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DESARROLLO DEL CORAZNDESARROLLO DEL CORAZN

I.I. ReseaResea de lade la anatomaanatoma deldel desarrollodesarrollo cardacocardaco

II.II. AspectosAspectos celularescelulares yy molecularesmoleculares aa destacardestacar en elen eldesarrollodesarrollo cardacocardaco

Gabriel Anesetti

Prof. Adj. del Departamento de Histologa y Embriologa

2010

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Caractersticas anatmicas y funcionales a tener en cuentaCaractersticas anatmicas y funcionales a tener en cuenta

Desarrollo del corazn


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Mesodermo cardiognicoMesodermo cardiognico

Induccin del mesodermo cardiognicoInduccin del mesodermo cardiognico


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Plegamiento del embrin yPlegamiento del embrin ysus consecuencias sobre elsus consecuencias sobre eldesarrollo cardacodesarrollo cardaco



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PlegamientoPlegamiento deldel embrinembrin yy sussusconsecuenciasconsecuencias sobresobre elel desarrollodesarrollo cardacocardaco


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Estructura del tubo cardaco:Estructura del tubo cardaco:

EndocardioEndocardio EpimiocardioEpimiocardio Gelatina cardacaGelatina cardaca



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Sistema vascular primitivoSistema vascular primitivo


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Modificaciones en la morfologa externa del tubo cardacoModificaciones en la morfologa externa del tubo cardaco



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Variaciones en la morfologa externa del tubo cardacoVariaciones en la morfologa externa del tubo cardaco


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Tabicacin aurculoTabicacin aurculo--ventricularventricular



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Defectos en la tabicacin aurculoDefectos en la tabicacin aurculo--ventricularventricular


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RemodelacinRemodelacin sinosino--auricularauricular



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TabicacinTabicacin auricularauricular

SeptumSeptum primumprimum

SeptumSeptum secundumsecundumOstiumOstium primumprimum

OstiumOstium secundumsecundumForamen ovalForamen oval


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Defectos de la tabicacin auricularDefectos de la tabicacin auricular



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Incorporacin del seno venoso en laIncorporacin del seno venoso en lapared de la aurcula derechapared de la aurcula derecha


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Incorporacin de la vena pulmonarIncorporacin de la vena pulmonaren la pared de la aurcula izquierdaen la pared de la aurcula izquierda



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TabicacinTabicacin ventricularventricular

TabiqueTabique muscularmuscularTabiqueTabique membranosomembranoso


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Remodelacin ventricularRemodelacin ventricular



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Defectos de la tabicacin ventricularDefectos de la tabicacin ventricular


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Tabicacin del tronco arteriosoTabicacin del tronco arterioso



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Tabicacin del tronco arteriosoTabicacin del tronco arterioso


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Alteraciones en la tabicacin delAlteraciones en la tabicacin deltronco arteriosotronco arterioso



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Circulacin fetalCirculacin fetal


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DESARROLLO DEL CORAZNDESARROLLO DEL CORAZN

I.I. ReseaResea de lade la anatomaanatoma deldel desarrollodesarrollo cardacocardaco

II.II. AspectosAspectos celularescelulares yy molecularesmoleculares aa destacardestacar en elen el

desarrollodesarrollo cardacocardaco

Departamento de Histologa y Embriologa - 2010


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Figure 1. (A) Cardiogenesis during chicken gastrulation. St. refers to Hamburger and Hamilton stages. Stage 3: Cardiac

progenitor cells caudal to Hensens node are in the same anteroposterior order as their eventual positions in the tubularheart. Stage 5: Cardiac progenitor cells in the bilateral HFRs in the lateral plate mesoderm. Stage 7: HFR cells migrate to

form the cardiac crescent. In addition, the secondary heart field forms. Stage 12: Tubular heart with distinguishable

chamber primordia including the conus, primitive right ventricle (Rt. vent.) and left ventricle (Lt. vent.), and sinus venosus

(SV). Modified from Brand (2). (B) Cross-section of stage 8 chicken embryo depicting the ectodermal and endodermal

layers that surround the somatic and splanchnic mesoderm. (C) Signaling pathways between germ cell layers that act to

induce cardiogenic mesoderm. Positive acting signals in the endoderm and the mesoderm signal splanchnic mesodermal

cells to become cardiogenic. Inhibitory signals from the ectoderm, Hensens node, the notochord, and from within the

mesoderm inhibitcardiogenesis.Modified from Brand (Ref. 2; used with permission of Elsevier).

