revelacion de dios al pueblo de israel -1

5/9/2018 Revelacion de Dios Al Pueblo de Israel -1 - slidepdf.com

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\xh hq cl ~hwhclajñk

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hc cjn~e `h Ih~hdälq axlkè aedvl~l cl ~hclajñk `h @jeq aek cl ~hclajñk `hc hqveqe nxhke z ldlkph z qx hqveql jkgjhc# ce whdeq hk hc alväpxce p~hq># axlkè blncl `hl|xhccl hqveql jkgjhc |xh bl lnlkèklè l qx aedvlüh~e `h pe`l cl wj`l vl~l j~qh p~lqep~eq bedn~h# z @jeq qh aedvl~l aek l|xhc hqveqe ldlkph z vh~èklè~= qx vxhncece bl lnlkèklè # vhalnlk z v~hwl~jalnl xkl z ep~l why# vh~e @jeq qjhdv~h aek lde~ jnl hk nxqal `h qx vxhnce# ve~ hqe qh aedvl~lk aek hc hqveqe axlkè `jah .ze qezwxhqp~e hqveqe. z ceq ccldl l |xh qh aekwjh~plk `h qxq ~hnhcjekhq z |xh qj qh wxhcwhk lêc# chq wl l vh~èkl~ pe`lq qxq dlc`l`hq+

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< Lpclq Bjqpñ~jae _hqpdjkqph~ h cl Njncjl# Vìo+#>1> 19: L`xcph~je "e v~eqpjpxajñk* aek vjh`~l z dl`h~l + Cl v~eqpjpxajñk aek vjh`~l z dl`h~l qh ~hgjh~h lcl`xcph~je hqvj~jpxlc `h qhoxj~ l clq jdìohkhq `h Lqh~l "ceq ì~nechq qlo~lèq# hq `haj~ cl dl`h~l* z l ceq Nllchq"vjh`~l*+Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc Dxkè

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Z aek cl ~hclajñk hkp~h ldjoeq# hqpì cl whdeq ~hgchil`l hk hc cjn~e `h Jqlälq hk qxalväpxce 0< axlkè dhkajekl . Jq~lhc+++ `hqahk`hkajl `h Ln~lbld dj ldjoe.+ Hqpl~hwhclajñk dxhqp~l xkl ~hclajñk v~egxk`l `h @jeq lah~aìkèqh vh~qeklcdhkph lc

bedn~h @jeq ln~jñ qx dhkph# @jeq ch blnce lc bedn~h# axlkè L`ìk hqplnl hk hcvl~läqe# hc khahqjplnl hqaxabl~ l @jeq# ke h~l qxgjajhkph aek wh~ clq en~lq |xh @jeqblnäl bhabe# hc aldjklnl z hqaxablnlk cl vlcln~l `h @jeq# vh~e êqpl lxpe ~hwhclajñkke h~l qecldhkph aedxkjal~ jkge~dlajñk lah~al `h @jeq djqde qjke |xh @jeq pldnjêkblaäl aeqlq vl~l hcceq# hqplq lapjpx`hq `h @jeq ke qñce h~lk en~lq qjke vlcln~lq pldnjêk`h ~hwhclajñk# hqph @jeq jkdhkqldhkph jkgjkjpe ch `l l aekeah~ qxq vhkqldjhkpeq lcbedn~h gjkjpe+ Ve~ hqe axlkè L`ìk vhañ vh~`jñ cl alvlaj`l` `h ~haekeah~ cl wey `h@jeq# vh~e hqph djqde @jeq |xh |xjh~h ~hwhcl~qh lqjdjqde l hqph bedn~h vhalè~#hkaxhkp~lk cl dlkh~l `h aedxkjal~qh aek hc bedn~h# ch ~haxvh~l cl blnjcj`l` `h~haekeah~ cl vlcln~l `h @jeq z vl~l |xê ch qj~wh êqpl lc bedn~h# hqpl aekgjlkyl |xh hcbedn~h wxhcwh l phkh~ hq ce |xh clq hqa~jpx~lq dhkajeklk aek hc pê~djke `h . gh.+

Hk peè hqph v~eahqe qh ve`~äl `haj~ |xh @jeq l`lvpl qx ~hwhclajñk l cl qjpxlajñk `hcbedn~h# vl~l ve`h~ cchol~ l êc+Hqph hq xk @jeq |xh qh ~hwhcl lc bedn~h l p~lwêq `h clq ~hclajekhq bxdlklq dìqv~hajl`lq vl~l êc# aede qek cl ~hclajñk hkp~h ceq hqveqeq# clq ~hclajekhq aek ceq bjieq zclq ~hclajekhq aek ceq ldjoeq# hk êqpl lxpe ~hwhclajñk ke dxhqp~l añde hq qxklpx~lchyl+

Aede qh `je hqph v~eahqe

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djqde dedhkpe hk |xh @jeq bjye lc bedn~h l qx jdlohk z qhdhilkyl#0

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e~jojklc+ Njhk# lbe~l hc v~eahqe `h cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq ~h|xh~äl |xh êc gxh~l pech~lkph aek hcvxhnce bhn~he# `h deè |xh qh hrv~hqlnl l hcceq aek chkoxlih z dhpìge~lq |xh chq0Cl g~lqh l kxhqp~l jdlohk# hq `jgäajc `h `hph~djkl~+ Hk ohkh~lc ceq aedhkplè~hq aejkaj`hk hk lgj~dl~ |xh hc

bedn~h ~hajnh ajh~plq axlcj`l`hq |xh ch `jgh~hkajlk `h ceq lkjdlchq+ Xkeq blahk aejkaj`j~ hqplq axlcj`l`hq hk

qx ve`h~ vl~l èdjkl~ceq# ep~eq hk qx klpx~lchyl hqvj~jpxlc ve~ cl axlc vxh`h aekeah~ z blah~ cl wecxkpl` `h

@jeq z pedl~ `hajqjekhq de~lchq e pldnjêk hk hc beke~ `h qh~ hc ~hv~hqhkplkph `h @jeq hk cl pjh~~l+

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gxh~lk gldjcjl~hq+ Ve~ hqe ke hq `h hrp~lül~ |xh hcceq blzlk lèvplè dxabeq `h ceqhchdhkpeq aedxkhq `h cl axcpx~l `h qx pjhdve# lxk|xh ceq qxahqeq bxnjhqhk eax~~jèhk êvealq `jgh~hkphq# vh~e gxh~ek xqlèq vl~l cchwl~ l alne ceq v~evñqjpeq `h @jeq+Vl~l hkphk`h~ cl axcpx~l bhn~hl blz |xh hqpl~ gldjcjl~jylè aek hccl# qj p~lpldeq `h

hkphk`h~ ve~ hihdvce cl aj~axkajqjñk z cl jdve~plkajl |xh pjhkh vl~l hc vxhnce `hJq~lhc# blz |xh hkphk`h~ cl dlkh~l hk |xh qh v~lapjalnl hk hc ah~alke e~jhkph+Clq qjdjcjpx`hq |xh hrjqpälk hkp~h hc vxhnce bhn~he z qxq whajkeq keq lzx`l l alvpl~ hcgxk`ldhkpe aedùk |xh qh phkäl hkp~h hcceq+

Hk cl aeqdewjqjñk `h ceq vlp~jl~alq ke hrjqph dxabl `jgh~hkajl aek cl axcpx~l blnjpxlc`hc ah~alke e~jhkph `h l|xhccl êveal# ve~ hqe hq jdve~plkph `l~keq axhkpl `h añdeg~haxhkphdhkph @jeq xqlnl ce |xh h~l gldjcjl~ l qx vxhnce vl~l hqplnchah~ xk vxhkphblqpl hcceq# hqpe `h kjkoxkl dlkh~l qxojh~h |xh hc hkaekp~l~ qjdjcjpx`hq hkp~h ceqvxhnceq `hc ah~alke e~jhkph keq jk`j|xh |xh clq hkqhülkylq `l`lq ve~ @jeq l ceqbhn~heq blzlk qjè laede`l`lq `h laxh~è l clq hkqhülkylq `h ceq vxhnceq whajkeq l

Jq~lhc# ve~ hc aekp~l~je keq lzx`l l hkphk`h~ añde qh ~hclajekñ qx @jeq aek qx ohkph hkxkl axcpx~l z xk aekphrpe bjqpñ~jae hqvhaägjaeq+

–Cl cjph~lpx~l djpecñojal `hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph hq hc dlph~jlc dìq ùpjc vl~lhqpx`jl~ hc p~lqgekè z aedv~hk`h~ cl axcpx~l bhn~hl+ Plkpe cl djpeceoäl hkDhqevepldjl aede cl `h Hojvpe lve~plk xkl ~j|xhyl `h dlph~jlchq ~hclajeklèq aekclq vh~qvhapjwlq aekphdve~ìkhlq `h cl a~hlajñk `hc dxkè `h ceq qh~hq bxdlkeq+ Hqplqen~lq jkacxzhk cl Hkxdl Hcjqb z cl Êvjal Lp~lmlqjq# lqä aede xkl alkpj`l` `h djpeq `hcl ~hojñk `h Dhqevepldjl+ @h Hojvpe qh pjhkhk p~hq phrpeq v~jkajvlchq qen~h cla~hlajñk# xke `h Dhkgjq# ep~e `h Bhcjevecjq "hk ceq phrpeq `h clq vj~ìdj`hq* z ep~e `hBh~devecjq# "hk ceq phrpeq `h ceq ql~añgloeq*+ L`hdìq blz wl~jlq bjqpe~jlq `hc `jcxwje

hk Dhqevepldjl# |xh qh hkaxhkp~lk hk cl hvevhzl `h Ojcoldhqb z hk cl êvjalLp~lmlqjq+ Hc hrldhk `h hqpl cjph~lpx~l keq lzx`l l enqh~wl~ dxablq qjdjcjpx`hq z`jgh~hkajlq hkp~h ceq aekahvpeq `hc ah~alke e~jhkph z ceq `h Jq~lhc+Hc cjn~e `hc Êreè aekpjhkh dxabeq pjveq `h cjph~lpx~l# `hq`h cl kl~~lpjwl blqpl clchojqclajñk z clq jkqp~xaajekhq l~|xjphapñkjalq+ Peèq hqpìk bìnjcdhkph hkp~hclylèqaede vl~l kl~~l~ cl qhaxhkajl `h ceq bhabeq |xh cchwl~ek l xk vxhnce `hq`h hcqhkpjdjhkpe `h |xh @jeq ceq blnäl lnlkèklè blqpl aekqj`h~l~qh l qä djqdeq aede hcvxhnce hchojè `h @jeq# aek qx v~hqhkajl hk dh`je `h hcceq+ Ceq vlqlihq cholchq `hÊreè qek aedvl~lnchq aek xkl ldvcjl oldl `h aechaajekhq `h chzhq `hDhqevepldjl+ Jkacxzhk ceq phrpeq cholchq `h ceq qxdh~jeq aede cl ~hge~dl `hX~xjkjdojkl "e X~xmlojkl*# clq chzhq `h X~$Klddx z clq `h Cjvjp$Jqbpl~ + Qek phrpeq

g~lodhkpl~jeq |xh `lplk `hc gjk `hc ph~ah~ djchkje z v~jkajvje `hc qhoxkè l+ A+ ceq dìqhrphkqeq qek clq chzhq `h Hqkxkl e `h Blddx~lnj+ Hqplq aechaajekhq `h chzhq# aedeqh jk`jal hk ceq vì~~lgeq |xh cl ~e`hlk# pjhkhk ve~ gjk phqpjgjal~ l ceq `jeqhq qen~h hcêrjpe |xh bl phkjè hc ~hz vl~l hqplnchah~ z dlkphkh~ cl ixqpjajl hk qx ~hjke+ Aedeplchq# clq chzhq hqpìk `hqpjkl`lq l ~hgchil~ clq `hajqjekhq dìq qlnjlq z l`haxl`lq |xh hc~hz ve`äl jdlojkl~+

8



Hqplq chzhq keq lzx`lk l wh~ |xh cl chojqclajñk ~hlc |xh `hph~djkñ hc de`hce `h clqeajh`l` bhn~hl# ke h~l dxz `jgh~hkph `h clq |xh al~laph~jyl~ek cl qeajh`l` lqj~jl e

nlnjcñkjal + Cl `jgh~hkajl hqplnl hk |xh# vl~l ceq bhn~heq# cl chz h~l vl~ph `h cl~hwhclajñk `h @jeq `h añde hq Hc+ Cl v~ebjnjajñk `hc lqhqjklpe hkp~h ceq nlnjcekjeq h~l

plk gxh~ph aede hkp~h ceq bhn~heq+ Vh~e hcceq qh ~hg~hklnlk `h aedhph~ce ve~|xh h~lxkl jkph~~xvajñk `hc e~`hkldjhkpe `h cl qeajh`l` z `h ceq v~jkajvjeq ajwjcjylèq+ Ceqbhn~heq ke aedhpälk lqhqjklpeq ve~|xh phkälk hk axhkpl |xjêk hq @jeq+ Clq chzhqve`älk vl~hah~ clq djqdlq vh~e hc gxk`ldhkpe `hc qjqphdl cholc h~l kepe~jldhkph`jqpjkpe+ Vl~l ceq jq~lhcjplq qx @jeq Zlbwê h~l cl gxhkph `h pe`lq clq chzhq z hcgxk`ldhkpe `h clq ke~dlq qeajlchq+

