spanish iii lesson el 18 de diciembre 2014

8/9/2019 Spanish III Lesson El 18 de Diciembre 2014

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Espaol III

el 18dediciembre2014

Tarea is located at the bottomof the pageLos examenes de Captulo seacaban Test-Captulo 3B el 19 de

diciembre2014 maana


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!"xico# historia de m"xico enbreve $ %n busca de la &erdad

el 1' de diciembre 2014(ealidades 3B

META

1. Vocabulario del CENTRO2. Palabras importantes3. El Presente Progresivo4. Mandato- T Armativo (egulares e

irregulare!. "a "ecci#n

a. A Primera Vista p$ginas 1!%-1!&

b. Manos a la obra

p)gina 1*2 Las +lorietas,cti&idad 12 , La&ar. /)gina 13.

c. 'irect (b)ect Pronouns p$gina 1**


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d. Actividad 12 TA+E'E (T+A VE,

e. rregular T orm commands p$gina 1*%

Los conseos de una amiga,cti&idad 1*

. +epasos / verbos usados por 0acer laactividad

!. Comprendiste? Pgina 161+ealidades 2

(emember- Teston material covered t0is eerida/ or Monda/

Captulo 3el 5ami#n

la avenida

el sem$oro

la pla6a ocaloin M78icouente

el tr$9co


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la estatua

la se:al de parada

peat#n peaton$l

el cruce de la calle

el puente

estrec0o estrec0a

anc0o anc0ar$pido

despacio

c;rculos

glorietas

es


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sigue derec0o

mane)ar

5onducir =uiar

ten cuidado 5uidar

permiso de mane)ar

poner una multa

peligroso

pasar por

?TA+@Ecarretera


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'irect (b)ect

Pronouns otrave6

!e te lo la le nos os los las


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"#rmati$e

in%ormal &t'(commands

)egularT commands are t0e singular orm o inormalcommands. To tell a riend amil/ memberclassmate c0ild or pet to do somet0ing use t0earmative t command. To tell one o t0ose samepeople not to do somet0ing use t0e negative tcommand. T0is article covers t0e armativeinormal command inormal imperativeB in all itsorms.

CompratB los libros. Bu$ the boos56C

armative *o caminestB en el c7sped. 7on8t 9al on

the grass56C negative


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Armative

normal T5ommand orms

For the familiar affirmative Tcommands, you will simply use the 3rdperson singular form of the presentindicative.-AR verbs Add the 3rdperson singular ending !a to the stem

5omprarB Comprala camisa. Bu$ the shirt56-"R verbs Add the 3rdperson singular ending !e to the stem

AprenderB D"prendeespa:ol Learn:panish.6

-#R verbs Add the 3rdperson singular ending !e to the stem

EscribirB DEscribeel ensa/o ;rite theessa$.6

For verbs with stem changes or spelling changes in the presenttense, the stem or spelling change still applies.


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5errarB Cierrala puerta.


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D V7te =et out "a tareaF G$6laa0ora

He good D@7 bueno D@al "eave

D';me Tell me

Pronoun Placement it0 5ommands

'ronoun placement the pronoun is attached tothe end of affirmative commands and theverb carries a tilde to maintain its

original stress.

DG$blame

Punctuation to t0e +escue

(ecause the informal t) command *imperative+ is the sameconugation form as the 3rd person singular, it is helpful toinclude e%clamation points to indicate urgency or the name ofthe person you are commanding followed by a comma. ithoutthe comma, your sentence is ust the 3rd person singular present


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indicative. ompare the following sentences written withdifferent punctuation I Comprala camisa. @0e bu/s t0e s0irt.B -

present indicative I DComprala camisa Hu/ t0e s0irtB -inormal imperative I Alicia comprala camisa. Alicia bu/s t0es0irt.B - present indicative I Aliciacomprala camisa. Alicia bu/ t0es0irt.B - inormal imperative

Present

Progressive TensePresent Progressi$e

The present progressive is formed by combining the verb /to be/with the present participle. *The present participle is merely the

/-ing/ form of a verb.+# am studying.# am studying with 0ar1a.


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#n "nglish, present progressive can be used to describe what ishappening now, or what will happen in the future.# am studying now.

# am studying with 0ar1a tonight.

#n 2panish, the present progressive is only used to describe anaction that is in the process of ta$ing place. #t is notused forfuture actions.I am studying now.

*use present progressive+

I am studying with Mara tonight.*do notuse present progressive+

To form the present progressive in 2panish, combine a form of/estar/ with the present participle.Estoy hablando.

