consti outline 2012

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BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF LAW

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I

1ST Semester SY 2012-2013

Atty. Ethel R. Andico-MalabananProfessor of Law

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The fundamental concepts of public law; the values,principles and policies underlying the constitution; the legal structure and basicfunction of the government; the distribution and limitation of power.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

a. Students must come to class prepared to recite the assignmentsfor the day. Hard copies of all the legal materials listed in thisoutline are available at the BSU Law Library. Soft copies of theSupreme Court decisions may be downloaded fromhttp://sc.judiciary.gov.ph and www.lawphil.net.

b. The use of cellular phones is prohibited during class. Cellular

phones must be turned off or placed in silent mode during class.If a student needs to attend to an emergency call, he/she may doso outside the classroom.

c. Consultation hours are every Fridays from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.

REFERENCE BOOKS: There is no prescribed textbook for this subject.However, the students may consult the latest edition of the book of Father Joaquin Bernas entitled “The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of thePhilippines: A Commentary.” Students are advised to have a copy of the 1987Philippine Constitution.

GRADING SYSTEM:

The final grade will be determined as follows:

Quizzes 15 %Recitation 15 %Midterm Exams 30 %Final Exams 40 %

100 %

REQUIREMENTS:

1. Recitation – Every meeting or class day, students will be called randomlyto recite on the provisions or cases assigned for the day. In case the

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/


http://www.lawphil.net/







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student is called, but he is absent then he will be given a grade of “5” forthat day.

2. Quizzes – Quizzes may be given on topics or cases assigned for the day orfor topics discussed in previous sessions. Generally, quizzes, surprise or

otherwise, will be given at the start of the class.

3. Mid-term exam – The Mid-term exam is a two (2) hour exam to be givenon the date assigned by the College for the class exam. It is acomprehensive exam testing the ability of the student to apply theknowledge of the law in practical situations. It will also include objectivetype of questions.

4. Final Exam – The final exam is a two (2) hour exam to be given on the dateassigned by the College for the class exam.

OUTLINE OF TOPICS AND CASES IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I

PART I. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION

A. FUNDAMENTAL LAW AS OVERRIDING STANDARD OFVALIDITY IN CASE OF REPUGNANCY

Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683

B. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION ENFORCED THROUGH JUDICIAL REVIEW

Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139Tañada v. Cuenco, 103 Phil. 1051

PART II. PHILIPPINE SOVEREIGNTY

A. STATE DEFINED

PART III. PREAMBLE

A. Purpose

Bernas, The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines ACommentary 2009 edition (also of 2003 edition) (read pp. 1-4)

PART IV. PHILIPPINE TERRITORY (Lecture for 20 minutes)

A. Territory – The Archipelago Concept

Article I 1987 Philippine Constitution 1

1. The Philippine Archipelago

1 Unless otherwise stated, the provisions cited in this outline refer to the 1987 Philippine Constitution.



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a. Treaty limits

Treaty of Paris, Art. IIITreaty between Spain and U.S. concluded at Washington

on Nov. 7, 1900 and that between U.S. and GreatBritain on January 2, 1930

b. Method of determining baselines

Rep. Act. No. 3046, June 17, 1961Rep. Act No. 5446, September 8, 1968Rep. Act. No. 9522 March 10, 2009

2. Other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or

jurisdiction

P. D. No. 1596, June 11, 1978Rep. Act. No. 9522 March 10, 2009

3. Two Hundred-Mile Exclusive Economic Zone

P. D. No. 1599, June 11, 1978U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, April 30, 1982

Merlin Magallona et.al vs. Hon. Eduardo Ermita et.al G.R. No.187167 July 11, 2011

PART V. CITIZENSHIP

A. Who are Citizens of the Philippines?

Article IV section 1, 1987 Philippine Constitution

1. Citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution

i. Citizens under the 1935 Constitution.

a. Philippine Bill of 1902 & Jones Law.b. The Caram Rule.c. Those whose fathers were citizens.d. Those who elected upon reaching majority age.e. Those who were naturalized.

ii. Citizens under the 1973 Constitution.

a. Those already citizens.b. Those whose fathers and mothers are citizens.c. Those that elected Philippine citizenship.d. Those who were naturalized.

2. Those whose fathers & mothers are citizens3. Those who elect Philippine Citizenship



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4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

B. NATURAL BORN– PRINCIPLE OF JUS SANGUINIS

Tecson v. Comelec G.R. No. 161434 March 3, 2004

1. Natural-born citizens, art. IV, sec. 2

a) Those whose fathers & mothers are citizens.b) Those who elect Filipino Citizenship.c) Reacquisition of natural born citizenship by repatriation.

Who must be natural born citizens:

(1) President.

Art. VII, sec. 2

(2) Vice President.

Art. VII, sec. 3

(3) Members of Congress.

Art. VI, secs. 3 & 6

(4) Justice of the Supreme Court and lower collegiate courts.

Art. VIII, sec. 7(1)

(5) Tanodbayan and his deputies.

Art. XI, sec. 8

(6) Constitutional Commissions.

