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AUGUST2011 VOLUME31 NUMBER4

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Cover credit: Shannon Mash

Digital ObjectIdentifier JO.1J09/MCS.2011.94129S

2 IEEECONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE » AUGUST 2011

August 2011 Volume 31 Number 4

WWW.IEEECSS.ORG/PAB/CSM

32 The CircleCriterionand Input-to-StateStabilityNew perspectives on a classical resultBAVUJAVAWARDHANA,HARTMUTLOGEMANN,and EUGENEP.RVAN

68 Longitudinal Aircraft Dynamicsand the Instantaneous AccelerationCenter 01 RotationThe case of the vanishing zeros

JIN VAN, JESSE B. HOAGG, RtCHARD E. HINDMAN,

and DENNIS S. BERNSTEIN

6 FROMTHE EDITORHubble Trouble,Gil, and Bubble

9 ABOUTTHIS ISSUEColorful Curvature

13 PRESIDENT'SMESSAGEChallengesand Future Directions

15 CSSNEWS

17 25YEARSAGO

18 APPLlCATIONSOF CONTROLModeling and Control ofHeavy-Haul Trains

~ Certifi.edChainofClIstodvSUSTAtNASlEPromotingSustaintbl.FORESTRY forest Mln_glm,nt

tNITlATM ~.sfiprogr.m.o'1

25 PEOPLEIN CONTROLHerbert E. RauchRolf Isermann

93 l'BOOKSHELFFeedback and Control for EveryoneBook Announcements

100 CONFERENCE REPORTSWorkshop on Cyberphysical Applicationsin Smart Power Systems

102 CONFERENCECALENDAR

104 RANDOMINPUTSCDC 50th Anniversary Timeline

IEEE PERIODICALSMAGAZINES DEPARTMENT

445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway,NJ 08854 USA

SeniorManagingEditorGeraldineKrolin-TaylorSeniorArl DirectorJanetDudar

AssistantArl DirectorGailA. Schnitzer

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AdvertisingProductionManagerFeliciaSpagnoliProductionDirectorPeterM.Tuohy

BusinessDevelopmentManagerSusanSchneiderman+1732 562 3946Fax:+1 732 981 1855ss.ieeemedia@ieee.orgEditorialDirectorDawnM.MelleyStaftDirectorPublishingOperationsFranZappulla

IEEEprohibitsdiscrimination,harassmen/,andbullying.Formoreinforma/ion,visi/http://www.ieee.org/web/abou/us/wha/is/policies/p9-26.html.

4 IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE» AUGUST 2011

MISSIONSTATEMENTANOSCOPE:IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazineis the officialmeans01communicationlor the IEEEControlSys-tems Society.IEEEControlSys/emsMagazinepublishesinteresting,uselul,andinlormativematerialon all aspects01controlsystemtechnologylor the bene/it01control educators,practitioners.and researchers.With this missionstatementin mind, IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazineencouragessubmissions,bothleaturearticlesandcolumns,on allaspects01controlsystemtechnology.SUBMISSIONOFMANUSCRIPTS:A leaturearticle providesan in-depthtreatment01eitheran application01control technologyoraninnovationin controleducation.Maximumlengthis 30pages,doublespaced,notincludingligures.Authorswishingtosubmitlongerpapersmaycontacttheeditor-in-chie!.

IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazinepublishesavariety01columns."LectureNotes"canbetheoreticalinnatureaslongastheyhavecleartutorial valueandintenl. "Applications01Control"columnsare industriallyorientedsummaries01innovationsin controltechnology.Authorsareencouragedtocontacttheeditor-in-chíelaboutthesuitability01potentialcolumns.

A detailedAuthor'sGuidecan be lound at http://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/csm/.Thespecilicationsin this Guidemust be lollowedby allsubmissions. <

