apuntes de inglÉs ii

7/28/2019 APUNTES DE INGLS II

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OBJETIVOS GENERALES DE LA ASIGNATURA

AL FINALIZAR ESTE SEMESTRE EL ALUMNO:

ADQUIRIR UN VOCABULARIO Y ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES TANTO DEL

TIEMPO SIMPLE COMO DE ALGUNOS TIEMPOS COMPUESTOS

USAR CORRECTAMENTE EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA LOS TIEMPOS PASADO

SIMPLE Y LOS PASADOS Y PRESENTES EN SU MODALIDAD DE PROGRESIVOS

CON LOS CONOCIMIENTOS PREVIOS Y LOS NUEVOS QUE ADQUIRIR, ESTAR EN

POSIBILIDADES DE REALIZAR TRADUCCIONES DE TEXTOS COTIDIANOS

UNIDAD I

PRESENT CONTINOUS

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

PAST TENSE OF BE

AUXILIARY COULD

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

UNIDAD II

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

COUNT AND NON COUNT NOUNS

SOME AND ANY

HOW MUCH / HOW MANY

A LOT OF

TERCERA UNIDAD

OBJECT PRONOUNS

IRREGULAR NOUNS

USED TO


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1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Subject be Base verb + ing Examples

I am working Im working in this factory.

You are buying Youre buying a new hat.

He, She, It is playing Hes/ shes/ its playing soccerWe are eating We re eating hamburger

They are building Theyre building that house

For most verbs, adding to the base: eating, studying.

For one-syllable verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final consonant

And adding: shopping, planning.

For verbs ending in consonant + e, drop the e and add

ing: Taking. You can make a contraction with the subject and a form ofbe.

Im wearing new shoes. Hes studying math. Were cleaning the classroom

A Fill in the missing part of each sentence.

EXAMPLES: It s raining today.

I am going to the mall.

1. You _____ going to the mall with me.2. Mary isnt work _____ today.

3. She _____ cooking in this moment.

4. Im wear_____ my raincoat.

5. We _____ drinking water.

6. Frank and John _______ shopping today.

7. She ________ read____ the newspaper.

8. They _______ dance______ in the party.

9. Peter Pan ______ (neg.) flying.

10. The teachers _______talk_____ with the parents.


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B Use the words to write a sentence in the present continuous

EXAMPLE: many people / shop / today Many people are shopping today

1. Luis / look / for new summer clothes ________________________________

2. I / sandals / buy _________________________________

3. Three men / sit / on a bench _________________________________

4. We / eat / at the mall today __________________________________

5. We / take / the bus home __________________________________

6. The children / talk / to their friends ___________________________________

Negative form with present continuous

Subject be + not Base verb + ing Examples

I am not reading Im not reading a book

You are not studying You arent studying English

He, she, it is not living She isnt living in Guadalajara

He isnt living in this home

We are not cutting We arent cutting the grass

They are not fixing They arent fixing their car

A Make negative sentences with present continuous. Use contractions.

EXAMPLE: Mario is reading the book Mario isnt reading the book

1. My friends are not playing basket ball ________________________________

2. I am not working in this factory _________________________________

3. We are not studying in this school __________________________________

4. The dog is not playing with the ball __________________________________

5. It is not working very well __________________________________

Wh questions with present continuous


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Wh words be Subject Base verb + ing Examples

Who am I taking Who am I taking to the mall?

Where are you living Where are you living now?

What is he, she, it wearing What is he, she, it wearing?

When are we buying When are we buying new clothes?

Why are they shopping Why are they shopping today?

A Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it

EXAMPLES: Why are she buying a new dress? Is____

What are you look for? Looking_

1. Where is we going today? _____________

2. Who is your sister go to the mall with? __________

3. Why are he using a coupon? _____________

4. Why is you reading the letter? ____________

5. What are you wear with your new skirt? ______________

6. How much is I saving? _____________

B Unscramble the words to form questions

Example: today / is / today / Laura / where / going Where is going Laura today?

