, co -#&/#c$o 'l !o,&u& /-o/!o& -#/-#&#$'$#&* El c'-5c$#- 3u# '!4#&$# # &u co%uc$' %# $o%o& lo&%'&, l# &#-+!-5 'l !o /'-' !$#-/-#$'-, /'-' !# o /'-' 'l, #&$'& /'l'-'& %# D!o&:

"Coo #l /'%-# &# co/'%#c# %# lo& !jo&, &# co/'%#c# =#o+5 %# lo& 3u# l# $##"*"Coo '3u#l ' 3u!# co&u#l' &u '%-#, '& o& co&ol'-. o ' +o&o$-o&"Coo #l /'%-#&# co/'%#c# %# lo& !jo&, &# co/'%#c# =#o+5 %# lo& 3u# l# $##"* "Coo '3u#l '3u!# co&u#l' &u '%-#, '& o& co&ol'-. o ' +o&o$-o&"* (No$': S'l* 10;: 1;> I&'* :1;*<)

F#l!9 #l !o # 3u!# #&$'& /'l'-'& %#&/!#-$' 'o-, -'$!$u% co4'9'> /'-' 3u!# l'$#-u-', l' ju&$!c!' l' $ol#-'c!' %# lo& /'%-#& #l '#&$-o !$#-/-#$' #l 'o-, l'

ju&$!c!' l' $ol#-'c!' %# D!o&> #l !o 3u#, /o- l' co4'9', l' &u!&! l' -#+#-#c!''c!' &u& /-o$#c$o-#& $#--#'l#& '/-#%# ' co4'-, o#%#c#- -#+#-#c!'- ' &u D!o&*A3u#l 3u# !/'-$# 'l !o o 'l 'luo &##j'$# %o, lo %o$' %# u $#&o-o 5& /-#c!o&o

3u# l' -!3u#9' %# $o%o& lo& &!lo&: U $#&o-o $' %u-'%#-o coo l' #$#-!%'%*

M 1Koc

@ La Relación de la Indumentaria con la Educación

"S# '$'+# %# -o/' %#co-o&'"* "To%' lo-!o&' #& l' !j' %#l -# # &u o-'%'"*"

"N0 8UEDE &#- co/l#$o ! &!&$#' %# #%uc'c! 3u# o #&## /-!c!/!o& &'o&# cu'$o ' l' !%u#$'-!'* S! c'-#c# %# #&' #&#'9', l' o-' %# l' #%uc'c! '#u%o &# #&$'c' &# /#-+!#-$#* El 'o- ' lo& +#&$!%o& l' %#+oc! ' l' o%' &#cu#$' #$-# lo& 5& 7o-!%'l#& -!+'l#& lo& o&$5culo& 5& #7#c$!+o& %#l '#&$-o*"

"L' o%' #& u' '' 3u# o!#-' co 'o %# !#--o* E uc&!o& o'-#& &u&#6!#c!'& '&o-# l' 7u#-9', #l $!#/o l' '$#c! %# /'%-#& # !jo&* Lo& -!co& $!##l' '!c! %# &u/#-'-&# uo& ' o$-o& 'l &#u!- &u& #&$!lo& &!#/-# c'!'$#&> l' cl'&##%!' lo& /o-#& &# #&7u#-9' /o- '/-o6!'-&# ' l' o-' #&$'l#c!%' /o- lo& 3u#&u/o# &u/#-!o-#&* Do%# lo& #%!o& o l' 7u#-9' &o l!!$'%o&, #& -'%# l' '!c!%# /#-$##c#- ' l' cl'&# &oc!'l &u/#-!o-, l' c'-' -#&ul$' c'&! !&o/o-$'l#*"

"A uc'& /#-&o'& o l#& !/o-$' 3u# u +#&$!%o &#' &#$'%o- o #-o&o> &! l' o%'c'!', lo -#7o-' o lo %#&#c'* Lo& !#-o& %# l' 7'!l!' #&$5 co%#'%o& '$-''j'- !c#&'$##$#* No $!## $!#/o /'-' #%uc'- ' lo& !o&, o-'- o #&$u%!'- l'B!l!', ! 'u%'- ' lo& /#3u#o& ' cooc#- ' D!o& /o- #%!o %# &u& o-'&* "

"No $!## $!#/o ! %!#-o /'-' 'c#- o-'& %# c'-!%'%, co 7-#cu#c!' l' /-o+!&! %#&u #&' #& #&c'&'* El!# 'l #l 'l!#$o lo /-#/'-' /-#c!/!$'%'#$#, /'-'&'$!&7'c#- &lo # /'-$# l'& %#'%'& %#l o-'!&o* El -#&ul$'%o #& l' '%3u!&!c! %#'lo& 5!$o& %# 'l!#$'c! 3u# c'u&' #7#-#%'%#& o co%uc# ' l'!$#/#-'c!'*"

"El 'o- ' l' o&$#$'c! /-o%uc# #6$-'+''c!' # uco& j+##& '$' l' '&/!-'c!' ll#+'- u' +!%' 5& ol#* E +#9 %# #&7o-9'-&# /o- o$##- u' #%uc'c!, /-o$oco&!u# u #/l#o /'-' ''- %!#-o &'$!&7'c#- l' /'&! /o- lo& +#&$!%o&* #&$'/'&! co%uc# ' 5& %# u' jo+# ' l' -u!'*"



"E uco& o'-#& lo& -#cu-&o& %# l' 7'!l!' -#&ul$' !&u4c!#$#&* El /'%-#, !c'/'9 %#&'$!&7'c#- l'& %#'%'& %# l' '%-# lo& !jo&, &# &!#$# $#$'%o ' /-oc#%#- co%#&o#&$!%'%, #l -#&ul$'%o $'!. #& l' -u!' l' %#&o-'*"

"N! &!3u!#-' #l %' %# %#&c'&o lo& cul$o& &# l!-' %#l %o!!o %# l' o%'* 8o- #lco$-'-!o, /-o/o-c!o' l' o/o-$u!%'% /'-' #l 'o- %#&/l!#u# %# &u /o%#-* L' !l#&!'&# $-'&7o-' # u' #&/#c!# %# %#&4l# %# o%'&, &# #&$u%!' .&$'& 5& 3u# #l

&#-* Lo& /o-#&, !c'/'c#& %# -#&/o%#- ' l'& %#'%'& %# l' o%', /#-'#c#7u#-' %# l' !l#&!'* El %' %# %#&c'&o $-'&cu--# # l' oc!o&!%'% , /'-' l' ju+#$u%, co7-#cu#c!' # co/''& %#&o-'l!9'%o-'&*"

"E l' #&cu#l', #l +#&$!%o !'/-o/!'%o # !co%o !c'/'c!$' ' l'& !'& /'-' #l #&$u%!o ol' -#c-#'c!* Su& #$#& #&$5 /-#ocu/'%'&, #& $'-#' %!7c!l /'-' 3u!# #&#'%#&/#-$'- &u !$#-.&*"

"8'-' -o/#- #l #c'$o %# l' o%', #l '#&$-o o #cu#$-' ' #u%o #%!o 5&#4c'9 3u# #l co$'c$o co l' '$u-'l#9'* u&$# lo& 'luo& l' %#l!c!' %# #&$'- ju$o 'u -o, u l'o o #l '-> $-#/# /o- l'& col!'&, co$#/l# l' lo-!' %# l' /u#&$' %#l &ol, #6/lo-# lo& $#&o-o& %#l o&3u# " #l c'/o> coo9c' #l /l'c#- %# cul$!+'- /l'$'&

?o-#&, l' !/o-$'c!' %# u' c!$' o u '%o-o &u/#-?uo l#& -#&ul$'-5 !&!!4c'$#*"

"5'&# +#- ' lo& !o& 3u# # l' !%u#$'-!', lo !&o 3u# # #l -.!# 'l!#$'-lo,l' +!%' &#c!ll' #& I%!&/#&'l# /'-' #l /#&'!#$o #l#+'%o* 5'&#l#& +#- cu5$o '3u# '/-#%#- 'c#-> cu5 /-#c!o&o& &o lo& %'& %# l' ju+#$u% coo /-#/'-'c! /'-'l' o-' %# l' +!%'* A%#&#l#& ' %#&cu-!- lo& $#&o-o& 3u# ' # l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&, # #ll!-o %# l' '$u-'l#9' # l'& !&$o-!'& %# l'& +!%'& ol#&*"

"D!-j'&# &u& #$#& ' lo& %ol!#$#& 3u# /o%-' 'l!+!'-* A%#&#l#& ' +#- 3u# /o- c'%'/#&o %#--oc'%o # lujo&, #l 3u# lo '&$' &# /-!+' %# #%!o& %# 'l!#$'- 'l '-!#$o,+#&$!- 'l %#&u%o co&ol'- 'l '?!!%o*"

"No /u#%# /#-!$!-&# %#&/#-%!c!'- l'& lo-!o&'& o/o-$u!%'%#& %# l' +!%', /'-' '$-o4'-l' #$#, '--u!'- l' &'lu% l' 7#l!c!%'%, /o- o#%#c#- '%'$o& 3u# o $!##7u%'#$o # l' -'9, l' coo%!%'% ! l' #l#'c!'*"

Al !&o $!#/o %##-' #&#'-&# ' lo& j+##& ' '/-#%#- #&$' l#cc! %# l''$u-'l#9': Al !&o $!#/o %##-' #&#'-&# ' lo& j+##& ' '/-#%#- #&$' l#cc! %#l' '$u-'l#9': "To%o lo !9o #-o&o # &u $!#/o"*"To%o lo !9o #-o&o # &u$!#/o"*Ecl* ;: 11* E #l +#&$!%o, lo !&o 3u# # $o%'& l'& %#5& co&'&, $##o& #l/-!+!l#!o %# o-'- ' u#&$-o C-#'%o-* No &lo %#&#' 3u# .&$# &#' l!/!', &'lu%'l#,&!o '/-o/!'%o &#$'%o-* (No$': Ecl* ;: 11*<)

= 1Joc @ S# ju9' #l c'-5c$#- %# u' /#-&o' /o- #l #&$!lo %# &u +#&$!%o* El u&$o -#4'%o l' #$# cul$!+'%' &# -#+#l'-5 # l' #l#cc! %# '$'+o& &#c!llo& '/-o/!'%o&* L' c'&$'&#c!ll#9 # #l +#&$!-, u!%' ' l' o%#&$!' %# l' co%uc$', #j#-c#-5 u' %#c!&!+' !?u#c!'/'-' -o%#'- ' u' jo+# %# u' '$&7#-' %# -#&#-+' &'-'%', 3u# ' &u +#9 &#-5 /'-'#ll' u #&cu%o co$-' !l#& %# /#l!-o&*

E&.#&# ' l'& !'& 3u# #l '-$# %# +#&$!- !clu# l' '!l!%'% %# co7#cc!o'- &u&/-o/!o& +#&$!%o&* To%' jo+# %##-' 'l#-'- #&$' '!c!* E& u #%!o /'-' lo-'-u$!l!%'% # !%#/#%#c!' 3u# o /u#%# /#-!$!-&# %#&/#-%!c!'-*

E& ju&$o ''- l' #ll#9' %#&#'-l'> /#-o D!o& %#&#' 3u# /-!#-o '#o& u&3u#o&



l' #ll#9' &u/#-!o-, !/#-#c#%#-'* L'& /-o%ucc!o#& 5& %#&coll'$#& %#l !#!ou'o o /o&## #ll#9' 'lu' 3u# /u#%' co/'-'-&# ' l' #-o&u-' %# c'-5c$#-3u# ' &u +!&$' #& %# "-' /-#c!o"*

E&.#&# ' lo& j+##& !o& ' #&co#- /'-' & l' +#&$!%u-' -#'l $#j!%' # #l $#l'- %#lc!#lo, #l "l!o 4o, l!/!o*** -#&/l'%#c!#$#"l!o 4o, l!/!o*** -#&/l'%#c!#$#"A/oc* 1:* 3u# u&'-5 $o%o& lo& &'$o& %# l' $!#--'* S# o7-#c# -'$u!$'#$# ' $o%o &#- u'o#&$' +#&$!%u-', #l c'-5c$#- !'cul'%o %# C-!&$o* 8#-o $o%o& lo& 3u# l' -#c!' l' ' %#

-#c!!- u&'- '3u* (No$': A/oc* 1: *<)E&.#&# ' lo& !o& 3u# 'l '-!- l' #$# ' lo& /#&'!#$o& /u-o& ''$#&, 'l'c#- 'lo $!l ''l#, &# +!&$# co #l #-o&o '$u#%o %#l c'-5c$#- %# C-!&$o* E&#$-'j# l#& %'-5 #-o&u-' # !?u!-5 /'-' 3u# &#' ''%o& '3u, 5& '%#l'$# &#-5 &u$$ulo %# '%!&! 'l /'l'c!o %#l R#* Su /-o#&' #&: "A%'-5 co!o # +#&$!%u-'&l'c'&, /o-3u# &o %!o&"A%'-5 co!o # +#&$!%u-'& l'c'&, /o-3u# &o%!o&"*2J0 (No$': A/oc* ;: K*< )

El $<!ado

"S#-5 u' &#'l #$-# +o&o$-o&*** /'-' 3u# &#/5!& 3u# o &o =#o+5*"

EL VALOR %#l &5'%o coo #%!o %# #%uc'c! #& !#&$!'l#* Cu'l3u!#- co&' 3u# D!o&o& /!%', o& l' %#+u#l+# #-!3u#c!%' $-'&4u-'%' co &u /-o/!' lo-!'* El %!#9o 3u#/#%' ' I&-'#l #-' %#%!c'%o ' co&#-+'- #$-# lo& o-#&, # &u lo-!o&' #ll#9', #lo%#lo %# &u $#/lo # #l c!#lo, l' &#'l %# &u /-#&#c!' # l' $!#--'* D#l !&o o%o,l' /o-c! %# $!#/o 3u# /!%# o& #& %#+u#l$' co &u o-# &u &#llo* E& "u' &#'l"u' &#'l %!c#, #$-# +o&o$-o&* * * /'-' 3u# &#/5!& 3u# o &o =#o+5", #$-# +o&o$-o&* * * /'-' 3u# &#/5!& 3u# o &o =#o+5"> /o-3u# "# &#!& %'& !9o =#o+5 lo&c!#lo& l' $!#--', #l '-, $o%'& l'& co&'& 3u# # #llo& ', -#/o& # #l &./$!o %'>/o- $'$o, =#o+5 #%!jo #l %' %# -#/o&o lo &'$!4c"# &#!& %'& !9o =#o+5 lo& c!#lo& l' $!#--', #l '-, $o%'& l'& co&'& 3u# # #llo& ', -#/o& # #l &./$!o %'> /o-$'$o, =#o+5 #%!jo #l %' %# -#/o&o lo &'$!4c"* (No$': E6o* ;1: 1;> 20: 11*<)

El &5'%o #& u' &#'l %#l /o%#- c-#'%o- -#%#$o-> &#'l' ' D!o& coo 7u#$# %# +!%' cooc!!#$o> -#cu#-%' 'l o-# l' lo-!' /-!!$!+' '& %' $#&$!o!o %#l /-o/&!$o%# D!o& %# +ol+#-o& ' c-#'- ' &u !'#*

El &5'%o l' 7'!l!' 7u#-o !&$!$u!%o& # #l E%., # #l /-o/&!$o %# D!o& #&$5!%!&olul##$# u!%o&* E #&# %', 5& 3u# # cu'l3u!#- o$-o, o& #& /o&!l# +!+!- l'+!%' %#l E%.* E-' #l /l' %# D!o& 3u# lo& !#-o& %# l' 7'!l!' &# '&oc!'-' # 2J1 #l$-''jo #l #&$u%!o, # #l cul$o l' -#c-#'c!, #l /'%-# coo &'c#-%o$# %# &u c'&', .l l' '%-#, coo '#&$-o& co/'#-o& %# &u& !jo&* 8#-o lo& -#&ul$'%o& %#l /#c'%o, 'lo%!4c'- l'& co%!c!o#& %# l' +!%', ' !/#%!%o, # #6$#&o -'%o, #&$' '&oc!'c!*

Co 7-#cu#c!' ocu--# 3u# #l /'%-# '/#'& +# lo& -o&$-o& %# &u& !jo& %u-'$# l' &#''*S# #cu#$-' c'&! $o$'l#$# /-!+'%o %# l' o/o-$u!%'% %# &#- co/'#-o %# #llo& #!&$-u!-lo&* 8#-o #l 'o- %# D!o& ' /u#&$o u l!$# ' l'& #6!#c!'& %#l $-''jo* E &u%' -#&#-+' ' l' 7'!l!' l' o/o-$u!%'% %# $##- cou! co .l, co l' '$u-'l#9' co&u /-j!o*

8u#&$o 3u# #l &5'%o #& u' !&$!$uc! -#co-%'$!+' %#l /o%#- c-#'%o- #&, #$-# $o%o& lo&%'&, '3u#l # 3u# %##-'o& 7'!l!'-!9'-o& #&/#c!'l#$# co D!o& /o- #%!o %# &u&o-'&* E l' #$# %# lo& !o&, #l &olo /#&'!#$o %#l &5'%o %##-' #&$'- l!'%o 'l%# l' #ll#9' %# l'& co&'& '$u-'l#&* F#l!9 l' 7'!l!' 3u# /u#%# !- 'l lu'- %# cul$o #l&5'%o, coo =#&& &u& %!&c/ulo& !' ' l' &!'o', ' $-'+.& %# c'/o& o&3u#&, o



' lo l'-o %# l' co&$' %#l l'o* F#l!c#& lo& /'%-#& 3u# /u#%# #&#'- ' &u& !jo& l'8'l'-' #&c-!$' %# D!o& co !lu&$-'c!o#& o$#!%'& %# l'& /5!'& '!#-$'& %#l l!-o %# l''$u-'l#9'> 3u# /u#%# -#u!-&# 'jo lo& 5-ol#& +#-%#&, 'l '!-# 7-#&co /u-o, /'-'#&$u%!'- l' 8'l'-' c'$'- 'l''9'& 'l 8'%-# c#l#&$!'l*

V 1oc

@ 8o- #%!o %# #&$' -#l'c!, lo& /'%-#& /u#%# l!'- &u& !jo& ' &u& co-'9o#&, %##&$# o%o ' D!o&, co l'9o& 3u# uc' /o%-5 &# 3u#-'$'%o&*

Coo #%!o& %# #%uc'c! !$#l#c$u'l, l'& o/o-$u!%'%#& 3u# o7-#c# #l &5'%o &o

!'/-#c!'l#&* E&$%!#&# l' l#cc! %# l' #&cu#l' &'5$!c', o /o- #%!o %# u' -5/!%'oj#'%' %'%' 'l $#6$o %# l' l#cc! #l &5'%o %# ''', &!o #%!'$# #l #&$u%!ocu!%'%o&o %# l' l#cc! /'-' l' &#'' &!u!#$#, #l &5'%o %# $'-%#, #l -#/'&o l'#j#/l!4c'c! %!'-!o& %u-'$# l' &#''* A& l' l#cc! &# -''-5 # l' #o-!' &#-5u $#&o-o 3u# j'5& &# /#-%#-5 $o$'l#$#*

Al #&cuc'- u &#-, lo& /'%-#& lo& !o& %##-' 'o$'- #l $#6$o lo& +#-&culo&c!$'%o& , $'$o coo &#' /o&!l#, l' !l'c! %#l /#&'!#$o, /'-' -#/#$-&#lo& uo& 'o$-o& # l' c'&'* E&$o co$-!u!-5 ' 'l!+!'- #l c'&'c!o co 3u# lo& !o& $' ' #u%o#&cuc' u &#-, cul$!+'-5 # $o%o& #l 5!$o %# /-#&$'- '$#c! &#u!- lo&/#&'!#$o& 3u# &# /-#&#$'*

L' #%!$'c! # lo& $#'& &u#-!%o& '-!-5 'l #&$u%!'$# $#&o-o& # lo& 3u# j'5& &o, #6/#-!#$'-5 # &u +!%' l' -#'l!%'% %# #&$' %#cl'-'c! l!c':

"Fu#-o 'll'%'& $u& /'l'-'&, o l'& co> $u /'l'-' # 7u# /o- o9o /o- 'l#-'%# ! co-'9"*"Fu#-o 'll'%'& $u& /'l'-'&, o l'& co> $u /'l'-' # 7u# /o-o9o /o- 'l#-' %# ! co-'9"*=#-* 1J: 1* (No$': =#-* 1J: 1*<)

