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Vol 15 || Issue 5 || Tel (416) 459-5964 || Oct/Nov 2009 || www.hawarya.net | | [email protected]
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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
2
Hawarya- Amharic MonthlyOwned by African Network Inc.
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የኢትዮጵያና ሱዳን ድንበር ክለላ መስከረም 29 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. (October 9, 2009) እንደሚጀመር በእንግሊዘኛ ቋንቋ የሚታተመው ዕለታዊ የሱዳን ጋዜጣ ሱዳን ትሪቢውን መስከረም 8 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. ( September 18, 2009 ) ከዘገበው በኋላ፤ የድንበር ኮሚቴው ጉዳዩን በተመለከት ለኢትዮጵያውያን ወገኖቹ መስከረም 16 ቀን 2002 (September 26, 2009) ዓ. ም. መግለጫ ማውጣቱ የሚታወስ ነው። ከዚያም በማስከተል፤ የድንበር ኮሚቴው አባላት ለልዩ ልዩ የዜና ማሰራጫ አውታሮች በሰጡት ቃለ-ምልልሶች ወያኔ ከኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ ጀርባ የሚሸርበውን ሥውር ደባ አጋልጠዋል። አሁንም በማጋለጥ ላይ ይገኛሉ። ይህ ከፍተኛ የሃገር ክህደት ሊቀሰቅስ የሚችለውን ኢትዮጵያዊ ቁጣና ከዚያም ተከትሎ የሚመጣውን አደጋ በመገንዘብ፤ የወያኔ ውጭ ጉዳይ ሚኒስቴር በድረ-ገጹ ላይ ወደ መስከረም 2002 ዓ.ም. መጨረሻ አንድ ማደናገሪያ መግለጫ አውጥቷል። ይኸው ማደናገሪያው መግለጫ በአጭሩ እንዲህ ይላል፡- “ አርብ መስከረም 18 ቀን 2009 በሱዳን ትሪቢውን ድረ-ገጽ ላይ በሱዳንና በኢትዮጵያ የድንበር ክለላው በጥቅምት 9 ቀን 2009 ይጀመራል ብሎ የሱዳንን የሃገር ውስጥ ጉዳይ ሚኒስትር በመጥቅስ ያወጣው ዜና ስህተት እና የሱዳንና የኢትዮጵያ የፖለቲካ ኮሚቴ (Ethio-Sudan Political Committee) ከግንቦት 18 እስከ 19 ቀን 2009 በአዲስ አበባ የመጀመሪያ ስብሰባ አድርጎ ያስተላለፈውን ውሳኔ የሚቃረን ነው። በውሳኔው መሰረት፤ የፖለቲካው ኮሚቴ ለጋራ ድንበር ኮሚቴው (Joint Boundary Committee) የሰጠው ትእዛዝ ጠቅላላ ድንበሩን በአስቸኳይ ከዜሮ ነጥብ ወደ ደቡብ አቅጣጫ የሚያጠቃልል ሙሉ በሙሉ ቅየሳና ቅኝት (Survey and reconnaissance) የሚደረግበትን የጊዜ ሰንጠረጅ እንዲያዘጋጅ ነው።የፖለቲካው ኮሚቴ ሌላው የተስማማበት ደግሞ፤ የአጠቃላይ የድንበሩ ቅየሳና ቅኝት ከማለቁ በፊት ዳግም የድንበር ክለላ (re-demarcation )እንደማይጀመር ነው።በጋራ ፖለቲካ ኮሚቴ ውሳኔ አኳያ፤ የጋራ ድንበር ቴክኒክ ኮሚቴ አዲስ አበባ ላይ ግንቦት 20 ቀን 2009 ባካሄደው ልዩ ስብሰባ የተስማማው፤ አጠቃላይ የድንበሩ ቅየሳና ቅኝት በጥቅምት 15 ቀን 2009 ተጀምሮ እስከ ግንቦት 2010 መጠናቀቅ እንዳለበት ነው። በዚሁ መሠረት፤ የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት በራሱ በኩል በአለው የጋራ ድንበር ቴክኒክ ኮሚቴ የታቀደ ቅየሳና ቅኝት ሥራን ለማካሄድ የሚያስችለውን ቅድመ ዝግጅት በማካሄድ ላይ ነው። የሱዳን ሃገር ውስጥ ጉዳይ ሚኒስትር ድንበር ክለላው በሚቀጥለው ወር ይጀመራል ብለው የሰጡት መግለጫ ስህተት ነው። ስህተቱም ከቅንነት የመነጨ ነው ብለን እናምናለን...” ይላል። እንደተለመደው የወያኔ ቡድን ቃሉን ከማጠፉ በፊት፤ ይህ የውጭ ጉዳይ ሚኒስቴሩ መግለጫ ያመናቸውን ሦስት ( 3 ) አብይ ጉዳዮች ማገናዘብ ተገቢ ነው። እነርሱም፦ 1ኛ. የኢትዮጵያና ሱዳን የፖለቲካ ኮሚቴ (Ethio-Sudan Political Committee) ተብሎ የሚጠራ ከፍተኛ አካል መኖሩና የኢትዮጵያና የሱዳን የጋራ ድንበር ኮሚቴም (Ethio-Sudan Joint Boundary Committee) በፖለቲካው ኮሚቴ ሥር እንደሚሠራ፤ ይህ የኮሚቴ አወቃቀርና አሰራር ለረጅም ዓመታት ከኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ ተደብቆ የቆየና ወያኔ ሲጋለጥ ተጨንቆ ያወጣው ምስጢር ነው። 2ኛ. የኢትዮጵያና የሱዳን የጋራ የድንበር ኮሚቴም (Ethio-Sudan Joint Boundary Committee) ከጥቅምት 5 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. (October 15, 2009) እስከ ግንቦት 2002 ዓ.ም.(May 2010) ድረስ የኢትዮጵያና ሱዳን ድንበርንና አካባቢውን ሙሉ በሙሉ እንደሚቀይስና ቅኝት እንደሚያደርግ፤ ይህ ደግሞ ወያኔ ሲጋለጥ ያወጣው ሌላው ምሰጢር መሆኑና እንዲያውም ሱዳን ትሪቢውን ያወጣውን ዜና የሚያጎለምስና የሱዳን ሃገር ውስጥ ጉዳይ ሚኒስቴር ድንበሩን ለማካለል የሚያደርገውን ዝግጅት የሚያስተጋባ ነው። 2 3ኛ. የድንበር ክለላው ከግንቦት 2002 ዓ.ም. ( May 2010) በኋላ እንደሚደረግና ከዚህም ጋር አያይዞ ወያኔ ያለፉት የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥታት የተቀበሉት የድንበር ክልል እንዳለ አስምስሎ በማቅረብ አሁን እርሱ
የሚያካሂደው ዳግም የድንበር ክለላ ( re-demarcation ) እንደሆነ መግለጹ፤ ወያኔ ያለፉት የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥታት የተቀበሉት የድንበር ክልል የሚለው ደግሞ፤ ሜጀር ( ሻለቃ ) ጉዊን የተባለ የእንግሊዝ ጦር መኮንን በ1902 ዓ.ም. (እ.አ.አ.) አስምሬአለሁ የሚለውን የወሰን ክልል ነው። ይሁንና የእንግሊዝ ቅኝ ገዥ ሻለቃ ያሰመረው መስመር መሠረት በማድረግ ፀረ-ኢትዮጵያ ወያኔ ቡድን ለሱዳን ይገባታል ብሎ ሽንጡን ገትሮ ኢትዮጵያን የሚሟገትበት የመከራከሪያ ነጥብና ቅጥፈት የሚከተሉት ታሪካዊ መረጃዎች ሙሉ በሙሉ ውድቅ ያደርጉታል፦ 1.ሻለቃ ጉዊን መሬቱን አካልያለሁ ሲልና በወረቀት ሲያሰምር፤ በኢትዮጵያ በኩል አንድም ተወካይ ስለአልነበረ የጉዊን የድንበር ማካለል ተግባር ከቅኝ ገዢዎች ማንአለብኝነት ተለይቶ ስለማይታይና የውል አፈጻጸም ሥርዓት የማይከተል በመሆኑ፤ 2.የ1896 ዓ.ም.(እ.አ.አ.) አድዋ ጦርነት ድል በቅኝ ገዥዎች ላይ በፈጠረው ከፍተኛ መደናገጥ ምክንያት 1902 ዓ.ም. (እ.አ.አ.) አካባቢ እንግሊዝና ጣሊያን በጋራ በመመሳጠር የሰሜንና የምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያን ድንበር ለመግፋት የማይፈጽሙት ሴራ ስለአልነበርና የሻለቃ ጉዊን ተልዕኮም ከዚያ ተገንጥሎ ሊታይ ስለማይችል፤ 3.ከአፄ ምኒልክ ዘመነ መንግሥት በፊትም ይሁን በኋላ ይህ ሻለቃ ጉዊን ከለለው የሚባለው መሬት ምን ጊዜም ከኢትዮጵያ ይዞታ ውጭ ሆኖ ስለማያውቅ፤ እንዲያውም በአፄ ቴዎድሮስና በአፄ ዮሐንስ ዘመነ መንግሥት የኢትዮጵያ ግዛት አሁን ሱዳን ተብሎ ከሚጠራው ሃገር በጣም ወደ ውስጥ የገባ ስለነበር፤ አሁን የመሬት ጥያቄ ከተነሳ የይገባኛል ጥያቄ ለማቅረብ ታሪካዊ መሠረት የአላት ኢትዮጵያ በመሆኗ፤ 4.አሁን ወያኔ ለሱዳን ለመስጠት የሚደገስበት የምዕራብና የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሰፊ ውሃ-ገብ ለም መሬት ደግሞ ለብዙ መቶ ዓመታት በኢትዮጵያ ድንበር ጠባቂዎችና የጎበዝ አለቆች እንደ ዓይን ብሌን እየተጠበቀ ለመቆየቱና ዕልፍ አዕላፍ ውድ ሕይወት እንደተከፈለበት ሕያው የታሪክ ማስረጃዎችና የሚታዩ ሰብዓዊና ተፈጥሯዊ ምስክሮች ስለሚገኙ፤ ስለዚህ ከላይ በተጠቀሱት ማስረጃዎችና በዓለም-አቀፍ የአሠራር ደንብ መሠረት፤ ወያኔ ከሱዳን ጋር የሚያደርገው የድንበር ክለላ ስምምነት ውድቅ ነው። ከዚህም ባሻገር፤ ከዋናው ባለጉዳይ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ በስተጀርባ የሚደረግ ማንኛውም ዓይነት ስምምነት ይሁን የድንበር ክለላ ጊዜውን ጠብቆ የሚፈነዳ ፈንጂ እንጂ ምንም ዓይነት ተቀባይነት እንደማይኖረው መታወቅ አለበት። ከዚህም ሌላ ወያኔ ኢትዮጵያን ለማዳከምና ብሎም ለማፈራረስ የተጠቀመበተ ዘዴ የቅኝ ገዢዎች ለራሳቸው ጥቅም ማስጠበቂያ ያሰመሩትን የድንበር መስመር በመቀበልና የቅኝ ገዢ ጠበብትን እንደ ምስክር በመጠቀም ነው። ይህ የወያኔ ገዢ ቡድን ሃገራችን ኢትዮጵያን ከዓለም ካርታ ለማጥፋት የሚያደርገውን የረቀቀ ውስብስብ ደባና ተንኮል እያንዳንዱ ኢትዮጵያዊ በጽሞና ተረድቶ፤ በልቡ ቀርጾ ይዞ ለታሪክና ለትውልድ ማስተላለፍ አለበት። ምን ያህል ወደር የሌለው ፀረ-ኢትዮጵያዊነት ስሜት በወያኔ ደም ሥር ውስጥ እንዳለ ለማስረዳት፤ የወያኔ መሪ መለስ ዜናዊ ለወያኔ ፓርላማ ማክሰኞ ግንቦት 12 ቀን 2000 ዓ.ም. የኢትዮጵያንና ሱዳንን ድንበር ጉዳይ በተመለከተ ባደረገው ንግግር የሱዳን ሕዝብና መንግሥት ብሔራዊ ጥቅም አስጠባቂና ተሟጋች ጠበቃ በመሆን የተናገረውን እንጠቅሳለን፦ “የእኔ የኔ ነው የእናንተን እንካፈል የሚል የኢትዮጵያን ተስፋፊነት አቋም ተሸክሞ ነው ያደረው፤ ይህን ተቀብሎ ነው ያደረው የሱዳን መንግሥት፣ ይህን ተቀብሎ ማደሩ ደግሞ እንደ ጅልነት ተደርጎ ሊወሰድ አይችልም፤ አርቆ አሳቢነትን ያመለክታል፣ የጋራ ጥቅም ማየትን ያመለክታል።” 3 ውድ ኢትዮጵያውያን ሆይ! የአንድ ትውልድ ኃላፊነት ቀዳማይ ትውልዶች ያስተላለፉትን የሃገርን ድንበርና ቅርስ፣ ቢቻል አሻሽሎና የበለጠ አጠናክሮ ባይቻል ደግሞ የተረከበውን ሙሉ በሙሉ ለሚቀጥለው ትውልድ ማስተላለፍ ነው።
