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2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 11 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Vyuit WDMtechnologie pro
propojovn datovchcenter
Praha, hotel Clarion
10. 11. dubna 2013
T-VT2/ L2
Jaromr Pila, Consulting Systems Engineer, CCIE 2910
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Single Mode Fiber Prerequisite for long distance optical transmission
Both the core and the cladding are made primarily of silica (SiO2)
Several types defined by ITU-T standards (most common is G.652) Typically one pair needed (single fiber systems possible as well)
Refractive Index (n)- n = c/v, n ~ 1.46 (SiO2), n(core) > n(cladding), difference < 1%
- Propagation delay in fiber: 5 sec/km (given by speed of light)
Buffer/CoatingBuffer/Coating
250m
CladdingCladding
125m10m
CoreCore
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Single lambda vs. multiple lambdasHow to transport more than one channel
TDM: WDM:
Single lambda:
- One signal only (e.g. 1000BaseZX, 10GBaseZR etc.)- More signals using TDM (SDH, EoSDH, FCoSDH) or statistical multiplexing (e.g. MPLS-TP)
Multiple lambdas: (grids defined by ITU standard)- CWDM 20 nm grid (usually 8 or 16 channels)
- DWDM 200 GHz, 100 GHz or 50 Ghz grid
- WWDM
Combination:- DWDM (or CWDM) used to scale overall bandwidth
- TDM used for subset of wavelength to efficiently use available bandwidth by slow channels
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Welcome to the analog world Optical Impairments (1/2)
Attenuation Loss of signal strength (absorption a scattering)
Limits transmission distance
Optical amplifiers can compensate
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) Noise introduced by optical amplifiers
Function of symbol rate - rule of thumb,
2X data symbol => 3 dB higher OSNR needed Limits number of amps hence distance
Solution provided by FEC/EFEC or regeneration
Chromatic Dispersion (CD) Speed of light is different for different wavelength
Limits transmission distance (pulses are distorted) Inverse to the square of the data rates
Dispersion compensator compensates for effects
Advanced modulations provides higher tolerance
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Wavelength (nm)
0.2
0.5
2.0
Loss (dB/km)
L-ban
d:15651625nm
C-band:15301565nm
S-band:14601530nm
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Wavelength (nm)
0.2
0.5
2.0
Loss (dB/km)
L-ban
d:15651625nm
C-band:15301565nm
S-band:14601530nm
10Gb/s
2.5Gb/s Fiber
Fiber
10Gb/s
2.5Gb/s Fiber
Fiber
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Welcome to the analog world Optical Impairments (2/2)
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Caused by non-linearity of fiber geometry
Very disruptive at higher bit rates (> =10G)
MLSE and advanced modulations to increase tolerance, PDMC orregeneration to compensate
Four Wave Mixing (FWM) Effects in multichannel systems
Effects for higher bit rates
CD, unequal channel spacing, larger spacings
Self/Cross Phase Modulation (SPM, XPM) Effected by high channel power
Effected by neighbor channels
CD, reduce launch power, larger spacings
Wavelength (nm)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1 54 2 1 54 3 1 54 4 1 54 5 1 54 6 1 54 7 1 54 8
Power(dBm)
Wavelength (nm)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1 54 2 1 54 3 1 54 4 1 54 5 1 54 6 1 54 7 1 54 8
Wavelength (nm)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1 54 2 1 54 3 1 54 4 1 54 5 1 54 6 1 54 7 1 54 8
Power(dBm)
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WDM System
Anatomy
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WDM system anatomyTransponder based system
'Grey' MM/SM850/1310/1550nm
GE
FC
SDH
ITU-T Grid for DWDM
Wavelength
MultiplexedSignals
OpticallyAmplified
Wavelengths
WDMMux
(Filter)
WDMMux
(Filter)OAOA
OEO
OEO
OEO
OAOA
Optical
Amplifier
OEO = transponder
Primary functions:- wavelength conversion- G.709 encapsulation
- FEC/EFEC- protocol monitoring- service demarcation point- can provide TDM multiplexing- OFC
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WDM system anatomySystem with colored clients
GE
FC
SDH
ITU-T Grid for DWDM
WavelengthMultiplexedSignals
OpticallyAmplifiedWavelengths
WDMMux
(Filter)
WDMMux
(Filter) OAOA
SFP(+)/XENPAK/X2/XFP
Colored optics
OAOA
OpticalAmplifier
SFP/X2
Client equipment
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Where WDM
System Can Help
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Bandwidth / Fiber Multiplication
Transport of bandwidths beyond available interface rates (10G, 40G, 100G) requiresmultiple channels.
