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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO75-2:2004IncorporatingCorrigendum No. 1

Plastics Determination of

temperature of

deflection under load

Part 2: Plastics and ebonite

This European Standard EN ISO 75-2:2004 has the status of aBritish Standard

ICS 83.080.01; 83.060py

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BS EN ISO 75-2:2004

This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committee on

28 May 2004

BSI2006

ISBN 0 580 43822 8

National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version ofEN ISO 75-2:2004, including Corrigendum April 2006. It is identical withISO 75-2:2004. It supersedes BS EN ISO 75-2:1996 which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePRI/21, Plastics test methods, which has the responsibility to:

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or Europeanpublications referred to in this document may be found in theBSI Catalogueunder the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, orby using the Search facility of theBSI Electronic Catalogueor of BritishStandards Online.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunityfrom legal obligations.

aid enquirers to understand the text;

present to the responsible international/European committee anyenquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep theUK interests informed;

monitor related international and European developments andpromulgate them in the UK.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO titlepage, EN ISO foreword page, ISO title page, pages ii and v, a blank page,

pages 1 to 10, the inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when thedocument was last issued.

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

16416Corrigendum No. 1

August2006 Correction to title

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPENNE

EUROPISCHE NORM

EN ISO 75-2

May 2004

ICS 83.080.01;83.060 Supersedes EN ISO 75-2:1996 Incorporating Corrigendum April 2006

English version

Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load- Part 2: Plastics and ebonite (ISO 75-2:2004)

Plastiques - Dtermination de la temprature deflchissement sous charge - Partie 2: Plastiques et

bonite (ISO 75-2:2004)

Kunststoffe - Bestimmung derWrmeformbestndigkeitstemperatur - Teil 2: Kunststoffe

und Hartgummi (ISO 75-2:2004)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 June 2003.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Management Centre: rue de stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMA LISATION

EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG

Ref. No. EN ISO 75-2:2004: E

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Foreword

This document (EN ISO 75-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61"Plastics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat ofwhich is held by IBN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication ofan identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2004, and conflicting nationalstandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2004.

This document supersedes EN ISO 75-2:1996.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations ofthe following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,

Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 75-2:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 75-2:2004 without anymodifications.

EN ISO 752:2004

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Reference numberISO 75-2:2004(E)

INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

ISO75-2

Second edition2004-05-15

Plastics Determination of temperature ofdeflection under load

Part 2:Plastics and ebonite

Plastiques Dtermination de la temprature de flchissement souscharge

Partie 2: Plastiques et bonite

EN ISO 752:2004

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ii

EN ISO 752:2004

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iii

Contents Page

Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................... iv

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. v

1 Scope.............................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references.................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Principle ......................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Apparatus....................................................................................................................................................... 2

6 Test specimens ............................................................................................................................................. 2

7 Conditioning .................................................................................................................................................. 3

8 Procedure (flatwise testing) ......................................................................................................................... 3

9 Expression of results.................................................................................................................................... 4

10 Precision ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

11 Test report...................................................................................................................................................... 5

Annex A (normative) Testing in the edgewise position.......................................................................................... 6

Annex B (informative) Precision ............................................................................................................................... 8

Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................. 10

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iv

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adoptedby the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International

Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 75-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2, Mechanical properties.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 75-2:1993), which has been technically revised.

ISO 75 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics Determination of temperature of deflectionunder load:

Part 1: General test method

Part 2: Plastics and ebonite

Part 3: High-strength thermosetting laminates and long-fibre-reinforced plastics

Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 75. Annex B is for information only.

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v

Introduction

ISO 75-1:1993 and ISO 75-2:1993 described three methods (A, B and C) using different test loads and twospecimen positions, edgewise and flatwise. For testing in the flatwise position, test specimens with dimensions80 mm 10 mm 4 mm were required. These can be moulded directly or machined from the central section of themultipurpose test specimen (see ISO 3167). These ISO bars cannot be easily used in the edgewise position,because this would require both a reduction in span and an increase in test load by the same factor, and this maybe impossible to achieve on existing instruments for edgewise testing. Specimens for testing in the edgewiseposition are less closely specified. Using the 80 mm 10 mm 4 mm ISO bar has the following advantages:

Thermal expansion of the test specimen has less influence on the test result.