አሁን በሕይወት ያለው ኢትዮጵያዊ ትውልድ ከአባቶቹ የተረከባትን ኢትዮጵያ ለሚቀጥለው ትውልድ የማስተላለፍ ግዴታ አለበት። እነ አፄ ቴዎድሮስ፣ አፄ ዮሐንስ፣ ራስ አሉላ አባ ነጋ፣ አፄ ምኒልክ፣ ቀስቶ፣ አባ ጅፋር፣ ደጃዝማች ዑመር ሰመተር፣ ደጃዝማች በላይ ዘለቀ፣ ደጃዝማች አበረ ይማም፣ ቢትወደድ አሊ ሚራህ፣ ራስ ውብነህ ተሰማ፣ ቢትወደድ አዳነ መኮንን፣ ሻለቃ አጣናው ዋሴ፣ ከዚያም የኡጋዴን፣ የቦረና፣ የገለብና ሃመርባኮ፣ የጋምቤላ ጀግኖች፣ ከዚያም ተያይዞ በቤንሻንጉል፣ በአሶሳ፣ በኦሜድላ፣ በቋራ፣ በአርማጭሆ፣ በጠገዴና ወልቃይት የኖሩ አያሌ ገበሬና ከብት አርቢ ወገኖቻችን፤ የኢትዮጵያን ድንበር ያስተላለፉልን በተለያዩ ጊዜያት የመጡትን ወራሪዎች ጋር በመፋለም ታላቅ ታሪካዊ ጀግንነት በመስራት በአጥንታቸው አጥረውና በደማቸው አስምረው ነው። እነዚህ አባቶቻችንና እናቶቻችን ያን ያደረጉት ፣ ቤተሰቦቻቸውን ተሰናብተው ደረቅ ስንቅ ጭነው ለብዙ ወራት በባዶ እግራቸው ተጉዘው አስፈሪ በርሃና ዱር
ወንዝና ዥረት አቋርጠው፤ ብዙዎችም በውሀ ጥም፣ በርሃብና በበሽታ መንገድ ላይ ቀርተው የተረፉት ድንበሩ ደርሰው በጦርና በሠይፍ ውርጅብኝ መካከል አልፈው ሕይወታቸውን ሰጥተውበት ነው። በተጨማሪም የታሪክ ማኅደር እንደሚያስረዳን፤ አሁን ወያኔ ለሱዳን ለማስረከብ የሚደግስለት የመተማ አካባቢ መሬት አፄ ዮሐንስ የኢትዮጵያን ዳር ድንበር ለማስከበር ከወራሪው የሱዳን ደርቡሽ ጦር ጋር በመፋለም አንገታቸውን በሰጡበት በመጋቢት 2 ቀን 1881ዓ.ም. ዕለት ከትግራይ፣ ከጎንደር፣ ከወሎና ከሌሎች ቦታዎች ለብዙ ወራት ተጉዘው በቦታው የተገኙ በብዙ ሽህ የሚቆጠሩ ወገኖቻችን ታሪካዊ ጀብዱ ፈጽመው ለሃገራቸው ክብር ደማቸውን ያፈሰሱበትና አጥንታቸውን የከሰከሱበት ቦታ ነው። ታዲያ ስንት መስዋዕትነት የተከፈለበትን ሃገር የውያኔ ቡድን አያት ቅድመ-አያቶቻችን በሠሩት ቤተ መንግሥት መሽጎ የሃገራችንን ዳር ድንበር እንደ ዳቦ እየቆረሰ ለባእድ አገር በችርቻሮ ሲያስረክብ ዝም ብሎ እንደማየት የበለጠ አስነዋሪና አሳፋሪ ሕይወት ሊኖር
አይችልም። ኢትዮጵያዊ ሁሉ ይህን የሃገር ክህደት እጥብቆ ሊቃወመውና ሃገራዊ ግዴታውን ለመወጣት የሃገሩን ዳር ድንበር ለማስከበር ቆርጦ መነሳት አለበት። ስለዚህ በወቅቱ ከእየአንዳንዳችን የሚጠበቀው ከዋናው ባለጉዳዩ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ በስተጀርባ፤ የድንበር ጠባቂ ወገኖቻችንን በማፈናቀል እየተደረገ ያለውን የሃገር ክህደትና የመሬት ችርቻሮ ለድንበሩ ቀናኢና ለወገኑ ተቆርቋሪ ለሆነው ኢትዮጵያዊ ወገናችን ማለትም፦ ለወታደሩ፣ ለአርሶ-አደሩ፣ ለወዝ-አደሩ፣ ለመንግሥት ሠራተኛው፣ በተለያየ የሥራ ዘርፎች ለተሰማራው ሙያተኛ፣ ለተማሪው፣ ለወጣቱ፣ ለሴቶችና አረጋውያን በያሉበት ዜናዎችን በአፋጣኝ በማድረስ በአንድነት እንዲነሱና አቅማቸው በፈቀደው ደረጃ ሃገር ከሃዲውንና ሻጭ የወያኔ ቡድንን በአጽንዖት እንዲታገሉና እንዲቃወሙ ጥሪ ማቅረብ ነው። የኢትዮጵያ ዳር ድንበር በቆራጥ ልጆቿ ተጋድሎ ይከበራል!!! ኢትዮጵያ ለዘላለም ትኑር !!! የኢትዮጵያ ድንበር ጉዳይ ኮሚቴ
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¹¨�Æ‚ ¹R^}� zd{ò¬‚ vOÓw| I¾ �€«"" veõ^« ¹zÑ’« ¹eú`| ™õn] ÅÒõ ›¹cÖ dH ¹c+| ¹R^}� bá‚ ž«ÅÅ` RÖ�mm*¼« eõ^ On[w€« zŠÑ["" àxÛw« mÖH"" vÅ�Ñ| ™�Å c« 21 ž&H:S|\� 42 ž&H: S|` žaÖ‚« ž™&|¿å¼ª*~ ™|H+| žRŒ Ôv� Ò` v›ž#J c®| «ÅÅ\� Û[c"" veõ^« ¹Šv`« c« žõz“ U^J cÖ«"" ¹Ò±+Ö•‚ |ž#[|T ¨À±&F c« ´["" v±&F «ÅÅ` žOdzñ vzÛR] vOà« T`Þ ›�ÀR¾dzõ vOÓHç# Šv` ž�z*ü Äû&Å QH` |ž#[| ¹dv«"" v±&F ODJ ™|H+| ™RŒ Ôv� [ž`Å vOYv` \Þª� RÖ�mu% žõz“ ™Å�p| Šv` žzOJŸ€% ¹z€^|"" ž±&¼T ¹™T�ª iT÷*¿� PH# cyn� žvv#j D¾H+ zž{|H« vOÓw| v™Ÿwv&« ¹Šv[«� ¹Yú`| ›õn] ™Êx ™c’%|"" w�Ä^‚� žõ xI ›�Å|«HvHx� ¹AÑ^‚� eT vReÖ^{€« TeÒ� ¾Ów€«"" ›Š±&F ™&|¿å¼ª*¼� ™|H+}‚ v}a�} ÔÃ�¬‚ I¾ eH Ozwv`– v™�ÅŠ| H™�Å ®IR OY^| T� ¼FJ «Ö+{R ›�ÀQ¼À`Ó� ž{HO« Óx ›�ÀQ¼À`e ™ezT[«�J""
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
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™[�ÕÄ« Ô`õ v}a�} የወያኔ የተለመደ ቅጥፈትና ማደናገሪያ
ከኢትዮጵያ ድንበር ጉዳይ ኮሚቴ የተሰጠ መግለጫ ጥቅምት 5 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. (October 15, 2009 )
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
4
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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
5
Hç[-R`¼T z�wI| ¹m[v TÓ{`!)
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™&|¿å¼�� ™+`|^� vT� ™¾Š| OJ¡ RÑ�’| ¾�IJ HQH« `›e BHz% TB^� ¹¹vž#I€«� ™ez¼¹| cØzªJ"" BHz%T TB^� vBHz%T AÑa‚ ™�ÅŠ|� «FÀ| ¹Q¼T‹ c&G� JºŠ}�€« ùaôc` Ã�™+J ¹BHz% ™Ña‚ «FÀ| ÇvïÄ_j�È ¾B� c&H#– ùaôc` õeKé¿� ÀÓU Çv¢�ïÀ_j�È ¾B� Š« ¹QH#|""
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ÇÛª{ ï[c Ãy zp[cÈ ›�þG
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
6
• ™&QÓ_j� • û&² • ¹FÓ «¡J�
z*ŸT ž+ II– ¹FÓ Övn
Toronto Main Office: 1203B Bloor St. W., Toronto, ON, M6H 1N4 (Between Lansdowne & Dufferin)
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z�Ò]¬‚ vcÚ€« ÖnQ O�À`À]¼¬‚ I¾ vOŠd| zd{ò¬‚ cò «¾¾| ¼ŸEÁ� ÖnQ zO¡a¬‚� ¹zHª¨Ö# c&G�– v¢�ï[�c# ™±ÒЂ vž#J žõz“ ™Å�p|� ™|`ó<J"" žBH#T vI¾ Kª`¼ |Jo |ž#[| zcØ~| Šv`"" H+H:‚ BHz% ¹F|O| «Ö+}‚ ¹Q±ÒË| v›�ÓH&³“ u�u c&G�– Kª`¼ Ó� OW[~� wFIª* u�uª� vRÅ[Õ H¢�ï[�c# ¹«¾¾| ®IR ¹ÑÖO Šv`"" BH#T z¨Ÿ¿‚ vz-IHï« OJ›¡| OW[| ¹F|O| «Ö+}�€«� o̬‚ ¾±« OØz« eHŠv` H¢�ï[�c# zd{ò¬‚ ›¾{ m`w;J""
¹Œ« ¿`¡ v+z OéKõ RFv` ®O{ª* ¹ �ÓÅ |¯¾�|� ¢�ï[�e ™ŸEÀ—
žÑé 1 ¹´[ ¾F BHz“ Ñ&±+¼€« c&G�– v±&F excw ™�ÃHï« excw BH# ™emÅO« ¼R[\|� veT H&Ö\| ¼JïHÑ#| Ñ#þ v&�` '™&|Œ¡' (Ethnic) ¹QH«� OÑHÞ Š«"" ›�ÀO]« ™OHŸž| vŸ�ê*Šz% ¹QvIHØ |�j� |Jo Ÿ�ê* eHH+H ¾F� nJ xÖmT ±+Ô€,� ™d�h+ ¹zOH¡|B ¾OeH“J xHªJ"" vzH¼º `¯f‚ OÓHÞ€«� ¹Ø¼m,� OJe J««Ù�€« I¾ ›¹ÀÒÑP ›�¼³I€« weÀOÖ#| �ÓÓ^€«– Ç™�Å Ÿ�ê*– Ÿ�ê* Š«– Ÿ�ê* Š«– ™¬ Ÿ�ê* Š«!!È (a Ca-
nadian is a Canadian, a Canadian,
and a Canadian!) ¹QH« ¹¯Hz% D¾H nI€« Šv`"" vzH¾R– ±+ÓŠ{€« Ÿ�ê* ¹G‹ ¹RFv[cx ™wI| ¨À¹|«JÅ ™Ña�€« ¨¾T ¹Y^ Ñ#x”|� ¨ÃÏ ±OÅ HOÖ¹o ¨ÀzH¼º ¹®HT ™Ÿwv&¬‚ c&Ñ#ª±# v¹À[c#v| AÑ` vÛŸ” ›Ð‚ I¾ ¨Åm« eHQ€Ñ\� À^j eHQ¼Ö# Ÿ�ê*¼� c&�Ñ\ veS| ¾ª×H#"" Q/` ™&Ó�z,õ (Mr. Igna-
tieff ) |ž#[| cØz« ÑHè žcÖ#w€« Ñ#ÿ‚ OŸžJ ¹™&¢�Q« ÓeÒc+� Y^ ™ØŠ| ‚Ó`– zO××” O�]¼ v+|– |TF`|� Ö+�� ™eOJ¡} cò ÑHè ¼À[Ñ# c&G� ¹®HT Fx[zcx� wF`¼| ™Ÿ{ ¹¼±‚« Ÿ�à v®HT ™mõ Ó�’%Šz%ª x±# J|c^ ›�ÀT|‚J ¼I€«� ØJo ›TŠ| ÑJçªJ"" žUI ÔÀJ ¹OI« ®HT m%ª�m%ª¬‚ Ÿ�à «eØ ¾ŠÑ^H# ¼H#| O]– ±+Ô�‚� Ÿ�à ›�À F�Å� �¾� žOdcH# AÑa‚ ÒJ HQ�^| ¹�ÓÅ Ó�’%Š| vmIH# vOÓww| ™x¾ Q� H&Þ¨z% ¾‚IH# xHªJ""®HT ™mõ Ó�’%Š|� vzOHžz
Jº Jº ؼm¬‚ m`v«I€« Rx^]¼cØzªJ"" ž±&FT ™ž#ª¼– v¹AÑa‚ ¹ÄU¡^c&� cx™ª* Ox}‚ ؼm,– ¹™«ÃQ ¹Ù` Od]¼¬‚� ›joÅÅT vzOHžz– v«¾¾| CÀ| I¾ eIH# {IIo ™HT ™mõ Ñ#ÿ‚ I¾ Jº Jº ؼm,¬‚ m`v«I€« žø`z*¼€« ™m%ªT ™ž#ª¼ Rx^]¼ cØ|ªJ""
¹Ÿ�à xE^ª* ¹FÃ×� F|O|� OÑ�“ T¡` v+| ¹H&v^H#� ø`z* O]
™ez�ÑÀ!
