tabla enfermedades y agentes causales
TRANSCRIPT
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8/16/2019 Tabla Enfermedades y Agentes Causales
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A Select List of Vector-Borne Illnesses in the United States
Type of Canid or Felid
Disease Agent Microorganism Vector Reservoir
Monocytic ehrlichiosis2 Ehrlichia canis Intracellular
bacteria
Ticks, including Rhipicephalus
sanguineus
Unknown
Canine Lyme disease9,a Borrelia burgdorferi Bacteria Ticks, including Ixodes spp Unknown
Granulocytic ehrlichiosis 2,6,b Anaplasma
phagocytophilum(formerly Ehrlichia
phagocytophila and
Ehrlichia equi)
Intracellular
bacteria
Ticks, including Ixodes spp,
Dermacentor variabilis
Unknown
Canine Rocky Mountain
spotted fever c Rickettsia rickettsii Intracellular
bacteria
Ticks, including Dermacentor and Amblyomma spp
Domestic canids
Feline bartonellosisd , f Bartonella henselae Intracellular
bacteria
Ingested fleas and flea feces;
ticks possible
Wild and domestic
felids
Canine bartonellosisd ,e Bartonella vinsoniisubsp berkhoffii
Intracellular
bacteria
Ticks and fleas suspected Wild canids
(coyotes)
Canine babesiosise ,g,h Babesia gibsoni Protozoa Ticks, including R. sanguineus Unknown
Feline cytauxzoonosise Cytauxzoon felis Protozoa Ticks, including D. variabilis Wild felids
(bobcats)
Canine hepatozoonosisi Hepatozoon
americanum
Protozoa Ingested ticks, including
Amblyomma maculatum
Unknown
Canine visceral
leishmaniasis j Leishmania infantum Protozoa Sand flies, including
Lutzomyia spp
Domestic canids
Feline hemotropic
mycoplasmosis3Mycoplasma
haemofelis (formerly
Haemobartonella felis)
Mycoplasma Unknown; ticks, fleas,
mosquitoes are possible but
unproven
Unknown
aLittman MP: Lyme disease: Diagnosis and treatment. Proc 22nd ACVIM , 2004. Accessed February 2007 at www.vin.com.bBexfield NH, Villiers EJ, Herrtage ME: Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 46(11):543–548, 2005.c Kidd L, Hegarty B, Sexton D, Breitschwerdt E: Molecular characterization of Rickettsia rickettsii infecting dogs and people in NorthCarolina, in Hechemy KE, Oteo JA, Raoult DA, et al (eds): Century of Rickettsiology: Emerging, Reemerging Rickettsioses, Molecular Diagnostics and Emerging Veterinary Rickettsioses. Boston, Blackwell, 2006, pp 400–409.d Guptill L: Bartonellosis. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract 33:809–825, 2003.e Birkenheuer A: Three emerging vector-borne diseases in dogs and cats in the United States. Vet Med 100(suppl 5):S2–S10, 2005. f Chomel BB, Kastern RW, Henn JB, Molia S: Bartonella infection in domestic cats and wild felids, in Hechemy KE, Oteo JA, Raoult DA,et al (eds): Century of Rickettsiology: Emerging, Reemerging Rickettsioses, Molecular Diagnostics and Emerging Veterinary Rickettsioses.Boston, Blackwell, 2006, pp 410–415.
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Common Clinical Signs Commonly Used
and Laboratory Findings Diagnostic Tests Pharmacologic Treatment
Lameness, thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hyperglobulinemia
Serology (antibody detection),
PCR
Doxycycline* 10 mg/kg PO q24h × 28 days
Lameness, malaise, protein-losing
nephropathy
Serology (antibody detection) Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q24h × 28 days
Malaise, fever, lameness Serology (antibody detection),
PCR
Doxycycline* 10 mg/kg PO q24h × 28 days
Subclinical; malaise, fever, lameness,
vasculitis, thrombocytopenia
Serology (antibody detection),
histopathology (skin), PCR
Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h × 10 days
Subclinical; possible synergistic effects Serology (antibody detection),
blood culture, PCR
Doxycycline,* azithromycin, varying doses
reported, treat 4–6 wk (superior treatment
protocol not established)
Subclinical; lameness, endocarditis,
congestive heart failure; possible
synergistic effects
Serology (antibody detection),
blood culture, PCR
Doxycycline, azithromycin, varying doses
reported; treat 4–6 wk (superior treatment
protocol not established)
Subclinical; anemia, thrombocytopenia;
severe anaphylactic reaction possible
Serology (antibody detection),
cytology, PCR
Imidocarb 6.6 mg/kg IM once, repeat in 14
days, pretreat with atropine (superior
treatment protocol not established)
Malaise, fever, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, pancytopenia
Cytology (aspirates of lymph nodes,
liver or spleen), histopathology Supportive care, anticoagulants ± imidocarb
(superior treatment protocol not established)
Fever, myositis, lameness, leukocytosis,
anemia
Histopathology (muscle), cytology Triple combination therapy for 2 wk:
Trimethoprim–sulfadiazine (15 mg/kg PO q12h),
clindamycin (10 mg/kg PO q8h), pyrimethamine
(0.25 mg/kg PO q24h), then decoquinate (6%)
1–2 tsp/10 kg mixed in food q12h × 2 y
Subclinical; malaise, skin lesions,
lameness, hyperglobulinemia
Serology (antibody detection),
cytology, histopathology, PCR
Combination therapy: Sodium stibogluconate
(30 mg/kg IV, SC q24h × 3–4 wk), allopurinol
(15–20 mg/kg PO q 12 h × 3–4 wk; then 20
mg/kg q24h for 1 wk each mo indefinitely)
Anemia Cytology, PCR Doxycycline* 5–10 mg/kg PO q24h × 14–21
days
gBoozer AL, Macintire DK: Canine babesiosis. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract 33:885–904, 2003.hBirkenheuer AJ, Correa MT, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB: Geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United States andassociation with dog bites: 150 cases (2000–2003). JAVMA 227(6):942–947, 2005.i Vincent-Johnson NA: American canine hepatozoonosis. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract 33:905–920, 2003.j Rosypal AC, Zajac AM, Lindsay DS: Canine visceral leishmaniasis and its emergence in the United States. Vet Clin Small AnimPract 33:921–937, 200.
PCR = polymerase chain reaction
*NOTE: Cats should not be given doxycycline in tablet form because it has been associated with esophageal ulceration and stricture.Use liquid or compound into capsule form.