# am spea$ing.Juan est comiendo.

ohn is eating.Mara est escribiendo una carta.

0ary is writing a letter.

#n order to form the present progressive, you

must $now how to conugate the verb estar, andhow to form the present participle. 4ou already$now how to conugate the verb estar


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To form the present participle of -ir stem changing verbs, changeei and ou in the stem, and then add -iendo to the stem of theverb.

servir sirviendopedir pidiendodecir diciendodormir durmiendomorir muriendopoder pudiendo

2ometimes when forming the present participle it is necessary tochange the spelling of a word so that it agrees with the way it ispronounced. e call this an /orthographic/ change. 7ere aresome common e%amplescaer cayendocreer creyendohuir huyendo

ir yendoinfluir influyendoo1r oyendotraer trayendoleer leyendoseguir siguiendo

The following e%amples illustrate the rules for forming thepresent participle.hablar hablando*-ar+comer comiendo*-er+vivir viviendo*-ir+


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decir diciendo*ei+dormir durmiendo*ou+leer leyendo*orthographic+

seguir siguiendo*orthographic+

To form the present progressive, simply conugate the verb estarto agree with the subect of the sentence, and follow it with thepresent participle.uan est comiendopan.ohn is eating bread.

0ar1a y armen estn hablandocon nosotros.0ary and armen are spea$ing with us.

Remember, only use the present progressive for actions that are/in progress./ ompare the uses of the present indicative withthe uses of the present progressive.Estudio espaol.*'resent #ndicative+# study 2panish.# am studying 2panish *these days+.# do study 2panish.Estoy estudiando espaol.*'resent 'rogressive+# am studying (right now, at this moment)2panish.#t is important to remember that you would neveruse thepresent progressive to say something li$e /e are going to

2pain this summer./ 8se present progressive onlyfor actionsthat are /in progress./


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Spanish Present Progressive ~ Present

ContinuousT0e @panis0 present progressive or presentcontinuous is ver/ similar to its Englis0counterpart to be J -ingB. n bot0 languagest0e present progressive e8presses an in-progress action it0 an emp0asis on its

current temporar/ aspect.

>o estamos mirando

la tele&isi?n5

KeLre not atc0ingtelevision.

%sto$ trabaando@ nopuedo salir5 Lm oring canLt goout.

A/or u" no est)s

haciendo caso del

profesor

K0/ arenLt /ou pa/ingattention to t0eteac0erF

n Englis0 t0e present progressive can alsobe used or somet0ing t0at ill 0appen in t0e


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uture. Not so in @panis0. T0is use o t0eEnglis0 present progressive is e8pressed in@panis0 it0 t0e simple present uture ornear uture.

Lm going tot0e ban later.

Do$

=r"

Do$ a ir

} al banco m)s

tarde5

GeLs leavingtomorro.

:ale

:aldr)

Da a

salir

} maana5

M(+E +EVEK ( TGE P+E@ENTP+(=+E@@VE

T0e .panis- present

progressi$eis usuall/ ormed it0 t0epresent tense o estarJ gerundo t0e actionverb.
http://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/presenttense.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future-u.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/tobe.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/gerund.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future-u.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/tobe.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/gerund.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/presenttense.html


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%sto$ le$endo am reading

%st)s hablando Oou are speaing

%st) llorando Ge is cr/ing

T0ere are 9ve ot0er verbs 0ic0 can replaceestarand add a dierent nuance to t0epresent progressiveQ

and

ar

to be in t0e process oB doing

somet0ingAnda buscando suslla&es5

GeLs looing or 0ise/s.

ir to startRbe graduall/ doing somet0ingDo$ comprendiendo

la &erdad5

=Em starting to

understand the
http://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/ir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/ir.html


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truth5

lle$

ar

to 0ave been doing somet0ing Englis0present perect progressiveB

Lle&o dos aos

trabaando au5

Lve been oring0ere or to /ears.

seg

uirto go onReepRcontinue doing somet0ing

:igue llo&iendo5 tLs still raining.

$eni

r

to 0ave been doing somet0ing Englis0present perect progressiveB

%s lo ue &engo

diciendo5

T0atLs 0at Lvebeen sa/ing.
http://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.html


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1. En busca de la

$erdad)e$ie/ t-e -istoria bre$e de !ico

Captulo 3" yEn Busca de la verdad5ap;tulo 3A SFu" hiciste a$er

Parte de esta intensa lecci#nconsta dee8aminar los detalles de %> BG:C,7% L, D%(7,7555

consta de la cultura $ la historia de!"xico en bre&e para comprenderesta rande novela5Gn Conocimiento de la historia de!"xico es importante paracomprender lo ue pasa con loscar)cteres de la no&ela5


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,s es ue se presenta la historia de!"xico en breve

!a "istoria de M#$ico enbreve

El %eriodo de !os &ndiinas

Before the Spanish arrival in 1519, Mexico wasoccupied by a large number of Indian groups with verydifferent social and economic systems. In general thetribes in the arid north were relatively small groups ofhunters and gatherers who roamed extensive areas ofsparsely vegetated deserts and steppes. These people areoften referred to as Chichimecs, though they were amixture of several linguistically distinctive cultural groups.


