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CHEMICAL HAZARD COMMUNICATION:

Approximately 32 million workers are potentially exposed to one or more chemical hazards daily. Chemicals can pose serious health problems to exposed workers. Some chemicals may also have the potential to cause fires, explosions and other serious accidents.

Because of the seriousness of these safety and health problems, OSHA issued a standard titled "Hazard Communication". The goal of the standard is to ensure employers and employees know the potential for chemical hazards and how to protect against them. This knowledge should help to reduce the incidence illnesses and injuries caused by chemicals.

Requirements of the Standard

The Hazard Communication standard (HAZCOM) requires that all chemicals made or used in workplaces are evaluated. The resulting hazard information and protective measures are given to employers and potentially exposed employees.

Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey hazard information to people who purchase their product by labeling containers and material safety data sheets (MSDS's). In addition, employers must have a HAZCOM program that explains how they will get this information to their employees.

How to Comply with the Standard

Follow these steps to develop a hazard communication program.

1. Read the standard. Make sure the provisions of the standard are understood. Any employer using materials containing 1% of a hazardous chemical or 0.1% of a carcinogen is covered. Food, alcohol, drugs, & consumer products are not covered by the standard.

2. List the hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

a. Walk around the workplace, read all container labels, and list:

the identity of all materials that may be hazardous, manufacturer's name, product name, emergency phone number; and the work area where the product is used.

Be sure to include hazardous chemicals that are generated in the work operation but are not in a container (e.g., welding fumes, manure gases).

Colorado Livestock Association Safety Reference Manual 1-H

b. Make chemical information easily accessible to employees. Establish a file on hazardous chemicals used in the workplace, and include a copy of the latest MSDS's and any other pertinent information.

c. Make sure the purchasing department is asking for MSDS’s each time materials are ordered and develop procedures to keep the list current.

3. Obtain MSDS’s for all chemical substances.

a. If there is not a MSDS for a hazardous substance, request a copy from the manufacturer, distributor or importer. An MSDS must accompany or precede the shipment and must be used to obtain identifying information such as the chemical name and the hazards of a particular substance.

b. Review each MSDS to be sure that it is complete and clearly written. The MSDS must contain physical and chemical properties of a substance, physical and health hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency and first-aid procedures, and spill control measures.

4. Make sure all containers are labeled. Manufacturers, importers or distributors are responsible for labeling and employers are responsible for the following:

a. Ensuring that all containers of hazardous substances in the workplace are labeled, tagged or marked and include the identity of the hazardous chemical, and the appropriate hazard warnings. Ensure the container labels from purchased chemicals have the name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer or other responsible party.

b. Terminating or defacing existing labels on containers unless the container is immediately marked with the required information.

c. Instructing employees on the importance of labeling secondary containers into which they have transferred materials.

5. Develop and implement a written hazard communication program. This program must include:

a. Container labeling and other forms of warnings;

b. Employee training based on the list of chemicals, MSDS's, and labeling information; and

c. Methods for communicating hazards and protective measures to employees and visitors.


WORKING WITH CHEMICALS:

IntroductionThe objective of this segment is to provide employers with guidance on the use of hazardous materials. Many of these materials are explosive, corrosive, flammable, or toxic; they may have properties that combine these hazards. Many chemicals are relatively non-hazardous by themselves but become dangerous when they interact with other substances, either in planned experiments or by accidental contact. To obtain information regarding flammables and combustible liquids view www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf180.htm or www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf179.htm.

To avoid injury and/or property damage, employees who handle chemicals in any area of the company must understand the hazardous properties of the chemicals with which they work. Before using a specific chemical, safe handling methods must always be reviewed. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that the equipment needed to work safely with chemicals is provided. Additional information regarding chemical compatibility can be located at www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf181.htm.

Hazard Communication PlanThe Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has placed in effect the requirements of a standard called Hazard Communication (29 CFR 1910-1200). This standard establishes requirements to ensure that chemical hazards in the workplace are identified and that this information, along with information on protective measures, is transmitted to all affected employees.

The HAZCOM development plan is on page 12. This section describes how an operations employees should be informed of the potential chemical hazards in their work area so they can avoid harmful exposures and safeguard their health. Components of this program include labeling, preparing a list of chemicals used on the ranch, a logbook of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), and training.

Responsibilities of Supervisors/Management: Ensure chemicals are properly labeled in each work area. Have the written Hazard Communication Program available to all employees. Obtain/maintain copies of MSDS of each hazardous material used in the work area

and make them accessible to employees. Provide hazard-specific training for employees.

Employees must: Attend safety training meetings. Perform operations in safe manner. Notify management immediately of any safety hazards or injuries. When ordering materials, identify hazardous chemicals. Attempt to buy the least toxic

chemical that will satisfy your needs.


http://www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf181.htm



The Operation Safety Director must: Develop a written Hazard Communication Program. Maintain a central file of MSDS. Provide generic training programs. Assist supervisors in developing hazard-specific training programs. Oversee the Hazard Communication Standard written policy and implementation

plans. Alert on-site contractors that they must provide to their employees with information

on hazardous materials they bring to the work site, and inform them of yours.

The number of hazardous chemicals and the number of reactions between them is so large that prior knowledge of all potential hazards cannot be assumed. Therefore, when the chemical properties of a material are not fully known, it should be assumed hazardous.

The following general safety precautions should be observed when working with chemicals:

Obtain and read the MSDS. Keep the work area clean and orderly. Use necessary safety equipment. (chemical resistant gloves, goggles, etc.) Leave chemicals in original containers, if not possible, carefully label each container

with the identity of its contents and appropriate hazard warnings. Store incompatible chemicals in separate areas. Substitute less toxic materials whenever possible. Limit the volume of volatile or flammable material to the minimum needed for short

operation periods. Provide means of containing and cleaning up the material if equipment or containers

should break or spill their contents. Provide a back-up method of shutting off power to a heat source if a fire hazard is

involved.

Supervisors are responsible for establishing safe procedures and for ensuring that the protective equipment needed to work with the chemicals is available and the use of such is enforced. Supervisors must instruct their workers about possible hazards, safety precautions that must be observed, possible consequences of an accident, and procedures to follow if an accident does occur.

It is the responsibility of employees and all who use the compounds to understand the properties of each chemical with which they will work and to follow all precautions that apply to each specific task.

When faced with an unexpected threat of malfunction, injury, or damage, employees are expected to choose a course of action that provides the most protection to themselves and to others in the area. Every employee is expected to report to the supervisor any unsafe condition seen in the area that would not permit him/her to work safely.

_________________________ and the operations safety committee assists employees and supervisors to work safely by providing information on the hazardous properties of materials,


recommending methods for controlling the hazards of specific operations, and by monitoring the work environment.

Supervisors must instruct their personnel about the potential hazards involved with the task, proper safety precautions to follow, and emergency procedures to use if an accident should occur. To supplement the supervisor's training, the Operations Safety Director and the operations safety committee should conduct training courses on selected topics. In addition, MSDS and safety information, including hazards, health effects, potential routes of exposure, proper handling precautions, and emergency procedures on specific chemicals, are available by contacting __________________________.

In all cases of potentially harmful exposure, feasible engineering or administrative controls must first be established. In cases where respiratory protective equipment, alone or with other control measures, is required to protect the employee, the protective equipment must be approved by management, for each specific use.

Safety EquipmentEyewash fountains are required if the substance in use presents an eye hazard. The eyewash fountain must provide a soft stream or spray of aerated water.

In areas where a corrosive chemical or rapid-fire hazard exists, safety showers must be provided for immediate first aid treatment for chemical splashes and for extinguishing clothing fires. The shower must be capable of drenching the victim immediately in the event of an emergency.

Eyewash fountains and safety showers shall be located close to each other so that, if necessary, the eyes can be washed while the body is showered. Access to these facilities must always remain open and 10-15 feet from the site where the chemical is used. In case of accident, flush the affected body part for at least 15 minutes. Report the accident to your supervisor immediately.

Safety shields shall be used for protection against possible explosions or splash hazards. Operation equipment must be shielded on all sides so that there is no line-of-sight exposure of personnel.

Chemical StorageAll chemical storage areas should be locked with access limited to individuals and/or employees knowledgeable in chemical handling.

The separation of chemicals (solids or liquids) during storage is necessary to reduce the possibility of unwanted chemical reactions caused by accidental mixing. Lips, strips, or bars should be installed across the width of reagent shelves to restrain the chemicals.

Chemicals must not be stored in the same refrigerator used for food storage. Refrigerators used for storing chemicals should be labeled, “DO NOT STORE FOOD IN THIS REFRIGERATOR”.


LabelsAll containers (including glassware, safety cans, plastic squeeze bottles) must have labels that identify their chemical contents. Labels should also contain information on the hazards associated with the use of the chemical.

EmergenciesIn case of an emergency, consider any of the following actions:

Evacuate people from the area and isolate. If the material is flammable, turn off ignition and heat sources. Call the Fire Department or 911 for assistance. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Pour Sorb-all or a neutralizing agent on spill and place in a plastic bag for disposal. All of the company's employees, participating guests, and visitors using hazardous

chemicals are responsible for disposing of these chemicals safely. Federal and state regulations mandate strict disposal procedures for chemicals. To

comply with these regulations all persons using operation facilities must observe these procedures.

Routine Disposal Of ChemicalsGenerally the disposal of hazardous chemicals to the sanitary sewer is not permitted. Management will advise on the proper disposal of chemical waste. When in doubt, contact the local Health Department/ Waste management for instructions on how to dispose of some chemical.

In using chemical waste storage containers, certain procedures must be observed, as listed below:

Incompatible chemicals must not be mixed in the same container (e.g., acids should not be mixed with bases; organic liquids should not be mixed with strong oxidizing agents).

Waste oils must be collected in 55-gallon drums. Disposal solids, and explosive materials must be stored in separate containers.

General Housekeeping Rules Maintain the smallest possible inventory of chemicals to meet your immediate

needs. Periodically review your stock of chemicals on hand. Ensure those storage areas, or equipment containing large quantities of chemicals,

are secure from accidental spills. Rinse emptied bottles that contain acids or flammable solvents before disposal. Recycle unused laboratory chemicals wherever possible.

DO NOT: Place hazardous chemicals in salvage or garbage receptacles. Pour chemicals onto the ground or dispose through the storm drain system. Dispose of highly toxic, bad-smelling, or eye-irritating chemicals down sinks or

sewer drains.


TRABAJANDO CON QUIMICOS:

IntroduccionEl objetivo de este segmento es proporcionarle a los patrones una guia para el uso de materiales peligrosos. Muchos de estos materiales son explosivos, corrosivos, inflamables, o tóxicos; pueden tener propiedades que combinan estos riesgos. Muchos químicos son relativamente no-peligrosos solos pero se vuelven peligrosos cuando interactuan con otras substancias, ya sea en experimentos planeados o por contacto accidental. Para obtener información con respecto a los inflamables y liquidos de combustible vea www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf180.htm o www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf179.htm.

Para evitar lesión y/o daño de propiedad, empleados que se ocupan de químicos en cualquier área de la compañía deben entender las propiedades peligrosas de los químicos con los cuales trabajan. Antes de usar cierto químico, siempre deben revisarse los métodos seguros de manejo. Los supervisores son responsables de asegurarse que el equipo necesitado para trabajar con seguridad con los químicos sea proporcionado. Informacion adicional sobre compatibilidad quimica puede localizarse en www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf181.htm.

Plan de Comunicacion de RiesgoLa Seguridad Profesional y Administración de Salud (OSHA) ha puesto en efecto los requisitos de una norma llamada Comunicación de Riesgo (29 CFR 1910-1200). Esta norma establece los requisitos para asegurarse de que los riesgos de químicos en el lugar de trabajo sean identificados y que esta información, junto con la información de medidas de protección, sea transmitida a todos los empleados afectados.

El plan de desarrollo HAZCOM está en la página 12. Esta sección describe cómo los empleados de un funcionamiento deben ser informarmados de los riesgos químicos potenciales en su área de trabajo para que pueden evitar las exposiciones dañinas y puedan resguardar su salud. Los componentes de este programa incluyen el etiquetado, preparar una lista de químicos usadas en el rancho, un libreto de Hojas de Datos de Seguridad Material (MSDS), y entrenamineto.

Las responsabilidades de Supervisores/Administracion: Asegurese de que los químicos esten propiamente etiquetados en cada área de trabajo. Tenga el Programa de Comunicación de Riesgo por escrito disponible a todos los empleados. Obtener/mantener copias de MSDS de cada material peligroso usado en el área de trabajo y hacerlas accesibles a los empleados. Proporcionar entrenamiento riesgo-específico a los empleados.

Los empleados deben: Asistir a las reuniones de entrenamiento de seguridad. Realizar los funcionamientos de manera segura.


Notificar inmediatamente a la administracion de cualquier riesgo de seguridad o lesiones.

Al ordenar los materiales, identifique los químicos peligrosos. Intente comprar el químico menos tóxico que satisfaga sus necesidades.

El Director de Seguridad del Funcionamiento debe: Desarrollar un Programa de Comunicación de Riesgos por escrito. Mantener un archivo central de MSDS. Proporcionar programas de entrenamiento genéricos. Ayudar a supervisores a desarrollar programas de entrenamiento riesgo-

específicos. Inspeccione la poliza escrita de la Norma de Comunicación de Riesgo e

implementacion de planes. Alertar a los contratistas en-sitio de que ellos deberan proporcionar a sus

empleados información sobre los materiales peligrosos que ellos traigan al sitio de trabajo, e informarlos de los suyos.

El número de químicos peligrosos y el número de reacciones entre ellos es tan grande que el conocimiento previo de todos los riesgos potenciales no puede asumirse. Por lo tanto, cuando las propiedades quimicas de un material no se conocen totalmente, debe asumirse peligroso.

Las siguientes precauciones de seguridad generales deben observarse al trabajar con químicos:

Obtenga y lea la MSDS. Mantenga el área de trabajo limpio y ordenadamente. Use el equipo de seguridad necesario. (guantes resistentes a quimicos, lentes, etc.) Deje los químicos en los recipientes originales, si no es posible, etiquete

cuidadosamente cada recipiente con la identidad de sus contenidos y advertencias de peligro apropiadas.

Guarde los químicos incompatibles en áreas separadas. Sustituya los materiales menos tóxicos siempre que sea posible. Limite el volumen de material volátil o inflamable al mínimo necesitado para

cortos periodos de funcionamiento. Proporcione medios para guardar y limpiar el material por si el equipo o

recipientes se llegaran a romper o se callera su contenido. Proporcione un método de respaldo de apagar la electricidad por una fuente de

calor por si un riesgo de fuego estuviera involucrado.

Los supervisores son responsables de establecer procedimientos seguros y de asegurarse que los equipos de proteccion necesitados para trabajar con químicos esten disponibles y el uso de tales sea reforzado Los supervisores deben instruir a sus trabajadores sobre los posibles riesgos, precauciones de seguridad que deban observarse, las posibles consecuencias de un accidente, y procedimientos a seguir si ocurriera un accidente.


Es la responsabilidad de los empleados y todos los que usan los compuestos entender las propiedades de cada químico con el que ellos trabajarán y seguir todas las precauciones que se aplican a cada tarea específica.

Cuando te enfrentes con una amenaza inesperada de malfuncionamiento, lesión, o daño, se espera que los empleados escojan un camino de acción el cual proporcione la mayor protección para ellos mismos y a otros en el área. Se espera que todo empleado informe al supervisor sobre cualquier condición insegura vista en el área que no le permitiría trabajar seguramente.

_________________________ y el comité de seguridad de funcionamientos ayuda a los empleados y a supervisores a trabajar seguramente proporcionando la información sobre las propiedades peligrosas de materiales, recomendando métodos para controlar los riesgos de funcionamientos específicos, y supervisando el ambiente de trabajo.

Los supervisores deben instruir a su personal sobre los riesgos potenciales involucrados con la tarea, precauciones de seguridad apropiadas a seguir, y procedimientos de emergencia para usar si un accidente ocurriera para. Complementar el entrenamiento del supervisor, el Director de Seguridad de Funcionamientos y el comité de seguridad de funcionamientos deben dirigir los cursos de entrenamiento en temas seleccionados. Además, MSDS e información de seguridad, incluyendo riesgos, efectos de la salud, rutas potenciales de exposición, precauciones de manejo apropiadas, y procedimientos de emergencia en los químicos específicos, están disponibles poniendose en contacto con __________________________.

En todos los casos de exposición potencial dañina, ingeniería factible o controles administrativos deben establecerse primeramente. En casos dónde el equipo proteccionista respiratorio, solo o con otras medidas de control, se requiere para proteger al empleado, los equipos proteccionistas deben ser aprobados por la administracion, para cada uso específico.

Equipo de SeguridadSe requieren fuentes para lavarse los ojos si la substancia en uso presenta un riesgo del ojo. La fuente para lavarse los ojos debe proporcionar un chorro suave o rocío de agua aireada

En áreas dónde un químico corrosivo o el riesgo de fuego-rápido exista, deben proporcionase regaderas de seguridad para tratamiento inmediato de primeros auxilios para las salpicaduras de químico y para extinguir el fuego de la ropa. La regadera debe ser capaz de empapar a la víctima inmediatamente en caso de una emergencia.

Se localizarán fuentes para lavarse los ojos y regaderas de seguridad cerca una de la otra para si es necesario, los ojos pueden lavarse mientras el cuerpo se moja. Acceso a estos medios siempre debera permanecer abierto y 10-15 pies del sitio dónde el químico sea usaso. En caso de un accidente, derrame agua en la parte del cuerpo afectado durante por lo menos 15 minutos. Reporte el accidente a su supervisor inmediatamente.


Los escudos de seguridad deberan usarse para la protección contra posibles explosiones o riesgos de salpicadura. El equipo de funcionamiento debera escudarse por todos lados para que no haya ninguna linea-de-vista del personal expuesta.

Almacenamiento QuimicoTodas las áreas del almacenamiento químico deberan cerrarse con llave con acceso limitado a los individuos y/o empleados conocedores del manejo químico.

La separación de químicos (sólidos o líquidos) durante el almacenamiento es necesario reducir la posibilidad de reacciones químicas no deseadas causadas por mezclado accidental. Deben instalarse labios, tiras, o barras en la anchura de estantes de reactivos para refrenar los químicos.

No deben almacenarce químicos en el mismo refrigerador usado para el almacenamiento de comida. Refrigeradores usados para almacenar quimicos deben etiquetarse, “NO GUARDE LA COMIDA EN ESTE REFRIGERADOR”.

EtiquetasTodos los recipientes (incluso la cristalería, botes de seguridad, botellas plasticas aprensables) deben tener etiquetas que identifiquen sus contenidos químicos. Las etiquetas también deben contener la información sobre los riesgos asociados con el uso del químico.

EmergenciasEn caso de una emergencia, considere cualquiera de las acciones siguientes:

Evacúe a las personas del área y aisle. Si el material es inflamable, apague la llave y fuentes de calor. Llame al Departamento de Bomberos o 911 para ayuda. Use equipo de protección personal apropiado. Eche Sorb-all o un agente neutralizante en el derramamiento y ponga en una bolsa

plástica para destruccion. Los empleados de toda la compañía, invitados participantes, y visitantes que usan

químicos peligrosos son responsables de deshacerse de estos quimicos seguramente.

Las regulaciones federales y estatales ordenan procedimientos de disposición estrictos para los químicos. Para obedecer estas regulaciones todas las personas que usen las facilidades del funcionamiento deberan observar estos procedimientos.

Disposicion rutinaria De QuimicosGeneralmente la disposición de químicos peligrosos en la alcantarilla sanitaria no es permitida. La Administracion aconsejará sobre la disposición apropiada del desperdicio del químico. Cuando tenga duda, contacte a la administracion del Departamento de Salud/Desperdicio Local para instrucciones de cómo deshacerse de algún químico.


Cuando uses recipientes de almacenamiento para desperdicios químicos, deben observarse ciertos procedimientos, como los de la lista de abajo:

no deben mezclarse químicos incompatibles en el mismo recipiente (por ejemplo, no deben mezclarse los ácidos con las bases; no deben mezclarse los líquidos orgánicos con agentes oxidantes fuertes).

Aceites de desperdicio deberan juntarse en barriles de 55-galones. Desperdicios sólidos y materiales explosivos deben guardarse en recipientes separados.

Reglas Generales del Mantenimiento del Lugar Mantenga el inventario de quimicos mas pequeno posible para satisfacer sus

necesidades inmediatas. Repase periodicalmente su inventario de quimicos disponibles. Asegurese de que aquéllas áreas de almacenamiento, o equipo que contengan

grandes cantidades de químicos, este seguro de derramamientos accidentales. Enjuague botellas vacias que contengan ácidos o solventes inflamables antes de

deshacerse de ellos. Recicle los químicos del laboratorio que no hayan sido usados dondequiera que

sea posible.

