#42 Revista de Ingeniera. Universidad de los Andes. Bogot D.C., Colombia. rev.ing. ISSN. 0121-4993. Enero - Junio de 2015, pp. 23-29.

23SECCIN TCNICA

&)'6LPXODWLRQRIDQ$QDHURELF0HPEUDQH%LR5HDFWRU$Q0%5WR7UHDW,QGXVWULDO:DVWHZDWHU6LPXODFLQHQ&)'GHXQ%LR5HDFWRUGH0HPEUDQD$QDHUELFRSDUDWUDWDPLHQWRGHDJXDVUHVLGXDOHVLQGXVWULDOHVLaura C. Zuluaga (1), Luz N. Naranjo (2), Jan Svojitka (3), Thomas Wintgens (4), Manuel Rodriguez (5), Nicolas Ratkovich (6)

%6 LQ&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG8QGHUJUDGXDWH6WXGHQW LQ(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI/RV$QGHV'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ3URGXFWDQG3URFHVV'HVLJQ*URXS*'33'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ&HQWHUIRU5HVHDUFKLQ(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ&,,$%RJRWD&RORPELDOF]XOXDJD#XQLDQGHVHGXFR

%6 LQ&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG8QGHUJUDGXDWH6WXGHQW LQ(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI/RV$QGHV'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ3URGXFWDQG3URFHVV'HVLJQ*URXS*'33'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ&HQWHUIRU5HVHDUFKLQ(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ&,,$%RJRWD&RORPELDOQQDUDQMR#XQLDQGHVHGXFR

3K' ,QVWLWXWH IRU(FRSUHQHXUVKLS8QLYHUVLW\RI$SSOLHG6FLHQFHV DQG$UWV1RUWKZHVWHUQ6ZLW]HUODQG0XWWHQ]6ZLW]HUODQG MDQVYRMLWND#IKQZFK

3K'3URIHVVRU,QVWLWXWHIRU(FRSUHQHXUVKLS8QLYHUVLW\RI$SSOLHG6FLHQFHVDQG$UWV1RUWKZHVWHUQ6ZLW]HUODQG0XWWHQ]6ZLW]HU-ODQGWKRPDVZLQWJHQV#IKQZFK

3K'06F$VVRFLDWHG3URIHVVRU8QLYHUVLW\RI/RV$QGHV'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ&HQWHUIRU5HVHDUFKLQ(QYL-URQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ&,,$%RJRWD&RORPELDPDQXHOU#XQLDQGHVHGXFR

3K'06F$VVLVWDQW3URIHVVRU8QLYHUVLW\RI/RV$QGHV'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ3URGXFWDQG3URFHVV'HVLJQ*URXS*'33%RJRWD&RORPELDQULRV#XQLDQGHVHGXFR

5HFHLYHG1RYHPEHUWK0RGLHG-XQHWK$SSURYHG-XQHWK

'2,KWWSG[GRLRUJULXDYL

Key words

$QDHURELF&)'KHDWWUDQVIHU0%5766FRQFHQWUDWLRQ

Abstract

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

Palabras clave

$QDHUELFR&)'FRQFHQWUDFLQGHVOLGRVVXVSHQGLGRVWRWDOHV0%5WUDQVIHUHQFLDGHFDORU

Resumen

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

1. INTRODUCTION

'XH WR WKH LQFUHDVLQJ SROOXWLRQ DQG VFDUFLW\ RI ZDWHU UH-VRXUFHVZDWHU WUHDWPHQW LV H[WUHPHO\ LPSRUWDQWQRZDGD\V6HYHUDOZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWPHWKRGVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHG

HVSHFLDOO\WRVDWLVI\QHZORFDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOODZVWKDWDLPWRLPSURYHZDWHUTXDOLW\0HPEUDQH%LR5HDFWRUV0%5DUHDPRQJWKHPRVWHIIHFWLYHZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWPHWKRGV/H-PRVHWDO)RU ODUJHVFDOH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQDFFXUDWH

SECCIN TCNICA /DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO SS/DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO/ Revista de IngenieraSS