By Jonathan Amos
Science reporter, BBC News
An ancient human-like
creature that may be a di-
rect ancestor to our spe-
cies has been described by
researchers.
The assessment of the 4.4-
million-year-old animal called
Ardipithecus ramidus is re-
ported in the journal Science.
Even if it is not on the direct
line to us, it offers new insights
into how we evolved from the
common ancestor we share
with chimps, the team says.
Fossils of A. ramidus were
fi rst found in Ethiopia in 1992,
but it has taken 17 years to
assess their signifi cance.
The most important speci-
men is a partial skeleton of a
female nicknamed "Ardi".
If Ardipithecus ramidus
was not actually the species
directly ancestral to us, she
must have been closely re-
lated to it The Ardipithecus
project team
The international team has
recovered key bones, includ-
ing the skull with teeth, arms,
hands, pelvis, legs, and feet.
But the researchers have
other fragments that may
represent perhaps at least 36
different individuals, including
youngsters, males, and fe-
males.
One of the lead scientists
on the project, Professor Tim
White from the University of
California, Berkeley, said the
investigation had been pains-
taking.
"It took us many, many years
to clean the bones in the Na-
tional Museum of Ethiopia and
then set about to restore this
skeleton to its original dimen-
sions and form; and then study
it and compare it with all the
other fossils that are known
from Africa and elsewhere, as
well as with the modern age,"
he told the journal.
"This is not an ordinary fos-
sil. It's not a chimp. It's not a
human. It shows us what we
used to be."
Tree life
The fossils come from the
Middle Awash study area in
the Afar Rift, about 230km
northeast of Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia's capital.
Some of the characteristics
of the animal's skeleton are
said to echo features seen
in very ancient apes; others
presage traits seen in later,
more human-like species.
The scientists say 1.2m-high
(4ft) Ardi was good at climb-
ing trees but also walked on
two feet. However she did not
have arched feet like us, indi-
cating that she could not walk
or run for long distances.
"She has opposable great
toes and she has a pelvis that
allows her to negotiate tree
branches rather well," ex-
plained team-member Profes-
sor Owen Lovejoy, from Kent
State University, Ohio.
"So half of her life is spent
in the trees; she would have
nested in trees and occasion-
ally fed in trees, but when
she was on the ground she
walked upright pretty close to
how you and I walk," he told
BBC News.
That she lived in what would
have been a wooded area 4.4
million years ago is somewhat
challenging, says the team. It
had been thought that early
human evolution was driven, if
only in part, by the disappear-
ance of trees - encouraging
our ancestors to walk on the
ground.
"These creatures were living
and dying in a woodland habi-
tat, not an open savannah,"
said Professor White.
Because of its age, Ardip-
ithecus is said to take science
closer to the yet-to-be-found
last common ancestor with
chimps, our close genetic
relatives. And because many
of Ardipithecus' traits do not
appear in modern-day Af-
rican apes, it suggests this
common ancestor may have
existed much further back in
time than had previously been
supposed - perhaps seven or
nine million years ago.
Comparisons with modern
chimp and gorilla anatomy
also under-
line just how
much these
African apes
themselves
have evolved
since part-
ing compa-
ny with the
line that led
eventually to
modern hu-
mans.
R a p i d
evolution
A s k e d
whether A.
ramidus was
our direct an-
cestor or not,
the team said
more fossils
from different
places and
time periods
were needed
to answer the
question.
"We will
need many
more fos-
sil recover-
ies from the
period of
3-5 million
years ago to
conf ident ly
answer that
question in
the future,"
the scien-
tists said in a
briefi ng doc-
ument that accompanied their
journal papers.
"But if Ardipithecus ramidus
was not actually the species
directly ancestral to us, she
must have been closely relat-
ed to it, and would have been
similar in appearance and
adaptation. It has been a 17-
year investigation to assess
the discoveries Independent
experts in the fi eld are struck
by how primitive Ardipithecus
appears compared with the
Australopithecines, another
group of hominid (human-like)
creatures from Africa that lived
slightly nearer to us in time.
One species in particular,
Australopithecus afarensis,
the famous "Lucy" fossil found
in 1974, is very strongly linked
into the human story because
of its developed walking abil-
ity. For Ardipithecus rami-
dus to also sit on that direct
line seemed to require some
rapid evolutionary change,
commented Professor Chris
Stringer from London's Natu-
ral History museum.
"With Australopithecus start-
ing from four million years ago,
one would have thought that
things would have moved fur-
ther down the line by 4.4 mil-
lion years ago," he told BBC
News.
"OK, you can have very
rapid change, perhaps; or Ar-
dipithecus might be a residual
form, a relic of a somewhat
older stage of evolution that
had carried on. Perhaps we
will fi nd something more like
Australopithecus at 4.4 million
years old somewhere else in
Africa."
Jonathan.Amos-INTER-
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7
FOSSIL FINDS EXTEND HUMAN STORY
Natural History Museum's
Professor Chris Stringer: "The
skeleton is very primitive"
An impression of what "Ardi" would have looked like based on the
fossil fi nds
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
8
Ö+õ Ám,|
žÖ+õ Ám,| vzÛR]– RjI Ám,|– Óxe Ám,|– jTx^ Ám,|– Á^T– ¢TY^ v¼¾Šz% ›�m`wH�""
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH HONORS TOP RIGHTS DEFENDERS
DEFENDERS WORK TO END ABUSES IN BURMA,
CONGO, ETHIOPIA, AND RUSSIA
Bo Kyi, Burma
These extraordinary individuals
confront tremendous challenges
every day, yet they work selfl essly
to end human rights violations and
bring abusers to justice. We hope
this award, named for Alison Des
Forges, will inspire and protect them
as they struggle to uphold human
rights in their countries.
Kenneth Roth, executive director
of Human Rights Watch
(New York) - Four courageous and
tireless advocates of human rights -
from Burma, Democratic Republic of
Congo, Ethiopia and Russia - have
been awarded the prestigious Alison
Des Forges Defender Award for Ex-
traordinary Activism, Human Rights
Watch said today. The four work to
uphold freedom of expression, to
protect women in confl ict, and to
ease the plight of political prisoners,
despite threats and persecution from
the authorities.
The awards are named for Dr. Ali-
son Des Forges, senior adviser to
Human Rights Watch's Africa Divi-
sion for almost two decades, who
was tragically killed in a plane crash
in New York on February 12, 2009.
Des Forges was the world's leading
expert on Rwanda, the 1994 geno-
cide and its aftermath, and Human
Rights Watch's annual award hon-
ors her outstanding commitment to
and defense of human rights.
The four winners of Human Rights
Watch's 2009 Alison Des Forges
Defender Award for Extraordinary
Activism are:
Daniel Bekele, lawyer and activist
from Ethiopia;
Bo Kyi, co-founder of Burma's As-
sistance Association of Political Pris-
oners;
Elena Milashina, reporter for Nova-
ya Gazeta, Russia's leading inde-
pendent newspaper; and
Mathilde Muhindo, women's rights
activist working to stop sexual vio-
lence in Democratic Republic of
Congo.
"These extraordinary individuals
confront tremendous challenges
every day, yet they work selfl essly
to end human rights violations and
bring abusers to justice," said Ken-
neth Roth, executive director of Hu-
man Rights Watch. "We hope this
award, named for Alison Des Forg-
es, will inspire and protect them as
they struggle to uphold human rights
in their countries."
Human rights defenders are critical
partners for Human Rights Watch
staff conducting investigations in
more than 80 countries around the
world. The award winners will be
honored at the 2009 Human Rights
Watch Annual Dinners in Chicago,
Geneva, Hamburg, Houston, Lon-
don, Los Angeles, Munich, New
York, Paris, San Francisco, Santa
Barbara, Toronto, and Zurich.
Daniel Bekele, EthiopiaIn the ever-shrinking space for free-
dom of expression in Ethiopia, Dan-
iel Bekele, a prominent anti-poverty
activist and human rights lawyer, has
faced heavy-handed government re-
pression. After leading a grass-roots
effort to promote voter education and
participation in Ethiopia's controver-
sial 2005 parliamentary elections, as
well as election monitoring and rec-
onciliation after the vote, Bekele was
arrested and spent two-and-a-half
years in prison on charges of incit-
ing violence against the government.
Human Rights Watch honors Bekele
who, at great personal risk, chal-
lenges the Ethiopian government to
uphold the civil and political rights
that protect all people.
Bo Kyi, Burma As a former political prisoner and
co-founder of the Assistance Asso-
ciation of Political Prisoners (AAPP),
Bo Kyi works tirelessly to secure the
release of Burmese people who have
been jailed for their political indepen-
dence and activism. Over the last 20
years, Bo Kyi has demonstrated un-
faltering courage, sharing his story
and those of other political prisoners
and exposing the Burmese military
junta's numerous abuses. Human
Rights Watch honors Bo Kyi for his
heroic efforts to speak out against
Burmese repression and to advo-
cate on behalf of those who have
dared to criticize the military junta.
Elena Milashina, RussiaAs a leading investigative journalist
for Novaya Gazeta, Russia's most
prominent independent newspaper,
Elena Milashina exposes the truth
about human rights abuses and
widespread government corruption.
Despite Russia's attempts to silence
its critics and hide abuses, Milashina
remains outspoken, publishing ac-
counts of enforced disappearances,
extrajudicial executions, and torture.
She also continues to investigate the
2006 murder of her newspaper col-
league and mentor Anna Politkovs-
kaya, calling for accountability at the
highest level. Human Rights Watch
honors Milashina for her courage in
confronting Russia's deeply prob-
lematic human rights record.
Mathilde Muhindo, Democratic
Republic of CongoAs director of the Olame Centre,
a women's rights organization, Ma-
thilde Muhindo empowers women to
fi ght against the pervasive discrimi-
nation and horrifi c sexual violence
that are endemic in the Democratic
Republic of Congo.
She led a coalition of local wom-
en's organizations to advocate suc-
cessfully for a comprehensive law on
sexual violence.
Human Rights Watch honors Ma-
thilde Muhindo for her tireless dedi-
cation to the safety, health, and
rights of the often-forgotten women
in eastern Congo.
MATHILDE MUHINDO
© 2004 Elodie PERRIOT Secours Catholique
BO KYI © 2008 Patricia Williams
DANIEL BEKELE 2008 Morag Livingstone
ELENA MILASHINA © 2009 Novaya Gazeta
የዲሞክራሲ መሰረተ ፍልስፍና
“ዲሞክራሲ ሕብረተሰብን ለመገንባት እንጂ ለማፍረስ የሚያገለግል ጥበብ አይደለም። አንድ ጎሳ ወይም ክፍለሀገር ከቀረው ወገኑና ሰፊ ግዛት ተገፍቶ ወይም ተገዶ እንዳይገነጠልና የሚገባውንም ጥቅም እንዳይነፈግ የሚያደርገው መከላከል ዲሞክራሳዊ መብቱ ነው። በዚሁ አንጻር፣ አንድ ጎሳ ወይም ግዛት ከተዋኸደው ሰፊ ሕብረተሰብ፣ ጸጋና ቅርስ እንዳይሸረፍ የመላው ሕዝብ ዲሞክራታዊ መብት ያግደዋል።” (ዘውገ ፋንታ 1993)
Translation:
”Democracy is a principle by which
to fortify and build, not divide societies.