NO: Ponga químicos peligrosos en salvamento o recipientes de basura. Vacie químicos en la tierra o se deshaga de ellos a través del sistema de desagüe

de tormenta. Se deshaga de quimicos altamente toxicos, mal-olientes, o irritante-a-los-ojos por

medio de fregaderos o alcantarillas de drenaje.


HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM:

The Hazard Communication Standard requires operations and employers to develop a written hazard communication program. The following is a sample hazard communication program. Communicate the HAZCOM program you develop to all of your workers.

______________________ has developed a Hazard Communication Program to ensure that our employees stay safe and healthy. _______________________ Hazard Communication Program provides information about the hazardous materials present in the workplace. The information includes container labeling, Material Safety Data (MSDS) and employee training. The outline below describes the program we will administer.

Container LabelingIt is our policy that before use, each container of hazardous materials must possess a labelwith specific information such as the name of contents, appropriate hazard warnings, and the name and address of the manufacturer.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)MSDSs for each hazardous material to which our employees may be exposed are filed in an MSDS binder located in______________. __________________ will review newly arriving data sheets for significant health and safety information and see that new information is passed on to the appropriate employees when necessary. If an MSDS is missing or incomplete, a new MSDS will be requested from the manufacturer. MSDSs are available to all employees during regular business hours. If an MSDS is not available for a particular material, contact your employer.

Employee Information and TrainingEmployees will attend hazardous material health and safety training during regular business hours at the time requested by the employer. Training will most likely take place during operation safety meetings. Training will consist of seven separate modules along with additional supplemental information to be provided by the employer. Collectively the training content will address the following areas:

The Employees "Right to Know" Law Product Labels and MSDSs or Exposure and First Aid Procedures Handling Hazardous Materials or Storing and Mixing Materials Clean-up of Spills and Disposal or Fire and Explosion

List of Hazardous MaterialsA Hazardous Materials Inventory Roster listing all known hazardous materials used in our workplace is posted in ___________________. The Roster lists the material name, the operation and whether or not we presently have an MSDS for the material. Specific information for each hazardous material can be found on the MSDSs. ______________________ is responsible for updating the Hazardous Material Inventory Roster and making our employees aware of the new materials we will be using in the workplace.

Informing Contractors_________________________ will ensure that outside contractors (“temps”) are informed about the hazardous materials they may be exposed to and how to protect themselves from these


materials while working in our workplace. Contractors should also inform ___________________ of any chemicals they bring on-site with them.


THE WORKER PROTECTION STANDARD (WPS) FOR AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES:

The Worker Protection Standard was developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to protect agricultural workers from pesticide exposure. Listed below are requirements for all agricultural employers using pesticides.

Information to be posted at a central location:

EPA (WPS) poster address and phone number nearest medical facility pesticide application information, which includes:

product name, EPA registration number, and active ingredients, description and location of treated area, time and date of application and the restricted entry interval.

Employees must be informed of any changes and the information must be readable.

Pesticide Safety Training

Workers and handlers should be trained prior to beginning work, unless they already have a valid card EPA-approved training record. Training is valid for 5 years, then the EPA requires retraining.

EPA-approved materials must be used to conduct the training. Training must be easily understood by employees. A certified applicator must

meet the qualifications to train.

Criteria for Worker Training

Training materials must use terms the worker understands. (WPS) training must address the following items:

the pesticide formulations likely to be encountered, the potential effects of pesticide exposure, how pesticides enter the body, signs and symptoms of pesticide poisoning, emergency first aid for pesticide poisonings or injuries, sources for emergency medical care, routine and emergency decontamination procedures, drift hazards, hazards of pesticide residues on clothing, warnings about using pesticide containers for storing other things, an explanation about application and entry restrictions, warning signs, oral

warnings, and the central posting location.


Decontamination Sites:

A decontamination site must be established within ¼ mile of all workers and handlers. Soap, clean water, single-use towels, and clean coveralls must be located at the site.

Water must be suitable for drinking. A minimum of one pint of eye flush water immediately accessible to employees. Decontamination sites cannot be put in areas being treated or still covered by a

restricted entry interval (REI).

Employer information Exchange

Prior to application, the commercial applicator must provide the following information to the owner of the agricultural operation:

product name, EPA registration number, and active ingredients, description and location of treated area, time and date of application and the restricted entry interval, safety requirements listed on the label for workers.

Emergency Assistance:

In case of an accident involving pesticides, the farm or ranch owner must: promptly make transportation available provide information on the pesticide name, ingredients, registration number, and

use, disclose all first aid and medical information from the label, provide employee exposure information.

This information must be given to the employee and medical personnel.

Restrictions During Applications and Restricted Entry Intervals

Allow only appropriately trained and equipped personnel in the application areas. Do not allow workers into a treated area during the restricted entry interval. Post (WPS)-design signs on all entrances to treated areas and keep posted during

(REI). Signs must be at least 14 inches by 16 inches and easy to read.

Oral Warnings

Both oral warnings and sign posting should be used to inform workers of pesticide applications and their location if required by the label. If not specified on the label, notify workers using either method.

Anti-Retaliation

It is illegal to retaliate against a worker who tries to comply with the (WPS).


WORKING WITH CHEMICALS AND ANHYDROUS AMMONIA:

Main Points Anhydrous ammonia is an extremely hazardous chemical and personal protective

equipment should be worn at all times when working with anhydrous. Have an ample supply of water nearby. (1-5 gallons)

Dangers of Anhydrous Ammonia Anhydrous ammonia contains no water. If an accidental release were to occur the

ammonia would seek out moisture from the nearest source, which is generally the person handling the product.

When stored under pressure the ammonia is in liquid form, when it’s released into the soil or air it becomes a vapor.

If you come into contact with anhydrous ammonia be aware it can easily make its way into your eyes or lungs, can severely burn your skin, and if inhaled the vapors can cause death.

Protecting Yourself From Anhydrous Ammonia Wear the proper clothing and personal protective equipment. For example:

1. long pants and a heavy long-sleeved shirt2. rubber gloves and chemically resistant apron3. boots made of a nonabsorbent material (not leather or canvas)4. full-face respirator, or a half-mask respirator with the appropriate ammonia

cartridges and pre-filters and safety goggles without vents. Bleed off the hose pressure before disconnecting it. Don’t repair a defective tank yourself. During transportation make sure your tires, slow moving sign emblem and tank

markings are in good condition. Have ample supply of water nearby. Inspect hoses, valves and connections regularly. (Never pick up a hose by the valve.) Never fill a nurse tank to more than 85 percent of capacity.

If You’re Accidentally Exposed To Anhydrous Ammonia Move away quickly from the leak to reduce the amount of vapors inhaled. Seek medical help if necessary. If spilled on clothing, remove immediately and apply water directly to your skin. If your eyes or skin are affected, immediately flush the area for at least 15 minutes. If your eyes are frozen shut, DON’T force them open, instead flush them out with

water; if water isn’t available flush with cold coffee/tea, soda, milk or juice until you’re near water.

Employee’s Signature: ____________________________ Date: __________________

This material was excerpted with permission from Gempler’s, Inc. 1-800-382-8473


TRABAJANDO CON QUIMICOS Y AMONIACO ANHIDRO:

Puentos Principales El amoníaco anhidro es un químico sumamente peligroso y los equipos de

proteccion personal deben usarse en todo momento al trabajar con anhidro. Tenga un amplio suministro de agua cerca. (1-5 galones)

Peligros del Amoniaco Anhidro El amoníaco anhidro no contiene agua. Si un descargo accidental ocurririera el

amoníaco buscaría la humedad de la fuente más cercana, la cual es generalmente la persona que esta manejando el producto.

Cuando almacenado bajo presión el amoníaco está en forma líquida, cuando se suelta en la tierra o aire se vuelve vapor.

Si usted entra en contacto con el amoníaco anhidro este consciente de que puede llegar fácilmente a sus ojos o pulmones, puede quemar su piel severamente, y si es inhalada, los vapores pueden causar la muerte.

Protegiendose Del Amoniaco Anhidro Use ropa apropiada y equipo de proteccion personal. Por ejemplo:

1. pantalones largos y camiza gruesa de manga larga2. guantes de hule y delantal resistente a quimicos3. botas hechas de un material no absorbente (no cuero o lona)4. respirador de cara completa, o respirador de media-mascara con cartuchos de

amoniaco apropiados y pre-filtros y lentes de seguridad sin aberturas Saque lentamente la presion de la manguera antes de desconectaria. No componga un tanque defectivo usted mismo. Durante el transporte asegurese de que sus llantas, el emblema de senal de lentamente

en movimiento y senales del tanque estan en buenas condiciones. Tenga un amplio suministro de agua cerca. Inspeccione mangueras, valvulas y conexiones regularmente. (Nunca levante una

manguera por la valvula.) Nunca llene un tanque auxiliario a mas de 85 por ciento de capacidad.

Si Usted se Expone Accidentalmente Al Amoniaco Anhidro Quitese rapidamente de la gotera para reducir la cantidad de vapors inhalados. Busque ayuda medica si es necesario. Si le callo en su ropa, quitesela inmediatamente y appliqué agua directamente a su

piel. Si sus ojos o piel son afectados, inmediatamente heche agua en el area durante por lo

menos 15 minutos. Si sus ojos estan cerrados de lo congelado, NO los abra afuerzas, major echeles agua

para abrirlos; si no hay agua disponible, echeles café/te, soda, leche o jugo helado hasta que este cerca del agua.

Firma de Empleado: ___________________________ Fecha: ____________________This material was excerpted with permission from Gempler’s, Inc. 1-800-382-8473


UNDERSTANDING MATERIAL SAFETYDATA SHEETS (MSDS):

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are the cornerstone of the Hazard Communication Standard. They provide information about the chemical substances within a product, safe handling procedures, first aid measures, and procedures to be taken when the product is accidentally spilled or released.

The responsibility for preparing or obtaining Material Safety Data Sheets lies with the chemical manufacturers or importers. Employers are required to have a MSDS for each hazardous chemical they use. They must maintain copies of the MSDS and ensure that they are readily accessible to employees during all work shifts.

There is no format specified for an MSDS. They, however, must be in English and must include the following information:

The identity of the chemical used on the label. Except for trade secrets, the specific chemical name and common names for

the hazardous ingredients. Physical and chemical characteristics. Physical hazards. Primary route(s) or entry. OSHA PEL, ACGIH TLV, and any other recommended exposure limit. Whether the chemical is listed as a confirmed or potential carcinogen by NTP,

IARC, or OSHA. Applicable precautions for safe handling and use. Applicable control measures. Emergency and first aid procedures. Date of preparation or latest revision. Name, address, and telephone number of manufacturer, importer, or other

responsible party.

MSDSs are supplied by the manufactures and supplier of chemicals as a means of describing the properties of a chemical, potential hazards, means of working with that chemical safely and emergency procedures in the event of fire, spill or exposure to the chemical.



ENTENDIENDO LAS HOJAS DE DATOSDE SEGURIDAD DE LOS MATERIALES (MSDS):

Las Hojas de Datos de Seguridad de los Materiales (MSDS) son la piedra angular de la Norma de Comunicación de Riesgo. Proporcionan la información sobre las substancias químicas dentro de un producto, procedimientos seguros del manejo, medidas de primeros auxilios, y procedimientos a seguir cuando el producto se cae o se suelta accidentalmente.

La responsabilidad de preparar u obtener las Hojas de Datos de Seguridad de los Materiales es de los fabricantes o importadores de químicos. A los patrones se les exige tener una MSDS para cada químico peligroso que ellos usan. Ellos deben mantener copias del MSDS y asegurarse de que sean rapidamente accesibles para los empleados durante todos los turnos de trabajo.

No hay ningún formato especificado para una MSDS. Sin embargo, deben estar en inglés y deben incluir la siguiente información:

La identidad del químico usado en la etiqueta. Excepto los secretos de comercio, el nombre químico específico y nombres

comúnes para los ingredientes peligrosos. Características físicas y químicas. Riesgos físicos. Ruta primaria(s) o entrada. OSHA PEL, ACGIH TLV, y cualquier otro límite de exposición

recomendado. Si el químico esta listado como confirmado o como carcinógeno potencial por

NTP, IARC, u OSHA. Precauciones aplicables para el manejo y uso seguros. Medidas de control aplicables. Procedimientos de emergencia y primeros auxilios. Fecha de preparación o última revisión. Nombre, dirección, y número del teléfono del fabricante, importador, u otro

grupo responsable.

Las MSDS son proporcionados por los fabricantes y proveedores de químicos como medios para describir las propiedades de un químico, peligros potenciales, medios para trabajar seguramente con ese químico y procedimientos de emergencia en caso de fuego, derramamiento o exposición al químico.

Firma del Empleado: ____________________________ Fecha: __________________


LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURE:

PurposeThe purpose of the energy control program is to ensure that whenever the possibility of unexpected machine or equipment start-up exists or when the unexpected release of stored energy could occur and cause injury, the equipment is isolated from its energy source(s) and rendered inoperative prior to servicing or maintenance. Examples of energy sources: high voltages, chemical, thermal, pneumatic, hydraulic, vacuum water, steam, raised weight (gravity), and compressed spring.

AuthorizationClear communication is essential to the success of proper Lockout/Tagout procedures. Only the supervisor or a trained employee should be “authorized” to work on equipment. Trained individual shall notify appropriate employees that service or maintenance on machinery requiring lockout will be taking place. These become “affected employees.” Locking out the device is rendering a switch, valve, raised load, coiled spring, or any energy source inoperative. If the energy-isolating device cannot be locked out, the worker must use tagout. Tagout is a “danger” card that is to be attached to the lock or locking device that shows who locked out the mechanism, the time, date and department. When the equipment is ready to be returned to operation, the authorized employee will notify the affected employees.

Lockout/Tagout Preparation1. Preparing For Lockout:

a. shut down equipment using normal stopping procedure;b. proceed to the appropriate energy source and deactivate the equipment by

switching off the energy source;c. authorized employee will place their lock on the panel box and lock it so that the

energy source cannot be accidentally turned on and keep the key(s) in their possession.

d. DO NOT rely on hydraulics, block equipment in raised position so it cannot fall.

2. Preparing For Tagout:a. Attach tags to equipment at each power source;b. when a tag is attached to an isolating means with a plastic wire tie, it is not to be

removed except by the person who applied it, and it is never to be bypassed, ignored or otherwise defeated. The tag should say “danger” or “working on machine do not start”, etc.;

c. tags must be legible and understandable by all employees. The authorized employee shall use locks, unless he/she can prove that the use of tags would provide protection at least as effective as locks and would assure “full employee protection.”

3. Performing Maintenance and/or Repair: a. Ensure that no employees are exposed;b. attempt to start the equipment using starting procedures; return operating control

to the “OFF” position after the test;c. perform the required maintenance and/or repairs.


4. Restoring Equipment To Normal Operation: a. When service and/or maintenance is complete, check the area around the

equipment to ensure that no one is exposed;b. after all tools have been removed, guards reinstalled, and employees are clear,

unlock the energy source. Restore energy to the equipment.

5. Procedure Involving More Than One Person (Group Lockout/Tagout):a. When more than one person will be doing work on the equipment, each

person shall place their personal lock on the energy-isolating device;b. as each person finishes their work and no longer needs to maintain lockout

protection, they will remove their lock from the panel.

TrainingThe supervisor or authorized employee has the responsibility to ensure that all personnel thoroughly understand the lockout/tagout procedure. LO/TO training will be documented including the employee’s name and date of training with the signature of the employee verifying training was received. All new employees should receive documented training before doing work on equipment. Annual retraining should be conducted in accordance with OSHA regulations.

Periodic InspectionInspection of the Lockout/Tagout procedures is performed at least annually to verify that energy control procedures continue to be carried out by employees. The supervisor, or other qualified person, certifies that periodic inspections have been performed. Certification includes:

Machines or equipment on which the energy control procedure was used; Date of inspection; Name (s) of employee (s) included in the inspection; Name of person performing the inspection.

For lockout procedures, the periodic inspection includes a review of employees’ responsibilities under the energy control procedure being inspected.

When a tagout procedure is inspected, tag limitations should be reviewed with each employee. In addition, each employee’s responsibilities are reviewed for the energy control procedures they routinely use.

Violation/Disciplinary ActionAny employee not following the procedures outlined in this program shall be immediately removed from the task being performed. The following actions will be taken before allowing the employee to do work requiring a lockout/tagout device.

1. Retrain employee in the steps to be followed.2. If the employee does not grasp the scope of this program, the employee shall be

moved to another location not requiring the use of lockout/tagout.3. If the employee does not seem to grasp the essentials of safety in the work place,

he/she must be terminated for his/her own safety and the safety of others in the area.


TOP 10 MOST COMMON LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROBLEMS:

The 10 most common problems with lockout/tagout processes are outlined below. Too avoid becoming a statistic, review your processes with a critical eye and open mind.

1 Lack of procedures. Specific procedures must be written for each piece of equipment or process. The procedures become a checklist to ensure that all energy sources are controlled before servicing and maintenance starts.

2 Training of all employees. Most employers do a good job or training “authorized” and “affected” employees, but OSHA requires that “all other employees” must be trained as well.

3 Wrong use of tags. Energy control tags are sometimes used as information tags or process control tags. Using the wrong tag degrades the importance of the tag.

4 Wrong use of locks. Lockout locks are sometimes used for toolboxes and lockers. As above, the wrong use of the lock degrades its importance.

5 Working under someone else’s lock. No individual should take responsibility for the safety of another worker where lockout/tagout is necessary.

6 Not identifying all energy sources. The procedures must identify all energy sources.

7 Annual audit of procedures and review of findings. OSHA requires an annual audit of each procedure and a review of the audit findings. The audit should determine if all energy sources have been identified, if employees understand which energy source is harmful and which is not, and if the energy control procedures are understood and followed.

8 Maintenance versus minor routine tool changes. Employees must know the difference in servicing and maintenance versus minor, routine adjustments and normal production operations.

9 Oversight. Questions and some healthy skepticism should be part of any control program review.

10 Duplicate keys. OSHA has taken a position that duplicate keys should not be on hand to remove locks.

FIRE SAFETY:Colorado Livestock Association Safety Reference Manual 22-H

Portable fire extinguishers need to be provided in adequate numbers and types and located throughout the operation. Fire extinguishers should be mounted in highly visible and readily accessible locations. Fire extinguishers must be recharged regularly with the date of last inspection noted on their tags. Periodically employees should be instructed in the use of extinguishers and fire protection procedures.

Fire DepartmentThe Community Fire Department is responsible for protecting people and property from fires, explosions, and other hazards through prevention and expeditious control of such events. In addition, the Fire Department provides first-response rescue and transportation services in medical emergencies.

The Fire Department's inspection staff is responsible for ensuring operation-wide compliance with fire safety and protection requirements and for reviewing all plans and procedures for compliance with these requirements; for inspecting and testing automatic fire protection and alarm systems and ensuring their maintenance and repair; for conduction of fire safety and protection inspections; and for providing fire prevention recommendations. Other responsibilities include training employees in fires safety equipment, practices, and procedures.

All these fire protection and response functions are performed in an effort to conform to OSHA regulations, State law, Company policies, and nationally recognized standards and guidelines for fire and life safety. The Fire Chief and the Fire Marshall have the authority to enforce applicable requirements of the Uniform Building Code; the Uniform Fire Code; National Fire Protection Association Codes (including the Life Safety Code), Standards, and Recommended Practices; and the fire protection provisions of OSHA Orders.

Employee ResponsibilitiesAll employees must immediately report fires, smoke, or potential fire hazards to the Fire Department (dial 911) and conduct their operations in such a way as to minimize the possibility of fire. This means applying rules such as keeping combustibles separated from ignition sources, being careful about smoking, and avoiding needless accumulations of combustible materials. Supervisor ResponsibilitiesSupervisors should ensure that their personnel are properly trained regarding potential fire hazards involved in their work and around their workplaces, the proper precautions to minimize fires, and the procedures in case of fire.

Fire ExitsExit corridors shall not be used for storage. The Life Safety Code, NFPA 101, requires that buildings designed for human occupancy must have continuous and unobstructed exits to permit prompt evacuation of the occupants and allow necessary access for responding emergency personnel. Attention to housekeeping, therefore, is very important. "Temporary" storage of furniture, equipment, supplies, combustibles or anything else is not permitted in exit ways.


ELECTRICAL SAFETY:

In the workplace, many electrical accidents can happen because of small faults or defects that are not considered very serious. A small fault can be deadly under the wrong circumstances. That’s why it’s important to inspect electrical systems and equipment on your regular safety inspections.