With standard interfaces, multiple channels requires multiple fiber pairs. Fiber is ascarce resource, and can be costly.
DWDM allows multiple channels over a single fiber pair, and is often more cost effectivethan using multiple fiber pairs.
Without DWDMN fiber pairs
With DWDMOne fiber pair
N wavelengths
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Distance
With standard interfaces, distance is limited to the reach of the specified interface(e.g. LX, EX, ZX 10 km, 40 km, 80 km).
Exceeding these distances requires regeneration of each channel (typically withrouter/switch interfaces).
With DWDM, single span distances can reach 250 km.
Amplified, multiple span DWDM distances can reach 1000s of km, with no
electrical regeneration.
Without DWDMUp to 80km
With DWDM1000s of km
OpticalAmplifier
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Topology Flexibility
With standard interfaces, the physical (layer 1) network topology is restricted to thefiber topology.
Fiber is expensive, and availability is limited. Metro / regional fiber is most costeffectively deployed to multiple sites in a ring.
DWDM, specifically ROADM, allows any L1 topology (hub and spoke, mesh) overany fiber topology typically a ring.
Physical RingChannel Mesh
Physical RingChannel Hub & Spoke
Physical MeshChannel Mesh
Dark FiberDWDM
Wavelengths
Physical RingChannel Topology
must be a Ring
Dark Fiber
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Service Protection
Without DWDM (or TDM), service protection must be provided by an upper layer protocol.This can be complicated and slow.
DWDM provides the ability to protect individual channels at layer 1, with sub 50msswitching times.
Bandwidth is reserved, with no oversubscription or contention in a failure scenario.
Multiple levels of resiliency are available, at varying cost points.
Optical Layer ProtectionInterface Protection Fiber ProtectionLine Card Protection
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Cisco Optical
Product Portfolio
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Cisco optical products portfolio
Optical products are handled by to different groups
Transciever Module Group (TMG)
High End Routing and Optical Group (HERO)
TMG portfolio
Grey, CWDM and DWDM optical pluggable modules (GBIC, SFP, XENPAK, X2, XFP, SFP+, QSFP+, CFP,CXP, CPAK*)
Supported in Catalyst and Nexus families of switches and routers **Simple passive filters (CWDM, EWDM)
HERO portfolio (optical part)
Passive filters (ONS 15216 family, DWDM and CWDM)
SDH/SONET products (ONS 15300, ONS 15454 MSPP and ONS 15600 family
Carrier Ethernet solution (CPT family MPLS TP based)
DWDM system (ONS 15454 MSTP)
IPoDWDM (modules for CRS, GSR, ASR 9K and 7600)
* - roadmap, ** - check datasheets for details
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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP:Network Topologies
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BENEFIT: High flexibility in system deployment, most of applications covered
BENEFIT: Broad range of potential service offerings
BENEFIT: 40/100 Gbps support allows for further bandwidth scaling
TDM STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 OTU-2
OTU-2e OTU-3 OTU-3e OTU-4 E1 E3
Storage 1G FC/FICON 2G FC/FICON 4G FC/FICON 8G FC/FICON 10G FC/FICON ESCON
ISC 1 ISC 3 Sysplex CLO Sysplex ETR STP 5G Infiniband
Data E FE GE 10 GE LAN PHY 10 GE WAN PHY 40 GE
100 GE
VideoDV-6000HDTVSDID1 videoDVB ASI
2RAny rate from 100Mbps to 2.5 Gbps
Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP supported clientsWide range of telco and enterprise client interfaces
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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTPInterface cards