RSHUDWLRQDODVVHVVPHQWPXVWEHFRQGXFWHGWRUHGXFHHFRQR-PLFH[SHQVHVJLYHQWKDWWKLVSURFHVVLVRQHRIWKHPRVWH[-SHQVLYHGXHWRWKHOWUDWLRQVHFWLRQPHPEUDQH7KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\LVWRSHUIRUPD&)'VLPXODWLRQRIDODEVFDOH0%5ORFDWHGLQD::73LQ%DVHO6ZLW]HUODQGDQGDQDO\]HLWVSHU-IRUPDQFHDQGSRVVLEOHPRGLFDWLRQVQHHGHGIRUODUJHVFDOHDSSOLFDWLRQ,WKDVEHHQQRWHGWKDWWKHUHLVQRVLJQLFDQWVWDWHRIWKHDUWUHJDUGLQJ$Q0%5&)'VLPXODWLRQVDQGDVVXFKWKHSURMHFWLVEHLQJEDVHGRQSUHYLRXVUHVHDUFKRQDQDHURELFGLJHVWHUV0%5VDUHSULPDULO\XVHGWRWUHDWLQGXVWULDODQGPXQLFLSDO

ZDVWHZDWHU7KHV\VWHPFRQVLVWVRIDELRUHDFWRUDQGDPHP-EUDQHSURFHVV7KLVSURFHVVKDVEHFRPHDYHU\XVHIXOZDWHUWUHDWPHQWPHWKRGDQGPRUHLPSRUWDQWO\DIXWXUHGHYHORS-PHQWSURVSHFWIRUWKUHHUHDVRQVLLQFUHDVLQJOHJLVODWLYHUH-TXLUHPHQWV UHJDUGLQJZDWHUTXDOLW\ LLGHFUHDVLQJSURFHVVFRVWVDQGLQFUHDVLQJIXQGLQJDQGLQFHQWLYHVDQGLLLLQFUHDV-LQJFRQGHQFHLQWKLVWHFKQRORJ\-XGG7KH0%5RSHUDWLRQFRQVLVWVRIWZRSURFHVVHVELRORJLFDO

DQGOWUDWLRQ7KHUVWLVJLYHQE\WKHELRUHDFWRUZKLFKDF-WLYDWHVWKHVOXGJHXVLQJPLFURRUJDQLVPV7KHVHFRQGRFFXUVGXHWRWKHPHPEUDQHZKLFKVHSDUDWHVWKHVROLGVIURPWKHOLT-XLGVWUHDPGHSHQGLQJRQWKHPHPEUDQHVSRUHVL]HXOWUDO-WUDWLRQRUPLFUROWUDWLRQ,QWKLVFDVHERWKSURFHVVHVKDSSHQVLPXOWDQHRXVO\DOORZLQJVXFFHVVIXOVHSDUDWLRQDQGH[FHOOHQWZDWHUTXDOLW\-XGG7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOSDUDPHWHUVWKDWLQXHQFHWKHRYHUDOOSHU-

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

DUHDSSOLHG)RUVLGHVWUHDP0%5WKHPHPEUDQHDQGUHDF-WRUDUHQRWLQWKHVDPHWDQNWXUEXOHQFHLVSURYRNHGE\FURVVRZYHORFLW\ZKHUHDVIRULPPHUVHG0%5ERWKPHPEUDQHDQGUHDFWRUDUHLQWKHVDPHWDQNLWLVSURPRWHGE\LQFUHDVLQJPHPEUDQHDHUDWLRQ-XGG,QDGGLWLRQWKHUHDUHWZRRSHUDWLRQDOFRQGLWLRQVIRU0%5

DHURELFDQGDQDHURELF7KLVVWXG\IRFXVHVRQWKHODWWHU$Q-DHURELFV\VWHPVDUHXVHGWRSURFHVVIRRGDJULFXOWXUHDQGDQL-PDOZDVWHZKHUHPHWKDQRJHQLFEDFWHULDGHFRPSRVHWKHRU-JDQLFZDVWHSURGXFLQJPHWKDQH:X,QWKLVZD\WKHDQDHURELFSURFHVVJHQHUDWHVDQHQHUJ\VRXUFHUHGXFHVRIIHQ-VLYHRGRUVJUHHQKRXVHJDVHPLVVLRQVDQGVROLGZDVWH:X%LEHDX*HEUHPHGKLP0RUHRYHUVRPHVWXGLHVHV-WDEOLVKWKDW$Q0%5FDQJHQHUDWHDQHQHUJ\VXUSOXVRIDERXWZKLFKFDQEHXVHG IRUGLVLQIHFWLRQRI WKHVOXGJHDQG

WKHUPDO GU\LQJ PDNLQJ WKLV DQ H[FHOOHQW RSWLRQ IRU ZDWHUWUHDWPHQW/HPRV6HUWULR6LOYD3HUHLUD$Q0%5SHUIRUPDQFHGHSHQGVSULPDULO\RQS+WHPSHUD-