Equipment such as electrical tools or appliances must be grounded or of the double insulated type. Extension cords being used must have a grounding conductor, be in good shape, and may not be used as permanent wiring. The workplace supervisor must be aware if multiple plug adaptors are prohibited. If ground-fault circuit interrupters are installed on each temporary 15 or 20A (ampere), 120 volt AC circuit at locations where construction, demolition, modifications, alterations or excavations are being performed, temporary circuits must be protected by suitable disconnecting switches or plug connectors with permanent wiring at the junction. Additional electrical safety information can be located at www.nesf.org/work safety/reminders.html.

Electricians Must Be Aware Of The Following: Lockout/tagout procedures must be followed for electrical equipment maintenance or repairs. Exposed wiring and cords with frayed or deteriorated insulation must be repaired or replaced.

Examine repaired extension cords to ensure the repair has been done correctly. A polarity tester can check to see if the live and ground wires have been reversed.

Look for separation of the insulation from the wires where the plug is connected. This part of the cord can suffer wear and tear when unplugged improperly by yanking the cord instead of grasping the plug. Look for plugs with the third prong cut off. Also keep an eye out for three-wire cords plugged into two-wire extension cords.

Be on the lookout for three-prong adapter plugs. These adapters allow you to plug a three-prong cord into a two-prong outlet. Cords and tools with three-prong plugs should only be plugged into properly connected three-prong outlets.

Examine outlets for cracked, missing or damaged covers. Look for discoloration due to heat damage or smoke staining. Electrical enclosures should provide tight-fitting covers or plates.

Electrical rooms should be locked and properly labeled. These rooms should also be inspected to ensure that they do not contain any inappropriate temporary wiring.

Clamps or other securing means must be provided on flexible cords or cables at plugs, receptacles, tools, and equipment. The cord jacket must be held securely in place.

In wet or damp locations, electrical tools and equipment must be protected. The location of electrical power lines and cables (overhead, underground, under floor, other

side of walls) must be determined before digging, drilling or similar work is begun. All metal measuring tapes, ropes, hand lines or similar devices with metallic thread woven

into the fabric are prohibited for use where they could come in contact with energized parts of equipment or circuit conductors. The use of metal ladders is prohibited in areas where the ladder or the person using the ladder could come in contact with energized parts of equipment, fixtures or conductors.

All disconnecting switches and circuit breakers must be labeled. Disconnecting switches for electrical motors in excess of two horsepower must be capable of

opening the circuit when the motor is in a stalled condition without exploding. (Switches must be horsepower rated equal to or in excess of the motor hp rating.)

Low voltage protection must be provided in the control device of motor driven machines or equipment that could cause injury from inadvertent starting.



http://www.nesf.org/work%20safety/reminders.html

SEGURIDAD ELECTRICA:

En el lugar de trabajo, pueden pasar muchos accidentes eléctricos debido a pequeños errores o defectos que no son considerados muy serios. Un pequeno error puede ser mortal bajo las circunstancias equivocadas. Por eso es importante inspeccionar sistemas y equipos eléctricos en sus inspecciones de seguridad regulares.

Equipo como herramienta o aparatos electricos deben conectarse con tierra o ser del tipo aislado doble. Extensiones electricas que se usen deben tener un conductor para tierra, estar en buenas condiciones y no pueden usarse como instalación eléctrica permanente. El supervisor del lugar de trabajo debe estar enterado si los adaptadores de enchufes múltiples estan prohibidos. Si los interruptores de circuito de falta-de -tierra se instalan en cada circuito temporal 15 o 20A (amperio), 120 voltio AC en localidades dónde se está realizando construcción, demolición, modificaciones, alteraciones o excavaciones, los circuitos temporales deben estar protegidos por interruptores desconectadores apropiados o por conectadores de enchufes con instalación eléctrica permanente en la union. Informacion adicional de seguridad de electricicad puede localizarse enwww.nesf.org/work safety/reminders.html.

Los Electricistas deben Estar Conscientes De Lo Siguiente: Deben seguirse los procedimientos de Cerrar/etiquetar para mantenimiento o

reparaciones de equipo eléctrico. Alambrado eléctrico expuesto y extenciones desgastadas o insolacion deteriorada

deben repararse o reemplazarse. Examine las extensiones electricas que han sido reparadas para asegurarse de que la reparación se haya hecho correctamente. Un probador de polaridad puede verificar si los alambres de corriente y tierra han sido invertidos.

Revise la separacion de insolacion de los alambres donde se conencta el enchufe. Esta parte del cordón puede sufrir desgaste cuando se desenchufa inadecuadamente jalando el cordón en lugar de coger el enchufe. Fijese en enchufes con el tercer diente cortado. También fijese en extenciones elecricas de tres-alambres enchufadas en extenciones de dos-alambres.

Fijate en los adaptadores de enchufes de tres-dientes. Estos adaptadores te permiten enchufar una extencion electrica de tres-dientes en un tomacorriente de dos dientes. Extensiones y herramientas con enchufes de tres-dientes deben enchufarse solamente en tomacorrientes adecuados de tres-dientes.

Examine las tapas de los tomacorrientes que puedan estar partidas, falten o esten danadas. Fijate en el descoloramiento debido al daño de calor o manchas de humo. Los encerramientos eléctricos deben proporcionar tapas o placas que queden apretadas.

Los cuartos electricos deben cerrarse con llave y etiquetarse apropiadamente. Estos cuartos también deben inspeccionarse para asegurarse de que no tengan ninguna instalación eléctrica temporal inadecuada.

Grampas o otros medios de seguridad deben proporcionarse en cordones o cables flexibles en los enchufes, receptáculos, herramientas, y equipo. El forro de la extencion debe retenerse firmemente en su lugar.


En lugares mojados o húmedos, debe protegerse la herramienta y equipo eléctricos.

La ubicacion de líneas electricas de energia y cables (por arriba, por debajo del suelo, debajo del piso, en las paredes) debe determinarse antes de excavar, taladrar o de que algun trabajo similar haya empezado.

Todas las cintas de medir de metal, sogas, líneas de mano o aparatos similares con hilo metálico tejido en la tela estan prohibido usarse dónde podrían entrar en contacto con partes de equipo con corriente o conductores de circuito. El uso de escaleras de metal esta prohibida en áreas dónde la escalera o la persona que usa la escalera podría entrar en contacto con partes de equipo con corriente, accesorios o conductores.

Todos los interruptores desconectadores y quebrantadores de circuito deben etiquetarse.

Los interruptores desconectadores para motores eléctricos con más de dos caballos de fuerza deben ser capaces de abrir el circuito sin explotar cuando el motor está en condicion apagada. (Los interruptores deben estar a nivel del caballo de fuerza o exeder el nivel del caballo de fuerza del motor.)

Protección de voltaje bajo debe proporcionarse en el aparato de control de maquinas manejadas por un motor o maquinaria que podría causar una lesión por arranque inadvertido.



MACHINE GUARDING:

Introduction And Standards

Mechanical guarding shall encompass both the power transmission parts of all mechanical equipment and the points of operation on production machines.

Guards shall be provided where rotational motion, nip points, and cutting, shearing, punching, and forming mechanisms can cause injury to personnel or damage to tools and equipment.

Mechanical guards shall be designed or otherwise procured to meet the following specifications:

The guard shall provide positive protection. The guard shall be considered a permanent part of the machine or equipment,

capable of being easily or quickly removed or replaced. The guard shall not interfere with efficient operation or maintenance of the

machine or give discomfort to the operator. The guard shall not weaken the machine structure. The guard shall be designed for a specific job and a specific machine. The guard shall be durable, resistant to fire and corrosion, and easily repaired. The guard shall not present hazards, such as rough edges, splinters, pinch points,

shear points, or sharp corners.

Methods of guarding that shall be considered include the following:

Enclosing the operation (preferred)

Interlocking devices Moving barriers Removal devices Remote control Two-handed tripping devices Electronic safety devices

General


Before operating any machine, every employee should have completed a training program on safe methods of that machine’s operation. It is managements role to ensure that employees are following safe machine operating procedures.

All machinery and equipment must be kept clean and properly maintained. There must be sufficient clearance provided around and between machines to allow for safe operations, set up, servicing, material handling and waste removal.All equipment and machinery should be securely placed, and anchored when necessary, to prevent tipping or other movement that could result in personal injury. Generally, machinery should be bolted to the floor to prevent falling, and the electrical cord to the machinery fixed with a breaker or other shut-off device to stop power in case of machine movement.

There must be a power shut-off switch within reach of the operator's position at each machine. Electrical power to each machine should be capable of being locked out for maintenance, repair or security. The non-current carrying metal parts of electrically operated machines must be bonded and grounded.

Foot-operated switches shall be guarded and/or arranged to prevent accidental actuation by personnel or falling objects. All manually operated valves and switches controlling the operation of equipment and machines must be clearly identified and readily accessible.

All EMERGENCY stop buttons must be colored RED. All the pulleys and belts that are within 7 feet of the floor or working level must be properly guarded. All moving chains and gears must be properly guarded. All splashguards mounted on machines that use coolant must be positioned to prevent coolant from splashing the employees.

Management should instruct each employee in the work area on the methods provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards created by the operation of a machine, such as;

nip points,

rotating parts,

flying chips and sparks.

The machinery guards must be secured and arranged so they do not present a hazard. All special hand tools used for placing and removing material must protect the operator's hands. All revolving drums, barrels and containers should be guarded by an enclosure that is interlocked with the drive mechanisms, so that revolution cannot occur unless the guard enclosure is in place. All arbors and mandrels must have firm and secure bearings and be free of play. A protective mechanism should be installed to prevent machines


from automatically starting when power is restored after a power failure or shutdown. If the machinery is cleaned with compressed air, the air must be pressure controlled and personal protective equipment or other safeguards used to protect operators and other workers from eye and bodily injury. All fan blades should be protected by a guard having openings no larger than 1/2 inch when operating within 7 feet of the floor.



PROTECCION DE MAQUINAS:

Introduccion Y NormasLa proteccion mecanica debe cercar ambas partes, las de la transmisión de fuerza de todo el equipo mecánico y los puntos de funcionamiento de las máquinas de producción.

Debe haber proteccion donde haya movimiento rotatorio, puntos de mordida, cortadoras, esquiladoras, punzadoras, y mecanismos formadores que puedan causar lesiónes al personal o que puedan hacer daño a las herramientas y el equipo.

Las protecciones de mecanica deberan ser disenadas o de otra manera cumplir con los siguientes requisitos:

La proteccion debera proporcionar protección positiva. La proteccion debera ser considerada una parte permanente de la máquina o

equipo, que se pueda quitar o reemplazar fácil o rápidamente. La proteccion no debe interferir con el funcionamiento eficaz, con el

mantenimiento de la máquina o dar incomodidad al operador. La proteccion no debe debilitar la estructura de la máquina. La proteccion debera ser diseñada para un trabajo específico y una máquina

específica. La proteccion debe ser durable, resistente al fuego y a la corrosión y fácilmente

reparada. La proteccion no deberá presentar peligros, como orillas rasposas, astillas, puntos

de pellizco, puntos de esquila, o esquinas afiladas.

Los metodos de proteccion que deben ser considerados incluyen lo siguiente: Encerrar el funcionamiento (de preferencia)

Entrelazar aparatos Barreras en movimiento Aparatos de traslado Control remoto Aparatos que se prenden con las dos manos Aparatos de seguridad electrónicos

GeneralAntes de echar a andar cualquier máquina, todo empleado debe de haber completado un programa de entrenamiento de métodos seguros del funcionamiento de esa máquina. La direccion tiene el papel de asegurarse de que los empleados esten siguiendo los procedimientos seguros de la operacion de maquina


Toda la maquinaria debe mantenerse limpia y mantenida adecuadamente. Debe haber suficiente espacio libre proporcionado alrededor y entre las máquinas para permitir los funcionamientos seguros, la preparacion, dar servicio, manejo de material y remover desperdicios.

Todo el equipo y la maquinaria deben colocarse firmemente, y anclarse cuando sea necesario, para prevenir que se ladeen u otro movimiento que podría producir lesión personal. Generalmente, la maquinaria debe atornillarse al suelo para prevenir la caída, y el cordón eléctrico de la maquinaria arreglado con un interruptor u otro aparato apagador para detener la corriente en caso del movimiento de la máquina.

Debe haber un apagador de corriente al alcance de la posición del operador en cada máquina. La corriente eléctrica a cada máquina debe poder cerrarse con llave para mantenimiento, reparación o seguridad. Las partes de metal que no transportan electricidad en las maquinas operadas por electricidad deben ser ligadas y conectarse con tierra.

Los interruptores que se operan con el pie deberan ser protegidos y/o arreglados para prevenir la activacion accidental por el personal u objetos cayentes. Todas las valvulas e interruptores operados manualmente que controlan la operacion de equipo y maquinaria deberan identificarse claramente y ser prontamente accesible.

Todos los botones de parada de EMERGENCIA deben ser de color ROJO. Todas las poleas y cinturones que esten dentro de 7 pies del suelo o a nivel activo deberan protegerse apropiadamente Toda las cadenas y engranes deben protegerse debidamente. Todos las protecciones de salpicadoras montadas en maquinas que usan liquido refrigerante deben acomodarse en una posicion que impida que el refrigerante salpique a los empleados.

La administracion debe instruir a cada empleado del área de trabajo en los métodos proporcionados para proteger al operador y a otros empleados en el área de la máquina, de los riesgos creados por el funcionamiento de una máquina, como;

los puntos del pellizco, partes rotatorias, astillas volantes y chispas.

Las protecciones de la maquinaria deben estar seguras y colocadas para que no presenten un riesgo. Toda la herramienta de mano especial usada para poner y quitar material, debe proteger las manos del operador. Todos los tambores, barriles y recipientes rotativos deben ser protegidos por un encerramiento entrelazado con los mecanismos de manejo, para que la revolución no pueda ocurrir a menos que la proteccion del encerramiento este en su lugar. Todos los ejes y mandriles deben tener apoyos firmes y seguros y deben estar libres de movimiento. Una proteccion de mechanismo debe ser instalada para prevenir que las maquinas se hechen a andar automaticamente cuando se restaure la elecricidad despues de una falla electrica o apagon. Si la maquinaria se limpia con aire comprimido, el aire debe ser de presión controlada y se debe usar equipo de


proteccion personal y otros resguardos para proteger a los operadores y otros trabajadores de lesiones de ojos y corporales. Todas las aspas de los abanicos deben ser protegidas por una proteccion que no tenga aperturas más grandes de 1/2 pulgada cuando esten funcionando dentro de 7 pies del suelo.



USING PORTABLE POWER TOOLS:

Portable power tools pose a special danger to employees because they are deceptively small and light, yet they can do great bodily harm if used improperly or poorly maintained. These rules apply to all power tools, but are especially important when handling portable saws, drills and power screwdrivers.

Check your equipment before you use it. All grinders, saws, and similar equipment should be equipped with appropriate safety guards. Power tools should not be used without the correct shield, guard, or attachment recommended by the manufacturer.

Portable circular saws must be equipped with guards above and below the base shoe. Circular saw guards should be checked periodically and before each use to assure they are not wedged up, thus leaving the lower portion of the blade unguarded.

All rotating or moving parts of equipment should be guarded to prevent physical contact. All cord-connected, electrically operated tools and equipment should be effectively grounded or of the approved double insulated type. Effective guards must be in place over belts, pulleys, chains, sprockets, on equipment such as concrete mixers, air compressors, etc. If portable fans are provided, they must be equipped with full guards or screens having openings 1/2 inch or less.

Power tools are either battery operated or wired. If battery operated, don't under-estimate their power. A small electric drill or power screwdriver can cause a severe injury if it lands in the wrong place. While not usually a shock hazard, the battery pack contains toxic chemicals and does emit a low voltage electric current. Don't drop or incinerate the batter pack, or a tool with a self-contained power source.

Hard-wired equipment can be portable or fixed. Typically used with extension cords, the more powerful hard-wired equipment presents a double safety problem: the actual equipment plus its electrical power source. Ground-fault circuit interrupters must be provided on all temporary electrical 15 and 20A (ampere) circuits used during periods of construction. Pneumatic and hydraulic hoses on power-operated tools should be checked regularly for deterioration or damage.

Finally, these simple reminders:

Always secure the object being worked on. Use the right tool and proper tool size for the task. Wear safety glasses. Work away from you – don’t try to set a screw while holding the object

against your leg or another part of the body.


COMPRESSED GAS AND CYLINDERS:

HazardsAll gases must be used in a manner that will not endanger personnel or property in routine shop use or experimental operations. Hazards associated with handling and use of flammable and/or high-pressure gases include the following:

Injuries caused by flying objects accelerated by an explosion or pressure release.

Asphyxiation (respiratory failure/ cannot breath).

Secondary accidents such as falls or electrical shocks.

Fire caused by ignition of flammable gases.

Relief Valves RequiredAll systems, system components, and piping subject to over-pressures must be equipped with relief devices.

Cylinders with a water weight capacity over 30 pounds must be equipped with means for connecting a valve protector device, or with a collar or recess to protect the valve.

Cylinders must be legibly marked to identify clearly the gas contained.

Compressed gas cylinders should be stored only in areas that are protected from external heat sources such as a flame, intense radiant heat, electric arcs or high temperature lines.

Cylinders must not be located or stored in areas where unauthorized persons will damage them by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering.

Cylinders must be stored or transported in a manner to prevent them from creating a hazard by tipping, falling or rolling.

All cylinders containing liquefied fuel gas must be stored or transported in a position so that the safety relief device is always in direct contact with the vapor space in the cylinder.

Valve protectors must always be placed on cylinders when the cylinders are not in use or connected for use.

All valves must be closed off before a cylinder is moved, when the cylinder is empty, and at the completion of each job.


Low-pressure fuel-gas cylinders must be checked periodically for corrosion, general distortion, cracks, or any other defect that might indicate a weakness or render them unfit for service. The periodic check of low-pressure fuel-gas cylinders includes a close inspection of the cylinder's bottom.

AcetyleneAcetylene is used principally with welding and cutting torches. Commercial acetylene gas is colorless and highly flammable with a distinctive garlic-like odor. Acetylene may decompose violently; therefore, acetylene is stored in acetone, which dissolves 300 times its volume of acetylene. Acetylene cylinders are filled with a porous filler material that holds the acetone. The combination of filler and acetone allows acetylene to be contained in cylinders at moderate pressures without danger of explosive decomposition.

CAUTION: When acetylene is withdrawn from its cylinder too rapidly, the gas cannot come out of solution fast enough, the downstream pressure drops, and liquid acetone is thrown out of the cylinder and may limit the flow of the pressure-reducing regulator.

The following precautions are recommended when working with acetylene:

To prevent flashbacks check valves are required in welding gas lines and at the welding/cutting torch. If the acetylene pressure drops, the oxygen pressure at the torch can push oxygen back up the acetylene line, where it can mix with acetylene and cause a flashback.

Copper must not be used in acetylene piping - copper forms an impact-sensitive copper acetylide.

NEVER use free acetylene gas outside the cylinder at pressures over 15 psi , it can decompose violently.

Acetylene cylinders should be used or stored only in an upright position to avoid the possibility of acetone leaking from the cylinder. If an acetylene cylinder has been stored horizontally, the cylinder should be put upright and left in that position for about 30 minutes before being used.

When cylinders are empty of acetylene, valves must be closed to prevent evaporation of the acetone.

Only the supplier may fill Acetylene cylinders.


WELDING, CUTTING AND BRAZING:

Only authorized and trained personnel should be permitted to use welding, cutting or brazing equipment. All operators must have a copy of the appropriate operating instructions and be expected to follow them.

Compressed gas cylinders should be regularly examined for obvious signs of defects, deep rusting, or leakage. Use care in handling and storing cylinders, safety valves, relief valves and the like, to prevent damage. Precautions must be taken to prevent mixture of air or oxygen with flammable gases, except at a burner or in a standard torch. Only approved apparatus (torches, regulators, pressure-reducing valves, acetylene generators, manifolds) may be used.

Cylinders must be kept away from sources of heat. It is prohibited to use cylinders as rollers or supports. Empty cylinders must be appropriately marked, their valves closed and valve-protection caps on.

Signs reading: "DANGER - NO SMOKING, MATCHES, OR OPEN LIGHTS," or equivalent must be posted. Cylinders, cylinder valves, couplings, regulators, hoses and apparatus must be kept free of oily or greasy substances. Care must be taken not to drop or strike cylinders.

Unless secured on special trucks, all regulators must be removed and valve-protection caps put in place before moving cylinders. All cylinders without fixed hand wheels must have keys, handles, or non-adjustable wrenches on stem valves when in service. Liquefied gases must be stored and shipped valve-end up with valve covers in place. Before a regulator is removed, the valve must be closed and gas released from the regulator. All employees need to be instructed never to crack a fuel-gas cylinder valve near sources of ignition. RED is used to identify the acetylene (and other fuel-gas) hose, GREEN for oxygen hose, and BLACK for inert gas and air hose. All pressure-reducing regulators must be used only for the gas and pressures for which they are intended.