Draft angles do not influence the test result. The specimen does not stand on edge.

The moulding parameters and the specimen dimensions are specified more closely.

This increases the comparability of the test results. Therefore, it was decided that the possibility of testing in theedgewise position would be deleted from the standard. In order to provide a sufficient transition period, in thisedition the flatwise position is described as the preferred and recommended one, while testing in the edgewiseposition is optional and has been moved to a normative annex (in this part of ISO 75). This annex and all otherreferences to edgewise testing will be deleted on occasion of the next revision of this document.

Earlier editions of this International Standard allowed methods other than using a heating bath for heating the testspecimen, namely forced-circulation ovens or fluidized beds. None of these alternative methods is widely used andno proven instruments are commercially available. Furthermore, there is no general comparability between testsusing different heating methods due to the differences in the heat transfer characteristics and the temperaturecontrol methods described in this standard.

Therefore only heating in heating baths is allowed in this edition.

In order to maintain consistency with ISO 10350-1:1998, Tf has been used as the symbol for temperature ofdeflection under load.

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1

Plastics Determination of temperature of deflection underload

Part 2:Plastics and ebonite

1 Scope

This part of ISO 75 specifies three methods, using different values of constant flexural stress, that can be used forthe determination of the temperature of deflection under load of plastics (including filled plastics and fibre-reinforced plastics in which the fibre length, prior to processing, is up to 7,5 mm) and ebonite:

method A, using a flexural stress of 1,80 MPa;

method B, using a flexural stress of 0,45 MPa;

method C, using a flexural stress of 8,00 MPa.

The standard deflection sused to determine the temperature of deflection under load corresponds to a flexural-strain increase fdefined in this part of ISO 75. The initial flexural strain due to the loading of the specimen at

room temperature is neither specified nor measured in this part of ISO 75. The ratio of this flexural-strain differenceto the initial flexural strain depends on the modulus of elasticity, at room temperature, of the material under test.This method is therefore only suitable for comparing the temperatures of deflection of materials with similar room-temperature elastic properties.

NOTE The methods give better reproducibility with amorphous plastics than with semi-crystalline ones. With somematerials, it may be necessary to anneal the test specimens to obtain reliable results. Annealing procedures, if used, generallyresult in an increase in the temperature of deflection under load (see 6.6).

For additional information, see ISO 75-1:2004, clause 1.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.

ISO 75-1:2004, Plastics Determination of temperature of deflection under load Part 1: General test method

ISO 293, Plastics Compression moulding test specimens of thermoplastic materials

ISO 294-1, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles,and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens

ISO 2818, Plastics Preparation of test specimens by machining

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2

ISO 3167, Plastics Multipurpose test specimens

ISO 10724-1, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds(PMCs) Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimens

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 75-1 apply.

NOTE Depending on the selected value of the flexural stress (see clause 1), the temperature of deflection under load (seedefinition 3.7 in ISO 75-1:2004) is designated as Tfx 0,45, Tfx 1,8 or Tfx 8,0 (where x = f for flatwise testing and x = e foredgewise testing).

4 Principle

See ISO 75-1:2004, clause 4.

5 Apparatus

5.1 Means of producing a flexural stress

See ISO 75-1:2004, subclause 5.1.

The span (distance between the lines of contact between specimen and supports) shall be (64 1) mm for testingin the preferred (flatwise) position. See annex A for testing in the edgewise position.

5.2 Heating equipment


5.3 Weights


5.4 Temperature-measuring instrument


5.5 Deflection-measuring instrument


6 Test specimens

6.1 General


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6.2 Shape and dimensions


The preferred test-specimen dimensions are:

length l: (80 2,0) mm;

width b: (10 0,2) mm;

thickness h: (4 0,2) mm.

