apartes de la charla: astrofÍsica relativista – focus: astrofÍsica de ondas gravitacionales y...

Overview Astrophysics of black holes and gravitational waves ndash The case of LIGO Event GW150914httpswwwligocaltecheduvideoligo20160211v3 Press Conference Announcement at NSFUSA

By Herman J Mosquera Cuesta (Ph D in Astrophysics) | COLCIENCIAS ndash Programa Nacional de Ciencias Baacutesicas Ciencia Espacial

Summary Relativistic astrophysics is a major field of research onthe structure and evolution of the Universe (including its astronomytaxonomical contents) which calls for the theory of gravityintroduced by Albert Einstein in 1915 The General Theory ofRelativity depicts the inextricable gravitational interaction betweenany sort of matter-energy and the space-time itself In this seminar Iwill deliver a panoramic overview around my contributions to thisfield of research As a timely issue I will focus mainly on theastrophysics of black holes and gravitational waves as regards themost recent observations (The Binary Black Hole MergerGW150914) performed by the USA LIGO (laser interferometricgravitational-wave observatories)

Did really such event observe a BH binary system --- Is that event an actual observation of GWs

Einsteinrsquos General Theory of Relativity (1915)

bull Escriba una breve descripcioacuten general o un resumen del proyecto

What a Gravitational Wave is hellip According to Einstein A v_prop = c (Stereoscopic) Transverse Wave of (Spatial Strain) Curvature ---Generated by Time-Variations of Source Mass 4-pole Moment




Space-Time Warping by GWs

Binary Black Holes and GW Emission

LIGO EVENT GW 150914 (2015)

What a BH is According to GTR --- A Spacetime discontinuity

where everything sinks in i e Laws of Physics Diverge

What a GW is

According to GTR A Binary BH is

What Stephen Hawking Really Meant When He Said There Are No Black Holes - A decades-old paradox returns

HJMC Views on the Formation of Astrophysical Black Holes

httpwwwworldscientificcomdoiabs101142S0217732310033633


Observations of binary black holes in some galaxies

bull X-Rays and Infrared Images of a quasar designated PSO J3342028+01407 pictured by Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey It had a periodic cycle of brightening and dimming instead repeating this cycle every 542 days

bull The astronomers quickly realized that what they were looking at was not one active black hole but two very close together making one orbit of each other over this 542 day period

If This is True What Other (Electromagnetic) RadiationsAre Emitted by Coalescing Astrophysical Binary BHs

Accurate Simulations of Binary Black-Hole Mergers in Force-Free ElectrodynamicsDaniela Alic (Potsdam Max Planck Inst) Philipp Mosta (Potsdam Max Planck Inst amp Caltech) Luciano

Rezzolla (Potsdam Max Planck Inst amp Louisiana State U) Olindo Zanotti (Trento U) Jose Luis

Jaramillo (Potsdam Max Planck Inst) Apr 2012 17 pp

Published in AstrophysJ 754 (2012) 36

On the detectability of dual jets from binary black holes

Philipp Moesta Daniela Alic (Potsdam Max Planck Inst) Luciano Rezzolla (Potsdam Max Planck

Inst amp Louisiana State U) Olindo Zanotti (Potsdam Max Planck Inst) Carlos

Palenzuela (Canadian Inst Theor Astrophys amp Louisiana State U) Sep 2011 4 pp

Published in AstrophysJ 749 (2012) L32

The missing link Merging neutron stars naturally produce jet-like structures and can power

short Gamma-Ray Bursts

Luciano Rezzolla Bruno Giacomazzo Luca Baiotti Jonathan Granot Chryssa Kouveliotou Miguel

A Aloy Jan 2011 6 pp


HJMC contribution to the research in relativisticastrophysics Gravitational Waves

Gravitational wave bursts from soft gamma-ray repeaters Can they be detectedHerman J Mosquera Cuesta JCN de Araujo OD Aguiar JE Horvath

Jan 1998 5 pp

Published in PhysRevLetts 80 (1998) 2988-2991

Back reaction of Einsteins gravitational waves as the origin of natal pulsar

kicksHerman J Mosquera Cuesta (ICTP Trieste amp Rio de Janeiro CBPF amp Rio de Janeiro

CLAF)