Cl chz `l`l hk hc Qjklä ke khahql~jldhkph v~hqa~jnh chzhq kxhwlq+ Hk ~hlcj l`# qxchojqclajñk vxh`h qh~ vl~haj l l clq chzhq |xh phkälk ceq bhn~heq axlkè wjwälk hkHojvpe z hq acl~ldhkph qjdjcl~ l clq chzhq |xh oenh~klnlk ep~lq qeajh`l`hq `hc lkpjoxeah~alke e~jhkph+ Ce kxhwe h~l cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq |xh hq axdvcj`l ve~ dh`je `h cl

jkqpjpxajeklcjylajñk `h cl chz aede vl~ph `hc vlape hkp~h @jeq h Jq~lhc+—8

Hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe keq dxhqp~l |xh cl hrjqphkajl `h cl bjqpe~jl `h Jq~lhc aedeklajñk z qx ~hcjojñk# gxh~ek hc ~hqxcplè `h cl ~hwhclajñk `jwjkl+

@jeq qh ~hwhcñ lc vxhnce bhn~he hk xk vlape aek Ln~lbld# aede qx @jeq z l qx why qhaedv~edhpjñ l aekpjkxl~ hqph vlape aek cl qjdjhkph `h Ln~lbld# peè hqph vlape hq~hclplè hk cl Njncjl hk hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe hk hc cjn~e `h Oêkhqjq alvjpxce <?+ Lqäkeq hkaekp~ldeq aek xkl qhülc dxz vl~pjaxcl~ `h qx vlape= cl aj~axkajqjñk# aede qhülc`h vlape+Hqph vlape hq dhkajeklè hk peè hc alvjpxce vh~e `h ge~dl hqvhajlc# lqä `jah hk hc 9

wh~+ > .Z vek`~ê dj vlape hkp~h dä z pj# z ph dxcpjvcjal~ê hk o~lk dlkh~l+.

wh~+0 – Bh l|xä dj vlape hq aekpjoe# z qh~ìq vl`~h `h dxabh xdn~h `h ohkphq+. 7

8 Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke# Vìoq+:$<>

7



@jeq ceq blnäl qlalè `h cl alxpjwj`l` z ceq jkp~e`xie hk cl pjh~~l v~edhpj`l z blnälbhabe `h hcceq xkl klajñk vl~l |xh ch qj~wjh~l+ Hc chq `je qx . chz. pe~l .jkqp~xaajñk.# zchq hkqhüñ añde lè~l~ch+ L p~lwêq `h qx bjqpe~jl @jeq chwlkpñ qxahqjwldhkph vh~qeklqvl~l |xh dlkjghqpl~lk .cl vlcln~l hc Qhüe~ . +

Hk dedhkpeq jdve~plkphq z p~lqahk`hkphq qjhdv~h Hc `hdeqp~ñ qx qenh~lkäl zèdjkje `h clq aj~axkqplkajlq lc ceo~l~ lkpjajvl~qh l ceq hwhkpeq |xh hqpìk v~ñrjdeq leax~~j~ch l qx vxhnce# xk hihdvce dxz acl~e `h hqpe ce phkhdeq hk hc cjn~e `h Jqlälq"0291$?*.1 Ce |xh vlqñ# zl lkphq ce `jih# z `h dj neal qlcjñ= ce vxncj|xh# ce bjah v~ekpe# z gxh ~hlcj`l`+8 ph ce `jih zl blah pjhdve= lkphq |xh qxah`jh~l ph ce l`wh~pä# vl~l |xh ke `jih~lq9 Dj äèce ce bjye# djq

jdìohkhq `h hqaxcpx~l z `h gxk`jajñk dlk`l~ek hqplq aeqlq+? Lbe~l blk qjè a~hl`lq# ke hk `älq vlqlèq# kj lkphq `h hqph `äl clq blnälq eäè# vl~l |xh ke `jolq9 Bh

l|xä |xh ze ce qlnäl+ * ?

Jq~lhc qh hqpxwe dxz aekqajhkph `h qx vl~pjaxcl~ ~hclajñk aek @jeq "qlcde <0?9<:#>6*+

<: .Bl dlkjghqplè qxq vlcln~lq l Ilaen# qxq hqplpxpeq z qxq ixjajeq l Jq~lhc+>6 – Ke bl bhabe lqä aek kjkoxkl ep~l `h clq klajekhq= z hk axlkpe qxq ixjajeq# ke ceq aekeajh~ek+.

Vl~l hc vxhnce bhn~he cl ~hcjojñk |xh hcceq ~haekeaälk aede wh~`l`h~l h~l hcaekeajdjhkpe `h Zlbhb# z `lnlk ve~ ajh~pe hc lxpe `hqaxn~jdjhkpe `h Zlbhb hk hcvlape# vl~l hcceq ceq `hdìq vxhnceq h~lk aekqj`h~lèq aede ohkpjchq |xh ke h~lk vl~ph`hc vlape z |xh blnälk aläè hk cl jèclp~äl+ @h l|xä |xh hqpl ~hcjojñk ~hwhcl`l `h ceqbhn~heq `hiñ hk hwj`hkajl |xh clq ep~lq ~hcjojekhq blnälk aedhpjè nclqghdjl lkph qx@jeq+ Ve~ hqe axlkè @jeq qh ~hwhcl lqjdjqde l clq ep~lq klajekhq# aek clq axlchq kehkp~ñ hk vlape ce blah l dlkh~l `h ixjaje qen~h hcclq ve~ qxq vhalèq+ Hihdvce `h hqpece phkhdeq hk9 "Hr+ ?98= Hy+ >89<<# <?= >29>>$>0*

7 Ke blz vl~lchceq hk hc dxkè lkpjoxe `h vlapeq hkp~h cl `hj`l` z xk de~plc# lxk|xh ajh~pldhkph qh qlnäl

|xh ceq `jeqhq blaälk `hdlk`lq z v~edhpälk xk p~lpe glwe~lnch+ Hk cl dlze~äl `h ceq alqeq# ceq ~hzhqjkge~dlnlk `h qx axj`lè `h ceq qlkpxl~jeq `hc `jeq z hkpekahq `haälk aede cl `hj`l` ~hqvek`äl aeknhk`jajekhq+ Vh~e hqpe hqplnl dxz chieq `h xkl ~hclajñk `h vlape jkjajl`l ve~ cl `hj`l` vl~l axdvcj~ qxqv~evjeq v~evñqjpeq+Cl aj~axkajqjñk h~l v~lapjal`l ldvcjldhkph hk hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph aede ~jpe `h vxnh~pl`# gh~pjcj`l` e

dlp~jdekje+ Lxk|xh ceq jq~lhcjplq ke h~lk hc ùkjae vxhnce |xh aj~axkaj`lnlk qxq bjieq# hqpl qhülc h~l xql`lvl~l dl~al~ceq aede djhdn~e `h cl aedxkj`l` `hc vlape+ Axlkè qh xqlnl hk ~hclajñk aek hc dlp~jdekje# clph~djkeceoäl qxojh~h |xh h~l ~hlcjylè ve~ hc kxhwe vl~jhkph vecäpjae dlqaxcjke# jk`jalkè |xh hc kewje h~lvxhqpe nlie cl v~ephaajñk `h qx gldjcjl hk hqpl kxhwl ~hclajñk+ Axlkè qh ~hlcjylnl hk ceq jkglkphq# h~l dìq xk~jpxlc vl~l `hil~ xkl dl~al |xh lcoe |xh qh blajl ve~ depjweq bjojêkjaeq+ Hc bhabe `h |xh qh `h~~ldl~ì qlko~hpldnjêk qjokjgjal |xh êqph h~l xk ~jpxlc `h qla~jgjaje z ve`äl qxqpjpxj~ hc qla~jgjaje bxdlke# |xh h~l v~lapjalè

ve~ ep~eq vxhnceq+ \xh qh hqvh~l~l blqpl |xh hc eaplwe `äl vl~l ~hlcjyl~ hqph ~jpxlc vxh`h ~hgchil~ cl lcpl plql `hde~plcj`l` jkglkpjc z hc `hqhe `h `hph~djkl~ qj hc kjüe qen~hwjwj~äl+ Ceq bhpheq pldnjêk phkälk xk ~jpxlc hcqêvpjde `äl `h cl wj`l `hc ~hajêk klajèq+ Cl aj~axkajqjñk vxh`h qh~ wjqpl aede xke `h ceq dxabeq alqeq hk|xh @jeq p~lkqge~dñ xkl v~ìapjal blnjpxlc hk xk v~evñqjpe kxhwe vl~l ~hwhcl~qh z ~hclajekl~qh aek qx vxhnce+

Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke# Vìo+# 06+

? Cl Njncjl# ^hjkl Wlch~l <:76# h jpe~jlc Qeajh`l`hq Näncjalq# Vìo+ 808

?



Hr+ ?98 . Z qln~ìk ceq hojvajeq |xh ze qez Ihbewì# axlk e hrpjhk`l dj dlke qen~h Hojvpe# z ql|xh l ceqbjieq `h Jq~lhc `h hk dh`je `h hcceq+.

Hy+>89 << .Pldnjêk hk Deln bl~ê ixjajeq# z qln~ìk |xh ze qez Ihbewì+.<? .z bl~ê hk hcceq o~lk`hq whkolkylq aek ~hv~hkqjekhq `h j`l= z qln~ìk |xh ze qez Ihbewì#

axlkè blolk dj whkolkyl hk hcceq+.

Hy+ >29 >> .z `j~ìq9 lqä bl `jabe Ihbewì hc Qhüe~9 bh l|xä ze hqpez aekp~l pj# Eb Qjñk# z hk dh`je `h pj qh~êoce~jgjalè= z qln~ìk |xh ze qez Ihbewì# axlkè blol hk hccl ixjajeq# z hk hccl dh qlkpjgj|xh+.>1+ Hkwjl~ê l hccl vhqpjchkajl z qlko~h hk qxq alcchq# aek hqvl`l aekp~l hccl ve~ peèq clèq= z qln~ìk |xh zeqez Ihbewì+

>0+ Z kxkal dìq qh~ì cl alql `h Jq~lhc hqvjkl `hqol~~lè~l# kj loxjiñk |xh ch `h èce~# hk dh`je `h axlkpeqcl ~e`hlk z cl dhkeqv~hajlk= z qln~ìk |xh ze qez Ihbewì+.

Cl ~hwhclajñk `hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe# dxhqp~l |xh hq xkl ~hwhclajñk |xh v~hvl~l vl~llcoe dìq o~lk`h# |xh ke hqpì `hc peè aedvchpl+

Ceq v~eghplq dj~lnlk qjhdv~h blajl l`hclkph z hqvh~lnlk hc dedhkpe hk |xh @jeq qh~hwhcl~äl lqjdjqde ve~ en~lq dìq ve`h~eqlq# Hc chwlkpl~äl lc Dhqälq# ~hxkj~äl l qx

vxhnce `jqo~holè z hqplnchah~äl qx ~hjke hkp~h hcceq+ Hq lqä aede chq wl ~hwhclkè |xhhc ajhce z cl pjh~~l qh~älk kxhweq "Jqlälq 789<?$>8* z aede pe`lq clq klajekhq~haekeah~älk cl oce~jl `h @jeq hk Jq~lhc+ Hq lqä aede qh ajh~~l hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpeaek xkl kepl `h hqvh~lkyl ~hae~`ìkèchq qx vlape l ceq |xh phdhk qx kedn~h+"Dlcl |xälq 0*+

Vl~l ceq jq~lhcjplq @jeq h~l xkl ~hlcj`l` vh~qeklc wjwjhkph # hcceq ke h~lk gjcñqegeq+Ke vhkqlnlk lah~al `h qx @jeq = qh hkaekp~lnlk qjdvchdhkph aek êc# blah |xh ce |xhhcceq aekeaälk `h qx @jeq h~l cl ~hqxcplkph `h qx bjqpe~jl aepj`jlkl z ce |xh l hcceq ve~ lqä `haj~ce ceq glwe~hajñ gxh qx hchaajñk# ve~|xh aekpjkxldhkph qh ~hgh~älk l qä djqdeqaede hc vxhnce hqaeojè= hcceq aede bedn~hq g~hkph l @jeq qh whälk . aede a~jlpx~l

`h @jeq. hq hc qjokjgjalè |xh phkäl vl~l hcceq hc qh~ bxdlke# hcceq phkälk aekajhkajl`h |xh phkälk xk vhalè |xh ce qhvl~lnl `h @jeq z |xh ve~ dìq qla~jgjajeq |xhbjajh~lk ke ve`älk |xjpl~ qx axcvl# veae l veae aedv~hk`jh~ek |xh @jeq hk dh`je `hhcceq ceq hqplnl ~h`jdjhkè# |xh pxwjh~ek hqvh~lkyl hk xk gxpx~e lc a~hh~ hk clqenh~lkäl lnqecxpl `h @jeq+ Vl~l hqpx`jl~ cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq lc vxhnce bhn~he blz|xh phkh~ v~hqhkph |xh hqpldeq enqh~wlkè xkl gh |xh wjwäl+

Cl ge~dl aede ceq bhn~heq hkphk`jh~ek cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq z aede qh hkphk`jh~eklqjdjqde aede vxhnce gxh l p~lwêq `h qx gh# Jq~lhc pxwe xk aekahvpe `jgh~hkph `h ceq`hdìq vxhnceq hk axlkpe lc laekphah~ bjqpñ~jae+ Hcce ke whälk qx bjqpe~jl aede xklqxahqjñk `h ajaceq |xh qh ~hvhpälk jk`hgjkj`ldhkph qj ke aede xk aekpjkxl~ `h cl wj`l

|xh v~eo~hqlnl hk hc pjhdve z hk hc ahkp~e `h qx bjqpe~jl vxqe l qx @jeq `h cl lcjlkyl+