The open circuit (No Load) voltage of arc welding and cutting machines must be as low as possible and not in excess of the recommended limits. Under wet conditions, automatic controls for reducing no-load voltage must be used. Grounding of the machine frame and safety ground connections of portable machines must be checked periodically. Electrodes must be removed from the holders when not in use. All electric power to the welder must be shut off when no one is in attendance.

Suitable fire extinguishing equipment must be available for immediate use before starting to ignite the welding torch. The welder is strictly forbidden to coil or loop welding electrode cable around his/her body.

All wet welding machines must be thoroughly dried and tested before being used. All work and electrode lead cables must be frequently inspected for wear and damage, and


replaced when needed. All connecting cable lengths must have adequate insulation. When the object to be welded cannot be moved and fire hazards cannot be removed, shields must be used to confine heat, sparks and slag.

Firewatchers must be assigned when welding or cutting is performed in locations where a serious fire might develop. All combustible floors must be kept wet, covered by damp sand, or protected by fire-resistant shields. When floors are wet down, personnel should be protected from possible electrical shock.

When welding is done on metal walls, precautions must be taken to protect combustibles on the other side. Before hot work is begun, used drums, barrels, tanks and other containers must be thoroughly cleaned so that no substances remain that could explode, ignite or produce toxic vapors. It is required that eye protection helmets, hand shields and goggles meet appropriate standards.

Employees exposed to the hazards created by welding, cutting or brazing operations must be protected with personal protective equipment and clothing. Check for adequate ventilation where welding or cutting is performed. When working in confined spaces, environmental monitoring tests must be taken and means provided for quick removal of welders in case of emergency.


SENIOR FARMERS AND SAFETY:

Between 1980 and 1992, 172 persons age 65 and older were killed in farm-related incidents in Pennsylvania. Many senior farmers are routinely exposed to the hazards of farm tractors and machinery, animals, confined spaces, chemicals, and other dangers.Although many senior farmers make some allowances for age-related reductions in physical strength, speed, agility, sight and hearing, many also resist the idea that they can no longer handle some routine work tasks.

Farm-Related Fatalities

The following table gives an overall picture of farm fatalities involving victims 65 years of age and older for the period 1980-1992.

Year Total Fatalities Victims Age 65 + Percentage Of Total1980 59 13 22.01981 66 10 15.21982 48 15 31.31983 37 5 13.51984 43 16 37.21985 47 16 34.01986 39 11 28.21987 46 16 33.31988 29 10 34.51989 33 10 30.31990 50 22 44.01991 32 14 43.81992 47 14 29.8Total 576 172 29.9

The following table contains farm fatalities by age group of senior farmers in 1980-1992.

Age Group Number Of Fatalities Percentage Of Total 65-69 47 27.3 70-74 52 30.2 75-79 32 18.6 80-84 28 16.3 85-89 9 5.2 90-94 3 1.7 95+ 1 0.7 Total 172 100.0

The following table contains farm fatalities by type of incident for senior farmers from 1980-1992.

Incident Type Number PercentageTractors 119 69.2Farm Machinery 13 7.6Animal 12 7.0Drowning 3 1.7Other 25 14.5Total 172 100.0

Information adapted from College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension, Pennsylvania State


SAFE USE OF ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES (ATVs) IN AGRICULTURE (FOR ADULTS):

All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) have become a fixture on farms and ranches. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission reports that in a recent year an estimated 90,000 individuals were treated for ATV-related injuries in hospital emergency rooms; nearly 10,000 were hospitalized and over 120 deaths were recorded. Nearly 50 percent of the injured persons and fatalities were less than 16 years of age. 20 percent of the fatalities were children under 12 years of age. A recent study indicated that 16.4 percent of all ATV accidents occurred on the farm, resulting in more than 20 fatalities annually on American farms. Clearly, the ATV can be a dangerous vehicle.

Dealerships do not automatically provide safety information to persons purchasing ATVs. Some dealerships provide safety information to persons purchasing ATVs free of charge. Another dealership doesn’t address the issue at the time of sale and if people want safety information it must be purchased.

ATV Operating Guidelines Riders should follow the operating procedures in the Owner’s Manual. Do not operate on public roads or carry passengers. Personal protective equipment that should be worn; helmet, face and eye

protection, boots, long pants and long-sleeved shirt or jacket, and gloves. Since ATVs are small and low to the ground, they’re not as visible

as larger vehicles. Lights, reflectors, and highly visible flags should be used so the ATV is easier to see.

Do not use alcohol or drugs while riding ATVs.

Accident SummaryA 52-year-old farmer died as a result of injuries sustained when his three-wheel ATV hit a rut in a pasture and he was thrown from the vehicle. The cause of death was a broken neck. At the time of the incident he was herding cattle.

A 41-year-old farmer was driving a four-wheel ATV back from the farm after going out to work on a disabled tractor. He was operating the ATV on a paved county road when a dog ran in front of him. He hit the dog, lost control of the ATV and it rolled several times. This was the only one of these six ATV fatalities that had witnesses and they said that tools from the victims toolbox, which was unsecured on the back of the ATV, struck the victim in the head. He sustained fatal head injuries.

Information adapted from Dennis J. Murphy, Professor, Agricultural Engineering, Pennsylvania State and Dr. William J. Becker, Professor and Extension Safety Specialist, University of Florida and Brit Todd,

Safety and Health Consultant, Colorado State University HI-CAHS


CHILD SAFETY IN AGRICULTURE:

Every year thousands of children and youth are injured in farm or ranch accidents. Many of these accidents result from children or youth being exposed to hazards they are unable to recognize and are unprepared to deal with, understand, or avoid. Physical and emotional maturity should play an important role in determining what tasks a child is capable of performing. Just because a child is big or strong for their age doesn’t mean that child is emotionally mature enough to handle certain tasks.

The following recommendations will help prevent accidents from occurring:

Don’t let children play on or near equipment or machinery, instead provide them with a designated play area.

Teach children, starting at an early age, that farm machinery is dangerous. Don’t allow children to ride on farm equipment. Lead by example, demonstrate through your actions that safety is important. Have children and youth attend farm safety day camps. Provide training on the tasks and equipment that they will be asked to perform or

operate when mature enough. Closely supervise youth until you’re certain that they are aware of the hazards.

The issue of when is a child or youth capable of being around or operating farm machinery is a difficult one. Children mature mentally and physically at different rates. Some children are more mechanically inclined than others.

Listed below are some questions to help determine if a child is ready for operating machinery:

Are they physically big and strong enough? Are they mentally and emotionally mature enough for the task? Do they understand how the machinery operates and its controls? Can they read and understand the safety instructions in the owner’s manual? Have they been trained? Do they have previous experience with similar equipment? Do they recognize potential hazards and know how to avoid them? Can they follow the safe practices? Could they handle an emergency situation?



LA SEGURIDAD DEL NINO EN LA AGRICULTURA:

Cada año miles de niños y jovecitos se lastiman en accidentes de terreno agricola o ranchos. Muchos de estos accidentes son el resultado de niños o jovencitos expuestos a peligros los cuales ellos son incapaces de reconocer y no estan preparados para tratar con ellos, entenderlos, o evitarlos. La madurez física y emocional debe jugar un papel importante en determinar qué tareas puede desempenar un niño. El hecho de que un niño sea grande o fuerte para su edad no significa que ese niño este emocionalmente maduro como para ocuparse de ciertas tareas.

Las siguientes recomendaciones ayudarán a prevenir los accidentes:

No le permita a los niños jugar en o cerca del equipo o maquinaria, mejor proporcióneles una área designada para jugar.

Enseñe a los niños, empezando a una temprana edad, que la maquinaria agricola es peligrosa.

No les permita a los niños pasear en equipo agricola. Lleve el ejemplo, demuestre a través de sus acciones que la seguridad es importante. Que los niños y jovencitos asistan a los campamentos de seguridad agricola. Proporcione entrenamiento en las tareas y equipo que se les pedirá realizar u operar

cuando esten suficientemente maduros. Supervise muy de cerca a los jovencitos hasta que esté seguro que estan conscientes

de los peligros.

El tema de discusion sobre cuando un niño o jovencito es capaz de estar alrededor u operar la maquinaria agricola es dificil. Los niños maduran a diferentes ritmos, fisica y mentalmente. Algunos niños son más inclinados mecánicamente que otros.

Abajo hay una lista de algunas preguntas para ayudar a determinar si un niño está listo para operar maquinaria:

¿Son físicamente grandes y suficientemente fuertes? ¿Estan fisica y emocionalmente lo suficientemente maduros para la tarea? ¿Entienden cómo funciona la maquinaria y sus controles? ¿Pueden leer y entender las instrucciones de seguridad en el manual del dueño? ¿Han sido entrenados? ¿Tienen experiencia previa con equipo similar? ¿Reconocen los peligros potenciales y saben como evitarlos? ¿Pueden seguir las prácticas seguras? ¿Podrían manejar una situación de emergencia?



SAFE USE OF ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES (ATVs) IN AGRICULTURE (FOR CHILDREN) :

All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) have become a fixture on farms and ranches. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission reports that in a recent year an estimated 90,000 individuals were treated for ATV-related injuries in hospital emergency rooms; nearly 10,000 were hospitalized and over 120 deaths were recorded. Nearly 50 percent of the injured persons and fatalities were less than 16 years of age. 20 percent of the fatalities were children under 12 years of age. A recent study indicated that 16.4 percent of all ATV accidents occurred on the farm, resulting in more than 20 fatalities annually on American farms. Clearly, the ATV can be a dangerous vehicle.

Dealerships do not automatically provide safety information to persons purchasing ATVs. Some dealerships provide safety information to persons purchasing ATVs free of charge. Another dealership doesn’t address the issue at the time of sale and if people want safety information it must be purchased.

Some ATV Operating Guidelines Are: Children between the ages of 12 and 15 often lack the physical

size to operate or control the machine. They should not operate adult-size (greater than 90cc) ATVs.

* Age * Engine Size6-11 50-60 cubic centimeter (cc)

12-15 70-90 cc16 and older 90+ cc

Do not operate on paved roads or carry passengers Personal protective equipment that should be worn; helmet, face and eye

protection, boots, long pants and long-sleeved shirt or jacket, and gloves. Since ATVs are small and low to the ground, they are not as

visible as larger vehicles. Lights, reflectors, and highly visible flags should be used so the ATV is easier to see.

Accident Summary A 9-year-old boy was riding an ATV around in a field while his father was

operating a tractor some distance away. A friend of the father was driving by and saw the ATV lying upside down in the field. He drove to the father and asked him who was operating the ATV. He told him it was his son and they went to check on him. When they got there the son was sitting up and said he felt fine. They decided to take him to the hospital anyway for a checkup. He died in his father’s arms on the way to the hospital from internal injuries.


Information adapted from Dennis J. Murphy, Professor, Agricultural Engineering, Pennsylvania

State and Dr. William J. Becker, Professor and Extension Safety Specialist, University of Florida

and Brit Todd, Safety and Health Consultant, Colorado State University HI-CAHSEXTRA RIDERS ON FARM EQUIPMENT:

The idea of carrying extra riders on farm equipment is controversial. There are safety risks. Even so, the practice is common and deeply embedded within farming’s heritage. Recently, farm equipment manufacturers have begun installing passenger seats on some farm machinery; most notably tractors and self-propelled machines like combines and forage harvesters. Providing a passenger seat on farm machinery responds to farms who choose not to follow the recommended safety practice of permitting no one but the operator on the machine. This fact sheet examines the extra rider issue.

Extra Rider Injury VictimsThe majority of extra rider victims in Pennsylvania are young children. In Pennsylvania between 1983 and 1993, there were 20 extra rider fatalities-17 involving children 14 years of age and under, with the youngest victim just one year old. Children between five and nine were the age group with the highest number of fatal injuries. In this age group are children who are: developing their motor skills; curious about operating machinery; and desire to be with adults. At this age, many parents feel that their child is now old enough to help with certain chores, and to ride on and/or operate farm equipment. In the table below it illustrates that young boys represent the majority of victims in extra rider injury incidents in Pennsylvania.

Age of Victim Number of Fatalities Male/Female Ratio 0-4 years 5 4/1 5-9 years 8 7/1 10-14 years 4 4/0 15+ years 3 3/0 Total 20 18/2

Incidences of riding extra on a tractor or other farm machinery may occur a dozen times during a typical work day or week and become as routine as daily livestock chores. Riding extra on a tractor or other farm equipment may not result in an injurious or unwanted event. In fact, just the opposite normally occurs: work is completed more quickly or conveniently; needed transportation is provided; job training is accomplished; or a babysitting problem is resolved. Thus, riding extra may be practiced at a young age, become deeply ingrained, and be passed on from generation to generation.



Information adapted from Dennis J. Murphy, Professor, Agricultural Engineering, and Sam Steel, Sr. Research Technologist, Agricultural Engineering, Pennsylvania State


PASAJEROS EXTRAS EN EL EQUIPO AGRICOLA:

La idea de llevar pasajeros extras en la maquinaria agricola es controversial. Hay riesgos de seguridad. Aunque, la práctica es común y profundamente encajada dentro de la herencia de cultivo. Recientemente, los fabricantes de equipo agricola han empezado a instalar asientos para pasajero en alguna maquinaria agricola; más notablemente en los tractores y maquinas auto-propulsadas como las segadora-trilladoras(combinadas) y segadoras de forraje. El proporcionar un asiento para pasajero en la maquinaria agricola le responde a los ranchos que escogen no seguir la seguridad de practica recomendada de no permitirle a nadie mas que al operador andar en la máquina. Esta hoja de hechos, examina el problema del pasajero extra.

Pasajeros Extras Victimas De LesionesLa mayoría de víctimas de pasajeros extras en Pennsylvania son niños jóvenes. En Pennsylvania entre 1983 y 1993, hubieron 20 fatalidades de pasajeros extras, 17 de ellos involucrando a niños de 14 años para abajo, con la víctima más joven de sólo un año. Los niños entre cinco y nueve fueron el grupo de edad con el número más alto de lesiones fatales. En este grupo de edad hay niños que están: desarrollando sus habilidades para el motor; curiosos de manejar la maquinaria; y desean estar con adultos. A esta edad, muchos padres creen que su niño ya tiene la suficiente edad para ayudar con ciertos quehaceres, y pasearse en y/o operar el equipo agricola. La tabla de abajo ilustra que los ninos jóvenes representan la mayoría de víctimas en incidentes de lesión al pasajero extra en Pennsylvania.

Edad de la Victima Numero de Fatalidades Proporcion Masculino/Femenino 0-4 anos 5 4/1 5-9 anos 8 7/1 10-14 anos 4 4/0 15+ anos 3 3/0 Total 20 18/2

Incidencias de andar extra en un tractor u otra maquinaria agricola pueden ocurrir una docena de veces durante un típico dia o semana de trabajo y hacerse tan rutinario como los quehaceres de ganado diarios. Andar extra en un tractor u otro equipo agricola pueda que no resulte ser un evento perjudicial o no deseado. De hecho, normalmente ocurre lo contrario: el trabajo se termina más rápida o convenientemente; el transporte necesario es proporcionado; se logra el entrenamiento de trabajo; o un problema de ninera se resuelve. De esta manera, pasear extra puede practicarse a una edad joven, inculcarse profundamente y pasarse de generación en generación.



La información se adaptó de Dennis J. Murphy, Profesor, Ingeniero Agrícola, y Sam Steel, Sr. Tecnólogo De Investigacion, Ingeniero Agrícola, El Estado de Pennsylvania


TRACTOR OVERTURN:

It takes a split second for a tractor to overturn. A rollover protective structure (ROPS) with a seat belt greatly reduces the risk of injury from an overturn. Each year, hundreds of people in the United States are killed in tractor accidents.

Major Causes For Tractors To Overturn

Driving too fast for conditions Running into obstructions, such as rocks, stumps, ditches or holes Turning corners too sharply, especially with a narrow front-end tractor Driving or turning too quickly on steep slopes Hitching above the normal drawbar height Operating with a heavy or shifting load in a front-end loader raised too high

Tips To Help Prevent Overturns

Don’t drive a tractor if you are overtired or ill. Check around the tractor before moving, and look around before turning or

changing direction. Don’t allow extra riders on a tractor. Always turn the tractor off after it has stopped. Operate a tractor with a ROPS and wear a seat belt. Slow down when turning corners. Stay as far away as possible from ditches and holes. Don’t drive near the edge of a gully, irrigation ditch or steep embankment. Don’t hitch above the normal drawbar height. Only hitch above the drawbar or other hitch points recommended by the tractor

manufacturer. Keep the front-end loader as low as possible when carrying a load. Always be alert for obstacles located in the drive path. Always use caution when driving in extreme environmental conditions, i.e. snow.


This material was excerpted with permission from Gempler’s, Inc. 1-800-382-8473


VOLCADURA DE UN TRACTOR:

Solo toma un segundo partido por la mitad para la volcadura de un tractor. Una estructura proteccionista de volcaduras (ROPS) con un cinturón de seguridad, reduce grandemente el riesgo de lesiónes en un volqueo. Cada año, cientos de personas en los Estados Unidos se matan en accidentes de tractor.

Las Causas Mayores Para que Los Tractores Se Volteen

Manejando demasiado rápido para las condiciones Topandose con obstrucciones, como piedras, cepas, zanjas u hoyos Dar vueltas muy agudas en las esquinas, sobre todo con un tractor angosto de

enfrente. Manejar o dar vuelta muy rapimente en cuestas empinadas Enganchar mas arriba de la altura normal del jalon Operar con una carga pesada o inestable, en una cargadora angosta de enfrente,

levantada demasiado alto

Puntos Para Ayudar A Prevenir Volcaduras

No maneje un tractor si esta demasiado fatigado o enfermo. Revise alrededor del tractor antes de moverse, y eche una mirada alrededor antes

de dar vuelta o cambiar de dirección. No admita pasajeros extras en el tractor. Siempre apague el tractor después de que se haya detenido. Opere un tractor con ROPS (estructura de proteccion de volcadura) y use el

cinturón de seguridad. Dele mas despacio cuando valla a dar vuelta en las esquinas. Mantengáse lo mas lejos que sea posible de las zanjas y hoyos. No maneje cerca del borde de una barranca, zanja de riego o terraplén empinado. No enganche mas arriba de la altura normal del jalon. Sólo enganche mas arriba del jalon u otros puntos de enganche, recomendados por

el fabricante del tractor. Mantenga la cargadora de enfrente lo mas baja que sea posible cuando lleve una

carga. Siempre esté alerta para obstáculos localizados en el camino. Siempre usa cuatela al manejar en condiciones medioambientales extremas, p.e. la

nieve.


Este material fue seleccionado con el permiso de Gempler, Inc. 1-800-382-8473


OPERATING A TRACTOR:

Although today's tractors are the safest ever, they are still involved in many agriculture accidents. Seatbelts, power take-off (PTO) shields, traveling lights and automatic hydraulic oil shut-off systems are standard on most new tractors. Rollover protective structure (ROPS), still not standard on all new tractors, are very effective in preventing fatalities during tractor rollover.

OSHA requires that employers provide employees with:

a standard rollover protection structure; a standard seat belt; protection from tractor fluid spillage; and protection from sharp surfaces.

Guidelines For Safe Tractor Operations

Be sure tractor is properly serviced. Check lubrication, fuel and water. It is best to check the radiator level when the tractor is cold. If it must be checked when hot, use extreme care.

Never refuel the tractor while the engine is running. Static electricity, a spark from the ignition system, or a hot exhaust may cause the fuel to ignite. Grounding the tractor by use of a ground wire or by dropping mounted equipment so it contacts the ground can reduce the static electricity problem.

Always fuel the tractor outside and store fuel outside and at least 40 feet from any building. Keep the area free of weeds or any other burnable material.

Carry a first aid kit and approved dry chemical extinguisher. Tractors should have at least a five (5)-pound extinguisher.

Be sure of good ventilation before starting the tractor engine. Exhaust gases contains carbon monoxide, which is odorless, colorless and deadly.

Reduce speed before turning. Doubling the speed of a farm tractor increases the danger of upsetting sideways four times.

Keep wheels spread wide whenever possible. A tractor will overturn sideways much easier if the wheels are close together.

Keep small children away from tractors. Tractors are designed to carry only one person - the driver.


Reduce speed when using a loader. A loader in the raised position can increase the possibility of an overturn. Keep the loader as close to the ground as possible. Be alert for ditches, rocks or holes that might cause the tractor to overturn. The center of gravity can be affected if the load is kept to high in the air.

Never hitch to the axle or other high point. Always hitch to the drawbar, slowly take up slack and never jerk on chains or cables. Broken part(s) of a chain can act like shrapnel, and a cable can cut the legs from under a person. Nylon ropes have killed tractor operators and bystanders when the rope broke away from an implement. The stored energy in the rope catapults the rope end into the victim. Tractors also can upset backwards when pushing, using a front-end loader, or when hitched to the front end by chains or cables that pass under the back axle. Keep the hitch as low as possible, preferably 17 inches. Never get above 21 inches.