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In the rest of the country the natives were agriculturalists,which allowed the support of dense populations. Amongthese were the Maya of the ucatan, Totonac, !uastec,

"tomi, Mixtecs, #apotecs, Tlaxcalans, Tarascans, andA$tecs. A number of these groups developed highcivili$ations with elaborate urban centers used forreligious, political, and commercial purposes. The Mayancities of Chichen It$a, %xmal, and &alen'ue, the A$teccapital of Tenochtitlan, T$int$unt$an of the Tarastec, andMonte Alban of the #apotecs are examples.

(y A) **++ the Toltecs had con'uered much of centraland southern Mexico and had established their capital atTula in the Mesa Central. They also built the city ofTeotihuacan near presentday Mexico City. At about thesame time, the #apotecs controlled the "axaca -alley andparts of the outhern !ighlands. The cities they built atMitla and Monte Alban remain, though they were ta/en

over by the Mixtecs prior to the arrival of the panish.

0hen the panish arrived in central Mexico, the A$tecscontrolled most of the Mesa Central through a state tributesystem that extracted taxes and political servility fromcon'uered tribal groups. The A$tecs migrated into the


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Mesa Central from the north and fulfilled a tribal prophesyby establishing a city where an eagle with a sna/e in itsbea/ rested on a cactus. This became the national symbol

of Mexico and adorns the country1s flag and official seal.The A$tecs founded the city of Tenochtitlan in the early*2++s, and it became the capital of their empire. TheTlaxcalans to the east, the Tarascans on the west, and theChichimecs in the north were outside the A$tec domainand fre'uently warred with them. The nation1s namederives from the A$tecs1 war god, Mexitli.

Spanish Conquest -LLegan los Espaoles

3rom the time of !ernando Corte$1s con'uest until

*45*, Mexico was a colony of pain. Corte$ first enteredthe -alley of Mexico on the Mesa Central in *6*7 aftermarching overland from -eracru$, the town he hadfounded on the 8ulf Coastal &lain.

0ith fewer than 5++ soldiers and a few horses, the initialcon'uest of the A$tecs was possible only with theassistance of the large Indian armies Corte$ assembled


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;ot surprisingly, Iturbide was crowned emperor of Mexicoin =uly *455, and the newly formed empire lasted lessthan a year. Iturbide was exiled from the country but

returned and was executed.

6eneral #ntonioLope$ de Santa #7#then e"erged as the do"inant political force for so"e

8+ ears'

Santa #nna !as president of .eico !hen Teas

revolted and during the .eican-#"erican ar of 1*:(

Benito 4uare$ears

After nearly a half century of independence, Mexico hadmade relatively little economic or political progress, and

the peasantry continued to suffer. In*464(enito=uare$, a #apotec from "axaca, became president.!eattempted to eliminate the role of the >oman Catholicchurch in the nation by appropriating its land and


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prerogatives. In *467 the :ey :erdo was issuedseparating church and state, abolishing monastic orders,

and nationali$ing churchproperty. Juarez had

anticipated that Indians and peasantswould reacquire the 50 percent of thenation's land formerly held by thechurch, but the properties werequicly purchased by the elite.

(ecause of the many years of economic and political

chaos that had elapsed, Mexico was

financially insolvent.

4uare$ and Suspension of pa"ent on foreign loans

In *4


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The (ritish and panish 'uic/ly withdrew, but 3rance

overthrew the Mexican government

and in*4


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landless--de0t peons 0ecause ofgovern"ent epropriation of

co""unall held far" villages'

.eican


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3orfirio ,=a$

Benito 4uare$


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.ai"iliano %

.>ico

(ecause )ia$ had surrounded himself with friends andcronies who gained economic and political power, therewas little opportunity for outsiders in the process even if

they were upperclass Mexicans. 3rancisco Madero, borninto a wealthy mining and ranching family of northernMexico, is credited with instigating the Mexican

>evolution. #fter the fraudulent electionof 191+) .adero led a revolutionar


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"ove"ent that in 1911 captured theisolated 0order cit of Ciudad 4uare$'

#n old "an in ill health) ,ia$ !asforced to resign) and .adero !aselected president on a platfor"pro"ising social refor"'

Madero was idealistic but politically inept. As a result hispresidency was shortlived and chaotic. 3elix )ia$,&orfirio1s nephew, and 8en. -ictoriano !uerta @oinedtogether in a rebellion that ousted Madero. !e and hisvicepresident, &ino uare$, were executed by the militaryin 3ebruary *7*2.