1. Going / is / she / how / today to the mall _________________________________

2. The children / wearing / are / what __________________________________

3. With you / taking / who / are / you _____________________________________

4. Why wearing Franco isnt sandals ______________________________________

5. Reading / you / are / what _____________________________________

SHORT ANSWERS WITH PRESENT CONTINUOUS


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Example: Are your sons working with you in this store? Yes, they are working.

1. Is he saving 10 dollars with the coupon? (no) ____________________________

2. Are the students studying the chapter one? (yes) _________________________

3. Am I playing soccer with you this Friday?(no) ____________________________

4. Is my mom writing that letter? (yes) ____________________________________

5. Is your brother painting his room? (yes) _________________________________

2. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

A. 1. Notice the position of words like always and compare their meanings

SINGLE WORD

ADVERB OF MAIN

FREQUENCY VERB

John

Mary

Bob

Bill

Alice

Tom

always

usually

often

sometimes

seldom

never

studies

studies

studies

studies

studies

studies

at night

at night

at night

at night

at night

at night

Always --------------- 100% --------------- all of the time

Usually --------------- 75% --------------- most of the time

Often --------------- 50% -------------- much of the time

Sometimes ------------- 25% --------------- some of the timeSeldom -------------- 10% --------------- almost never

Never -------------- 0% --------------- not at any time


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COMMENTS

Adverbs like always (single-word adverbs of frequency) come before the main

verb of a sentences. (See section B. 2 for sentences with it)

NOTE: Some of these adverbs are also used in other position as in the sentence

Sometime / study at night

Exercise 1. Substitute a word like always for the multi-word adverbials of frequency

Mary drinks milk all of the time MARY ALWAYS DRINKS MILK

John drinks milk most of the time JOHN USUALLY DRINKS MILK

1. John drinks coffee some of the time ____________________________________

2. He almost never drinks tea _____________________________________

3. Mr Smith almost never drinks coffee _____________________________________

4. Mrs. Smith drinks coffee much of the time _____________________________________

5. She drinks water most of the time _____________________________________

6. Mr. Miller has coffee at 10 A. M. all of the time __________________________________

7. She has lunch in the morning most of the time __________________________________8. John eats in restaurants all the time _____________________________________

9. She eats at home most of the time _____________________________________

10. We read in the school all the time. ___________________________________.


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Compare the position of always

Previous pattern:

MAIN VERB

John always studies at night

New pattern: BE

COMMENT

Adverbs like always (single-word adverbs of frequency) come after forms of be (am, is, are)

Exercise 2. Substitute a word like always for the multi-word adverbials of frequency

John is busy all of the time JOHN IS ALWAYS BUSY

Mr. Alien is busy most of the time MR. ANDERSON IS USUALLY BUSY

1. Mrs. Taylor is busy much of the time ___________________________________________

2. She is tired some of the time __________________________________________________

3. Mr. Wilson is almost never tired ________________________________________________

4. Mr. Miller is thirsty most of the time _____________________________________________

5. He is hungry some of the time _________________________________________________

6. John is hungry much of the time _______________________________________________

7. He is almost never in the room ________________________________________________

8. Mr. Taylor is at home some of the time __________________________________________

9. He is almost never wrong _____________________________________________________

10. They are almost never sad ___________________________________________________

Mary Is always busy


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PRESENT TENSE TO BE

Letsremember the present tense of to be = (am, is, are)

Ex: Affirmative: I am a doctor. My brother is in the garage. They are my brothers. We are good

friends.

Negative: She isnt a nurse. My parents are sick. Im not student. We arent brothers.

Question: Are you in this school? Is the baby in the living room? Am I a teacher?

SHORT ANSWER

Are you classmates? R= No, we arent. Yes, we are.

Is Mrs. Wilson your mom? No, she isnt. Yes, she is.

Are you a good student? No, I am not. Yes, I am.

We He

Are You Is She Am I

They It

3. PAST TENSE TO BE

Now the past tense of tobe is going to have only two ways in its structure. Was to singular and

were to plural forms.