" #%!$'-. # $u& #&$'$u$o&"* "D#&#'l#& &o 5& 3u# #l o-o, 5& 3u# uco o-o'4'%o*** Tu &!#-+o #& '%#5& 'o#&$'%o co #llo&> # u'-%'-lo& ' -'%#'l'-%"*" #%!$'-. # $u& #&$'$u$o&"* "D#&#'l#& &o 5& 3u# #l o-o, 5& 3u#uco o-o '4'%o*** Tu &!#-+o #& '%#5& 'o#&$'%o co #llo&> # u'-%'-lo& '-'%# 'l'-%"*S'l* 11: K> 1: 10; 11*2J; (No$': S'l* 11: K> 1: 10; 11*< )

La Fe y la #ración

"E&, /u#&, l' 7# l' c#-$#9' %# lo 3u# &# #&/#-'"* "C-##% 3u# lo -#c!!-.!&, o& +#%-5"*"

LA FE &!!4c' co4'- # D!o&, c-##- 3u# o& '' &'# #jo- 3u. #& lo 3u# oco+!##* 8o- #&o o& !%uc# ' #&co#- &u c'!o # lu'- %#l u#&$-o* E +#9 %#u#&$-' !o-'c!', 'c#/$' &u &'!%u-'> # +#9 %# u#&$-' %#!l!%'%, &u 7u#-9'> # +#9%# u#&$-' /#c'!o&!%'%, &u ju&$!c!'* Nu#&$-' +!%', o&o$-o& !&o&, ' &oo& &uo&>l' 7# -#cooc# &u %#-#co %# /-o/!#%'%, 'c#/$' &u #%!c!* L' +#-%'%, l' ju&$!c!' l'/u-#9' ' &!%o &#'l'%'& coo lo& &#c-#$o& %#l .6!$o # l' +!%'* E& l' 7# l' 3u# o&

/o# # /o&#&! %# #&$o& /-!c!/!o&* To%o u# !/ul&o o '&/!-'c! #& u %o %# D!o&> l' 7# -#c!# %# D!o& l' !c' +!%' 3u#/u#%# /-o%uc!- %#&'--ollo #4c!#c!' +#-%'%#-o&*

S# %##-' #6/l!c'- cl'-'#$# co &# /u#%# #j#-c#- 7#* To%' /-o#&' %# D!o& $!##c!#-$'& co%!c!o#&* S! #&$'o& %!&/u#&$o& ' 'c#- &u +olu$'%, $o%' &u 7u#-9' o&/#-$##c#* Cu'l3u!#- %o 3u# o& /-o#$' &# #cu#$-' # l' /-o#&' !&'* "L'&#!ll' #& l' /'l'-' %# D!o&"*"L' &#!ll' #& l' /'l'-' %# D!o&"*Luc* : 11* T'c!#-$'#$# coo &# #cu#$-' l' &#!ll' %#l -ol# # l' #llo$'* &# #cu#$-' #l %o %#D!o& # &u /-o#&'* S! -#c!!o& l' /-o#&', -#c!!o& #l %o* (No$': Luc* : 11*<)



L' 7# 3u# o& c'/'c!$' /'-' -#c!!- lo& %o#& %# D!o&, #& # & !&' u %o %#l cu'l &#!/'-$# u' /o-c! ' c'%' &#- u'o* Au#$' ' #%!%' 3u# &# l' u&' /'-' '&!!l'-l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&* A 4 %# 2JK 7o-$'l#c#- l' 7# %##o& /o#-l' ' #u%o # co$'c$oco l' 8'l'-'*

Al #&$u%!'- l' B!l!', #l #&$u%!'$# %##-' &#- !%uc!%o ' +#- #l /o%#- %# l' 8'l'-' %#D!o&* E oc'&! %# l' c-#'c!, ".l %!jo, 7u# #co> .l '%, #6!&$!"*".l %!jo, 7u#

#co> .l '%, #6!&$!"* El "ll'' l'& co&'& 3u# o &o, coo &! 7u#&#"ll'' l'&co&'& 3u# o &o, coo &! 7u#&#"S'l* ;;: > Ro* K: 1*, /o-3u# cu'%o l'& ll'',#$oc#& #6!&$#* (No$': S'l* ;;: > Ro* K: 1*<)

S 1oc

0@Cu5 ' #u%o lo& 3u# co4'-o # l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&, 'u3u# #-' # & !&o&co/l#$'#$# !/o$#$#&, ' -#&!&$!%o #l /o%#- %#l u%o #$#-oP Eoc, %# co-'9/u-o +!%' &'$', /u&o &u 7# # #l $-!u7o %# l' ju&$!c!' 7-#$# ' u' ##-'c! co--u/$' u-l'%o-'> No. &u c'&' -#&!&$!#-o ' lo& o-#& %# &u ./oc', o-#& %# -'7u#-9' 7&!c' #$'l, %# l' 5& %#-'%'%' o-'l!%'%> lo& !jo& %# I&-'#l, 3u# ju$o 'lM'- Rojo o #-' 5& 3u# u' !%#7#&' '$#--o-!9'%' ul$!$u% %# #&cl'+o&, -#&!&$!#-o'l 5& /o%#-o&o #j.-c!$o %# l' 5& /o%#-o&' 'c! %#l loo> D'+!%, 3u# #-' &lo u/'&$o-c!llo ' 3u!# D!o& l# '' /-o#$!%o #l $-oo, -#&!&$! ' S'l, #l o'-c' -#!'$#,

%!&/u#&$o ' o c#%#- &u /o%#-* El !&o #co &# %#&$'c' # #l c'&o %# S'%-'c &u&co/'#-o& # #l o-o %# 7u#o N'uco%oo&o- # #l $-oo> D'!#l #$-# lo& l#o#& &u& ##!o& # lo& /u#&$o& #l#+'%o& %#l -#!o> =#&& # l' c-u9 lo& &'c#-%o$#& /-c!/#& ju%o& 3u# /-#&!o'-o 'l o#-'%o- -o'o /'-' 3u# !c!#-' &u +olu$'%>8'lo #c'%#'%o co%#'%o ' &u7-!- l' u#-$# %# u c-!!'l, N#-, %.&/o$' %# u!/#-!o u%!'l*

No &lo # l' B!l!' &# #cu#$-' #&$o& #j#/lo&* Au%' # lo& ''l#& %#l /-o-#&ou'o* Lo& +'l%#&#& lo& uoo$#&, Z!cl#7 u&, =#-!o Lu$#-o, T%'l# [o6,!9#%o-7 Z#&l#, uco& 5&, ' %'%o $#&$!o!o %#l /o%#- %# l' 8'l'-' %#D!o& co$-' #l /o%#- #l /-oc#%#- u'o& 3u# '/o' 'l 'l* E&$o& co&$!$u# l'+#-%'%#-' ol#9' %#l u%o* Co&$!$u# &u -#'l#9'* S# !+!$' ' lo& j+##& %# o '

ocu/'- &u& lu'-#&*

L' 7# #& #c#&'-!' $'$o # lo& '&u$o& 5& /#3u#o& coo # lo& 'o-#& %# l' +!%'*E $o%o& u#&$-o& #oc!o& u#&$-'& ocu/'c!o#& %!'-!'&, l' 7u#-9' &u&$#$'%o-' %#D!o& ll#' ' &#- -#'l /'-' o&o$-o& /o- #%!o %# u' co4'9' co&$'$#*

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#&7u#-9o #co /'-' %!-!!- &u 7# 'l u' Au%'%o- !7'l!l#P

Coo #&cu%o co$-' l' $#$'c! # !&/!-'c! /'-' &#- /u-o& &!c#-o&, !u'!?u#c!' /u#%# !u'l'- ' l' %# l' &#&'c! %# l' /-#&#c!' %# D!o&* "To%'& l'& co&'&#&$5 %#&u%'& '!#-$'& ' lo& ojo& %# A3u#l ' 3u!# $##o& 3u# %'- cu#$'"* "Mul!/!o #-#& %# ojo& /'-' +#- #l 'l, ! /u#%#& +#- #l '-'+!o"To%'& l'& co&'& #&$5%#&u%'& '!#-$'& ' lo& ojo& %# A3u#l ' 3u!# $##o& 3u# %'- cu#$'"* "Mu l!/!o#-#& %# ojo& /'-' +#- #l 'l, ! /u#%#& +#- #l '-'+!o" E&$# /#&'!#$o 7u# #l #&cu%o%# =o&. # #%!o %# l' co--u/c! %# E!/$o* Su -#&/u#&$' ' lo& '$-'c$!+o& %# l'$#$'c! 7u# 4-#: "GCo, /u#&, '-' o #&$# -'%# 'l, /#c'-' co$-'D!o&"*"GCo, /u#&, '-' o #&$# -'%# 'l, /#c'-' co$-' D!o&"* L' 7#, &! &# l'



cul$!+', &#-5 u #&cu%o /'-' $o%' 'l'* (No$': #* K: 1;> '* 1: 1;*<.* ;: *<)

Sol'#$# l' &#&'c! %# l' /-#&#c!' %# D!o& /u#%# %#&+'#c#- #l $#o- 3u#, /'-' #l!o $!%o, '-' %# l' +!%' u' c'-'* -'# .l # &u #o-!' l' /-o#&': "El 5#l %#

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D!o& ' 8#%-o cu'%o #&$'' # l' /-!&!, co%#'%o ' u#-$#> co lo l!#-$, /'&'%o/o- #$-# lo& u'-%!'#& '-'%o& l'& 'c!9'& /u#-$'& %# !#--o co &u& c#--ojo& '--o$#&* L#' 'c#-c' %# l' #&c#' %#&'--oll'%' # #l '-, cu'%o 8'lo, #l /-!&!o#-o, #+!'j# 'l lu'- %o%# !' ' &#- ju9'%o #j#cu$'%o, %!-!! ' lo& &ol%'%o& '-!#-o&5u7-'o&, ''$!%o& /o- #l c'&'c!o, l' 7'l$' %# &u#o #l '-#, #&$'& -'%#&/'l'-'& %# +'lo- #&/#-'9': "8#-o 'o-' o& #6o-$o ' $##- u# 5!o, /u#& o'-5 !u' /.-%!%' %# +!%' #$-# +o&o$-o&* * * 8o-3u# #&$' oc# ' #&$'%o co!o#l 5#l %#l D!o& %# 3u!# &o ' 3u!# &!-+o, %!c!#%o: 8'lo, o $#'&> #& #c#&'-!o3u# co/'-#9c'& '$# C.&'-> # '3u, D!o& $# ' coc#%!%o $o%o& lo& 3u# '+#'co$!o"* Co 7# # #&$' /-o#&', 8'lo '&#u- ' &u& co/'#-o&: "8u#& ! ' uc'#llo %# l' c'#9' %# !uo %# +o&o$-o& /#-#c#-5"* "8u#& ! ' u c'#llo %# l'c'#9' %# !uo %# +o&o$-o& /#-#c#-5"* A& ocu--!* 8o- #l #co %# #&$'- # #&# '-co

u o-# /o- #%!o %#l cu'l D!o& /o%' o-'-, $o%o #l co$!#$# %# &ol%'%o& '-!#-o& /''o& &# &'l+* " '& 'co$#c! 3u# $o%o& &# &'l+'-o &'l!#%o ' $!#--'"* "'& 'co$#c! 3u# $o%o& &# &'l+'-o &'l!#%o ' $!#--'"*#c* 2: 222K, ;K, KK (No$': S'l*;K: *<#c* 2: 222K, ;K, KK<)

No 7u#-o #&c-!$'& #&$'& co&'& !c'#$# /'-' 3u# l'& l#'o& o& '&o-#o&, &!o/'-' 3u# l' !&' 7# 3u# o- # lo& &!#-+o& %# D!o& %# '$'o, o-# # o&o$-o&*Do3u!#-' '' co-'9o#& ll#o& %# 7# 3u# &!-+' %# co%uc$o $-'&!&o- %# &u /o%#-, o&#-5 #o& o$'l# &u o%o %# o-'- 'o-' 3u# #$oc#&*

A lo& 3u#, /o- 7'l$' %# co4'9' /-o/!', #+!$' $'-#'& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#&, #&.#&#l#& 'co4'- # D!o&* A& 5& %# uo 3u# %# o$-o o%o o &#-' 5& 3u# u' c!7-' # #l

u%o, $'l +#9 u' c'-' !/o$#$#, /o%-5 %#c!- co #l '/&$ol 8'lo: "To%o lo /u#%o #C-!&$o 3u# # 7o-$'l#c#"To%o lo /u#%o # C-!&$o 3u# # 7o-$'l#c#"*2J T'!. $!## l'7# /-#c!o&'& l#cc!o#& /'-' #l !o &#&!l# ' l'& o7#&'&* L' %!&/o&!c! ' -#&!&$!- #l 'lo +#'- #l '-'+!o -#c!# ' #u%o &u !/ul&o %# u /-o7u%o &#$!!#$o %# ju&$!c!' u #&/-!$u 'c$!+o #.-!co* E&.#&# ' #&# !o 3u# D!o& #& #l u'-%!5 #$#-o %# l'

ju&$!c!'* Cu!%' $!#-'#$# ' lo& &#-#& 3u# '' 'l /u$o %# %'- ' &u ''%o !jo /'-'&'l+'-lo&* El &# #$#%#-5 co c'%' 'l#co-* (No$': F!l* K: 1;*< )

D 1oc

1@"8o-3u# #l 3u# o& $oc', $oc' ' l' !' %# &u ojo"*"8o-3u# #l 3u# o& $oc', $oc' ' l'!' %# &u ojo"*'c* 2: * (No$': 'c* 2: *<)

"Eco!#%' ' =#o+5 $u c'!o, co7' # .l> .l '-5* E6!!-5 $u ju&$!c!' coo l'lu9, $u %#-#co coo #l #%!o%'"*"Eco!#%' ' =#o+5 $u c'!o, co7' # .l> .l'-5* E6!!-5 $u ju&$!c!' coo l' lu9, $u %#-#co coo #l #%!o%'"*S'l* ;: J, * (No$':S'l* ;: J, *<)

"=#o+5 &#-5 -#7u!o %#l /o-#, -#7u!o /'-' #l $!#/o %# 'u&$!'* E $! co4'-5 lo&3u# cooc# $u o-#, /o- cu'$o $, o =#o+5, o %#&'/'-'&$# ' lo& 3u# $#u&c'-o"*"=#o+5 &#-5 -#7u!o %#l /o-#, -#7u!o /'-' #l $!#/o %# 'u&$!'* E $!co4'-5 lo& 3u# cooc# $u o-#, /o- cu'$o $, o =#o+5, o %#&'/'-'&$# ' lo&3u# $# u&c'-o"*S'l* : , 10* (No$': S'l* : , 10*<)



D!o& o& '%' 3u# '!7#&$#o& 'c!' o$-o& l' co/'&! 3u# .l '!4#&$' 'c!'o&o$-o&* Co$#/l# #l !/ul&!+o, #l #-#%o #l +#'$!+o 'l S#- u!l%# '&oll#+'%o coo co-%#-o 'l '$'%#-o, u%o coo l' o+#j' '$# lo& 3u# l' #&3u!l'*Co$#/l# ' A3u#l ' 3u!# ' $-'&/'&'%o u#&$-o& /#c'%o& '-u'%o u#&$-'&/#'&, '/-#%#-5 ' &o/o-$'-, $ol#-'- /#-%o'-*

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L' o-'c! l' 7# #&$5 $!'#$# l!'%'& #c#&!$' &#- #&$u%!'%'& ju$'&* E l'o-'c! %# 7# ' u' c!#c!' %!+!'> #& u' c!#c!' 3u# %## co/-#%#- $o%o #l 3u#3u!#-' $##- .6!$o # l' o-' %# &u +!%'* C-!&$o %!c#: "To%o lo 3u# /!%!#-#!& o-'%o, "To%olo 3u# /!%!#-#!& o-'%o, 2J c-##% 3u# lo -#c!!-.!&, o& +#%-5"* c-##% 3u# lo -#c!!-.!&, o& +#%-5"*M'-* 11: 2K* El #6/l!c' cl'-'#$# 3u# u#&$-' /#$!c! %## #&$'- %#'cu#-%o co l' +olu$'% %# D!o&> %##o& /#%!- co&'& 3u# .l '' /-o#$!%o $o%o lo3u# -#c!'o& %## &#- u&'%o /'-' 'c#- &u +olu$'%* Cu'%o &# &'$!&7'c# l'&co%!c!o#&, l' /-o#&' #& !%u!$'l#* (No$': M'-* 11: 2K*<)

8o%#o& /#%!- /#-% /o- #l /#c'%o, #l %o %#l E&/-!$u S'$o, u c'-5c$#- coo #l %#C-!&$o, &'!%u-' 7u#-9' /'-' 'c#- &u o-', cu'l3u!#- %o 3u# .l '' /-o#$!%o> lu#o$##o& 3u# c-##- /'-' -#c!!- %'- -'c!'& ' D!o& /o- lo 3u# #o& -#c!!%o*

No #c#&!$'o& u&c'- u' #+!%#c!' #6$#-!o- %# l' #%!c!* El %o #&$5 # l' /-o#&' /o%#o& #/-#%#- u#&$-o $-''jo &#u-o& %# 3u# D!o& #& c'/'9 %# cu/l!- lo 3u#' /-o#$!%o 3u# #l %o, 3u# ' /o&##o&, &# '!7#&$'-5 cu'%o 5& lo#c#&!$#o&*

V!+!- '&, %#/#%!#%o %# l' /'l'-' %# D!o&, &!!4c' #$-#'-l# $o%' l' +!%'* S##6/#-!#$'-5 u' /#-'#$# &#&'c! %# #c#&!%'% %#/#%#c!', u' &3u#%'

%# D!o& /o- /'-$# %#l co-'9* L' o-'c! #& u' #c#&!%'% /o-3u# #& l' +!%' %#l 'l'*L' o-'c! # 7'!l!', l' o-'c! # /l!co, $!## &u lu'-, /#-o #& l' cou! &#c-#$'co D!o& l' 3u# &o&$!## l' +!%' %#l 'l'*

E #l o$#, ju$o ' D!o&, Mo!&.& co$#/l #l o%#lo %#l #-o&o #%!4c!o 3u# '' %#&#- l' o-'%' %# &u lo-!'* E #l o$#, ju$o ' D!o&, # #l lu'- &#c-#$o %# cou!,/o%#o& co$#/l'- &u lo-!o&o !%#'l /'-' l' u'!%'%* D# #&# o%o /o%-#o&l#+'$'- #l #%!4c!o %# u#&$-o c'-5c$#- # 7o-' $'l 3u# &# cu/l' /'-' o&o$-o& &u/-o#&': "'!$'-. '%'-. #$-# #llo&, &#-. &u D!o&, #llo& &#-5 !/u#lo"*"'!$'-. '%'-. #$-# #llo&, &#-. &u D!o&, #llo& &#-5 ! /u#lo"*2 Co-* :1*2J (No$': 2 Co-* : 1*<)

=#&& -#c!! &'!%u-' /o%#- %u-'$# &u +!%' $#--#'l, # l'& o-'& %# o-'c! &ol!$'-!'*S!' lo& j+##& &u #j#/lo u&3u# ' l' o-' %#l ''#c#- %#l c-#/&culo uo#$o %# 3u!#$u% /'-' $##- cou! co &u 8'%-# c#l#&$!'l* %u-'$# #l %' #l#+#&u co-'9 ' D!o&* A c'%' /'&o 3u# %'o& # u#&$-o c'!o, o& %!c#: "8o-3u# o

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2@ VIV&M#$ L# +)E CREEM#$

E&$'& l#cc!o#& /u#%# #&#'-l'& &lo #l 3u# l'& ' '/-#%!%o* L' #&#'9' %# l'E&c-!$u-' o $!## 'o- #7#c$o &o-# lo& j+##& /o-3u# $'$o& /'%-#& '#&$-o& 3u#/-o7#&' c-##- # l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& !#' &u /o%#- # &u& +!%'&* A +#c#& lo& j+##&&!#$# #l /o%#- %# l' 8'l'-'* V# l' #-o&u-' %#l 'o- %# C-!&$o* V# l' #ll#9' %# &uc'-5c$#-, l'& /o&!!l!%'%#& %# u' +!%' %#%!c'%' ' &u &#-+!c!o* 8#-o +# # co$-'&$# l'+!%' %# lo& 3u# /-o7#&' -#+#-#c!'- lo& /-#c#/$o& %# D!o&* A cu5$o& &# '/l!c' l'&

/'l'-'& 3u# 7u#-o %!c'& 'l /-o7#$' E9#3u!#l:

"Lo& !jo& %# $u /u#lo &# o7' %# $! ju$o ' l'& /'-#%#& ' l'& /u#-$'& %# l'& c'&'&, 'l' #l uo co #l o$-o, c'%' uo co &u #-'o, %!c!#%o: V#!% 'o-', o% 3u./'l'-' +!## %# =#o+5* +#%-5 ' $! coo +!## #l /u#lo, #&$'-5 %#l'$# %# $!coo /u#lo o, o!-5 $u& /'l'-'&, o l'& /o%-5 /o- o-'> '$#& 'c# 'l'o&co &u& oc'&, #l co-'9 %# #llo& '%' # /o& %# &u '+'-!c!'* # '3u 3u# $ #-#& '#llo& coo c'$o- %# "Lo& !jo& %# $u /u#lo &# o7' %# $! ju$o ' l'& /'-#%#& ' l'&/u#-$'& %# l'& c'&'&, 'l' #l uo co #l o$-o, c'%' uo co &u #-'o, %!c!#%o:V#!% 'o-', o% 3u. /'l'-' +!## %# =#o+5* +#%-5 ' $! coo +!## #l /u#lo, #&$'-5 %#l'$# %# $! coo /u#lo o, o!-5 $u& /'l'-'&, o l'& /o%-5 /o- o-'>'$#& 'c# 'l'o& co &u& oc'&, #l co-'9 %# #llo& '%' # /o& %# &u '+'-!c!'*

# '3u 3u# $ #-#& ' #llo& coo c'$o- %# 20 'o-#&, #-o&o %# +o9 3u# c'$'!#> o!-5 $u& /'l'-'&, /#-o o l'& /o%-5 /o- o-'"* 'o-#&, #-o&o %# +o9 3u#c'$' !#> o!-5 $u& /'l'-'&, /#-o o l'& /o%-5 /o- o-'"*E9#* ;;: ;0;2* (No$':E9#* ;;: ;0;2*<)

U' co&' #& $-'$'- l' B!l!' coo u l!-o %# !&$-ucc! o-'l u#', /-#&$'-l#'$#c! !#$-'& #&$. %# 'cu#-%o co #l #&/-!$u %# l' ./oc' u#&$-o lu'- # #lu%o, /#-o o$-' co&' #& co&!%#-'-l' coo lo 3u# # -#'l!%'% #&: l' /'l'-' %#l D!o&+!+!#$#, l' /'l'-' 3u# #& u#&$-' +!%', l' /'l'-' 3u# ' %# 'ol%'- u#&$-'&'cc!o#&, u#&$-o& %!co& u#&$-o& /#&'!#$o&* Coc#!- l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& coo'lo #o& 3u# #&$o, #& -#c'9'-l'* #&$# -#c'9'!#$o %# /'-$# %# lo& 3u# /-o7#&'c-##- # #ll' #& u' %# l'& c'u&'& /-!c!/'l#& %#l #&c#/$!c!&o l' !c-#%ul!%'% %# lo&

j+##&*

L& I'VI.&CI2' %E %I#$

S# #&$5 '/o%#-'%o %#l u%o u '75 uc' +!&$o* E l'& %!+#-&!o#&, # l''cuul'c! %# %!#-o, # l' luc', '&$' # l' luc' /o- l' #6!&$#c!', ' u' 7u#-9'$#--!l# 3u# #'-' #l cu#-/o, l' #$# #l 'l'* E #%!o %# #&$' /-#c!/!$'c!#lo3u#c#%o-', 'l' D!o&* No& !+!$' ' '/'-$'-o& $##- cou! co .l* "E&$'%3u!#$o&, cooc#% 3u# o &o D!o&"*"E&$'% 3u!#$o&, cooc#% 3u# o &o D!o&"*S'l* K:10* (No$': S'l* K: 10*<)

Muco&, ' # &u& o#$o& %# %#+oc!, o -#c!# l' #%!c! %# l' +#-%'%#-'cou! co D!o&* E&$5 %#'&!'%o '/u-'%o&* Co /'&o& /-#&u-o&o& /##$-' # l''o-o&' /-#&#c!' %# C-!&$o &# %#$!## $'l +#9 u o#$o %#$-o %# #&# -#c!$o&'-'%o, /#-o o #&/#-' &u co&#jo* No $!## $!#/o /'-' /#-'#c#- co #l %!+!oM'#&$-o* Vu#l+# co &u& /-#ocu/'c!o#& 'l $-''jo*

E&$o& o-#-o& j'5& /o%-5 lo-'- #l .6!$o &u/-#o, '&$' 3u# '/-#%' cu5l #& #l&#c-#$o %#l /o%#-* T!## 3u# %#%!c'- $!#/o ' /#&'-, o-'-, #&/#-'- 3u# D!o& -#u#+#&u& ##-'& 7&!c'&, #$'l#& #&/!-!$u'l#& N#c#&!$' l' !?u#c!' #l#+'%o-' %# &uE&/-!$u* Al -#c!!-l', &#-5 +!+!4c'%o& co u#+' +!%'* El cu#-/o '&$'%o #l c#-#-oc'&'%o -#c!!-5 -#7-!#-!o, #l co-'9 '-u'%o &# 'l!+!'-5*



Nu#&$-' #c#&!%'% o co&!&$# # %#$##-o& u o#$o # &u /-#&#c!', &!o #$##- -#l'c! /#-&o'l co C-!&$o, &#$'-o& # &u co/''* F#l!9 &#-5 l' co%!c! %#lo& !o& %# u#&$-o& o'-#& lo& 'luo& %# u#&$-'& #&cu#l'& cu'%o $'$o lo&/'%-#& coo lo& '#&$-o& '/-#%' # &u& /-o/!'& +!%'& l' /-#c!o&' #6/#-!#c!'%#&c-!$' # #&$'& /'l'-'& %#l C'$'- %# lo& C'$'-#&:

"Coo #l '9'o #$-# lo& 5-ol#& &!l+#&$-#&,"Coo #l '9'o #$-# lo& 5-ol#&

&!l+#&$-#&,A& #& ! ''%o #$-# lo& j+##&>A& #& ! ''%o #$-# lo& j+##&>B'jo l'&o-' %#l %#&#'%o # &#$.,B'jo l' &o-' %#l %#&#'%o # &#$., &u 7-u$o 7u# %ulc#' ! /'l'%'-* &u 7-u$o 7u# %ulc# ' ! /'l'%'-*M# ll#+ ' l' c'&' %#l '3u#$#, M# ll#+ 'l' c'&' %#l '3u#$#, &u '%#-' &o-# 7u# 'o-"* &u '%#-' &o-# 7u#'o-"*C'$* 2: ;, K*< 22 (No$': C'$* 2: ;, K*< 22)

La #!ra de la Vida

"U' co&' 'o"*"

EL E\ITO # cu'l3u!#- 'c$!+!%'% -#3u!#-# u' #$' %#4!%'* El 3u# %#&#' lo-'-+#-%'%#-o .6!$o # l' +!%' %## '$##- co&$'$##$# # +!&$' #&' #$' %!' %#

&u #&7u#-9o* E&' #& l' 3u# &# /-o/o# o ' lo& j+##&* El /-o/&!$o &#'l'%o /o- #lc!#lo %# %'- #l E+'#l!o 'l u%o # #&$' ##-'c!, #& #l 5& ol# 3u# /u#%' '$-'#-' cu'l3u!#- &#- u'o* O7-#c# u c'/o %# 'cc! ' $o%o '3u#l cuo co-'9 ' &!%ocoo+!%o /o- C-!&$o*

M 20oc

;@ El /-o/&!$o %# D!o& /'-' lo& !o& 3u# c-#c# # u#&$-o& o'-#& #& 5& '/l!o,5& /-o7u%o 5& #l#+'%o # lo 3u# ' lo-'%o ''-c'- u#&$-' -#&$-!!%' +!&!* E lo/'&'%o, D!o& ' ll''%o ' /#-&o'& %#l o-!# 5& u!l%# ' l'& cu'l#& co&!%#- 4#l#&,/'-' 3u# %!#-' $#&$!o!o 'c#-c' %# .l # lo& &!$!o& 5& #cu-'%o& %#l u%o* 5& %# u uc'co %# o %' 3u# &# #&$. %#&'--oll'%o coo lo 'c!' D'!#l # &uo'- %# =u%#', #&$u%!'%o l' 8'l'-' %# D!o& &u& o-'&, '/-#%!#%o l#cc!o#& %#&#-+!c!o 4#l, &# 'll'-5 ' '$# '&'l#'& l#!&l'$!+'&, # $-!u'l#& %# ju&$!c!' o #

co-$#& -#'l#&, coo $#&$!o %#l R# %# -##&* Mul$!$u%#& &#-5 ll''%o& ' #j#-c#- u!!&$#-!o 5& '/l!o* El u%o #$#-o &# '-# 'l E+'#l!o* E$!o/' $!#%# &u& 'o& 'D!o&* D#&%# #l ='/, l' C!' l' I%!', %# lo& /'&#& 3u# ' #&$5 # $!!#l'& #u#&$-o co$!#$#, %# $o%' -#! %#l u%o, ll#' #l cl'o- %# co-'9o#& #-!%o& /o-#l /#c'%o 3u# 2; '&' cooc#- 'l D!o& %# 'o-* ' !llo#& !llo#& 3u# o 'o%o &!3u!#-' 'l'- %# D!o& ! %# &u 'o- -#+#l'%o # C-!&$o* T!## %#-#co ' -#c!!-#&# cooc!!#$o* T!## $'$o %#-#co coo o&o$-o& ' /'-$!c!/'- %# l' !&#-!co-%!' %#lS'l+'%o-* ' lo& 3u# #o& -#c!!%o #&$# cooc!!#$o, ju$o co u#&$-o& !jo& '3u!##& /o%#o& !/'-$!-lo, o& $oc' -#&/o%#- ' &u cl'o-* A $o%' c'&' $o%' #&cu#l',' $o%o /'%-#, '#&$-o !o &o-# lo& cu'l#& ' -!ll'%o l' lu9 %#l E+'#l!o, &# 7o-ul'# #&$# o#$o c-$!co l' /-#u$' 3u# &# l# !9o ' E&$#- # '3u#ll' c-!&!& %#c!&!+' %#

l' !&$o-!' %# I&-'#l: "G 3u!. &'# &! /'-' #&$' o-' '& ll#'%o 'l -#!oH"G 3u!. &'#&! /'-' #&$' o-' '& ll#'%o 'l -#!oH" (No$': E&$* K:1K*<)

Lo& 3u# /!#&' # #l -#&ul$'%o %# '/-#&u-'- o !/#%!- l' /-ocl''c! %#l E+'#l!o, lo'c# co -#l'c! ' & !&o& 'l u%o> /oco& lo 'c# co -#l'c! ' D!o&* 8oco&/!#&' # #l &u7-!!#$o 3u# #l /#c'%o c'u& ' u#&$-o C-#'%o-* To%o #l c!#lo &u7-! col' 'o' %# C-!&$o> /#-o #&# &u7-!!#$o o #/#9 ! $#-! cu'%o &# '!7#&$ ##l &#o %# l' u'!%'%* L' c-u9 #&, /'-' u#&$-o& &#$!%o& #$o-/#c!%o&, u' -#+#l'c!%#l %olo- 3u#, %#&%# &u co!#9o, /-o%ujo #l /#c'%o # #l co-'9 %# D!o&* L# c'u&'/#' $o%' %#&+!'c! %# l' ju&$!c!', $o%o 'c$o %# c-u#l%'%, $o%o 7-'c'&o %# l' u'!%'%# cu'$o ' 'lc'9'- &u !%#'l* S# %!c# 3u#, cu'%o &o-#+!!#-o ' I&-'#l l'&



c'l'!%'%#& 3u# #-' #l &#u-o -#&ul$'%o %# l' &#/'-'c! %# D!o&: &oju9'!#$o ' &u&##!o&, c-u#l%'% u#-$#, D!o& "7u# 'u&$!'%o ' c'u&' %# l' '?!cc! %# I&-'#l"* "E$o%' 'u&$!' %# #llo& .l 7u# 'u&$!'%o* * * lo& l#+'$ $o%o& lo& %'& %# l''$!#%'%"7u# 'u&$!'%o ' c'u&' %# l' '?!cc! %# I&-'#l"* "E $o%' 'u&$!' %# #llo&.l 7u# 'u&$!'%o* * * lo& l#+'$ $o%o& lo& %'& %# l' '$!#%'%"* (No$': =u#c* 10: 1>I&'* ;: *<)

Su "E&/-!$u !&o !$#-c#%# /o- o&o$-o& co #!%o& !%#c!l#&"* "E&/-!$u !&o

!$#-c#%# /o- o&o$-o& co #!%o& !%#c!l#&"* Cu'%o "l' c-#'c! !# ' u'"l'c-#'c! !# ' u'"Ro* : 2, 22*, #l co-'9 %#l 8'%-# !4!$o !# /o-3u# 2K&!/'$!9' co o&o$-o&* Nu#&$-o u%o #& u +'&$o l'9'-#$o, u #&c#'-!o %# !&#-!' 'lcu'l o o& '$-#+#o& ' %#%!c'- &!3u!#-' u#&$-o& /#&'!#$o&* S! o& %!.-'o&cu#$' #6'c$' %# lo 3u# #&, #l /#&o &#-' %#'&!'%o '/l'&$'$#* S! #'-o, D!o& lo&!#$# $o%o* 8'-' %#&$-u!- #l /#c'%o &u& co&#cu#c!'&, %!o ' &u !jo ''%o o&/#-!$# 3u#, #%!'$# l' coo/#-'c! co .l, $#-!#o& co #&$' #&c#' %# !&#-!'* "&#-5 /-#%!c'%o #&$# E+'#l!o %#l -#!o # $o%o #l u%o, /'-' $#&$!o!o ' $o%'& l'&'c!o#&> #$oc#& +#%-5 #l 4" &#-5 /-#%!c'%o #&$# E+'#l!o %#l -#!o # $o%o #lu%o, /'-' $#&$!o!o ' $o%'& l'& 'c!o#&> #$oc#& +#%-5 #l 4"* (No$': Ro* :2, 22*<M'$* 2K: 1K*<)

"I% /o- $o%o #l u%o /-#%!c'% #l E+'#l!o ' $o%' c-!'$u-'"I% /o- $o%o #l u%o /-#%!c'% #l E+'#l!o ' $o%' c-!'$u-'"M'-* 1: 1J*, #& l' o-%# %# C-!&$o ' &u& &#u!%o-#&*No 3u!#-# %#c!- #&$o 3u# $o%o& &#' ll''%o& ' &#- /'&$o-#& o !&!o#-o& # #l &#$!%oco %# l' /'l'-'> /#-o $o%o& /u#%# &#- col'o-'%o-#& co .l /'-' %'- l'& "u#'&u#+'&"u#'& u#+'&" ' &u& &##j'$#&* S# %' l' o-%# ' $o%o&: -'%#& o c!co&,!&$-u!%o& o !o-'$#&, 'c!'o& o j+##&* (No$': M'-* 1: 1J*<)

E +!&$' %# #&$' o-%#, G/o%#o& #%uc'- ' u#&$-o& !jo& /'-' u' +!%' %#co+#c!o'l!&o -#&/#$'l#, u' +!%' %# '/'-#$# c-!&$!'!&o /#-o 3u# c'-#9c' %# l''#'c! %#l M'#&$-o, u' +!%' /'-' l' cu'l #l +#-#%!c$o %# A3u#l 3u# #& l' +#-%'%&#': "No o& coo9co"H

M!l#& lo 'c#* 8!#&' '&#u-'- ' &u& !jo& lo& ##4c!o& %#l E+'#l!o, !#$-'&!#' &u #&/-!$u* 8#-o #&$o o #& /o&!l#* Lo& 3u# o 'c#/$' #l /-!+!l#!o %# l'cou! co C-!&$o # #l &#-+!c!o, -#c'9' l' !c' #%uc'c! 3u# /o%-' c'/'c!$'-lo&/'-' /'-$!c!/'- co .l %# l' lo-!'> -#c'9' l' /-#/'-'c! 3u# # #&$' +!%' %' 7u#-9' ol#9' %# c'-5c$#-* M5& %# u /'%-# u' '%-# 3u# #'-o &u& !jo& ' l' c-u9 %#C-!&$o, &# %!#-o cu#$' %#'&!'%o $'-%# 3u# %# #&# o%o lo& #$-#'' 'l ##!o%# D!o& #l o-#* S#ll'-o &u -u!', o &lo /'-' l' +!%' 7u$u-', &!o /'-' l' /-#&#$#*

M 21oc

K@ L' $#$'c! lo& +#c!* Ll#'-o ' &#- u' 'l%!c! /'-' #l u%o, %olo- +#-#9' /'-' lo& 3u# l#& %!#-o #l &#-*

Iclu&o cu'%o 3u!#-# /-#/'-'-&# /'-' #l &#-+!c!o %# D!o&, uco& &# %#&+' %#!%o 'lo& 'lo& .$o%o& %# #%uc'c!* ##-'l#$# &# co&!%#-' l' +!%' coo 7o-'%' /o-%!&$!$o& /#-o%o&: #l %#l '/-#%!9'j#, #l %# l' 'cc!> #l %# l' /-#/'-'c! #l %# l'-#'l!9'c!* S# #+' ' lo& j+##& ' l' #&cu#l' /'-' 3u#, co #l cooc!!#$o '%3u!-!%o#%!'$# #l #&$u%!o %# lo& l!-o&, &# /-#/'-# /'-' u' +!%' %# &#-+!c!o* A/'-$'%o& %# l'&-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& %# l' +!%' %!'-!', &# '&o-# # #l #&$u%!o co 7-#cu#c!' /!#-%#%# +!&$' &u /-o/&!$o* Mu#-# #l '-%o- %# &u $#/-'' co&'-'c! # uco& 'c#u' '!c! /#-&o'l #o&$'* Al -'%u'-&#, !l#& &# #cu#$-' 7u#-' %# co$'c$o col' +!%'* ' $-'$'%o %u-'$# $'$o $!#/o co co&'& '&$-'c$'& $#-!c'&, 3u# cu'%o$o%o #l &#- %## %#&/#-$'- /'-' 'c#- 7-#$# ' l'& luc'& +!ol#$'& %# l' +!%' -#'l, &##cu#$-' &! /-#/'-'c!* E +#9 %# l' o-' ol# 3u# &# '' /-o/u#&$o, &u&



##-'& &# 'll' '&o-!%'& # l' luc' /o- l' #-' &u&!&$#c!'* D#&/u.& %# -#/#$!%'&%#&!lu&!o#&, co %!4cul$'%#& '&$' /'-' ''-&# o-'%'#$# l' +!%', uco& &#%#j' '--'&$-'- /o- /-oc#%!!#$o& %u%o&o& o c-!!'l#&* S# /-!+' 'l u%o %#l &#-+!c!o3u# %#!#-' '#- -#c!!%o, ' D!o&, %# l'& 'l'& 3u# '#l'' #l#+'-, #ol#c#- o-'- coo -#/-#&#$'$#& &u'&*

Muco& /'%-#& &# #3u!+oc' 'l #&$'l#c#- %!7#-#c!'& #$-# &u& !jo& cu'%o &# $-'$' %#l' #%uc'c!* 'c# c'&! cu'l3u!#- &'c-!4c!o /'-' o7-#c#- $o%'& l'& +#$'j'& /o&!l#& '

uo 3u# /'-#c# !$#l!#$# '/$o, /#-o o c-## 3u# #&'& !&'& o/o-$u!%'%#& &#'#c#&'-!'& /'-' lo& #o& /-o!&o-!o&* S# c-## 3u# /oc' #%uc'c! '&$' /'-' cu/l!-co lo& %##-#& cou#& %# l' +!%'*

8#-o, G3u!. #& c'/'9 %# %#c!%!- #$-# u coju$o %# !o& cu5l %# #llo& ' %# ll#+'- l'&-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 5& !/o-$'$#&H Cu5 ' #u%o &# ' #3u!+oc'%o # #&$o #lc-!$#-!o u'oP R#cu.-%#&# #l c'&o %# S'u#l cu'%o 7u# #+!'%o ' u!- ' uo %# lo&!jo& %# I&' coo -# %# I&-'#l* D#&4l'-o '$# .l &!#$# j+##& %# '&/#c$o ol#* Alco$#/l'- 'l /-!#-o, %# -'&o& #-o&o&, 7o-'& !# %#&'--oll'%'& /o-$#/-!c!/#&co, #l /-o7#$' #6cl': "D# c!#-$o %#l'$# %# =#o+5 #&$5 &u u!%oP"D# c!#-$o%#l'$# %# =#o+5 #&$5 &u u!%oP" 8#-o D!o& l# %!jo: "No !-#& ' &u /'-#c#-, ! ' lo-'%# %# &u #&$'$u-', /o-3u# o lo %#&#co> /o-3u# =#o+5 !-' o lo 3u# !-' #l

o-#> /u#& #l o-# !-' lo 3u# #&$5 %#l'$# %# &u& ojo&, /#-o =#o+5 !-' #lco-'9"*"No !-#& ' &u /'-#c#-, ! ' lo -'%# %# &u #&$'$u-', /o-3u# o lo %#&#co>/o-3u# =#o+5 !-' o lo 3u# !-' #l o-#> /u#& #l o-# !-' lo 3u# #&$5 %#l'$#%# &u& ojo&, /#-o =#o+5 !-' #l co-'9"* D# lo& &!#$#, #l $#&$!o!o %'%o 7u#: "=#o+5o ' #l#!%o ' .&$o&"=#o+5 o ' #l#!%o ' .&$o&"* o &# /#-!$! 'l /-o7#$' cu/l!-&u !&! '&$' 3u# ll''-o ' D'+!%, 3u# #&$'' cu!%'%o #l -#'o* (No$': 1 S'* 1:, , 10*<)