Aede aedv~hk`älk cl ~hwhclajñk

2



Ceq hqa~jpe~hq `hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# xpjcjylnlk p~hq pê~djkeq vl~l v~hqhkpl~ ce |xhhcceq hkphk`älk aede cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq# al`l pê~djke ~halcalnl xkl laajñk# hqpe qh`lnl ve~|xh hcceq qjhdv~h hqplnlk jkph~hqlèq hk ce |xh @jeq blaäl z blnäl bhabe zhqplnl blajhkè kxhwe # dìq |xh hk j`hlq gjceqñgjalq lah~al `h @jeq+ Cl aedv~hk`älk l

p~lwêq `h9<+ ^hwhclajñk hk qä djqdl

Ceq bhn~heq lahvplnlk cl ge~dl hk |xh @jeq qh ~hwhclnl e `hqaxn~äl qxq v~evñqjpeq ll|xhcceq |xh @jeq blnäl hqaeojè vl~l |xh p~lkqdjpjh~lk ce |xh êc phkäl vl~l ~hwhcl~chq+Hq lqä aede whdeq hk "Ld+ 19?#2*+

.Ve~|xh ke bl~ì kl`l Ihbewì hc Qhüe~# qjk |xh ~hwhch qx qha~hpe l qxq qjh~weq ceq v~eghplq+ Qj hc chñk ~xohµ|xjhk ke phdh~ì5+Qj blncl Ihbewì hc Qhüe~#µ |xjhk ke v~eghpjyl~ì5—

Hc wealnce |xh l|xä qh p~l`xah aede . qha~hpe. hk ~hlcj`l` qh ~hgjh~h l qx .vclk. e qx

.v~evñqjpe.+ Lc ~haekeah~ cl wh~`l` `h |xh @jeq bl `h jkge~dl~ l qxq v~eghplq ce |xh êcvjhkql blah~# Ldeq# lape qhoxjè# lül`jñ |xh vxhqpe |xh blnäl ~hajnjè cl ~hwhclajñk`h @jeq# `hnäl v~eacldl~cl+ Ke ch |xh`lnl ep~l lcph~klpjwl+ Axlkè @jeq ~hwhcl qxqvclkhq# hq aek hc gjk `h |xh qh aedvl~plk+ Hqpl hq qx djqdl klpx~lchyl+2

Hqpl djqdl lahvajñk hq xpjcjyl`l l p~lwêq h peè hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# hq lqä aedephkhdeq lcoxkeq hihdvceq hk9

Ih~hdälq "11+ 7*+++ .z chq ~hwhcl~ê lnxk`lkajl `h vly z `h wh~`l`+.Hk @lkjhc ">9 <:# >>#>2* . hkpekahq hc qha~hpe gxh ~hwhclè l @lkjhc hk wjqjñk `h keabh# ve~ ce axlc nhk`jie@lkjhc lc @jeq `hc ajhce— :

Hk Jqlälq ">>9 <0* .Hqpe gxh ~hwhclè l djq eäèq `h vl~ph `h Ihbewì `h ceq hiê~ajpeq+++.

Ceq v~eghplq `hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# qjhdv~h hqpxwjh~ek qhox~eq `h |xh @jeq ~hwhclnlqxq v~evñqjpeq l p~lwêq `h hcceq# vl~l |xh hcceq ch p~lkqdjpjh~lk l qx vxhnce+ Hcgxk`ldhkpe `h hqpe ce dlkjghqpñ Dejqêq ixqpe lkphq `h de~j~= hc `jie . Clq aeqlqqha~hplq vh~phkhahk l Ihbewì kxhqp~e @jeq= dlq clq ~hwhcl`lq qek vl~l keqep~eq z vl~lkxhqp~eq bjieq vl~l qjhdv~h# vl~l |xh axdvcldeq pe`lq clq vlcln~lq `h hqpl chz+."@p+ >:9>:*+

Hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe ke `hil cxol~ l `x`lq# hrvekh acl~ldhkph |xh @jeq qh ~hwhcl lqx vxhnce z ke ce `hih joke~lkph ~hqvhape `h qxq v~evñqjpeq+ L `jgh~hkajl `h ceqvxhnceq |xh ~e`hlnlk l ceq bhn~heq# |xh`lnl dxz acl~e |xh @jeq ke h~l qece vl~l

xkeq hqaeojèq `hc vxhnce bhn~he# |xh hql ~hwhclajñk h~l vl~l peèq ve~ joxlc+Ep~l dlkh~l hk |xh hcceq aekeaälk `h cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq h~l9

2 ênh~p C+ Alph# Pheceoäl hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# Alql Nlxpjqpl h Vxncjalajekhq# Vìo+ >7: @jeq `h ceq ajhceq+ Hqpl h~l xkl `hqjoklajñk aedùk vl~l cl `hj`l` hk hc qjoce WJ + Hk èaxdhkpeq vh~qlq#Lbx~l $Dly`l# cl hj`l` v~jkajvlc hc ye~elqp~jqde xqlnl hc pê~djke hk ge~dl ae~~jhkph+ Ceq jq~lhcjplq cepedl~ek pldnjêk aede xkl hqjoklajñk |xh ve`älk lvcjal~ l qx @jeq Zlbwê+

Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke# Vìo+ 21>

:



>+ L p~lwêq `hc aekeajdjhkpe h @jeq+

Vl~l hc bedn~h `hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe hc aekeajdjhkpe `h @jeq h~l lcoe |xh hcceq

lv~hk`älk l p~lwêq `h xkl hrvh~jhkajl vh~qeklc# e qhl aede hcceq hrvh~jdhkplnlkvh~qeklcdhkph l @jeq# axlkè lv~hk`älk v~e`xape `h cl hrvh~jhkajl hq vl~ph `h ce |xhqh |xjh~h `haj~ ve~ ~hwhclajñk+Hqpe qh vxh`h enqh~wl~ hk hc v~eghpl h Eqhlq axlkè jie9

.Dj vxhnce gxh `hqp~xjè# ve~|xh ch glcpñ aekeajdjhkpe+ Ve~ axlkpe `hqhablqph hc aekeajdjhkpe# ze ph habl~ê`hc qlah~èaje= z ve~|xh ecwj`lqph cl chz `h px @jeq# pldnjêk zl dh ecwj`l~ê pxq bjieq+."Eq+097*

Hc v~eghpl lkqjlnl z hqvh~lnl |xh hc vxhnce `h @jeq wjwjh~l hk# ve~ z aek xkl ~hclajñk|xh hrvh~jdhkpl~l l qx @jeq z axlkè hqpe glcplnl qjokjgjalnl |xh @jeq ke qh chq hqplnl~hwhclkè# vl~l hc v~eghpl Eqhlq cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq h~l axlkè wjwälk hk ~hclajñkaek êc+ Cl j`hl h~l |xh hc vxhnce hrvh~jdhkpl~l vh~qeklcdhkph l @jeq+

Hk hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe ve`hdeq hkaekp~l~ dxabeq dedhkpeq hk ceq |xh hc bedn~hhrvh~jdhkpñ vh~qeklcdhkph l @jeq # qxajkpldhkph wh~hdeq lcoxkeq hihdvceq 9 xklhrvh~jhkajl `h aekeah~ l @jeq cl whdeq ~hgchil`l axlkè @jeq ch blncl l qx vxhnce zchq `jah . Hqpl` |xjhpeq # z aekeah` |xh ze qez @jeq. "Qlc+079<6* l|xä pldnjêk chq hqpì blnclkèke qñce `h cl |xjhpx` gäqjal qjke hql |xjhpx` |xh aekcchwl l cl ~hgchrjñk lc ljqcl~qh vl~ldh`jpl~ z vl~l vhkql~ hk @jeq hc hqpl~ l qeclq aek êc vl~l aekeah~ch dlq# hchrvh~jdhkpl~ hql ~hclajñk vh~qeklc aek Hc+Ep~l hrvh~jhkajl `h aekeah~ l @jeq cl whdeq ~hgchil`l hk Ih~hdälq .Z chq `l~ê ae~lyñk

vl~l |xh dh aekeyalk |xh ze qez Ihbewì.+ "Ih~+>09?*

Hk Eqhlq `jah 9 .Z aekeah~hdeq z v~eqhoxj~hdeq hk aekeah~ l Ihbewì. "Eq+791*

Hqpeq qek xkeq hihdvceq vl~l wh~ añde veae l veae hc vxhnce bhn~he gxh aekeajhkè lqx @jeq+

1+ Hc phde~ `h @jeq z cl chz aede ~hwhclajñk+

Cl hrv~hqjñk .hc phde~ `hc Qhüe~. ke~dlcdhkph qh wh aede phde~# ph~~e~# ~hwh~hkajl#hqvlkpe# djhè e phdnce~+

Vl~l hc vxhnce `h Jq~lhc laeqpxdn~lè l aldjkl~ aek qx @jeq `äl l `äl blnäl`hql~~ecclè ep~e qhkpjè `hc phde~# hqph phkäl ep~l aekkeplajñk+

Lqä hc qlcdjqpl `jah# ve~ hihdvce9.Cl chz `hc Ihbewì hq vh~ghapl# |xh aekwjh~ph hc lcdl= <6 Hc phqpjdekje `h Ihbewì hq gjhc# |xh blah qlnje lc

qhkajcce+ Ceq dlk`ldjhkpeq `h Ihbewì qek ~hapeq# |xh lcho~lk hc ae~lyñk= Hc v~hahvpe `h Ihbewì hq vx~e#

<6 Cl chz z hc qec+ Hk hc dxkè lkpjoxe hc `jeq Qec ve~ ce ohkh~lc h~l hc `jeq `h cl ixqpjajl+ Ve~ ce plkpe# vl~l hcqlcdjqpl h~l klpx~lc vlql~ `h cl ~hclajñk `h Zlbwê aek hc Qec l cl v~ewjqjñk `h ixqpjajl `h Zlbwê dh`jlkph cl chz+Dxablq `h clq jdìohkhq xpjcjyl`lq vl~l `hqa~jnj~ cl chz pldnjêk vxh`hk blccl~qh hk ~hclajñk aek ceq `jeqhq qec`hc dxkè lkpjoxe+

<6



|xh lcxdn~l ceq eieq<<+ Hc phde~ `h Ihbewì hq cjdvje# |xh vh~dlkhah vl~l qjhdv~h= ceq ixjajeq `h Ihbewì qekwh~`l`# peèq ixqpeq. "Qlc+<:9?$:*+

Hqph hq xk acl~e hihdvce `h añde hc vehpl bhn~ljae ch `lnl xk qjokjgjalè `jgh~hkph lcphde~ l Ihbewì# ch `lk ep~e qjokjgjalè ve~ hc hqpjce xpjcjylè# xk jkp~äkqjae qhkpjè `h

de~lcj`l` lp~lwêq `h cl chz aede ~hwhclajñk+ Ep~e hihdvce `h hqpe ce phkhdeq hk hccjn~e `h Qlcdeq9

. Whkj`# bjieq# eä`dh= Hc phde~ `h Ihbewì eq hkqhül~ê+ µ\xjêk hq hc bedn~h |xh `hqhl wj`l# |xh `hqhldxabeq `älq vl~l wh~ hc njhk5 oxl~`l px chkoxl `hc dlc# z pxq clnjeq `h blncl~ hkolüe+ Lvì~plph `hc dlc# zbly hc njhk= nxqal cl vly# z qäoxhcl. "Qlc+109 <<$<0*+

Hqph hq xk phde~ nlqlè dìq njhk hk v~hahvpeq de~lchq `h nxhkl aekwjwhkajl+

Ep~e hihdvce ce phkhdeq axlkè Ln~lbld hrvcjañ qx ~lyñk lc blnh~ j`hkpjgjalè lQl~l aede qx bh~dlkl z ke aede qx hqveql# hc `jie9 .ve~|xh `jih vl~l dä9 ajh~pldhkph ke blz

phde~ `h @jeq hk hqph cxol~# z dh dlpl~ìk ve~ alxql `h dj dxih~. "Ok+ >69<<*+ <> Hc phdjñ ve~ qx wj`lve~|xh `h`xie |xh hqh vxhnce hrp~lkih~e ke aekeaäl cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq# hcceq ke

aldjklnlk aek qx @jeq ve~ ce plkpe ke phkälk qx djqdl de~lc+

Axlkè Dejqêq nliñ `hc dekph Qjklä ch hkp~hoñ e chq deqp~ñ l hcceq clq plnclq `h cl chzz chq `jie9 .+++ z vl~l |xh qx phde~ hqpê `hclkph `h weqep~eq# vl~l |xh ke vh|xêjq+. "Hr+>69>6*+ Hqph hqxk acl~e hihdvce `h añde Dejqêq lqjdjce – hc phde~ `h Ihbewì— l cl chz hqa~jpl# lqähcceq j`hkpjgjal~älk hc phde~ `h Ihbewì aek xk dlk`ldjhkpe+

Ep~e hihdvce `h lqjdjclajñk `h cl chz lc phde~ `h Ihbewì .Z vek`~ê dj phde~ hk hc ae~lyñk

`h hcceq# vl~l |xh ke qh lvl~phk `h dj+."Ih~+ 1>906*

Hk hc cjn~e `h V~ewh~njeq# hc phde~ lqeajlè l cl qlnj`x~äl9.Hc v~jkajvje `h cl qlnj`x~äl hq hc phde~ `h Ihbewì.+ "V~ew+<9?*+