I You

Was He Were We

She They

It

Affirmative

Lets see: Mr. Anderson was my boss last year.My classmates were a little nervous in their test.

The kids were the first in the race.

I was with my cousins in the park by the morning.


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Negative

They werent in the party last Sunday.

Mr. Wilson wasnt my teacher last semester.

He wasnt in this group last semester.

Question SHORT ANWERS

Were you in Ixtapa last vacation? Yes, I was. No, I wasnt.

Was Salvador Cabaas a good soccer player? Yes, he was. No, he wasnt.

Was she here a few minutes ago? Yes, she was. No, she wasnt.

A MAKE AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES WITH PAST

TENSE OF BE

EXAMPLE: I WAS A LITTLE NERVOUS IN MY TEST THEY WERE MY FRIENDS

1. The kids ________ all afternoon with us.

2. Frank ________ our classmate last semester.

3. Doctors __________ in a meeting five minutes ago. (Negative)

4. She _________ tired when the race finished. (Negative)

5. _______ you in the hospital?

6. _______ your dad a good student when he was in the school?

B Use the words to write the past tense of Be

EXAMPLE: Yesterday I / be / tired during the day Yesterday I was tired during the day

1. You / be / sick last week ___________________________________

2. This morning John / be / nervous ___________________________________

3. Mr. Wilson / be / in the hospital in June__________________________________

4. We / be / very healthy ___________________________________

5. Be / the children / very / in the party / happy _______________________________


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4. COULD

This word can be a verb and auxiliary too. If this word is a verb, it would be the past tense of

Can. But if this word is auxiliary, it has a different meaning.

I couldnt go at school last Monday because I didnt feel very well. I had a headache.

N.B. You cant say I did could The correct form is I couldntCOULD = Auxiliary

We could help you with your homework; however, we are too busy.

If you bring the painting today I could begin to paint the kitchen this morning.

We could give you a candy if you finish your homework on time.

Could is very common used at the beginning of a question for requests.

Look at examples:

A: Could you tell me the time? A: Could you show me a suit?

B: Yes, of course. Its two oclock. B: Sure. How about this?

A: Could I have some cookies? A: Could I have a bag of chips?

B: Yes, here you are. B: Sure, no problem.

A: Could you help me with my report? A: Could you lend some money?

B: Im sorry. I have to leave right now. B: Oh, sorry. Thats all I have.

ORAL PRACTICE: Use Could

What could you do when you were a child that you cant do now?

What did you want to do yesterday or last week but you couldnt do it? Why couldnt do it?

A Make the following request using the words given.

A) Soda / traer B) Cookies / tomar C) Dinero / prestar D) Tarea / ayudar


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UNIT TWO

1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Present tense

Past tense Future Tense

EXPRESSING PAST TIME: The simple past

E.g. Mary walked downtown yesterday

I slept for eight hours last night

Bob stayed home yesterday morning Our plane arrived on time

I ate breakfast this morning

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

Work worked Worked

Dance danced Danced

Play played played

Study studied studied

Stop stopped Stopped

Begin began Begun

Cut cut Cut

Eat ate eaten


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SIMPLE PAST TENSE (REGULAR VERBS)

The past tense form of regular verbs is the same for all persons

For most verbs ending in a consonant, added: worked

If the base ends in a vowel, addd: lived

If the base ends in a vowel + y, do not change the y: stayed

For a one-syllable verb ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final

consonant and added: stop = stopped

HOW TO USE YOUR DICCTIONARY

N.B. How do you know if a verb in my class is regular or irregular verb?

There are three forms (affirmative, negative and question statements)

AFFIRMATIVE

My brothers knew my new friends.

We painted our classroom last week.

George gave me this watch.

SUBJ. + VERB IN PAST TENSE + COMPLEMENT

(Noun/pron) (Regular or irregular verbs)

PRACTICE: SS will check your list of the verbs and make different kind of sentences using

them. For example: Yesterday I watched a war movie. What about you? Then each S sayssome sentences in past tense and when he/she finishes, ask to another classmate the same

question What about you?