Lo& #-'o& 'o-#&, #$-# lo& cu'l#& &# #co$-'' #l 3u# S'u#l u!#-' #l#!%o,o /o&#' l'& cu'l!%'%#& 3u# D!o& co&!%#-'' #&#c!'l#& # u %!-!#$# %# &u /u#lo*O-ullo&o&, #o&$'&, #-#%o&, 7u#-o %#&#c'%o& /'-' %'- lu'- 'l 3u# co&!%#-''%#&/#c$!+'#$#, 'l 3u# '' co&#-+'%o l' &#c!ll#9 l' &!c#-!%'% %# &u ju+#$u%

3u#, 'u3u# /#3u#o # &u /-o/!o coc#/$o, /o%' &#- #%uc'%o /o- D!o& /'-' ll#+'- l'&-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& %#l -#!o* D#l !&o o%o o, # 5& %# u !o cuo& /'%-#& lo/'&'-' /o- 'l$o, D!o& +# '/$!$u%#& &u/#-!o-#& ' l'& 3u# &# '!4#&$' # o$-o& '3u!##& &# c-## /-o!&o-!o&*

# cu'$o ' l'& /o&!!l!%'%#& %# l' +!%', G3u!. #& c'/'9 %# %#c!%!- cu5l #& -'%# cu5l /#3u#'H Cu5$o& o-#-o& 3u# ocu/' lu'-#& u!l%#& # l' +!%', 'l c-#'-7'c$o-#& %# #%!c! /'-' #l u%o, ' lo-'%o -#&ul$'%o& 3u# lo& -##& #+!%!'-'P2 R#c!', /u#&, $o%o !o, #%uc'c! /'-' #l 5& 'l$o &#-+!c!o* "8o- l' '''&!#-' $u &#!ll', ' l' $'-%# o %#j#& -#/o&'- $u 'o> /o-3u# o &'#& cu5l #& lo#jo-, &! #&$o o '3u#llo, o &! lo uo lo o$-o #& !u'l#$# u#o"*"8o- l' '''

&!#-' $u &#!ll', ' l' $'-%# o %#j#& -#/o&'- $u 'o> /o-3u# o &'#& cu5l #& lo#jo-, &! #&$o o '3u#llo, o &! lo uo lo o$-o #& !u'l#$# u#o"*Ecl* 11: * (No$': Ecl*11: *<)

El lu'- %#4!%o &#'l'%o /'-' o&o$-o& # l' +!%' lo %#$#-!' u#&$-'& '/$!$u%#&* No$o%o& 'lc'9' #l !&o %#&'--ollo, ! 'c# co !u'l #4c!#c!' #l !&o $-''jo* D!o&o #&/#-' 3u# #l !&o/o '%3u!#-' l'& /-o/o-c!o#& %#l c#%-o, ! 3u# #l ol!+o 'lc'c# l''l$u-' %# l' 'j#&$uo&' /'l#-'* 8#-o $o%o& %##-'o& '&/!-'- ' l' 'l$u-' ' 3u# l'u! %#l /o%#- u'o co #l %!+!o o& /#-!$' 'lc'9'-*

Muco& o ll#' ' &#- lo 3u# %#!#-' /o-3u# o #/l#' #l /o%#- 3u# ' # #llo&* No



#c' 'o, coo %##-' 'c#-lo, %# l' 7u#-9' %!+!'* Muco& &# %#&+' %# l''c$!+!%'% # l' cu'l 'lc'9'-' +#-%'%#-o .6!$o* E /-ocu-' %# 5& oo-#&, o %# u'$'-#' 5& '-'%'l#, !$#$' 'lo /'-' lo cu'l o #&$5 /-#/'-'%o&* M5& %# u o-#cuo& $'l#$o& &# '%'/$' ' u' +oc'c! %#$#-!'%', %#&#' &#- /-o7#&!o'l> #l 3u#u!#-' $#!%o .6!$o coo '-!cul$o-, '-$#&'o o #7#-#-o, ocu/' !'%#cu'%'#$# #l/u#&$o %# /'&$o-, 'o'%o o .%!co* ' o$-o& 3u# %#!#-' '#- ocu/'%o u /u#&$o%# -#&/o&'!l!%'%, /#-o /o- 7'l$' %# ##-', '/l!c'c! o /#-&#+#-'c!', &# co$#$'co u /u#&$o 5& 75c!l*

E& #c#&'-!o 3u# &!'o& 5& #&$-!c$'#$# #l /l' %# +!%' %# D!o&* E&#-'-o& #'c#- #l $-''jo 3u# $##o& 5& ' 'o, #co#%'- u#&$-o& c'!o& ' D!o& #&$'-'$#$o& ' l'& !%!c'c!o#& %# &u /-o+!%#c!', &o -#l'& 3u# '&#u-' #l lo-o %# u'u#' ocu/'c!*

= 22oc

J@ El 3u# %#&c#%! %#l c!#lo /'-' &#- u#&$-o #j#/lo /'& c'&! $-#!$' 'o& %# &u+!%' %#%!c'%o 'l 2 $-''jo 'u'l co, /#-o %u-'$# #&# $!#/o #&$u%! l' 8'l'-' l'& o-'& %# D!o&, 'u% #&# ' $o%o& lo& 3u# #&$'' %#$-o %# l' #&7#-' %# &u!?u#c!'* Cu'%o #/#9 &u !!&$#-!o /l!co, '%u+o &''%o ' lo& #7#-o&,co&ol'%o ' lo& $-!&$#& /-#%!c'%o #l E+'#l!o ' lo& /o-#&* E&$' #& l' o-' %# $o%o&&u& &#u!%o-#&* "S#' #l 'o- #$-# +o&o$-o& coo #l 5& jo+#" "S#' #l 'o- #$-#+o&o$-o& coo #l 5& jo+#" %!jo, " #l 3u# %!-!#, coo #l 3u# &!-+#* 8o-3u#*** o #&$o

#$-# +o&o$-o& coo #l 3u# &!-+#" #l 3u# %!-!#, coo #l 3u# &!-+#* 8o-3u#*** o #&$o#$-# +o&o$-o& coo #l 3u# &!-+#"* (No$': Luc* 22: 2, 2*<)

El 'o- l' l#'l$'% ' C-!&$o &o l' 7u#$# %# $o%o &#-+!c!o +#-%'%#-o* E #l co-'9coo+!%o /o- &u 'o- 'c# #l %#&#o %# $-''j'- /o- .l* E&$!l#&# %!-j'&#%#!%'#$# #&# %#&#o* ' &#' # #l o'-, #l +#c!%'-!o o l' #&cu#l', l' /-#&#c!' %#l/o-#, #l '?!!%o, #l !o-'$# o #l %#&+#$u-'%o o %##-' &#- co&!%#-'%' coo u'%#&-'c!', &!o coo #l #%!o %# /-o+##- u' /-#c!o&' o/o-$u!%'% /'-' #l &#-+!c!o*

E #&$' o-', coo # cu'l3u!#-' o$-', &# '%3u!#-# /#-!c!' # #l $-''jo !&o* S#o$!## #4c!#c!' /o- #%!o %# l' /-#/'-'c! # lo& %##-#& cou#& %# l' +!%' 'l&#-+!- ' lo& #c#&!$'%o& %ol!#$#&* S! #&$o, lo& #&7u#-9o& 5& !# !$#c!o'%o& &o

co 7-#cu#c!' !$!l#& '&$' /#-ju%!c!'l#&* Lo& o-#& '/-#%# ' '%'- # #l 'u' o # l' $!#--'*

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' uc'& 'c$!+!%'%#& # l'& cu'l#& lo& j+##& /u#%# 'll'- o/o-$u!%'% %# -#'l!9'-$'-#'& $!l#&* O-'c#&# # -u/o& /'-' #l &#-+!c!o c-!&$!'o, l' coo/#-'c! &#-5 /'-'#llo& u' 'u%' u #&$ulo* S! lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o& &# !$#-#&' # l' o-' %# lo&

j+##&, /o%-5 o7-#c#-l#& #l ##4c!o %# &u #6/#-!#c!' 'u%'-l#& /'-' 3u# &#'#4c'c#& &u& #&7u#-9o& /'-' #l !#*



El $-'$o %#&/!#-$' &!/'$' .&$' #& l' 7u#$# %#l &#-+!c!o #4c'9* 8'-' %#&/#-$'- # lo&!o& j+##& &!/'$' #&/-!$u %# &'c-!4c!o 'c!' lo& !llo#& 3u# &u7-# # lo&/'&#& %!&$'$#&, 7'!l!'-c#&#lo& co #llo& &u& '!$'$#&* E #&$# &#$!%o, u#&$-'&#&cu#l'& /u#%# 'c#- uco* E +#9 %# 'l'- $'$o %# l'& '9''& %# lo& Al#j'%-o& N'/ol#o#& %# l' !&$o-!', #&$u%!# lo& !o& l'& +!%'& %# o-#& coo #l '/&$ol 8'lo M'-$ Lu$#-o, Mo]'$, L!+!&$o# C'-#, l' !&$o-!' 'c$u'l %#l #&7u#-9o !&!o#-o3u# %!'-!'#$# &# +' %#&'--oll'%o* E +#9 %# -#c'-'- l' #o-!' co u' &uc#&!

%# o-#& $#o-'& 3u# o $!## !/o-$'c!' /'-' &u& +!%'&, ' lo& cu5l#&, u' +#97u#-' %#l 'ul', -'-' +#9 %#%!c' u /#&'!#$o, #&$u%!# $o%o& lo& /'&#& ' l' lu9 %#l#&7u#-9o !&!o#-o 7'!l!'-c#&# co #&o& /u#lo& &u& #c#&!%'%#&*

E #&$' #$'/' 4'l %# l' $'-#' %# /-#%!c'- #l E+'#l!o ' u +'&$o c'/o 3u# ocu/'-, 5& 3u# uc' '$#&, l' o-' %## 'l!&$'- 'u%'$#& %# #$-# #l co %#l /u#lo*

T'$o j+##& coo 'o-#& &#-5 ll''%o& %#l c'/o, %#l +!#%o %#l $'ll#-, #+!'%o& /o- #l M'#&$-o /'-' %'- &u #&'j#* Muco& %# #llo& '-5 $#!%o /oc'&o/o-$u!%'%#& %# #%uc'-&#, /#-o C-!&$o +# # #llo& cu'l!%'%#& 3u# lo& c'/'c!$'-5 /'-'cu/l!- &u /-o/&!$o* S! 'c# l' o-' co $o%o #l co-'9 &!u# '/-#%!#%o, C-!&$olo& c'/'c!$'-5 ' 4 %# 3u# /u#%' $-''j'- /'-' .l*

El 3u# cooc# l' /-o7u%!%'% %# l' !&#-!' l' %#&#&/#-'c! %#l u%o, cooc# lo&#%!o& /'-' 'l!+!'-l'&* V# /o- $o%'& /'-$#& 'l'& # $!!#l'&, '-u'%'& /o- #l /#c'%o,#l %olo- l' /#'* 8#-o $'!. +# &u& /o&!!l!%'%#&> +# l' 'l$u-' '%o%# /u#%# ll#'-*Au3u# lo& &#-#& u'o& ' 'u&'%o %# &u !&#-!co-%!', ' 'l'&$'%o &u& $'l#$o& ' /#-%!%o l' %!!%'% %# u' co%!c! u'' &##j'$# ' l' %# D!o&, #l C-#'%o-+' ' &#- lo-!4c'%o /o- &u -#%#c!*

C-!&$o co7' l' -#&/o&'!l!%'% %# $-''j'- /o- #&$o& #c#&!$'%o& 3u# &# #cu#$-' #lo& lu'-#& 5& $o&co& %# l' $!#--', ' lo& 3u# /u#%# co/'%#c#-&# %#l !o-'$# %#l#6$-'+!'%o* E&$'-5 /-#&#$# /'-' 'u%'- ' lo& %# co-'9 &#&!l# ' l' /!#%'%, 'u3u#&u& 'o& &#' -u%'& $o-/#&* T-''j'-5 /o- #%!o %# lo& 3u# /u#%# +#- !&#-!co-%!'# #l %olo- ''c!' # l' /.-%!%'* Cu'%o /'&' l' Lu9 %#l u%o, &# %#&cu-# u

/-!+!l#!o # l'& %!4cul$'%#&, o-%# # l' co7u&!, .6!$o # #l '/'-#$# 7-'c'&o* S# +## l'& c'l'!%'%#& #%!c!o#& %!&7-'9'%'&, # lo& %olo-#&, !&#-!co-%!'&* Lo& o-#-o&/-o+#!#$#& %#l /u#lo co, 3u# co/'-$# l'& /#'& %# &u& &##j'$#& coo &uM'#&$-o co/'-$! l'& %# $o%' l' #&/#c!# u'', lo +#-5, /o- #%!o %# l' 7#, $-''j'-

ju$o ' #llo&*

V 2;oc

@"C#-c'o #&$5 #l %' -'%# %# =#o+5, c#-c'o u /-6!o"C#-c'o #&$5 #l %'-'%# %# =#o+5, c#-c'o u /-6!o"*T##o& u u%o 3u# 'o#&$'-P 21(No$': So7* l: 1K*< )

Co u' /-#/'-'c! coo l' 3u# /u#%# o$##-, !l#& !l#& %# j+##& '%ul$o&

%#!#-' #&$'- #$-#5%o&# ' #&$' o-'* Muco& co-'9o#& -#&/o%# ' 'lll''!#$o %#l A-$4c# M'#&$-o, &u #-o 'u#$'-5* 8-#&$# $o%o #%uc'%o- c-!&$!'o&!/'$' coo/#-'c! ' $'l#& o-#-o&* A!# 'u%# ' lo& j+##& 3u# #&$5 'jo &ucu!%'%o ' o$##-l' /-#/'-'c! #c#&'-!' /'-' u!-&# ' l'& 4l'& %# lo& o-#-o&*

No ' $'-#' # l' 3u# &#' /o&!l# ' lo& j+##& -#c!!- 'o- ##4c!o* To%o& lo& 3u# &#ocu/' # #l !!&$#-!o co&$!$u# l' 'o 'u%'%o-' %# D!o&* Col'o-' co lo&5#l#&, o 5& !#, &o lo& !&$-u#$o& u'o& /o- #%!o %# lo& cu'l#& '3u.llo&ll#+' ' c'o &u !&!* Lo& 5#l#& 'l' /o- #%!o %# &u& +oc#& $-''j' /o-#%!o %# &u& 'o&* lo& o-#-o& u'o&, 'l coo/#-'- co lo& '#$#& c#l#&$!'l#&,-#c!# #l ##4c!o %# &u #%uc'c! &u #6/#-!#c!'* Coo #%!o #%uc'$!+o, G3u.



"cu-&o u!+#-&!$'-!o" /u#%# !u'l'- ' .&$#H

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+!+!-5 /'-' &!#/-# &o-# #ll'"> %o%# "o %!-5 #l o-'%o-: E&$o #7#-o"> "o %!-5 #lo-'%o-: E&$o #7#-o"> "uc' 5& &# o!-5 # #ll' +o9 %# llo-o"* "uc' 5& &#o!-5 # #ll' +o9 %# llo-o"*S'l* ;: 2> I&'* ;;: 2K> J: 1*2; (No$': S'l* ;: 2> I&'* ;;:2K> J: 1*<)

"Coo # #+! #l 8'%-# '& $'!. o o& #+o"*2JLa Preparación 'ecesaria

"8-ocu-' co %!l!#c!' /-#&#$'-$# ' D!o& '/-o'%o"*"

EL 8RIMER '#&$-o %#l !o #& l' '%-#* E l'& 'o& %# .&$' &# coc#$-' # -'

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A3u#llo& ' 3u!##& &# co7' #l cu!%'%o %#l !!$o %#&cooc# ' #u%o &u& #c#&!%'%#&7&!c'&> /oco &'# %# l'& l##& %# l' &'lu% o %# lo& /-!c!/!o& -#l'$!+o& 'l %#&'--ollo*

T'/oco #&$5 #jo- /-#/'-'%o& /'-' '$#%#- &u %#&#+ol+!!#$o #$'l #&/!-!$u'l*8u#%# /o&##- cu'l!%'%#& 3u# l#& /#-!$' 'c$u'- !# # lo& #oc!o& o -!ll'- #

&oc!#%'%> /u#%# '#- #co /-o-#&o& # l' l!$#-'$u-' l' c!#c!'> /#-o &'# /oco %#l' #%uc'c! %# u !o* S# %## /-!c!/'l#$# ' #&$' 7'll', # #&/#c!'l 'l %#&cu!%o #lo& co!#9o& %#l %#&'--ollo 7&!co, #l #co %# 3u# u' -' /-o/o-c! %# lo& !#-o&%# l' #&/#c!# u'' u#-' # l' !7'c!', %# 3u# #$-# lo& 3u# ll#' ' l' '%u-#9'' $'$o& /'-' 3u!##& l' +!%' #& u' c'-'*

So-# lo& /'%-#& l'& '%-#& %#&c'&' l' -#&/o&'!l!%'% %# l' /-!#-' #%uc'c! %#l!o, coo '&!!&o %# l' ul$#-!o-, /o- #&o 'o& /'%-#& #c#&!$' u-#$##$# u'/-#/'-'c! cu!%'%o&' c''l* A$#& %# 'c#/$'- l'& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#& %# l' /'$#-!%'% l' '$#-!%'%, lo& o-#& l'& uj#-#& %##-' 7'!l!'-!9'-&# co l'& l##& %#l%#&'--ollo 7&!co: co l' 4&!olo' l' !!##, co l' !/o-$'c!' %# l'& !?u#c!'&

/-#'$'l#&, co l'& l##& 3u# -!# l' #-#c!', l' &'lu%, #l +#&$!%o, #l #j#-c!c!o #l$-'$'!#$o %# l'& #7#-#%'%#&> %##-' co/-#%#- $'!. l'& l##& %#l %#&'--ollo#$'l %# l' #%uc'c! o-'l*

El S#- !4!$o co&!%#- $' !/o-$'$# l' o-' %# l' #%uc'c!, 3u# %#&%# &u $-oo#+! #&'j#-o& /'-' 3u# -#&/o%!#-' l' /-#u$' %# u' 7u$u-' '%-#: "GCo %##&#- l' '#-' %# +!+!- %#l !o, 3u. %##o& 'c#- co .lH"GCo %## &#- l' '#-'%# +!+!- %#l !o, 3u. %##o& 'c#- co .lH"=u#c* 1;: 12*, # !&$-u!- ' u /'%-# #cu'$o ' l' #%uc'c! %# u !jo /-o#$!%o* (No$': =u#c* 1;: 12*<)

S 2K @ L' #%uc'c! uc' lo-'-5 lo 3u# /o%-' %##-' ll#+'- ' c'o, '&$' 3u# &#



oc -#coo9c' /l#'#$# l' o-' %# lo& /'%-#& .&$o& -#c!' u' /-#/'-'c! 3u# lo&c'/'c!$# /'-' %#&#/#'- &u& &'-'%'& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#&*

S# '%!$# u!+#-&'l#$# l' #c#&!%'% %# l' #%uc'c! /-#/'-'$o-!' %#l '#&$-o> /#-o/oco& -#cooc# #l c'-5c$#- %# l' /-#/'-'c! 5& #&#c!'l* El 3u# '/-#c!' l'-#&/o&'!l!%'% !/lc!$' # l' #%uc'c! %# l' ju+#$u%, &# %'-5 cu#$' %# 3u# o #&&u4c!#$# l' !&$-ucc! l!$#-'-!' c!#$4c'* El '#&$-o %##-' $##- u' #%uc'c!5& '/l!' 3u# l' 3u# &# o$!## /o- #%!o %#l #&$u%!o %# lo& l!-o&* D##-' /o&##- o