AIImanuscriptsmustbesubmittedelectronicallyin P.DFlormat to theEditor-in-ChielDennisS. Bernsteinatdsbaero@umich.edu.LATEXis prelerredlor manuscriptswith multipleequations.ALATEXtemplatecanbeloundathttp://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/csm/.SPECIALSECTlONS:IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazineencouragesproposalslor specialsections.Proposersareencouragedto contacttheeditor-in-chielto discusspotentialtopics.BOOKSANOCONFERENCES:Submitinlormation aboutrecentiypublishedbooksto theassociateeditor lor book reviews.Submitinlormation aboutpastandlutureconlerencesto thecorrespondingeditor lor conlerences.AOVERTISING:IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazineacceptsadvertisinglor educationalproducts,books,software,conlerences,employ-ment,andcontrol-relatedtechnology.Forinlormationaboutadvertising,contactSusanSchneiderman,BusinessDevelopmentMan-ager,lEEEMagazines,445 HoesLane,Piscataway,NJ08854 USA;+17325623946; lax: +1 7329811855; ss.ieeemedia@ieee.org.IEEECONTROLSYSTEMSMAGAZINE-(lSSN 1066-033X)(ISMAD7)is publishedbimonthlybyTheInstitute01ElectricalandElec-tronics Engineers,Inc. Headquarters:3 ParkAvenue,17thFloor,NewYork,NY10016-5997,U.S.A.+1 2124197900. Responsibilitylor thecontentsrestsupontheauthorsandnot uponthe IEEE,theSociety,or its members.Themagazineis a membershipbenelit01the IEEEControlSystemsSociety,andsubscriptionsare$4.00per memberperyear (includedin Societylee). Replacementcopieslor membersareavailablelor $20 (onecopyonly).Nonmemberscanpurchaseindividualcopieslor$76.00. Nonmembersubscriptionpricesareavailableon requesl.CopyrightandReprintPermissions:Abstractingis permittedwith credit to thesource.Librariesarepermittedto photocopybeyondthe limits01theU.S.Copyrightlawlor privateuse01patrons:1)thosepost-1977articlesthatcarry acodeatthebottom01thelirst page,providedtheper-copyleeindicatedinthecodeis paidthroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDrive,Oanvers,MA01970, U.S.A.;and2) pre-1978articleswithoutlee. Forothercopying,reprint,or republicationpermis-sion,write to: CopyrightsandPermissionsOepartment,IEEEServiceCenter,445 HoesLane,PiscatawayNJ08854,U.S.A.Copyright@2011 by TheInstitute01ElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,lnc.AII rightsreserved.Periodicalspostagepaidat NewYork,NYandatadditionalmailingoffices.Postmaster:Sendaddresschangesto IEEECOII/rolSys/emsMagazine,IEEE,445 HoesLane,Piscataway,NJ08854U.S.A.CanadianGST#125634188 Printed in U.S.A

Vol. 30, No. 4

<OOtockbyte

EditorialBoard

Editor-in-ChiefElizabeth T.B.Johnston

DesignAlaska,Inc. í1Student Editor

SachinSethGeorgia Institute 01TechnoJogy

Associate EditorsRegina Hannemann

University01KentuckySuzanne Rivoire

Sonoma State University

David Zihe TianCarnegie Mellon University

Ravi M.TodiIBMMicroelectronics

Kim W.TracyNortheastern lIIinoisUniversity

George W. ZobristMissouri University 01Science

and Technology-Rolla

5taff

Craig CauserManaging Editor

Geraldine Krolln-TaylorSenior Managing Editor

Janet DudarSenior Art Director

Gail A. SchnitzerAssistant Art Director

Theresa L. SmithProduction Coordinator

Susan SchneidermanBusiness Development Manager

+17325623946 Fax: +17329811855

Felicia SpagnollAdvertising Production Manager

Dawn M. MelleyEditorialDirector

Peter M.TuohyProduction Director

Fran ZappullaStaft Director, Publishing Operations

AdvisoryCommitteeEllzabeth T.B. Johnston, Chair

(Potentials EIC)

Howard E. Michel (MGA Chair)

Darrel Chong (SAC Chair)Cecel/a Jankowski

(MGA Managing Director)

Digital Object Idmtifier 10.1109/MPOT.2011.942127

JULY/AUGUST 2011

~att;E?elJ:!=iaDsfor high-tech innovators

'\

Contents

4 IEEE Student Branch profile: "Que"ingup interest in Western AustraliaCraig Causer

7 The way Isee it: Should the standard undergraduateengineering education be extended to five years?Duane Howard and Rohan Verma

Grad Ed: Secrets, Tips, and Techniques

10 A case for engineering beyond specializationRichard H. Spencer and Raymond E. Floyd

12 Things I wish I knewSachin Seth

14 Etiquette for engineers: Tips for gettinga great letter of recommendationRob Candler

18 A proofreading tool using brute force techniquesKai A. Olsen and Bard Indredavik

23 Reflections on the gentle artof effective teaching and mentoringJohn D. Cressler

27 Digital to-do: Paperless literature reviewThorarin A. Bjarnason

31 My first job: Powering through limitationsEnrique Tejera

34 Mobile RFID and its design security issuesAIi Kashif Bashir, 8ajjad Hussain Chauhdary,Sayed Chhattan Shah, and Myong-Soon Park

39 A methodology to define physical constants usingmathematical constantsFrank H. Makinson

44 IPTV:An alternative to traditional cableand satellite televisionMatthew N.O. Sadiku and Sudarshan R. Nelatury

Departments

AAPEX<m.. ....

AWARDS PORPUBLICATION EXCB1.LENCE

3 editorial

3 thewayahead

47 SACe-mail

48 gamesman

1

I I n1. !