Art. IX, B, sec. 1(1); Art. IX, C, sec. 1(1)

Art. IX, D. sec. 1(1)

(7) Members of the Central Monetary Authority.

Art. XII, sec. 20

(8) Commission on Human Rights.

Art. XIII, sec. 17(2)

Former natural born citizens as transferees of private lands

Art XII, sec. 8

a. THOSE NATURALIZED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW

1. By Judicial Proceeding



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a) CA No. 473 secs. 2-5, 7, 8, 15 & 18.b) RA No. 530 sec 1 – effect on the wife and children.

2. By Administrative Proceeding (R.A. No. 9139)

3. By Direct Act of Congress

b. Loss of Citizenship – Art. IV section 3; CA 63

c. Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003 (R.A. No.9225)

AASJS & Hector Calilung v. Datumanong G.R. No. 160969May 11, 2007

d.

Dual Allegiance – Art. IV sections 4 & 5; see also sec. 40 of R.A.No. 7160 Local Government Code

Mercado v. Manzano 307 SCRA 630Valles v. Comelec G.R. No. 137000 Aug 9, 2000

PART VI. THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT: PRINCIPLES, POLICIES,OFFICIALS AND SOVEREIGN POWERS

A. Philippine Government in General.

Bavani and Matoto v. National Coconut Corporation 100 Phil. 468

See definition of Government of the Republic of the Phils. undersection 2 (1) of the Administrative Code of 1987

B. Principles

1. Sovereignty of the People and Republicanism

Art. II, sec. 1Art. V

Villavicencio v. Lukban 39 Phil 778

2. Adherence to International Law

Preamble

Art. II, sec. 2

Id., secs. 7-8Art. XVIII, sec. 25

Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh, 75 Phil. 113

3. Supremacy of Civilian Authority despotic



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Art. II, sec. 3Art. VII, sec. 18Art. XVI, sec. 5(2) & (4)

Alih v. Castro 151 SCRA 279

4. Government as Protector of the People and People asDefenders of the State

Art. II, sec. 4Id., sec. 5

People v. Lagman & Zosa 66 Phil. 13Chavez v. Romulo G. R. No. 157036 June 9, 2004

5. Separation of Church and State

Art. II, sec. 6Art. III, sec. 5Art. IX, C, 2(5)Art. VI, sec. 5(2)

Aglipay v. Ruiz 64 Phil 201Garces v. Estenzo 104 SCRA 510

6. State Immunity from Suit

i. Basis

Republic v. Villasor 54 SCRA 83

ii. Foreign Government & Foreign Corporations andtheir Operations

U.S.A. v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487M.H. Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357

Minucher v. CA G.R. No. 142396 Feb 11, 2003

iii. Suits to Enforce Statutory Obligations

Animos v. Phil. Veterans Affairs, 174 SCRA 214

iv. EXCEPTIONS

1. EXPRESS CONSENT – Act 3083; CA No. 327 asamended by P.D. No. 1445

PNR v. I.A.C., 217 SCRA 401

2. ENGAGING IN PROPRIETORY FUNCTIONS

National Irrigation Adm. v. I.A.C., 214 SCRA 35



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3. GOVERNMENT LOANS AND CONTRACTS

Traders Royal Bank v. I.A.C., 192 SCRA 305

7. State Liability For Torts

Yulo v. Civil Service Commission, 219 SCRA 470

C. Policies

1. Independent foreign policy and a nuclear – free Philippines

Art. II, secs. 7-8Art. XVIII, secs. 4 and 25

Lim v. Exec. Sec. G.R. No. 151445 April 11, 2002

2. A just and dynamic social order

PreambleArt. II, sec. 9

a. The promotion of social justice

Art. II, sec. 10Art. XIII, secs. 1-2Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2

Calalang v. Williams 70 Phil 726 (1940)

b. Respect for human dignity and human rights

Art. II, sec. 11Art. XIII, secs. 17-19Art. XVI, sec 5 (2)

Simon v. CHR G.R. No. 100150 Jan 5, 1994

c. Fundamental equality of women and men

Art. II, sec. 14Art. XIII, sec. 14

PASEI v. Drilon 163 SCRA 386

d. Promotion of health & ecology

Art. II, secs. 15-16Art. XIII, secs. 11-13

e. The priority of education, science, technology, arts,culture and sports (ESTACS)



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Art. II, sec. 17Art. XIV, sec. 2 & 5

f. Urban land reform and housing

Art. XIII, secs. 9-10

g. Reform in agriculture and other natural resources

Art. II, sec. 21Art. XIII, secs. 4-8

h. Protection of labor

Art. II, sec. 18

Art. XIII, sec. 3

The right of government workers to form unions

Art. III, sec. 8Art. IX, B, sec. 2(5)

SSS Employ. Assn. v. CA 175 SCRA 686 (1989)

i. Independent people’s organization

Art. II, sec.23Art. XIII, secs. 15-16

3. The family as a Basic Autonomous SOCIAL Institution

Art. II, sec. 12Art. XV, (The Family)Art. II, sec. 13Civil Code, Art. 52 (Marriage is not a mere contract but aninviolable social institution)