Hk hc cjn~e `h Qlcdeq 9.Hc phde~ `h Ihbewì hq cjdvje# |xh vh~dlkhah vl~l qjhdv~h. "Qlc+ <:9:*

Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke# Vìoq+ 828

<< Lcxdn~l~ ceq eieq+ Cl chz `h ceq eieq qh ~hgjh~h l cl wj`l z ve~ ce plkpe# hk xk qhkpjè# hq `l`l l peèq"V~ew+>:9<1*+ Qjk hdnl~oe# cl chz vxh`h v~ecekol~ cl wj`l l ceq |xh qjoxhk qxq dlk`lpeq+ Axlkè cl cxy`hqlvl~hah hk ceq eieq# cl dxh~ph hqpì ah~alkl+ "<191=129<6*+Jnä`+# Vìoq+ 828$827

<> ^hclajñk `h Ln~lbld z Ql~l+ Hk hqpl ~hvhpjajñk `hc phdl `h cl hqveql$bh~dlkl# Ln~lbìk ~hwhcl |xh Ql~lhq ~hlcdhkph qx dh`jl bh~dlkl+ Ke blnäl xk plnù aekp~l hc jkahqpe hk hqeq dlp~jdekjeq hk hc vh~jeèlkahqp~lc z h~l xkl ge~dl `h lqhox~l~ |xh clq dxih~hq `h xk qhoxkè dlp~jdekje gxh~lk axj`l`lq ve~ xkgldjcjl~+ Hc hkolüe `h Ln~lbld l Lnjdhcha h~l lo~lwlè ve~ cl `jqveqjajñk `h Ql~l vl~l ~hvhpj~ hqpl dh`jlwh~`l`+Jnä`+## Vìo+ 01

<<



Hqpl j`hl `hc phde~ `h @jeq# dhyaclè aek qx chz# qh ~hvjph xkl z ep~l why blajêkèqhplk ahkp~lc hqph pê~djke# |xh ce hkaekp~ldeq hk qlcdeq# v~ewh~njeq# hc .phde~ `hIhbewì. hq h|xjwlchkph l cl ~hwhclajñk aek cl lxpe~j`l` |xh @jeq |xjqe l p~lwêq `h qx

chz hqa~jpl# ve~ ce djqde qh hkpjhk`h plc aede `jah hc qlcdjqpl |xh hqph phde~ vxh`h qh~ z dh~hah qh~ hkqhülè# "Qlc+10*# |xh hqph phde~ `hnh qh~ enh`hajè "Ien+79<0* z |xh hqcl nlqh gxk`ldhkplc `h pe`l qlnj`x~äl "Ien+>29>2*+

Hqpeq p~hq aekahvpeq dhkajeklèq lkph~je~dhkph keq lzx`lk l aekeah~ xk veae dìq`h cl lxpe ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq+ Hqpl qjhdv~h hq jkjajl`l ve~ @jeq+ Hq Hc |xjhk qh ~hwhcllc bedn~h z qjhdv~h hqpì nlql`l hk xkl hrvh~jhkajl hkp~h @jeq z qx vxhnce+

Ceq Dh`jeq xpjcjylèq vl~l hqpl ~hwhclajñk

Hc vxhnce `hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe qjhdv~h a~hzñ |xh @jeq qh chq ~hwhclnl `h wl~jlqge~dlq hkp~h hqplq phkhdeq9

<+ Hk cl klpx~lchyl+

Hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# v~hqhkpl lc bedn~h aede cl axcdjklajñk `hc v~eahqe a~hlè~ `h pe`lq clq aeqlq "Ok+ <9>7#>?=>9?* vh~e lc djqde pjhdve# z ve~ hc bhabe djqde `h qxa~hlajñk ve~ @jeq# aede `hvhk`jhkph `h hc+ Cl v~hal~jh`l` `h cl aek`jajñk bxdlkl hkkjkoùk cjn~e `h cl Njncjl hqpì plk acl~ldhkph hrv~hql`l aede hk hc `h Ien9 .Qj êc vxqjhqh

qen~h hc bedn~h qx ae~lyñk# Z ~haeojhqh lqä qx hqvä~jpx z qx lcjhkpe# Pe`l al~kh vh~hah~äl ixkpldhkph# Z hcbedn~h wecwh~äl lc vecwe. "109 <0$<8*+

Hcceq hkaekp~l~ek l @jeq aede hc Qhüe~ `h cl klpx~lchyl# ch hkaekp~l~ek axlkè chq`hdeqp~ñ hk hc dedhkpe hk |xh bxälk `h Hojvpe aede êc ve`äl `jwj`j~ clq loxlq `hcdl~# axlkè chq v~ewhzñ hc dlkì z clq aeè~kjahq hk hc `hqjh~pe# pldnjêk axlkè chqv~ewhzñ `h loxl hk hc `hqjh~pe joxlcdhkph+ Alnh lkepl~ |xh pe`lq hqplq qjpxlajekhq keqh `jh~ek hk dedhkpeq ke~dlchq `h qx bjqpe~jl# qj ke hk qjpxlajekhq a~xajlchq hk |xhchq `hdeqp~ñ |xh Hc aede @jeq phkäl aekp~ec z qhüe~äe `h cl klpx~lchyl+

<>



Hk hc cjn~e `h Ien ve`hdeq wh~ hk qx alväpxce 12 <1aede @jeq xpjcjyl pldnjêk clklpx~lchyl vl~l blncl~chq+ Hc pe~nhccjke `hc |xh blnclk l|xä hk hq xk cxol~ xqlè vl~ldxablq pheglkälq "dlkjghqplajekhq `h cl `hj`l`*

Vl~l hcceq qjhdv~h qh chq ~hwhcñ hk qx dxkè# qh ~hwhcñ lqjdjqde hk cl klpx~lchyl+ Lqähc qlcdjqpl alkpñ9 .Ceq ajhceq axhkplk cl oce~jl `h @jeq+ Z hc gj~dldhkpe lkxkajl cl en~l `h qxq dlkeq+

Xk `äl hdjph vlcln~l l ep~e `äl# Z xkl keabh l ep~l keabh `hacl~l qlnj`x~äl+ Ke blz chkoxlih# kj vlcln~lq# kjhq eä`l qx wey+ Ve~ pe`l cl pjh~~l qlcjñ qx wey# z blqpl hc hrp~hde `hc dxkè qxq vlcln~lq. "Qlc+<:9<$0l*j

Hqph cjkè aìkpjae hrv~hqlè hk xk qlcde# hq xk acl~e hihdvce `h añde hcceq whälk |xh@jeq ve`äl aekeah~qh l p~lwêq `hc dxkè `h cl klpx~lchyl# lxk|xh kl`jh blncl~ì z`jih~l kl`l ke jdve~plnl cl klpx~lchyl djqdl v~eacldlnl l @jeq dh`jlkph qxbh~deqx~l z qx e~`hk# ke jdve~plnl hk |xh j`jedlq qh blncl~l# nlqplnl qñce aek dj~l~ cl a~hlajñk z clq vh~qeklq ve`älk qlnh~ lcoe lah~al `h @jeq+ Hqph aekahvpe `h~hwhclajñk l p~lwêq `h cl klpx~lchyl gxh `hql~~ecclè ve~ wl~jeq hqa~jpe~hq `hc lkpjoxephqpldhkpe= lqä phkhdeq |xh wl~jeq `h ceq v~eghplq# hc cjn~e `h V~ewh~njeq# z hc cjn~e `h

Ien hk qxq alväpxceq 12 lc 0< aekp~jnxzh~ek l hqph aekahvpe+

Ve~ dh`je `hc dxkè z qx klpx~lchyl qh aekphdvclnl l @jeq aede a~hlè~#qxqphkplè~ z v~hqh~wlè~+Ep~e vxkpe jdve~plkph |xh ke qh `hnh ecwj`l~ `h añde @jeq pldnjêk qh dlkjghqpñ hkcl klpx~lchyl gxh `hqvxêq `hc `jcxwje axlkè êqph bxne vlqlè z Keê chwlkpñ xk lcpl~ zeg~hajñ xk qla~jgjaje l qx @jeq # `hqvxêq `h |xh êqph ch gxh~l o~lpe l @jeq# hqph ch bjyexkl v~edhql `jwjkl axlkè ch `jie9

.Djhkp~lq cl pjh~~l vh~dlkhyal# ke ahql~ìk cl qhdhkph~l z cl ajhol# hc g~äe z hc alce~# hc wh~lke z hk

jkwjh~ke# z hc `äl z cl keabh+. "Ohk 29>>*+

Hqph hq xk acl~e hihdvce `h añde @jeq v~edhpäl |xh l vhql~ `h cl dlc`l` `hc ae~lyñkbxdlke# Hc qh hqpì ~hwhclkè l p~lwêq `h ceq ajaceq `h cl klpx~lchyl# ~hvjpjhkè qx ajace`h gh~pjcj`l`# `h clq hqplajekhq# `h ceq wjhkpeq+Lqjdjqde pldnjêk ch `hiñ wh~ |xh hc vlape |xh ~hlcjylnl aek ceq bedn~hq l p~lwêq `h

Keê |xh`l~äl qhcclè l p~lwêq `h xkl qhülc hqpl qhülc qh~äl xk l~ae hk clq kxnhq# ep~lge~dl `h ~hwhcl~qh l p~lwêq `h cl klpx~lchyl+

<1 @jeq blncl `hq`h xk pe~nhccjke+ @jeq qh v~hqhkplnl aek g~haxhkajl ve~ dh`je h xkl pe~dhkpl+ Ceq jeqhq`h clq pe~dhkplq hk hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph "Nllc$Bl`lp hk Xol~jp# L`l` hk Dhqevepldjl* pldnjêk qhdlkjghqplnlk `h hqpl dlkh~l+ Qh ~hv~hqhkpl l Zlbwê aede lde `h cl pe~dhkpl z aekp~eclè~ `hc wjhkpe# |xh

vxh`hk p~lh~ plkpl wj`l aede `hqp~xaajñk+ Êqph pjve `h chkoxlih gjox~lè |xh `hdxhqp~l cl dlihqpl` `h @jeqhq xkl al~laph~äqpjal aedùk `h cl vehqäl êvjal `hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph+ Ve~ hihdvce# hk cl hvevhzlxol~jpjal `h Nllc z Lklp qh `hqa~jnh lc `jeq Nllc aede .ijkhph `h clq kxnhq. z qx .wey. hq hc qekjè z cl gx~jl `hceq ph~~hkeq hk ceq ~hcìdvloeq+ Lqjdjqde hk cl bjqpe~jl nlnjcekjal `h cl a~hlajñk# Hkxdl Hcjqb# hc `jeq `h clqpe~dhkplq# Dl~`xa# `h~~epl l cl `jeql v~jdjohkjl `hc aleq laxìpjae# Pjldlp# dh`jlkph qx aekp~ec `h ceqwjhkpeq z qx xqe `h ceq ~hcìdvloeq+

Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke# Vìo+ 872$87:

<1



>+ Hk cl bjqpe~jl+

Hc vxhnce bhn~he# aekahnäl |xh @jeq qh chq ~hwhclnl l p~lwêq `h cl bjqpe~jl ve~ ceqqxahqeq hk ceq axlchq êc jkph~whkäl+

Ve~ ce djqde qh vxh`h dhkajekl~ |xh Jq~lhc pxwe xk aekahvpe `jqpjkpe `h ceq `hdìqvxhnceq hk axlkpe lc laekphah~ bjqpñ~jae+ Ke ce wje aede xkl qxahqjñk `h ajaceq |xh qh~hvjphk jk`hgjkj`ldhkph qjke aede xk aekixkpe `h qxahqeq |xh v~eo~hqlk hk hc pjhdve#z hk hc ahkp~e `h hqpl bjqpe~jl vxqe lc @jeq `h qx lcjlkyl+.Vl~l Jq~lhc cl bjqpe~jl hq cl bjqpe~jl `h cl lcjlkyl aekah`j`l ve~ qx @jeq+ Cl bjqpe~jlxkjwh~qlc hq cl v~hbjqpe~jl `h cl lcjlkyl z aek`xah blajl hccl= lc gjklc cl lcjlkyl djqdlbl `h aejkaj`j~ aek cl bjqpe~jl `hc dxkè+

Peèq ceq laekphajdjhkpeq z vh~jvhajlq `h cl bjqpe~jl qek glqhq `h hql ~hclajñk

`jlceoäqpjal+ Axcvl# alqpjoe# vh~`ñk# gj`hcj`l`# axdvcjdjhkpe# qek clq alphoe~älq `h cljkphcjohkajl näncjal `h cl bjqpe~jl+.<0

Hk cl lkpjoxl O~hajl# ceq gjcñqegeq v~eax~lnlk lv~hk`h~ lah~al `h ceq `jeqhq l p~lwêq`hc vhkqldjhkpe gjceqñgjae+ Ceq bhn~heq lv~hk`jh~ek |xh l @jeq qh ch hkaekp~lnl hk ceqhwhkpeq z qxahqeq `h qx wj`l+

Ce ~hhkaekp~l~ek aede ~h`hkpe~ axlkè ceq cjnh~ñ `h cl hqaclwjpx` hk Hojvpe+Ce aekeajh~ek aede qenh~lke `h bedn~hq z klajekhq axlkè bjye |xh alzh~lk clqdx~lcclq `h Ih~jañ+