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

GHYHORSPHQWRIQHZWHFKQLTXHVWRGHFUHDVH$Q0%5ORZHI-FLHQF\GUDZEDFNVLQWHUPVRILQFRPSOHWHPL[LQWKHUHDF-WRUDQGQRKRPRJHQHLW\RIXLG$OVRSRVVLEOHGDPDJHFDQEHSUHYHQWHGLQWKHPHPEUDQHE\DQDO\]LQJSHDNVLQVKHDUVWUHVVGXHWRIRXOLQJDQGDUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ766FRQFHQ-WUDWLRQLQWKHLQOHWDQGVKHDUVWUHVV

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Process description

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

2.2 State-of-the-art of CFD modeling of AnMBR and anaerobic digesters

&)' FDQ EH XVHG IRU PRGHOLQJ GLIIHUHQW SURFHVVHV DQGVWXG\LQJ WKH EHKDYLRU RI XLGV XQGHU GLIIHUHQW VFHQDULRV:KHQ0%5VDUHVWXGLHGVXEPRGHOVWKDWFDOFXODWHWUDQVSRUWRI VOXGJH DQGPHPEUDQH OWUDWLRQ JHQHUDWHPRUH DFFXUDWHUHVXOWV %OD]HN&DOFXODWLRQRIGLIIHUHQWSKHQRPHQDPDVVHQHUJ\PRPHQWXPUHVXOWVLQDVHULHVRISDUWLDOGLI-IHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQV3'(ZKLFKDUHVLPSOLHGWRDOJHEUDLFHTXDWLRQV1XPHULFDOPRGHOVDUHEDVHGRQSK\VLFDOSKHQRP-HQDWXUEXOHQFHPXOWLSKDVHDQGPRYLQJPHVKWKDWRFFXULQWKHV\VWHP7KHFXUUHQWSULQFLSDOPRGHOVXVHGLQ$Q0%5DUHVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH

25/DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO/ Revista de IngenieraSS

2.3 CFD procedure

&RQVLGHULQJ WKH SUHVHQFH RI 1DYLHU 6WRNHV HTXDWLRQV WKDWJXLGHWKHXLGEHKDYLRUDQGWKHGLIFXOW\LQQGLQJVROXWLRQVIRUSDUWLDOGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQVZHXVHGWKH67$5&&0nVRIWZDUH ZKLFK HPSOR\V WKH QLWH GLIIHUHQFH QXPHULFDOPHWKRG GLVFUHWL]DWLRQ RI GRPDLQ DQG WLPH WR QG DQ DS-SUR[LPDWHVROXWLRQ7KHPHWKRGFRQVLVWVLQGLYLGLQJWKHGR-PDLQ LQWR FRQWUROYROXPHVDQGDSSUR[LPDWH HTXDWLRQV WR DVHWRIDOJHEUDLFH[SUHVVLRQVWKURXJKGLVFUHWL]DWLRQLQRUGHUWRLWHUDWLYHO\QGDVROXWLRQ

Table 1. WDZ&Source: K

Membrane module

Model Study Turbulence model Z

Z Single phase Shear stress over the membrane surface

dW's:& Mixture W

velocity^^d W

SECCIN TCNICA /DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO SS/DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO/ Revista de IngenieraSS

VXIFLHQWO\UHQHGPHVKGLGQRWQHHGYDULDWLRQV7KHFRPSXWDWLRQDOORDGZDVORZREWDLQLQJDERXWFHOOVIRUWKHUHDFWRUDQGFHOOVIRUWKHPHP-EUDQH&RQYHUJHQFH FULWHULDZHUH GHWHUPLQHG WR QRWH[FHHG IRU FRQWLQXLW\ PDVV PRPHQWXP DQGHQHUJ\

'HQHSURSHUWLHV$VWKHSURFHVVDFWXDOO\ZRUNVLQDVWDWLRQDU\VWDWHDQGRQO\OLTXLGVZDWHUDQGDFWLYDWHGVOXGJH DUH VLPXODWHG VWHDG\VWDWH DQG LQFRPSUHVV-LEOHZHUHVHOHFWHG