4. A self-reliant and independent ECONOMIC order

Art. II, sec. 19Id., sec. 20Art. XII, sec. 6 (National Economy and Patrimony)

Tanada v. Angara 272 SCRA 18

5. Communication and information in nation-building

Art. II, sec. 24Art. XVI, secs. 10-11Art. XVIII, sec. 23

6. Autonomy of local governments



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Art. II, sec. 25Art. X, (local Governments)

7. Recognition of the rights of indigenous culturalcommunities

Art. II, sec. 22Art. VI, sec. 5(2)Art. XII, sec. 5Art. XIII, sec. 6Art. XIV, sec. 17Art. XVI, sec. 12

8. Equal Access of Opportunities for Public Service

Art. II, sec. 26Pamatong v. Comelec G.R. No. 161872 April 13, 2004

9. Honest Public Service and Full Public Disclosure

Art. II, sec. 27Art. XI, secs. 4, 5-15Art. II, sec. 28Art. XI, sec. 17Art. VII, sec. 12

Art. VII, sec. 20Art. XII, sec. 21Art. XII, sec. 2, par. 5Art. VI, secs. 12 and 20Art. IX, D, sec. 4Art. III, sec. 7

Legaspi v. Civil Service Commission 150 SCRA 530

PART VII. DISTRIBUTION AND SEPARATION OF POWERS

A. PURPOSE & PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS

B. INTERDEPENDENCE, BLENDING OF POWERS and CHECKS ANDBALANCES

Kilosbayan Inc. v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110Demetria v. Alba 148 SCRA 208 (1987)Mantruste System v. CA 179 SCRA 136 (1989)

C. JUSTICIABLE AND POLITICAL QUESTIONS

Arnault v. Balagtas 97 Phil 358 (1955)Alejandrino V. Quezon 46 Phil. 83

Article VIII, section 1Article VII, section 18



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PART VIII. THE STRUCTURE AND POWERS OF THE NATIONALGOVERNMENT

A. Congress

1. Composition, Qualifications and Term of Office

a. Senate

Art. VI, secs. 2-4

b. House of Representatives

Art. VI, secs. 5-8R.A. No. 7941 The Party-List System Act

Barangay Association for National Advancement and Transparency(BANAT) v. Comelec G.R. Nos. 179271 & 179295April 21, 2009 & August 7, 2009

SJS v. Dangerous Drugs Board Nov 3, 2008 G.R. No. 157870

2. Election

a. Regular Election

Art. VI, sec. 8

b. Special election

Art. VI, sec. 9R.A. No. 6645

3. Organization and sessions

a. Election of Officers

Art. VI, sec. 16(1)Santiago v. Guingona G.R. 134577 November 18, 1998

b. Quorum

Id., sec 16(2)Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 (1949)

c. Rules of proceedings

Id., sec. 16(3)Id., sec. 21

Pacete v. Secretary of the Commission on Appointments,40 SCRA 58, (1971)

Arroyo v. De Venecia G.R. No. 127255 August 14, 1997



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d. Discipline of members

Id., sec. 16(3)Alejandrino v. Quezon, 46 Phil. 1 (1947)Osmeña v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)

Santiago v. Sandiganbayan G.R. 126055 April 19, 2001De Venecia v. Sandiganbayan G.R. No. 130240

February 5, 2002

e. Journal and Record

Art. VI, sec 16(4)

(1) The Enrolled Bill Theory

Casco (Phil.) Chemical Co. v. Gimenez,7 SCRA 347 (1963)

(2) Probative value of the Journal

United States v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)

(3) Matters to be entered in the Journal

(a) Yeas and nays on the third and final

reading of a bill (Art. VI, sec. 26(2)

(b) Veto message of the President(Art. VI, sec 27(1)

(c) Yeas and nays on the repassing of a billvetoed by the President(Art. VI, sec 27(1)

(d) Yeas and nays on any question at the requestof 1/5 of members present(Art. VI, sec 16(4)

(4) Journal Entry Rule v. Enrolled Bill Theory

Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)Morales v. Subido 27 SCRA 131 (1969)

(5) Congressional record

Art. VI, sec 16(4), par. 2

f. Sessions

(1) Regular sessions

Art. VI, sec. 15Id., sec. 16(5)



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(2) Special sessions

Id., sec. 15Art. VII, secs. 10-11

Art. VII, sec. 18, par. 3

4. Salaries, privileges and Disqualifications

a. SalariesArt. VI, sec. 10Art. XVIII, sec. 17

PHILCONSA v. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)Ligot v. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)

b. Freedom from arrestArt. VI, sec. 11Rev. Penal Code, art. 145

People v. Jalosjos G.R. No. 132875 February 3, 2000Trillanes IV v. Judge Pimentel G.R. No. 179817 June 27, 2008

c. Speech and Debate Clause

Art. VI, sec. 11 Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 876 (1966)Osmena v. Pendatun 109 Phil 863Antero Pobre v. Senator M. Santiago AC No. 7399 August 25, 2009

d. Disqualification

(1) Incompatible and Forbidden officesId., sec. 13

Adaza v. Pacana, Jr. 135 SCRA 431 (1985)Liban et.al v. Gordon, et.al GR No. 175352