!uerta became president, but counterrevolutions bro/eout in the north. They were led by 8en. -enustianoCarran$a, a follower of Madero and governor of Coahuila,with &ancho -illa and 8en. Alvaro "bregon. &easants inthe south, disillusioned with Madero1s ineffectiveness,rallied behind the charismatic Indian revolutionary9miliano #apata. 0hile the northern revolutionaries werelargely interested in access to power, #apata and his

followers, the zapatistas,demanded land and liberty forthe peasantry.


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)uring the next few years disorder and chaos reigned. In*7*6 Carran$a overthrew !uerta to became president, butin the process he alienated -illa, among others. #apata

was /illed shortly after Carran$a came to power, but hisideal of agrarian reform became a cornerstone of therevolution. -illa returned to Chihuahua and raided bordertowns in the southwest ern %nited tates, includingColumbus, ;.M., where a number of Americans were/illed. American 8en. =ohn =. &ershing was sent intoMexico to capture -illa but was unsuccessful. BSee also-illa, &anchoD #apata, 9miliano.

The ma@or accomplishment of the Carran$a period was the

Constitution of *7*, which sought todestroy the feudalism that hadexisted in Mexico for ?++ years.

After Carran$a1s assassination in *75+, 6eneral &0regonascended to the presidenc' # strong individual) he!as 0oth !illing and a0le to push through socialrefor"s' is successor in 192: !as 6en' 3lutarcoElias Calles) a longti"e political all'

Calles was vigorously antichurch and was also unfriendlyto foreign capital investment. "nly through diplomaticintervention was Calles persuaded to reopen churches


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that had closed and to become less hostile to the foreigngovernments he had alienated.

&0regon !as elected to a second ter" in 192* 0ut

!as assassinated that sa"e ear'

!"I National "e#olutionary !arty

Calles) !ho had founded the 7ational


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The election of 8en. :a$aro Cardenas in *72? changedthe politics of the nation. Cardenas expelled Calles anddeveloped a vigorous sixyear plan to moderni$e the

country. !e redistributed more land than did all of hispredecessors combined, built rural schools, nationali$edthe petroleum industry and strengthened the unions.

Miguel Aleman -aldes, president from *7?< to *765, wasresponsible for massive publicwor/s pro@ects, includingirrigation schemes in the northwest and hydroelectricpower in the south. :uis 9cheverria Alvare$ B*7+I1s control ofelection procedures and ballot counting and placed limits


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on campaign spending. The agreement added * newamendments to Mexico1s constitution.

ixtyeight years of uninterrupted legislative rule by &>I

came to an end in =uly *77 as Mexican voters handedcontrol of the country1s lower house of parliament to twoopposition parties nominally allied against the &>I. 0hilethe &>I won the largest individual share of the vote,finishing with approximately 27 percent of the vote, it failedto win an independent ma@ority in the lower house for thefirst time since *757. The ;ational Action party B&A;

finished second in the election, capturing 5 percent of thevote, and the &arty of the )emocratic >evolution B&>)won nearly 5< percent of the vote. &olitical analysts werenearly unanimous in stating that the election resultsindicated that the Mexican political system had begun tomove away from thinly veiled oneparty rule and towardgenuine multiparty democracy. ;owhere was the changing

political atmosphere more evident than in Mexico City,where &>) leader Cuahtemoc Cardenas olor$ano won alandslide victory in the mayoral race.

ome >ecent >elations with the %nited tates

>elations between the %nited tates and Mexicofluctuated in the 5+th century. A longstanding borderdispute was settled in *7


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ever reached between them. The continentwide ;orthAmerican 3ree Trade Agreement B;A3TA went into effectin *77?. In addition, the %nited tates and Mexico have

wor/ed cooperatively to deal with the flow of illegalnarcotics traffic from Mexico to the %nited tates. The'uestion of illegal The 'uestion of illegal immigration andthe treatment of illegals in the %nited tates is also asource of irritation between the nations.