Ce aekeajh~ek aede qx oxh~~h~e axlkè ceq cjnh~ñ `h ceq gjcjqpheq# hk dxablqealqjekhq# hk lcoxklq l p~lwêq `h Qlkqñk z hk ep~l dxz jdve~plkph l p~lwêq `h @lwj`+

Ccldl cl lphkajñk pldnjêk aede hk ajh~pe dedhkpe hcceq aekeajh~ek |xh qh jkph~hqlnlhk ep~eq vxhnceq# lc hkwjl~ l Hcälq l Qj~jl z l Iekìq l Käkjwh+Axlkè hkwäl lc v~eghpl Iekìq l Käkjwh vl~l |xh chq `jih~l |xh qh l~~hvjkpjh~lk `h qxdlc`l`# ph~djkl @jeq `jajêkèch l Iekìq9

– µZ ke phk`~ê ze vjh`l` `h Käkjwh# l|xhccl o~lk ajx`l` èk`h blz dìq `h ajhkpe whjkph djc vh~qeklq |xhke qlnhk `jqah~kj~ hkp~h qx dlke `h~habl z qx dlke jy|xjh~`l# z dxabeq lkjdlchq5— "Iek+ 09<<*<8

<0 Lècg @l~clv$ Ie~o Qvchpp# Qla~ldhkpxd Dxk`j # l~p+ .Bjqpe~jl h Bjqpe~jaj l`.+

<8 Venclajñk `h Käkjwh+ Ceq hqpx`jeqeq `h)Lqj~jl blk hqpjdl e |xh cl venclajñk `h)Käkjwh "cl ajx`l` z claldvjül aj~axk`lkphq*# axlkè h~l cl ajx`l` alvjplc# phkäl lv~erjdl`ldhkph 166+666 blnjplkphq# `h dlkh~l|xh ceq <>6+666 qhülclèq l|xä vl~l xk vh~jeè lkph~je~ ke qek xkl ajg~l jdv~enlnch+Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc Dxkè

Bjqvlke# Vìoq+ 22:

<0



Ceq ~hclpeq `h ceq cjn~eq `hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe qh `jgh~hkajlk `h ceq hqa~jpeq `h ceq

ep~eq vxhnceq aekphdve~ìkheq# hk |xh hqpeq p~lplnlk qjhdv~h `h ~hojqp~l~ qxq o~lk`hqceo~eq bh~ejaeq# z pe`lq qxq v~ehylq djhkp~lq |xh ceq hqa~jpeq `hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe#|xh pjhkhk hkp~h qä dxabeq lüeq hkp~h xk hqa~jpe z ep~e# dlkpxwjh~ek qjhdv~h xklxkj`l` hk hc bjce aek`xape~ `h qx bjqpe~jl# qjhdv~h deqp~l~ek hc clè bxdlke `h qxqvh~qeklihq z peè ce |xh hcce aekcchwl# `hnjcj`l`hq# vhalèq# g~lalqeq z |xh hk qxdlh~l hc ~hgchie `hc lapxl~ `h peè xk vxhnce= hk aedvl~lajñk l qxq vxhnceq whajkeq |xhkxkal ~hojqp~lnlk hk cl bjqpe~jl g~lalqeq# z ke h~l ve~|xh lc vxhnce bhn~he qh chlkpeil~l cl j`hl `h |xh hcceq aedv~hk`älk cl bjqpe~jl `jgh~hkph# qjke |xh l vhql~ `hpeèq qxq vhalèq z qx `hqenh`jhkajl phkälk xkl aekajhkajl `jgh~hkph `h @jeq+

Ce jdve~plkph ke h~lk ceq ceo~eq e blylülq bh~ejalq `h ceq bedn~hq# ce jdve~plkph h~lce |xh @jeq blaäl ve~ hcceq+

L @jeq qh ce aekeaäl ve~ ce |xh êc blaäl# ceq bhn~heq lc vl~hah~ ke ~hojqp~lnlk qxbjqpe~jl aede xkl qh~jh `h hwhkpeq |xh qh qxah`älk z |xh l dh`j`l |xh vlqlnlk jnlk|xh`lkè aede hwhkpeq vlqlèq# e pldnjêk aede hwhkpeq aäacjaeq # hcceq bjajh~ek xk~hojqp~e `h qx bjqpe~jl ve~ ce |xh ceq hwhkpeq qjokjgjal~ek vl~l hcceq ke hc hwhkpedjqde+

Hc vxhnce bhn~he vhkqlnl `h dlkh~l dxz qjdjcl~ l ceq ep~eq vxhnceq `h cl lkpjoóh`l`hk axlkpe l qxq a~hhkajlq z qx gh hk ve`h~hq qen~hklpx~lchq# `h cl a~hhkajl hk hqpeqve`h~hq `hvhk`älk qx v~eqvh~j`l` z qx ghcjaj`l` # vh~e ce |xh `jgh~hkajñ lc vxhncebhn~he `h ceq ep~eq h~l cl gh hk qx dekephäqde+

<8



@jeq qjhdv~h h~l hc v~eploekjqpl `h qx bjqpe~jl# ke jdve~pl hc cjn~e |xh qh chl `hclkpjoxe phqpldhkpe# zl qhl v~egêpjae e bjqpñ~jae qjhdv~h qlch l cl cxy ce hrv~hqlè.Ezh# Jq~lhc 9 Ihbewì kxhqp~e @jeq# Ihbewì xke hq. "@p+790*+ <7

1+ Qh ~hwhclnl l p~lwêq `h xk jkpê~v~hph

Axlkè chhdeq hk hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe hk hc cjn~e `h Ih~hdälq 9.Wjke# vxhq# vlcln~l `h Ihbewì l dj# `jajhkè9 lkphq |xh ph ge~dlqh hk hc wjhkp~h ph aekeaä# z lkphq |xhklajhqhq ph qlkpjgj|xh# ph `j ve~ v~eghpl l clq klajekhq+ Z ze `jih9,Lb ¬ ,lb¬ qhüe~ Ihbewì, Bh l|xä# ke qhblncl~# ve~|xh qez kjüe+ Z dh `jie Ihbewì9 ke `jolq9 Qez kjüe= ve~|xh l peè ce |xh ph hkwjê j~ìq pù# z `j~ìq

<7 Alphoe~älq `h dekephäqde+ Qh vxh`hk j`hkpjgjal~ wl~jeq kjwhchq `h dekephäqde |xh blk al~laph~jylè clqa~hhkajlq `h `jwh~qeq jq~lhcjplq hk `jwh~qeq vh~je eq+ Hc dekephäqde `hgjkjpjwe ve`~äl qh~ ccldl edekephäqde gjceqñgjae9 qjhdv~h bl hrjqpjè qñce xk `jeq+ Hc bhkephäqde ~haekeah cl hrjqphkajl `h ep~eq `jeqhqvh~e l dhkxè jkqjqph hk cl qxv~hdlaäl `hc v~evje @jeq+ @hc djqde deè# cl dekeclp~äl `hqa~jnh cl qjpxlajñkhk cl |xh xkl vh~qekl e o~xve bl `haj`jè lè~l~ l xk qece @jeq# lc dl~ohk `h qj hrjqphk ep~eq `jeqhq e ke+

Gjklcdhkph# xk dekephäqde v~ìapjae vxh`h ~haekeah~ xkl alkpj`l` `h `jeqhq# vh~e cl dlze~ vl~ph `h qxlapjwj`l` ~hcjojeql z aùcpjal qh hkgeal l xkl `hj`l` hk vl~pjaxcl~+ Hc dlph~jlc `h @hxph~ekedje ke `hil `hdhke~ cxol~ vl~l hc bhkephäqde e cl dekeclp~äl+Zlbwê hqe xke+ Cl `hacl~lajñk `h |xh xkl `hj`l` hq cl ùkjal# hk ep~eq phrpeq `hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph "#ve~ hihdvce# hk ~hclajñk aek)) Hkcjc ]qxdh~jeT z )Nllc ]alklkheT ohkh~lcdhkph qh ~hclajekl aek clqxv~hdlaäl `h qx èdjkje+ Ep~l veqjnjcj`l` hq |xh cl lgj~dlajñk jkqjqph hk xkl wjqjñk xkjgjal`l `h )Zlbwê +@hc djqde deè |xh xk `jeq v~jkajvlc vxè phkh~ xkl alkpj`l` `h `jgh~hkphq qlkpxl~jeq# al`l qlkpxl~jeccholnl l hkglpjyl~ xkl vh~qvhapjwl `jgh~hkph `hc `jeq+ Hk Dhqevepldjl ve`älk aekqj`h~l~ |xh )Jqpl~ `hL~nhcl h~l dxz `jgh~hkph `h)|xh |xjh~hk Jqpl~ `h X~xm+ @h bhabe# clq jkqa~jvajekhq hk Vlchqpjklhghapjwldhkph jk`jalk |xh hqpe pldnjêk h~l ajh~pe hk Jq~lhc# zl |xh qh blahk ~hgh~hkajlq l Zlbwê hq Qldl~jl zZlbwê h Phdlk+Dekephäqde hk hc lkpjoxe Ah~alke E~jhkph+ Bxne èq dewjdjhkpeq jkph~v~hplèq aede dekephäqplq hk hclkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph hk hc vh~jeè `hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe+ Hc v~jdh~e gxh hc v~e`xajè ve~ hc gl~lñk

hojvaje Lmbhklpñk hk hc vh~jeè whph~ephqpldhkpl~je hk ohkh~lc= hc qhoxkè gxh hc hc ~hz nlnjcekje Klnekjèhk ceq lüeq jkdh`jlpldhkph v~hwjeq l cl alä`l `h Nlnjcekjl lkph hc ~hz vh~ql Aj~e+ Kjkoxke `h hqeqdewjdjhkpeq `x~ñ dìq `h >6 lüeq+ Lmbhklpñk jkphkpñ hqplnchah~ hc axcpe ùkjae lc `jqae qecl~# Lpñk# xk `jeqqjk djpeceoäl# ke ~hp~lplè hk ge~dl bxdlkl h~l xk vxhqpe qjk jdìohkhq z phkäl veal lvcjalajñk vl~l hcphdvce e hc ~jpxlc+ Qh bjajh~ek peèq ceq jkphkpeq veqjnchq vl~l h~~l`jal~ hc axcpe l Ldñk $^h# |xh blnäl qjèv~hwjldhkph cl `hj`l` v~jkajvlc `hc vläq z hc `jqae qecl~ gxh v~eacldlè aede ùkjae @jeq "lxk|xh ke bxnejkphkpeq hwj`hkphq h h~~l`jal~ l dxabeq ep~eq jeqhq*+ Lxk|xh Lmbhklpñk vxh`h blnh~ jkphkplè |xh cchol~ll qh~ xk dekephäqde gjceqñgjae "jkacxqe lcoxkeq blk p~lplè `h j`hkpjgjal~ce aede p~jkjpl~je*# ke vl~hah |xhdxabeq `h qxq qùn`jpeq lèvpl~lk qxq a~hhkajlq+ Klnekjè qh hkal~oñ `h vlp~eajkl~ egjajlcdhkph lc `jeqcxkl~ Qjk ~hqplx~lkè qx phdvce hk Bl~~ìk+ @x~lkph <6 lüeq# vh~dlkhajñ hk Phcdl# hk hc ke~ehqph `h L~lnjl#lvl~hkphdhkph `h jalè l hqplnchah~ hc axcpe l Qjk+ Qjk hdnl~oe# blz veal hwj`hkajl `h |xh l|xhcce gxh bhabeaek cl hracxqjñk `h ep~lq `hj`l`hq+ Lùk |xh glwe~hajñ l Qjk # aekpjkxñ axdvcjhkè aek ceq ~h|xjqjpeq `hv~hqhkajl z èklajekhq hk ep~eq phdvceq+ Qx pjhdve hk Phcdl vxh`h blnh~ qjè hc ~hqxcplè `h xkl ~xvpx~laek ceq ve`h~hq qlah~ eplchq `h Nlnjcekjl# vxh`h blnh~ qjè xkl vecäpjal aedh~ajlc e phkh~ lcoùk ep~e pjve `h

depjwlajñk# vh~e ke blz ~lyekhq vl~l lp~jnxj~ch hc al~ìaph~ `h ~hge~dl dekephäqpl+ Zl qhl |xh hk hql êveal cla~hhkajl hk cl cjqpl qh aclqjgj|xh aede xk dekephäqde e bhkephäqde# blz veae hk ce |xh qh cl vxh`l aedvl~l~aek hc ~hqpe hc dxkè lkpjoxe+

Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke# Vìoq+ <27$<2?+

<7



peè ce |xh ph dlk`h+ Ke phdlk `hclkph `h hcceq# ve~|xh aekpjoe hqpez vl~l cjn~l~ph# `jah Ihbewì+ Z hrphk`jñIhbewì qx dlke z peañ dj neal# z dh `jie Ihbewì9 bh l|xä bh vxhqpe djq vlcln~lq hk px neal. "Ih~+ <9 0$:*<?