July 15, 2009(2) Other prohibitions

Art. VI, sec. 14Puyat v. de Guzman 113 SCRA 31 (1982)

e. Duty to disclose

Art. XI, sec. 17

Art. VI, sec. 12Id., sec. 20

5. Electoral Tribunals

Id., secs. 17 and 19



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Tañada v. Cuenco, 103 Phil. 1051 (1957)Bondoc v. Pineda 201 SCRA 792Pimentel v. HRET 393 SCRA 227

6. Commission on Appointments

Id., secs. 18-19Cunanan v. Tan 5 SCRA 1 (1962)Daza v. Singson 180 SCRA 496 (1989)Guingona v. Gonzales 214 SCRA 789 (1992)

7. Powers of Congress

a. General plenary powers

Art. VI, sec. 1

b. Limitations on the legislative power

(1) Substantive limitations

(a) Express substantive limitations

Art. III, (Bill of Rights)Art. VI, secs. 25 and 28

Art. XIV, sec. 4(3)Art. VI, sec. 29Id., sec. 30Id., sec. 31

(b) Implied substantive limitations

Prohibition against delegationof legislative powers

Prohibition against passage ofirrepealable laws

Exceptions to Nondelegation Doctrine

Delegation to the PresidentArt. VI, sec. 23(2) andSec. 28(2)

Delegation to the peopleArt. VII, sec. 32

Abakada v. Purisima G.R. No. 166715 Aug 14, 2008

(2) Procedural limitations

Art. VI, sec. 27

c. Question hour



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Art. VI, sec. 22

d. Legislative investigation

Art. VI, sec. 21

Arnault v. Nazareno. 87 Phil. 29 (1950)Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358 (1955)Sabio v. Gordon et.al. G.R. No. 174340, G.R. No. 174318

G.R. No. 174340. Oct 17, 2006Senate v. Executive Secretary Ermita G.R. No. 169777

April 20, 2007Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee 203 SCRA 767Standard Charter Bank v. Senate Committee on Banks

G.R. No. 167173 December 27, 2007Neri v. Senate Committees G.R. No. 180843 Mar 25, 2008

e. Act as board of canvassers for Presidential & VP elections

Art. VII, sec. 4, par. 4Pimentel v. Joint Committee of Congress to CanvassG.R. No. 163783 June 22, 2004

f. Call special election for President and Vice President

Art. VII, sec. 4

g. Legislative VETO or approval of extension of suspensionof privilege of habeas corpus or declaration of martial law

Art. VII, sec. 18

h. Approval of Presidential Amnesties

Art. VII, sec. 19

i. To confirm certain appointments

Art. VII, sec. 9Id., sec. 16

j. Concur in Treaties

Art. VII, sec. 21

k. Declaration of war and delegation of emergency powers

Art. VI, sec. 23

l. Be judge of the President’s physical fitness

Art. VII, sec 11, par. 4

m. Power of impeachment



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(1) Who are subject to impeachment

Art. XI, sec. 2

(2) Grounds for impeachment

Art. XI, sec. 2

(3) Procedure for impeachment

Id., sec 3(1)-(6)

Ernesto Francisco et.al v. House of Rep.G.R. No. 160261 Nov 10, 2003

Merceditas Gutierrez v. House of Representatives,et.al. G.R. No. 193459 Feb 15, 2011

(4) Consequence of impeachment

Id., sec. 3(7)

n. Power with regard to utilization of natural resources

Art. XII, sec. 2

o. Amendment of the Constitution

Art. XVII, secs. 1-3

1. Amendment v. Revision2. Proposal

a. By Congress

b. By Constitutional Convention

Gonzales v. Comelec 21 SCRA 774

c. By the people thru initiative (See RA 6735August 4, 1989)

Santiago v. Comelec G.R. No. 127325 Mar 19,1997 336 SCRA 848Lambino et.al. v. COMELEC G.R. No. 174153.October 25, 2006

3. SubmissionTolentino v. Comelec 41 SCRA 702

4. Ratification Art. XVII, sec 4 (1) & (2)

2. Legislative process



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a. Requirements as to bills

(1) As to titles of bills

Art. VI, sec. 26(1)

Which should control the title or the text of a statute?

Cruz v. Paras, 123 SCRA 569 (1983)Tobias v. Abalos 239 SCRA 106 (1994)

(2) Requirements as to certain laws

(a) Appropriation laws

Art. VII, sec. 22Art. VI, secs. 24-25Demetria v. Alba, G. R. No. L-45129, March 6, 1987Guingona v. Carague 196 SCRA 221 (1991)Philconsa v. Enriquez G.R. No. 113105 Aug 19, 1994

Id., sec. 29

(b) Tax laws

Art. VI, sec. 28Art. XIV, sec 4(3)

Lung Center v. QC G.R. No. 144104 June 29, 2004

b. Procedure for the passage of bills

Art. VI, sec. 26(2)Id., sec. 27

Bengzon v. Drilon 208 SCRA 133 (1992)

Gonzales v. Macaraig G.R. No. 87636 November 19, 1990

Do we have “pocket veto” in the Philippines?