Dec 2000 5 pp

Published in PhysRev D65 (2002) 061503

httpinspirehepnetsearchln=itampp=find+author3A+mosquera+cuestaampof=hbampaction_se

arch=Cercaampsf=earliestdateampso=d

HJMC contribution to the research in relativisticastrophysics GWs







Relativistic Community States INTERFEROMETRIC DETECTION OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES Is The Definitive Test For General Relativity

LIGO EVENT GW 150914 ndash IMPLICATIONS and PERSPECTIVE FOR GW ASTRONOMY

LIGO event GW150914 observed by detectors at Livingston and

Hanford




Hanford

ABSTRACT

A gravitational-wave transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced LIGO detectorson 2015 September 14 The event initially designated G184098 and later given the nameGW150914 is described in detail elsewhere By prior arrangement preliminary estimates of thetime significance and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observerscovering radio optical near-infrared X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- andspace-based facilities In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the gravitationalwave data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger Wesummarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-rayCoordinates Network Circulars giving an overview of the participating facilities the gravitationalwave sky localization coverage the timeline and depth of the observations As this event turnedout to be a binary black hole merger there is little expectation of a detectable electromagneticsignature Nevertheless this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of anAdvanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of thetransient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed topursue neutron star binary merger events Detailed investigations of the electromagnetic dataand results of the electromagnetic follow-up campaign will be disseminated in the papers of theindividual teams

LOCALIZATION AND BROADBAND FOLLOW-UP OF GW150914

- Preprint Article to be Published by LIGO Science Team -

A critical review of event GW150914 observed by LIGO - Laser Interferometer GW Observatories (Hanford WA ndash Livingston LA)

Main arguments Signal traveled greater than light

bull The light distance between Hanford (H1) and Livingston (L1) detectors is 10ms The PRL paper argues (see its Fig 1) that signal arrived to H1 after 69+05 minus04 ms later

bull Given that 1) GRT predicts that GWs propagates at the speed of light c hellip and 2) Supposing that the GW Wfrontfirst hit L1

bull Then accepting that 1) GWs do exist and 2) event GW150914 observed them

bull One concludes that GWs moved form L1 to H1 with a velocity v cong 145 c gt c Unacceptable from both GRT and SRT

The most plausible explanation

bull The main argument of paper is given at page 3 lsquoOver 02 s the signal increases in frequency and amplitude in about 8 cycles from 35 to 150 Hz where the amplitude reaches a maximum The most plausible explanation for this evolution is the inspiral of two orbiting masses m1 and m2 due to gravitational-wave emissionrsquo

bull Thatrsquos a very strong demand

bull Some questions immediately arise

bull 1 Why such a typical wave pattern should be associated to the non directly observed concept of lsquoblack holersquo and especially to its more sophisticated versionlsquo coalescence of rotating BHsrsquo

bull 2 What is the logical legitimation for accepting ad hoc of a non previously and independently detecting physical object (BH) as hypothetically existed in order to claim for a more advanced observation (GWs)

GRT Approx with Post Newtonian Expansions

bull Soon after one reads that lsquoAt the lower frequencies such evolution is characterized by the chirp massrsquo as described at [4] (miscitation )

bull Remember that It is broadly accepted that GRT dropped away Newtonian theory

bull Nonetheless when we want to perform GR computations we come back to Newtonrsquos gravitational potential but expanded in a more sophisticated form rather than solving the direct Einsteinrsquos field equations

bull Once again such GTR does not hold fordescribing a binary system


Main arguments Where did time effects go

bull GRT predicts gws alter the lsquospacetimersquo and not only space

bull In all the experiment however there is not even one remark about what is the effect of GWs to clocks

bull How can we measure frequencies without having solved the time problem

bull Keep in mind that the main equation of the paper is the ldquochirp massrdquo (frequency f and its time derivative`˙f )

bull The only reference about time is lsquoData collection is synchronized to Global Positioning System (GPS) time to better than 10 μs [66] Timing accuracy is verified with an atomic clock and a secondary GPS receiver at each observatory sitersquo







Fundamental problems of weak field approximation Energy definition related to GWs

bull The main problem is when we try to study the energy that GWs is supposed to transfer as waves

bull The first attempt was a first order expansion of the metric (see Sean Carrollrsquos General Relativity Class Notes -- differential geometry)

bull g_mu nu = n_mu nu + h_mu nu (2)

bull Thus for energy definition we have to move to at least a second order approximation of the form (3)