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10G OTU2 Xponder
10G OTN Xponder is a single slot board equipped with 4 10G pluggable interfaces(XFP based)
supports fixed and full C-band tuneable XFP
Each of the 4 interfaces supports multiple services:
OC-192 / STM-64 (9.95328 Gbps)
10GE WAN PHY (9.95328 Gbps)
10GE LAN PHY (10.3125 Gbps)
10G FC (10.518 Gbps)
OTU-2 Standard G.709 (10.70923 Gbps)
G.709 overclocked to transport 10GE as defined by ITU-T G. Sup43 Clause 7.1 (11.0957 Gbps)
G.709 overclocked to transport 10GE as defined by ITU-T G. Sup43 Clause 7.2 (11.0491 Gbps)
G.709 proprietary overclocking mode to transport 10G FC (11.3168 Gbps)
Port specification
All the 4 ports support NO-FEC and FEC mode (Standard Reed-Solomon FEC defined byITU-T G.975)
2 ports (Port 3 and Port 4) also supports E-FEC correction algorithm (StandardOrthogonal BCH defined by ITU-T G.975.1 Clause I.7)
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10G OTU2 Xponder: Card Configurations
2x 10G Multi-rate Transponder
2x 10G FEC/E-FEC Regen
1x 10G E-FEC/E-FEC Regen
Mixed MR TXP and Regen FEC/EFEC
1x 10G Multi-rate Transponder with protected trunk
10GDWDM
10G(Grey/DWDM)
10G(Grey/DWDM)
10GDWDM
10GDWDM
10GDWDM
10GDWDM
10GDWDM
10G
DWDM
10GDWDM
10GDWDM
10GDWDM
10G
(Grey/DWDM)
10G
DWDM
10GDWDM
10G(Grey/DWDM)
10GDWDM
10GDWDM
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Any-Rate Xponder CardUltimate Flexibility for DWDM Aggregation and Transport
Ethernet: FastE, GigE
SAN: 1G, 2G, 4G, 8G
SDI Video: SD, HD, 3G
10G OTU-3
TDM: OC-3/12/48, OTN
2.5G OTU-2
Transparent
Transponder / Muxponder
Unprotected / Protected
Pay-As-You-Grow
8 x SFP, 2 x XFP ports
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2.5G Transponder
2.5G Protected Transponder
2.5G Data Muxponder
2.5G Protected Data Muxponder
4 x 2.5G 10G Muxponder
8-Port 10G DataMuxponder
Video aggregation
OC-3/12/48 aggregation
Fast Ethernet aggregation
8G Fibre Channel Transponder
Protected 10G Muxponder
EFEC I.7 Transponder/Regen
Replaces thefunctionality of all thesecards...
...and adds these newfeatures.
Any-Rate Xponder CardUltimate Flexibility for DWDM Aggregation and Transport
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Any-Rate Xponder CardSample operating mode (1/2)
Client
DWDM Trunk
Client
DWDM Trunk
Client
DWDM Trunk
Client
DWDM Trunk
TSP #1
TSP #2
TSP #3
TSP #4
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
10G DWDM Trunk
10G DWDM Trunk
DWDM Trunk Working
Client
DWDM Trunk ProtectTSP #1
Protected
DWDM Trunk Working
Client
DWDM Trunk ProtectTSP #2
Protected
4 x SFP Transponder
Unprotected1G, 2G or 4G
2 x SFP Transponder
Protected1G, 2G or 4G
2 x 4:1 10G Muxponder
Unprotected1G, 2G or 4G
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8G FC Client
DWDM Trunk
8:1 10G MuxponderProtectedMulti-Rate Client
8G FC TransponderUnprotected
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
10G DWDM Trunk Working
10G DWDM Trunk Protect
Client
DWDM Trunk Working
Client
DWDM Trunk Protect
2 x 2:1 2.5G MuxponderProtectedMulti-Rate Client
Client
DWDM Trunk Working
Client
DWDM Trunk Protect
Client
Any-Rate Xponder CardSample operating mode (2/2)
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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP 100Gbps Implementation
100G DWDM Trunk Line Card
M2 with 2x 100G DWDM Trunk
10x 10G Multi-Rate Line Card
2x CFP Line CardM6 with 6x 100G DWDM Trunk
Outcome of internal development and CoreOptics acquisition 400Gbps and 1Tbps technology demonstrated @ PONC in Monza
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Latency sourcesWhere the latency comes from?