JULV/AUGUST2011

Volume2T Number}http://magazine.embs.orgPULSEl.

A MAGAZINE OFTHE IEEEENGINEERINGIN MEDICINEAND BIOLOGYSOCIETY

68 Harvard-MIT Divisionof Health Sciences and Technologyby Uly U. Burns-Hernandez and Julie E. Greenberg

7O Biomedical EngineeringContinues to Make the Futureby Sergio Fantini, Caoimhe Bennis, and David Kaplan

COLUMNS & DEPARTMENTS

4 FROM THE EDITOR

6 PRESIDENT'SMESSAGE

8 PERSPECTIVESON

GRADUATE LlFE

12 EMBC 2011: BOSTON

GREATER BOSTON CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU

I~ Certified Chain 01CustodySUSTAlNABU: PrOl!lOtinllSustlinlb18FORESTR'f forlstMlnlglment

INlTIATM WMY.lnprQgrlm,of\l

74 RETROSPECTROSCOPE

82 POINTOFVIEW

84 BOOKREVIEW

85 CALENDAR

------------------------------------------------------JUlY/AUGUST 2011...IEEEPULSE1Digita/ Object /dentifier 1O./109IMPUL.:lO/ /.94/448

",'i

FEATJJRES

22 NewInvestigator GrantsExpand Research Opportunitiesby Cynthia Weber

24 Wanted/Foundby Sarah Campbell

31 Boston Research Takes Center Stageby Pamela Reynolds

39 The MGH/HSTAthinoula A. Martinos Centerby GeorgeBonmasser

43 The Wyss Institute at Harvard Universityby Donald E. Ingber

47 Neuroscience at MITby Vincent c.K. Cheung and Emilio Bizzi

51 Northeastern Universityby Dana Brooks, Jeffrey Ruberti, and Caoimhe Bennis

55 From Bench to Bedsideby Mark Dwortzan

59 The Center for Integration of Medicineand Innovative Technologiesby Colin J.H. Brenan

63 Global Health Technology 2.0by Aya Caldwell, Anna Young, Jose Gomez-Marquez,and Kristian R. Olson

THESMALLESTSPACECRAFTWASLAUNCHEDINMAY,ANDIT'S4 CENTIMETERSLONG

HIGH-TECH

.,SONARSREVEALCITY-SIZESCHOOLS

I OFFISHIII

ctrumvolume 48 number 8 north amerlcan

8.l1

COVER STORY

30 AUTONOMOUSROBOTS IN THEFOG OF WARMilitary robots are gettingsmarter all the time, butthey're still far from ready toact on their own. Here's why.By Lora G. WeissCOVER: NOEMOTlON

THIS PAGE: 7DP. NOEMOTlON; 8OT7DM. FRED BAVENDAMIGETTY IMAGES

SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG

36 MAGNETMAKEOVERCompositeconstruction couldmake the permanent magnetsinside motors and generatorstwice as good as today's best.By GeorgeHadjipanayis& A/exander Gabay

42 CHIPS IN SPACEShrinking spacecraft down to thesize of integrated circuits couldrevolutionize the way we explorethe solar system.By Mason Peck

48 UNIDENTIFIEDFLOATING OBJECTSWide-area sonar is changing thegame ofunderwater exploration,revealing patterns of oceanlife that no one has ever seenbefore. By Nicho/as Makris

AUGUST 2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . NA 1

ctrum

UPDATE11 CISCO BETSON A SMART CITYA South Korean cityalms for the "most wlred"honor. By E/IzaStr/ckland

13 ENERGV POLITICSAFTER FUKUSHIMA

14 A FUSION ROCKET

16 RECVCLED LIGHT

18 NANOMEMORIES

OPINION8 SPECTRAL LlNESUtilltles must quellpubllc fears aboutsmart meters-or rlska backlash.By G.Pascal Zachary

28 TECHNICALLVSPEAKINGInevitably. the meme hasspawned a whole newvocabulary of ideas.By Paul McFedrles

DEPARTMENTS4 BACK STORVOur photo editor has had herpicture taken many times, butnever before In 3-D.

6 CONTRIBUTORS

20 THE BIG PICTUREA glant Interactlve globecomposed of thousands oforganic LEDs makes its debut.

22 HANDS ONWhat are the tools that do-It-yourselfers need? We askedthem. By James Turner

GEEK LIFE24 How well does Wlklpedlahandle controversy?By Mark Anderson25 The lron Man sult is steadilymovlng from comlc book toreallty. By Susan Karlln

26 EDUCATIONA new ranking of EE programsputs lesser-known schools atthe topo By Prachl Patel

64 THE DATACould Shakespeare havetweeted Hamlet?By Joel B. Predd

volume 48 number 8 north amerlcan

8.llSPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG AVAILABLE1AUGUST

Thé Art of FailureSometimes art isaccidental. At IEEE's18th annual InternationalSymposium on thePhysical and FailureAnalysis ofIntegratedCircuits, held 4 to 7July inSouth Korea, participantssubmitted pictures ofsurreal and spectacular chipfailures in a competitionfor the most affectingimage. First place went to

this charming dinosaursilhouette, which is actuallya patch oflead on the surfaceof aball of tin and lead solder.