What is a pocket veto? Compare art. I, sec. 7of U.S. Const.; “If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sunday excepted)after it shall have been presented to him, the sameshall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it,unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent

its return in which case it shall not be law.”

c. Legislative veto

Miller v. Mardo, 2 SCRA 898 (1961)Abakada v. Purisima supra



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d. Effectivity of laws

Civil Code, art. 2Tañada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)Same, resolution of motion for reconsideration,

G.R. No. 63915, Dec. 29, 1986Executive Order No. 200, June 18, 1987

B. Executive Department

1. The President

a. Qualifications, election, term and oath

Art. VII, secs. 2, 4 and 5

b. Privilege and salary

Art. VII, sec. 6

c. Prohibitions

Art. VII, sec. 13

Compare prohibitions against other officials

Art. VI, sec. 13Art. IX, A, sec. 2Art. IX, B, sec. 7

Exceptions to rule prohibiting executive officials fromholding another office:

a. Vice President as member of the cabinet(Art. VII, sec. 3, par. 2)

b. Secretary of Justice as member of Judicial and BarCouncil (Art. VIII, sec. 8(1)

Cruz v. COA G.R. No. 138489 Nov. 29, 2001

d. Succession

(1) In case of vacancy at the beginning of termArt. VII, sec. 7Id., sec. 10

(2) In case of vacancy during termArt. VII, sec. 8Id., sec. 10

Estrada v. Arroyo G.R. No. 146738 March 2, 2001



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(3) In case of temporary disabilityArt. VII, secs. 11 – 12

e. RemovalArt. XI, secs. 2 – 3

f. Powers and Functions of the President

(1) Executive PowerArt. VII, secs. 1 and 17

NEA v. CA G.R. No. 143481 February 15, 2002DENR v. DENR Region XII Employees G.R. No. 149724

August 19, 2003Marcos v. Manglapus 177 SCRA 668 (1989)

Phillips Seafood Corp. vs. BOI Feb 4, 2009 GR No. 175787

(2) Control of Executive DepartmentsArt. VII, sec. 17

MEWAP v. Romulo G.R. No. 160093 July 31, 2007Mondano v. Silvosa 97 Phil 143 (1955)

(3) General supervision of local governments andautonomous regions

Art. X, sec. 4Id., sec. 16Pimentel v. Aguirre G.R. No. 132988 July 19, 2000

(4) Power of appointment

With consent of Commission on Appointments

Sarmiento v. Mison, G.R. No. 79974, Dec. 17, 1987Concepcion-Bautista v. Salonga 172 SCRA 160 (1989)Soriano v. Lista G.R. No. 153881 March 24, 2003

(a) Heads of departmentsArt. VII, sec. 16

(b) Ambassadors, public ministers, and consulsArt. VII, sec. 16

(c) Officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel andnaval captain

Art. VII, sec. 16

(d) Chairman and members of Constitutional CommissionsArt. IX, B, Sec. 1(2)Id., C, sec 1(2)Id., D, sec 1(2)

(e) Members of the Judicial and Bar Council



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Upon recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council

(a) Members of the Supreme Court and all other lower

courtsArt. VIII, sec. 9

(b) Tanodbayan and DeputiesArt. XI, sec. 9

Appointments solely by the President

(a) Those whose appointments are not otherwise by law

(b) Those whom he may be authorized by law to appoint

Limitations on appointing power of the President

Art. VII, secs. 13 and 15

Jorge v. Mayor, 10 SCRA 331 (1964)Quimsing v. Tajanglangit, 10 SCRA 446 (1964)In Re: Mateo Valenzuela A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC

Nov 9, 1998

Castro v. JBC & Pres. Arroyo G.R. No. 191002 &G.R. No. 191032 April 20, 2010 & March 2010

Interim or recess appointments

Art. VI, sec. 19Art. VII, sec 16, par. 2

Limitation on appointing power of Acting President

Art. VII, secs. 14 – 16

(5) Executive clemencies

Art. VII, sec. 19Art. IX, C, sec. 5

(a) Pardon distinguished from probationPeople v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56 (1937)

(b) Pardon distinguished from paroleTesoro v. Director of Prisons, 68 Phil. 154 (1939)

(c) Pardon distinguished from amnestyPeople v. Casido G.R. N o. 116512 March 7, 1997

(d) Effect of pardonPeople v. Nacional G.R. No. 111294 Sept 7, 1995

Garcia v. Chairman, COA G.R. No. 75025 Sept 14, 1993



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Llamas v. Orbos 202 SCRA 844

(6) Powers of Commander-in-ChiefArt. VII, sec. 18Art. III, sec. 13

Art. VIII, sec. 1, par. 2

IBP v. Zamora G.R. No. 141284 August 15, 2000Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary GR No. 159085

