x curso de gestión internacional de crisis luis caamaño gestiÓn de crisis en la otan instituto...

X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis

Luis Caamaño

GESTIÓN DE CRISIS EN LA OTAN

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO GENERAL GUTIÉRREZ MELLADO


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“ la OTAN, que empezó siendo una organización de

defensa, que en 1991 se transformó en una organización de defensa y seguridad, que tras la cumbre de Lisboa de 2010 se convirtió en una organización de seguridad y defensa, de seguir este camino terminará siendo una organización clásica de seguridad”


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Evolución doctrinal de la OTAN.

Procedimiento de gestión de crisis.

Operaciones.

GUIÓN

IX Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis

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… armed attack against one or more ....shall be considered anattack against them all… and each of them… willassist the party or parties… by taking ..., individually and in concert withthe other parties, such action as it deems necessary, including theuse of armed force

Article 5


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…las partes se consultarán cuando a juicio de cualquiera de ellas, la integridad territorial, la independencia política o la seguridad de cualquiera de las partes fuese amenazada.

Artículo 4


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CONCEPTO ESTRATÉGICO 2010

”…NATO has a unique and robust set of political and military capabilities to address the full spectrum of crisis – before, during and after conflict. NATO will actively employ an appropiate mix of those political and military tools….”.


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TIPOS DE CRISIS Y OPERACIONES DE RESPUESTA

Artículo 5: Defensa colectiva.

No Artículo 5: Operaciones de gestión de crisis.

Intervenciones humanitarias o en desastres naturales o tecnológicos.


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• EAPC• PfP• NUC• NGC• Mediterranean Dialogue• Istanbul Cooperation

Initiative

CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA GESTION DE CRISIS

EUROPEAN UNION

Strategic PartnershipFramework for NATO - EU dialogue Implementation of Berlin PlusMutually reinforcing military capabilitiesCooperation in ‘joint’ theatresCooperation in fight against terrorism

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NATO- RUSSIA COUNCIL

• NRCRUS

“We spend too much energy on what divides us.

We should instead focus on what unites us. ”


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MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE

EGYPT JORDAN

ISRAEL

MAURITANIA

MOROCCO TUNISIA

ALGERIA


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ISTANBUL COOPERATION INITIATIVE

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Q A T A R

K U W A I T BAHRAIN

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

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NATO HEADQUARTERS


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DEFINICIÓN

”…es el conjunto de medidas militares y no militares que son necesarias adoptar para responder a una situación de crisis que amenace la seguridad nacional o internacional”.

North Atlantic Council NAC highest authority Decisions by

consensus Only

Perm Reps represent all elements of government

Political control of the military at all times

NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL

SGSGCMCCMC SoCSoC

16


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KEY CM COMMITTEES

Policy Coordination Group (PCG): handles pol/mil guidance & crisis management measures; acts as ‘lead committee’ in advising NAC…

Military Committee (MC): advises the Council on the conduct of military affairs, but it is NOT part of the NATO C2 structure

Political Committee (PC): handles political developments & options, public affairs

Senior Civil Emergency Planning Committee (SCEPC): handles civil preparedness and support to the military


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CRISIS MANAGEMENT TASK FORCE

Multi-disciplinary, internationally staffed coordination task force(s) established early in the crisis by the SG

Provides advice to Secretary General, and coordinates recommendations to NAC throughout the lifecycle of a crisis

Representation from: IS operations, political, defence planning & public diplomacy staffs, IMS (ops/intel) & SCs, plus expertise (legal) as required

Exercise CMTFs established for high-level exercises


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CM OBJECTIVES • Contribute to effective

conflict prevention • Manage crises effectively

to prevent them becoming conflicts

• Ensure timely civil and military preparedness

• If hostilities, control, prevent escalation and persuade aggressor to cease attack & withdraw

• When escalation and hostilities stopped, de-escalate


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POLITICAL-MILITARY ESTIMATE PROCESS

PHASE 2

Assessment

PHASE3

ResponseOptions

Development

PHASE 4

PHASE 5

Planning Execution

PHASE 1

Indications &

Warning

PHASE 4

Planning

And

Execution

PHASE 5

Return

To

Stability

PHASE 6

NATO CRISIS MANAGEMENT PROCESS


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Crisis Management at NATO

Through consultationAssess the situation

Consider optionsTake decision

Integrated Preventive Options and Crisis Response Measures

Pol/Mil + CEP NATO Intelligence & Warning System NATO’s Operational Planning System CEP Crisis Management Arrangements

Comprehensive Art 5 & non-Art 5 operations Defence against terrorism & Counter proliferation

Flexible Adaptable to varied crises situations Calibrated responses

Preventive/Precautionary Preventive Options to prevent crisis escalation & conflict Crisis Response Measures to enhance Alliance preparedness

NATO Crisis Response System (NCRS)

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Luis Caamaño

NATO CRISIS RESPONSE SYSTEM (NCRS)

• NATO works by consensus, respecting national sovereignty– But, decision-making is complicated and can be time

consuming• NCRS aims to aid decision-making

– But, its use must take account of political, as well as military and civil perspectives

• NCRS provides a means to get nations to take appropriate preparatory action, even before a decision on any major action has been made– It’s all about saving time in decision-making.