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NEGATIVE FORM

We use did to make negative sentences. This word is called auxiliary; however, it

sometimes is a verb.

SUBJ + AUX. + NOT + VERB IN PRESENT + COMPLEMENT

Did not = didnt

E.g.

I did my homework with my friend John.

They didnt bring their homework.

She didnt finish to study the chapter one.

Mr. Wilson didnt buy notebooks, he bought some pencils.

Our classmates didnt come at school last Friday.

Ask the student make different negative sentences using their list of the verbs. (Oral

practice)

QUESTION

Did you live in Queretaro city last year?

Did Peter bring the homework?

Question words AUX + SUBJ + VERB IN PRESENT + COMPLEMENT?

E.G

Where did you put the keys?

When did the letters arrive?

Why did he break the window?

What did Mary do yesterday by the afternoon?


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ORAL PRACTICE

Teacher asks some questions so they have to answer them using the past tense or can make a

question, too.

A COMPLETE EACH SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB IN

PARENTHESES

EXAMPLE: Last week, Alex exercised every day. (exercised)

1. (Jugar) He also _________________ tennis on Saturday.

2. (cocinar) My mom _________________ all week.

3. (necesitar) We __________________ to get the homework yesterday.

4. (solicitor, pedir) The children ________________ to go to the cinema with their friends.

5. (permanecer) They _______________ here until 5:00.

6. (visitar) I __________________ many interesting places last year

Simple past tense of irregular verbs

An irregular verb can change in all its forms, in one alone or in no one.

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING

SIT SAT SAT

BREAK BROKE BROKEN

DRINK DRANK DRUNK

HURT HURT HURT

PUT PUT PUT


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B COMPLETE EACH SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB

IN PARENTHESES

EXAMPLE: (break) I broke my arm last Saturday.

1. (Traer) My parents ________________ us many gifts.

2. (Construir) They _________________ these houses.

3. (Barrer) My sister _______________ the kitchen five minutes ago.

4. (Enviar) Mss Wilson _________________ the invitations two days ago.

5. (Costar) The TV _________________ 400 dollars.

6. (Comer) The children ______________ pizza.

7. (Olvidar) We _________________ the keys.

8. (Dibujar) I ________________ a horse.

9. (Venir) Mr and Mrs Garcia _______________ a trip to Hawaii.

10. (Perder) She _______________ her cell phone yesterday.

11. (Volar) The doves ______________ toward north.

12. (Hacer) I ____________ the homework last night.

13. (Leer) My dad ______________ the report.

2. COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS

A) COUNT NOUNS: are nouns that can be counted. They have a singular and

plural form. A restaurant, two restaurants; one orange, six oranges, one

pancake, three pancakes.

B) NON-COUNTS NOUNS: cannot be counted. They only have a singular form.

They are nouns from one of the following groups.


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Nouns with no individual/single parts: milk, soup, meat, butter, jelly, etc..

Nouns with parts that are too small to count: rice, sugar, corn, flour, etc

Nouns that mean a group of things: food, money, clothing, etc

Nouns that are ideas: nutrition, health, time, work, education, etc

COUNT Chairs They have a plural form: s or es

NOUN Two chairs

Three chairs

Some chairs

Several chairs

A lot of chairs

Many chairs

A few chairs

NONCOUNT Fruit

Milk

They dont have a plural form


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SOME COMMON NONCOUNT NOUNS

WHOLE GROUPS MADE UP OF INDIVIDUAL PARTS

A. Clothing B. Homework F. Grammar

Equipment Housework Slang

Food Work Vocabulary

Fruit

Furniture C. Advice G. Corn, Pepper

Garbage Information Sand, Rice

Hardware Dirty Salt

Jewelry D. History Sugar

Machinery Literature Dust

Mail Music Water

Money Poetry Flour

Cash Grass

Change Hair

Postage E. English, Arabic, Chinese etc

Scenery (names of languages)

Stuff

Traffic


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EXERCISE

A. Label each word as count or noun count

Example: Water: non-count

1. Vegetable:_____________________ 7. Sugar: _______________________

2. Spaghetti: _____________________ 8. Cookies: ______________________

3. Onion: ________________________ 9. Water: ________________________

4. Jars: _________________________ 10. Apple: ________________________

5. Beef: _________________________ 11. Potatoes: _____________________

6. Donut: ________________________ 12. Drinks: _______________________

B. Circle the correct form of the underline word.

EXAMPLE: Bread is made from flour / flours.