Fiber - speed of light is not infinite
Speed in vacuum c = 3 x 108
m/s 3.3s/kmSpeed through fiber c 5s/km
Transponder/muxponder
OEO, monitoring, muxponding, etc.
FEC/EFECCalculation
DCU
Spool of special fiber
Typical length for Cisco DCUs is from 0.6km (100 ps/nm) to 12km (1950 ps/nm)
Can add 10% of latency in average on G.652
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Fibre Bragg Grating DCUsDispersion Compensation for Low Latency Optical Networking
Same range of compensation values asDCF DCUs
Uniform, low loss (3dB)
Near Zero Latency (< 25ns)
Compatible with 100GHz systems
Passive Inventory
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Ultra Low Latency Transponder Mode
Software Mode of same 10x10G card
Sub 4ns latency!
No FEC or G.709
Five 10G transponders per slot
Fixed or Tuneable DWDM Trunk Optics
10GE / 10G FC onlyTX/RX Client
TX/RX Trunk
TX Client RX Trunk
TX Trunk RX Client
Normal Mode
ULL Mode
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10G TXP/MXPLatency Details (End-to-End)
10G MR EFEC Transponder:G.709 Off: 1s
G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC: 5sG.709 On Enhanced FEC: 150s
10G Data Muxponder (DE disable):G.709 Off 1G FC: 58s
G.709 Off 2G FC: 30s
G.709 Off 4G FC: 59s
G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC 1G FC: 66sG.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC 2G FC: 36s
G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC 4G FC: 66s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC 1G FC: 204s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC 2G FC: 174s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC 4G FC: 204s
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40G TXP and 100G modulesLatency Details (End-to-End)
40G Data Muxponder:G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC : 5s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC : 50s 10x10G Linecard:
G.709 Off No FEC : 4s
G.709 On No FEC : 7s
G.709 On Standard FEC : 11s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC : 146s
100G Trunk module:G.709 On Standard FEC : 4s
G.709 On HG-FEC 7% : 20s
G.709 On UFEC 20% : 39s
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What is "skew"
Skew = differential delay Can be introduced by:
- Different path lengths
- Muxponding
Negative impact on some load balancing schemes (namely Brocade ISL trunking) Negative impact on protocols with embedded timing information
Must be carefully evaluated
Source -t=0 Destination -t>0
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DWDM Encryption Architecture
256 bitAES
Key exchange overOTU2 GCC
OTU2 PayloadEncrypted with
256 bit AES
DWDM
Wavelength(s)
Ethernet
Fibre Channel
OTN
Ethernet
Fibre Channel
OTN
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10G Multi-Rate Encryption Transponder
One slot, Ten SFP+ pluggable ports
Powerful Layer 1 Encryption for 10G signals
Supports 10GE, 10G FC, 8G FC, OC-192 and OTU-2
Five independent encrypted streams per card
256 bit XTS-AES encryption & GMAC Authentication
Robust key exchange mechanism over G.709 GCC
Integrated transponder functionality
Trunk SFPs can be gray (SR, LR, ER) or DWDM
DWDM trunks include FEC for long reach
Trunks can interface with 40G or 100G muxponders for wavelength
aggregation
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10G Multi-Rate Encryption TransponderPer Port Flexibility
Unencrypted, Gray Client
Encrypted, DWDM Trunk
Low Latency Transponder
OTU2 output from AnyRate Xponder
Encrypted, DWDM Trunk
Unencrypted, Gray Client
Unencrypted, DWDM Trunk
Unencrypted, Gray Client
Encrypted, Gray output to 40G or 100G Muxponder
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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP ROADM Implementation
Basic implementation
- 2 ROADM
- Multidegree ROADM (optical mesh)
Enhanced functionality
- Omnidirectional- Colourless
- DWDM aware control plane
Integration and space/power efficiency- Single module ROADM
- Attractive PAYG bundles
EDFA
ROADM
OSA
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Rack Diagrams
Step-by-Step Interconnect
Smooth Transition from Design to Implementation
Traffic requirements:
Any-to-Any Demand provided by ROADM
Point-to-point demands
Comprehensive Analysis checks for:
wavelength routing and selection
optical budget and OSNR
CD, PMD, amplifier tilt etc.