The people of any region have demo-
cratic rights not to be excluded and
barred from sharing the heritages and
resources that the nation is endowed
with. Similarly, it is the right of the nation
to protect the interests of the whole and
to prevent the partition or separation of
any region away from the rest.” (Zewge
Fanta, 1993)
Introduction
In the words of the dictator, Meles Ze-
nawi, the high priest of the “Nations &
Nationalities” teachings, Ethiopia ‘was
not meant to be’ a lasting nation. The
leader of the Tigray People Liberation
Front (TPLF), a name that shall go down
in the annals of dictatorial regimes as
‘spiteful’ has revealed his plan to end
the existence of Ethiopia. When TPLF
came to power, the destruction of Ethio-
pia immediately begun, and the people
of the ancient nation have suffered im-
mensely as no other time. The patience
of the people is completely depleted,
and changes are on the horizons. The
inventors of the Human Cages called
Kilil shall leave Ethiopia and disappear
from the face of the Earth. They may
also be planning to settle in their native
habitat in the birth place of Kilil, in Tigray
where they conceived the morbid idea
of the destruction of Ethiopia. However,
knowing or expecting the end of this
ugly period, Ethiopians cannot wait sim-
ply watching the end approaching with-
out being prepared to receive the huge
responsibility. Ethiopians have displayed
immense desire to get rid of the dictators
and to undo the spoils of Kilil. When the
dictators depart, the pillars of Ethiopia
in every rural villages, towns and cities
should quickly begin to take responsibil-
ity to manage the business and affairs of
the country. It is high time that the pillars
of Ethiopia should know the initial steps
as well as the sequential measures to be
taken. They should have the economic
and political confi gurations of the nation
that would replace Kilil. The leaders and
pillars of Ethiopia that would emerge
from all sectors of the population should
have refi ned ideas and models of Ethio-
pia’s democratic systems that defi ne the
economic and political confi gurations
that fi t the conditions, traditions and his-
tory of the people, and allow Ethiopians
to transform into a modern democratic
nation. The advance preparation would
smooth the giant leap from the state of
Kilil to democratic systems. It is along
this thought that the author proposed
new models of the administrative and
economic systems described in the
following. The author believes that the
models introduced here or other strat-
egies that evolve from further studies
will guide the leaders and the Ethiopian
people in making the fi nal decision. The
models may be used by any transitional
government entity or government that is
elected and tasked to transform Ethio-
pia into a nation of Individuality.
Kilil – The Colonial Dogma
The purpose of Kilil was to partition
Ethiopia into several tribal homelands
with the ultimate goal of creating several
nations within a nation. This has been
dejected concept as the anti-thesis of
democracy, and the exact opposite of
Ethiopians’ nature and traditions of cen-
turies. The Kilil system was forcefully
imposed on the people with dilemma to
divide the people along languages. The
aim was to create confl icts and differ-
ences and to polarize them and force
them grow apart socially and economi-
cally. Kilil has created insurmountable
social and economic hardships to Ethio-
pians. To achieve their goals the dicta-
tors have systematically encouraged
and even staged and provoked confl icts
amongst the people of various regions.
The dictators have revealed their long-
term plan by allocating unfair share of
resources to the province of Tigray that
they believed would be their future ref-
uge. By doing so, the leaders of TPLF
have exposed the people of Tigray to
unfair animosity and ill-will, which shall
entail great consequences to the securi-
ty of the people of that region more than
any other in the Country. The people of
Tigray are the owners of Ethiopian his-
tory, and so, the pillars who defend and
guard the nation’s existence and its con-
tinuity. However, it was sadly in Tigray
that TPLF conceived the destruction of
Ethiopia. The fi nal dissolution of the na-
tion may also take place on the soils of
Tigray. The leaders of TPLF believe that
they will settle in Tigray and live happily
ever after leaving behind a nation that is
fragmented and in turmoil. The gallant
people of Tigray must see the embryo
of that idea that is growing in the womb
of Tigray. They need to act quickly and
abort the wretched plan with all sacri-
fi ces necessary. Ethiopians every where
must also build a unifi ed force to oust
TPLF and toss out Kilil and the constitu-
tion created for it or by it. Only democ-
racy will ensure the existence and the
continuity of Ethiopia as a nation and the
security and wellbeing of all people. Ev-
ery citizen like every people of all regions
has critical roles to play today more than
any other time in the history of Ethio-
pians. Each person can be a powerful
force essential to end Kilil and to trans-
form Ethiopia into a democratic nation.
Ethiopia’s Providence
The early Ethiopians who sprang out
of the lands of Ghion and Awash as the
fi rst human race have spread to near
and far lands and gradually populated
Earth. Ethiopians do migrate outward
even today to all lands around the globe.
Cataclysmic events, social disorders
and pursuit of discovery and exploration
had fascinated the ancient Ethiopians to
venture far beyond their place of origin.
Ethiopians are presently subjected to
oppressive rule so brutal and incompa-
rable to any other period in the long his-
tory of Ethiopians. Every ruler in Ethiopia
expanded the territories of Ethiopia and
galvanized the people of vast nation.
But, the leaders of TPLF do today the
exact opposite. Ethiopians, the fi rst who
introduced the ideas of Republic to the
Continued on p(16)
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Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
9
BUILDING DEMOCRATIC ETHIOPIA
‘NATION OF INDIVIDUALITY’MODELS PROPOSED BY ZEWGE FANTA
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›�m%IJ d�Ū*‚– ¹™|¡J| d�Ū*‚– Øxe d�Ū*‚– Td� ^|!Øxe (¹vÓ– ¹v_) ¡|ö ÅH:|– ¡|ö– u�× õ`õ`– ÁH|– ¹vÓ ¨Ø ...¹vHÖ HO[Ã| ¨À ™Å^i� Ô^ ¾vH# ¨¾T veJ¡ ¾Ö¾m%�— v|F|� ›�ez�ÓÀ¬{H�""
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Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
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veJ×� ›cŸH ¹T|ï{ ™|G�T xH: ÀTÅU Š«“” Ó x`z%Ÿ� QÂod žFÑ ¨Ø ›e` d|ï{ vT`Þ ™�dzõT xH: ™oªT O«cÅ zÑv& x� d¾G� O¨cÅ ¼Hv| ™R^à ™Jw õ|Aª* ™oªT Š«“” vOc[z% ™�Å ¹{c[ ÓHcx x� d¾G� vúHz*Ÿ zn«U ¹zŠd ¹{c\| x±# h&¬‚ ( wHï« T`Þ ¹z¼±#|� BH# ÛTa) d¾ïz% vOÝ« T`Þ ÃÓT HOd|õ O¨c�� H™ó’% ™Ñ²³ Od]¼ OG� zÑv& ™¾G�T”” ¹cx®ª* Ox| Ožv` ؼm, Oc[{ª* ¹ÄU¡^c& ؼm, Š«“” cx®ª* Ox| vz[ÑÖv|— Ox|� ¹Ö¹m% ±xؼ v¨[Áv|— ¹M³x ÅTí Oc[m%� ¹zn¨P OïÊ| x� d¾G� vh&¬‚ v¹RÔ]¼« zØH« ›eŸB� vQcnºv| BŽ{� ™B�T ±+Ô‚ ›¹{ïc# vO{c` I¾ ›¼H# vT`Þ ™HT�T oÅO BŽ{ ›�dzóH� xH: OŠd|� H™Ñ²±#T Rd¨m% % T�Jw|T ¹Qcnº ±+Ô‚� O`d| ¾G�J� H&{cxv|� H&m¹` ¹QÑw« ™oªT Š«“” Ã’ x`z%Ÿ�T— ™v^j v`{T— ¹ÄÄd—³ª¾ x` hHp� hª av&| ¨±z ¹úHz*Ÿ ›e[•‚ BH# ¾ïz% ¹QJ oÅO BŽ{ Ro[x ¾ÑwJ/ ¾ÖvnJ”” HOx| c&{ÑH# ¹{c\|� [e} HOx| ™�{ÑIH� RH| ±v| Š«“”
Oež[T 26/2002
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What kind of jobs need to be created for improved sustainability of our country in this economic times? Ellen Michelson (Toronto centre) : “Our government needs to invest in energy efficient methods and clean technologies like other countries. Green infrastructure improves our environment, and also furthers social justice by improving people’s welfare. Three areas out of the many that could create jobs in the green sector and that which have a huge multiplier effect on the economy are Retrofits,
Renewable sources of energy and Arts & culture.
Tell us as to how climate change could be disastrous and how our country should gear up for energy efficiency Adriana Mugnatto-Hamu (Toronto-Danforth) : “Climate change is the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced. Canada has not done a good job of bringing its own emissions down. Under our current government, though, not only have our commitments to bringing down Canada’s emissions gone even further down, but our negotiating team has been actively hampering international consensus. Glaciers are melting far faster and the earth is warming more rapidly and Canada has to do its part here.
How is Green momentum gathering speed across the globe? Georgina Wilcock (Don Valley West) : “Global warming is a real concern the world over. We have Green parties in 70 countries around the world so the green momentum for addressing environ-mental issues is picking up across the globe. Canada needs to take responsibility and innovate in the direction of cutting back on the green house gases”
How do you propose to promote Green mandate in our country? Elizabeth May (Green Party Leader of Canada) : “We are meeting with the people in meetings as well as participating in group discussions in order to promote the Green Party’s mandate which is effective means of reaching out to everyone. I very well look forward to be connecting with people, listening to their issues one on one, getting to know and hearing directly from them”
What kind of peace-keeping role do you think Canada should involve in to? Debborah Donnelly (St. Paul’s) : “I think our government needs to understand what it means to be a member of the military who put their life on the line for our country. If they did, they would under-stand that what they ask of our men and women in Afghanistan is not in line with the traditional values Canadians have on peace keeping. Only 50% of Canadians vote and only 30% of them voted for our current government and the choice that keeps the military represents only 15% . In the military one does not have the voice to speak their minds, so being ex-military, I feel I need to speak for so many who must remain silent. It is time we get back to real peace keeping!”
What is your take on the future of the Canadian economy considering the economic times right now? Rebecca Harrison-White (Whitby-Oshawa) : Growing up with my father, a dedicated municipal politician and my mother, a public servant and part time activist, they taught me that simply being unsatisfied with the current state of affairs in your country was not enough. I heard the same empty promises and rhetoric and after the election nothing changed. So I am now running for the Green Party because they have the fresh perspective on government the other parties lack. They have the commitment to change that reflects the times that we are in. Tomorrow is a new day, a new economy is evolving, a new Canada needs to emerge. We need new ideas, new commitments and new leadership to pull us out of recession and get us there!
What policies related to energy conservation should be considered in our country? Adrianne Carr (Deputy Green Party leader) : We should be encouraging people to green up and carbon neutralize with much bigger incentives. Green economy diverting stimulus packages towards energy efficiency will have immediate and rapid effect on economy. The implications of global warming are horrendous and that’s the reason why I am devoting my life for this cause. Green party represents new thinking. Canada is blessed with renewable energies : solar, wind, hydro, geo exchange so why not switch to utilizing alternate sources of energy like some other countries are already doing so, instead of oil and coal etc which actually results in an increased carbon footprint not good for the environment and disastrous to our planet. If embraced, this will also open up potential for tremendous growth opportunities creating more jobs in the green economy, green infrastructure and green sector fields in the future!