&lo 7u#-9', &!o '/l!$u% %# #$#> o &lo %##-' &#- $#-o %# 'l', &!o %# -'co-'9*

Slo #l 3u# c-# l' #$# 7o-ul &u& l##& /u#%# co/-#%#- /#-7#c$'#$# &u&#c#&!%'%#& o %!-!!- &u %#&'--ollo* Lo& /-!c!/!o& %# l' #%uc'c! 3u# .l ' %'%oco&$!$u# l' !c' u' &#u-'* U' cu'l!%'% #&#c!'l /'-' $o%o '#&$-o #& #lcooc!!#$o %# #&$o& /-!c!/!o& 3u# lo& '' 'c#/$'%o %# $'l '#-' 3u# &#' u/o%#- %o!'$# # &u /-o/!' +!%'*

L' #6/#-!#c!' # l' +!%' /-5c$!c' #& !%!&/#&'l#* El o-%#, l' /-ol!j!%'%, l' /u$u'l!%'%,#l %o!!o /-o/!o, #l #!o 'l#-#, l' !+'-!'!l!%'% %# %!&/o&!c!, l' '#'c!, l'!$#-!%'% l' co-$#&', &o cu'l!%'%#& #&#c!'l#&*

8o- lo !&o 3u# ' $'$' 'j#9', $'$' !/o&$u-' -o%#' ' lo& j+##&, ' u' -'#c#&!%'% %# 3u# l'& /'l'-'&, #l co/o-$'!#$o l' co%uc$' %#l '#&$-o-#/-#&#$# lo #l#+'%o lo +#-%'%#-o* Lo& !o& &o /#-&/!c'c#& /'-' %#&cu-!- l''7#c$'c! o cu'l3u!#- o$-' %#!l!%'% o %#7#c$o* No ' /'-' #l '#&$-o o$-o o%o %#co3u!&$'- #l -#&/#$o %# &u& 'luo& 3u# #l %# -#+#l'- # &u /-o/!o c'-5c$#- lo&/-!c!/!o& 3u# $-'$' %# #&#'-l#&* U!c'#$# 'l 'c#-lo, !#$-'& &# -#l'c!o'%!'-!'#$# co #llo&, /u#%# #j#-c#- u' !?u#c!' #.4c' /#-'#$# &o-# #llo&*

E cu'$o ' c'&! $o%'& l'& %#5& cu'l!%'%#& 3u# co$-!u# ' &u u# .6!$o, #l '#&$-o%#/#%# # #6$#&o -'%o %#l +!o- 7&!co* M!#$-'& 5& u#' &#' &u &'lu%, #jo- &#-5&u $-''jo*

T' c'&'%o-'& &o &u& -#&/o&'!l!%'%#&, 3u# &# -#3u!#-# %# &u /'-$# u #&7u#-9o#&/#c!'l /'-' co&#-+'- #l +!o- l' lo9''* A #u%o &# &!#$# %#&co-'9o'%o #$'l#$# 7'$!'%o, co u' $#%#c!' c'&! !--#&!&$!l# ' l' %#/-#&!, l' !%!7#-#c!' l' !--!$'!l!%'%* No &lo $!## #l %##- %# -#&!&$!- #&o& #&$'%o& %# 5!o, &!o %# #+!$'- &uc'u&'* N#c#&!$' co&#-+'- #l co-'9 /u-o, '7'l#, co4'%o ll#o %# &!/'$'* A 4 %##&$'- &!#/-# $-'3u!lo, 4-# '!'%o, %## co&#-+'- l' 7u#-9' #$'l #-+!o&'*

8u#&$o 3u# # &u $'-#' l' c'l!%'% #& $'$o 5& !/o-$'$# 3u# l' c'$!%'%, %##-'#+!$'- #l #6c#&o %# $-''jo, #l $-'$'- %# 'c#- %#'&!'%'& co&'&, #l 'c#/$'- o$-'&-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& 3u# lo !c'/'c!$' /'-' &u o-', #l %#%!c'-&# ' #$-#$#!!#$o&

'c$!+!%'%#& &oc!'l#& 5& 'o$'%o-'& 3u# -#&$'u-'%o-'&*El #j#-c!c!o 'l '!-# l!-#, #&/#c!'l#$# #l 3u# &# 'c# 'l -#'l!9'- u $-''jo $!l, #& uo%# lo& #jo-#& #%!o& %# -#c-#'c! /'-' #l cu#-/o l' #$#, #l #j#/lo %#l '#&$-o!&/!-'-5 # &u& 'luo& !$#-.& -#&/#$o /o- #l $-''jo 'u'l*

)'& VI%& %E C#'.I')# %E$&RR#LL#

E $o%' 'c$!+!%'% #l '#&$-o %##-' /-'c$!c'- #&c-u/ulo&'#$# lo& /-!c!/!o& -#l'$!+o&' l' &'lu%* No &lo %##-' 'c#-lo ' c'u&' %# l' -#l'c! 3u# #&$o $!## co &u /-o/!'u$!l!%'%, &!o $'!. ' c'u&' %# &u !?u#c!' &o-# lo& 'luo&* D##-' &#- &o-!o #



$o%'& l'& co&'&: U #j#/lo # #l -.!# 'l!#$'-lo, #l +#&$!%o, #l $-''jo l'-#c-#'c!*

Co l' &'lu% 7&!c' l' -#c$!$u% %# c'-5c$#- %##-' co!'-&# '/l!o& cooc!!#$o&!$#l#c$u'l#&* Cu'$o 5& cooc!!#$o +#-%'%#-o /o&#' #l '#&$-o, #jo- '-5 &u$-''jo* El 'ul' o #& lu'- /'-' 'c#- u' o-' &u/#-4c!'l* N! '#&$-o 3u# &#&'$!&7'' co u cooc!!#$o &u/#-4c!'l 'lc'9'-5 u -'%o #l#+'%o %# #4c!#c!'*

8#-o l' u$!l!%'% %#l '#&$-o o %#/#%# $'$o %# &u c'u%'l %# cooc!!#$o& coo %#l!+#l 3u# &# /-o/o# 'lc'9'-* El +#-%'%#-o '#&$-o o &# co$#$' co /#&'!#$o&!%#4!%o&, u' #$# !%ol#$# o u' #o-!' !'c$!+'* T-'$' co&$'$##$# %#/-o-#&'- 5& '/l!c'- #jo-#& .$o%o&* Su +!%' #& %# co$!uo %#&'--ollo* E l' o-'%# &##j'$# '#&$-o ' u' 7-#&cu-' u /o%#- +!+!4c'$# 3u# %#&/!#-$' # !&/!-' 'lo& 'luo&*

D 2Joc

@ El '#&$-o %## &#- '/$o /'-' &u $-''jo* D## $##- l' &'!%u-' #l $'c$o#c#&'-!o& /'-' '#j'- l'& #$#&* 8o- -'%# 3u# &#' &u cooc!!#$o c!#$4co, /o-#6c#l#$#& 3u# &#' &u& cu'l!%'%#& # o$-o& -'o&, &! o lo-' co3u!&$'- #l -#&/#$o l'co4'9' %# &u& 'luo&, &u& #&7u#-9o& &#-5 +'o&*

S# #c#&!$' '#&$-o& /#-&/!c'c#& /'-' %#&cu-!- '/-o+#c'- $o%' o/o-$u!%'% %#'c#- !#> '#&$-o& 3u# 'l #$u&!'&o u' l' +#-%'%#-' %!!%'%> 3u# &#' c'/'c#&%# %o!'- "'/$o& /'-' #&#'-"> 3u# !&/!-# /#&'!#$o&, %#&/!#-$# ##-' #!/'-$' +'lo- +!%'*

L'& o/o-$u!%'%#& %# u '#&$-o /u#%# '#- &!%o l!!$'%'&, %# o%o 3u# o ''lo-'%o 'cuul'-, $'$o& cooc!!#$o& coo &#-' %# %#&#'-> &! #'-o, &! &'#!cu-&!o'- # l'& !$!!%'%#& %# l' '$u-'l#9' u''> &! &!#$# 'o- &!c#-o /o- &u$-''jo, &! '/-#c!' &u '!$u% #&$5 %#c!%!%o ' #jo-'-, &! #&$5 %!&/u#&$o ' $-''j'-'7'o&' /#-&#+#-'$##$#, co/-#%#-5 l'& #c#&!%'%#& %# lo& 'luo& , #%!'$#&u #&/-!$u co/-#&!+o /-o-#&!&$', %#&/#-$'-5 # #llo& #l %#&#o %# &#u!-lo !#$-'&$-'$' %# u!'-lo& /o- #l c'!o '&c#%#$#*

Lo& !o& j+##& 3u# #l '#&$-o $!## ' &u c'-o %!4#-# -'%##$# uo& %# o$-o&# c'-5c$#-, 5!$o& #%uc'c!* Aluo& o $!## /-o/&!$o %#4!%o ! /-!c!/!o&#&$'l#c!%o&* N#c#&!$' 3u# &# lo& %#&/!#-$# /'-' 3u# co/-#%' &u&-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& /o&!!l!%'%#&* 8oco& &o lo& !o& 3u# ' &!%o %#!%'#$##%uc'%o& # #l o'-* Aluo& ' &!%o lo& !'%o& %# l' c'&'* To%' &u #%uc'c! '&!%o &u/#-4c!'l* 8o- '.-&#l#& /#-!$!%o &#u!- &u !cl!'c! #+!$'- l'&-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& lo& 3u#'c#-#&, c'-#c# %# #&$'!l!%'%, /#-&#+#-'c!' '#'c!*Co&!%#-' ' #u%o $o%' %!&c!/l!' coo u' -#&$-!cc! !#c#&'-!'* O$-o& ' &!%oc#&u-'%o& %#&'!'%o&* L' -#&$-!cc! '-!$-'-!' l' -u%#9' ' %#&'--oll'%o # #llo&l' o&$!'c! l' -##l%'* S! #&$o& c'-'c$#-#& %#7o-'%o& ' %# &#- -#o%#l'%o&, #l

'#&$-o %## 'c#- #&' o-' # l' 'o-' %# lo& c'&o&* A 4 %# /o%#- 'c#-lo co.6!$o, #c#&!$' /o&##- l' &!/'$' l' /#-&/!c'c!' 3u# lo '!l!$# /'-' %#&cu-!- l'c'u&' %# l'& 7'l$'& lo& #--o-#& 3u# &# '!4#&$' # &u& 'luo&* T'!. %##/o&##- #l $'c$o, l' '!l!%'%, l' /'c!#c!' l' 4-#9' 3u# l# /#-!$' /-#&$'- ' c'%' uol' 'u%' #c#&'-!'> ' lo& +'c!l'$#& ''$#& %# l' coo%!%'%, #l 5!o #l 'u6!l!o3u# &#' u #&$ulo /'-' &u #&7u#-9o> ' lo& %#&'l#$'%o&, l' &!/'$' #l '/-#c!o 3u#c-## co4'9' #&$!ul# #l #&7u#-9o*

C&R&C.ER-$.IC&$ %EL M&E$.R#

Co 7-#cu#c!' lo& '#&$-o& o $!## '&$'$# $-'$o &oc!'l co lo& 'luo&* M'!4#&$'



u /oc' &!/'$' $#-u-', # c'!o l#& &o-' l' %!!%'% 3u# c'-'c$#-!9' 'l ju#9&#+#-o* Au3u# #l '#&$-o %## &#- 4-# %#c!%!%o, o %##-' &#- #6!#$# !%#&/$!co* S#- -u%o c#&u-'%o-, '$##-&# /o- #c!' %# lo& 'luo& $-'$'-lo&!%!7#-#$##$#, #3u!+'l# ' c#--'- lo& c'!o& /o- #%!o %# lo& cu'l#& /o%-' !?u!-&o-# #llo& /'-' !#*

E !u' c!-cu&$'c!' %##-' '!7#&$'- /'-c!'l!%'% #l '#&$-o* F'+o-#c#- 'l 'luo&!/5$!co '$-'#$#, '&u!- u' 'c$!$u% %# c-$!c', !/'c!#c!' &#+#-!%'% 'c!' lo&

3u# 5& #c#&!$' #&$ulo 'u%', !%!c' 3u# &# $!## u coc#/$o $o$'l#$##--#o %# l' o-' %#l '#&$-o* El c'-5c$#- &# /-u#' # #l $-'$o co lo& %#4c!#$#& #!&o/o-$'l#&> # #&o &# cooc# &! #l '#&$-o #& -#'l#$# '/$o o o /'-' %#&#/#'-&u /u#&$o*

-'%# #& l' -#&/o&'!l!%'% %# lo& 3u# &# #c'-' %# u!'- u 'l' u''* Lo&/'%-#& &!c#-o& lo co&!%#-' coo u c'-o %#l cu'l uc' &# l!-'-5 $o$'l#$#* E l'+!%' %#l !o, %#&%# #l /-!#- %' '&$' #l l$!o, &# '!4#&$' #l /o%#- %# #&# l'9o 3u#lo l!' 'l co-'9 %# lo& /'%-#&> l'& 'cc!o#&, l'& /'l'-'&, '&$' l' !-'%' %# #llo&7o-' 'l !o /'-' !# o /'-' 'l* 21 El '#&$-o co/'-$# #&' -#&/o&'!l!%'% #c#&!$' /#-c'$'-&# co&$'$##$# %# l' &'$!%'% %# #ll' '$##- # +!&$' #l/-o/&!$o %# &u $-''jo* No &lo ' %# %#&#/#'- l'& $'-#'& %!'-!'& /'-' '-'%'- '

3u!##& /'$-oc!' l' #&cu#l' '$##- l' -#/u$'c! %# .&$'> %## co&!%#-'- #l'o- !# %# &u& 'luo& coo !%!+!%uo&, lo& %##-#& 3u# l' +!%' l#& +' ' !/o#-, #l&#-+!c!o 3u# l#& -#3u#-!-5 l' /-#/'-'c! 3u# l#& %#'%'-5* L' o-' 3u# 'c# %' $-'&%' #j#-c#-5 &o-# &u& 'luo& /o- #%!o %# .&$o& &o-# o$-o&, u' !?u#c!' 3u# oc#&'-5 %# #6$#%#-&# 7o-$'l#c#-&# '&$' #l 4 %#l $!#/o* E '3u#l -' %' cu'%o &#-#+!&# '$# D!o& $o%'& l'& /'l'-'& $o%o& lo& #co&, -#c!!-5 lo& 7-u$o& %# &u $-''jo*

El '#&$-o 3u# co/-#%' #&$o o co&!%#-'-5 co/l#$' &u o-' cu'%o ''$#-!'%o l' -u$!' %!'-!' %# l'& cl'&#& lo& 'luo& o #&$. /o- u $!#/o 'jo &ucu!%'%o %!-#c$o* Lo& ll#+'-5 # &u co-'9* El oj#$o co&$'$# %# &u #&$u%!o &u#&7u#-9o &#-5 l' 7o-' %# '&#u-'- /'-' #llo& l' o-' 5& #l#+'%' 3u# /u#%''lc'9'-*

PR#ME$&$ M&R&VILL#$&$

El 3u# +# l'& o/o-$u!%'%#& lo& /-!+!l#!o& %# &u $-''jo o /#-!$!-5 3u# '%' &#!$#-/o' # #l c'!o %#l #&7u#-9o 7#-+!#$# /o- #jo-'-* No #&c'$!'-5 &'c-!4c!o&/'-' 'lc'9'- #l %#c'%o 5& #l#+'%o %# #6c#l#c!'* S# #&7o-9'-5 /o- &#- $o%o lo 3u#%#&#' 3u# ll#u# ' &#- &u& 'luo&*

L 2oc

@ Cu'$o 5& /-o7u%o &#' #l &#$!%o %# -#&/o&'!l!%'% 5& 7#-+!#$# #l #&7u#-9o%#l '#&$-o /o- /#-7#cc!o'-&#, 5& cl'-'#$# /#-c!!-5 5& o%'#$# l'#$'-5lo& %#7#c$o& 3u# l# !/!%# &#- 5& $!l* Al co$#/l'- l' '!$u% %# &u o-', &u&

%!4cul$'%#& /o&!!l!%'%#&, co 7-#cu#c!' &u co-'9 #6cl''-5: "Gu!. #& &u4c!#$#/'-' #&$'& co&'&H"

A'%o& '#&$-o&, cu'%o co&!%#-.!& +u#&$-' #c#&!%'% %# 7u#-9' %!-#cc!,#c#&!%'% 3u# !u' 7u#$# u'' /u#%# &u/l!-, o& -u#o 3u# /#&.!& # l'&/-o#&'& %# A3u#l 3u# #& u '-'+!llo&o Co&#j#-o*

"# '3u "%!c#" # /u#&$o %#l'$# %# $! u' /u#-$' '!#-$', l' cu'l '%!# /o%-5 c#--'-"*"

"Cl'' ' , o $# -#&/o%#-."* "T# '-. #$#%#-, $# #&#'-. #l c'!o # 3u#



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"# '3u o #&$o co +o&o$-o& $o%o& lo& %'&, '&$' #l 4 %#l u%o"*"# '3u o #&$oco +o&o$-o& $o%o& lo& %'&, '&$' #l 4 %#l u%o"*M'$* 2:20* (No$': M'$* 2:20*<)

Coo l' /-#/'-'c! 5& #l#+'%' /'-' +u#&$-o $-''jo o& 'co&#jo l'& /'l'-'&, l' +!%'

lo& .$o%o& %#l 8-c!/# %# lo& '#&$-o&* O& -u#o 3u# lo co&!%#-.!&* El #& +u#&$-o+#-%'%#-o !%#'l* Co$#/l'%lo, #%!$'% # .l, '&$' 3u# #l E&/-!$u %#l M'#&$-o %!+!o$o# /o&#&! %# +u#&$-o co-'9 +u#&$-' +!%'*

"8o- $'$o, o&o$-o& $o%o&, !-'%o ' c'-' %#&cu!#-$' coo # u #&/#jo l' lo-!' %#lS#o-, &oo& $-'&7o-'%o& %# lo-!' # lo-!' # l' !&' !'#"*"8o- $'$o,o&o$-o& $o%o&, !-'%o ' c'-' %#&cu!#-$' coo # u #&/#jo l' lo-!' %#l S#o-, &oo&$-'&7o-'%o& %# lo-!' # lo-!' # l' !&' !'#"*2 Co-* ;:1* (No$': 2 Co-* ;:1*<)

E&$# #& #l &#c-#$o %# l' !?u#c!' 3u# /o%.!& #j#-c#- &o-# +u#&$-o& 'luo&* R#?#j'% 'C-!&$o*

La Cooperación

"Soo& !#-o& lo& uo& %# lo& o$-o&"*"

EN LA 7o-'c! %#l c'-5c$#-, !u' !?u#c!' cu#$' $'$o coo l' %#l o'-* L' o-'%#l '#&$-o %##-' co/l##$'- l' %# lo& /'%-#&, /#-o o ocu/'- &u lu'-* E $o%o lo3u# &# -#4#-# 'l !##&$'- %#l !o, lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o& %##-' #&7o-9'-&# /o-coo/#-'-*

L' coo/#-'c! %##-' #/#9'- co lo& /'%-#& # #l o'-* Co/'-$# l'-#&/o&'!l!%'% %# l' #%uc'c! %# lo& !o& %##-' #&7o-9'-&# co&$'$##$# /o-'c$u'- ju$o&* E$-.u#&# ' D!o& /%'l# 'u%', /'-' &o&$##-&# u$u'#$#*

E&## ' &u& !jo& ' &#- 4#l#& 'l S#o-, ' lo& /-!c!/!o&, ' & !&o& ' $o%o& '3u#llo&co 3u!##& &# -#l'c!o'* Co &##j'$# #%uc'c!, lo& !o&, u' +#9 #+!'%o& ' l'#&cu#l', o &#-5 c'u&' %# %!&$u-!o& o '&!#%'%* S#-5 u &o&$. /'-' &u& '#&$-o& u #j#/lo #&$ulo /'-' &u& co%!&c/ulo&*

No #& /-o'l# 3u# lo& /'%-#& 3u# !/'-$# #&$' #%uc'c! c-!$!3u# 'l '#&$-o*8!#&' 3u# $'$o #l !$#-.& %# &u& !jo& coo l' ju&$!c!' 'c!' l' #&cu#l' #6!# 3u#,$'$o coo &#' /o&!l#, '/o# o-# ' '3u#l 3u# co/'-$# &u -#&/o&'!l!%'%*

E #&$o 7'll' uco& /'%-#&* Co &u c-$!c' /-#c!/!$'%' &! 7u%'#$o, ' #u%o%#&$-u# co/l#$'#$# l' !?u#c!' %#l '#&$-o 4#l '#'%o* Nu#-o&o& /'%-#&,

cuo& !jo& ' &!%o #c'%o& ' /#-%#- /o- l' co/l'c#c!', %#j' 'l '#&$-o l'%#&'-'%'l# $'-#' %# -#/'-'- l'& co&#cu#c!'& %# &u %#&cu!%o lu#o, co &u/-oc#%#-, !?u# /'-' 3u# &u $'-#' &#' c'&! %#&#&/#-'%'* Su c-$!c' &u c#&u-' %# l''%!!&$-'c! %# l' #&cu#l' 7o#$' l' !&uo-%!'c! # lo& !o&, lo& '/o' #&u& 'lo& 5!$o&*