THEINSTITUTE.IEEE.ORG AVAILABLE 5 AUGUST

LUNAR MODULE EARNSMILESTONE The Grumman lunarmodule was the first vehlcle toland a person on an extraterrestrlalbody-the moon. IEEE is recognizlngit wlth a Mllestone in ElectrlcalEnglneerlng and Computing.

ONLlNE WEBINARS & RESOURCES

18August: Slmulation ofElectrodeposltlon ProcessesUSlng COMSOL

Smart-Grld ControlSystems: Movlng Towardsa Self-Heallng Grld

The Inslght You Want, theData You Need: Transformlnginslghts Into Actlon

~Printed wiIhinks containingsoy andlor

... vegetableoils

SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG

LATEST EDITION OF NATIONALELECTRICAL SAFETV CODELearn about the 2012 NatlonalElectrlcal Safety Code, whlchis revlsed every flve years andpubllshed exclusively by IEEE.The code sets the U.S. groundrules for the practlcal safeguardingof people durlng the Installatlon.operatlon, and malntenance ofelectric supply and communlcationlInes and associated equipment.

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNICATIONCONFERENCE The 2011 IEEEThlrd Latln American Conferenceon Communlcatlons. to be held24 to 26 October In Belém,Brazll. will focus on sustainablecommunicatlons for a green world.

AVAILABLE AT http://spectrum.ieee.org/webinar

Model-8ased Solutionsto the Code MalntenanceNlghtmare-Tackllng KeyDevelopment Headaches

Acoustlcs Slmulatlon InMlcrophones, Mobite Devices,and Hearlng Alds Using COMSOL

Real-Time Mattersl Tlmlngand Performance Analyslsfor Embedded Systems

Effectlvely ManaglngAUTOSAR Development

Dlgltlzing the Power Grld:Fundamentals of Smart GrldSenslng and Analytlcs

Uslng MATLA8 to Slmulate andOptlmlze Multlphysics Deslgns

Parameter Estlmatlon andModel Valldation of GeneratorlExcitation Systems

Klnetis ARM Cortex-M4MCUs: The Inside Story

A Smart Approach toMaxlmlzlng ROl in ConsumerElectronlcs Innovatlon

New product release IIbrary:http://spectrum.leee.org/statlc/new-product-release-llbrary

IEEE SPECTRUM (lSSN 0018M9235) Is pubI!shed monthly bv1he Instltuteof Electrical and EIectronIcs Englneers.lnc. Al! r1ghts reserved.Cl20n by The Instltute of EtectrIcaI and ElectronlcsEnglneers.lnc:~3 ParkAvenue. New York.NY10016-5997. USA. The editorialcontent of IEEE5pectrum magazine does not represent offlclalposltlons of the IEEEor ItsorganIZatlonalunlts.CanadIan Post Intematlonal PubllcatlOns MaII (CanadIan Dlstrtbution) Sales Agreement No. 40013087. Renm undeIlvefable CanadIan addresses t:o:Clrculatlon Department:.IEEE Spectrum.Box 1051, Fort: Erie,ON L2A 6C7. Cabfeaddrett ITRIPlEE. Fax: +1212 4197570. INTERNET: spect:rurnOleee.of8. ANNUAI..SUBSCRIPTIONS: IEEE Members: $21.40 n:1uded In dues.1..barIesIlnst:tt:uUons:$399. POSTMASTER:PIease send address changes t:OIEEESpectrum, CJbCodIngDepartment IEEEServiceCent:er.445 HoesLane.80x 1331.Plscat:away. NJ 08855. PerIodbIspost:agepaJdat:New York.NY.and addltlonal matllngoffIces.CanacllanGST _125634188.Pr1nt:edat:120DonnetleyDr~GIasgow.KV42141.1060.U.SA IEEESpectn.m clrculationtsaudltedby BPAWortdwIde.IEEE Spectrum Isamembel"of AmerIcanBusInessMedia.the MagazInePublIshersof Amerlca.anclAssoclatlonMedia&Publlshlng.lEEEprohlbltsdlscrlmlnaUon.harassment:. and bullylng. FoI"more Informatlon. vlslt: ht:t:p://www.Ieee.orgIweblaboutus/Whatls/pollcIes/p9-26.html.

AUGUST 2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . NA 3