Exp. Biol. Med., Vol. 232,

No. 7, 852-865 (2007)


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Exp. Biol. Med. ]], Vol. 232, No. 7, 852-865 (2007)

Figure 5. (A) Heart tube looping and the L/R embryonic axis. Chamberprecursors aligned in the anteroposterior orientation in the linear hearttube are brought into the appropriate left-right juxtaposition for septation

and establishment of the left and right ventricular chambers by looping ofthe heart tube. (B) Network of interacting signal transduction pathwaysthat institute a left-right asymmetry within the chick embryo. Left/rightasymmetry is initiated by asymmetric expression of activinB (AB)within Hensens node. AB inhibits Shh expression in the right portion ofthe node, allowing its expression in the left portion, where it diffuses intothe adjacent LPM and induces Nodal expression either directly or viacaronte, an antagonist of BMP action. Certain BMPs, such as BMP-2and BMP-4, and Vg1 maintain Nodal expression in the LPM as itsexpression domain expands with ti me. ActivinB also acts to preventestablishment of a leftward identity in the right LPM by imposing a"Nodal-free zone" by increasing BMP-4 and FGF8 signaling to inhibitShh and activate cSnR.



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Figure 2. Cardiac progenitor cells and the ToF

syndrome. The diagram illustrates the four

classic features that characterize ToF

compared with the normal adult heart.

Regions derived from the primitive heart

tubes (yellow) and from the secondary heart

field (green) are highlighted. The diagram

shows how the malformations seen in ToF

may be due to an altered migration and

differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells

originating from the recently discovered

secondary heart field.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine

Volume 19, Issue 4, May 2009, Pages 130-135


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PROEPICARDIAL

DEVELOPMENT


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The epicardium is

embryologically formed by the

outgrowth of proepicardial cellsover the naked heart tube.

Following epithelial-

mesenchymal transformation,

EPDCs form the subepicardial

mesenchyme and subsequently

migrate into the myocardium,

and differentiate into smooth

muscle cells and fibroblasts.

They contribute to the media

of the coronary arteries, to the

atrioventricular valves, and

the fibrous heart skeleton.

Furthermore, they are

important for the myocardial

architecture of the ventricular

walls and for the induction ofPurkinje fiber formation.

Special Issue: Cardiac Development

TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 17771798

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Bibliografa bsica

Anatoma del desarrollo

Embriologa clnica. Moore, Persaud. Elsevier; 8 Edicin (2009)

Embriologa Mdica de Langman: Con Orientacin Clnica. Sadler. Editorial Medica Panamericana

(2004)

Anatoma del desarrollo y ms

Cardiac Development and Implications for Heart Disease. Epstein JA., N Engl J Med 2010;363:1638-

47.

How to Make a Heart: The Origin and Regulation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Vincent SD and

Buckingham ME . Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 90 , Chapter 1, pp 1-41

Cardiovascular Embryology. Abdulla, R, Blew, GA, Holterman MJ. (2004) Pediatr Cardiol 25:191200


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Bibliografa adicional

Origin, Fate, and Function of Epicardium-Derived Cells (EPDCs) in Normal and Abnormal Cardiac

Development. Lie-Venema et al. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 17771798

Cardiovascular Development and the Colonizing Cardiac Neural Crest Lineage. Snider et al.

TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 10901113

Tetralogy of Fallot as a Model to Study Cardiac Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation During

Heart Development. Di Felice and Zummo. Trends Cardiovasc

Med (2009)19:130135

Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (I): Cardiogenic Induction and Heart Tube

Formation. Wagner and Siddiqui. Exp Biol Med(2007) 232:852865

Second lineage of heart forming region provides new understanding of conotruncal heart defects.

Nakajima Congenital Anomalies (2010) 50, 814

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