See annex A for dimensions of test specimens for edgewise testing.

6.3 Specimen inspection


6.4 Number of test specimens


6.5 Test-specimen preparation

Test specimens shall be produced in accordance with ISO 293 (and ISO 2818, if applicable), or in accordance withISO 294-1 or ISO 10724-1, or as agreed by the interested parties. The test results obtained on moulded testspecimens depend on the moulding conditions used in their preparation. The moulding conditions shall be inaccordance with the standard for the material concerned, or as agreed by the interested parties.

In the case of compression-moulded specimens, the thickness shall be in the direction of the moulding force. Formaterials in sheet form, the thickness of the test specimens (this dimension is usually the thickness of the sheet)shall be in the range 3 mm to 13 mm, preferably between 4 mm and 6 mm.

The specimen can be taken from the narrow central part of the multipurpose test specimen specified in ISO 3167.

6.6 Annealing

Discrepancies in test results due to variations in moulding conditions can be minimized by annealing the testspecimens before testing them. Since different materials require different annealing conditions, annealingprocedures shall be employed only if required by the materials standard or if agreed upon by the interested parties.

7 Conditioning


8 Procedure (flatwise testing)

8.1 Calculation of force to be applied


The flexural stress produced shall be one of the following:

1,80 MPa (preferred value), in which case the method is designated method A;

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4

0,45 MPa, in which case the method is designated method B;

8,00 MPa, in which case the method is designated method C.

8.2 Initial temperature of the heating equipment


8.3 Measurement


Apply the force required to produce one of the flexural stresses specified in 8.1 of this part of ISO 75.

Calculate the standard deflection sby means of equation (5) in ISO 75-1:2004, using a value of 0,2 % for theflexural-strain increase f.

Record the temperature at which the initial deflection of the bar has increased by the standard deflection. Thistemperature is the temperature of deflection under load. If the individual results for amorphous plastics or ebonitediffer by more than 2 C, or those for semi-crystalline materials by more than 5 C, repeat tests shall be carried out.

NOTE 1 Table 1 gives examples of standard deflections for the preferred dimensions of test specimens tested in the flatwiseposition. See annex A for testing in the edgewise position.

Table 1 Standard deflections for different test-specimen heights for a 80 mm 10 mm 4 mm specimentested in the flatwise position

Test-specimen height(thickness hof specimen)

mm

Standard deflection

mm

3,8

3,9

4,0

4,1

4,2

0,36

0,35

0,34

0,33

0,32

NOTE 2 The thicknesses in Table 1 reflect the acceptable variation in the test-specimen dimensions (see 6.2).

9 Expression of results


10 Precision

See Annex B.

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5

11 Test report


The test report shall also include the following additional information:

l) the value of the standard deflection used.

In item i) of the test report, indicate the flexural stress used by means of the following designation system:

for flatwise testing: Tff0,45 for method B, Tff1,8 for method A or Tff8,0 for method C;

for edgewise testing: Tfe 0,45 for method B, Tfe 1,8 for method A or Tfe 8,0 for method C.

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6

Annex A(normative)

Testing in the edgewise position

A.1 General

Carrying out the test in the flatwise position with the smaller (80 mm 10 mm 4 mm) specimen is preferred totesting in the edgewise position because it gives a number of advantages which increase the comparability of thetest results (see the Introduction).

A.2 Span between supports

The spanLshall be (100 1) mm.

A.3 Dimensions of test specimens

The dimensions of the test specimens shall be:

length l: (120 10) mm;

width b: 9,8 mm to 15 mm;

thickness h: 3,0 mm to 4,2 mm.

A.4 Calculation of force to be applied

See ISO 75-1:2004, subclause 8.1, equation (2).

The flexural stress produced shall be one of the following:

1,80 MPa (preferred value), in which case the method is designated method A;

0,45 MPa, in which case the method is designated method B;

8,00 MPa, in which case the method is designated method C.

A.5 Initial temperature of the heating equipment


A.6 Measurement


Apply the force required to produce one of the flexural stresses specified in clause A.4.