Be extremely careful when driving up an incline. A tractor can upset if the center of gravity moves behind where the rear wheels are in contact with the ground. Try to back up the incline. If you get caught on a steep incline, back down very slowly and apply the brakes lightly. Weight on the front end of the tractor will help.

Disengage the power take-off (PTO) when it's not in use. Use the power shield whenever equipment is in use. If you do not have a PTO shield, make one -- it may save your life. Do not wear your hair or clothing loose while operating a tractor. Loose hair and clothing can catch on moving parts causing an accident. The PTO system is one of the most useful and most dangerous pieces of farm machinery.

Keep the tractor in gear when going down hill. This allows the tractor engine to serve as a brake. In some states it's unlawful to coast down a hill with the vehicle out of gear. Some tractors may have "free wheeling" in their transmission drive. Make sure this type of transmission is put in direct drive before attempting to use the engine as a brake.

Never attach a post or log to the rear wheels when the tractor is stuck in the mud. If the wheels are not free to turn, the tractor can pivot around the axle and upset. Try to back out. If this does not work, get another tractor to pull the disabled tractor.

The tractor operator must follow all traffic rules on open roads. This includes proper lighting, hand signals, right-of-way, etc. Slow Moving Vehicle signs must be attached to tractor and equipment when traveling public roads. Tractors are restricted from using interstate highways.

Employee’s Signature: _________________________ Date: ____________________


OPERANDO UN TRACTOR:

Aunque los tractores de hoy son más seguros que nunca, todavía están envueltos en muchos accidentes de agricultura. Cinturones de seguridad, proteccion del despegue de fuerza (PTO), luces para viajar y sistemas de apagar automaticos de aceite hidraulico, son normales en la mayoría de los tractores nuevos. La estructura proteccionista de volcaduras (ROPS), que todavía no es normal en todos los tractores nuevos, es muy eficaz para prevenir las fatalidades durante el volcamiento del tractor.

OSHA requiere que los patrones le proporcionen a los empleados:

Una estructura normal de protección de volcadura; un cinturón de seguridad normal; Protección del derramamiento de fluido del tractor; y Protección de superficies afiladas.

Guias Para El Funcionamiento Seguro del Tractor

Asegurese de que el tractor se repare adecuadamente. Revise la lubricación, combustible y agua. Es mejor verificar el nivel del radiador cuando el tractor está frío. Si se tiene que revisar cuando este caliente, tenga mucho cuidado.

Nunca le ponga combustible al tractor mientras el motor está andando. Electricidad estática, una chispa del sistema de ignición, o una descarga caliente puede causar que el combustible se encienda. Pasarle tierra al tractor por medio del uso de un alambre de tierra o bajar el equipo montado para que tenga contacto con la tierra puede reducir el problema de electricidad estática.

Siempre pongale combustible al tractor afuera y almacene el combustible afuera y por lo menos a 40 pies de cualquier edificio. Mantenga el área libre de hierbas o cualquier otro material que pueda arder.

Lleve un equipo de primeros auxilios y extintor de químico seco aprovado. Los tractores deben traer un extintor de por lo menos cinco ( 5)-libras.

Asegurese de que haya buena ventilación antes de echar a andar el motor del tractor. Los gases de escape contienen monóxido de carbono, el cual es inoloro, incoloro y mortal.

Reduzca la velocidad antes de dar vuelta. Doblar la velocidad de un tractor agricola aumenta cuatro veces el peligro de voltearse.

Mantenga las llantas extendidas siempre que sea posible. El tractor se volcará más fácil si las llantas estan juntas.

Mantenga a los niños pequeños lejos de los tractores. Los tractores estan diseñados para llevar a a una sola persona - el chofer.

Reduzca la velocidad cuando use una cargadora. Una cargadora en posición levantada puede aumentar la posibilidad de un vuelco. Mantenga la cargadora tan cerca de la tierra como sea posible. Esté alerta de las zanjas, piedras u hoyos que

podrían causar la volcadura del tractor. El centro de gravedad puede ser afectado


si la carga se mantiene demasiado alta. Nunca enganche del eje u otro punto alto. Siempre enganche del jalon, jale

despacio hasta estirar la cadena o cable y nunca jalonee repentinamente las cadenas o cables. Las partes rotas de una cadena puede actuar como cartucho y un cable puede cortarle las piernas a una persona. Las sogas para jalar han matado a operadores del tractor y espectadores cuando la soga se rebentó de la maquina. Energía guardada en la soga expulsa el extremo de la soga contra la víctima. Los tractores también pueden volcarse para atras al empujar, al usar una cargadora de enfrente o cuando se engancha de enfrente por cadenas o cables que pasan por abajo del eje de atras. Manten el ganchador tan bajo como sea posible, preferiblemente 17 pulgadas. Nunca te pases de 21 pulgadas.

Sea sumamente cuidadoso al subir una cuesta. Un tractor puede volcarse si el centro de gravedad se mueve para atras donde las llantas traseras estan en contacto con la tierra. Intente subir la cuesta de reversa. Si te encuentras en una cuesta empinada, regresate muy lentamente y aplica los frenos ligeramente. Peso en el extremo delantero del tractor ayudará.

Desencaja el despegue de fuerza (PTO) cuando no está usandose. Use el escudo de fuerza siempre que el equipo esté usandose. Si usted no tiene un escudo de PTO, haga uno--puede salvarle la vida. No lleve su pelo o ropa suelta mientras opera un tractor. El pelo y ropa suelta pueden tramparse en alguna parte en movimiento y causarle un accidente. El sistema de PTO es uno de los más útiles y mas peligroso de las piezas de maquinaria agricola.

Mantenga el tractor en cambio al bajar la colina. Esto permite que el motor del tractor sirva como un freno. En algunos estados es ilegal bajar una colina con el vehículo fuera de cambio. Algunos tractores pueden tener "rodada libre" en la caja de velocidades de la transmisión. Asegúrese de que este tipo de transmisión se ponga en transmision directa antes de intentar usar el motor como un freno.

Nunca ate un poste o tronco a las ruedas traseras cuando el tractor este atascado en el soquete. Si las llantas no estan libres para girar, el tractor puede girar sobre un eje y volcarse. Trate de salir de reversa. Si esto no trabaja, consiga otro tractor para jalar el tractor atascado.

El operador del tractor debe seguir todas las reglas de tráfico en los caminos publicos. Esto incluye luz apropiada, senales de mano, derecho-de-camino, etc. Letreros de Vehiculos en Movimiento Lento deben pegarse en el tractor y equipo cuando se viaja en caminos públicos. Los tractores tienen prohibido usar las carreteras interestatales.

Firma del Empleado: _________________________ Fecha: ___________________


LOADER OPERATOR:

The basic responsibility of the loader operator is to keep ensilage and/or other roughages available, clean pens, etc.

Special Problems

Avoid overfilling ensilage box. Too much weight can cause broken auger or equipment failure.

Avoid overheating the engine. Blow out radiator frequently to keep the engine from overheating. Avoid radiator fluid contact on skin.

Prevent ensilage from falling on loader when digging ensilage out of pit. Do not undermine the silage. Keep the working front uniform with no overhangs.

Specific Maintenance Practices

Housekeeping duties include keeping commodities areas clean. Keep accurate records of all maintenance activities. Keep the loader clean. Responsible for the general maintenance of the loader - fueling and lubrication. Keep the area around the box / engine free of debris and residue feed.

Protective Equipment

A fire extinguisher and a first aid kit shall be located on the loader. Dust masks, headwear, eyewear, and hearing protection shall be worn when

conditions warrant their use. Use N95 dust masks for extreme conditions.

Safety Rules And Regulations

Do not jump from the loader, use steps to get in and out. During operation, loader bucket must be carried as low as possible. Operator shall use seatbelt when operating loader. No riders in loader bucket or on sides of loader. Bucket and all implements must be lowered to ground level when not in operation.

Employee’s Signature: ________________________ Date: ____________________


OPERADOR DE CARGADORA:

La responsabilidad básica del operador de la cargadora es mantener ensilaje y/o otros alimentos asperos disponibles, limpiar corrales, etc.

Problemas Especiales

Evita sobrellenar la caja de ensilaje. Demasiado peso puede causar que se quiebre el gusano o que falle el equipo.

Evite recalentar el motor. Sople frecuentemente el radiador para impedir que el motor se recaliente. Evite el contacto del liquido del radiador con la piel.

Impida que le caiga ensilage a la cargadora al excavar el ensilaje del hoyo. No socavar en el forraje. Mantenga el frente parejo--que no sobresalga por encima.

Prácticas de Mantenimiento Específicas

Los deberes de mantenimiento incluyen mantener las areas de mercancia limpias. Mantener archivos exactos de todas las actividades de mantenimiento. Mantener la cargadora limpia. Responsable del mantenimiento general de la cargadora - poner combustible y

lubricar. Mantener el área alrededor de la caja / motor libre de escombro y residuos de

alimento.The basic responsibility of the loader operator is to keep ensilage and/or other roughages available, clean pens, etc.

Equipo Proteccionista

Un extintor de incendios y un equipo de primeros auxilios debe colocarse en la cargadora.

Máscaras de polvo, cubre-cabezas, gafas, y protección de oídos deberá usarse cuando la condicion lo amerite. Use la mascara para polro N95 en condiciones extremas.

Reglas de Seguridad Y Regulaciones

No brinque de la cargadora, use los escalones para subir y bajar. Durante el funcionamiento, la pala de la cargadora debe llevarse tan baja como sea

posible. El Operador deberá usar el cinturon de seguridad al operar la cargadora. Ningún pasajero en la pala de la cargadora o en los lados de la cargadora. La pala y todos los instrumentos deben bajarse anivelados con la tierra cuando no

esten en funcionamiento.

Firma del Empleado: ________________________ Fecha: ____________________


VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT OPERATORS:

Operators of company vehicles and equipment should be safe drivers. The operation of mobile equipment is essential to the continuous service we offer. Safe driving is just as important as performing a job skillfully. These safe practices shall be followed:

All company drivers, passengers, and equipment operators shall wear properly adjusted seat belts.

All operators shall test the brakes and steering of vehicles before operating the vehicles.

Buckets shall be lowered to ground level when vehicle is parked. Company drivers shall be responsible for the care, maintenance, and appearance of

their vehicles and equipment. Crew members are not to ride on the sides of equipment, loader steps, or buckets at

any time. Employees shall not ride on any moving equipment unless a permanent seat is

provided. No part of the employee’s body shall be extended beyond the edge of the vehicle.

No concealed firearms are allowed in company vehicles. No person, whether on duty or not, shall operate a company vehicle while under

the influence of a drug or alcohol. Only authorized personnel shall drive company vehicles. (Driving records could be

obtained on individuals). Only the driver and two other employees shall ride in the cab of trucks, except

where an oversize cab is provided or in an emergency. Operators of company vehicles shall have a valid driver’s license in their

possession. Operators shall report to their supervisor in the event of loss of driver license

and/or citation for DUI. Proper tire pressure, specified by manufacturer, shall be kept in all company

vehicles and equipment. Racing with other drivers will not be tolerated. The driver of every company vehicle shall make frequent inspection of the wheels,

brakes, tires, back-up beepers, and lighting equipment. Defective parts or equipment shall be repaired immediately. (Keep hard to find spare parts on hand to avoid use of defective equipment.)

Trailers being towed shall be securely coupled to the vehicle and joined by safety chains or cables with lights operational.

When fueling engine is to be turned off, use proper fuel, avoid spilling, and absolutely “NO SMOKING” is allowed.



OPERADORES DE VEHICULOS Y MAQUINARA:

Operadores de vehículos y maquinaria de la compañía deben ser choferes seguros. El funcionamiento de equipo móvil es esencial al servicio continuo que nosotros ofrecemos. Manejar con seguridad es tan importante como realizar un trabajo hábilmente. Estas prácticas seguras deberan seguirse:

Todos los choferes de la compañía, pasajeros y operadores de equipo deberán usar los cinturones de seguridad debidamente ajustados.

Todos los operadores revisarán los frenos y el sistema de movimiento de los vehículos antes de operar los vehiculos.

Las palas deberán bajarse al nivel de la tierra cuando el vehículo este estacionado. Los choferes de la companía serán responsables del cuidado, mantenimiento, y

apariencia de sus vehículos y equipo. Los miembros de la cuadrilla no deben pasear en los lados de la maquinaria,

escalones o pala de la cargadora, en ningun momento. Los empleados no deberán pasear en ninguna maquinaria en movimiento a menos

que un asiento permanente sea proporcionado. Ninguna parte del cuerpo del empleado deberá extenderse más allá de la orilla del vehículo.

No se permite ninguna arma de fuego escondida en los vehículos de la compañía. Ninguna persona, ya sea que este en servicio o no, deberá operar un vehículo de la

companía mientras este bajo la influencia del alcohol o droga. Solamente el personal autorizado manejará los vehículos de la companía. (Podrían

obtenerse los records de conducir de los individuos). Sólo el chofer y otros dos otros empleados podran andar en la cabina de las trocas,

excepto dónde una cabina de sobretamaño se proporciona o en una emergencia. Operadores de vehículos de la companía deberán tener una licencia valida para

manejar en su posesion).

Operadores deberán reportarse con su supervisor en caso de la pérdida de licencia de manejar y/o citacion por DUI.(manejar bajo la influencia de:)

La presión de llantas apropiada, especificada por el fabricante, debera mantenerse en todos los vehículos y maquinaria de la companía.

Jugar carreras con otros choferes no se tolerará. El chofer de cada vehículo de la companía hará inspección frecuente de las llantas,

frenos, llantas, alarmas para reversear y equipo de alumbramiento. Las partes o maquinaria defectuosas deberan repararse inmediatamente. (Mantenga repuestos disponibles de partes difíciles de encontrar para evitar el uso de equipo defectivo.)

Trailas remolcadas deberan estar bien enganchadas al vehiculo y unidas por cadenas o cables de seguridad con luces operacionales.

Cuando este poniendo combustible el motor debera apagarse, use el combustible apropiado, evite derrames, y absolutamente “NO SE PERMITE FUMAR” .



SAFE LIFTING TECHNIQUE:

Statistics reveal that about 31% of all workers’ compensation cases are related to back injuries. Lifting and carrying must be performed correctly, or you could seriously injure your back. It is one part of the body that can never return to its former condition after an injury, because repairs are rarely 100 percent effective. Being healthy overall is important, but it is also important to warm up your muscles before lifting. Please apply these lifting guidelines to your everyday activities to reduce the chance of a back injury.

Proper Lifting Lift objects with legs and not the back

Avoid lifting higher than your shoulder

Carry heavy objects close to the body and use two hands

When changing direction while carrying an object, turn with your feet, not by twisting at the waist

Use a dolly, cart or forklift for moving heavy or bulky objects

Avoid unnecessary bending

Lift gradually – avoid jerky movements

Keep in good physical shape

Warm up before lifting or pushing / pulling

Do Not Bend at the waist to lift

Twist and lift

Lift with one hand

Lift loads across obstacles (tailgate, etc.)

Lift while reaching or stretching

Lift before warming up

Employee’s Signature: ____________________________ Date: __________________TECNICA SEGURA DE LEVANTAMIENTO:


Las estadísticas revelan que aproximadamente el 31% de todos los casos de compesasion de trabajadores estan relacionados con lesiones de la espalda. Levantar y acarrear deben realizarse correctamente, o podría dañarse la espalda seriamente. La espalda es una parte del cuerpo que nunca puede volver a ser la misma después de una lesión, porque las reparaciones raramente son 100 porciento eficaces. Estar saludable en general es importante, pero también es importante calentar sus músculos antes de levantar algo. Por favor aplique estas guias de levantamiento a sus actividades cotidianas para reducir la posibilidad de una lesión a la espalda.

Levantamiento Apropiado Levante los objetos con las piernas y no con la espalda

Evite levantar mas arriba que sus hombres

Cargue los objetos pesados cerca del cuerpo y use dos manos

Cuando cambie de dirección mientras carga un objeto, voltee con sus pies, no torciendo la cintura,

Use un diablo, carreta o montacargas pora mover los objetos pesados o voluminosos

Evite agacharse innecesariamente

Levante gradualmente - evite movimientos repentinos

Mantengase en buena condicion fisica

Calientese antes de levantar o empujar / jalar

No Se doble de la cintura para levantar algo

Se tuersa y levante

Levante con una mano

Levante cargas por encima de los obstáculos (puerta de la caja de la troca, etc.)

Levante mientras esta alcanzando o mientras este estirado

Levante antes de calentarse


LADDERS:


What goes up must come down. And how you come down from a ladder makes quite a difference. Check ladders each and every time before you climb. An estimated 300 to 400 persons are killed and about 30,000 to 40,000 suffer disabling injuries each year in the U.S. in ladder accidents. Ladders should be maintained in good condition:

Joints between steps and side rails should be tight.

Hardware and fittings securely attached.

Movable parts operate freely without binding or undue play.

Ladders not in good condition should be thrown away.

Be careful when you climb a ladder. Do not use the top step on ordinary stepladders as a step. When portable rung ladders are used to gain access to elevated platforms, roofs, etc., the ladder must always extend at least 3 feet above the elevated surface. Face the ladder when ascending or descending.

It is required that when portable rung or cleat type ladders are used, the base must be placed so that slipping will not occur, unless it is lashed or otherwise held in place.

All portable metal ladders must be legibly marked with signs reading:

"CAUTION - Do Not Use Around Electrical Equipment."

Employees are prohibited from using ladders as guys, braces, skids, gin poles, or for other than their intended purposes. Only adjust extension ladders while standing at the base (not while standing on the ladder or from a position above the ladder). Metal ladders should be inspected for tears and signs of corrosion. Rungs of ladders should be uniformly spaced at 12 inches, center to center.



ESCALERAS:

Todo lo que sube tiene que bajar. Y cómo bajas de una escalera hace la diferencia. Revise las escaleras todo el tiempo y cada vez antes de subir. Un promedio de 300 a 400 personas se matan y aproximadamente de 30,000 a 40,000 sufren lesiones de incapacitacion cada año en E.U en accidentes de escaleras. Las escaleras deben mantenerse en buenas condiciones:

Las conexiones entre los escalones y las barras laterales deben estar firmes.

Las piezas de metal y los ajustes atados firmemente.

Que las partes movibles operen libremente sin atrancarse o muy flojas.

Las escaleras que no estan en buenas condiciones deberan tirarse.

Tenga cuidado cuando suba una escalera. No use el escalon de encima como escalon en las escaleras ordinarias. Cuando se usan escaleras portátiles para tener acceso a plataformas elevadas, techos, etc., la escalera siempre debera extenderse por lo menos 3 pies mas arriba de la superficie elevada. Cuando este subiendo o bajando la escalera valla de frente.

Se requiere que cuando se use una escalera portátil o escaleras con escalones antiderrapantes, la base debe colocarse de modo que no se resbale, a menos que este atada o sostenida en su lugar de otro modo.

Todas las escaleras de metal portátiles deben marcarse legiblemente con letreros que digan:

"CUIDADO - No Usarse Alrededor de Equipo Eléctrico."

Se les prohibe a los empleados usar las escaleras como soga de guia, soportes, resbaladeros, poste de andamio, o para otra cosa que no sea el propósito intensionado. Sólo ajuste las escaleras de extensión cuando este en la base (no mientras este parado en la escalera o desde una posición de arriba de la escalera). Las escaleras de metal deben revisarse que no tengan rasgaduras y para señales de corrosión. Los escalones redondeados de las escaleras deberan estar espaciados uniformemente a 12 pulgadas, de centro a centro.



CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM:

Government regulations establish a strict permit entry procedure designed to reduce confined space injuries and death. Employers should identify areas that meet the definition of a confined space and permit required confined space (i.e. bins, silos, tanks, manure pits, etc.). No one is to enter a permit required confined space unless a permit has been issued the day work is to be done. Whenever possible, do not enter confined spaces.

Confined Space Definitions

A confined space is defined as a space that:

Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter and perform assigned tasks; and

Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (e.g., tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits); and

Is not designed for continuous occupancy.

A Permit Required Confined Space (Permit Space) has one or more of the following characteristics:

Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, i.e. not enough oxygen or dangerous amounts of toxic gas;

Contains a material that can engulf an entrant, e.g. grain; Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated

by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or

Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard, e.g. moving blades.

Entry to these spaces must be rigorously controlled to prevent serious injury or death.

Permit Process

A supervisor or foreman initiates the permit process by filling in the location and description of the confined space to be entered on the "Confined Entry Permit". The purpose of the work is stated and the name of the person in charge of the work. In addition, results of any atmospheric tests are listed and lockout/tagout procedures to be followed.