Feb 3, 2004 421 SCRA 656Randolph S. David vs. PGMA GR No. 171390

May 3, 2006

Philip Sigrid Fortun and Albert Lee Angeles vs.Gloria Macapagal Arroyo GR No. 190293 March 20,

2012

(7) Emergency PowersArt. VI, sec 23(2)

Rodriguez v. Gella, 92 Phil. 603 (1953)

(8) Contracting and guaranteeing foreign loansArt. VII, sec. 20Art. XII, sec. 21

Rep. Act No. 4860

(9) Power over foreign affairs

Isabelita Vinuya et.al. v. Executive Secretary et.al.GR No. 162230 April 28, 2010

(a) Treaty makingArt. VII, sec. 21

Treaty distinguished from executive agreements

Comm. of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading 3 SCRA 351 (1961)

(b) Deportation of undesirable aliens

Go Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17

(10) Power over legislation

(a) Address Congress

Art. VII, sec. 23(b) Preparation and submission of the budget

Id., sec. 22(c) Veto power

Art. VII, sec. 27(d) Emergency power

Art. VI, sec. 23(2)



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(e) Fixing of tariff ratesArt. VI, sec. 28(2)

(11) Immunity from suit

Beltran v. Macasiar G.R. No. 82585 Nov 14, 1998Gloria v. CA G.R. No. 119903 Aug 15, 2000Estrada v. Desierto G.R. No. 146710-15 March 2, 2001

[12] Executive Privilege

Romulo Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability ofPublic Officers and Investigations et al.G.R. No. 180643 March 25, 2008 & September 4, 2008

Senate v. Ermita G.R. No. 169777 April 20, 2006

2. Vice President

a. Qualifications, election, term and oathArt. VII, sec. 3Id., sec. 4Id., sec. 5

b. Privilege and salary

Art. VII, sec. 6

c. ProhibitionsArt. VII, sec. 13Id., sec. 3, par. 2

d. SuccessionArt. VII, sec. 9

e. RemovalArt. XI, secs. 2 – 3

C. The Judicial Department

1. The Supreme Court

a. Composition

Art. VIII, sec. 4

Vargas v. Rilloraza, 80 Phil. 297 (1948)

b. Appointment and qualifications

Art. VIII, sec. 7(1)Id., sec. 8(5)Id., sec. 9



22

SB ng Taguig v. J. Estrella, A.M. No. 01-1608-RTJ January 16, 2001

Castro v. JBC & Pres. Arroyo G.R. No. 191002 &G.R. No. 191032 April 20, 2010 & March 2010

c. Salary

Art. VIII, sec. 10Art. XVIII, sec. 17

Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 522 (1950)Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696 (1953)Compare 1973 Const., art. XV, sec. 6

Not exempt from income tax

Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue,G.R. No. 78780, July 23, 1987

d. TenureArt. VIII, sec. 11Id., sec. 1Id., sec. 2, par. 2

De la Llana v. Alba 122 SCRA 291 (1983)

e. Removal

Art. XI, sec. 2Art. VIII, sec. 11

f. Jurisdiction

Art. VIII, sec. 11Id., sec. 2, par. 1Id., sec. 5Art. VI, sec. 30Art. VII, sec. 18

People v. Ramos, 88 SCRA 486 (1979)Tirol v. CA G.R. No. 133954 Aug 3, 2000

g. Judicial Power/Judicial Review

Art. VIII, sec 1, par. 2Miranda v. Aguirre G.R. No. 133064 Sept 16, 1999Salonga v. Pano 134 SCRA 438

Requisites of Judicial Review

Article VIII, Section 5(2)

1. Actual Case or Controversy



23

Montesclaros v. Comelec, G.R. No. 152295. July 9, 2002PACU v. Secretary of Education 91 Phil. 806

2. Proper PartyAgan v. PIATCO, G.R. No. 155001, May 5, 2003

CHR Employees Assoc. v. CHR, G.R. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004

3. Earliest OpportunityUmali v. Guingona, 305 SCRA 533 (1999)

4. Necessity of Deciding Constitutional QuestionsArceta v. Mangrobang, G.R. No. 152895. June 15, 2004

h. Act as a Presidential Electoral Tribunal

Art. VII, sec. 4, par. 4Lopez v. Roxas, 17 SCRA 756 (1966)Makalintal v. PET GR No. 191618 Nov 23, 2010

i. Administrative powers

(1) Supervision of lower courts

Art. VIII, sec. 6

Caoibes v. Ombudsman G.R. No. 132177 July 17, 2001In re Demetria A.M. No. 00-7-09-CA March 27, 2001

(2) Discipline of judges

Art. VIII, sec. 11

(3) Appointment of officials and employeesof entire judiciary


[4] Temporarily assign judges to other stations in publicinterest


[5] Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoidmiscarriage of justice

Art. VIII, sec. 5 (4)People v. Gutierrez 39 SCRA 173

[6] promulgate rules concerning the enforcement andprotection of constitutional rights