1. I need to buy three pizza / pizzas.

2. Do you want water / waters with your meal?

3. Paty is making soup / soups.

4. You are making sandwich / sandwinches for 20 people.

5. Silvia always eats tomato / tomatoes with her dinner.

6. Ill have two baked potato / potatoes, please

COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS WITH UNITS OF MEASURE

Container Measurement unit

Carton(s) of ice cream

Bottle(s) of oil

Jar(s) of pickles

Box(es) of ceral

Bag(s) of flour

Can(s) of soup

Quarts(s)of orange juice

Gallon(s) of milk

Pound(s) of ham

Loaf (loaves) of bread

Piece(s) of cake


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A. Circle the letter of the most appropriate container, measurement, or unit.

Example: Rosa is buying a ____ of rice. a. gallon b. pound

1. I need two ____ of bread. a. loaves b quarts

2. They have many ____ of cereal in this aisle. a. bottles b cans

3. Shes buying four _____ of soup. a. bottles b. cans b bottles

4. Mary needs a ____ of ground beef. a. pound b box

5. Mario is buying a _____ vanilla ice cream. a. loaf b carton

6. We are buying one ____ of flour. a. bag b cans

B Complete the shopping list with an appropriate container, measurement, or unit.

Shopping List

Five pounds of potatoes.

One ___________________ of jelly.

Two ___________________ of bread

One ___________________ of orange juice

A _____________________ of vanilla ice cream

Three __________________ of ground beef

Two ___________________ of sugar


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3. HOW MUCH HOW MANY

How much and How Many are used for questions referring to quantities. How Much is

used before uncount nouns; How many is used before count nouns. When we ask for

prices, we use How Much with the verb Be.

EXERCISE

1. How much milk is there?

A) Milk E) Rice

B) Money F) Beer

C) Cake G) Juice

D) Fruit


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2. Look at the pictures and answer the questions

a. How much milk is there in the carton? __________________________________

b. How much money is there in the wallet? ________________________________

c. How much cake is there? ____________________________________________

d. How much fruit is there in the bowl? ____________________________________

e. How much rice is there in the sack? __________________________________

f. How much beer is there in the bottle? __________________________________

g. How much orange juice is there in the glass? ____________________________

3. How many oranges do you want?

Sara is at the grocery store. Shes buying some things for a picnic.

Read and practice the dialogue

Sara: Excuse me

Clerk: Yes, may I help you?

Sara: Yes, I want a quarter of orange juice, please.

Clerk: Here you are. Anything else?

Sara: Yes, give me some cheese, please.

Clerk: How much do you need?

Sara: Half a pound. And can I have some oranges, please?

Clerk: How many do you want?

Sara: A dozen please.

Read each question using: how much or how many

1. ______________________ meals do you have every day? I have three meals.

2. ______________________ milk do you drink every day? I drink two glasses.


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3. ______________________ coffee do Americans drink? They drink a lot of coffee.

4. ______________________ hours does he work every day? He works 8 hours every day.

5. _____________________ paper is there on the teachers desk? There is a little paper.

6. _____________________ cars do the Tailors have? They have two cars.

7. _____________________ hamburgers can you eat? I can eat four.

8. _____________________ flour do you need to make a cake? I need one pound.

4. SOME / ANY

Some / any

COUNT (PLURAL) NON- COUNT

Affirmative I eat some vegetables every day. I often eat some rice for dinner

Negative I dont eat any cookies. I dont eat any rice.

Question Do you have any cookies? Do you have any rice?

Dou you want some cookies? Do you want some rice?