Prior to Entry

Before entry into a confined space;1. All impellers, agitators, or other moving equipment contained in the confined

space are turned off and locked-out.2. Ventilation must be either naturally or mechanically supplied to the confined

space.3. All pipes / ducts that carry hazardous or corrosive substances that contain inert,

toxic, flammable or corrosive materials must be turned off, blanked, disconnected and separated.

4. Atmospheric tests, by indicator tube or a real time indicator device, should be performed to check for oxygen content, toxicity and explosive concentration.

5. Atmospheric tests must be performed on a regular basis in a confined area where entry is required.

6. The area must also be checked for decaying vegetation or animal matter that could produce methane.

7. Provide adequate lighting in the space.8. If motor vehicles are operating near the confined space, care must be taken that

vehicle exhaust or carbon monoxide does not enter the space.9. Stage rescue equipment.

Confined Space Entry

When personnel enter a confined area;1. Assigned Attendant and Standby personnel shall be in the area. These are workers

familiar with the confined space task and are able to sound an alarm and render assistance if necessary.

2. Standby personnel should be in teams of two while a worker is in the space.3. Attendant and Standby personnel are trained to assist in handling lifelines,

respiratory equipment, CPR, first aid, and are able to use rescue equipment to remove workers in the confined space.

4. Keep an eye on the confined space worker at all times. If this is not feasible, establish a procedure for periodic voice checks.

5. Establish a fast way to get back-up help and emergency response if the person in the space needs help.

Attendant

An Attendant shall be stationed outside any confined space while an Entrant(s) is inside, and shall be continuously in visual or verbal communication with the Entrant(s). The Attendant is to be trained in Confined Space Entry and is required to have, at all times while on duty, applicable protective clothing. During the pre-work orientation session the Entry Supervisor shall communicate to the Attendant at a prearranged procedure fornotifying and summoning emergency aid from Standby personnel and emergency response teams (eg. 911 responders).


While workers are in a confined space, the Attendant shall have, but not be limited to the following duties:

Continuously maintain an accurate count of all persons in the confined space. Ensure that all precautions and conditions of the confined space permit have been met

prior to entry and while work is performed in the confined space. Ensure that all tools and equipment used in and around the confined space meet the

approved operation standard and are not being used in a manner that can pose a hazard to the workers inside the confined space.

Inspect safety/rescue equipment to be used in the entry to ensure it is in proper working condition.

Provide standby assistance to personnel entering the confined space. Warn unauthorized persons not to enter the confined space and advise the Entry

Supervisor if this happens. Remain at the confined space entry point unless relieved by an equally qualified

Attendant. Monitor for any conditions or changes that could adversely affect the entry, including

air monitoring if needed. Maintain capability of constant visual or audible communication with the confined

space entrant(s). Require personnel to exit the confined space when any signs of irregularities are

observed, including abnormal behavior of the entrant(s). Initiate evacuation and emergency procedures when you:

observe a condition which is not allowed in the entry permit, detect behavioral effects of hazard exposure, detect an uncontrollable hazard within the permit space, must leave the workstation and cannot be replaced by a qualified person.

In the event of an emergency the Attendant will demand that all workers within the confined space who are not involved with the emergency or rescue exit the area, then call for outside assistance. Assistance is provided by on-site Standby personnel and outside emergency response teams (eg. 911 responders)

In Case of Emergency Call:

Once assistance is on the way, the Attendant will start established emergency rescue procedures. However, Attendant will not enter the confined space until Standby personnel have arrived.


Hot Work in a Confined Space

When equipment that uses oxygen is in a confined space, such as salamanders, torches or furnaces, ensure the following actions are taken;

1. Adequate ventilation is provided to guarantee fresh air.2. Adequate exhaust ventilation is provided to assure that combustion gases are

vented outside the work area.3. Hoses from compressed gas cylinders are checked for leaks before being used in

the confined space.4. Compressed gas cylinders are kept outside the confined area and torches are lit

outside.5. The atmosphere must be tested each time before lighting a torch to ensure no

flammable gases are present.

Hazardous Conditions

Atmospheres containing less than 19.5% oxygen (normal air contains 20.9% oxygen). This is usually the result of oxygen displacement by other gases, such as carbon dioxide.

Atmospheres containing flammable gases and vapors (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, gasoline, and alcohol).

Atmospheres containing toxic gases and vapors (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide).

Hazard Prevention

The risk of a worker being injured in a confined space can be minimized by: Shutting down mechanized systems affecting the confined space. Ensuring good ventilation of the space and low concentrations of dangerous gases. Providing respirators and rescue equipment when the hazards can not be completely

eliminated other ways. Installing monitoring devices, audible alarms, warning lights, and instructional signs

when there is a potentially oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

Summary

Before entering a confined space the steps listed below shall be followed:1. An entry permit is issued 4. Protective equipment is worn2. Air quality is tested 5. Maintain communication3. Isolate space from supply lines 6. Station one person outside space

Additional Information regarding confined space can be located at www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf115.htm.



CONFINED SPACE PROGRAMPRE-ENTRY CHECKLIST:

DirectionsThis pre-entry checklist is to be conducted by management prior to any permit-required work being performed in or around confined spaces. This form is to be signed and returned to the permit issuer by management after all the work has been completed.

Pre-entry Permit Form has been received and posted. Atmospheric tests have been performed. (Results are to be listed on Entry Permit

Form).

Atmospheric Test ConductedLower Explosive Limits (LEL) Test (10% LEL maximum acceptable conditions)Oxygen Level Test(19.5% LPL lowest acceptable conditions)Toxic Material Test(See ENTRY PERMIT Form for Toxin List)(See MSDS for UEL maximum acceptable conditions)

Vessel has been purged of contents and flushed?

Vessel Was Purged By(List Actions Taken)

The confined space is ventilated.

Vessel Was Ventilated By(List Actions Taken)


Personal/fire protection equipment to be used is in place and functional.

Personal / Fire / Rescue Protective Equipment Required(Check equipment needed for entry)

Hard Hat Splash Boots Attendant (standby)

Full Face Respirator Splash Overalls Fire Extinguisher

Standby S.C.B.A Life Lines Air Supplied Respirator

Gloves Splash Shield Tip Pod/Rescue Equipment

Safety Glasses or Goggles

Communication Equipment

Body Harness

Personnel assignments have been made. (See Entry Permit Form for personnel assignments).

All "work equipment" in place and functional.

Atmospheric monitoring to be performed while work is in progress?Yes____ No____. (Required during Hot work). How often?

Communication method between Standby and Entrants in place?

Communication Method To Be Used

Emergency/rescue communication plan functional. Phone number of emergency rescue team (911 or other), plus written directions to the work location. (This facilitates clear communication with 911 in crisis situation.)

Emergency Response Contact


CONFINED SPACE PROGRAMPOST-ENTRY CHECKLIST:

All "work equipment" removed from confined space.

(Any repairs needed?) List: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

All personnel out of confined space.

Lockout/Tagout removed and equipment operational.

Doors and vents of confined space returned to normal operation.

Personal protective equipment and fire fighting equipment cleaned and inspected.(Any repairs needed?) List: ______________________________________________

Permit Issuer notified of work completion by return of Entry Permit.

Signature: (To be signed after On-Site Pre-Entry Meeting and returned with Entry

Permit after work completion).

On-Site Job

Supervisor:

Signature:

Representing Job Location

Date/Time Time of Pre-Entry Meeting


GRAIN BIN SAFETY:

Storage and handling of a large volume of grain or feed on farms is common in many areas. Automated equipment has made handling of grain much easier and faster. However, the storage structures and handling equipment create hazardous work areas. Grain stored in the bin can become clogged or hide small air pockets that, when released, can quickly bury a person and lead to suffocation. Farm workers should make sure they take the proper steps to put safety first to prevent injuries, illnesses and even death.

Suggestions Label grain bins to warn of the hazards of entrapment.

Lock entrances to grain handling areas to keep bystanders and children out.

Install ladders inside bins.

Do not enter grain bins that are being loaded or unloaded. Flowing grain can trap and suffocate you in seconds.

If it is necessary to enter a bin, shut off and lock out power before entering. Use a safety harness and a safety line. Have several people located outside who can lift the person out of the bin.

Wear approved hearing protection when working around noisy equipment, aeration fans, dryers, etc.

Be very cautious of grain that may have gone out of condition. Crusted grain may have cavities beneath the surface that can collapse leading to entrapment and suffocation. Never stand on top of the crusted grain stay above it in the bin at all times and break up surface crusts of grain from outside the bin.



SEGURIDAD EN EL GRANERO:El almacenamiento y manejo de un volumen grande de grano o alimento en las granjas es común en muchas áreas. El equipo automatizado ha hecho el manejo de grano mucho más fácil y más rápido. Sin embargo, las estructuras del almacenamiento y los equipos de manejo crean áreas de trabajo peligrosas. Grano guardado en el granero puede obstaculizarse o esconder bolsillos de aire pequeños que, cuando se sueltan, puede enterrar a una persona rápidamente y sofocarlo. Los trabajadores de la granja deben asegurarse de tomar los pasos apropiados para poner la seguridad primero para prevenir lesiones, enfermedades y hasta la muerte.

Sugerencias Etiquete los graneros para advertir de los riesgos de quedar atrapado.

Atranque las entradas a las áreas de manejo de grano para mantener fuera a los espectadores y a los niños.

Instale escaleras adentro de los graneros.

No entre en los graneros que están siendo cargados o descargados. El grano que esta fluyendo puede atraparlo y sofocarlo en segundos.

Si es necesario entrar al granero, apague y cierre con llave la electricidad antes de entrar. Decida quién entrará en el granero y quién servirá como personal de rescate. Decida cómo se llevara a cabo la comunicación. Use una guarnición de seguridad y una línea de seguridad. Tenga varias personas localizadas afuera que puedan levantar a la persona para sacarla del granero.

Prenda la ventilación (es) y opérelas durante por lo menos una hora. Salga del granero cada 30 minutos para refrescarse y tomar agua fresca.

Use los respiradores al trabajar en y alrededor de áreas de manejo de grano. Los trabajadores que entran en el granero deben ponerse una mascara de polvo N95 y usar protección de ojos. Siempre salga del granero para agarrar una máscara nueva. Cantidades altas de polvo y moho podrían estar presentes y son sumamente peligrosos. Busque señales de crecimiento bacteriano o fungino dentro del granero. Su presencia pueda sugerir la necesidad de monitorear el carbono monóxido.

Use protección de oídos aprobados al trabajar alrededor de equipo ruidoso, aeración abanica, secadores, etc.,

Tenga mucho cuidado con grano que pueda estar en malas condiciones. El grano encostrado puede tener cavidades (áreas huecas) abajo de la superficie que puede derrumbarse - llevando al atrapamiento y sofocación. Nunca se pare en grano encostrado, manténgase por arriba de el, en el granero en todo momento y rompa las costras de grano de la superficie desde afuera del granero.

Busque señales de crecimiento bacteriano o fungino dentro del granero. Su presencia pueda

sugerir la necesidad de monitorear el carbono monóxido.



GRAIN HANDLING FACILITIES:

GeneralGrain handling facilities have a specific set of required standards (OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.272) that must be followed. The standard contains requirements for new and existing grain handling facilities. The standard does not apply to seed plants that handle and prepare seeds for planting of future crops, nor to on-farm storage or feedlots. However, this information can be very useful in developing safe workplace procedures and practices to follow and it is suggested that the standard be complied with in order to meet the OSHA requirement of a safe work place.

Grate OpeningsGrates must cover receiving pit feed openings, such as truck or rail car receiving pits. The width of openings in the grates shall be a maximum of two and one-half inches (6.35 cm).

Filter CollectorsAll fabric dust filter collectors that are a part of a pneumatic dust collection system should be equipped with a monitoring device that will indicate a pressure drop across the surface of the filter. Filter collectors installed after March 30, 1988, must be located outside the facility; or located in an area inside the facility protected by an explosion suppression system; or located in an area inside the facility that is separated from other areas of the facility by construction having at least a one hour fire-resistant rating, and which is adjacent to an exterior wall and vented to the outside. The vent and ductwork must be designed to resist rupture due to fire.

Emergency EscapeThere should be at least two means of emergency escape from galleries (bin decks). There must be at least one means of emergency escape in tunnels of existing grain elevators. Tunnels in grain elevators constructed after the effective date of this standard shall be provided with at least two means of emergency escape.

Grain DryersAll direct-heat grain dryers shall be equipped with automatic controls that will shut-off the fuel supply in case of power or flame failure or interruption of air movement through the exhaust fan; and will stop the grain from being fed into the dryer if excessive temperature occurs in the exhaust of the drying section.

Direct-heat grain dryers installed after March 30, 1988, must be located outside the grain elevator; or located in an area inside the grain elevator protected by a fire or explosion suppression system; or located in an area inside the grain elevator which is separated from other areas of the facility by construction having at least a one hour fire-resistance rating.

Inside Bucket ElevatorsBucket elevators shall not be jogged to free a choked leg. All belts purchased after March 30, 1988, must be conductive. Such belts shall have a surface electrical resistance not to exceed 300M (megaohms).

All bucket elevators must be equipped with means of access to the head pulley section to allow inspection of the head pulley, legging, belt, and discharge throat of the elevator head. The boot


section must also be provided with a means of access for clean out of the boot and for inspection of the boot, pulley, and belt.

Management should see that bearings are mounted externally to the leg casing; or provide vibration monitoring, temperature monitoring, or other means to monitor the condition of those bearings mounted inside or partially-inside the leg casing.

Management should equip bucket elevators with a motion detection device that will shutdown the bucket elevator when the belt speed is reduced by no more than twenty percent of the normal operating speed. Management should equip bucket elevators with a belt alignment-monitoring device that will initiate an alarm to employees when the belt is not tracking properly; or provide a means to keep the belt tracking properly, such as a system that provides constant alignment adjustment of belts.

Dust EmissionsEmployers should analyze the entire stock handling system to determine the location of dust emissions and effective methods to control or to eliminate them. The employer should make sure that holes in spouting, casings of bucket elevators, pneumatic conveying pipes, screw augers, or drag conveyor casings, are patched or otherwise properly repaired to prevent leakage. Minimizing free falls of grain or grain products by using choke feeding techniques, and utilization of dust-tight enclosures at transfer points, can be effective in reducing dust emissions.

Each housekeeping program should specify the schedules and control measures that will be used to control dust emitted from the stock handling system. The housekeeping program should address the schedules to be used for cleaning dust accumulations from motors, critical bearings and other potential ignition sources in the working areas. Also, the areas around bucket elevator legs, milling machinery and similar equipment should be given priority in the cleaning schedule. The method of disposal of the dust that is swept or vacuumed should also be planned.

Dust may accumulate in somewhat inaccessible areas, such as those areas where ladders or scaffolds might be necessary to reach them. Management may want to consider the use of compressed air and long lances to blow down these areas frequently. The employer may also want to consider the periodic use of water and hose lines to wash down these areas. If these methods are used, they are to be specified in the housekeeping program along with the appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment such as eye wear and dust respirators.

As a part of the housekeeping program, grain elevators are required to address accumulations of dust at priority areas using the action level. The standard specifies a maximum accumulation of one-eighth inch dust, measurable by a ruler or other measuring device, anywhere within a priority area as the upper limit at which time employers must initiate action to remove the accumulations using designated means or methods. Any accumulation in excess of this amount and where no action has been initiated to implement cleaning would constitute a violation of the standard, unless the employer can demonstrate equivalent protection. Employers should make every effort to minimize dust accumulations on exposed surfaces since dust is the fuel for a fire or explosion, and it is recognized that a one-eighth inch dust accumulation is more than enough to fuel such occurrences.

Employee’s Signature: _________________________ Date: __________________


INSTALACIONES DE MANEJO DE GRANO:

GeneralLas instalaciones de manejo de grano tienen un juego de normas específicas requeridas (OSHA norma 29 CFR 1910.272) que deben seguirse. La norma contiene requisitos tanto para las instalaciones de manejo de grano nuevas como las existentes. La norma no se aplica a fabricas de semilla que manejan y preparan semilla para plantar en futuras cosechas, ni a almacenamientos en ranchos o engordas. Sin embargo, esta información puede ser muy útil para desarrollar procedimientos seguros en el lugar de trabajo y prácticas a seguir y se sugiere que la norma se cumpla para llenar el requisito de OSHA de un lugar de trabajo seguro.

Enreje las AperturasLas rejas deben cubrir las aperturas del suministrador del hoyo receptor, como hoyos receptores para troca o carro ferroviario. La anchura de aperturas en las rejas deberá ser un máximo de dos pulgadas y media (6.35 centímetros).

Filtros ColectoresTodos los filtros colectores de polvo de tela que son parte de un sistema de colección de polvo neumático deben equiparse con un dispositivo de monitor que indicará una caída de presión sobre la superficie del filtro. Los filtros colectores instalados después del 30 de marzo de 1988, deben localizarse afuera de la facilidad; o estar localizados en una área dentro de la facilidad protegidos por un sistema de supresión de explosión; o estar localizados en una área dentro de la facilidad que este separada de otras áreas de la facilidad por una construcción que tenga una clasificación de por lo menos una hora de resistencia al fuego, y qué este adyacente a una pared exterior y ventilado hacia afuera. La ventila y los conductos deben estar diseñados para resistir la ruptura por causa del fuego.

Escape de EmergenciaDeben haber por lo menos dos medios de escape de emergencia de las galerías (pasillos del granero) Debe haber por lo menos un medio de escape de emergencia en túneles de elevadores de graneros existentes. Los túneles en ascensores de grano construidos después de la fecha eficaz de esta norma deben proporcionar por lo menos dos medios de escape de emergencia.

Secadores de GranoTodas las secadoras de grano de calor directo se deberán equipar con controles automáticos que apaguen el suministro de combustible en caso de falta de electricidad o llama o de interrupción del movimiento aéreo a través del abanico de descarga; y parará de suministrar el grano al secador si ocurre temperatura excesiva en la descarga de la sección secante. Los secadores de grano de calor directo instalados después del 30 de marzo de 1988, deberán localizarse afuera del ascensor de grano; o estar localizados en una área adentro del ascensor de grano protegido por un sistema de supresión de fuego o explosión; o estar localizado en una área adentro del ascensor de grano el cual este separado de otras áreas de la facilidad por una construcción que tenga una clasificación de resistencia al fuego de por lo menos una hora.

Adentro de los Ascensores de CanastaLos ascensores de canasta no se sacudirán levemente para liberar un elevador ahogado. Todas las bandas compradas después del 30 de marzo de 1988, deben ser conductivas. Tales bandas deberán tener una superficie de resistencia eléctrica que no exceda 300MW (mega Homs) Todos los ascensores de canasta deberán equiparse con medios de acceso a la sección de la cabeza de la polea para permitir la inspección de la cabeza de la polea, elevador (pierna), banda, y garganta de


descarga de la cabeza del elevador. La sección del hoyo también deberá proporcionar un medio de acceso para la limpieza del hoyo y para inspección del hoyo, polea, y banda. La organización debe asegurarse de que los rodillos estén montados externamente al cuerpo del elevador; o proporcionar monitor de vibración, monitor de temperatura, u otro medio para monitorear la condición de los rodillos montados adentro de o parcialmente adentro del cuerpo del elevador. La organización debe equipar los ascensores de canasta con un dispositivo de detector de movimiento que apague el ascensor de canasta cuando la velocidad de la banda sea reducida por no más del veinte por ciento de la velocidad de operación normal. La organización debe equipar los ascensores de canasta con un dispositivo de monitor de alineación de banda que empezará una alarma para los empleados cuando la banda no este jalando apropiadamente; o proporcionar un medio para mantener la banda jalando apropiadamente, tal como un sistema que proporcione ajuste de alineación de bandas constante.

