a. vasorum presentation

8/7/2019 A. vasorum presentation

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Angiostrongylus vasorum in

NewfoundlandBy Vanessa Reid


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Angiostrongylus vasorum

Metastrongylid Nematode

Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet,1866) Kamensky 1905

Phylum: Nematoda; Family: Metastrongylidae

Commonly known as French Heart Worm

Endoparasite found in the family Canidae

Wild &Domestic

Indirect Life Cycle Canid definitive host

Gastropod intermediate host


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Life Cycle ofA. vasorum

L1 larvae

released in feces

L1 larvae is ingested or

penetrates foot of

Gastropod: Molting occursfrom L1 larvae to L3

Some amphibians have been

shown to act as an

intermediate host

Intermediate host is ingested

Gastropod intermediate is digested: L3larvae released and maturation and

development occurs to produce eggs which

hatch in the lung parenchyma, L1 larvae

coughed up and swallowed

Definitive host

Intermediate host


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Effects of Infection

On the Definitive host: Respiratory :coughing, gagging, and pneumonia

Circulatory : intravascular coagulation, subcutaneous

swelling and right heart failure

Other: exercise intolerance, weight loss, stunted growth,

vomiting, nervous system defects, excessive bleeding and

tissue damage.

Brain Hemorrhage of In Domestic Dog A. vasorum in Heart Tissue of Fox in Germany


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Current Distribution

Palearctic EcozoneNearctic Ecozone


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In Newfoundland Occurs on the Avalon Peninsula

The Definitive Host

Coyote, Canis latrans (Say 1823)

Red Fox, ulpes Vulpes (Linnaeus 1758)

Domesticated Canines,C

anis familiaris

Is the only location in North America to have A.vasorum

Genetic analysis shows relation to populations inFrance

First discovered in the Red Fox in 1973 markingthe introduction to Nearctic Ecozone


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Why Newfoundland? Why the Avalon

Peninsula?


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Climate on the Avalon Peninsula Is more mild and humid than the rest of the

island

Supports healthy gastropod populations

Humid environment needed for respiration

Able to spend more time exposed

More likely to be infected and ingested

Allows for transition in the environment

between hosts Avoid desiccation of L1 larvae


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Climate Change

Increased Temperatureand hunidity

More intermediatehosts & increased

nematode survival

Spread of Disease


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Sources:

Bourque, Andrea., HughWhitney., Gary Conboy. 2005. Angiostrongylus vasorum Infection in aCoyote (Canis latrans) from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases41(4): 816-819

Bourque, Andrea C., Gary Conboy., Lisa M. Miller, Hugh Whitney. 2008. Pathological findings in dogsnaturally infected withAngiostronylus casorum in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. J Vet DiagnInvest 20:11-20

Bridger, Kimberly E., Eric M Baggs., Jean Finney-Crawley. 2009. Endoparasites of the Coyote (Canis

latrans), a Recent Migrant to Insular Newfoundland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45(4):1221-1226 Jefferies R., S.E. Shaw., J. Willesen., M.E. Viney, E.R. Morgan. 2010. Elucidating the spread of

emerging canid nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum between Palaearctic and Naearctic ecozones.Infection, Genetics and Evolution 10: 651-568.

Morgan, Eric R., Susan E. Shaw., Sheila F. Brennan., Theo D, De Waal., Boyd R Jones., Grace Mulcahy.2005. Angiostrongylus vasorum: a real heartbreaker. Trends in Parasitology Vol 21 No.2.

Morgan, Eric R., Ryan Jefferies., Madeleine Krajewski., Peter Ward., Susan E. Shaw. 2009. Caninepulmonary angiostrongylusis: The influence of climate on parasite distribution. ParasitologyInternational 58: 406-410

Verzberger-Epshtein, I., r.j.f.Markham., J.A. Sheppard., H. Stryhn., HughWhitney., G.A Conboy.2008. Serologic detection ofAngiostrongylus casorum infection in dogs. Veterinary Parasitology151: 53-60.

French Heartworm Infection of Dogs and Foxes in Newfoundland. [email protected]


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a. vasorum presentation

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