S! ll#' ' &#- #c#&'-!'& l' c-$!c' o 'lu'& &u#-#c!'& # cu'$o 'l $-''jo %#l'#&$-o, %##-' !%!c5-&#l' # /-!+'%o* S! #&$o o %' -#&ul$'%o, /-#&.$#&# #l '&u$o 'lo& -#&/o&'l#& %# l' %!-#cc! %# l' #&cu#l'* No &# %##-' %#c!- ! 'c#- '%' 3u#%#!l!$# #l -#&/#$o %# lo& !o& 'c!' '3u#l %# 3u!# %#/#%# # $' #6$#&o -'%o &u!##&$'-*



M 2oc

100@ S#-5 %# -' 'u%' /'-' #l '#&$-o 3u# &# l# cou!3u# #l cooc!!#$o $!o3u# lo& /'%-#& $!## %#l c'-5c$#- %# lo& !o& %# &u& /#cul!'-!%'%#& o %#!l!%'%#&7&!c'&* E& %# l'#$'- 3u# &#' $'$o& lo& 3u# o co/-#%# #&$o* L' 'o-' %# lo&/'%-#& &# !$#-#&' /oco # !7o-'-&# %# l'& cu'l!%'%#& %#l '#&$-o o # coo/#-'- co.l # &u $-''jo*

8u#&$o 3u# .&$o& &# 7'!l!'-!9' -'-' +#9 co #l '#&$-o, #& $'$o 5& !/o-$'$# 3u#.&$# $-'$# %# -#l'c!o'-&# co lo& /'%-#&* D##-' +!&!$'- lo& o'-#& %# lo& 'luo& #$#-'-&# %#l '!#$# l'& !?u#c!'& # #%!o %# lo& cu'l#& +!+#* Al -#l'c!o'-&#/#-&o'l#$# co &u& o'-#& +!%'&, /u#%# 7o-$'l#c#- lo& l'9o& 3u# lo u# ' &u&'luo& '/-#%#- l' 7o-' %# $-'$'- 5& #4c'9#$# co &u& %!7#-#$#&$#/#-'#$o& # !cl!'c!o#&*

Al !$#-#&'-&# # l' #%uc'c! %#l o'-, #l '#&$-o !/'-$# u %ol# ##4c!o* Muco&/'%-#&, #$-#'%o& %# ll#o 'l $-''jo l'& ocu/'c!o#&, /!#-%# %# +!&$' &u&o/o-$u!%'%#& /'-' !?u!- #.4c'#$# # l' +!%' %# &u& !jo&* El '#&$-o /u#%# 'c#-uco /'-' %#&/#-$'- # lo& /'%-#& #l &#$!!#$o %# &u& /o&!!l!%'%#& /-!+!l#!o&*'ll'-5 o$-o& /'-' 3u!##&, /o- l' '&!#%'% 3u# $!## %# 3u# &u& !jo& &#' o-#&

uj#-#& u#o& $!l#&, #l &#$!!#$o %# &u -#&/o&'!l!%'% ' ll#'%o ' &#- u' c'-'/#&'%'* Co 7-#cu#c!' #l '#&$-o /u#%# 'u%'- ' #&$o& /'%-#& ' ll#+'- &u c'-' , 'l$-'$'- ju$o& lo& '&u$o& -#l'c!o'%o& co &u& !jo&, $'$o #l '#&$-o coo lo& /'%-#& &#&#$!-5 '!'%o& 7o-$'l#c!%o&*

E l' #%uc'c! 3u# -#c!# lo& j+##& # #l o'-, #l /-!c!/!o %# l' coo/#-'c! #&+'l!o&&!o* D#&%# lo& /-!#-o& 'o& %##-' 'c#-&# &#$!- ' lo& !o& 3u# &o u'/'-$# %# #&' #/-#&' 3u# #& l' c'&'* '&$' ' lo& /#3u#u#lo& %##-' #&#5-&#l'& 'co/'-$!- #l $-''jo %!'-!o 'c#-l#& &#$!- 3u# &u 'u%' #& #c#&'-!' '/-#c!'%'* Lo&'o-#& %##-' &#- lo& 'u%'$#& %# &u& /'%-#&, /'-$!c!/'- # &u& /l'#&,-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& /-#ocu/'c!o#&* D#%!3u# $!#/o lo& /'%-#& ' l' #&#'9' %# &u&!jo&, 5'l#& +#- 3u# '/-#c!' &u 'u%', %#&#' &u co4'9' &# o9' # &u

co/'', lo& !o& o &#-5 $'-%o& # -#&/o%#-* No &lo &# 'l!+!'-5 l' c'-' %# lo&/'%-#& -#c!!-5 lo& !o& u' /-#/'-'c! /-5c$!c' %# !#&$!'l# +'lo-, &!o 3u# &#7o-$'l#c#-5 lo& l'9o& %#l o'- &# '-5 5& /-o7u%o& lo& /-o/!o& c!!#$o& %#lc'-5c$#-*

L' coo/#-'c! %##-' &#- #l #&/-!$u %#l 'ul', l' l# %# &u +!%'* El '#&$-o 3u# lo-' l'coo/#-'c! %# &u& 'luo& &# '&#u-' &u +'l!o&' 'u%' /'-' '$##- #l o-%#* E #l&#-+!c!o /-#&$'%o # #l 'ul', 5& %# u uc'co cu' !3u!#$u% co%uc# 'l %#&o-%# l' !&uo-%!'c!, 'll'-5 &'l!%' /'-' &u #6c#&o %# ##-'* Au%# lo& 'o-#& ' lo&#o-#&, lo& 7u#-$#& ' lo& %.!l#& , # cu'$o &#' /o&!l#, ll5#&# ' c'%' uo ' 'c#-'lo # lo cu'l &o-#&'l'* E&$o #&$!ul'-5 #l -#&/#$o /-o/!o #l %#&#o %# &#- $!l*

S#-' %# ##4c!o /'-' lo& j+##&, lo !&o 3u# /'-' lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o&, #&$u%!'- l'l#cc! %# coo/#-'c! 3u# #&#' l'& E&c-!$u-'&* E$-# &u& uc'& !lu&$-'c!o#&,$#&# l' %# l' #%!4c'c! %#l $'#-5culo !lu&$-'c! %# l' 7o-'c! %#l c'-5c$#-, # l'cu'l &# u! $o%o #l /u#lo, ' "3u!# &u co-'9 #&$!ul, $o%o '3u#l ' 3u!# &u#&/-!$u l# %!o +olu$'%"3u!# &u co-'9 #&$!ul, $o%o '3u#l ' 3u!# &u #&/-!$u l# %!o+olu$'%"* L.'&# co 7u# co&$-u!%o #l u-o %# =#-u&'l. /o- lo& c'u$!+o& 3u# +ol+!#-o' l' c!u%'%, # #%!o %# l' /o-#9', l'& %!4cul$'%#& #l /#l!-o, ll#+5%o&# ' c'o co.6!$o l' -' $'-#', /o-3u# ".l /u#lo $u+o 5!o /'-' $-''j'-"*".l /u#lo $u+o 5!o/'-' $-''j'-"*N#* K: * Co&!%.-#&# l' /'-$# 3u# $u+!#-o lo& %!&c/ulo& # #l !l'-o3u# !9o #l S'l+'%o- /'-' 'l!#$'- ' l' ul$!$u%* El 'l!#$o &# ul$!/l!c # l'& 'o&



%# C-!&$o, /#-o lo& %!&c/ulo& -#c!!#-o lo& /'#& lo& -#/'-$!#-o #$-# l' #$# 3u##&/#-''* (No$': E6o* ;J: 21*<N#* K: *<)

"Soo& !#-o& lo& uo& %# lo& o$-o&"*"Soo& !#-o& lo& uo& %# lo& o$-o&"*E7#* K:2J* "C'%' uo &# #l %o 3u# ' -#c!!%o, !&$-#lo ' lo& o$-o&, coo u#o&'%!!&$-'%o-#& %# l' ul$!7o-# -'c!' %# D!o&"* (No$': E7#* K: 2J*<1 8#%* K:10*<)

B!# /o%-' '%o/$'- coo l#' lo& co&$-uc$o-#& %# c'-5c$#- %# u#&$-o& %'&, l'&

/'l'-'& #&c-!$'& 'c#-c' %# lo& co&$-uc$o-#& %# %olo& %# '$'o:"C'%' cu'l 'u% ' &u +#c!o, ' &u #-'o %!jo: E&7u.-9'$#"*"C'%' cu'l 'u% ' &u+#c!o, ' &u #-'o %!jo: E&7u.-9'$#"*I&'* K1: *2 (No$': I&'* K1: *<)

La %isciplina

"R#%'-u#, -#/-#%#, #6o-$' co $o%' /'c!#c!' %oc$-!'"*"

UNA %# l'& /-!#-'& l#cc!o#& 3u# #c#&!$' '/-#%#- #l !o #& l' o#%!#c!'* S# l# %###&#'- ' o#%#c#- '$#& 3u# $#' #%'% &u4c!#$# /'-' -'9o'-* El 5!$o %##-'#&$'l#c#-&# #%!'$# u #&7u#-9o &u'+# /#-&!&$#$#* D# #&# o%o &# /u#%# #+!$'-,

# #6$#&o -'%o, #&o& co?!c$o& /o&$#-!o-#& #$-# l' +olu$'% l' 'u$o-!%'% 3u# $'$o!?u# /'-' c-#'- %#&'/#o ''-u-' 'c!' lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o&, co %#'&!'%'7-#cu#c!' -#&!&$#c!' ' $o%' 'u$o-!%'%, u'' %!+!'*

M 2oc

101@ El oj#$o %# l' %!&c!/l!' #& #%uc'- 'l !o /'-' 3u. &# o!#-# &olo* S# l#%##-' #&#'- l' co4'9' # & !&o #l %o!!o /-o/!o* 8o- lo $'$o, $' /-o$ocoo &#' c'/'9 %# co/-#%#-, &# %##-' lo-'- 3u# &u -'9 #&$. %# /'-$# %# l'o#%!#c!'* 8-oc-#&#, 'l $-'$'-lo, 3u# .l +#' 3u# l' o#%!#c!' #& ju&$' -'9o'l#*A%#&#l# ' +#- 3u# $o%'& l'& co&'& #&$5 &uj#$'& ' l##& 3u# l' %#&o#%!#c!'co%uc#, 'l 4, 'l %#&'&$-# #l &u7-!!#$o* Cu'%o D!o& /-o!# u' co&' o&'o#&$', # &u 'o-, co$-' l'& co&#cu#c!'& %# l' %#&o#%!#c!', ' 4 %# &'l+'-o&%# %'o& /.-%!%'&*

A%#&# 'l !o ' co/-#%#- 3u# lo& /'%-#& lo& '#&$-o& &o -#/-#&#$'$#& %# D!o&, 3u# 'l 'c$u'- # '-o' co .l l'& l##& 3u# !/o# # #l o'- # l' #&cu#l'$'!. &o %!+!'&* A& coo #l !o %## o#%!#c!' ' lo& /'%-#& '#&$-o&, .&$o& '&u +#9 %## /-#&$'- o#%!#c!' ' D!o&*

T'$o lo& /'%-#& coo #l '#&$-o %##-' #&$u%!'- l' 7o-' %# o-!#$'- #l %#&'--ollo %#l!o &! #&$o-'-l# #%!'$# u co$-ol !%#!%o* T' 'lo #& #l #6c#&o %# -%##& cool' 7'l$' %# #ll'&* El #&7u#-9o /o- "3u#-'$'- l' +olu$'%" %#l !o #& u' #3u!+oc'c!$#--!l#* No ' u' #$# 3u# &#' !u'l ' o$-'* Au3u# l' 7u#-9' /u#%# '&#u-'- l'&u!&! '/'-#$# %# 'luo& !o&, #l -#&ul$'%o, # #l c'&o %# uco&, #& u' -##l!' 5& %#c!%!%' %#l co-'9* El #co %# 3u# #l /'%-# o #l '#&$-o ll#u# ' #j#-c#- #l

"co$-ol" 3u# /-#$#%#, o 3u!#-# %#c!- 3u# #l -#&ul$'%o &#' #o& /#-ju%!c!'l /'-' #l!o* L' %!&c!/l!' %# u &#- u'o 3u# ' ll#'%o ' l' #%'% %#l %#&'--ollo %# l'!$#l!#c!' %##-' &#- %!&$!$' %# l' 3u# &# '/l!c' /'-' %o'- ' u '!'l* A .&$# &lo&# l# #&#' &u!&! ' &u 'o* 8'-' .l #l 'o #& #$#, c-!$#-!o +olu$'%* E&$#.$o%o, #/l#'%o ' +#c#& # l' #%uc'c! %# lo& !o&, 'c# %# #llo& &lo 'u$'$'&*L' #$#, l' +olu$'% l' coc!#c!' #&$5 'jo #l %o!!o %# o$-o* No #& #l /-o/&!$o %#D!o& 3u# &# &oju9u# '& !u' #$#* Lo& 3u# %#!l!$' o %#&$-u# l' !%!+!%u'l!%'%%# o$-'& /#-&o'&, #/-#%# u' $'-#' 3u# &lo /u#%# %'- 'lo& -#&ul$'%o&* M!#$-'&#&$5 &uj#$o& ' l' 'u$o-!%'%, lo& !o& /u#%# /'-#c#- &ol%'%o& !# %!&c!/l!'%o&* 8#-ocu'%o c#&' #&# %o!!o #6$#-!o-, &# %#&cu-# 3u# #l c'-5c$#- c'-#c# %# 7u#-9' 4-#9'* No '!#%o '/-#%!%o j'5& ' o#-'-&#, #l jo+# o -#cooc# o$-' &uj#c!



7u#-' %# l' !/u#&$' /o- &u& /'%-#& o &u '#&$-o* D#&'/'-#c!%' .&$', o &'# cou&'- &u l!#-$'%, ' #u%o &# #$-#' ' #6c#&o& 3u# %' coo -#&ul$'%o l' -u!'*

8u#&$o 3u# l' &u!&! %# l' +olu$'% #& uco 5& %!7c!l /'-' uo& 'luo& 3u# /'-'o$-o&, #l '#&$-o %##-' 7'c!l!$'- $'$o coo &#' /o&!l# l' o#%!#c!' ' &u& -%##&*D##-' u!'- 'ol%'- l' +olu$'%, /#-o o %#&cooc#-l' ! '/l'&$'-l'* A--#&# l'7u#-9' %# l' +olu$'%> &#-5 #c#&'-!' # l' '$'ll' %# l' +!%'*

L& VER%&%ER& F)ER/& %E V#L)'.&% To%o !o %##-' co/-#%#- l' +#-%'%#-' 7u#-9' %# l' +olu$'%* S# l# %##-' 'c#-+#- cu5 -'%# #& l' -#&/o&'!l!%'% 3u# !/l!c' #&$# %o* L' +olu$'% #& #l /o%#- 3u#o!#-' # l' '$u-'l#9' %#l o-#, #l /o%#- %# %#c!&! o #l#cc!* To%o &#- u'o3u# -'9o# $!## l' 7'cul$'% %# #&co#- lo -#c$o* E $o%' +!c!&!$u% %# l' +!%' l' 8'l'-' %#D!o& o& %!c#: "E&co#o& o ' 3u!. &!-+5!&"* "E&co#o& o ' 3u!. &!-+5!&"*=o&* 2K: 1J*

To%o& /u#%# /o#- &u +olu$'% %# /'-$# %# l' %# D!o&, #&co#- o#%#c#-l# '&, 'l-#l'c!o'-&# co lo& !&$-u#$o& %!+!o&, '$##-&# %o%# '%' /u#%' 7o-9'-lo& ''c#- 'l* E $o%o jo+# $o%o !o ' /o%#- /'-' 7o-'-, co l' 'u%' %# D!o&, uc'-5c$#- $#-o +!+!- u' +!%' $!l* (No$': =o&* 2K: 1J*<)

El /'%-# o #l '#&$-o 3u#, /o- #%!o %# #&$' !&$-ucc!, #&#' 'l !o ' %o!'-&#,&#-5 u$!l&!o &!#/-# $#%-5 .6!$o* T'l +#9 &u o-' o /'-#9c' u /-o+#co&' 'lo&#-+'%o- &u/#-4c!'l> $'l +#9 o &#' $' '/-#c!'%' coo l' %#l 3u# $!## l' #$# l'+olu$'% %#l !o 'jo #l %o!!o %# u' 'u$o-!%'% '&olu$'> /#-o lo& 'o& ul$#-!o-#&o&$-'-5 #l -#&ul$'%o %#l #jo- .$o%o %# #%uc'c!*

El #%uc'%o- &'!o, 'l $-'$'- co &u& 'luo&, /-ocu-'-5 #&$!ul'- l' co4'9' 7o-$'l#c#- #l &#$!%o %#l oo-* L' co4'9' 3u# &# $!## # lo& j+##& !o& lo&##4c!'* Muco&, '&$' #$-# lo& /#3u#o&, $!## u #l#+'%o coc#/$o %#l oo->$o%o& %#&#' &#- $-'$'%o& co co4'9' -#&/#$o $!## %#-#co ' #llo* No %##-''c.-&#l#& &#$!- 3u# o /u#%# &'l!- o #$-'- &! 3u# &# lo& +!!l#* L' &o&/#c'%#&o-'l!9' /-o%uc# lo& !&o& 'l#& 3u# $-'$' %# !/#%!-* E +#9 %# +!!l'-

co$!u'#$#, coo &! &o&/#c'-' #l 'l, lo& '#&$-o& 3u# #&$5 ,# co$'c$o co&u& 'luo& &# %'-5 cu#$' %# l'& 'c$!+!%'%#& %# u' #$# !3u!#$' /o%-5 #

ju#o !?u#c!'& 3u# co$-'--#&$# #l 'l* 5'&# &#$!- ' lo& j+##& 3u# &# l#& $!##co4'9' /oco& &#-5 lo& 3u# o $-'$# %# o&$-'-&# %!o& %# #ll'*

= 2oc

102@ E$ ME"#R PE%IR +)E #R%E'&R

S# #l !&o /-!c!/!o, #& #jo- /#%!- 3u# o-%#'-> '& &# %' o/o-$u!%'% ' l'/#-&o' ' 3u!# uo &# %!-!# %# o&$-'-&# 4#l ' lo& /-!c!/!o& ju&$o&* Su o#%!#c!' #&5& !# -#&ul$'%o %# &u /-o/!' %#c!&! 3u# %# l' ol!'c!*

E $o%o lo /o&!l#, l'& -#l'& 3u# -!# # #l 'ul' %##-' -#/-#&#$'- l' +o9 %# l'#&cu#l'* S# %##-' /-#&#$'- %# $'l o%o 'l 'luo $o%o /-!c!/!o !/lc!$o # #ll'&,3u# &# co+#9' %# &u ju&$!c!'* D# #&# o%o &# &#$!-5 -#&/o&'l# %# 3u# &#o#%#9c' l'& l##& 3u# .l !&o 'u% ' 7o-ul'-*

L'& -#l'& %##-' &#- /oco u#-o&'& /#-o !# #%!$'%'&> u' +#9 /-oul'%'&,&# %##-' '/l!c'-* L' #$# '/-#%# ' -#cooc#- '%'/$'-&# ' $o%o lo 3u# l# -#&ul$#!/o&!l# %# c'!'-> /o- #l co$-'-!o, l' /o&!!l!%'% %# 3u# '' l#!%'% %#&/!#-$' #l%#&#o, l' #&/#-'9' l' !c#-$!%u-#, lo& -#&ul$'%o& &o l' !3u!#$u%, l' !--!$'!l!%'% l' !&uo-%!'c!*



S# %##-' #6/l!c'- 3u# #l o!#-o %# D!o& o -#cooc# $-'&!#c!'& co #l 'l* N! ##l o'- ! # l' #&cu#l' &# %##-' $ol#-'- l' %#&o#%!#c!'* N! /'%-# ! '#&$-o3u# %#&## &!c#-'#$# #l !##&$'- %# lo& 3u# #&$5 ' &u cu!%'%o, $-'&!!-5 co l'+olu$'% $#-c' 3u# %#&'7# ' l' 'u$o-!%'% o -#cu--' 'l &u$#-7u!o o l' #+'&!+' co #l 4%# o o#%#c#-* No #& #l 'o-, &!o #l &#$!#$'l!&o #l 3u# &# co/l'c# co #l 'l,$-'$' %# o$##- o#%!#c!' /o- #%!o %# -u#o& o &oo-o&, 4'l#$# 'c#/$' 'l&u&$!$u$o # +#9 %# lo 3u# #6!'*