Sean Carrollrsquos Notes on General Theory of Relativity

bull He explains to us

bull lsquoIn fact we have been cheating slightly all along In discussing the effects of gravitational waves on test particles and the generation of waves by a binary system we have been using the fact that test particles move along geodesics

bull But as we know this is derived from the covariant conservation of energy-momentum nablaμ Tμ = 0 In the order to which we have been working however we actually have partial μ T_μnu = 0 which would imply that test particles move on straight lines in the flat background metric

bull This is a symptom of the fundamental inconsistency of the solve the weak field equations to some appropriate order and then justify after the fact the validity of the solutionrsquo In practice the best that can be done is to solve the weak field equations to some appropriate order and then justify after the fact the validity of the solutionrsquo

bull Following next his analytical presentation it is necessary to define

bull with G^(2)_numu the part of Einsteinrsquos tensor that is second order in perturbation weak field limit

bull But the notation treats t_μnu as a tensor which is not true

bull Making things more sensitive it is not even invariant under gauge transformations (infinitesimal diffeomorphisms)

bull The remedy to the problem is not a

bull satisfactory one provided the extremely difficult extensions of GTR

bull As for our current issue the approximations of two black holes are far away from the simplified two body problem described at page 159 of Carrollrsquos Class Notes on GTR

Summarizing

bull We saw that event GW150914 has some main issues that need top be further clarified

bull it violates the upper limit of lightrsquos speed

bull it is based on a concept (lsquoblack holersquo) that has not been observed independently before

bull it has quietly inserted non altered space (arms) and time (clocks) components

bull it uses weak field approximation which suffers from several mathematical problems Specially lsquocos it struggles with point-like particles instead of actual astrophysical objects

bull We have to wait until a reasonable sample of similar events have been reported in order to argue that we have reached at such strong results

bull Notice similarly that it cannot be defined any kind of Statistics with sample N = 1 Thus all statistical claims of the paper although maybe technically correct cannot be accepted under the main spirit of statistical thinking the sample of experiments

Relevant References

bull [1] A Einstein Numlaherungsweise integration der feldgleichungen der gravitation Sitzungsber K Preuss AkadWiss Phys-Math Kl 1916 (1916) 688ndash696

bull [2] A Einstein umlUber gravitationswellen Sitzungsber K Preuss AkadWiss 1918 (1918) 154ndash167

bull [3] BP Abbott et al Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger Phys Rev Lett 116 (2016) 061102 doi101103PhysRevLett116 061102

bull [4] L Blanchet et al Gravitational-radiation damping of compact binary systems to second post-newtonian order Phys Rev Lett 74 (1995) 3515ndash

bull [5] L Blanchet et al Gravitational waveforms from inspiralling compact binaries tosecond-post-newtonian order Classical and Quantum Gravity 13 (4) (1996) 575 httpstacksioporg0264-938113i=4a=002

bull [6] LSC Ligogallery (2016) httpswwwligocaltechedugallery

bull [7] S M Carroll Lecture notes on general relativity arXivgr-qc9712019

Summary Relativistic astrophysics is a major field of research onthe structure and evolution of the Universe (including its astronomytaxonomical contents) which calls for the theory of gravityintroduced by Albert Einstein in 1915 The General Theory ofRelativity depicts the inextricable gravitational interaction betweenany sort of matter-energy and the space-time itself In this seminar Iwill deliver a panoramic overview around my contributions to thisfield of research As a timely issue I will focus mainly on theastrophysics of black holes and gravitational waves as regards themost recent observations (The Binary Black Hole MergerGW150914) performed by the USA LIGO (laser interferometricgravitational-wave observatories)

Did really such event observe a BH binary system --- Is that event an actual observation of GWs












What a GW is


























Jan 1998 5 pp




CLAF)

Dec 2000 5 pp














Hanford




Hanford

ABSTRACT




















































Summarizing








Relevant References



















What a GW is


























Jan 1998 5 pp




CLAF)

Dec 2000 5 pp














Hanford




Hanford

ABSTRACT




















































Summarizing








Relevant References
































Jan 1998 5 pp




CLAF)

Dec 2000 5 pp














Hanford




Hanford

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Hanford

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Hanford

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