N.B. In questions that are offers, use some

EXERCISE

A. Complete the sentences with some or any

EXAMPLE: I want some soup for dinner.

1. My sister wants _____________ potatoes.

2. He doesnt have _____________ beef today

3. Does she eat _____________ sweets?

4. Do you want ____________ coffee?


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5. We need _______________ apples.

6. We dont eat ______________ pizza.

B. Circle the correct sentences.

EXAMPLE: Silvia needs any bread from the supermarket. Silvia needs some bred from the supermarket.

1. She needs some green beans, too. / She needs any green beans, too.

2. She doesnt need some carrots. / She doesnt need any carrots.

3. Mario wants any rice. / Mario wants some rice.

4. He didnt buy any onions. / He didnt buy some onions.

5. They need some fish for the restaurant. / They need any fish for the restaurant.

6. Do you wish some ice cream now? / Do you wish any ice cream now?

READ AND PRACTICE

John: Excuse me, Miss. I`m your new neighbor

I just moved in. My name is Peter.

Woman: Oh yes.

John: Say, are there any grocery stores around here?

Woman: Yes, there are some on the next block.

John: Ok. And is there a bank near here?Woman: Well, I think there is one across from the shopping center.

John: Thanks. Lady


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4. A LOT OF

A lot ofis used with plural count nouns and non-counts nouns, especially in affirmative statements

A Answer the following questions using a lot of

Does she buy much meat? Yes, she buys a lot of meat.

Do you eat many vegetables? _______________________________

Do you drink much coffee? _________________________________

Does your dad have much money? ____________________________

Does Frank read many books? _______________________________ Do they eat many hamburgers? ______________________________


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UNIT III

1. Object pronouns

2. Irregular nouns3. Used to

OBJECT PRONOUNS

SUBJECT

PRONOUNS

MEANING OBJECT

PRONOUNS

MEANING

I Yo Me Mi, me.migo

You T You T, ti, te, -tigo

He l Him A l, le, lo, la

He Ella Her A ella, le, la

It Eso, esto It Le, lo, la, esto, eso

They Ellos (as) Them Ellos (as), los, las

We Nosotros (as) Us A nosotros (as), nos


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Subject pronouns can be used when they substitute a noun, a thing or a person.

Ex. Luis is in the room = He is in the room

The house is big = It is big

Lupita is very intelligent = She is very intelligent

The boys are playing = Theyre playing

Object pronouns can be used when they are direct object or indirect object.

Ex: They gave flowers to her = Ellos le regalaron flores a ella.

D. O. I. O.

Ellos le regalaron flores = They gave her flowers

D.O. I.O.

A direct object is a person or thing who receives the action of a verb directly.

An indirect object is a person or thing who receives the action of a verb indirectly

Usually when some word is a direct object, you have to write it immediately after main verb, isnt

necessary the preposition; however, if it is indirect object it is at the end followed often by the

proposition to orfor

Ex: Im giving these flowers to my sister = Im giving them to her.

Im sending this boy to her mother = Im sending him to her.

Im buying a present for my brother = Im buying it for him.

EXAMPLES

John explained the question. = John explained it

They asked Mary. = They asked her.

The boys help the girls. = The boys helped them.

Who read the book? We read it.


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A CONVERSATION:

Paul: Do you like Jazz, Carlos?

Carlos: No, I dont like it very much. Do you?

Paul: Its ok. What kind of music do you like?

Carlos: Well, I like rock.

Paul: Whats your favorite group?

Carlos: Foreigner. How about you? Do you like them?

Paul: No, I dont.

When you use phrasal verbs you have much be careful, sometimes you can write it immediately

after the main verb; however, it can be wrote at the end of the sentences.

Ex: Take off your shoes = Take them off

Quitate tus zapatos. = Quittelos

He closed down his shop = He closed it down.

l clausur su tienda = El la clausur.