"Lo& #c!o& &# o7' %#l /#c'%o"*"Lo& #c!o& &# o7' %#l /#c'%o"*8-o+* 1K: *D##-'o& cu!%'- %# o $-'$'- 'l /#c'%o coo 'lo &! !/o-$'c!'* E& $#--!l# &u /o%#-&o-# #l $-'&-#&o-* "8-#%#-5 'l !/o &u& /-o/!'& !!3u!%'%#&, -#$#!%o &#-5 co l'&cu#-%'& %# &u /#c'%o"8-#%#-5 'l !/o &u& /-o/!'& !!3u!%'%#&, -#$#!%o &#-5 col'& cu#-%'& %# &u /#c'%o"* El 'o- 'l 3u# &# l# /u#%# 'c#- ' u jo+# o ' u !o #&#l %# /#-!$!-l# 3u# &# &o#$' ' l' #&cl'+!$u% %# u 5!$o 'lo* (No$': 8-o+* 1K: *<8-o+*J: 22*<)

Lo& j+##& /o&## u 'o- !'$o ' l' l!#-$'%: L' %#&#'* #c#&!$' co/-#%#- 3u#l' !c' '#-' %# o9'- #&' #%!c! !#&$!'l# co&!&$# # o#%#c#- l' l# %# D!o&*E&' l# /-#&#-+' l' +#-%'%#-' l!#-$'%* S#'l' /-o# lo 3u# %#-'%' #&cl'+!9', %##&# o%o /-o/o-c!o' 'l o#%!#$# /-o$#cc! co$-' #l /o%#- %#l 'l*

El &'l!&$' %!c#: " '%'-. # l!#-$'%, /o-3u# u&3u. $u& '%'!#$o&"* "8u#& $u&$#&$!o!o& &o !& %#l!c!'&, !& co&#j#-o&"*" '%'-. # l!#-$'%, /o-3u# u&3u. $u&'%'!#$o&"* "8u#& $u& $#&$!o!o& &o !& %#l!c!'&, !& co&#j#-o&"*S'l* 11: KJ,2K* (No$': S'l* 11: KJ, 2K*<)

L& CE'$)R& '# REF#RM&

E lo& #&7u#-9o& 3u# 'c#o& /o- co--#!- #l 'l, %##-'o& u'-%'-o& co$-' l'$#%#c!' ' l' c-$!c' o l' c#&u-'* E&$', &! &# -#/!$# !c#&'$##$#, '$u-%#, /#-o o-#7o-'* 8'-' uc'& #$#&, co 7-#cu#c!' /'-' l'& %o$'%'& %# u' &#&!!l!%'%'& %#l!c'%', u' '$&7#-' %# c-$!c' o&$!l #& 7'$'l /'-' #l #&7u#-9o* L'& ?o-#& o &#

'-# 'jo #l &o/lo %#l +#$'--*

El !o ' 3u!# &# c#&u-' 7-#cu#$##$# /o- 'lu' 7'l$' #&/#c!'l, l' ll#' 'co&!%#-'- coo /#cul!'-!%'% &u', 'lo co$-' lo cu'l #& # +'o luc'-* A& &# %'o-!# 'l %#&'l!#$o l' %#&#&/#-'c! 3u# ' #u%o #&$5 ocul$o& 'jo u' '/'-#$#!%!7#-#c!' o 7'7'--o#-'*

Slo &# lo-' #l +#-%'%#-o oj#$o %# l' -#/-#&! cu'%o &# !%uc# 'l $-'&-#&o- ' +#-&u 7'l$' &# /-#/'-' &u +olu$'% /'-' &u co--#cc!* O$#!%o #&$o, !%3u#&#l' l' 7u#$#%#l /#-% #l /o%#-* 22 T-5$#&# %# 3u# co&#-+# #l -#&/#$o /-o/!o # !$.$#&#!&/!-'-l# +'lo- #&/#-'9'*

E&$' o-' #& l' 5& #-o&' %!7c!l 3u# '' &!%o co4'%' ' lo& &#-#& u'o&*R#3u!#-# $'c$o &#&!!l!%'% %#l!c'%&!o&, cooc!!#$o %# l' '$u-'l#9' u'', 7# /'c!#c!' %!+!'&, %!&/u#&$'& ' o-'-, +#l'- #&/#-'-* N'%' /u#%# &#- 5& !/o-$'$#3u# #&$' o-'*

L#$ FR).#$ %EL %#MI'I# PR#PI#

Lo& 3u# %#&#' %o!'- ' o$-o& %## /-!#-o %o!'-&# ' & !&o&* S! &# $-'$''!-'%'#$# ' u !o o jo+#, &lo &# /-o+oc'-5 &u -#&#$!!#$o* Cu'%o u /'%-# ou '#&$-o &# !/'c!#$', co--# /#l!-o %# 'l'- !/-u%#$##$#, #& #jo- 3u#



u'-%# &!l#c!o* E .&$# ' u /o%#- '-'+!llo&o*

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10;@ El '#&$-o %## $##- # cu#$' 3u# +' ' #co$-'- '$u-'l#9'& /#-+#-&'& co-'9o#& #%u-#c!%o&* 8#-o 'l $-'$'- co #llo&, uc' %##-' ol+!%'- 3u# .l $'!. 7u#!o #c#&!$ %!&c!/l!'* A &!#%o '%ul$o, /o&##%o l'& +#$'j'& %# l' #%'%, l'#%uc'c! l' #6/#-!#c!', #--' ' #u%o #c#&!$' !&#-!co-%!' $ol#-'c!'* Al#%uc'- ' lo& j+##& %##-' co&!%#-'- 3u# $-'$' co /#-&o'& 3u# $!## !cl!'c!o#&'l 'l &##j'$#& ' l'& &u'&* T!## 3u# '/-#%#- c'&! $o%'& l'& co&'& /'-' 'luo&

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5& j+##&, lo& 5& %#&'$!'%o&, '&$' /'-' co lo& #6$-'+!'%o& -##l%#&* (No$':JLuc* :;1*<)

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%# &u l#u'j#*

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10K@ &'.E L& %I$CIPLI'& %E L& VI%&

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No 7u#-o co&#u!%'& -#/#$!'#$#>

S!o 3u#, !#$-'& &u& co/'#-o& %o-',

Ello& '/-o+#c'' l' oc# /'-' &#u!- cu#&$' '--!'*

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l' %#--o$' %# lo& 'l#& 3u# #co$-'o& ' c'%' o#$o*

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Nu#&$-o& /l'c#-#& u#&$-o& %!&u&$o&,

So /#l%'o& /o- #%!o %# lo& cu5l#& /o%#o& '&c#%#-"*

No %##o& !-'- "l'& co&'& 3u# &# +#, &!o l'& 3u# o &# +#> /u#& l'& co&'& 3u# &#+# &o "l'& co&'& 3u# &# +#, &!o l'& 3u# o &# +#> /u#& l'& co&'& 3u# &# +# &o$#/o-'l#&, /#-o l'& 3u# o &# +# &o #$#-'&"*$#/o-'l#&, /#-o l'& 3u# o &# +# &o#$#-'&"*2 Co-* K:1* Al &'c-!4c'- lo& %#&#o& # !cl!'c!o#& #o&$'& c'!'o& co&'&&! +'lo- $-'&!$o-!'& /o- co&'& /-#c!o&'& %u-'%#-'&* E&$o o #& &'c-!4c!o, &!o''c!' !4!$'* (No$': 2 Co-* K:1*<)

"Alo #jo-" #& #l &'$o &#' %# l' #%uc'c!, l' l# %# $o%' +!%' +#-%'%#-'* Al/#%!-o& C-!&$o 3u# ''%o#o& 'lu' co&', o& o7-#c# # &u lu'- o$-' #jo-* A#u%o lo& j+##& 'l#-' /-o/&!$o& '#l' ocu/'c!o#& /l'c#-#& 3u# o/'-#c# 'lo&, /#-o 3u# %!&$' uco %# &#- u#o&* D#&+' l' +!%' %# &u 5& ol#/-o/&!$o* L'& #%!%'& '-!$-'-!'& o l' 'cu&'c! %!-#c$' /u#%# o &#-+!- /'-' !%uc!- '#&o& j+##& ' -#uc!'- ' lo 3u# %#&#'* D!-j'&#l#& ' 'lo #jo- 3u# l' o&$#$'c!, l''!c! o l' co/l'c#c!'* 8'&#lo& # co$'c$o co u' #ll#9' 5& +#-%'%#-', co/-!c!/!o& 5& #l#+'o& co +!%'& 5& ol#&* 8#-$'&#l#& +#- ' A3u#l 3u# #& "%#l$o%o ''l#"* U' +#9 3u# l' !-'%' &# 4j' # .l, l' +!%' 'll' &u c#$-o* El #$u&!'&o,l' %#+oc! ##-o&', #l '-%o- '/'&!o'%o %# l' ju+#$u% 'll' # #&$o &u +#-%'%#-ooj#$o* El %##- ll#' ' &#- u %#l#!$# #l &'c-!4c!o u /l'c#-* o-'- ' C-!&$o,

'&##j'-&# ' .l, #& l' '!c! &u/#-!o- %# l' +!%', &u 'o- o9o*

D 1 o 10J@ El 'o- %# C-!&$o o& co&$-!#"*"El 'o- %# C-!&$o o& co&$-!#"*2 Co-* J: 1K*2(No$': 2 Co-* J: 1K*<)

"Co&'& 3u# ojo o +!o, ! o%o o, ! ' &u!%o # co-'9 %# o-#, &o l'& 3u# D!o&' /-#/'-'%o /'-' lo& 3u# lo ''"*"

La Escuela del M<s &ll<

"V#-5 &u -o&$-o& &u o-# #&$'-5 # &u& 7-#$#&"*"



EL CIELO #& u' #&cu#l'> &u c'/o %# #&$u%!o, #l u!+#-&o> &u '#&$-o, #l S#- !4!$o* E#l E%. 7u# #&$'l#c!%' u' 4l!'l %# #&' #&cu#l' , u' +#9 co&u'%o #l /l' %#-#%#c!, &# -#'u%'-5 l' #%uc'c! # l' #&cu#l' %#l E%.*

"Co&'& 3u# ojo o +!o, ! o%o o, ! ' &u!%o # co-'9 %# o-#, &o l'& 3u# D!o&' /-#/'-'%o /'-' lo& 3u# l# ''"*"Co&'& 3u# ojo o +!o, ! o%o o, ! ' &u!%o #co-'9 %# o-#, &o l'& 3u# D!o& ' /-#/'-'%o /'-' lo& 3u# l# ''"*1 Co-* 2: *

Slo /o- #%!o %# &u 8'l'-' &# /u#%# o$##- #l cooc!!#$o %# #&$'& co&'&, ' '& &# o$!## &lo u' -#+#l'c! /'-c!'l* (No$': 1 Co-* 2: *<)

El /-o7#$' %# 8'$o& %#&c-!# '& l' &#%# %# l' #&cu#l' 7u$u-':

"V! u c!#lo u#+o u' $!#--' u#+', /o-3u# #l /-!#- c!#lo l' /-!#-' $!#--' /'&'-o* ** "

o =u' +! l' &'$' c!u%'%, l' u#+' =#-u&'l., %#&c#%#- %#l c!#lo, %# D!o&, %!&/u#&$'coo u' #&/o&' '$'+!'%' /'-' &u '-!%o"* o =u' +! l' &'$' c!u%'%, l' u#+'

=#-u&'l., %#&c#%#- %#l c!#lo, %# D!o&, %!&/u#&$' coo u' #&/o&' '$'+!'%' /'-' &u'-!%o"*A/oc* 21:1, 2* (No$': A/oc* 21:1, 2*<)

"L' c!u%'% o $!## #c#&!%'% %# &ol ! %# lu' 3u# -!ll# # #ll'> /o-3u# l' lo-!' %#D!o& l' !lu!', #l Co-%#-o #& &u lu-#-'"*"L' c!u%'% o $!## #c#&!%'% %# &ol ! %#lu' 3u# -!ll# # #ll'> /o-3u# l' lo-!' %# D!o& l' !lu!', #l Co-%#-o #& &ulu-#-'"*A/oc* 21: 2;* (No$': A/oc* 21: 2;*<)

E$-# l' #&cu#l' #&$'l#c!%' 'l /-!c!/!o # #l E%. l' #&cu#l' 7u$u-', &# #6$!#%# $o%o#l /#-o%o %# l' !&$o-!' %# #&$# u%o, !&$o-!' %# l' $-'&-#&! #l &u7-!!#$ou'o, %#l &'c-!4c!o %!+!o %# l' +!c$o-!' &o-# l' u#-$# #l /#c'%o* E l' #&cu#l'%# l' +!%' 7u$u-' o &# 'll'-5, $o%'& l'& co%!c!o#& %# l' /-!#-' #&cu#l' %#l E%.*N! 5-ol %#l cooc!!#$o %#l !# %#l 'l o7-#c#-5 o/o-$u!%'% ' l' $#$'c!* No' 'll $#$'%o- ! /o&!!l!%'% %# !ju&$!c!'* To%o& lo& c'-'c$#-#& '-5 -#&!&$!%o l'

/-u#' %#l 'l, '-5 %#j'%o %# &#- &u&c#/$!l#& ' &u /o%#-*

"Al 3u# +#c!#-#, l# %'-. ' co#- %#l 5-ol %# l' +!%', #l cu'l #&$5 # #%!o %#l /'-'&o%# D!o&"*"Al 3u# +#c!#-#, l# %'-. ' co#- %#l 5-ol %# l' +!%', #l cu'l #&$5 # #%!o %#l/'-'&o %# D!o&"*A/oc* 2: L' /'-$!c!/'c! %#l 5-ol %# l' +!%' # #l E%. #-'co%!c!o'l, 4'l#$# 7u# &u/-!!%'* 8#-o lo& %o#& %# l' +!%' 7u$u-' &o '&olu$o& #$#-o&* (No$': A/oc* 2: <)

El /-o7#$' co$#/l' "u -o l!/!o %# 'u' %# +!%', -#&/l'%#c!#$# coo c-!&$'l, 3u#&'l' %#l $-oo %# D!o& %#l Co-%#-o"* ", ' uo o$-o l'%o %#l -o, #&$'' #l 5-ol %# l'+!%'"* " ' o '-5 u#-$#, ! '-5 5& ll'$o, ! cl'o-, ! %olo-> /o-3u# l'&

/-!#-'& co&'& /'&'-o"*"u -o l!/!o %# 'u' %# +!%', -#&/l'%#c!#$# coo c-!&$'l,3u# &'l' %#l $-oo %# D!o& %#l Co-%#-o"* ", ' uo o$-o l'%o %#l -o, #&$'' #l 5-ol %#l' +!%'"* " ' o '-5 u#-$#, ! '-5 5& ll'$o, ! cl'o-, ! %olo-> /o-3u# l'&/-!#-'& co&'& /'&'-o"*A/oc* 22: 1, 2> 21: K* (No$': A/oc* 22: 1, 2> 21: K*<)

" $u /u#lo, $o%o& #llo& &#-5 ju&$o&,"

"8'-' &!#/-# #-#%'-5 l' $!#--'>"

"R#u#+o& %# ! /l'$o,"



L 2o 10@"O-' %# !& 'o&,"

8'-' lo-!4c'-#"*8'-' lo-!4c'-#"*I&'* 0: 21* (No$': I&'* 0: 21*<)

F'cul$'%o o$-' +#9 /'-' co/'-#c#- '$# D!o&, #l o-# +ol+#-5 ' -#c!!- #&#'9' %#.l, coo 'l /-!c!/!o:

"8o- $'$o, ! /u#lo &'-5 ! o-# /o- #&$' c'u&' # '3u#l %'> /o-3u# o !&o

3u# 'lo, # '3u #&$'-. /-#&#$#"*"8o- $'$o, ! /u#lo &'-5 ! o-# /o- #&$'c'u&' # '3u#l %'> /o-3u# o !&o 3u# 'lo, # '3u #&$'-. /-#&#$#"*I&'* J2:*(No$': I&'* J2:*<)

"# '3u #l $'#-5culo %# D!o& co lo& o-#&, .l o-'-5 co #llo&> #llo& &#-5 &u/u#lo, D!o& !&o #&$'-5 co #llo& coo &u D!o&"*"# '3u #l $'#-5culo %# D!o& colo& o-#&, .l o-'-5 co #llo&> #llo& &#-5 &u /u#lo, D!o& !&o #&$'-5 co#llo& coo &u D!o&"*A/oc* 21:;*;0; (No$': A/oc* 21:;*<)

"E&$o& &o lo& 3u# ' &'l!%o %# l' -' $-!ul'c!, ' l'+'%o &u& -o/'&, l'& '#l'3u#c!%o # l' &'-# %#l Co-%#-o* 8o- #&$o #&$5 %#l'$# %#l $-oo %# D!o&, l#&!-+# %' oc# # &u $#/lo* * * ' o $#%-5 '-# ! &#%, #l &ol o c'#-5 5&

&o-# #llo&, ! c'lo- 'luo> /o-3u# #l Co-%#-o 3u# #&$5 # #%!o %#l $-oo lo&/'&$o-#'-5, lo& u!'-5 ' 7u#$#& %# 'u'& %# +!%'> D!o& #ju'-5 $o%' l5-!' %# lo&ojo& %# #llo&"*"E&$o& &o lo& 3u# ' &'l!%o %# l' -' $-!ul'c!, ' l'+'%o &u&-o/'&, l'& ' #l'3u#c!%o # l' &'-# %#l Co-%#-o* 8o- #&$o #&$5 %#l'$# %#l$-oo %# D!o&, l# &!-+# %' oc# # &u $#/lo* * * ' o $#%-5 '-# ! &#%, #l&ol o c'#-5 5& &o-# #llo&, ! c'lo- 'luo> /o-3u# #l Co-%#-o 3u# #&$5 # #%!o %#l$-oo lo& /'&$o-#'-5, lo& u!'-5 ' 7u#$#& %# 'u'& %# +!%'> D!o& #ju'-5 $o%'l5-!' %# lo& ojo& %# #llo&"*A/oc* : 1K1* (No$': A/oc* : 1K1*<)

"Ao-' +#o& /o- #&/#jo, o&cu-'#$#> '& #$oc#& +#-#o& c'-' ' c'-'* Ao-'coo9co # /'-$#> /#-o #$oc#& cooc#-. coo 7u! cooc!%o"*"Ao-' +#o& /o- #&/#jo,o&cu-'#$#> '& #$oc#& +#-#o& c'-' ' c'-'* Ao-' coo9co # /'-$#> /#-o

#$oc#& cooc#-. coo 7u! cooc!%o"*1 Co-* 1;: 12* (No$': 1 Co-* 1;: 12*<)

"V#-5 &u -o&$-o, &u o-# #&$'-5 # &u& 7-#$#&"*"V#-5 &u -o&$-o, &u o-##&$'-5 # &u& 7-#$#&"*A/oc* 22: K* (No$': A/oc* 22: K*<)

u. c'/o &# '-!-5 'll ' u#&$-o #&$u%!o cu'%o &# %#&co--' #l +#lo 3u# o&cu-#c#u#&$-' +!&$', u#&$-o& ojo& co$#/l# #&# u%o %# #ll#9' %#l cu'l 'o-' $##o&'/#'& +!&lu-#& /o- #%!o %#l !c-o&co/!o&P Cu'%o co$#/l#o& l'& lo-!'& %# lo&c!#lo& #&$u%!'%o& 'o-' /o- #%!o %#l $#l#&co/!oP Cu'%o, o--'%', l' 'c' %#l/#c'%o, $o%' l' $!#--' '/'-#9c' # "l' #-o&u-' %# =#o+5 u#&$-o D!o&"P All #l#&$u%!o&o %# l' c!#c!' /o%-5 l##- lo& !7o-#& %# l' c-#'c! &! 'll'- &#'l#& %# l' l#

%#l 'l* E&cuc'-5 l' &!c' %# l'& +oc#& %# l' '$u-'l#9' o %#&cu-!-5 !u' o$'%# ll'$o ! +o9 %# %olo-* E $o%'& l'& co&'& c-#'%'& %#&cu-!-5 u' #&c-!$u-', # #l +'&$'u!+#-&o co$#/l'-5 "#l o-# %# D!o& #&c-!$o # -'%#& c'-'c$#-#&" ! # l' $!#--',! # #l '-, ! # #l c!#lo 3u#%'-5 &#'l %#l 'l*