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Calculate the standard deflection sby means of equation (6) in ISO 75-1:2004, using a value of 0,2 % for theflexural-strain increase f. Examples of standard deflections are given in Table A.1.

Note the temperature at which the initial deflection of the bar has increased by the standard deflection given inTable A.1. This temperature is the temperature of deflection under load. If the individual results for amorphous

plastics or ebonite differ by more than 2 C, or those for semi-crystalline materials by more than 5 C, repeat testsshall be carried out.

Table A.1 Standard deflection for different test-specimen heights for a 120 mm (3,0 to 4,2) mm (9,8 to15,0) mm specimen tested in the edgewise position

Test-specimen height(width bof specimen)

mm

Standarddeflection

mm

9,8 to 9,9

10,0 to 10,3

10,4 to 10,6

10,7 to 10,9

11,0 to 11,4

11,5 to 11,9

12,0 to 12,3

12,4 to 12,7

12,8 to 13,2

13,3 to 13,7

13,8 to 14,1

14,2 to 14,6

14,7 to 15,0

0,33

0,32

0,31

0,30

0,29

0,28

0,27

0,26

0,25

0,24

0,23

0,22

0,21

A.7 Expression of results


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Annex B(informative)

Precision

B.1 General

A round robin involving eight materials and ten laboratories was conducted in 1996 in accordance withASTM E 691 to determine the precision of the method specified in this part of ISO 75.

B.2 Test materials

Designation No.of material

Type of material

1 PP 1

2 PP 2

3 ABS

4 POM 1

5 PBT

6 PET

7 POM 2

8 Composite

B.3 Summary of results

Eight materials were tested by ten laboratories. All test specimens were injection moulded by one laboratory. Eachmaterial was tested twice. PP 1 and PP 2 were tested at 0,45 MPa stress loading and the rest at 1,8 MPa stressloading, with the specimen in the flatwise position.

Not every laboratory tested every material. Only four laboratories tested material 8 and the data was therefore notincluded in the statistical calculation. Data from Lab 7 was significantly lower than data from the others and Lab 10tested materials only once. Data from these two laboratories were therefore also excluded from the calculation.

Due to the limitations of the ASTM E 691 software, three separate precision statements were established. Theresults were combined and reported as one as shown in Table B.1.

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Table B.1 Precision data

Material Number oflabs

Loading Averageresult

sr s

R r R

MPa C C C C C

PP 1 7 0,45 81,9 0,9 2,4 2,5 6,9

PP 2 7 0,45 115,2 1,0 3,4 2,9 9,7

ABS 8 1,8 79,3 0,3 0,7 0,9 2,0

POM 1 8 1,8 91,1 0,8 2,1 2,1 5,8

PBT 8 1,8 49,7 0,4 0,4 1,0 1,0

PET 8 1,8 65,4 0,1 1,0 0,4 2,8

POM 2 6 1,8 160,5 0,9 1,0 2,5 2,7

sr

is the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.

sRis the between-laboratories standard deviation of the average.

ris the repeatability limit (= 2,83 sr).

R is the reproducibility limit (= 2,83 sR

).

B.4 Precision statement

The data in Table B.1 should not be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection of material, as those data arespecific to the round robin and may not be representative of other lots, conditions, materials or laboratories. Usersof this test method should apply the principles of ASTM E 691 to generate data specific to their laboratory andmaterials, or between specific laboratories. The following principles would then be valid for such data.

Concept of repeatability rand reproducibilityR. IfsrandsRhave been calculated from a large enough body of data,then test results can be judged as follows:

Repeatability r:Two test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the rvalue for thematerial.

Reproducibility R:Two test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the Rvalue forthe material.

Any judgment made in accordance with randRwould have an approximately 95 % probability of being correct.

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Bibliography

[1] ISO 10350-1:1998, Plastics Acquisition and presentation of comparable single-point data Part 1:Moulding materials

[2] ASTM E 691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of aTest Method

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BS EN ISO75-2:2004

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