Jatin [email protected]
Strong women candidates of the Green Party share their thoughtson the future of the Green Economy
StrongGreen Women
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¹™&|¿å¼ª*¼� ™Âe ®O| ™žwv` (ETHIOPIAN NEW YEAR CELEBRATION
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v}a�}— Oež[T 1 m� 2002 ®.TIN TORONTO, SEPTEMBER 12, 2009) Photo Credits: Benyam Photography Services
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Oà« ™Âe ®O| ¹cIT� ¹Ö+� ›�ÂG� ›¹zO’�– z¨ÃÏŠ|� ¼z[ï« _e}^�{‚� ™ÑJÓH:z%� vReóó| v™B� c™|
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Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
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¹¡v#` À^c& AÂe ™HR¹B100“ ®O| JÀ|
c&Tú±&¹T (SYMPOSIUM)
Saturday, October 17, 2009, Howard University, School of
Engineering Washington DC
ž¡v#` ™} AÂe ™HR¹B Ò` vOR¡[| Ñ#w®+ ™wJŠ| ±O�‚�—
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¨À Ñé 20 ´bJ
Continued from p(9)
World would be the last peo-
ple to accept and be governed
by a barbaric ‘human caging’
system called Kilil. Ethiopians
will emerge as a democratic
people unspoiled by the evil
system of colonialism. Those
who failed to conquer and
subjugate the ancient people
and destroy their cultures
and history shall witness to-
day when the children of the
ancient Ethiopians whose an-
cestors their ancestors once
called Uncles and Aunts, en-
ter a new era, and emerge as
modern societies. The history
and traditions of the Ethiopian
people shall remain and shine
for many centuries to come
so long societies around them
and the World remain peace-
ful and stable as well. How-
ever, the social and economic
systems of Ethiopia should
change and modernize. New
political and economic sys-
tems compatible with the cul-
tures and history of the people
and conditions of the natural
resources will be found and
adopted.
Agents of Changes
Ethiopians of this period
are rightly thought as the true
Agents of Changes. By their
actions, they will build Ethio-
pia as a Nation of Individual-
ity. By their inactions or faux
pas, they will pass as the
most seedless generation of
all times. Should the people of
Tigray, Begemdir, Wollo, Go-
jam, Shewa, Arusi, Wellega,
Harerge, Illubabur, Gomugofa,
Keffa, Sidamo, and Bale fail to
act, the continuity of the long
history of Ethiopia shall come
to cease, and TPLF will have
its plan fulfi lled. That is how-
ever, contrary to the nature
of Ethiopians. Ethiopians are
known for their wisdom and
bravery. They are endowed
with abundant resources and
rich heritages. This period is
offering them new opportuni-
ties of unimaginable experi-
ences. The tasks to transform
the people into democratic
societies shall no doubt en-
tail enormous challenges and
new experiences of unknown
systems. However, when the
people fulfi ll their goals, the
accomplishments will bring
new feelings and new way of
life unimagined by any citizen.
Seeing Democratic Ethiopia
at the end of the long bitter
struggles will indeed be a tri-
umph that Ethiopians of pres-
ent & future generations, as
well as the people of Africa
and the World shall celebrate
for decades to come.
MODELING THE FUTURE
ETHIOPIA
The Preliminary Task
To modernize Ethiopia, so-
cially, economically and po-
litically, it is necessary fi rst to
explore the approaches and
strategies how Ethiopians’
good cultures and traditions
should be maintained, how to
incorporate them with the new
systems, and how wisely the
resources can be used and
utilized to improve the way of
life of the ordinary people. The
models proposed here may
or may not be the embryo of
Ethiopia’s future economic
and political systems. How-
ever, scholars and students
of democracy and experts
as well as ordinary Ethiopi-
ans should work together and
formulate the political and
economic models that best
fi t the nation. The author ac-
knowledges the fact that there
may be other models perhaps
more suitable. The proposed
models may also be the right
approach with little or sub-
stantial modifi cations to them.
The ultimate objective of this
document is to initiate wide
discussions that would lead
to the formulation of new eco-
nomic and political systems
that would replace Kilil. Ethio-
pians who are working hard to
end Kilil and undo the devas-
tations it caused should have
such ideas at hand perhaps
well developed and ready for
the great debate and discus-
sions throughout the country.
Administrative / Political
Structures
MODEL I
Using the former Provincial
Administrative Sub-divisions
(See Fig. 1) may be a safe
approach and perhaps free
of serious controversies and
confl icts of interests. The fact
that the people are very familiar
with the political sub-divisions
of provinces, readopting this
system will be practical and
not complicated to the peo-
ple. Since every regime before
TPLF used the political struc-
tures, the systems are deeply
embedded with the social,
economic and political cultures
and traditions of the people. It
is wise to use systems that the
people are familiar with and
understand the administrative
traditions intimately. Inventing
new political structures alien
to the people like Kilil has lead
to endless chaos, and created
insurmountable economic and
social diffi culties. Kilil produces
endless miseries to the nation.
Knowing that, the Ethiopian
people rejected Kilil and its in-
ventors in the landmark deci-
sion of 2005 national election.
Self-reliance
Autonomous local rules
and federal structures may
be established based on the
Administrative Provinces.
Creating autonomous local
entities (provinces) and es-
tablishing a strong Federal
Government that fuses the
provinces together is an es-
sential step for establishing a
stable democratic Ethiopia.
The Federal Government and
the local governments shall
be designed to provide every
Ethiopian the basic rights and
the protections of those rights
so that Ethiopians can live
and work in any place of their
choice. The new system will
reverse the spoils of Kilil that
limited citizen’s mobility out-
side his/her designated tribal
homeland. The Federal sys-
tem shall ensure the rights of
every Ethiopian to enjoy and
utilize the resources that Ethi-
opia provides.
ALTERNATIVE TO MODEL
I
The alternative to Model I
may be more practical and
advantageous to the nation
in many ways. First, it can
quickly diffuse the tensions
and confl icts among people of
different regions that Kilil had
created. Secondly, the model
(See Fig. 2) will not be a new
experience
or unfamiliar political administrative system to the people. Thirteen Prov-inces of self-rule entities may prove to be cumber-some and difficult to the
people. It may be hard to some states to flourish and develop with same pace of social and economic pro-gresses as the other states. The people of each prov-ince may luck the neces-sary human, technological and natural resources to be self-sufficient and to run an autonomous government ef-fectively and independently. The Federal Government may also become bogged and overburdened by lack of human resources and technology to facilitate the regional growth evenly and equally by diverting its mea-ger resources to lacking provinces. To balance the resources and strengthen the regional development capabilities joining two prov-inces into one State or Prov-ince may be an effective strategy. The two provinces may overcome what one province may not by it self. Therefore, joining adjacent provinces that have many commonalities and historic relationships of social and economic interactions into one entity may bring no un-familiar experiences to the people of both provinces. When provinces are joined together, overlapping social and economic practices and relationship will strengthen and enhance cooperation. Each joined provinces may retain their names to main-tain their heritage. Howev-er, the people shall decide whether they be labeled as Provinces (ክፍለ አስተዳደር) or State (ክፍለ ግዛት) (See Table I). Joining the provinces, seven political sub-divisions may evolve plus Eritrea, which by then will have to decide wheth-er to join the federation or stand for ever knocking at the door of Ethiopia. These entities give the foundation and the framework for es-tablishing the Federal Gov-ernment structures. Some studies may be necessary to determine whether joining the neighboring provinces creates any social or eco-nomic hardship or burden to one or both. In general, joining two adjacent prov-inces, for instance, Shewa and Arusi, Tigray and Wol-lo, Begemdir and Gojam, etc appears logical and practical. Each pair shall make one autonomous po-litical entity and become the building block of the Great Federation. The schemes of joining two provinces may
require some territorial ad-justments in some areas. This is true where lands that are physically divided by impassable rivers and or mountains and valleys, which inhibit development efforts, are encountered. In this regard, the scheme of joining the provinces must be based on conditions and factors such as geographic, economic and social ties, natural resources, adminis-trative practices and tradi-tions. Small adjustments of boundary lines here and there might be necessary. The names of the provinces may have historical signifi-cance. However, geograph-ic names may also be des-ignated (See Table I). For instance, Tigray-Wollo may be known as Semen-Misraq Province (ሰሜን-ምስራቅ ክፍለ አስተዳደር) or Semen-Misraq State (ሰሜን-ምስራቅ ክፍለ ግዛት). The seven provinces or states created in this manner are more or less equal in size and not more than 25 percent more than the others except Sida-mo-Bale and Harerge-Bale. Each state has common boundary with neighbor-ing country, and so, each state is in essence a gate keeper of the nation. The state of Shewa-Arusi has been stretched to Djibouti for the same purpose and to provide direct connection with Djibouti, an important spot to Ethiopia’s economic interests strategic factors.
The Economic Regions
MODEL II
Ethiopia has one of the most
diffi cult landforms and terrains
that stand obstacles to vari-
ous types of development pro-
grams. The terrains have retard
national economic progress-
es. Constructions of roads
and bridges across regions
are in many cases impossible
or costly. Because of the mea-
ger resources of the nation,
development programs are
piece meal and slow. Floods,
landslides and ground move-
ments frequently destroy new
roads and bridges. The huge
maintenances costs and lack
of materials have slowed and
or discouraged economic ac-
tivities and programs in many
parts of the country. These
conditions have made the
development efforts severely
constrained. Self-suffi ciency
is a huge responsibility, and it
would make the people of each
state more dependent on their
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
16
BUILDING DEMOCRATIC ETHIOPIA
‘NATION OF INDIVIDUALITY’
own resources and capabilities.
The nation cannot provide every
thing that the people of every
village, town and region need.
A system properly established
can guide the local, regional
authorities and national entities
to carry out planned develop-
ment effectively. The confi gu-
ration of the nation into several
Economic Regions (See Fig. 3)
may be impetus for accelerated
economic progresses through-
out the country. Autonomous
rule and self-suffi ciency will en-
courage people to engage in
the programs of their regions
that they have direct control
and participation in the decision
making processes. Confi guring
the Economic Regions as pro-
posed in this model is based
on non-political factors. Each
Economic Region is run by
regional authority established
jointly by the provinces listed
in each Economic Region. The
Economic Regions are inde-
pendent authorities that would
be carefully structured not to be
associated or overlap with the
local or federal administrative
/ political systems. The Eco-
nomic Regions are one layer of
independent authority that will
be governed both by the states
they are made of, and by an in-
dependent entity at the federal
government level. The federal
entity will monitor and manage
the national resources and their
uses and the distribution of the
resources such as power, com-
munications, transportation
and other resources. The mod-
eling of the economic regions of
new Ethiopia may be challeng-
ing. The main objective of cre-
ating the Economic Regions is
to provide a system that would
help achieve even economic
growth throughout the country.
The scheme to confi gure the
nation into several Economic
Regions may appear again
logical and straight foreword.
However, the same factors and
conditions considered for de-
lineating the boundaries of the
Administrative entities may ap-
ply in delineating the boundar-
ies of the Economic Regions.
The model of the Economic Re-
gions proposed here may need
some boundary changes here
and there. It may be necessary
to develop a confi guration that
is entirely or partly different from
the one proposed here. The
objective of this proposal is not
to advance any particular idea,
but to attain a model that best
fi ts the new nation and allow
accelerated progresses.
Conclusion
The Kilil rule is design to frag-
ment and partition Ethiopia
into smaller nation. If Kilil is al-
lowed to last for a while, it will
have achieved the partition to
be completed in an irreversible
conditions. The insurmountable
obstacles will have pushed the
people to reach the point of no
return. The continuity of Ethi-
opia as a nation will become
virtually impossible. Because,
Ethiopia will have become irrel-
evant and without meaning to
people of the regions that have
been systematically isolated
and separated from the one
another. At that stage, TPLF
and all the masters will real-
ize that Kilil has achieved their
goals! Nations shall be born
and emerge from parts of dying
Ethiopia. All its enemies that are
now pushing towards that end
will be hovering over to feast on
Ethiopia’s mutilated body.
To avert and avoid that catas-
trophe before it happens, the
fi rst step would require an action
that would cripple the advance
of Kilil system. The proposed
models will serve the Ethiopian
people to cement their unity
and to rise against TPLF and
show their rejection of Kilil sys-
tem. Agents of Changes must
be armed with the blue prints
of new economic and political
structures of Ethiopia. When
they do, Kilil will be reduced
to ashes and its inventors who
cannot survive without it will
evaporate leaving no trace of
their short existence.
Ethiopians must recognize
the fact that the end of Ethio-
pia is in works. The First stage
of the systematic destruction
of the nation is underway. It is
marked by fast erosion of the
identities and symbols of Ethio-
pia. The Second stage would
follow by wide spread con-
fl icts, disruptions and disarray.