GUI-based Network Design Entry
Bill of Materials
Cisco ONS 15454 MSTPComprehensive design tool - Cisco Transport Planner
BENEFIT: Fast and comprehensive network design
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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTPManagement Applications Options
Cisco Transport Controller (CTC)
Installation and setupFull node/ring management capability
Cisco Prime Optical (formerly CTM)
EMS/NMS layer applications for advanced optical management
CORBA/TL1 and SNMP NBI available for OOS integration
Cisco Transport PlannerNetwork design
Network modelling
Computer-aided installation: from network design straight toinstallation
Live network import
OSMINE completed
TIRKS, NMA and TEMS
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Case Study 1Public Sector
Customer
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Project information Two systems redundant point-to-point between Ljubljana and Maribor (replacement of existing
ONS 15530) and ring in Ljubljana
Distance Ljubljana Maribor is almost 170 km, solution without in-line amplification required
(RAMAN amplification used)
Distances for ring are between 10 km and 15 km
Traffic for point-to-point system:1x10GE, 1x8G FC, 1x 4G FC, 8xGE (all channels 1+1 protected)
up to 20 wavelengths @ 100 Gbps validated
Traffic for ring system:1x10GE, 2x8G FC, 2x2G FC, 8xGE (all channels splitter protected)
up any-to-any traffic combination validated to full capacity of 40 wavelengths and 100 Gbps perwavelength
Client interfaces 850 nm MMF (easily changeable)
Redundant AC power supplies and chassis controllers Multishelf graphical management and OSC channel
Prerequisite for DC and switching evolution which will introduce Catalyst upgrade, Nexus 7000and MDS 9500
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Diagrams and rack layouts
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Case Study 2Large Financial
Sector Customer
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Project information Two systems per site (independent, primary and secondary) combined with platform redundancy
(AC PS, shelf controllers)
Primary system traffic requirements:
31x 10GE, 16x GE, 22x8G FC, 17x8G FICON, 12x10G FC, 4x 5G IB
Secondary system traffic requirements:
25x 10GE, 14x GE, 22x8G FC, 17x8G FICON, 12x10G FC, 4x 5G IB
Each system equipped to support for 40 lambdas @ 100 Gbps
High wavelength utilization achieved by use of 10x10->100G multiplexing, only 16 wavelengthsused in primary system and 14 in secondary. Additional 24 still available for use in primarysystem and 26 in secondary system
All nodes are multidegree ROADMs to allow future topology expansion
Traffic protection will be managed at end-device level by taking diverse paths via primary andsecondary systems
Graphical management with multishelf capabilities, OSC
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Rack Layout
Primary system Secondary system
Primary system power consumption:
Maximum 4580 W
Typical 3700 W
Secondary system power consumption:
Maximum 4500 W
Typical 3633 W
8/10G channel latency:
Fiber: 110 s (22x5)
System: 11 s (7+4)
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Case Study 3Hybrid Bidirectional
Designs
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4-channel bidirectional terminal based on FLD
152
16-FLD-4-30.3
COM-TX
2.5dB
OPT-AMP-17
15216-FLD-4-33.4
2.5dB
152
16-FLD-4-30.3
15216-FLD-4-30.3
OPT-PRE
15216-FLD-4-33.4
15216-FLD-4-33.4
2.5dB
2.5dB
1.5dB
COM-RX
Ch1-TX
Ch2-TX
Ch3-TX
Ch4-TX
Ch1-RX
Ch2-RX
Ch3-RX
Ch4-RX
Ch1-RX
Ch2-RX
Ch3-RX
Ch4-RX
Ch1-TX
Ch2-TX
Ch3-TX
Ch4-TX
COM-RX
COM-TX
EXP-RX
Ch1-RX
Ch2-RX
Ch3-RX
Ch4-RX
Ch1-TX
Ch2-TX
Ch3-TX
Ch4-TX
COM-TX
COM-RX
Single 15216-FLD-4-30.3
Single 15216-FLD-4-33.4
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40-channel bidirectional terminal based on ID-50
(DCU)
OPT-PRE
15
216-MD40-EVEN
2.5dB maxloss
15216-MD40-O
DD
15216-MD-ID-50
OPT-AMP-17
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Otzky a odpovdi
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Prosme, ohodnote
tuto pednku.
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