EXERCISE I

1. Im showing ____. = Yo te enseo la casa.

2. She has brought ________. = Ella me ha trado regalos.

3. We are lending ______our car. = Nosotros te prestamos nuestro carro.

4. She has bought ____________ . = Ella lo ha comprado. (el anillo)

5. Take _____ off. = Quittelos. (los zapatos)

6. You have sold ______ this picture. = T me has vendido este cuadro.

7. He has given ______ this book. = El nos ha regalado este libro.

8. We have brought it to ___________ . = Nosotros te lo hemos trado.

9. You didnt say ___________ . T no me lo dijiste.

10. Buy _______ the newspaper. = Cmprame el peridico.


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EXERCISE II

A: Do you like disco music?

B: Yes, I like _____ very much.

A: Whats your favorite singer?

B: Bill Joel! I really like _____.

B: Bill Joel! I really dont like _______.

A: Do you like Madona?

B: No, I dont like _____ very much. But I like Whitney Houston. Do you?

A: Yes I like _____ very much.

B: What do you think of the Beatles?

A: Well, I like ________ very much.

B: Really? I like _________ a lot, too.EXERCISE III

1. I study my lesson every day. =

2. Mary knows John very well. =

3. I study with my friends. =

4. Answer the telephone, please. =

5. Frank washes the car on Sundays. =

6. Laura helps her mother every day. =

7. Benjamin does his homework by the afternoon. =


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2. IRREGULAR NOUNS

Lets remember that if you want to make the plural form of a noun you needed to add ans or es.

EXAMPLE: JOHN BOUGHT SOME DISHES

I CLEANED FIVE WINDOWS

There are some irregular nouns you will have to lean them of memory

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING (BOTH)

Child Children

Woman Women

Man Men

Foot Feet

Tooth Teeth

Deer Deer

Mouse Mice

Sock Sox

Goose Geese

Dozen Dozen

EXERCISE

1. We need five ___________________ of sugar. Sacos

2. I saw ten ___________________. Nios

3. She washed a lot of _________________ today. Platos

4. There are three _________________ in the room. Ratones5. There are 12 ______________ and 7 _________________ in the office.

Hombres mujeres

6 I have two _____________ .Pies

7 He give me two _______________ . Duraznos


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3 USED TO

Used to + base form vs. be used to + gerund

EXAMPLES EXPLANATION

I used to work for Sony Company

We used to visit our cousins each vacation

My dad used to sleep after the dinner

He used to study by the afternoons

Used to + base form describes a repeatedaction in the past tense or situation that existedin the past.

I am used to working with computers

My friends is used to playing soccer eachSunday

Were used to eating in this restaurant

Be used to + gerund describes an action or asituation that has become Continuous

A Circle past if the sentences talks about a situation in the past, and

Continuous ifIt talks about a situation that has become Continuous.

EXAMPLE: I am used to taking the bus to work. Past Continuous

1. My mother used to be a nurse. Past Continuous

2. She is used to taking care of people. Past Continuous

3. She used to work in a large hospital. Past Continuous

4. My father used to work as a security guard. Past Continuous

5. He used to work the night shift. Past Continuous


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B Complete each sentences using either the base or the gerund form of the

Verb in parentheses.

1. (Trabajar) I used to ________________ lunch with my classmates.

2. (Despertar) We used to ______________ at 7:00. Now I work at home

3. (Despertar) I am used to _______________ at 7:00 that I cant sleep later.

4. (Tomar) She used to __________ the subway every morning. Now I never take the subway

5. (Oir) They used to _______________ sing the birds by the mornings.