A.M. No. 07-9-12 SC Rule on Writ of Amparo A.M. No. 08-1-16 SC Rule on Writ of Habeas DataA.M. No. 09-6-8 SC Rule of Procedure on Environmental



24

Cases (Writ of Kalikasan)

Tapuz v. del Rosario G.R. No. 182484 Jan 17, 2008

[7] Admission to the Practice of Law

Zaldivar v. Gonzales 166 SCRA 316 (1988)Aguirre v. Rana Bar Matter No. 1036 June 10, 2003In re: Cunanan 94 Phil. 534 (1954)

[8] Integration of the Bar

In re: IBP Elections Bar Matter No. 491(October 6, 1989)

[9] Promulgate rules concerning pleading, practice andprocedure

j. No nonjudicial work for judges

Art. VIII, sec. 12Manila Electric Co. v. Pasay Trans. Co.,

57 Phil. 600 (1932)Garcia v. Macaraig, 39 SCRA 106 (1971)

k. Report on the judiciary

Art. VIII, sec. 16

l. Manner of sitting and votes required

Art. VIII, sec. 4Rule 56, sec. 7 Rules of Civil ProcedureRule 125, sec. 3 Rules of Court

Cruz v. DENR G.R. No. 135385 December 6, 2000

m. Requirements as to decisions

Art. VIII, secs. 13-14

Valladolid v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 205 (1983)Mendoza v. CFI, 51 SCRA 369 (1973)Bacolod Murcia Milling Co. v. Henares,

107 Phil. 560 (1960)

n. Periods for deciding cases

Art. VIII, sec. 15Art. VII, sec. 19, par. 3Art. XVIII, secs. 12-14



25

o. Judicial privilege

Resolution dated February 14, 2012 “In Re: Production of Court Records and Documents and the Attendance of Court officials andemployees as witnesses under the subpoenas of February 10, 2012

and the various letters for the Impeachment Prosecution Paneldated January 19 and 25, 2012.”http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/february2012/notice.pdf

2. Lower Courts

a. Qualifications

Art. VIII, sec. 7(1) (2)Id., sec. 8(5)

Id., sec. 9

b. Salary

Art. VIII, sec. 10

c. Tenure

Art. VIII, sec. 11Id., sec. 1

Id., sec. 2, par. 2De La Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294 (1982)

d. Removal

Art. VIII, sec. 11

e. Jurisdiction

Art. VIII, sec. 1Ynot v. IAC, G.R. No. 74457, March 20, 1987

f. Requirements as to preparations of decisions

Art. VIII, sec. 14

g. Period for deciding

Art. VIII, sec. 15Art. XVIII, secs. 12-14

3. The Judicial and Bar Council

Art. VIII, sec. 8

4. Automatic release of appropriationfor the judiciary

Art. VIII, sec. 3

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/february2012/notice.pdf





26

D. The Constitutional Commissions

1. Civil Service Commissions

a. Composition and qualifications of Commissioners

Art. IX, B, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2

b. Appointment and term of office of Commissioners

Art. IX, B, sec. 1(2)

c. Appointment of personnel of CSC

Art. IX, A, sec. 4

d. Salary

Art. IX, A, sec. 3Art. XVIII, sec. 17

e. Disqualifications

Art. IX, A, sec. 2

f. Impeachment

Art. XI, sec. 2

g. Functions of the CSC

Art. IX, B, sec. 3Art. IX, A, sec. 7Id., sec. 8

h. Scope of the civil service - Art. IX-B sec 2 (1)

Camporedondo v. NLRC G.R. No 129049 Aug 6, 1999National Service Corporation v. NLRC 168 SCRA 122 (1988)Leyson v. Ombudsman G.R. No. 134990 April 27, 2000

i. Terms and conditions of employment in the civil service

(1) Oath of allegiance to the Constitution

Art. IX, B, sec. 4Art. XI, sec. 18

(2) Merit system

CSC v. Salas G.R. No. 123708 June 19, 1997



27

PAGCOR v. Rilloraza G.R. No. 141141 June 25, 2001Corpus v. Cuarderno 15 SCRA 591

(a) Appointment of lameducks

Art. IX, B, sec. 6

(b) Appointment or designation of elective and appointiveofficials

Art. IX, B, sec. 7Art. VII, sec. 13Art, VI, sec. 13

(3) Standardization of pay and ban on double compensation

Art. IX, B, sec. 5Id., sec. 8

Santos v. Court of Appeals G.R. NO. 139792 Nov 22, 2000CB Empl. Assn. v. BSP G.R. No. 148208 Dec 15, 2004

(4) Ban on partisan political activities


Compare Art. XVI, sec. 5(3) (with respectto members of AFP)

Trinidad v. Valle 105 SCRA 606 (1981)Vistan v. Nicolas 201 SCRA 524

(5) Removal or suspension only for cause

Art. IX, B, sec 2(3)Ingles v. Mutuc, 26 SCRA 171 (1968)Cristobal v. Melchor, 78 SCRA 175 (1977)Miranda v. Carreon G.R. NO. 143540 April 11, 2003