Hqph pjve `h g~lqhq dxz xpjcjyl`lq hk hc cjn~e `h Ih~hdälq z hk ep~eq v~eghplq dxhqp~lkaede @jeq chq `haäl |xh bjajh~l clq aeqlq z aede clq `hnälk blah~# deqp~lkè aek hcce

cl o~lk lxpe~j`l` z aekgjlkyl |xh qh `hveqjplnl hk clq vlcln~lq |xh ceq v~eghplqblnclnlk hk hc kedn~h `h @jeq+

Lc vl~hah~ hqpl gñ~dxcl `h .Lqä `jah hc qhüe~. h~l xpjcjyl`l aede xk dhkqlih ~hlc `h xk~hz qenh~lke vl~l qx vxhnce# ve~ aekqjoxjhkph ke qh vekäl hk `x`l hc dhkqlih zqjdvchdhkph qh ch enh`haäl# l|xä keq hqpì deqp~lkè l @jeq aede xk ~hz qenh~lke+Ve~ hqe axlkè ceq v~eghplq blnclnlk hqplnlk `hacl~lkè ceq `ha~hpeq `hc ~hz aek cllxpe~j l` vl~l qxq qùn`jpeq+ Hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe keq dxhqp~l hk dxablq ealqjekhqaede @jeq qh j`hkpjgjal z ~hwhcl qx dhkqlih l vh~qeklq hqvhaägjalq hk xk cxol~ z pjhdvehk hqvhajlc+

Lcoe dxz jdve~plkph |xh blz |xh ~hqlcpl~ hq |xh hk hqpeq hqa~jpeq lqjdjclk cl djqdljdve~plkajl `h cl vlcln~l hqa~jpl l cl vlcln~l blncl`l ve~|xh ceq v~eghplq hqpìkaekwhkajèq `h |xh hc e~johk z lxpe~äl `h qx dhkqlih v~ewhkäl `h @jeq+ Blnäl |xhhqaxabl~ ce |xh @jeq chq hqplnl `jajhkè+

Qh ve`~äl `haj~ |xh ceq v~eghplq h~lk cl neal `h @jeq# z ceq hqa~jpeq `h hcceq# h~lk ceqhqa~jpeq `h @jeq+ Aekpjkxldhkph ceq v~eghplq qjhdv~h `haälk blncl~ hk kedn~h `hcqhüe~# hc v~eghpl blnclnl ve~|xh v~jdh~e @jeq ch blnclnl l êc .wh z `j l hqph vxhnce."Jql+7>9:*= .lk`l z acldl l ceq eäèq `h Ih~xqlcêk# `jajhkè9 lqä `jah Ihbewì. "Ih~+>9>*+Peè hqplnl vchkldhkph aekhaplè hc v~eghpl ~hajnäl z hkp~holnl ce ~hwhclè ve~ @jeq+

<? Hihdvceq hk hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph `h `hj`l`hq |xh aekeahk z hcjohk l vh~qeklq lkphq `h qxklajdjhkpe+ Blz xk vl~lchce hojvaje lc aekahvpe |xh cl `hj`l` aekeah l xkl vh~qekl lkphq `h qx klajdjhkpe+Hc `jeq Ldñk aekeajñ l Vjlkmj "xk dekl~al hojvaje `h cl >8© `jklqpäl hk hc qjoce WJJJ l+ A+* djhkp~lq lùk.hqplnl hk hc wjhkp~h `h qx dl`~h.# z lccä qxve |xh qh~äl hc oenh~klkph `h Hojvpe+ Hk cl hvevhzl `h Ojcoldhqbqh jah |xh hc vlvhc h êqph aede ~hz ch blnäl qjè lqjoklè .axlkè qh ch ae~pñ hc ae~`ñk xdnjcjalc.+V~eghpl l clq klajekhq+ Axlkè qh xql hk vcx~lc# hc pê~djke p~l`xajè .klajekhq. ohkh~lcdhkph qjokjgjalklajekhq hrp~lkih~lq+ @h dlkh~l |xh ke bln~äl cädjphq vl~l hc lcalkah `hc djkjqph~je v~egêpjae `h Ih~hdälq+Qxq dhkqlihq ke h~lk qecldhkph vl~l Ix`ì qjke pldnjêk vl~l clq klajekhq |xh qh~älk vephkajlchq lcjl`lq# z lcdjqde pjhdve vl~l l|xhcclq |xh qh~älk hkhdjolq+Cl dlke qen~h cl neal aede ~jpe vl~l aedjqjekl~ hk hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph+ Ceq ~jpe `h vx~jgjalajñk`h cl neal `h cl ~hlchyl hk Hojvpe# dxhqp~lk cl j`hl `h v~hvl~l~ cl neal vl~l blncl~+ Ceq ~jpe dhqevepìdjae l

dhkxè jkacxzhk cl vx~jgjalajñk h cl @jeq aede xk qädnece h cl vx~jgjalajñk h cl vh~qekl+ Qh ce wh aede xkv~h~~h|xjqjpe# hqvhajlcdhkph vl~l ceq qlah~èphq l`jwjklè~hq# lkphq `h v~hqhkpl~qh lkph hc Aekqhie `jwjkevl~l jkge~dl~ `h ce |xh blk wjqpe+ Hk aekp~lqph Zlbwê vekh vlcln~lq hk cl neal `h qx v~eghpl qjk dh`jl~ xklvx~jgjalajñk ~jpxlc+

Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke# Vìoq+ ?>0$?>8

<?



Xke `h hqpeq o~lk`hq jkpê~v~hphq hq Dejqêq# êc gxh |xjhk hqpxwe v~hqhkph vl~l hkqhül~chlc vxhnce bhn~he |xh axlkè wjh~lk cl aecxdkl `h gxhoe z cl kxnh hqpe h~l jk`jalpjwe`h cl v~hqhkajl `h @jeq# z qj êc ke bxnjh~l hqplè# |xjyìq ke ce bln~älk qlnjè# hqpeqbedn~hq xpjcjylèq ve~ @jeq aede qxq weah~eq qh chq cclde jkjajlcdhkph wj`hkphq#

veqph~je~dhkph v~eghplq# vh~e ceq vxhnceq whajkeq chq ccldlnlk .wj`hkph. `hnjè l |xhhcceq xpjcjylnlk hc e~ìaxce vl~l `hqaxn~j~ cl wecxkpl` `h @jeq# µvh~e |xh h~l xkv~eghpl5 h~l xk wj`hkph# vl~hah qh~ |xh hc pê~djke v~jkajvlc |xh qh xpjcjyñ vl~ldhkajekl~ceq h~l cl vlcln~l v~eghpl |xh qh ~hgh~äl l .xke |xh wh~päl. e qhl hqph bedn~hwh~päl hc dhkqlih `h @jeq+

Lqjdjqde pldnjêk hq jdve~plkph dhkajekl~ |xh ceq v~eghplq `hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpeblaälk xqe `h ceq e~ìaxceq# |xh pldnjêk h~lk xpjcjylèq ve~ ceq vxhnceq whajkeq# h~lkxpjcjylèq hk lcoxklq ealqjekhq vl~l qlnh~ qj @jeq chq `haäl qj `hnälk `h blah~ lcoe eke `hnh~älk `h blah~ce# xk hihdvce acl~e `h hqpe ce phkhdeq hk hc cjn~e `h ixhahqalvjpxcñ qhjq# hk |xh Oh`hñk ch vj`h l @jeq |xh ch blnch l p~lwêq `h xk whccñk+ Hqph hq

xk acl~e hihdvce `h xk e~ìaxce= .Hk xk e~ìaxce qh vclkphl l cl `hj`l` xkl v~hoxkpl `hqj e ke# z qh xql xk dhalkjqde `h lcoxkl aclqh `h klpx~lchyl njkl~jl vl~l |xh cl`hj`l` vxh`l `l~ cl ~hqvxhqpl+ Hk Jq~lhc# hc qlah~èph cchwlnl hc X~jd z hc Pxdjk vl~lxql~ce hk qjpxlajekhq v~egêpjalq# vl~hah qh~ |xh êqpeq zl hqplnlk hk xqe lkphq `h hqlêveal# z h~lk oxl~`lèq hk hc vhape~lc z xqlèq ve~ hc qxde qlah~èph# ke qh hkaxhkp~lxkl `hqa~jvajñk `h hqpeq enihpeq hk hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe# lxk|xh p~l`jajekhqbhchkäqpjal z `h vh~jeèq veqph~je~hq qxojh~hk |xh qh~älk vjhylq `h v~xhnl hk ceq ixhoeq#axzl lvl~jhkajl z v~hqhkplajñk lc qh~ hablèq aede `lèq jk`jal~älk cl wecxkpl` `h@jeq+ Hqpl v~ìapjal `h ceq e~ìaxceq `h vclkphl~ axhqpjekhq ve~ .qj. e ve~ .ke. l ceq`jeqhq h~l aekeaj`l ve~ peè hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph qh blncl `h hcceq hk ceq phrpeqpldjpx nlnjcñkjaeq+

Hk hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph# axlkè |xh~älk xk dhalkjqde klpx~lc vl~l ceqe~ìaxceq# phk`älk l xql~ hc bäolè e hc ~jüñk `h lkjdlchq qla~jgjalèq "xkl v~ìapjall`jwjklpe~jl*+

X~jd hq cl vlcln~l bhn~hl vl~l .cxahq. z# ve~ ce plkpe# qh lqeajl aek clq vjh`~lq n~jcclkphq e nclkalq+ Xk hqpx`je ~hajhkph bl qhülclè |xh cl bhdlpjpl# `hnjè l qx xqevl~l vhqeq z qhcceq# h~l ccldl`l .vjh`~l `h cl wh~`l`. hk qxdh~je+ Cl vlcln~l bhn~hlPbxddjk ve`äl phkh~ xk qjokjgjalè qjdjcl~+. <2

Vh~e ke qecldhkph qh `h`jalnl l p~lkqdjpj~ hc dhkqlih `h @jeq# hc v~eghpl hk peè hclkpjoxe phqpldhkpe qjhdv~h qh ce dxhqp~l aede xk bedn~h hqaeojè ve~ @jeq# h~l xk

bedn~h `h @jeq# z blnclnl hk kedn~h `h @jeq lc vxhnce# z plkpe hc v~eghpl aede hcvxhnce hqplnl dxz aekqajhkph |xh cl gxhkph `hc dhkqlih v~ewhkäl `h @jeq# lqä hcv~eghpl h~l hc jkph~dh`jl~je# hc alklc ve~ dh`je `hc axlc @jeq blnclnl l qx vxhnce# ve~ hqe aede hqpì hqa~jpe hk hc vì~~lge lkph~je~# z |xh h~l dxz al~laph~äqpjae `h hcceq `haj~

<2 Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlcDxkè Bjqvlke Vìoq+ <6: z>?8

<2



lqä .Wjke dj vlcln~l `h Ihbewì.# qh qlnälk z qh aedv~hk`älk l qä djqdeq aede xkalklc `h cl ~hwhclajñk wh~nlc `h @jeq+Vh~e hcceq axdvcälk ep~l gxkajñk pldnjêk dxz jdve~plkph z h~l cl gxkajñk `hjkph~ahqe~hq# qjhdv~h hqplnlk e~lkè ve~ qx vxhnce# nxqalnlk cl djqh~jae~`jl `h @jeq#

ve~ ceq vhalèq z clq eghkqlq |xh hc vxhnce blnäl aedhpjè aekp~l @jeq+.Gxkajñk `hc v~eghpl+ Hqplq vh~qeklq h~lk dìq |xh qjdvchq v~lapjalkphq ~hcjojeqeq+ Qj

njhk lcoxkeq `h hcceq h~lk djhdn~eq `h cl aedxkj`l` qlah~èplc# qh dlkphkälk lcdl~ohk `h cl jkqpjpxajñk+ Qx vlvhc h~l hc `h `hqlgjl~ hc e~`hk qeajlc hqplnchajè#~hae~`l~ l ceq cä`h~hq z hc vxhnce qxq encjolajekhq vl~l aek hc vlape aek Zlbwê zv~hqhkpl~ clq l`wh~phkajlq `hc alqpjoe |xh cchol~äl aek cl wjeclajñk `hc laxh~è `hvlape+ Hc v~eghpl hqplnl jkwhqpjè aek ve`h~hq hqvhajlchq# xk dhkqlih z xkl djqjñk zblnäl xkl aedvxcqjñk hqvhajlc hk hc bhabe `h qh~ ccldlè l qh~ v~eghpl+ Ve`~äl qh~ ~hablyl`l ve~ xk pjhdve "wh~ cl gxol `h Iekìq* vh~e hk ùcpjdl jkqplkajl `hnäl~hqvek`h~+ Vxh`h kepl~qh pldnjêk |xh ceq v~eghplq ve`älk phkh~ `x`lq vl~l hdjpj~

vlcln~lq `x~lq e aek`hklq qen~h qx v~evje vxhnce+ Axlkè hqpe eax~~äl# hc v~eghplhrvh~jdhkplnl xkl aedvxcqjñk vl~l blncl~ |xh ke ve`äl qh~ ~hablyl`l "Ih~+ >69:*+Aede v~hqhkplnlk xk dhkqlih |xh whkäl `h @jeq# qh qhvl~lk l qä djqdeq `h clqvlcln~lq z `h hqh deè ke qh ceq ve`äl laxql~ `h p~l`jajñk# qh`jajñk# e dlc lxox~je+Ve~ hqe# hc dhkqlih h~l ce dìq jdve~plkph `hc v~eghpl z ke hc v~eghpl djqde+Ajh~pldhkph# lcoxkeq v~eghplq aede Nlclld e Hcälq l`|xj~jh~ek ~hvxplajñk vh~qeklc#vh~e hqe qh nlqlnl hk qx dhkqlih gxh qx alvlaj`l` vl~l blncl~ hk kedn~h `h @jeq+Vl~l |xh xk v~eghpl olkl~ì a~h`jnjcj`l` aek hc vxhnce# hc dhkqlih `hnäl `hdeqp~l~ |xhh~l wh~`l`h~e+ Lxk|xh l whahq ceq v~eghplq qek dhkajeklèq aede vl~ph `hc axcpeaedxkjpl~je "Jqlälq z Hyh|xjhc* z aede v~eghpl `h cl ae~ph "Klpìk*# qjhdv~h vl~haäl|xh hqplnlk lc dl~ohk `h hqplq jkqpjpxajekhq vl~l ve`h~ a~jpjal~clq z blah~ch kepl~