National leaders who uphold
the core values of the Ethio-
pian people would be attacked
left and right. The defenders
and guardians of Ethiopia will
be hunted and eliminated The
Third stage will mark the disap-
pearance of people who call
themselves Ethiopians from
many parts of the country. The
fi nal and the Fourth stage of the
end of Ethiopia as a nation shall
take place at its birth place, Ti-
gray. Those who protected the
history and heritages of Ethiopia
for centuries will face enemies
from north, east, and west. The
enemies shall come with such
force that will deface the an-
cient cities leaving no trace of
their long existence. The enemy
forces of known and unknown
origins will fi nally extinguish the
torch of Axum that had lit the
World for centuries. The fi nal
work will not be achieved by
Meles or his TPLF. Meles would
be long gone. However, the
outcome of this development
would prove Meles’ prophecy
that ‘Ethiopia was not meant to
be’ a lasting nation absolutely
correct. We should realize the
fact that Meles only repeated
the words that he was indoc-
trinated about by his masters
who ever they may be.
It is important to know that
Ethiopians will enter unwittingly
the Second phase of this con-
tinued destruction when the
May 2010 election is about to
take place. The plan is to leave
Ethiopians without any hope of
change, and with no chance of
a way out from the devilish pov-
erty and brutal oppression. Let
us examine the humans’ choic-
es and deeds from these per-
spectives: If a man crosses in
front of a moving car, he would
shorten his life. If a man decid-
ed to spend the night outside
his home when the beasts take
over the village, he has decid-
ed to shorten his life. God has
nothing to do with those deci-
sions. Respectively, Ethiopia is
questioning the passion of this
generation in ways that it never
did of any of its children through
the ages. Ethiopia is demand-
ing those whom she fed/raised
to pay her back so that she can
reach the next generation. The
leaves, roots, and rocks of Ethi-
opia must yield the medicine
that will eradicate the carrier of
Kilil virus.
•••
Note
The author appreciates well
thought comments, views and
suggestions. The comments
will be added with this docu-
ment ‘as is’ and be forwarded
to the committee that may be
formed to study the practicality
of this proposal.
The critical reviews and infor-
mation obtained from experts
has made this proposal pos-
sible, and their contributions
and willingness to advance
this study to the next level has
been profoundly encouraging.
•••
ስለ ጸሐፊው፦
ዘውገ ፋንታ ከቀድሞው ኃ.ሥ.ዩ ሕንፃ ኮሌጅ ዲፕሎማ ተቀብሏል። ከዚያም፣ ዩ.ኤን. በሰጠው ስኮላርሺፕ በኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት ተመርጦ፣ በኢንግላንድ ስለ ጂኦደቲክ ሰርቬይስ እና ካርቶግራፊ የተሰጠውን ከፍተኛ ትምሕርት አጠናቆ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ በመመለስ፤ በመሬት ይዞታ አስተዳደር ሚኒስተር በካርታ ድርጅት ክፍል በሲንየር ካርቶግራፈር ደረጃ ተመድቦ አሜሪካ ለትምህርት እስከ መጣ ድረስ ሀገሩን በ
ሙያው አገልግሏል።
የሀገር ከፍተኛ ዕቅዶች ላይ እየተመደበ ሰፊ አገልግሎት የሰጠ ሲሆን፤ ከነዚህም ውስጥ የሀገርን ሀብትና ቅርስን የሚመለከቱ አያሌ ምስጢራዊ ስራዎች ይገኙበታል። ከዓለም ባንክ ባለሙያዮች ጋር ኢትዮጵያን ወክሎ ሰሜን ግዛት (ኤርትሪያ፣ ትግራይ፣ ቤገምድር፣ ጎጃምና ወሎ) ዕድገት እርምጃ ዕቅድ፣ የመሬትንና የሕዝብን አሰፋፈር ጥናት በተጠቀሱት ቦታዎች በመዞር፣ በመቀየስና ሰፊ የምድረ ገጽን ዝርዝር በመሰብሰብ የልማት ጥናት አጠናቋል። የኢትዮጵያና የሱዳን ድንበር ክልል በሁለቱ አገሮች ስምምነት ሲደረግ፣ በውጭ ጉዳይ ምንስቴር ውስጥ ተመድቦ፣ እጅግ ምስጢራዊ የሆኑትን ጉድዮች በታላቅ ጥንቃቄ ይዞ በተሰጠው መመሪያ መሰረት አስፈላጊ የስምምነት መፈራረምያ የሆኑትን ካርታዎችን አዘጋጅቷል።
በግሉ የመጀመሪያውን የአዲስ አበባና የኢትዮጵያ ታሪካዊ ካርታዎች አሳትሟል። የመጀመሪያው ኢትዮጵያ ፕሮፈሺናል ካርቶግራፈር የተባለ ሲሆን፣ ከኢትዮጵያ፣ እንግሊዝና አሜሪካ መንግሥቶች የአገልግሎት ምስክርና የሙያ ማረጋገጫ ሽልማቶች ተቀብሏል።
አሜሪካ መጥቶ የባችለርና ማስተርስ ፕሮግራሙን አከናውኖ፣ በተለያዩ የመንግሥትና የኩባንያ ድርጅቶች ሰፋ ያለ አገልግሎት ሰጥቷል። የስያትል ከተማ የኮምፒተር ካርታ አሰራር (GIS) ከአቋቋሙት ሙያተኞች አንዱ ነው። የስያትል እና የፖርትላንድ ከተማ የሚገለገሉበት የውሃ ማሰራጫና ማከማቻ ሲስተሞች በአደጋ ቢቋረጡ መከላከሊያ መመሪያ ኦፐሬሽኖች የሆኑ እሱ በአቀደው መሰረት ተቋቁመዋል።
ዘውገ ፋንታ በዚሁ ሙያው በግል ስራ ተሰማርቶ ይገኛል።
Zewge Fanta may be
reached by E-mail: zegfan-
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
17
I FOUND OUR FLAGWhile driving in the city you
might have seen many fl ags
around town. You might rec-
ognize some of the fl ags to
which country they belong and
sometimes you might want to
play the guessing game and try
to fi gure out. . What if you see
your own fl ag fl ying high on the
side of the road in front of resi-
dential area! I was in Ottawa in
the month of July/ 2009. The
day was Sunday. I was looking
for Ethiopian orthodox church.
I made a wrong turn near the
church; after driving a couple
of hundreds of meter i saw
Ethiopian our own fl ag. First, i
thought i found the church. As
i got closer, i knew i was wrong
since i remember as i was told,
the church actually is a big
church and it does not look
like a residential house. I pulled
over and staring at it. Since i
was in Ottawa, My fi rst guess
was it should be the ambassa-
dor resident. I was right.
It feels great, i felt and fl ew in
memories of home. It reminds
me my childhood, the place
where i played ball, where i went
to school and my friends. All it
took was the fl ag by the side of
the road in front of the house.
This photo on the fl ag would tell
that is the land of Ethiopians. I
felt great and was proud to see
our fl ag. Ambassadors' might
come and go, but the fl ag will
always fl y high reminding ev-
eryone that this is part of Ethio-
pian. I felt i was home for that
moment......
Benyam Woldeab
Photographer
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
18
Muluken Muchie
Editor/Publisher
Hawarya News Paper
Toronto, Canada)
Greetings, ladies & gentle men;
Before I go further, allow me to start by
extending my appreciation to the organiz-
ers of the 2009 NYLA conference. I applaud
them for their considerate eff orts to involve
the multicultural media of North America;
which have become the eyes and ears of our
multicultural society. It is a great privilege
for me to attend this conference by repre-
senting one of the African multicultural
(Ethnic) media called, 'Hawarya', means,
"disciple" in Amharic, the Ethiopian offi cial
language.
By the way, I like the abbreviation coined
to be "NYLA"; it reminds me not only the
name of my African antelope species, Nya-
la, but its characteristics, too.
Th e Nyala is part of the antelope family
found in Africa, particularly in South Af-
rica, as that of the Ethiopian Walia Ibex,
which is also belong to the goat family and
only its kind found in the Ethiopian north-
ern mountain.
Th e African Nyala fi nds its habitat in a
dense area of dry savannah woodland or in
thick river bank vegetation; it doesn't prefer
grass lands or plains as the other common
antelopes normally do; but it lives within
the savannah or a river bank vegetation
where many types of little creatures live
side by side. Th e African Nyalas are known
of protecting its vulnerable members, the
females and the youths – it is believed up
to 30 members of females and youths travel
by group to safe guard each other's secu-
rity and wellbeing. Males of the Nyala spe-
cies live in solitary of the females and the
youths; they only join the herd at favorite
feeding and watering places or when there
arises natural mating needs; the strong
members are not allowed to infl uence the
day to day livehood of the weak. Doesn't
this characteristic resemble to an indepen-
dent institutions as that of NYLA in regard
to its members?
I think NYLA is some what similar to
that of the Afri-
can Nyala; It lives
within the popu-
lation where mi-
nority groups are
struggling to meet
ends; it under-
stands the prob-
lems and interests
of these multi-
cultural groups;
it reaches them
to help co-exist
and grow; that is
how and why I am
here representing
the African Eth-
nic media by be-
ing supported by
NYLA.
Ladies & gentle
men,
Let me introduce you our news paper, it
is called Hawarya; it is a publication in the
Ethiopian Diaspora since 1995.
Hawarya is an "Amharic" monthly
(Ethiopian offi cial language) published in
Toronto Canada. It is the main source of
information for its readers, both at home,
abroad and for main stream media groups.
Hawarya has subscribers all over the world
and we also distribute to major North
America cities. It has prominent writers
and contributors from back home to the
Diaspora and it is an active member of the
National Ethnic Press and Media Council
of Canada.
Hawarya's main objectives, in a country
(Canada) where multiculturalism is main-
tained and protected by law, can be sum up
at least in three levels:
1) To keep in touch with our country of
origin
• once we left our country , there is no
way to know more about the situation in
back home;
• the main stream media report only on
crisis and major events on the interna-
tional level, but the community needs to
follow every aspects of social, economic
and political developments and happen-
ings of the country of origin.
• to meet this strong desire, we had to
have an out let that could connect us and
learn more about our home country
• so is the reason in part for Hawarya and
other ethnic papers to be born - to have
the opportunity to exchange news from
back home and abroad within the Diaspora
community.
2) To be a bridge between the commu-
nity and the rest of the society we live in;
• as new comers and settlers we need to
interpret and understand the Canadian
values and system using our way of under-
standing;
• for this we need a medium which is
useful for information exchanges among
the community members themselves con-
cerning vital interests, such as cultural and
social events, migration and employment
matters..
3.1) To preserve ones identity
• Cultural heritage
• language
• literature
• history
• values & ways of life
3.2) To gain strength
• Economic
• Political
• Social
Challenges:
1) the internet factor:
• while it has an advantage to collect and
disseminate news and information in a
timely effi cient way, ethnic media lacks the
resource to equip itself with the necessary
tools of the net. Th e internet needs trained
staff members in diff erent capacity. When
ethnic media lacks to update itself to the
technology, readers switch to individual ca-
pacities and personalities who disseminate
on the net diff erent news items and chat-
ting; this creates a worthiness question.
• Advertisers switch to the internet; cre-
ate their own websites, use individual nett-
ers to promote their products & services
2) the youth factor:
• language barrier to read ethnic papers
published in native languages
• although there is a burning feeling to
maintain ones heritage, the youths domi-
nantly infl uenced by the main stream cul-
ture where they live in; there is a need to
have multicultural institutions that can
educate native cultures to youths; this in
turn help ethnic media continue serve the
community.
Given all of these, the question is, Will
the Ethnic Press in N. America Survive?
I believe, yes, it will! Ethnic press will
survive in North America.
what it has to do is:
a) keep a strong link with the mother cul-
ture, the country of origin; this is an artery,
a blood vessel to ethnic media.
b) update the standard of ethnic media to
the internet; readers always want to follow
an organized and reliable source of infor-
mation.
c) create institutions that can educate the
youths of their culture, language and his-
tory; make sure the youths can read and
write their heritage languages.
d) help the community grow and be self
suffi cient to take care of the course of its
heritage.
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Hawarya has come a long way in serv-
ing its designated community; it has been
cited as a reliable source by renowned
North American media such as Th e Globe
& Mail, Th e New York Times, the Toronto
Star, CBC local and international, as well as
many local publications & air media from
within Ethiopia and abroad. Hawarya is
one of the symbols of the Canadian mo-
saic – a society in which multiculturalism
is celebrated.
As an editor and publisher, I was profi led
by the Toronto Star and York University
Magazine.
Th anks and God bless our societies!
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(Both Sides) (Both Sides) (Both Sides)
NEW YORK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION (NYLA) ANNUAL CONFERENCE
NIAGARA FALLS, NY - OCTOBER 15, 2009
WILL THE ETHNIC PRESS IN AMERICA SURVIVE?