Activate the multiphase model:DPRQRSKDVHPRGHOZDVLPSOHPHQWHG$QDO\]LQJWKHSDUWLFOHVGLVSHUVLRQLVQRWDSULPDU\REMHFWLYHRIWKLVVWXG\WKXVRQO\OLT-XLGZDVVLPXODWHG$QRQ1HZWRQLDQDSSUR[LPDWLRQZDVXVHGIRU WKH766FRQFHQWUDWLRQ ,Q WKLVVWXG\DVHJUHJDWH RZZDV LPSOHPHQWHG LQGLFDWLQJ WKDW WKHHTXDWLRQV DUH VROYHG VHSDUDWHO\ IRU HDFK FRPSRQHQWRI YHORFLW\ DQG SUHVVXUHZLWK D FRQYHFWLRQ VFKHPHRI VHFRQG RUGHU XSZLQG WKDW RIIHUV PRUH DFFXUDF\FRPSDUHGWRUVWRUGHUXSZLQG7KLVVFKHPHZDVDOVRXVHGIRUWKHVHJUHJDWHXLGWHPSHUDWXUHDQG667NPRGHOV

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

'HQH WKH RSHUDWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV )RU WKH ELRUHDFWRUIRXUFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI766ZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDQGJ/DQGIRXUVXUURXQGLQJWHPSHUDWXUHVDQGp&DVLQ6ZLW]HUODQGVVHDVRQV$Wp&KHDWWUDQVIHULVQHJOHFWHGDFRQVWDQWWHPSHUDWXUHLQ-VLGH WKH UHDFWRU LVPDLQWDLQHGDWp&7KXVD WRWDORIFDVHVZHUHDQDO\]HGIRUWKHELRUHDFWRU)RUWKHPHPEUDQHWKUHHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI766ZHUHVWXGLHGDQGJ/DQGQRKHDWWUDQVIHUZDVFRQVLGHUHG

EHFDXVHWKHUHDFWRURXWRZZDVDWp&DQGWKHUHZDVQRVXEVWDQWLDOKHDWORVVLQWRWKHVXUURXQGLQJV

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

Initialize the solution. Display the solution and plotting residuals during the

process of calculation.

3. RESULTS

3.1. Bioreactor

'XHWRWKHVLPSOLFDWLRQRIDPRQRSKDVHRZVLPXODWLRQWKHUHDFWRUOLTXLGOHYHOLVFRQVLGHUHGIXOO,QWKHODEVFDOHLWRQO\FRUUHVSRQGVWRDSSUR[LPDWHO\WKUHHTXDUWHUVRIWKHWDQNKHLJKW9HORFLW\SURYLGHVDQLQLWLDOLQGLFDWLRQRIWKHPL[LQJLQWKHUHDFWRUDQGLWDOORZVWKHLGHQWLFDWLRQRIGHDG]RQHVWKDQNVWRWKHXFWXDWLRQVLQYHORFLW\ZKLFKZDVWKHSULPD-U\ JRDO RI WKLV VWXG\)LJXUH LOOXVWUDWHV WKH UHVXOWV RI WKHVLPXODWLRQVIRUGLIIHUHQWYDOXHVRI766DWp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p&GDWDQRWVKRZQ)RUDEHWWHUDQDO\VLVWKHDYHUDJHSURSHUWLHVDUHHYDOXDWHGGDWDQRWVKRZQHYLGHQFLQJDVLPLODUEHKDYLRUGHSHQGLQJRQWKH766FRQFHQWUDWLRQDQGQRWRQWKHVXUURXQGLQJWHPSHUDWXUH7KHDYHUDJHYDOXHVRIWKHSURSHUWLHVDUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH

DYHUDJHYHORFLW\DYHUDJHWHPSHUDWXUHDQGWKHDSSDUHQWYLV-FRVLW\FRUUHVSRQGWRWKHDYHUDJHYDOXHRIWKHYROXPHLQVLGHWKHUHDFWRUDQGWKHRXWSXWYHORFLW\LVWKHYDOXHRIDQDYHUDJHDUHDFDOFXODWHGLQWKHWDQJHQWLDOSODQHRIWKHUHDFWRURXWOHW

/DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO/ Revista de IngenieraSS

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

WKH UHDFWRU DW p& ORVHV DOPRVW DOO LWV HQHUJ\ WR WKH VXU-URXQGLQJV 7KDW LV ZK\ DQ LQVXODWLQJ MDFNHW PD\ LPSURYH

Figure 2. sd^^>>>>sd^^>>>>

Source: &^dZD

Table 2. Z&Source:ZD

Surrounding Temp.