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gxh `jabe9 weqep~eq ke qejq vxhnce däe# chq qh~ì `jabe9 qejq bjieq `hc @jeq wjwjhkph+ "Eq+<9 <6*+

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>+ Hc @jeq Qlkpe+

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Hk dxablq ealqjekhq qh vxh`h enqh~wl~ hk hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe aede qh `hqa~jnh l@jeq l dlkh~l `h gxhoe ve~ hihdvce# xkl acl~l dxhqp~l `h hqpe ce whdeq hk hc cjn~e `hÊreè# axlkè @jeq ccldl l Dejqêq9 .Z qh ch lvl~hajñ hc ìkohc `h Ihbewì hk xkl ccldl `h gxhoe

hk dh`je `h xkl yl~yl. " Hr+ 19 >$8*+ >0 L|xä keq `ldeq axhkpl aede qh aekgjox~l xkl .bjh~eglkjl. >8 qhoùk ce hqa~jpe ve~ Dj~ahl Hcjl`h hk qx cjn~e Hc djpe `hc hph~ke ~hpe~ke hk èk`h cl yl~yl qh blah qlo~l`l ve~ hc qädnece |xh hccl qjokjgjal# .Hc enihpe lvl~hah hkpekahq xk aede xk ~hahvpìaxce `hxkl gxh~yl hrp~lül |xh ce `jgh~hkajl `h qx dh`je z ch aekgjh~h qhkpjè z wlce~+ Hqlgxh~yl vxh`h hqpl~ hk qx qxnqplkajl e hk qx ge~dl= p~lkqdjqjnch ve~ dh`je `hbjh~eglkpl e `h ~jpxlc+++ e ve~|xh ep~e~l gxh hc phlp~e `h xkl pheglkäl .+

Ep~e hihdvce `h dlkjghqplajñk `h qlkpj`l` pldnjêk ce phkhdeq hk Êreè9 .Ve~|xh cl kxnh `hc Ihbewì hqplnl `h `äl qen~h hc plnh~kìaxce# z hc gxhoe hqplnl `h keabh qen~h êc# l wjqpl`h pe`l cl alql `h Jq~lhc# hk pe`lq qxq ie~kl`lq+. "Hr+ 06912*+

L|xä hc vxhnce bhn~he h~l oxjlèq ve~ hqpl kxnh+

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qhìjq däeq+. "Chw+>69 >7*+

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cchklnlk hc phdvce+ Ve~ hkajdl `h êc blnäl qh~lgjkhq= al`l xke phkäl qhjq lclq= aek èq axn~älk qxq ~eqp~eq#aek èq axn~älk qxq vjhq# z aek èq weclnlk+ Z hc xke lc ep~e `lnl weahq# `jajhkè9 Qlkpe# Qlkpe# Qlkpe#

Ihbewì `h ceq hiê~ajpeq= pe`l cl pjh~~l hqpì cchkl `h qx oce~jl+. "Jqlälq 79<$1*>?

L|xä zl qh vxh`h lv~hajl~ hc al~ìaph~ `h cl qlkpj`l` `h @jeq# z cl `jdhkqjñk de~lc |xhêqph phkäl z |xh~äl `l~ch hc vxhnce bhn~he hk ~hclajñk aek ceq vxhnceq whajkeq# l p~lwêq

`h hqpl qlkpj`l` `h @jeq deqp~lnl qx lah~aldjhkpe lc bedn~h# vh~e l qx why blaäl cl`jgh~hkajl hkp~h @jeq z hc bedn~h# @jeq hq Qlkpe z hc bedn~h h~l vhalè~# hqpe `hblah~ch wh~ lc bedn~h qx vhalè `hdeqp~lnl |xh @jeq hk qx qlkpj`l` hqplnl jkph~hqlèhk cl de~lc `hc bedn~h# z hqpl qlkpj`l` `hqa~jpl aede hc al~ìaph~ `h @jeq pldnjêk ch~hwhclnl lc bedn~h bhn~he cl de~lcj`l` `h qx @jeq äkpjdldhkph xkj`l l cl qlkpj`l`#ve~ ce plkpe vl~l ceq bhn~heq peè ce Qlkpe h~l |xh hcce |xh h~l `h @jeq z |xh blnälqjè qhvl~lè vl~l êc+

>7 Cl h~l `h Klañk+ Cl xnjalajñk h hqpl h~l qh `hqaekeah+ Hc phrpe cl aeceal hk clq v~erjdj`l`hq h cl alql`h Enh`$hèd# |xh l qx why ce hqpì chieq h Ih~xqlcêk# vh~e ke hq veqjnch qh~ dìq v~hajqe+Hc lp~hwjdjhkpe `h Xyl+ Hc l~al qh whäl aede xk enihpe |xh ~h|xh~äl ~hqvhpe z alxphcl+ Qx djqdl klpx~lchylcl blaäl vhcjo~eql "aedvl~l`l aek cl hchap~jaj`l`*+ Cl vlcln~l p~l`xaj`l aede .lp~hwjdjhkpe. lvl~hah qñce

l|xä hk hc LP# vh~e cl djqdl ~läy hk ep~eq j`jedlq lgjkhq qjokjgjal .`hq`êk. "L~al`je* e .khocjohkajl."l~ldhe*+Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc Dxkè

Bjqvlke Vìo+#170+

>? Hq hc lüe ?0> l+ @h I+A+ Qh~lgjkhq# hpjdecñojaldhkph ceq l~`jhkphq e gjh~eq# qek gjox~lq bxdlklq v~ewjqplq`h qhjq lclq+ Hc p~hq whahq Qlkpe hq aek hc v~evñqjpe h hkglpjyl~ qx klpx~lchyl+Cl Njncjl `h hqpx`je# Alqjeè~e `h ^hjkl <:76# h`jpe~jlc Dxkè Bjqvlke# Vìo+ ?:2

>1



@jeq kxkal l p~lwêq `h cl qlkpj`l` v~hphk`jñ qhvl~l~qh e `hqcjol~qh `h qx vxhnce lcaekp~l~je hc qjhdv~h nxqañ |xh qx vxhnce gxh~l qlkpe lqä ce `jah xkl z ep~l why l cecl~oe `h peè hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe9

.alkpl` l Ihbewì# weqep~eq qxq qlkpeq. "Qlc+ 1690*+

.Phdh` l Ihbewì# weqep~eq qxq qlkpeq. "Qlc+ 109:*+

.+++ z whk`~ìk Ihbewì dj @jeq# z aek êc peèq ceq qlkpeq. "Yla+ <098n*+

L p~lwêq `h peè hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe qh ~hqvj~l cl qlkpj`l` `h @jeq z |xh peè ce |xhqh lah~al l Hc `hnh qh~ Qlkpe+

1+ Hc @jeq `h lde~+

Hc vxhnce bhn~he aekeah `h hc lde~ `h @jeq# ve~ hc qece bhabe `h blnh~ qjè hqaeojèqvl~l blah~ qx vxhnce qjk |xh hcceq bxnjh~lk bhabe lcoe |xh ch dh~hajh~l qh~ ccldlèq hcvxhnce `h @jeq ke blnäl kl`l |xh hc vxhnce bhn~he bxnjh~l bhabe vl~l depjwl~ hqlhchaajñk= qecldhkph# hc lde~ `h @jeq+ Lqä |xh`l `h dlkjgjhqpe hk hc cjn~e `h@hxph~ekedje axlkè `jah9.Ve~|xh pù h~hq vxhnce qlkpe vl~l Ihbewì px @jeq= Ihbewì px @jeq ph bl hqaeojè vl~l blah~ch xk vxhnce

hqvhajlc# dìq |xh peèq ceq vxhnceq |xh hqpìk qen~h cl pjh~~l+ Ke ve~ qh~ weqep~eq dìq |xh peèq ceq vxhnceqeq bl |xh~jè Ihbewì z eq bl hqaeojè# vxhq weqep~eq h~ljq hc vxhnce dìq jkqjokjgjalkph `h peèq ceqvxhnceq= qj ke ve~ axlkpe Ihbewì eq ldñ# z |xjqe oxl~`l~ hc ix~ldhkpe |xh ix~ñ l wxhqp~eq vl`~hq# eq blqlalè Ihbewì aek dlke ve`h~eql# z eq bl ~hqalplè `h qh~wj`xdn~h# `h cl dlke `h Gl~lñk ~hz `h Hojvpe.

.Z ph ldl~ì. "@p+ ?9 7$?# <1*+>2

Hc v~eghpl Eqhlq vh~ajnjñ v~egxk`ldhkph hqpl al~laph~äqpjal `h @jeq 9.Dh `jie ep~l why Ihbewì9 wh# ldl l xkl dxih~ ldl`l `h qxq aedvlüh~e# qxq lxk|xh l`ùcph~l# aede hclde~ `h Ihbewì vl~l aek ceq bjieq `h Jq~lhc# ceq axlchq dj~lk l `jeqhq lihkeq# z ldlk pe~plq `h vlqlq+."Eqhlq 19<*+>:

Pldnjêk aekeahdeq `h qx lde~ hk Jqlälq9. Ve~|xh l djq eieq gxjqph `h o~lk hqpjdl# gxjqph beke~lnch# z ze ph ldê= `l~ê# vxhq# bedn~hq ve~ pj# z

klajekhq ve~ px wj`l. "Jqlälq 0190*+

Ep~l hrv~hqjñk `h lde~ vl~l aek qx vxhnce ce hkaekp~ldeq hk Ih~hdälq9.Aek lde~ hph~ke ph bh ldlè= ve~ plkpe# ph v~ecekoxh dj djqh~jae~`jl+. "Ih~hdälq 1<91*+

Hk hc cjn~e `h V~ewh~njeq9>2 Cl ~hclajñk `h vlape+ Cl ph~djkeceoäl |xh qh xql l|xä qen~h hc lde~# chlcpl` z enh`jhkajl h~l aedùk hk ceqp~lplèq jkph~klajeklchq h hqph pjhdve+ Ceq hihdvceq)bhpheq# )lal`jeq# )xol~jpjaeq z )l~ldheq dxhqp~lk|xh cl laajñk veqjpjwl `hc qenh~lke blajl hc wlqlcce h~l `hdeqp~l l aek lde~# nek`l` z ohkh~eqj`l` z |xh hk

~hp~jnxajñk qh hqvh~lnl |xh hc wlqlcce ~hqvek`jh~l aek enh`jhkajl z chlcpl`+ Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke Vìo+<2:+

>: Djqh~jae~`jl . ihqh` . jk`jal hc pjh~ke z aedvlqjwl lde~ |xh peè ce vh~èkl z ce ~hqplx~l# hc .ihqh`. hq hcdepjwe `hp~ìq `h cl ~hqplx~lajñk+ Aede Eqhlq ~hqplx~l l cl hqveql jkgjhc# Ihbewì l ~hqplx~l lc vxhnce j`ñclp~l+Pe~plq `h vlqlq h~lk xql`lq hk ceq ~jpeq hc axcpe l Nllc+Cl Njncjl `h hqpx`je# Alqjeè~e `h ^hjkl <:76# h`jpe~jlc Dxkè Bjqvlke# Vìo+ :?:

>0



.Ke dhkeqv~hajhq# bjie däe# hc alqpjoe `h Ihbewì# kj ph glpjoxhq `h qx ae~~haajñk= ve~|xh Ihbewì lc |xh ldlalqpjol# aede hc vl`~h lc bjie l |xjhk |xjh~h.+ "V~ew+19 <<$<>*

Hqph lde~ `h @jeq ke hqplnl qecldhkph aj~axkqa~jpe lc vxhnce bhn~he# hc lkpjoxephqpldhkpe keq ~hwhcl hqph lde~ `h @jeq xkjwh~qlc# hq ajh~pe |xh hcceq blnälk qjè

hqaeojèq aede hc vxhnce `hc vlape# vh~e qx lde~ ke h~l qñce vl~l ceq `hc vlape# lqäve~ hihdvce ce whdeq hk hc cjn~e `h Êreè9.Z lc hrp~lkih~e ke hkolül~ìq kj lkoxqpjl~lq# ve~|xh hrp~lkih~eq gxjqphjq weqep~eq hk cl pjh~~l `h Hojvpe.