Muluken Muchie(right) with other participants at
the NYLA conference
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
19
በዚህ አስቸጋሪ አሳፋሪና የመጥፎ ድርጊት ማስፈፀሚያ መረማመጃ ዘመን ላይ በህይወት በመኖር ከመታዘብ አለማለፋችን አልበቃ ብሎ ትውልድ ማስተላለፊያው ድልድይ ላይ ከነዚህ ሙሉ የህሊናና የአካል ጉዳት ጋር እየተሟገትን ለመጭው ትውልድ ምንድነው የምናስተላልፈው? በራሱ የሚኮራ ቀጣይነት ያለው ትውልድስ እንደት ነው የምናፈራው ? ተተኪውስ እኛ ያሳለፍነውን መከራ ሳይቀበል እፎይ ብሎ የሚኖረው እንደት ነው? የሚሉትንና መሰል መልስ አልባ ጥያቄዎችን ሳስባቸው በዚህ ትውልድ ላይ የደረሰውንና እየደረሰ ያለው ክምር ችግር የፈጠረው ወይስ………? እ ር ግ ማ ን ? ለምን ተነጋግረን ላንደማመጥ፡ ተደማምጠን ላንግባባ፡ ተግባብተን ላናብር፡ ተደጋግፈን ላንተዛዘን፡ ተረዳድተን ላንጠነክር፡ ላለመተያየት እንድንለያይ ሆንን? እልና የጥያቄዎቹ ክምር አንድም በጎ ቃል ላይተፋ የጥያቄ ካብ ብቻ ይሆናል ታዲያ ምናልባት ምናልባት እኛ ኢትዮጵያውያን በዓለም ከረሀብተኛነት እኩል የምንታወቅበት በግል ሮጦ ማምለጥን ነውና ( ጠላቶቻችንም ካበርን ስለምናስፈራቸው በጣም የሚያዳንቁት ይህንን በግል የመጣና የሚመጣን ጉዳይ ነውና ይህም ገና ለምን እንደሚጠቅም በሃገረ ኢትዮጵያዊ ባህላዊ ስነዓዕምሮ ጠበብት ሊጠና ይገባዋል) ይሁንና ለዛሬው ይህን ልዩ ተሰጥኦ መልካምነትን መሰረት ባደረገ ዓላማውን ወደ ሰብዓዊ ጉዳይ ለውጠነው ሁላችንም እሽቅድድም ብንጀምር የጋራ አሸናፊነትን ለመቀዳጀት በመቀጠልም የደረሰብን ሃዘን ከግል ወደ ጋራ ተለውጦ የህብረት ጉዞን ቢያስጀምር በሚል በዚህ ሰብዓዊ ርዕስ ዙሪያ የጋራ እሽቅድድም የሚውልድ ውይይት ለመክፈት ወድጃለሁምናልባት ዋናው ነጥቤን ከጽሁፉ ለመረዳት አጀማመሬ ዝንፍንፍ ቢልባችሁ በስተመጨረሻ ይቃናልና በጎ የንባብ ልቦና ይችራችሁየዚህ ጽሁፍ ዓላማ ስለ “ባሪያው ዘመን ንግድ“ ለመተረክ አይደለም ይልቁንም በዚህ ዙሪያ በቂ ዕውቀትና ጥናት የተቸሩ በርካታ እንደሆኑ በቅጡ እረዳለሁ ግን ለዋናው ርዕሴ መንደርደሪያ ወይንም የፊት በር ይሆነኛል ከሚል እንጂልብ በሉ ይህ ንግድ የተጀመረው ከ 400 ዓመት በፊት እንደሆነ ሲጠቀስ ውድ የአፍሪካን ልጆች አፍኖ መሸጡ የተስፋፋው በሃገር አሜሪካ አውሮፓውያን
ሰፍረው በያዙት ሰፋፊ መሬት ላይ በወቅቱ ከፍተኛ ትርፍ የሚያመጡትን ትንባሆ፡ ጥጥ፡ የሸንኮር አገዳን እና የመሳሰሉትን በስፋት በማብቀል ይደረግ ለነበረው የትርፍ ሩጫ ከፍተኛ የሰው ሃይል በማስፈለጉ በፖርቱጋሎችና በስፔኖች የተጀመረ በኋላም በእንግሊዞች ሞኖፖል የተደረገ ሰብዓዊነት የጎደለው ንግድ ነበር ታዲያ በዚያን ዘመን “የባሪያ ንግድ“ ጉልበት ያለውን ወንድ ብቻ ሳይሆን ሽያጩ ያተኮረው ሴቶችንም በእኩል የሚያካትት ነበር ሴቶች ከጉልበት ስራው ባሻገር ሌላ ባሪያ እንዲወልዱ ይጠበቅባቸውም ነበር ለዚሁም ዕድሜያቸው 13 እና 14 ሲደርስ አግብተው መውለድ እንዲጀምሩ ሲደረግ በዚያውም ፍጥነት በያመቱ አንድ አንድ ልጅ መውለድም ዋንኛው ተግባራቸውና ግዴታም ጭምር ነበር የተወለዱትም ልጆች እድሜያቸው ተገቢ ዕድሜ ተበሎ የተመደበለት ላይ ሲደርስ አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ከተገኘ ለሽያጭ አለበለዚያም ወደዚህ ዓለም የተላኩበትን የባርነት ውርሳቸውን ይያያዙታል!ታዲያ ይህ ዘግናኝ ወቅት ጥሎ የሄደው ጠባሳ ወገኖቻችንን ለባዕዳን በትንንሽ ጥቅማ ጥቅም አሳልፈው ይሸጡዋቸውና ይለውጧቸው የነበሩት የራሳችን ወገኖች አፍሪካውያን ነበሩ:: ይህ የተመዘገበልን አሳፋሪ ታሪካችን ከትውልድ ትውልድ ሲተላለፍ እየመጣ ተሽጠው በነበሩ አፍሪካውያን ትውልድና ሲሸጡ በነበሩ አፍሪካውያን ትውልድ ዙሪያ ቂም በቋጠረ ወቃሽና ጸጸት ባዘለና አንገት በሰበረ ትውልድ መሃከል መድሀኒት ያጣ ፍጥጫ ዛሬም ሲዘከር አለ:: ታዲያ በዚያ አስከፊም ዘመን የተሻለ “ባሪያና“ የተከፋ “ባሪያም“ ተከፋፍሎ ይኖር ነበር:: የቤት ውስጥ “ባሪያ“ ከሜዳ ላይ “ባሪያ“ እራሱን የተሻለ ያደርጋል:: በዚያንም ወቅት በዚያ ግፍ መሃል ከፍተኛ የጋራ ግንዛቤ ክፍተት ነበረ:: በመሆኑም ይህ የግንዛቤ ክፍተት የነጻነት ትግሉን ክፉኛ ከጎዳውም ሆነ ከጎተተው በዋናነት ይጠቀሣል:: የነጻነት ታጋዩን የፈተነውም ይሀው የግንዛቤ ልዩነት ነበር:: በመሆኑም የነጻነት ታጋዮች ከባርነት እንዴት ነጻ መውጣት ላይ ከሚያጥፉት ጊዜ በባርነት ወጥመድ ያለውንና የተሻለ በመኖሩ ግንዛቤው የተተንሸዋረረውን በመመለሱ ላይ ነበር:: ዛሬ ይህ የባሪያ ንግድ በዓለማችን በየትኛውም ሃገር በህግ የመከልከሉን ያህል
መልኩንና ቅርጹን እጅግ ለውጦና “በዘመናዊነት“ ራሱን “አሰልጥኖ“ በአመለካከት ትልቅ የግንዛቤ ሸውራራንትን በማስረጽ ይኸው እንደገና በይበልጥም በኢትዮጵያውያን ላይ አሳፋሪና ለትውልድ አንገት አስደፊ ታሪኩን ሊጽፍልን ሲንደረድር እያየን ነው:: አዎ አሳፋሪ የሃፍረት ታሪክ!!! ሃገራችን ኢትዮጵያ ህጻናትን በመሸጥ ከአለማችን ክብረወሰኑን ለመውሰድ በከፍተኛ ፍጥነት ላይ ትገኛለች:: የዚህ ጽሁፍ አላማ ይህንን “የሰለጠነ የህጻናት ንግድ“ በተመለከት በሁልችንም መሃል አንድ ዓይነት ግንዛቤ ሊፈአጥር ይችላል ከሚል ቅዥት ወይንም የሃዘን እንጉርጉሮ ለመደርደርም አይደለም:: ከግንዛቤ መዛባት በመከራከሪያነት ለሚቀርቡት ነጥቦች ንፅፅራዊነት ይረዳል ከሚል እሳቤ እንጂ:: ከሁሉም በቀዳሚነት ግን በዚህ ጉዳይ ዙሪያም ሆነ በተለያዩ የሃገራችን ጉዳዮች ላይ ቅድመ ማስጠንቀቂያ እየሰጠ ላላው አንድና አንድ የፖለቲካ ድርጅት ኢህአፓ ከፍተኛ አክብሮቴን እያቀረብኩኝ አንባቢያን በዚህ ዙሪያም ቢሆን ሌሎች የፖለቲካ ድርጅቶች ጠንካራ ተመሳሳይ አቋማቸውን ተመልክታችሁ ከሆነ (እኔ ስላልተመለከትኩ ነውና) ካለ ግን እኩሌታ አከብሮቴ ይቸርልኝ እላለሁ:: ሆኖም ግን ቅደመ ማስጠንቀቂያውም ሆነ ዘግናኝ የሆንው በሃገራችንም ሆነ በህዝቧ ላይ እየደረሰ ያለውን ሰቆቃ ከሰሞነኛ መፎከሪያነት ወይንም መታያነት አልፎ መሪ ድርጅቶችን በመደገፍ ተባብረን ችግሩን ለመቅረፍ ወይንም የባሰ ጥፋት እንዳይፈጠር በቁርጠኛነት ስንታገል አለመታየቱ የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ነኝ ለሚለው ቡድን ከፍተኛ የልብ ልብ ቸሮታል ቢባል ሙግት የሚገባ አንደበት እንደማይፈጠር ግን እርግጠኛ ነኝ:: አዎ አሳፋሪ ዘግናኝ የህጻናት ንግድ ከባሪያው ዘመን ንግድ ጋር ያለውን አንድነትና ልዩነት በአንጻራዊንት እንመልከትው:: በመጀመረያ ግን ልዩነቱን
-- “በባሪያው ንግድ ዘመን“ ይሸጡ የነበሩት ነፍስ ያወቁ አቅማቸው ቢያንስ ለስራ የደረሱትን ሲሆን በህጻናት ንግዱ ግን ነፍስ የማይውቁ ጡት ጠብተው ያልጠገቡትን ህጻናት ነው---”በባሪያው ንግድ“ ዘመን እነዚያ የቀድሞ ወገኖቻችን የሚኖሩት ተሰባስበው አንድ አይነት ባህል ቋንቋ እና ቀልም
ያላቸው መጋባትና መውለድ የቻሉ ቢያንስ ጌቶቻቸውን “ማማት“ የቻሉ ሲሆኑ በዚህ የህጻናት ንግድ ጡት ጠብቶ ያልጨረሰን ህጻን እንዲህ ብሎ ለማነጻጸር ለአንባቢያን ተራውን ልተው----በባሪያው ዘመን ንግዱ አላማው የታወቀ ነበር- ይሀውም ጉልበት:: አዎ ግፈኛ የሆነ ነጻ የሆነ ክቡር የሰው ልጅ እንደሰው ያልታየበት ነጻ ጉልበት በዚህ በህጻናት ንግዱ ላይ የንግዱ አላማ ይህ ነው ተብሎ ለመግለጽ እያንዳንዱን ህጻን በገዛ ጌታ የሚወሰን ነው:: ነገር ግን የዚህ ጽሁፍ ለግንዛቤነት አንዱን ብቻ ለማቅረብ ይሞክራል:: ባልፈው ሰሞን በፈረንሳይ ሃገር በሁለት ህጻናት ላይ የደረሰውን እጅግ ሰቅጣጭ ሰሞነኛ ዜና በአሜሪካኑ የአማርኛ ክፍለጊዜ ለተከታተለ (በጽሁፍ ለማቅረብ እጅግ ዘግናኝ ነውና አላቀርበውም) ተመሳሳይ ወይንም (ምን ከዚህ በላይ ሊኖር እንደሚችል ባላውቅም ሊኖር ይችላል) የከፋ አላማ እንዳለው ይታመናል:: ነገር ግን ይህ የንግድ ዘርፍ ራሱን እጅግ አስልጥኖ “ዘመናዊነቱ“ ከፍተኛ የግንዛቤ መዛባትን እንደ “ባሪያው“ ዘመን ጊዜ ፈጥሮአል:: ከልዩነቶቹ በጥቂቱ ይህንን ካልን አንድነቱ ግን በጣም ግልጽ ነው:: የሰው ልጅ ባላመነበት ባልፈለገው በማይፈቅደው ሁኔታ በግዴታ በአፈና ተሽጦ እንደ እራሱ ሳይሆን እኩል በተፈጠረባት ምድር ላይ እጅግ በተዛባ መልኩ እንደ ሌሎች ፍላጎት እንዲኖር መደረጉ ነው:: ለስበአዊ ፍጡር ከፍተኛ ክብር አለው በሚባልበት በዚህ “የሰለጠነ“ ዘመን “በሰለጠኑ“ ሃገሮች ህጻናት ይሸጣሉ! ህጻናቱን ለመሸጥ ከሚሰጡት ዋንኛ ምክንያቶች አንዳንዱን በማንሳት የምክንያቶችን አሳማኝነት እንመርምር: 1- የሚበላ ያጡ አሳዳጊ የሌላቸውን የወደፊት ተስፋ መስጠት የሚል ነጥብ ሲቀርብ በዚህ መከራከሪያ ዙሪያ የተፋጠጠ ነገር ውስጥ ከመግባቴ በፊት የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭዎች ለባእዳን ምጽዋት ይረዳቸው ዘንድ “ሀውዜን“ የተሰኘውን ዘግናኝ ትርኢት “ወገናችን እና ዘራችን“ በሚሉት ወገናችን ላይ እንዴት እንዳቀናበሩት ከራሳቸው ውስጥ አዋቂ ላዳመጠ (አቶ ገብረ መድህንን ይጠቅሳል) እንኳን አንድ የኔ የማይሉት ወገኔ የማይሉት ህጻን ይህንን ያህል ዋጋ ማውጣቱን አውቀው ለንግዳቸው መስፋፋት የማይፈነቅሉት ምክንያት አለ ለማለት ቢያስቸግርም እንደ ህዝብና ሀገር