Emisiones de PolvoLos patrones deben analizar todo el sistema de manejo de existencias para determinar la localización de emisiones de polvo y métodos eficaces para controlarlos o eliminarlos. El patrón debe asegurarse de que los agujeros de los canales, el cuerpo de los ascensores de canasta, canales llevadores neumáticos, las barrenas de gusano, o acarreadores de cadena, estén remendadas o de otro modo reparadas apropiadamente para prevenir goteo. Disminuir las caídas libres de grano o productos de grano usando técnicas de cierre de suministro y el uso de encerramientos de polvo firmes en los puntos de traslado, puede ser eficaz para reducir las emisiones de polvo. Cada programa de mantenimiento debe especificar los horarios y medidas de control que se usarán para controlar el polvo emitido del sistema de manejo del producto. El programa de mantenimiento debe dirigir los horarios que serán usados para limpiar las acumulaciones de polvo de los motores, rodillos críticos y otras fuentes de ignición potenciales en áreas de trabajo. También, las áreas alrededor de la sección del ascensor de canasta, maquinaria para moler y equipo similar se le deberá dar prioridad en el horario de limpieza. El método de disposición del polvo que se barre o se aspira también deberá planearse. El polvo puede acumularse en áreas algo inaccesibles, como áreas dónde escaleras o andamios podrían ser necesarios para alcanzarlas. La organización pueda considerar el uso de aire comprimido y lanzas largas para soplar estas áreas frecuentemente. El patrón también pueda considerar el uso periódico de agua y mangueras para lavar estas áreas. Si estos métodos son usados, deben ser especificados en el programa de mantenimiento junto con las precauciones de seguridad apropiadas, incluyendo el uso de equipo de protección personal como cubre ojos y respiradores para polvo. Como parte del programa de mantenimiento, a los ascensores de grano se les exige encargarse de las acumulaciones de polvo en áreas de prioridad usando nivel de acción. La norma especifica una acumulación máxima de un octavo de pulgada de polvo, medible con una regla u otro dispositivo para medir, en cualquier parte dentro de una área de prioridad como límite, en tal momento los patrones deberán comenzar la acción para quitar las acumulaciones usando los medios o métodos designados. Cualquier acumulación en exceso de esta cantidad y donde ninguna acción se ha comenzado para llevar a cabo la limpieza constituiría una violación de la norma, a menos que el patrón pueda demostrar protección equivalente. Los patrones deben hacer todo esfuerzo para disminuir las acumulaciones de polvo en superficies expuestas puesto que el polvo es combustible para el fuego o explosión, y se reconoce que un octavo de pulgada de acumulación de polvo es más que suficiente para empezar tales acontecimientos. Firma del Empleado: _________________________ Fecha: __________________


MANURE STORAGE HAZARDS:

The uses of livestock confinement systems and large capacity, on-farm, liquid manure storage facilities have become well-established practices throughout the industry. When animal waste in large quantities is being stored, a number of hazards are present for both man and animal.

Hazards Falling into one of the large open storage areas and drowning. (Children under the age

of 4 make up the largest group of victims in drownings). Deception takes place in warm weather causing the top to look solid and then curious

individuals go out onto the surface. Dangerous gases are created when manure decomposes by bacterial action. The most

common gases include: ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. Ammonia is lighter than air, has a pungent smell, and can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. Carbon dioxide is odorless, tasteless, and a gas that is heavier than air. Methane is lighter than air and can create an explosive atmosphere. Hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic, heavier than air, and at low concentrations smells like rotten eggs or at high concentrations deadens the senses. If someone has experienced inhaling these gases, immediately get them to fresh air, flush the affected areas with water, and seek immediate medical attention. Remember, these gases are extremely dangerous and can cause death!

Prevention Fence area off. Post signs around the perimeter providing a clear warning of the existing

hazards. If entrance is necessary, a self-contained breathing apparatus must be worn by someone

trained in its use. A safety harness should be worn and monitoring should continue while someone is in the manure storage area.

SILO GAS HAZARDS:

Protection From Silo Gas Label silo to warn others of the gas hazards. Be aware of signals of the silo gas such as a yellow-brown color or a bleach-like odor. Lock access to silos to keep bystanders and children out. Do not enter silo after filling has started. Silo gas may be the highest 48-72 hours after

filling. Lethal concentrations may exist for up to three weeks in poorly ventilated silos. Run the blower to ventilate the silo at least 20 minutes before entering. If entrance is necessary, a self-contained breathing apparatus must be worn by someone

trained in its use. A safety harness should be worn and monitoring should take place while anyone is in the silo.


Information adapted from National Safety Council: www.nsc.org/farmsafe/facts.htm


http://www.nsc.org/farmsafe/facts.htm

RIESGOS DE ALMACENAMIENTO DE ESTIERCOL:

Los usos de sistemas de encierro de ganado y facilidades de almacenamiento de estiercol liquido en grandes capacidades, en la-granja, se han convertido en practicas bien establecidas por toda la industria. Cuando el desecho animal en cantidades grandes se está guardándo, se presentan varios riesgos tanto para el hombre como para el animal.

Riesgos Caerse en una de las grandes áreas de almacenamiento descubiertas y ahogándose.

(Los niños menores de 4 forman el grupo más grande de víctimas ahogadas). El engano toma lugar en tiempo de calor el cual hace que lo de encima parezca que

esta sólido y entonces los individuos curiosos caminan en la superficie. Gases peligrosos se crean cuando el estiércol se descompone por la acción bacteriana.

Los gases más comúnes incluyen: el amoníaco, dióxido de carbono, metano, y sulfuro de hidrógeno. El amoníaco es más liviano que el aire, tiene un olor penetrante y puede irritar los ojos y el tracto respiratorio. El dióxido de carbono es inoloro, insipido, y un gas que es más pesado que el aire. El metano es más liviano que el aire y puede crear una atmósfera explosiva. El sulfuro de hidrógeno es muy tóxico, más pesado que el aire, y en bajas concentraciones huele a huevos podridos o en altas concentraciones retarda los sentidos. Si alguien ha inhalando estos gases, inmediatamente saquelos al aire fresco, enjuague las áreas afectada con agua, y busque atención médica inmediata. ¡Recuerde, estos gases son sumamente peligrosos y pueden causar la muerte!

Prevención Cerque el área. Ponga letreros alrededor del perímetro proporcionando una

advertencia clara de los riesgos existentes. Si la entrada es necesaria, un aparato respiratorio autónomo debe usarse por alguien entrenado para su uso. Debe usarse una guarnicion de seguridad y

supervision debe continuar mientras alguien está en el área de almacenamiento de estiércol.

RIESGOS DEL GAS DEL SILO:

Protección Del Gas del Silo Etiquete el silo para advertir a otros de los riesgos del gas. Este consciente de las senales de gas del silo como un color amarillo-castaño o un olor como

a cloro. Cierre con llave el acceso a los silos para mantener fuera a los espectadores y a los niños. No entre al silo después de que han empezado a llenarlo. El gas del silo puede estar mas alto

48-72 horas después de haber sido llenado. Las concentraciones letales pueden existir hasta por tres semanas en silos mal ventilados.

Prenda el soplador para ventilar el silo por lo menos 20 minutos antes de entrar. Si la entrada es necesaria, un aparato respiratorio autónomo debe llevarse por alguien

entrenado para su uso. Debe usarse una guarnicion de seguridad y debe haber supervision mientras cualquier persona está en el silo.



La información se adaptó de National Safety Council: www.nsc.org/farmsafe/facts.htm

COMPUTER USERS AND ERGONOMICS:

Having a practical checklist for ergonomics training in the office can help your employees work more comfortably and effectively.

Adjust Chair

Adjust the backrest so that it supports the lower back and fits the curvature of the spine. Seat pans should be adjusted for proper slope and comfort.

Adjust the height of the chair’s seat so that thighs are horizontal, feet rest flat on the floor, and arms and hands are comfortably positioned at the keyboard.

Armrests should be adjustable up/down and inward/outward, and padded. If the chair is too high, use a footrest. This takes pressure off the back of the

thighs. Seat cushions should be firm, not soft. Utilize chair mat to decrease carpet resistance and provide more maneuverability.

Adjust The Display (Computer Monitor)

Adjust the display so that the top of the screen is slightly below eye level when sitting at the keyboard. The top of the screen should not be above eye level.

Position the screen to minimize glare and reflections from overhead lights, windows, and other light sources. Place the screen so that windows are not directly in front of or behind the employee when seated.

Set the contrast or brightness of the screen at a comfortable level. (This may have to be done more than once a day, as the light in the room changes.)

Where it is impossible to avoid reflections or adjust lighting, an anti-glare filter placed over the screen can be helpful. However, filters may affect the clarity of the image on the screen and should be tried only after methods of reducing glare have been exhausted. An electrically grounded nylon micromesh glare filter is effective also in removing the static charge from a screen.

Adjust Lighting

Adjust desk lamp or task light to avoid reflections on the screen. Light sources should come at a 90-degree angle, with low watt lights versus single high watt.

Draw the drapes or adjust blinds to reduce glare. Reduce overhead lighting (where possible) by turning off lights or switching to

lower wattage bulbs. To limit reflected glare, walls should be painted a medium or dark color with

minimal reflective finish. Use indirect or shielded lighting where possible.


http://www.nsc.org/farmsafe/facts.htm

Adjust Document Holder

Position document holder close to screen and at the same level and distance from the eye to avoid constant changes of focus.

Rotate position of document holder to opposite side of screen periodically.

Work Smart

Encourage employees to change position, stand up or stretch whenever they start to feel tired. Encourage a soft touch on the keyboard, keeping hands and fingers relaxed and wrists and body in neutral positions (positions your body naturally wants to be in).

Become aware of other tasks such as manual stapling, sorting through large volumes, and mail sorting where repetition and awkward positions may contribute to repetitive motion injuries. Seek alternative ways to perform the tasks, reduce the load, or rotate jobs.

Consider Posture

Elbows should be bent at 90 degrees when hands are on keyboard. Feet should rest flat on floor or a footrest should be utilized. The head should be straight and balanced over the spine while looking forward at

the screen. Utilize a backrest for support in lumbar area of back (just above your waist). Wrists should be in a neutral position. Utilize wrist rests at the edge of the

keyboard for support. Keyboards should be detachable from computer screen and slightly sloped at about 10-15 degrees.

Employee’s Signature: _________________________ Date: ___________________


USUARIOS DE COMPUTADORAS Y ERGONOMICOS:

El tener una lista de control practica para ergonomicos que entrenan en la oficina puede ayudar a sus empleados a trabajar más cómoda y eficazmente.

Ajuste la Silla

Ajuste el respaldo para que apoye la parte baja de la espalda y quede en la curvatura de la espina dorsal. Debe ajustarse el asiento para inclinacion apropiada y comodidad.

Ajuste la altura del asiento de la silla para que los muslos estén horizontales, los pies descansen planos en el suelo, y se posicionen brazos y manos cómodamente en el teclado.

Los apoyos de los brazos deben ser ajustables arriba/abajo y hacia adentro/hacia afuera, y acoginados.

Si la silla esta demasiado alta, use un apoyapies. Esto le quita presión a la parte de atrás de los muslos.

Los cojines del asiento deben ser firmes, no blandos. Utilice el tapete de la silla para disminuir la resistencia a la alfombra y

proporcionar más maniobrabilidad.

Ajuste La Pantalla (Monitor de la Computadora)

Ajusta la pantalla para que la parte de arriba de la pantalla esté ligeramente debajo del nivel de los ojos al sentarse al teclado. La parte de arriba de la pantalla no debe estar mas arriba del nivel de los ojos.

Posicione la pantalla para disminuir luz intensa y reflexiones de las luces de arriba, ventanas, y otras fuentes de luz. Ponga la pantalla de modo que las ventanas no esten directamente en frente de o detrás del empleado cuando se siente.

Ponga el contraste o iluminacion de la pantalla a un nivel cómodo. (Esto pueda que se tenga que hacer mas de una vez al dia, conforme cambia la luz en el cuarto.)

Donde sea imposible evitar reflexiones o ajustar la iluminación, un filtro antideslumbrante puesto en la pantalla puede ser útil. Sin embargo, los filtros pueden afectar la claridad de la imagen en la pantalla y sólo deben intentarse después de que los métodos de reducir la luz intensa han sido agotados. Un filtro de luz de micromalla de nilón eléctricamente conectada con tierra también es eficaz para quitar el cargo estático de la pantalla.

Ajuste la Iluminación

Ajuste la lámpara de escritorio o luz de tarea para evitar las reflexiones en la pantalla. Las fuentes de iluminacion deben venir de un ángulo de 90-grados, con luces de pocos vatios en lugar de una sola luz de alto vatio.

Cierre las cortinas o ajuste las persianas para reducir la luz intensa. Reduzca la iluminación de arriba (donde sea posible) apagando las luces o


cambiando los focos a otros de menos voltage. Para limitar la luz intensa reflejada, deben pintarse las paredes de un color medio o

oscuro con el minimo acabado reflexivo. Use iluminación indirecta o escudada dónde sea posible.

Ajuste el Sosten del Documento

Coloque el sosten del documento cerca de la pantalla y al mismo nivel y distancia de los ojos para evitar cambios constantes de enfoque.

Cambie el sosten del documento de posición periódicamente al lado opuesto de la pantalla.

Trabaje Inteligentemente

Anime a los empleados a cambiar de posición, que se póngan de pie o se estiren siempre que empiecen a sentirse cansados. Animelos a usar un toque suave en el teclado, manteniendo las manos y dedos relajados y muñecas y cuerpo en posicion neutral (posiciones que su cuerpo quiere tener naturalmente).

Esté al pendiente de otras tareas como grapar manualmente, ordenar volúmenes grandes, y ordenar correo donde la repetición y posicion torpe pueden contribuir a lesiones de movimiento repetitivo. Busque maneras alternativas para realizar las tareas, reduzca la carga, o alterne los trabajos.

Considere la Postura

Los codos deben doblarse a 90 grados cuando las manos están en el teclado. Los pies deben descansar planos en el suelo o debe utilizarse un apoyapies. La cabeza debe estar derecha y equilibrada encima de la espina mientras miras

hacia la pantalla. Utilice un respaldo para apoyar el area lumbar de la espalda (arribita de su

cintura). Las munecas deben estar en una posicion neutra. Utilice los descansos para las

munecas al borde del teclado apoyo. Los teclados deben ser separables de la pantalla de la computadora y ligeramente inclinados a aproximadamente 10-15 grados.

Firma del Empleado: _______________________ Fecha: ____________________


OSHA ERGONOMICS FINAL RULE:Appendix D-2 to §1910.900

Video Display Terminal (VDT) Workstation Checklist

Name: Date:

WORKING CONDITIONSThe workstation is designed or arranged for doing VDT tasks so it allows the

employee's . . .

Y N

A. Head and neck to be about upright (not bent down/back).

B. Head, neck and trunk to face forward (not twisted). C. Trunk to be about perpendicular to floor (not leaning forward/backward).

D. Shoulders and upper arms to be about perpendicular to floor (not stretched forward) and relaxed (not elevated).

E. Upper arms and elbows to be close to body (not extended outward). F. Forearms, wrists, and hands to be straight and parallel to floor (not pointing up/down).

G. Wrists and hands to be straight (not bent up/down or sideways toward little finger). H. Thighs to be about parallel to floor and lower legs to be about perpendicular to floor. I. Feet to rest flat on floor or be supported by a stable footrest. J. VDT tasks to be organized in a way that allows employee to vary VDT tasks with other work activities, or to take micro-breaks or recovery pauses while at the VDT workstation.

SEATINGThe chair . . .

Y N

1. Backrest provides support for employee's lower back (lumbar area). 2. Seat width and depth accommodate specific employee (seat pan not too big/small). 3. Seat front does not press against the back of employee's knees and lower legs (seat pan not too long). 4. Seat has cushioning and is rounded/ has "waterfall" front (no sharp edge). 5. Armrests support both forearms while employee performs VDT tasks and do not interfere with movement.

KEYBOARD/INPUT DEVICEThe keyboard/input device is designed or arranged for doing VDT tasks so that ...

Y N

6. Keyboard/input device platform(s) is stable and large enough to hold keyboard and input device. 7. Input device (mouse or trackball) is located right next to keyboard so it can be operated without reaching.

8. Input device is easy to activate and shape/size fits hand of specific employee (not too big/small). 9. Wrists and hands do not rest on sharp or hard edge.


MONITORThe monitor is designed or arranged for VDT tasks so that . . .

Y N

10. Top line of screen is at or below eye level so employee is able to read it without bending head or neck down/back. (For employees with bifocals/trifocals, see next item.)

11. Employee with bifocals/trifocals is able to read screen without bending head or neck backward.

12. Monitor distance allows employee to read screen without leaning head, neck or trunk forward/backward.

13. Monitor position is directly in front of employee so employee does not have to twist head or neck. 14. No glare (e.g., from windows, lights) is present on the screen which might cause employee to assume an awkward posture to read screen.

WORK AREAThe work area is designed or arranged for doing VDT tasks so that . . .

Y N

15. Thighs have clearance space between chair and VDT table/keyboard platform (thighs not trapped).

16. Legs and feet have clearance space under VDT table so employee is able to get close enough to keyboard/input device.

ACCESSORIES Y N17. Document holder, if provided, is stable and large enough to hold documents that are used.

18. Document holder, if provided, is placed at about the same height and distance as monitor screen so there is little head movement when employee looks from document to screen.

19. Wrist rest, if provided, is padded and free of sharp and square edges. 20. Wrist rest, if provided, allows employee to keep forearms, wrists and hands straight and parallel to ground when using keyboard/input device.

21. Telephone can be used with head upright (not bent) and shoulders relaxed (not elevated) if employee does VDT tasks at the same time.

GENERAL Y N22. Workstation and equipment have sufficient adjustability so that the employee is able to be in a safe working posture and to make occasional changes in posture while performing VDT tasks.

23. VDT Workstation, equipment and accessories are maintained in serviceable condition and function properly.

PASSING SCORE = "YES" answer on all "working postures" items (A-J) and no more than two "NO" answers on remainder of checklist (1-23).

Comments:


OFFICE EMPLOYEES:

Office work is relatively safe, but hazardous conditions and unsafe practices do exist and cause accidents. Employees doing work covered in this section must follow the safe practices herein, regardless of the department of employment or regular occupation.

Cover all exposed moving parts of power driven office machines with suitable guards. Instruct operators in the safe use of these machines.

Always open and close drawers with the handle to avoid pinched fingers. Exercise caution when opening or closing doors. Report defective cords and repair immediately on all office machines, and never

overload outlets. Do not use defective furniture and equipment. Drawers to file cabinets and desks must be closed when not in use. Do not string extension cords across aisles or walkways. If long term use of

extension cords is needed, install additional outlets. Inspect floor mats, carpets, and runners frequently. Do not leave materials or loose objects on the floor. Never tilt a straight chair backward. No running is allowed in the office. Office storage and file rooms must be kept in a neat and orderly manner. Aisles must be kept clear of obstacles. Only one file drawer opened at a time. Open drawers slowly. Use proper lifting techniques. Water, oil, or other liquid spilled on floors present a dangerous slipping hazard and

must be cleaned up at once. When power operated machines become jammed, the power source must be

disconnected prior to clearing the machine. Use stepladders to reach things on high shelves or the ceiling.



EMPLEADOS DE LA OFICINA: El trabajo de la oficina es relativamente seguro, pero las condiciones arriesgadas y las prácticas inseguras existen y causan accidentes. Los empleados haciendo trabajo cubierto por esta sección deben seguir las prácticas seguras aquí dentro, sin importar el departamento de empleo o la ocupación regular.

Cubra todas las partes movibles de las maquinas de la oficina expuestas, que sean manejadas por electricidad, con guardias apropiadas. Instruya a los operadores en el uso seguro de estas máquinas.

Siempre abra y cierre los cajones con el asa para evitar dedos machucados. Tenga cuidado cuando abra o cierre puertas. Reporte extensiones defectuosas y repárelas inmediatamente en todas las

máquinas de la oficina, y nunca sobrecargue los tomacorrientes. No use muebles ni equipo defectuosos. Los cajones de los armarios de archivos y escritorios deben estar cerrados cuando

no se están usando. No pase extensiones por los pasillos o áreas de caminar. Si necesita el uso de

extensiones a largo plazo, instale tomacorrientes adicionales. Inspeccione tapetes, alfombras, y corredores frecuentemente. No deje materiales u objetos tirados en el suelo. Nunca incline una silla recta hacia atrás. No se permite correr en la oficina. El almacenamiento de la oficina y los cuartos de archivo deben mantenerse

limpios y ordenados. Los pasillos deben mantenerse libres de obstáculos. Solo un cajón de archivo abierto a la vez. Abra los cajones despacio. Use técnicas de levantamiento apropiadas. El agua, aceite, u otro líquido tirados en el suelo representan un peligroso riesgo

de resbalarse y deben limpiarse enseguida. Cuando las maquinas de electricidad se atoran, la fuente de electricidad debe ser

desconectada antes de desatorar la máquina. Use las escaleras para alcanzar cosas en estantes altos o el techo.



BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS:

Employees responsible for giving first aid or medical treatment to other employees are covered under OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen standard. This standard was developed to protect employees responding to medical emergencies from pathogens found in blood and body fluids. Examples of these pathogens are HIV and hepatitis. Employees with these responsibilities must be trained annually on the following topics:

A copy of the standard (CFR 1910.1030) and an explanation of its contents,

an explanation of the signs and symptoms of bloodborne diseases,

information on how such diseases are transmitted,

an explanation of the employer’s exposure control plan,

an explanation of activities that may lead to exposure to blood,

information regarding the selection, use, care and disposal of personal protective equipment,

information on the hepatitis B vaccination,

after an exposure incident, the employer must provide a post-exposure evaluation,

the person conducting the training must know the subject matter.