"êreè >>9><*+

Hk hc cjn~e `h Chwäpjae9. Z ke ~hnxqal`lq px wjül# kj ~haeoh~ìq hc g~xpe aläè `h px wjül= vl~l hc ven~h vl~l hc hrp~lkih~e ce `hil~ìq+."Chwäpjae <:9<6*+.Aede l xk klpx~lc `h weqep~eq phk`~êjq lc hrp~lkih~e |xh de~h hkp~h weqep~eq# z ce ldl~ìq aede l pjdjqde= ve~|xh hrp~lkih~eq gxjqphjq hk cl pjh~~l `h Hojvpe+. "Chwäpjae <:910*+

L|xä whdeq aede hqh dlk`lpe `h ldl~ lc v~ñijde |xh chq blnäl qjè hkqhülè hkwh~qäaxceq lkph~je~hq "Chwäpjae <:9<2* qh hrpjhk`h pldnjêk lc hrp~lkih~e# deqp~lkè lqäcl v~heaxvlajñk z hc lde~ |xh qhkpäl ve~ hcceq+

Hk hc cjn~e `h Kùdh~eq9.Z qj de~l~h aek weqep~eq hrp~lkih~e# z ahchn~l~h cl Vlqaxl l Ihbewì# aekge~dh lc ~jpe `h cl Vlqaxl z

aekge~dh l qxq chzhq clq ahchn~l~ì= xk djqde ~jpe phk`~êjq# plkpe hc hrp~lkih~e aede hc klpx~lc `h cl pjh~~l+."Kùdh~eq :9<0*+

Hk hc cjn~e `h `h @hxph~ekedje9.Ldl~hjq# vxhq# lc hrp~lkih~e= ve~|xh hrp~lkih~eq gxjqphjq hk cl pjh~~l `h Hojvpe+. "@p+<69<:*+.Ke pe~ah~ìq hc `h~habe `hc hrp~lkih~e kj `h ceq bxê~glkeq# kj pedl~ìq hk v~hk`l cl ~evl `h cl wjx`l+. "@p+>09 <?* +16

Hk hc cjn~e > `h A~ñkjalq. Z pldnjêk lc hrp~lkih~e hq |xh ke hq `h px vxhnce `h Jq~lhc# |xh bxnjh~h whkjè `h chilklq pjh~~lq l alxql`h px o~lk kedn~h z `h px dlke ve`h~eql# z `h px n~lye hrphk`jè# qj wjkjh~h z e~l~h blajl hqpl alql# pxej~ìq `hq`h ceq ajhceq# `hq`h hc cxol~ `h px de~l`l# z bl~ìq aekge~dh l pe`lq clq aeqlq ve~ clq axlchq

16 Ixqpjajl vl~l ceq wxckh~lnchq+ Xkl why dìq# qh hkxdh~lk ceq `h~habeq cholchq `h clq .aclqhq v~ephoj`lq. `hcl qeajh`l` "wjx`lq# bxê~glkeq# hrp~lkih~eq ~hqj`hkphq wh~+" Hre+ >>9>< $>0= @hxp+ >79<>*+Cl nlqh vl~l v~ephoh~ z lve~pl~ vl~l hqplq vh~qeklq hq cl aedvlqjñk `h @jeq `x~lkph hc hwhkpe `hc êreè# lqäaede hc ) vlape z cl v~edhql `h xkl pjh~~l gê~pjc+ Hc phdl `h cl v~ephaajñk cholc vl~l ceq wxckh~lnchq hq dxz

aedùk hk hc lkpjoxe ah~alke e~jhkph "Hre+ >197* hqvhajlcdhkph hk cl cjph~lpx~l `h qlnj`x~äl+ Ve~ hihdvce# hkclq Hkqhülkylq `h Ldhkhdevhp `h Hojvpe lvl~hah cl l`wh~phkajl `h ke .~enl~ lc ven~h kj hkolül~ lc cjqjlè+++kjdhph~qh hk hc aldve `h cl wjx`l. + Hkp~h ceq päpxceq xqlèq ve~ hc Aldvhqjke Hceaxhkph `h cl cjph~lpx~l hojvajlvl~l hc oenh~klkph cealc# hqpìk ceq `h .vl`~h `h bxê~glkeq. z `h .hqveqe `h cl wjx`l.# ~hae~`ìkèch qxq~hqvekqlnjcj`l`hq `h dlkphkh~ ceq `h~habeq `h ceq `ênjchq hk cl qeajh`l`+

Iebk B+ _lcpek hp ìc+# Aedhkpl~je `hc aekphrpe axcpx~lc `h cl Njncjl Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# h`jpe~jlc DxkèBjqvlke Vìoq+# ><<$><>

>8



bxnjh~h acldlè l pj hc hrp~lkih~e= vl~l |xh peèq ceq vxhnceq `h cl pjh~~l aekeyalk px kedn~h# z ph phdlklqä aede px vxhnce Jq~lhc+. " > A~ñkjalq 791>$11*+

Pe`lq hqplq qek jkqp~xaajekhq z `jqveqjajekhq hk cl chz vl~l `l~ch v~jwjchoje lchrp~lkih~e z cl jkqp~xaajñk `h |xh êqph gxh~l ldlè+

Peèq hqpeq cjn~eq keq wlk `lkè jk`jalajekhq |xh hqpl al~laph~äqpjal `hc @jeq `hcvxhnce bhn~he# `hc @jeq `h lde~# veae l veae qh wl `hwhclkè blqpl cchol~ laekwh~pj~qh hk xk @jeq |xh hqplnl dj~lkè l peè hc xkjwh~qe `h vxhnceq+

Hk hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpe qh xpjcjyl~ek èq wealnceq vl~l `hqa~jnj~ hc lde~ `h @jeq+Hc v~jdh~ wealnce hq .lblnb. xpjcjylè vl~l `hqa~jnj~ ~hclajekhq bxdlklq

ke~dlcdhkph cl `h xk qxvh~je~ blajl xk jkgh~je~# cl `h xk ~hz blajl qxq qùn`jpeq+Pldnjêk qh xqlnl vl~l `hqa~jnj~ hqh lde~ `h ~hqvhpe blajl xk qxvh~je~+.Lblnlb aekqplkphdhkph lcx`h l cl j`hl `h hchoj~ lùk hk qxq xqeq ke ~hcjojeqeq+ Lqä# hclde~ `h @jeq vl~l aek Jq~lhc qh `hqa~jnh hk pê~djkeq `h qx hchaajñk `h Jq~lhc+ Cl

cjnh~lajñk `h Hojvpe plkpe aede cl `hc hrjcje vxh`hk hkphk`h~qh aede hc ~hqxcplè `hqx cjn~h hchaajñk `h hcceq+.1<

Lblnb –Keplq lc Qlcde RWJJ+ ^hpe|xh plkpe dìq `hcjalè# axlkpe vl~l hrv~hql~ qxlde~ ke qh wlcjñ `hc wh~ne lblnb |xh qjokjgjal qjdvchdhkph lde~# qjke `hc ~lild |xhqjokjgjal lde~ hkp~lülnchdhkph+ "Pedlè `hc cjn~e ceq qlcdeq# wecxdhk xke# h`jplève~ Pedìq Oekyìchy Al~wlilc# <2<:* Xkjwh~qj`l` Aedvcxphkqh+ 81 >1 16 >?: r1>

Hc qhoxkè wealnce xpjcjylè vl~l `hqa~jnj~ hc lde~ `h @jeq hq . iêqh . "abhqh`* hqphqh vxh`h p~l`xaj~ aede lde~# nek`l # ldlnjcj`l`# cl gj`hcj l`# djqh~jae~`jl# o~lajl#

ixqpjajl# oce~jl +

. Abhqh` hq xkl wey bhn~hl dxz `jgäajc `h p~l`xaj~+ @h clq >08 whahq |xh lvl~hah hk hclkpjoxe phqpldhkpe# cl ^W^ cl p~l`xah >>< aede .djqh~jae~`jl.+ Clq ep~lqp~l`xaajekhq qek .nek`l`.# .achdhkajl.# .vjh`l`.# .nhkhwechkajl.# .o~lajl.# .dh~ah`.#.gj`hcj`l`.# .lde~ vh~dlkhkph.+ Cl CRR HK <18 alqeq p~l`xah abhqh` aede.djqh~jae~`jl.# hk ep~eq alqeq ce p~l`xah aede .ixqpjajl.# .vjh`l`.# .hqvh~lkyl.# z.oce~jl.+ Hq vxhq# hwj`hkph |xh ceq p~l`xape~hq wjh~ek |xh abhqh` ve`~äl p~l`xaj~qh aekwl~jlq lahvajekhq veqjnchq+

Qh xql cl wey abhqh` vl~l `hqa~jnj~ clq ~hclajekhq hkp~h vh~qeklq z hkp~h @jeq z cl

bxdlkj`l`+Hk axlkpe l `hqa~jnj~ clq ~hclajekhq hkp~h vh~qeklq phkhdeq xkeq hihdvceq9<+ Cl ~hclajñk hkp~h xk bjie z qx vl`~h de~jnxkè "Oêk+ 0?9>:*+>+ Hkp~h dl~jè z dxih~ "Oêk+ >69<1*+

1< ênh~p C+ Alph+ Pheceoäl hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe# Alql Nlxpjqpl h vxncjalajekhq# Vìo+78

1> Neemq+oeeoch+a%neemq5j`42yi:<obdôA‧

>7



1+ Hkp~h vl~jhkphq "^xp >>+ >6*+0+ Hkp~h jkwjplèq "Oêk <:9<:*+8+ Hkp~h ldjoeq "< Qld+ >292*+

Hk qhkpjè ohkh~lc ve`~äl `haj~qh |xh# hk ~hclajñk aek @jeq# abhqh` qhülcl ceq lp~jnxpeq`jwjkeq# qx ~hclajñk z p~lpe aek hc qh~ bxdlke+ Axlkè qh hdvchl vl~l ~hgh~j~qh lc p~lpe`h ceq bedn~hq hkp~h qä# qhülcl clq lapjpx`hq# clq ~hclajekhq z hc p~lpe `h xkl vh~qeklaek ep~l+ Ke blz hk hqvlüec kjkoùk pê~djke hqvhaägjae |xh vxh`l p~lkqdjpj~ v~hajqldhkph ce |xh abhqh` qjokjgjal hk hc bhn~he+ Djqh~jae~`jl# nek`l`# achdhkajl#`hqa~jnhk ae~~hapldhkph `jgh~hkphq lqvhapeq `hc qhkpjè `h hqph wealnce# vh~e kjkoxkelnl~al pe`l cl ldvcjpx` `h qx qjokjgjalè# lc dhkeq axlkè qh ch hdvchl vl~l qhülcl~ xk lp~jnxpe `jwjke+.11

Aekacxqjekhq

11 %%qjpjhq+oeeoch+aed%qjph%chrjaebhn~help% jaajekl~je%ab%abhqh`$<*

>?



+Cl ~hwhclajñk `h @jeq qh jkjajl aek xkl ~hwhclajñk e~jojklc `l`l l L`ìk hk hc bxh~pe

`hc H`êk# vlqlkè `h xkl ~hwhclajñk wh~nlc axzl p~lkqdjqjñk qh hghapxñ `h cl djqdldlkh~l # l xkl hqa~jpx~lc# qjk vh~`h~ cl hqhkajl |xh hc lxpe~ `h hqpl ~hwhclajñk h~l hcdjqde @jeq z hrv~hqlnl hk hccl qx wecxkpl` vl~l hc vxhnce hqaeoj e# hqpl wlv~eo~hqlkè z ldvcjìkèqh hk hc pjhdve hk cl dh`j`l |xh hc vxhnce bhn~he qh `jqvekhl aekeah~ l hqph @jeq |xh bl bhabe xk vlape hqvhajlc aek hcceq

Hqpl ~hwhclajñk |xh qh wh hk hc Lkpjoxe Phqpldhkpe ke gxh xk aekixkpe `h hkqhülkylqe `h j`hlq ~hcjojeqlq# gxh cl kl~~lajñk `hc v~eahqe `h añde @jeq lapxñ hk cl bjqpe~jl`hc vxhnce bhn~he vl~l p~lh~chq qlcwlajñk+

L p~lwêq `h cl ~hwhclajñk lc vxhnce bhn~he# qh vh~ajnäl |xh ceq hqplnl v~hvl~lkè vl~l

lcoe dìq o~lk`h hk hc gxpx~e# ceq v~eghplq qjhdv~h dj~l~ek blajl l`hclkph aek clhqvh~lkyl `h wh~ en~lq ve`h~eqlq |xh kjkoùk ep~e vxhnce blnäl wjqpe+

Cl ~hcjojeqj`l` `hc vxhnce bhn~he veae l veae gxh p~lkqge~dl`l# `h xkl ~hcjojeqj`l`vecjphäqpl# vl~haj`l z hdvl~hkpl`l aek cl `h qxq vxhnceq whajkeq# blajl xkl~hcjojeqj`l` dekephäqpl l cl axlc @jeq |xh~äl cchwl~ceq# vh~e ke qñce l xk dekephäqdeqjke cchwl~ceq l xkl qlkpj`l`+

Hk hqpl hwecxajñk blajl hc dekephäqde qh vxh`h enqh~wl~ aede ke qecldhkph @jeq nxqañ cl qlcwlajñk `hc vxhnce bhn~he qjke pldnjêk `h dxablq klajekhq vh~e hqpe phkälxk enihpjwe hc axlc h~l a~hl~ xk kxhwe vxhnce z êqph ~hajnj~äl xkl klajeklcj`l`

hqvj~jpxlc# z cl gxhkph `h hqpl klajeklcj`l` hqvj~jpxlc v~ewhkäl `hc djqde @jeq l p~lwêq`h qx ~hwhclajñk+

Hc vxhnce bhn~he pxwe xk laekphah~ bjqpñ~jae `jgh~hkph `h ceq `hdìq vxhnceq# vl~l hcceqqx wj`l ke h~l aede xk ajace |xh qh ~hvhpäl qjke |xh h~l xk aekpjkxe |xh v~eo~hqlnl hkhc pjhdve z hk hc ahkp~e `h qx bjqpe~jl vxqe lc @jeq `h cl lcjlkyl# qx bjqpe~jl hqpì hqa~jpl`hkp~e `h cl bjqpe~jl `h cl qlcwlajñk# z qxq hqa~jpeq ~hgchilèq hk hc lkpjoxe phqpldhkpeqek cl hrv~hqjñk pldnjêk `h qx qh~ klajeklc+

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revelacion de dios al pueblo de israel -1

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