(6) Summary removal

Acolola v. Tantuico, 85 SCRA 789 (1978)

(7) Right of self-organization

Art. III, sec. 8


j. Review of decisions of the CSC

Art. IX, A, sec. 7

k. Fiscal independence



28

Art. IX, A, sec. 5

2. Commission on Elections

a. Composition and qualifications of Commissioners

Art. IX, C, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2

b. Appointment and term of office of Commissioners

Art. IX, C, sec. 1(2)

c. Appointment of personnel

Art. IX, A, sec. 4

d. Salary



Art. IX, A, sec. 2

f. Impeachment

Art. XI, sec. 2

g. Powers and functions of the COMELEC

Art. IX, C, sec. 2

(1) Enforce election laws

Art. IX, C, sec. 2(1)Id., sec. 10

Sandoval v. COMELEC G.R. No. 133842 Jan 26, 2000Brillantes v. Comelec G.R. No. 163193 June 15, 2004

R.A. No. 9189 (2003) The Overseas Absentee Voting Act

(2) Decide administrative questions pertaining to election,

except the right to vote


(3) Petition for inclusion or exclusion of voters




29

(4) Prosecute election law violators


EO 134, sec. 11, Feb. 27, 1987

De Jesus v. People, 120 SCRA 760 (1983)Baytan v. Comelec G.R. No. 153945 Feb 4, 2003

(5) Recommend pardon, parole or suspension of sentence ofelection law violators

Art. IX, C, sec. 5

(6) Deputize law enforcement agents and recommend theirremoval

Art. IX, C, sec. 2(4)Id., sec. 2(8)

(7) REGISTRATION of political parties, organizations andcoalitions and ACCREDITATION of citizens’ arms


Registration under the party-list system

Art. IX, C, sec. 6Id., sec. 7Id., sec. 8Art. VI, sec. 5(2)Art. XVIII, sec. 7

(8) Regulation of public utilities and media of information

Art. IX, C, sec. 4Id., sec. 9

UNIDO v. COMELEC, 104 SCRA 17 (1981)

(9) Decide election contests and cases

Art. IX, C, sec. 2(2)Id., sec. 3

Javier v. COMELEC, 144 SCRA 194 (1986)

h. Rule-making

Art. IX, A, sec. 6

i. Other functions



30

Art. IX, A, sec. 8

j. Act as National Board of Canvassers for Senators

EO 144, sec. 1, March 2, 1987

k. Review of COMELEC decisions, orders and resolutions

Art. IX, A, sec. 7

l. Fiscal Autonomy

Art. IX, A, sec. 5

3. Commission on Audit

a. Composition and qualifications

Art. IX, D, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2

b. Appointment and term of Commissioners

Art. IX, D, sec. 1(2)

c. Appointment of COA personnel

Art. IX, A, sec. 4

d. Salary



Art. IX, A, sec. 2

f. Impeachment

Art. XI, sec. 2

g. Powers and functions

Art. IX, D, sec. 2

Id., sec. 3Art. VI, sec. 20

DBP v. COA G.R. No. 88435 January 16, 2002

h. Rulemaking



31

Art. IX, A, sec. 6

i. Other functions

Art. IX, A, sec. 8

j. Review of decisions of the COA

Art. IX, A, sec. 7

k. Fiscal autonomy

Art. IX, A, sec. 5

E. Sandiganbayan

Art. XI, sec. 4PD 1606, Dec. 10, 1979RA No. 8249

F. Office of the Ombudsman

See also PD 1630, July 18, 1979Republic Act No. 6770 Nov 17, 1989

1. Composition

Art. XI, sec. 5

2. Qualifications

Art. XI, sec. 8

3. Appointment and term

Art. XI, secs. 9 and 11

4. Rank and salary

Art. XI, sec. 10

5. Disqualifications

Art. XI, sec. 8Art. IX, A, sec. 2

6. Jurisdiction

Art. XI, sec. 12PCGG v. Desierto G.R. No. 140232 Jan 19, 2001People v. Velez G.R. No. 138093 Feb 10, 2003

7. Powers and functions



32

Art. XI, sec. 138. Fiscal autonomy

Art. XI, sec. 14

9. Appointment of personnel

Art. XI, sec. 6

G. Office of the Special Prosecutor

Art. XI, sec. 7

H. Central Monetary Authority

1. Composition and qualifications

Art. XII, sec. 20

2. Functions

Art. XII, secs. 20-21

I. Economic and Planning Agency

Art. XII, secs. 9-10

J. National Commissions

1. Commission on Human Rights

a. Composition and qualifications

Art. XIII, sec. 17

b. Powers and functions

Art. XIII, secs. 18-19

c. Fiscal autonomy

Art. XIII, sec. 17(4)

2. National Language Commission

Art. XIV, sec. 9

3. National Police Commission

Art. XVI, sec. 6Canonizado v. Aguirre G.R. No. 133132 January 25, 2000



4. Commission on Indigenous Cultural CommunitiesArt. XVI sec 12