What Is It - really?

NATO CRISIS RESPONSE PLANNING

1 - Situation Awareness/Knowledge development

4 - Strategic CONOPS Development

5 - Strategic OPlan Development

(Force Generation)

6 - ExecutionCampaign Assessment/

OPlan Review7 - Transition

SH

AP

EJF

CH

Q N

AT

O

NATO Crisis Response Planning

Phase 1 Indicators and Warnings

Phase 4 Planning

Phase 3 Development of Response

Options

Phase 2 Assessment of

the Crisis

Phase 5 Execution

Phase 6Return to Stability

3 – Operational Orientation

2 – Operational Appreciation

and assessment of Options

4 – Operational Concept

Development

1 – SituationAwareness/Knowledge

Development

5 – Operational OPlan Development

6- Operational Direction Campaign Assessment

OPlan Review7 Transition

Information

Sharing

Disengagement Planning

Force Activation Directive

NAC Request for Principal Military

Requirements

Strategic Planning DirectiveOperational

Advice

SACEUR’s Strategic

Assessment

SACEUR’s OPlan

3 Response Options

2 Strategic Assessment

SACEUR’s Response Options

Warning Order

ACTORD

NAC Decision

Sheet Request for

Options

SACEUR’sCONOPS

NAC IDExecution Directive

Request for Advice

Information Sharing

Operational

ConceptJoint

OPlan

SACEUR’s OPlan

Assessment

SACEUR’s Mission

Progress Report

NAC ID

Disengagement Planning

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Operates

NATO COMMUNICATIONS

Provides

SUPPORTGIS

CMFACILITIES

Provides

Maintains

CRISIS INFORMATION

EnsuresINT & INFOflow

NATO HQ

CAPITALS

STRATEGIC COMMANDERS

Supports briefings

PRESENTATIONS

POLITICALMILITARY

ECONOMICMATTERS

Monitors

CENTRAL AGENCY

Crisis ManagementInformation

Acts As

NATOSituation Centre

NATOSituation Centre


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• Cumbre de Chicago 2012:• Smart defense• Connected forces

• Cumbre de Gales 2014• Readiness Action Plan• Refuerzo de NRF

ADAPTACIÓN AL NUEVO ENTONO ESTRATEGICO Y ECONOMICO


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• A disposición OSCE y NNUU 1992• SFOR / IFOR 1995• Kosovo 1999• Active endeavour 2001• Macedonia 2002• Darfur/ Iraq• ISAF

OPERACIONES OTAN DE GESTIÓN DE CRISIS


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CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS OPERACIONES OTAN

MISIONES ROBUSTAS

CONJUNCIÓN TRANSATLÁNTICA

PARTICIPACIÓN DE TERCEROS PAISES


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Afganistán

Kosovo

Controlando el Mar Mediterráneo Contrapiratería en el Cuerno de África Apoyo a la Unión Africana

OPERACIONES EN MARCHA ACTUALMENTE


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La OTAN en Bosnia Herzegovina La OTAN en Macedonia Operaciones contraterroristas La segunda guerra del Golfo Protección de grandes acontecimientos públicos La OTAN en Iraq El huracán Katrina Asistencia humanitaria en el terremoto en Pakistán Asistencia a la Unión Africana en Darfur, Sudan Contrapiratería en el Golfo de Adén y el Cuerno de África La OTAN en Libia

OPERACIONES YA FINALIZADAS


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Guerra FríaDespués de la Guerra Fría

Operación Anchor Guard (Agosto 1990 – Marzo 1991

Operación Ace Guard (Enero 1991 – Marzo 1991Operación Allied Goodwill I & II (Febrero

1992 – Marzo 1992Operación Agile Genie (Mayo 1992

OPERACIONES DESDE 1949 HASTA LOS PRIMEROS AÑOS 90

x curso de gestión internacional de crisis luis caamaño gestiÓn de crisis en la otan instituto...

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