Principal Parts of common Irregular verbs

Present Past Past Part. Spanish

Arise Arose Arisen

Awake Awoke Awoken

Be(am,are,is) Was-were Been

Bear Bore Born

Beat Beat Beaten

Become Became Become

Begin Began Begun

Bet Bet Bet

Bite Bit Bitten

Blow Blew Blown

Bring Brought Brought

Build Built Built

Buy Bought Bought

Catch Caught Caught


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Choose Chose Chosen

Come Came Come

Cost Cost Cost

Cut Cut Cut

Deal Deaalt Dealt

Dig Dug Dug

Do Did Done

Draw Drew Drawn

Drink Drank Drunk

Drive Drove Driven

Eat Ate Eaten

Fall Fell Fallen

Feel Felt Felt

Fight Fought Fought

Find Found Found

Fly Flew Flown

Forget Forgot Forgotten

Forgive Forgave Forgiven

Freeze Froze Frozen

Get Got Gotten

Give Gave Given

Go Went Gone

Grow Grew Grown

Hang Hung Hung

Have Had Had

Hear Heard Heard


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Hide Hid Hidden

Hit Hit Hit

Hold Held Held

Hurt Hurt Hurt

Keep Kept Kept

Know Knew Known

Lead Led Led

Leave Left Left

Lend Lent Lent

Let Let Let

Light Lit Lit

Lose Lost Lost

Make Made Made

Mean Meant Meant

Meet Met Met

Pay Paid Paid

Put Put Put

Put on Put on Put on

Quit Quit Quit

Read Read Read

Ride Rode Ridden

Ring Rang Rung

Run Ran Run

Say Said Said

See Saw Seen

Seek Sought Sought


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Sell Sold Sold

Send Sent Sent

Set Set Set

Shake Shook Shaken

Shine Shone Shone

Shoot Shot Shot

Shut Shut Shut

Sing Sang Sung

Sit Sat Sat

Sleep Slept

Speak Spoke

Spend Spent

Spread Spread

Stand Stood

Steal Stolen

Strike Struck/Striken

Swear Sworn

Sweep Swept

Swim Swum

Take Taken

Teach Taught

Tell Told

Think Thought

Throw Thrown

Understand Understood

Wake Woken


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Wear Worn

Weep Wept

Win Won

Write Written

PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

Present Past Spanish

Accept Accepted

Address Addressed

Admire Admired

Admit Admitted

Adore Adored

Advise Advise

Answer Answered

Apply Applied

Appreciate Appreciate

Arrive ArrivedAsk Asked

Bake Baked

Believe Believed

Belong Belonged

Borrow Borrowed

Brush Brushed

Call Called

Carry Carried

Change Changed


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Clean Cleaned

Close Closed

Cook Cooked

Count Counted

Cover Covered

Cross Crossed

Dance Danced

Decide Decided

Deliver Delivered

Discover Discovered

Dress Dressed

Empty Emptied

Enjoy Enjoyed

Erase Erased

Examine Examined

Expect Expected

Explain Explained

File Filed

Fill Filled

Finish Finished

Fix Fixed

Follow Followed

Force Forced

Form Formed

Fly Fried

Gather Gathered


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Guide Guided

Hand in Handed out

Hand out Handed out

Hate Hated

Help Helped

Honor Honored

Hope Hoped

Hurry Hurried

Increase Increased

Intend Intended

Invent Invented

Invite Invited

Iron Ironed

Jump Jumped

Land Landed

Laugh Laughed

Learn Learned

Like Liked

Listen Listened

Live Lived

Look Looked

Look for Looked for

Love Loved

Mail Mailed

Miss Missed

Move Moved


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Need Needed

Obtain Obtained

Open Opened

Order Ordered

Park Parked

Place Placed

Plan Planned

Play Played

Practice Practiced

Prefer Preferred

Prepare Prepared

Produce Produced

Pull Pulled

Push Pushed

Rain Raided

Receive Received

Remember Remembered

Rent Rented

Repair Repaired

Repeat Rested

Rest Rested

Return Returned

Review Reviewed

Serve Served

Shave Shaved

Smell Smelled


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Smile Smiled

Smoke Smoked

Snow Snowed

Start Started

Stay Stayed

Stop Stopped

Study Studied

Talk Talked

Thank Thanked

Touch Touched

Travel Traveled

Try Tried

Turn Turned

Turn of Turned of

Type Typed

Use Used

Visit Visited

Vote Voted

Wait Waited

Wait on Waited on

Walk Walked

Want Wanted

Wash Washed

Watch Watched

Wish Wished

Word Worked

NOTE: The PAST PARTICIPLE form is the same as the PAST TENSE form.

apuntes de inglÉs ii

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