ይህንን የመዋጋት የኢትዮጵያና የኢትዮጵያውያኖች ግዴታም ሲሆን እንኚህ ህጻናት በተፈጥሮ የትውልድ መብታቸው በትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ለትርፍ ሊሸጡ ሳይሆን የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭዎች ከተቀራመቱት ኢትዮጵያዊ የተፈጥሮ ሃብት ሊካፈሉ ድርሻቸው እንጂ:: እንግዲህ ይህ የንግድ ትርፍ በአንድ ህጻን ከ$23000 እስከ $25000(ከሃያ ሶስት ሽህ እስከ ሃያ አምስት ሽህ ዶላር) የሚያስገኝ ነውና በምክንያትነት የሚደረድሩት አዳኝነታቸውን ከፍተኛ ጥያቄ ውስጥ ያስገባዋል:: ለግንዛቤ ያህል የተራበ መዳን ያለበት ህጻን ለምን መሸጥ አስፈለገው? ይህንንስ የሽያጭና የግዥ ልውውጥ ከሰብዓዊ ቸርነት ጋር እንዴት ባለ መልኩ ነው ማስታረቅ የሚቻለው? ግዢ ማለተስ የባለቤትነት ማረጋገጫ ዋስትና አይደለም ወይ? አንድ ህጻን ለመርዳትስ ለሁለተኛና ሶስተኛ ደላላ ክፍያን ምን አመጣው? ህጻናትስ ሲሆን ከወላጆቻቸው ካልሆነም በደረጃ ከሚቀርቧቸው ቤተሶቦች ጋር የመኖር ተፈጥሮአዊ መብታቸው አይደለም ወይ? ሰው ሰራሽ (በአብዛኛው) በሆነ ችጋር ቤተስብን አጣብቂኝ ውስጥ በመክተት ህጻናትን የሚመነትፍ ሱቅና ሰራተኛን ምን አመጣው? እናም እናም ብለን ለመልስነት የሚያስቸግሩ ጥያቄዎችን መድርደር ይቻላል:: የነዚህ ጥያቄዎች መልስ በትግራይ ነጻ አውጭዎች ለሚነሱት ምክንያቶች በቂ መልስ ይሰጣልና:: ይህ አይን ያወጣ ዝርፊያ ወፈፌ ሰኞና ሰኔ የገጠሙበት ዘመን ነውና ሁሉም ፈዞ ንግዱም ጦዞ ለቁጥር የሚያዳግቱ ህጻናት በዚሁ የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ተሽጠው ካገር ወጥተዋል:: ይህ በትውልድ የባንዳነት ታሪክ በበታችነት ስሜት የተወጠረ የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ቡድን በከፍተኛ እልህ ሀገርንና ትውልድን ሲያጠፋ በአንጻራዊንት ሀገርና ወገን መዳን አለበት የሚለው ወገን ላለፉት አስራ ስምንት አመታት በጠራራ ጸሀይ የሚፈጸሙትን ወንጀሎች በሰሞነኛ ዜናነት መፎከሪያ ከማድረግ በዘለለ (ለዛውም ዜናውንም ለህሊናቸው የቆሙ ባእዳን ሲንግሩን) የሚፈጸመውን ወንጀል ለመግታት ወይንም ቢያንስ ወደከፋ ጥፋት እንዳይዛመት ስንከላከል አይታይም:: እንግዲህ ነገሮች ከረውና መረው የተወሰኑ ዘሮችን በጭፍን ጥላቻ ለማጥፋት እየተገበር ያለው
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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
20
¹¡v#` À^c& AÂe ™HR¹B100“ ®O| JÀ|
| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
21
¹Ÿ�à xE^ª* RFv[cx F|O|� ¹x±#D� OÑ�“ T¡` v+| (NATIONAL ETHNIC
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žQez` R¡Ñ&�z* ÑHè vBªI ¹¹ÓJ OÑ�“ x±#D�€«� ¨¡H« žzÑ’% ¹excw« zd{ò¬‚ v² ¼H# ؼm¬‚� ™ez¼¹}‚ m`vªJ"" |ž#[| žzcÖw€« ؼm¬‚� Ddy‚ OŸžJ– ž«à AÑa‚ vzH¼º P¼¬‚ WJØŠ« ¨À Ÿ�à vQOÖ# ™Âe ‹ª]¬‚ I¾ ¼H« ™ežò vP¼€« zO××” ¹GŠ Y^ ¼HRÓ’| ™w±+– v«¾¾| I¾ ¼H« D`U�¾³ {¡e vRFv^ª*« ¹x±#D� OÑ�“¬‚ I¾ H&à� eHQ‚H« h¡T– eH Y^ Oe¡ Oeóó|– HRFv[cx ¹x±#D� OÑ�“¬‚ OÀ[Ó eHQ�`v| ÅÒõ – ̈ ±z.. Jº Jº Ddy‚� ؼm¬‚ zŠez« vvm* zxIJzªJ""
žÑé 19 ¹´[ ሁኔታ በእኛነታችን ቀጣይነት ላይ ጥርጣሬን አጭሮአል:: የእኛ ማንነት ማለትም ኢትዮጵያዊነት በሽያጭ ከሀገር የሚወጡትንም የሚያጠቃልል ይመስለኛል:: የግለሰብ ማነነት እና የወል ማንነት የግል በየስማችን የምናመጣው ውክልናውም ጥቅሙም የግል የሆነ ማለትም እንደ ሯጭ ሀኪም መህንዲስ ጠበብት ብቻ የሚዳመቅልን የግላችን ከነማንጠልጠያው ያለው ሲሆን የወል ማንነታችን ደግሞ ኢትዮጵያዊነታችን ነው:: ታዲያ እንትና ሮጠና ከአለም አንደኛ ወጣ ቢባል እግር አጥቶ አንድም ቀን መሮጥ አይደልም ተራምዶ የማያውቀው ወገኔ ሰለ የወል ማነነቱ መሬት ላይ እየትንፏቀቀ ሲደሰት ብታዩ አትደንቁ የወል ማንነት ውስጣዊ ስሜትን መቆጣጠር አይቻለውምና በይበልጥ ኢትዮጵያዊ ማንነት ታዲይ በግልባጩ የወል ማንነት ከትቢያ ላይ ወድቆ ወደኋላ ሲቆጠር ከአፍሪካ አንደኛ ከአለምም ሁለተኛ ሲወጣ ታዲያ የግል ማንነት በህሊና ሱናሜ እንደሚናወጥ እንዴት ለመግለጽ ተሳነን? የግል ማንነት ከወል ማንነት ውጭ ከውርደትና ሃፍረት አንገት ከማስደፋት ሌላ ሊመጥነው የሚችል ቃል የለም::
በዚህ የህጻናት ንግድ ዙሪያ የደርድርኩትን ከማጠቃለሌ በፊት ግን የማሰሪያ ትዝብቴን አንድ ሁለት እላለሁ
----የተመራመረ በግል ማንነቱ የኮራ ኢትዮጵያዊ ከእኩያ የባዕዳን ጓደኛቹ ጋር በከፍተኛ ሆቴል እየተመገቡ እያለ ሀገራችን ኢትዮጵያ ህጻናትን በመሸጥ ከአለም አንደኛ ለመውጣት እየመራች መሆኑን የሚያሳይ ዜና ድንገት ብልጭ ቢል ሃፍረቱ የሚሸጠው ልጅ ወይንስ……?------በዚህ ተሰደን ህይወትን ባሸነፍንበት ሃገር ልጆቻችን ባጋጣሚ በዕድል ካደገና ተሸጦ ከመጣ ኢትዮጵያዊ ጋር ቢገናኙና ኢትዮጵያውያን እንደሸጡት ለልጃችን ቢነግርው ሃፍረቱ ተሽጦ የመጣው ልጅ ወይንስ……? እውን ኢትዮጵያውያን ህጻን ይሸጣሉ ? ጉድ የመዓት ዘመን አዎ በትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ህጻናት ይሸጣሉ:: ታዲያ እንደቀድሞው ጉድ በቻ አውርቶ ሰሞነኛ መፎከሪያ እንዳይሆን በግል የሚያምርብንን ግን ሰብዓዊ
ሩጫችንን መጀመር የግድ ይላል:: የዚህ ጽሁፍም አላማ ውድ የጋዜጣው አዘጋጅ በዚህ ዙሪያ ሊወለዱ የሚችሉትን የድል ብስራቶች አምድ በመለገስ ያሰተናግዳል በሚል ዕምነትም ጭምር ነው:: ይህንን በወገን ላይ የተነጣጠር ዝርፊያ እያንዳንዳችን ወገናዊ ተሳትፎ በማድረግ ቢያንስ ቢያንስ አንድ አንድ ህጻን በሀገሩ ላይ ለማሳደግ በቤተስቦቻችን አማካይነት ግንኙነት ባስቸኳይ በማድረግ ቢያንስ የአንድ ከርሳም ደላላ ጉሮሮ መዝጋትና እነሱ “ገበያ“ የሚሉተን እዛው ሃገር ውስጥ በማስቀረት ወገናዊ ድርሻችንን መወጣት አሁንም ይህ በግል የሚለውን ጉዳይ በድጋሚ ለማብራራት የአንባቢን ጊዜ ከመሻማት የሚዘል ባይሆንም የህጻናት ማሳደጊያ ድርጅት በሚል ስም እየፈሉ የመጡት በአብላጭው ከሃገር ቤት የህጻናት ንግድ ደላሎች ጋር ግንኙነት ያላቸው ወይንም ከጭካኔያቸው ብዛት የትርፍ ተጠቃሚዎች ለመሆናቸው እንድ አሸን መፍላታቸው ጠቋሚ ነውና ከሁሉም ከሁሉም በግል ዕርዳታውን በቤተሰባችን በኩል ማድረጉ ለቅርብ ክትትልም ሆነ ለመንፈሳችን የተረጋጋ እርፍት ይሰጣልና በግል መጀመሩ አማራጭ የለውም ምናልባትም ይህ የወር የአንድ ህጻን ማሳደጊያ ወጭ በቀን እጅግ ለማያስፍልገን ሁለተኛ ቡና የምናጠፋው ነውና ይህ የፉክክር ፊሽካ በሚቀጥለው ዕትም ተብራርቶ በግል የጀመርነው እንዴት ወደ ጋራ እንደሚውስደን የምንመዝንበት ነውና እስከዛው ድረስ መልካም ውድድር የጋራ አሸናፊዎች ነንና ቸር ይግጠመን ደነቀው ወገኑ
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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
22
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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |
Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009
23
Hç[-R`¼T z�wI| ¹m[v TÓ{`!)
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