%nrest in Chiapas

Tensions between progovernment paramilitary forces andthe antigovernment #apatista ;ational :iberation ArmyB9#:; exploded during the first two wee/s of =anuary in*77?, when 9#:; guerrillas staged an uprising throughoutChiapas in protest against the Mexican government1streatment of Mexico1s large but impoverished Indiancommunity. The *77? uprising left at least *?+ peopledead, and it spar/ed an ongoing struggle that raged

throughout the southern state of Chiapas and claimedbetween 2++ and


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supporters of the antigovernment peasant rebellion thatbegan in Chiapas in *77?EEEEE..

/oncho &illa


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1. 5ultura 0istoria / 5onocimiento de las ciudades deEn busca de la verdad

2. =uana)uato M78ico


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3. @an Miguel de Allende M78ico

4. @an Antonio Te8as

!. El museo de !omias de +uanauato

Cap'tulo (A)ram*tica

El Pret7ritoT0e Preterite tense is used to indicate a completedaction in t0e past. somet0ing t0at as completed-9nis0ed in t0e past

Verbos regulares


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-A+

-7-aste-#-amos

-asteis-aronVerbos -er e -ir regulares

-;-iste-i#

-imos-isteis-ieron

Verbos irregulares


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Vieron

5ase irregular

5aer

5a;5a;ste5a/#5a;mos5a;steis5a/eron.

(+

(;(;ste(/#(;mos(;steis(/eron


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5+EE+

5re;5re;ste5re/#5re;mos5re;steis5re/eron

"EE+

"e;"e;ste

"e/#"e;mos"e;steisle/eron

5ase also 0as-


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All Cuir verbs

5onstruirnUuir.....

5onstruir

5onstru;5onstru;ste5onstru/#5onstru;mos5onstru;steis5onstru/eron

5ase @E+ AN' +

uiuisteueuimos


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uisteisueron

@er

u;uisteu7uimosuisteisueron

(TA group

5ase V

,ota roup

"ll cir $erbs tae t-e 5

'ecir


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'i)e'i)ste

di)odi)imosdi)isteisdi)eron

T+AE+ goes it0 t0ecase V verbs

Tra)e

Tra)isteTra)oTra)imos


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Tra)isteis

Tra)eronCase7 7 group

E.") E*E) "*,")

Estar

E@T?VEE@T?V@TEE@T?V(E@T?VM(@

E@T?V@TE@E@T?VE+(N"*,")

AN'?VEAN'?V@TEAN'?V(

AN'?VM(@AN'?V@TE@AN'?VE+(N


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TENE+

T?VE

T?V@TE

T?V(

T?VM(@

T?V@TE@T?VE+(N

5ase V "os independientes


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Poner

Puse

PusistePusoPusimosPusisteisPusieron

Poder

Pude

Pudiste

Pudo

PudimosPudisteisPudieron

7enirVineVinisteVinoVinimos


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Vinisteis

9acerGiceGicisteGi6oGicimosGicisteisGicieron

@aberQ to no a act

Not used in conversationn spoen @panis0 it is used

to meanWto 0ave ound out....X


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@upe@upiste@upo@upimos@upisteissupieron

noing is a process

@aber- n order to sa/ t0at/ou Wne....somet0ingX /oumust use t0 eimperecttense orm o t0e verb

@ab;a


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@ab;as@ab;a

@ab;amos@ab;aissab;an

Oo no sab;a la respuesta.

>uerer - to ant

Oou can not use t0e preperite orm o t0everb >?E+E+ since YantingY impliesan on goingsense o desire......

n conversational @panis0 /ou must uset0e mperect orm o t0e con)ugation toindicate Wanting...or antedX

Preterite orm o t0e verb :;E)E)

>uise>uisiste


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>uiso>uisimos>uisisteis

>usieron

n spoen @panis0 t0is means to ha&erefused0en t0e ord >H comesbeore eac0 con)ugate.

Oo no


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No uer;a>uer;as>uer;a>uer;amos

>uer;ais>uer;an

Oo


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,ormir

'orm;

'ormiste

'urmi#

'ormimos

'ormisteis

'urmieron

PE'+

Ped;

Pediste

Pidi#

Pedimos

Pedisteis

Pidieron


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(t0er e to i stem-c0anging verbs.....

@ervir reir pedir dormir sonrei.........

5ase V

-5ar


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Tocar

To


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/on0t oret

G(ME (?+NA"@% current lesson in

9>!E 5>;)*"?.@@@

!onda+=Arida+ @@@


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)E7IEB 9E 7E). I* 9E 7E)

P"CE@

TA+EA


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)ealidades 3

El 1


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spanish iii lesson el 18 de diciembre 2014

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