Employees who provide medical treatment or research on animals are not covered under this program. This program is for those employees who respond to medical emergencies at your operation.

Additional information regarding bloodborne pathogens can be located at www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf105.htm.




PATOGENOS TRANSPORTADOS EN LA SANGRE:

Los empleados que son responsables de dar primeros auxilios o el tratamiento médico a otros empleados son protegidos bajo las normas de OSHA - Patogenos Transportados en la Sangre (Bloodborne Pathogen). Esta norma fue desarrollada para proteger a los empleados que responden a las emergencias médicas de los patogenos encontrados en sangre y fluidos del cuerpo. Ejemplos de estos patogenos son HIV y hepatitis. Los empleados con estas responsabilidades deben entrenarse anualmente en los siguientes temas:

Una copia de la norma (CFR 1910.1030) y una explicación de su contenido,

una explicación de señales y síntomas de enfermedades transportadas en la sangre,

información de cómo se transmiten tales enfermedades,

una explicación del plan del patron sobre el control de exposición,

una explicación de actividades que pueden conducir a exposicion de la sangre,

información con respecto a la selección, uso, cuidado y disposición de equipo proteccionista personal,

información sobre vacunación contra hepatitis B,

después de un incidente de exposición, el patrón debera proporcionar una evaluación para despues-de-haber sido expuesto,

la persona que dirige el entrenamiento debe conocer el tema de la materia.

Los empleados que proporcionan tratamiento médico o investigaciones en animales no estan cubiertos por este programa. Este programa es para los empleados que responden a emergencias médicas en sus funcionamientos.

Puede localizarse información adicional con respecto a patogenos transportados en la sangre en www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf105.htm.



ANIMAL DISEASES AND HUMANS:

Sharing a world with animals, it shouldn’t surprise us that we also share some diseases. Infectious diseases transmissible between humans and other animals are called zoonoses, or zoonotic diseases. There are over 120 identifiable zoonotic diseases and the risk to humans depends on the kind of disease and type of exposure.

Listed Below Are Zoonotic Diseases Located On Agricultural Operations.

Rabies: The greatest risks of rabies today follow cat and skunk bites, and oral examination of salivating cattle by farmers and veterinarians. Increased public awareness, mandatory rabies vaccination of dogs, and control of stray dogs by enforcement of leash laws, significantly have reduced the risk of rabies.

Tuberculosis And Brucellosis: The organisms in animals that contribute to these diseases in humans have almost eliminated in livestock.

Trichinosis: Once a common human disease in the US, trichinosis is transmitted by infected pork and the meat of some undercooked wild game. Cooking pork or wild game meat is highly recommended to prevent the possibility of contracting the disease.

Ringworm: This disease is a fungal infection of the skin on both humans and animals. It is transmitted easily by direct contact.

Giardiasis: Giardia is a water-borne protozoan, a microscopic, single-celled animal that infects the gut of both animals and humans. It is passed in the feces and can be carried in contaminated water. Giardiasis can cause severe gastroenteritis with fever, nausea, and abdominal pain, which may persist for several days or more.

Lyme Disease: This disease is talked about and written about extensively, however few human cases have been reported. Lyme disease in people and animals usually is seen as an arthritis, but may cause heart irregularities and neuralgic problems such as headaches, dizziness, and facial paralysis. The signs may begin soon after infection, become chronic, or be delayed for months or even years. Lyme disease is transmitted by deer ticks and can also be found in dogs, horses, cattle, deer, and other animals.


Leptospirosis: Lepto localizes in the bladder or kidney of infected animals. People become infected by contact with the organism through infected material or urine. Another way you can catch it is swimming in contaminated water. The organism enters through broken skin, through your eyes and mouth.

Salmonella: This is often associated with poorly cooked poultry, raw eggs and egg products, raw milk and milk products, meat and meat products. Cook food to 155 degrees or higher helps reduce the risk of catching the disease.

Toxoplasmosis: In sheep this virus can cause abortion. Additional carriers include cattle, swine, goats and chickens, however cats are the main carriers. Cats pose a real threat for some women. Women who are pregnant and have never had toxoplasmosis, are at greater risk of miscarrying or having a baby afflicted with some birth defect. It’s recommended women should not clean a litter box or work in a garden containing cat urine or fecal material while pregnant.

Tetanus: Anyone working around livestock should keep their tetanus vaccinations up to date. The spores that cause tetanus are found in soil contaminated by horse feces. The spores can live in soil for several years. For tetanus to develop in animals and humans, the organism must gain entrance through broken skin, such as a wound.

Prevention And Control

Better animal health and environmental health on the farm translates into better health and safety for the farm operator, employees, and members of the family.

1. Use a safe water supply2. Follow sanitary waste disposal3. Assure meat safety4. Reduce contact with diseased animals5. Remove ticks6. Pasteurize milk7. Good hygiene8. Stay current on vaccinations9. Wear rubber gloves10. Wash hands


Information adapted from Iowa State University, University Extension and Kansas State University


LOS HUMANOS Y LAS ENFERMEDADES DE ANIMALES:

Compartiendo el mundo con los animales, no debe sorprendernos que también compartimos algunas enfermedades. Las enfermedades infecciosas trasmisibles entre los humanos y otros animales se llaman zoonosis, o enfermedades zoonoticas. Hay mas de 120 enfermedades zoonoticas identificadas y el riesgo para los humanos depende del tipo de enfermedad y del tipo de exposición.

Abajo Hay Una Lista de Enfermedades Zoonoticas Localizadas En los Funcionamientos Agrícolas.

Rabia: Los riesgos de rabia más grandes de hoy en dia son las mordidas de gatos y zorrillos, y la examinacion oral del babeo del ganado por rancheros y veterinarios. La incrementacion del conocimiento del público, la vacunación obligatoria para la rabia de los perros, y el control de perros perdidos y la aplicacion de la ley de la correa, han reducido significativamente el riesgo de rabias.

Tuberculosis Y Brucelosis: Los organismos en los animales que contribuyen a éstas enfermedades en los humanos casi se han eliminado en el ganado.

Triquinosis: Alguna vez una enfermedad humana común en E.U, la triquinosis se transmite por la carne de cerdo infectada y la carne no bien guisada de algún animal salvaje. Cocinar carne de cerdo o animal salvaje es muy recomendada para prevenir la posibilidad de contraer la enfermedad.

Ringworm - Tina: Esta enfermedad es una infección fungina de la piel tanto en humanos como en animales. Se transmite fácilmente por el contacto directo.

Giardiasis: Giardia es un protozoo transportado en el agua, un animal microscópico de una sola celula que infecta el intestino de animales y humanos. Se transporta en el excremento y puede ser llevado en agua contaminada. Giardiasis puede causar gastroenteritis severo con fiebre, náusea, y dolor abdominal el cual puede persistir durante varios días o más.

Enfermedad de Lyme: De esta enfermedad se habla y se escribe extensivamente, sin embargo se han reportado pocos casos en humanos. La Enfermedad de Lyme en las personas y animales normalmente se ven como un artritis, pero puede causar irregularidades del corazón y problemas neurálgicos tales como dolores de cabeza, mareos, y parálisis facial. Las señales pueden empezar poco después de la infección, volverse crónico, o tardarse meses o incluso años. La Enfermedad de Lyme se transmite por la garrapata de venados y también puede encontrarse en perros, caballos, ganado, venados y otros animales.


Leptospirosis: Lepto se localiza en la vegiga o riñón de animales infectados. Las personas se infectan por el contacto con el organismo a través de material infectado u orina. Otra manera que usted se puede contagiar es nadando en agua contaminada. El organismo entra a través de cortadas en la piel, a través de sus ojos y boca.

Salmonella: Esto es a menudo asociado con aves mal cocinadas, huevos crudos y productos de huevo, leche cruda y productos de leche, carne y productos de carne. Cocinar la comida a 155 grados o más alto reduce el riesgo de contraer la enfermedad.

Toxoplasmosis: En la oveja este virus puede causar el aborto. Los portadores adicionales incluyen ganado, cerdo, cabras y pollos, sin embargo los gatos son los portadores principales. Los gatos son una gran amenaza para algunas mujeres. Mujeres que están embarazada y nunca han tenido toxoplasmosis, están en mayor riesgo de abortar o tener un bebé con algún defecto de nacimiento. Se recomienda que las mujeres no limpien la caja de basura del gato o trabajen en un jardín que contiene orina de gato o material fecal mientras esta embarazada.

Tétano: Cualquiera que trabaja alrededor del ganado debe tener sus vacunaciones del tétano al dia. Las esporas que causan el tetano se encuertran en tierra contaminada por excremento de caballo. Las esporas pueden vivir en la tierra durante varios anos. Para que el tetano se desarrolle en los animals y humanos, el organismo debe entrar a traves de piel cortada, como una herida.

Prevencion Y Control

Mejor salud animal y salud medioambiental en la granja se traduce a major salud y seguridad para el operador de la granja, empleados, y miembros de la familia.

1. Use un suministro de agua seguro2. Siga una disposicion sanitaria de desecho3. Asegure la seguridad de la carne4. Reduzca el contacto con los animals enfermos5. Quite las garrapatas6. Pasteurice la leche7. Buena hygiene8. Este al dia con las vacunaciones9. Use guantes de hule10. Lavese las manos

Firma del Empleado: __________________________ Fecha: ___________________

La informacion se adapto de Iowa State University, University Extension and Kansas State University


HEAT STRESS:

Given the climate of Colorado, heat stress is a hazard that annually threatens agricultural workers. Heat stress occurs when the body builds up more heat than it can handle. Continued exposure to a hot environment can lead to heat-related illnesses, a decrease in work performance, and increase the likelihood of accidents. Listed below are forms of heat stress, along with treatment and prevention options.

Heat RashHeat rash is an early sign of heat stress. A rash develops over small areas of the skin and disrupts sweat production. Reducing exposure is the primary prevention method for heat rash. Treatment includes washing the affected area and applying lotion.

Heat SyncopeDizziness or fainting while standing in heat is known as heat syncope. It results from blood pooling in the lower part of the body and decrease in blood flow to the brain. It is not considered as serious as other heat-related illnesses. Prevention includes avoiding long period of standing and getting acclimated to hot weather. Treatment consists of resting in a cooler location.

Heat CrampsThe symptoms of this form of heat stress include heavy sweating and cramps or spasms in the legs, arms or stomach. Treatment options include resting in a cool place, drinking water, and gently massaging affected muscles.

Heat ExhaustionHeat exhaustion usually develops after several days exposure to hot temperatures. It occurs when the loss of water by sweating is greater than water intake during exposure. Symptoms include: dizziness; weakness; headache; vomiting; heavy sweating; and clammy, pale, or flushed skin. Treatment includes moving victims to a cool area and placing them on their back with feet elevated, loosen clothing and apply cool compresses or fan the victim, provide sips of water, and call a doctor if the victim faints or vomits.

Heat StrokeHeat stroke is a life-threatening condition where the body loses its ability to regulate body temperature. Heat stroke can lead to coma or death. Symptoms include: running a temperature; skin that is hot, dry, and reddish in color; rapid heart rate; dizziness, nausea, headache, mental confusion, convulsions, and unconsciousness. Treatment options include moving the victim to a cooler location, wetting the skin with water, and vigorous fanning. Prompt medical treatment is very important.



TENSION POR EL CALOR:

Dado el clima de Colorado, la tensión del calor es un riesgo que anualmente amenaza a los trabajadores agrícolas. La tensión de calor ocurre cuando el cuerpo junta más calor del que puede tolerar. La exposición continua a un ambiente caliente puede llevar a enfermedades relacionadas con el calor, disminución en el desempeno del trabajo, y aumentar la probabilidad de accidentes. Abajo hay una lista de formas de tensión de calor, junto con el tratamiento y opciones para prevención.

Salpullido de calorEl salpullido de calor es una señal temprana de tensión de calor. Un salpullido se desarrolla en áreas pequeñas de la piel e interrumpe la producción de sudor. Reducir la exposición es el método de prevención primario para el salpullido de calor. El tratamiento incluye el lavado de la área afectada y aplicar loción.

Síncope de CalorMareos o desmayárse cuando andas en el calor se conoce como síncope de calor. Es el resultado de sangre agrupada en la parte más baja del cuerpo y disminucion del flujo de la sangre al cerebro. No es considerado tan serio como otras enfermedades relacionadas con el calor. La prevención incluye evitar estar de pie por largos periodos de tiempo y aclimatarse al tiempo caliente. El tratamiento consiste en descansar en un lugar más fresco.

Calambres por el calorLos síntomas de esta forma de tensión de calor incluyen sudar mucho y calambres o espasmos en las piernas, brazos o estómago. Las opciones del tratamiento incluyen descansar en un lugar fresco, beber agua, y dar masaje suave a los músculos afectados.

Agotamiento por el CalorNormalmente el agotamiento por el calor se desarrolla después de varios dias de exposición a temperaturas calientes. Ocurre cuando la pérdida de agua por medio del sudor es mayor a la agua que se toma durante la exposición. Los síntomas incluyen: mareos; debilidad; dolor de cabeza; vomitar; sudar demasiado; y piel fria y humeda, palida, o ruborizada. El tratamiento incluye mover a las víctimas a una área fresca y acostarlas de espalda con los pies elevados, soltarles la ropa y aplicar comprimidos frescos o hacerle aire a la víctima, proporcionarle tragos de agua, y llamar a un doctor si la víctima se desmaya o se vomita.

Ataque de calorEl ataque de calor es una condición vida-amenazante dónde el cuerpo pierde la habilidad de regular la temperatura del cuerpo. El ataque de calor puede llevar a coma o muerte. Los síntomas incluyen: tener temperatura; piel que está caliente, seca, y de color rojizo; ritmo rapido del corazón; mareo, náusea, dolor de cabeza, confusión mental, convulsiones, e inconsciencia. Las opciones del tratamiento incluyen mover la víctima a un lugar más fresco, mojar la piel con agua, y abaniqueo vigoroso. Tratamiento médico inmediato es muy importante.



COLD STRESS:Serious health problems can result from prolonged exposure to the cold. The most common cold-related problems are hypothermia and frostbite.

HypothermiaWhen exposed to cold temperatures, your body begins to lose heat faster than it can be produced. Prolonged exposure to cold will eventually use up your body’s stored energy. The result is hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature. A body temperature that is too low affects the brain, making the victim unable to think clearly or move well. This makes hypothermia particularly dangerous because a person may not know it is happening and won’t be able to do anything about it. Hypothermia is most likely at very cold temperatures, but can occur even at cool temperatures (above 40*F) if a person becomes chilled from rain, sweat, or submersion in cold water.

Warning signs range from shivering, exhaustion, confusion, fumbling hands, memory loss, slurred speech, drowsiness, bright red, cold skin, and very low energy. If you notice any of these signs, take the person’s temperature. If it is below 95*, the situation is an emergency, get medical attention immediately. If medical care is not available begin warming the person, as follows: get the victim into a warm room or shelter, remove wet clothing, warm the center of the body first, encourage the conscious person to drink non-alcoholic warm beverages, while increasing body temperature keep the person dry and wrapped up in blanket, and get medical attention as soon as possible. In some cases a person with severe hypothermia may be unconscious and may not seem to have a pulse or to be breathing. In this case, handle the victim gently, and get emergency immediately. Even if the victim appears dead, CPR should be provided.

FrostbiteFrostbite is an injury to the body that is caused by freezing. Frostbite causes a loss of feeling and color in affected areas. It most often affects the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers, or toes. Frostbite can permanently damage the body, and severe cases can lead to amputation.

Frostbite can be recognized by signs of redness or pain in any skin area, white or grayish-yellow skin area, skin feels unusually firm or waxy, and numbness. A victim is often unaware of frostbite until someone else points it out because the frozen tissues are numb. If you detect frostbite get the person into a warm room as soon as possible. If toes or feet are frostbitten do not allow the person to walk, immerse the affected are in warm water or warm the affected area using body heat, and do not rub the frostbitten area with snow or massage, this can cause more damage. Finally, do not use a heating pad, heating lamp, or the heat of a stove, fireplace, or radiator for warming.


Colorado Livestock Association Safety Reference Manual

Wind Chill FactorActual air temperature °F

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20Apparent temperature °F

4 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -205 37 32 27 22 16 11 6 1 -5 -10 -15 -20 -2610 28 22 16 10 4 -3 -9 -15 -21 -27 -33 -40 -4620 18 11 4 -3 -10 -18 -25 -32 -39 -46 -53 -60 -6730 13 5 -2 -10 -18 -25 -33 -41 -48 -56 -64 -71 -7940 10 2 -6 -14 -22 -29 -37 -45 -53 -61 -69 -77 -85

50 9 1 -7 -15 -23 -31 -39 -47 -55 -63 -71 -79 -87

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TENSION POR EL FRIO:Problemas de salud serios pueden ser el resultado de la exposición prolongada al frío. Los problemas relacionados con el frío más comúnes son la hipotermia y piel quemada por el hielo (frostbite)

HipotermiaCuando expuesto a temperaturas frías, su cuerpo empieza a perder el calor más rápidamente de lo que lo puede producir. La exposición prolongada al frío gastará eventualmente la energía reservada de su cuerpo. El resultado es la hipotermia, o temperatura del cuerpo anormalmente baja. Una temperatura del cuerpo que es demasiado baja afecta al cerebro, haciendo a la víctima incapaz de pensar claramente o moverse bien. Esto hace a la hipotermia particularmente peligrosa porque una persona pueda no darse cuenta de que está pasando y no podrá hacer nada al respecto. La hipotermia es más probable en temperaturas muy frías, pero incluso puede ocurrir en temperaturas frescas (arriba de 40*F) si una persona se enfría debido a la lluvia, sudor, o sumersión al agua fría.

Senales de advertencia van desde temblar, cansancio, confusion, manos temblorosas, perdida de memoria, platica no clara, adormecimiento, piel muy roja, piel fria, y muy poca energia. Si usted nota cualquiera de estas señales, tome la temperatura de la persona. Si está abajo de 95 *, la situación es una emergencia, consiga atención médica inmediatamente. Si no hay cuidado médico disponible empieze a calentar a la persona, de la siguiente manera: meta a la víctima a un cuarto o albergue calientito, quitele la ropa húmeda, caliente el centro del cuerpo primero, anime a la persona consciente a que beba bebidas calientitas no-alcohólicas, mientras aumenta la temperatura del cuerpo, mantenga a la persona seca y envuelta en una cobija y consiga atención médica lo más pronto que sea posible. En algunos casos una persona con hipotermia severa puede estar inconsciente y pueda parecer que no tenga pulso o que no este respirando. En este caso,trate a la victima cuidados samente,y consiga emergencia inmediatamente. Aunque la víctima parezca estar muerta,CPR debe proporcionarse.

Frostbite (Dano a la piel sufrido por causa de la helada)Frostbite (helada) es una lesión al cuerpo que es causada por la congelacion. Frostbite (helada) causa la pérdida del sentir y del color en las áreas afectadas. En la mayoria de los casos afecta la nariz, orejas, mejillas, barbilla, dedos de pies y manos. Frostbite (helada) puede dañar al cuerpo permanentemente, y en casos severos puede llevar a la amputación.

Frostbite (congelada) puede reconocerse por las señales de piel rojiza o dolor en cualquier área de la piel, area de piel blanca o amarilla-grisácea, la piel se siente extraordinariamente firme o cerosa, y entumecimiento. La víctima a menudo no se da cuenta de que tiene frostbite (congelada) hasta que alguien más se lo señala porque los tejidos congelados están dormidos. Si detecta congelada (frostbite), meta a la persona a un cuarto calientito lo más pronto posible. Si los dedos de los pies o los pies están congelados (frostbitten) no permita que la persona camine, meta la area afectada en agua calientita o caliente la área afectada usando el calor del cuerpo, y no frote el área congelada (frostbitten) con nieve ni le de masaje, esto puede causar más daño. Finalmente, no use una almohadilla calorífica, lámpara calorífica, o el calor de una estufa, chimenea, o radiador para calentar.

Firma del Empleado: _____________________________ Fecha: _______________________

Colorado Livestock Association Safety Reference Manual

Factor del Viento FrioTemperatura aerea real °F

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20Temperatura aparente °F

4 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -205 37 32 27 22 16 11 6 1 -5 -10 -15 -20 -2610 28 22 16 10 4 -3 -9 -15 -21 -27 -33 -40 -4620 18 11 4 -3 -10 -18 -25 -32 -39 -46 -53 -60 -6730 13 5 -2 -10 -18 -25 -33 -41 -48 -56 -64 -71 -7940 10 2 -6 -14 -22 -29 -37 -45 -53 -61 -69 -77 -85

50 9 1 -7 -15 -23 -31 -39 -47 -55 -63 -71 -79 -87

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servicelink.pinnacol.com · web viewcargue los objetos pesados cerca del cuerpo y use dos manos...

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