resumen sifones

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INDEX 1 introduction 2 structural components of a SIPHON a tube b. transitions c. gates d. breath builds e surplus channel f security features 3 design of SIPHONS a speed limit in pipeline b. head losses c. seal hydraulic d. design steps 1. 2 introduction -Siphons, or inverted siphons, are used to transport water through a natural depression, under a road, or surround channel -Some traps have rectangular cross sections -Siphons can have a straight side alignment, or they may have changes in direction -The siphon must be buried in general with a minimum of approximately 1 m of cover. -Open channels (bridge - channel) can be alternative but they can be expensive and unsightly. -The traps are very dangerous therefore provides a grating at the entrance to avoid the accidental entry of people and objects. -Sediments are a serious problem because they settle at the point of the siphon. -Cleaning can only be in large siphons but is impossible in small traps, also means interruption of the service. 3 structural components of a SIPHON a tube -The majority of traps are constructed of concrete premoulded and can go up to 200 feet. -Previously but prestressed concrete pipes used the experience to demonstrated that the wire may corrode in just 15-18 alos of service. -The traps can also be built with plastic or steel pipe, including less common possibilities even wood. b. transitions -The transisiones are structures of inlet and outlet of the siphon. -Are necessary to prevent erosion on the inlet and outlet of the siphon and maintain immersing the pipe. -The transisicones the same design for inlet and outlet can be taken in small traps to save costs. But in large siphons is neseario design separately. c. gates -Valves can be installed: to the check of a siphon to control the water level upstream. At the exit of a siphon to control the immersion waters above. -The operation of a door at the entrance of a siphon can ensure hydraulic tightness. d. structures of BREATHING -A "blow-off" structure is an output valve in the top of the pipe at a point low on the siphon -Smaller traps often do not have a structure of expulsion -These structures are used to help drain the siphon in the event of

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Resumen Sifones

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INDEX1 introduction2 structural components of a SIPHON

a tubeb. transitionsc. gatesd. breath buildse surplus channelf security features

3 design of SIPHONSa speed limit in pipelineb. head lossesc. seal hydraulicd. design steps

1.        2 introduction-Siphons, or inverted siphons, are used to transport water through a natural depression, under a road, or surround channel-Some traps have rectangular cross sections-Siphons can have a straight side alignment, or they may have changes in direction-The siphon must be buried in general with a minimum of approximately 1 m of cover.-Open channels (bridge - channel) can be alternative but they can be expensive and unsightly.-The traps are very dangerous therefore provides a grating at the entrance to avoid the accidental entry of people and objects.-Sediments are a serious problem because they settle at the point of the siphon.-Cleaning can only be in large siphons but is impossible in small traps, also means interruption of the service. 3 structural components of a SIPHONa tube

-The majority of traps are constructed of concrete premoulded and can go up to 200 feet.-Previously but prestressed concrete pipes used the experience to demonstrated that the wire may corrode in just 15-18 alos of service.-The traps can also be built with plastic or steel pipe, including less common possibilities even wood.b. transitions

-The transisiones are structures of inlet and outlet of the siphon.

-Are necessary to prevent erosion on the inlet and outlet of the siphon and maintain immersing the pipe.-The transisicones the same design for inlet and outlet can be taken in small traps to save costs. But in large siphons is neseario design separately.

c. gates-Valves can be installed: to the check of a siphon to control the water level upstream. At the exit of a siphon to control the immersion waters above.-The operation of a door at the entrance of a siphon can ensure hydraulic tightness.d. structures of BREATHING

-A "blow-off" structure is an output valve in the top of the pipe at a point low on the siphon-Smaller traps often do not have a structure of expulsion-These structures are used to help drain the siphon in the event of emergency, routine maintenance, and to remove sediments from the pipe.e surplus channel

-An evacuator (spout side) was sometimes built in the channel just upstream of an entry from trap to divert the flow of the channel in the case of obstruction of the siphon or other emergency situation.-In addition, the entrance to a siphon should always be trash racks and / or screens to prevent rocks and other debris from entering the tube.f safety features

-In operation, traps may seem harmless, especially in a Grand canal, but can be deadly-Just upstream from the entrance of the trap can be used as follows:-Posters with warnings-Rungs of the ladder on the banks of the canals-Steps on the banks of the canals-Cable with fleet across the surface of the water-Network security with cables and chains-Grilles or trash racks 

4 design of SIPHONSSiphons design has many similarities with the design of sewers; However, unlike the sewers project:-Traps are usually designed for the flow of the pipe complete-Traps are usually designed to minimize head loss

-Siphons carry water down, then back upUSBR trap designs are usually for 50 years assumed useful lifea speed limit in the pipe

-In accordance with the USBR, speeds in the pipes must be between 3.5 and 10 fps-The latest designs of the Bureau have been called especially for the speed of 8 fps.-Long siphons can cost less with a size slightly more small tube.

b. loss of load-Total load loss is the sum of: input, output, pipe, and minor losses- Most of the loss of a siphon is pipe friction.-Output losses are typically about twice the loss of input.

c. hydraulic seal-"Hydraulic seal" is the minimum requirement of upstream head, relative to the top edge of the siphon tube, to avoid air drag at that location.-Hydraulic seal recommended by the USBR is equal 5hv, where hv is the difference in the heads of speed in the open of upstream channel and pipeline (when full flow) a1.-For a more conservative value of hydraulic seal, use 1.5hpipe, when hpipe is the speed all the way-trap pipe.  

d. steps of design-Determine the path that the siphon will continue-Determine the diameter of the tubing required in accordance with the approval of the management of the design and the speed limit-Determine the types of transition structures right at the entrance and exit, or custom for the installation in particular design transitions-Design siphon according to the existing land disposal and the proposal (or existing) elevations of the channel in the input and output-Determine the requirements of the line pressure in accordance with the head (the lowest point) during operation-Determine the head loss total in design spending trap-If the pressure drop is too high, choose a larger tube or different material; Alternatively, consider adjusting the elevations of the channel at the entrance and exit

 Download link: http://ocw.usu.edu/Biological_and_Irrigation_Engineering/Irrigation___Conveyance_Control_Systems/6300__LectureNotes.pdf SOURCE:Publication by the University of the State of Utah, United States.http://ocw.usu.edu/Biological_and_Irrigation_Engineering/Irrigation___Conveyance_Control_Systems/Lecture_Notes.htm