All &# +!+!-5 l' +!%' #%.!c', l' +!%' 3u# $-'&cu--!-5 # #l j'-% #l c'/o* "E%!4c'-5c'&'&, o-'-5 # #ll'&> /l'$'-5 +!'&, co#-5 #l 7-u$ %# #ll'&* No #%!4c'-5/'-' 3u# o$-o '!$#, ! "E%!4c'-5 c'&'&, o-'-5 # #ll'&> /l'$'-5 +!'&, co#-5 #l 7-u$ %# #ll'&* No #%!4c'-5 /'-' 3u# o$-o '!$#, ! ;0K /l'$'-5 /'-' 3u#o$-o co'> /o-3u# &# lo& %'& %# lo& 5-ol#& &#-5 lo& %'& %# ! /u#lo !&#&co!%o& %!&7-u$'-5 l' o-' %# &u& 'o&*" /l'$'-5 /'-' 3u# o$-o co'> /o-3u#



&# lo& %'& %# lo& 5-ol#& &#-5 lo& %'& %# ! /u#lo !& #&co!%o& %!&7-u$'-5 l'o-' %# &u& 'o&*"I&'* J: 21,22* (No$': I&'* J: 21,22*<)

No '-5 '%' 3u# %'# ! %#&$-u' "# $o%o ! &'$o o$#, %!jo =#o+5"*"# $o%o !&'$o o$#, %!jo =#o+5"*I&'* J: 2J* All #l o-# -#co-'-5 &u /#-%!%' %!!%'% -#'l lo& &#-#& !7#-!o-#& -#cooc#-5 &u &u/-#'c'> lo& 4#-o& &# $o-'-5 '&o& lo&$!%o&, co4'%o&* (No$': I&'* J: 2J*<)

S# o7-#c#-5 'l #&$u%!'$# u' !&$o-!' %# 'lc'c# !4!$o %# -!3u#9' !#7'l#* A3u,%#&%# l' /o&!c! +#$'jo&' 3u# l# o7-#c# l' 8'l'-' %# D!o&, #l #&$u%!'$# lo-' u'/#-&/#c$!+' %#l +'&$o c'/o %# l' !&$o-!', /u#%# o$##- 'l cooc!!#$o %# lo&/-!c!/!o& 3u# -!# #l cu-&o %# lo& &uc#&o& u'o&* 8#-o &u +!&! #&$5 ' #/#'%' &u cooc!!#$o #& !co/l#$o* No +#-5 cl'-'#$# l'& co&'& '&$' 3u# #&$. ' l' lu9%# l' #$#-!%'%*

M ;o 10@ E$oc#& &# '-!-5 '$# &u +!&$' #l %#&'--ollo %#l -' co?!c$o 3u# &# o-!!'$#& 3u# #/#9'-' #l $!#/o 3u# o 'c''-5 '&$' 3u# $#-!#* S#-5 #+!%#$# l'!&$o-!' %#l co!#9o %#l /#c'%o> %# l' 7'$'l #$!-' &u /#-+#-&' o-'> %# l' +#-%'%3u#, &! %#&+!'-&# %# lo -#c$o, ' #co 7-#$# 'l #--o- lo ' +#c!%o* S#-5 %#&co--!%o #l+#lo 3u# &# !$#-/o# #$-# #l u%o +!&!l# #l !+!&!l# &# -#+#l'-5 co&'&

'-'+!llo&'&*

Slo cu'%o &# +#' ' l' lu9 %# l' #$#-!%'% l'& /-o+!%#c!'& %# D!o&, co/-#%#-#o&lo 3u# %##o& 'l cu!%'%o l' !$#-c#&! %# &u& 5#l#&* Lo& &#-#& c#l#&$!'l#& '%#&#/#'%o u' /'-$# 'c$!+' # lo& '&u$o& %# lo& o-#&* ' '/'-#c!%o co -o/'&$' -!ll'$#& coo -#l5/'o> &# ' /-#&#$'%o coo o-#&, 'jo l' '/'-!#c!' %#+!'j#-o&* ' 'c#/$'%o l' o&/!$'l!%'% o7-#c!%' /o- o'-#& $#--#'l#&> ' 'c$u'%ocoo u'& %# +!'%'$#& #6$-'+!'%o&* ' 7-u&$-'%o #l /-o/&!$o %#l l'%- %#&+!'%o#l ol/# %#l %#&$-uc$o-*

Au3u# lo& o#-'$#& %# #&$# u%o lo !o-#, ' #u%o lo& 5#l#& ' 'l'%o# &u& coc!l!o&* Lo& ' co$#/l'% o lo& ojo& u'o&* Lo& o%o& u'o& '

#&cuc'%o &u& /#%!%o&* E $-!u'l#& co-$#& %# ju&$!c!', lo& #&'j#-o& c#l#&$!'l#& '%#7#%!%o l' c'u&' %# lo& /#-&#u!%o& o/-!!%o&* ' %#&'-'$'%o /-o/&!$o& %#$#!%o 'l#& 3u# u!#-' c'u&'%o o/-o!o &u7-!!#$o ' lo& !jo& %# D!o&* To%o#&$o &# -#+#l'-5 ' lo& 'luo& %# l' #&cu#l' c#l#&$!'l*

To%o -#%!!%o co/-#%#-5 l' o-' %# lo& 5#l#& # &u /-o/!' +!%'* u. &#&'c! l#/-o%uc!-5 co+#-&'- co #l 5#l 3u# 7u# &u u'-%!5 %#&%# #l /-!#- o#$o> 3u#+!!l &u& /'&o& cu-! &u c'#9' # #l %' %# /#l!-o> 3u# #&$u+o co .l # #l +'ll# %#l' &o-' %# u#-$#, 3u# &#'l &u lu'- %# %#&c'&o, 3u# 7u# #l /-!#-o # &'lu%'-lo# l' ''' %# l' -#&u--#cc!, cooc#- /o- #%!o %# .l l' !&$o-!' %# l' !$#-+#c!%!+!' # l' +!%' !%!+!%u'l, %# l' coo/#-'c! c#l#&$!'l # $o%' o-' # 7'+o- %# l'

u'!%'%P

E$oc#& &#-5 'cl'-'%'& $o%'& l'& /#-/l#j!%'%#& %# l' +!%'* Do%# ' o&o$-o& o&/'-#c! +#- &lo co7u&! %#&!lu&!, /-o/&!$o 3u#-'$'%o& /l'#& %#&'-'$'%o&,&# +#-5 u /-o/&!$o -'%!o&o, %o!'$#, +!c$o-!o&o, u' '-o' %!+!'*

All, $o%o& lo& 3u# o-'-o co #&/-!$u '#'%o +#-5 #l 7-u$o %# &u& l'o-#&* S# +#-5 #l-#&ul$'%o %# l' '/l!c'c! %# c'%' /-!c!/!o -#c$o l' -#'l!9'c! %# $o%' 'cc! ol#*Alo %# #llo +#o& 'o-'* 8#-o, cu5 /oco %#l -#&ul$'%o %# l' o-' 5& ol# %#lu%o ll#' ' +#- # #&$' +!%' #l, 3u# l' 'c#P Cu5$o& $-''j' '#'%' #!c'&'l##$# /o- lo& 3u# /'&' 5& 'll5 %# &u 'lc'c# cooc!!#$oP Lo& /'%-#&



'#&$-o& c'# # &u l$!o &u#o co l', &#&'c! %# 3u# ' &!%o 7$!l l' o-' %# &u+!%'> o &'# 3u# &u 4%#l!%'% ' '!#-$o ''$!'l#& %# #%!c! 3u# uc' %#j'-5%# ?u!-> &lo /o- l' 7# +# ' lo& !jo& 3u# ' c-!'%o $-'&7o-'-&# # u' #%!c! #!&/!-'c! /'-' &u& &##j'$#&, +# ul$!/l!c'-&# !l +#c#& &u !?u#c!'* M5& %# uo-#-o #+' 'l u%o #&'j#& %# 7o-$'l#9', #&/#-'9' +'lo-, /'l'-'& /o-$'%o-'& %##%!c! /'-' lo& '!$'$#& %# $o%o& lo& /'&#&* M'& .l /oco &'# %# lo& -#&ul$'%o&!#$-'& $-''j' # l' o&cu-!%'% l' &ol#%'%* A& &# 'c# %5%!+'&, &# ll#+'-#&/o&'!l!%'%#& &# 'c# l' o-'* Lo& o-#& &!#-' l' &#!ll' %# l' cu'l, &o-#

&u& &#/ulc-o&, o$-o& co&#c' # 'u%'c!'* 8l'$' 5-ol#& /'-' 3u# o$-o& co' &u&7-u$o&* S# co$#$' '3u co &'#- 3u. ' /u#&$o # 'cc! !&$-u#$o& #.4co&*E #l 5& 'll5 &# +#-5 #l -#&ul$'%o&*

E #l c!#lo &# u'-%' u -#!&$-o %# $o%o %o o$o-'%o /o- D!o&, 3u# ' !%uc!%o ' lo&o-#& ' 'c#- #&7u#-9o& '#'%o&* Uo %# lo& #&$u%!o& l'& -#co/#&'& %# l'#&cu#l' c#l#&$!'l co&!&$!-5 # %#&cu-!- #&$o # $o%' &u '/l!$u%, co$#/l'- ' lo& 3u#/o- u#&$-o& #&7u#-9o& ' &!%o #l#+'%o& #ol#c!%o&, +#- # &u !&$o-!' lo& 7-u$o&%# l' '/l!c'c! %# lo& /-!c!/!o& +#-%'%#-o&*

All cooc#-#o& coo &oo& cooc!%o&* All 'll'-5 u #/l#o 5& %ulc# +#-%'%#-o#l 'o- l'& &!/'$'& 3u# D!o& ' !/l'$'%o # .l 'l'* L' cou! /u-' co &#-#&

c#l#&$!'l#&, l' '-o!o&' +!%' &oc!'l co lo& 5#l#& !#'+#$u-'%o& lo& 4#l#& %#$o%'& l'& ./oc'&, #l +culo &'-'%o 3u# u# "$o%' l' 7'!l!' # lo& c!#lo&, # l' $!#--'",$o%'& #&$'& co&'& &# cu#$' #$-# l'& #6/#-!#c!'& %#l 5& 'll5*

'-5 'll &!c' c'$o $'l#& coo, &'l+o # l'& +!&!o#& # D!o&, ! o-$'l, ' o%o! coc#!%o !u' #$#* "'-5 c'$o-#& $'#%o-#& # #ll'"* "E&$o& 'l9'-5 &u+o9, c'$'-5 o9o&o& /o- l' -'%#9' %# =#o+5"'-5 c'$o-#& $'#%o-#& # #ll'"*"E&$o& 'l9'-5 &u +o9, c'$'-5 o9o&o& /o- l' -'%#9' %# =#o+5"* "C!#-$'#$#co&ol'-5 =#o+5 ' S!o> co&ol'-5 $o%'& &u& &ol#%'%#&, c'!'-5 &u %#&!#-$o #/'-'&o, &u &ol#%'% # u#-$o %# =#o+5> &# 'll'-5 # #ll' 'l#-' o9o 'l''9' +oc#& %# c'$o"* (No$': S'l* : > I&'* 2K:1K*<I&'* J1:;*<)

All &# %#&'--oll'-5 $o%' 7'cul$'% $o%' '/$!$u% 'u#$'-5* S# !/ul&'-5 l'& 'o-#&#/-#&'&, &# lo-'-5 l'& 5& #l#+'%'& '&/!-'c!o#& &# -#'l!9'-5 l'& 'o-#&'!c!o#&* ' &# l#+'$'-5 u#+'& 'l$u-'& ' l'& cu'l#& ll#'-, u#+'& '-'+!ll'&3u# '%!-'-, u#+'& +#-%'%#& 3u# co/-#%#- u#+o& oj#$o& 3u# %#&/#-$'-5 l'&7'cul$'%#& %#l cu#-/o l' #$# #l 'l'*

M Ko 10@ To%o& lo& $#&o-o& %#l u!+#-&o &#-5 '!#-$o& 'l #&$u%!o %# lo& !jo& %# D!o&*E$-'-#o& co !#7'l# %#l#!$# # #l o9o # l' &'!%u-' %# lo& &#-#& o c'%o&*Co/'-$!-#o& lo& $#&o-o& ''%o& %u-'$# &!lo& &!lo& /'&'%o& # l' co$#/l'c!%# l' o-' %# D!o&* lo& 'o& %# l' #$#-!%'%, ' #%!%' 3u# $-'&cu--', &#u!-5o7-#c!#%o -#+#l'c!o#& 5& lo-!o&'&* "Muco 5& 'u%'$##$# %# lo 3u# /#%!o&

o #$#%#o&"Muco 5& 'u%'$##$# %# lo 3u# /#%!o& o #$#%#o&"E7#* ;:20*&#-5 /'-' &!#/-# l' u!4c#c!' %# D!o& /'-' o$o-'- &u& %o#&* (No$': E7#* ;:20*<)

"Su& &!#-+o& l# &#-+!-5"*"Su& &!#-+o& l# &#-+!-5"*A/oc* 22:;* L' +!%' # l' $!#--' #& #lco!#9o %# l' +!%' # #l c!#lo> l' #%uc'c! # l' $!#--' #& u' !!c!'c! # lo&/-!c!/!o& %#l c!#lo> l' o-' %# l' +!%' '3u #& u' /-#/'-'c! /'-' l' o-' %# l' +!%''ll5* Lo 3u# &oo& 'o-' # c'-5c$#- &#-+!c!o &'$o #& #l &olo &#u-o %# lo 3u#&#-#o& #$oc#&* (No$': A/oc* 22:;*<)

"El !jo %#l o-# o +!o /'-' &#- &#-+!%o, &!o /'-' &#-+!-"*"El !jo %#l o-# o +!o/'-' &#- &#-+!%o, &!o /'-' &#-+!-"*M'$* 20: 2* L' o-' %# C-!&$o # l' $!#--' #& &u o-'



# #l c!#lo, l' -#co/#&', 3u# ;0 -#c!!-#o& /o- $-''j'- /'-' .l # #&$# u%o&#-5 #l 'o- /o%#- #l 5& '/l!o /-!+!l#!o %# $-''j'- co .l # #l u%o +#!%#-o*(No$': M'$* 20: 2*<)

"Vo&o$-o&, /u#&, &o!& !& $#&$!o&, %!c# =#o+5, 3u# o &o D!o&"*"Vo&o$-o&, /u#&, &o!& !&$#&$!o&, %!c# =#o+5, 3u# o &o D!o&"*I&'* K;: 12* E&$o $'!. &#-#o& # l'#$#-!%'%* (No$': I&'* K;: 12*<)

G8o- 3u. &# /#-!$! 3u# #l -' co?!c$o &# /-olo'-' /o- $'$o& &!lo&H G8o- 3u. o &#&u/-!! l' #6!&$#c!' %# S'$'5& 'l co!#9o !&o %# &u -##l!H 8'-' 3u# #lu!+#-&o &# co+#c!#-' %# l' ju&$!c!' %# D!o& # &u $-'$o co #l 'l> /'-' 3u# #l /#c'%o-#c!!#&# co%#'c! #$#-'* E #l /l' %# &'l+'c! ' 'l$u-'& /-o7u%!%'%#& 3u# l'#$#-!%'% !&' uc' /o%-5 'o$'-, '-'+!ll'& 3u# lo& 5#l#& %#&#'-' #&c-u$'-* D#$o%o& lo& &#-#& c-#'%o&, &lo lo& -#%!!%o& ' cooc!%o /o- #6/#-!#c!' #l co?!c$o -#'lco #l /#c'%o> ' $-''j'%o co C-!&$o , co&' 3u# ! lo& 5#l#& /o%-' 'c#-, '/'-$!c!/'%o %# &u& &u7-!!#$o&* GNo $#%-5 'c'&o 'l $#&$!o!o 'c#-c' %# l' c!#c!'%# l' -#%#c!, 'lo 3u# &#' %# +'lo- /'-' lo& &#-#& o c'%o&H

A 'o-' #& "%'%o ' cooc#-" "8o- #%!o %# l' !l#&!'", "' lo& /-!c!/'%o& /o$#&$'%#&# lo& lu'-#& c#l#&$!'l#&, l' ul$!7o-# &'!%u-' %# D!o&"* "%'%o ' cooc#-" "8o- #%!o

%# l' !l#&!'", "' lo& /-!c!/'%o& /o$#&$'%#& # lo& lu'-#& c#l#&$!'l#&, l' ul$!7o-#&'!%u-' %# D!o&"* "ju$'#$# co .l o& -#&uc!$, '&!!&o o& !9o &#$'- # lo&lu'-#& c#l#&$!'l#&* * * /'-' o&$-'- # lo& &!lo& +#!%#-o& l'& 'u%'$#& -!3u#9'& %# &u-'c!' # &u o%'% /'-' co o&o$-o& # C-!&$o =#&&"*"ju$'#$# co .l o& -#&uc!$, '&!!&o o& !9o &#$'- # lo& lu'-#& c#l#&$!'l#&* * * /'-' o&$-'- # lo& &!lo&+#!%#-o& l'& 'u%'$#& -!3u#9'& %# &u -'c!' # &u o%'% /'-' co o&o$-o& #C-!&$o =#&&"*E7#* ;:10> 2: , * (No$': E7#* ;:10> 2: , *<)

"E &u $#/lo $o%o /-ocl'' &u lo-!'"E &u $#/lo $o%o /-ocl'' &u lo-!'"<, "-'%#& '-'+!llo&'& &o $u& o-'&, S#o- D!o& To%o/o%#-o&o> ;0ju&$o& +#-%'%#-o& &o $u&c'!o&, R# %# lo& &'$o&* Gu!. o $# $##-5, o S#o-, lo-!4c'-5 $u o-#H 8u#&&lo $ #-#& &'$o"*A/oc* 1J: ;, KA/oc* 1J: ;, K< (No$': <, #l c'$o 3u# c'$'-5

lo&-#%!!%o&, #l c'$o %# &u #6/#-!#c!', %#cl'-'-5 l' lo-!' %# D!o&: "-'%#& '-'+!llo&'& &o $u& o-'&, S#o- D!o& To%o/o%#-o&o> ju&$o& +#-%'%#-o& &o $u&c'!o&, R# %# lo& &'$o&* Gu!. o $# $##-5, o S#o-, lo-!4c'-5 $u o-#H 8u#&&lo $ #-#& &'$o"*)

E u#&$-' +!%' $#--#'l, 'u3u# -#&$-!!%' /o- #l /#c'%o, #l 'o- o9o l' 5&#l#+'%' #%uc'c! &# #cu#$-' # #l &#-+!c!o* # l' +!%' 7u$u-', l!-# %# l'&l!!$'c!o#& %# l' u'!%'% /#c'!o&', 'll'-#o& u#&$-o 'o- o9o u#&$-'5& #l#+'%' #%uc'c! # #l &#-+!c!o: D'%o $#&$!o!o, !#$-'& lo 'c#o&'/-#%!#%o %# u#+o 'c#-c' %# "l'& -!3u#9'& %# l' lo-!' %# #&$# !!&$#-!o #$-# lo&#$!l#&> 3u# #& C-!&$o # +o&o$-o&, l' #&/#-'9' %# lo-!'"*"l'& -!3u#9'& %# l' lo-!' %#

#&$# !!&$#-!o #$-# lo& #$!l#&> 3u# #& C-!&$o # +o&o$-o&, l' #&/#-'9' %# lo-!'"*Col*1: 2* (No$': Col* 1: 2*<)

"A o &# ' '!7#&$'%o lo 3u# #o& %# &#-> /#-o &'#o& 3u# cu'%o .l &#'!4#&$#, &#-#o& &##j'$#& ' .l, /o-3u# l# +#-#o& $'l coo .l #&"*"A o &# ''!7#&$'%o lo 3u# #o& %# &#-> /#-o &'#o& 3u# cu'%o .l &# '!4#&$#, &#-#o&&##j'$#& ' .l, /o-3u# l# +#-#o& $'l coo .l #&"*1 =u' ;: 2* (No$': 1 =u' ;: 2*<)

C-!&$o co$#/l'-5 #$oc#& &u -#co/#&' # lo& -#&ul$'%o& %# &u o-', # '3u#ll'-' ul$!$u% 3u# '%!# /o%-5 co$'-, /-#&#$'%' "&! 'c' %#l'$# %# &u lo-!' co-' 'l#-'"*"&! 'c' %#l'$# %# &u lo-!' co -' 'l#-'"*=u%* 2K*A3u#l cu'



&'-# o& ' -#%!!%o cu' +!%' ' &!%o /'-' o&o$-o& u' #&#'9', "+#-5 #l 7-u$o%# l' '?!cc! %# &u 'l', 3u#%'-5 &'$!&7#co"+#-5 #l 7-u$o %# l' '?!cc! %# &u 'l', 3u#%'-5 &'$!&7#co"* (No$': =u%* 2K*< I&'* J;:11*<)

= J0 10@V 0 110@

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