(C)TSS (g/L)

Average velocity

Output velocity

Average

temperature (C)

W

10 0 0.000810 10 10 10 25 0 0.000825 25 10 25 0.2221 0 0.0008 10 0.2058

HQHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQ OHYHOV 0RUHRYHU WKH RXWRZ RI WKHUHDFWRU LV DWp&DQG LWGRHVQRW ORVHPXFKHQHUJ\ WR WKHVXUURXQGLQJV ZKLOH LW SDVVHV WKURXJK ERWK PHPEUDQHV ,QWKLVZD\WKHUHDFWRUPDLQWDLQVLWVWHPSHUDWXUHDURXQGp&VKRZLQJDVOLJKWWHPSHUDWXUHSUROHZKHUHWKHDYHUDJHYRO-XPHWHPSHUDWXUHLVMXVWEHORZp&7DEOH7KXVUDWKHUWKDQDWKHUPDOMDFNHWZHUHFRPPHQGWKHXVHRIDQLQVXODWLQJMDFNHWWRNHHSWKHUHDFWRUDGLDEDWLFZLWKWKHVXUURXQGLQJVDQGWKHUHIRUHGHFUHDVHWKHSURFHVVRIHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ3.2 Membrane

7KHYHORFLW\DQGVKHDUVWUHVVSUROHVGLGQRWVKRZDVLJQL-FDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ YDU\LQJ 766 FRQFHQWUDWLRQ WKXV RQO\UHVXOWVDWJ/DUHVKRZQ7KHKLJKHUVKHDUVWUHVVRFFXUVDWWKHEHJLQQLQJDQGDWWKHHQGRIWKHPHPEUDQHGXHWRWKH

L YiYLYiiLLi YiiiYii

SECCIN TCNICA28 /DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO SS/DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO/ Revista de IngenieraSS

t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

LQJRIWKHVHSURSHUWLHVGHSHQGLQJRQ766FRQFHQWUDWLRQVHH7DEOH$FFRUGLQJ WR7DEOHZHFDQHVWDEOLVK WKDW WKHUH

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

Figure 3. Dd^^>d^^>TSS 10 g/L.

Source: Figure ^dZD

d^^>

^W

^W

12 10 15 15

Table 3. Z&Source: Z^dZD

L

Li Lii

29/DXUD&=XOXDJDHWDO/ Revista de IngenieraSS

3. CONCLUSIONS

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p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

REFERENCES

%OD]HN-&RPSXWDWLRQDOXLGG\QDPLFVSULQFLSOHVand applications*UHDW%ULWDLQ(OVHYLHU/WG

&UDLJ .- 01 1LHXZGW /- 1LHPDQG &)'VLPXODWLRQ RI DQDHURELF GLJHVWHU ZLWK YDULDEOH VHZDJHVOXGJH UKHRORJ\ Water Research, 47 GRLMZDWUHV

-HLVRQ ' Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: feasibility and potential applica-

tions. 3K'WKHVLV:DJHQLQJHQ8QLYHUVLW\1HWKHUODQGV-XGG6(GThe MBR Book.*UHDW%ULWDLQ(OVHYLHU

/WG/DWKD6%RUPDQ'6OHLJK3$CFD multiphase

modeling for evaluation of gas mixing in an anaerobic

digester.,Q$TXDHQYLUR77HG8163(&,),('WK(XURSHDQ%LRVROLGV DQG2UJDQLF5HVRXUFHV&RQIHUHQFHDQG([KLELWLRQ WK1RYHPEHU7KH5R\DO$U-PRXULHV/HHGV8.

/HPRV&KHUQLFKDUG$6HUWULR3*6LOYD/&3HUHL-UD$$QDHURELFGRPHVWLFZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWLQ%UD]LOGUDZEDFNVDGYDQFHVDQGSHUVSHFWLYHVWater 21

1DHVVHQV:0DHUH75DWNRYLFK19HGDQWDP61R-SHQV , &ULWLFDO UHYLHZRIPHPEUDQHELRUHDFWRUPRGHOV 3DUW +\GURG\QDPLF DQG LQWHJUDWH PRGHOVBioresource Technology, 1222FWREHU GRLMELRUWHFK

3ULHVNH+'UHZV$.UDXPH03UHGLFWLRQRIWKHFLUFXODWLRQYHORFLW\LQDPHPEUDQHELRUHDFWRUDesali-nation, 231GRLMGHVDO

5RVHQEHUJHU 6 .XELQ . .UDXPH 0 5KHRORJ\RIDFWLYDWHG VOXGJH LQPHPEUDQHELRUHDFWRUVEngineering in Life Sciences, 2 GRL $,'(/6&!&29

7HUDVKLPD0*RHO5.RPDWVX.