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A Project ReportOn
“HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM”
Under the Guidance ofMr.Balvir Singh
RAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS ANDINSTRUMENTS LIMITED
ByRamkrishan Dudi
121060666th semester,B.tech
Instrumentation and Control Engineering
Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandhar, Punjab
India- 144011
Undertaken atRAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS ANDINSTRUMENTS LIMITED JAIPUR
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LIST OF CONTENTS1. PREFEACE
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
3. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ORGANISATION ORGANISATION PROFILE MISSION, VISION AND CULTURE HISTORY PRODUCTS
4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
5. SOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION SOLAR POWER PLANT
6. WIND ENRERGY INTRODUCTION WIND TURBINE
7. HYBRID WIND-SOLAR POWER PLANT
8.
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PREFACEREIL India Limited basically deals with Agro-Diary sector, Solar Photovoltaic Cell.
Adherence to high quality standards and the people development.
REIL has been able to set standards of excellence in the industry, while delivering products that exceed customer expectations on time, thereby earning the respects of its customers worldwide.
This summer project aims at studying the HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
under the guidance of Mr. Balvir Singh.
Mr. Neeraj Saxena
Branch Manager (Jaipur)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is good to grab the knowledge. It is very good to utilize the knowledge in doing the works, which are handful, and advantageous for mankind and it is excellent thing to provide the knowledge to your followers so that they could also serve mankind in the same way. Knowing the above facts I have come to REIL, Jaipur so that I can put my knowledge on a right track with the experiences of all the senior persons of the company.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to all the people who provided me great support and guidance throughout the course of my summer internship program.
I also take this opportunity to express my sincere and deepest sense of gratitude towards all the staff members of Jaipur Branch specially Mr. Balvir Singh without the supervision of whom, it would not have been possible for me to have such a good training experience. Words cannot reflect the cooperation; assistance and encouragement given by the members and my friends who at one time or the other assisted me in completing the project. Finally I would like to thank Mr. Neeraj Saxena for providing me this good opportunity to work, learn in REIL family.
Ramkrishan DudiNIT JALANDHAR
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Chapter 1 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ORGANISATION
REIL INDIA LTD.
ORGANISATION PROFILE
Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. (REIL) has a prominent place
amongst
the electronics industry of Rajasthan. The Company is a joint venture between the
Government of India & the Government of Rajasthan, through their respective
institutions. The Company was conferred the status of a "MINI RATNA" by the
Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Industry, Government of India in
1997 on account of its good all round performance and excellent products.
The Company has added another feather in its cap by establishing a Quality
Management system for its operations and has been certified as an ISO 9001 firm
w.e.f. 31st July, 1998. The area of business extends to manufacturing and marketing
of electronic products/ services in the following areas:
Agro-Diary Sector
Solar Photovoltaic Sector
Industrial Electronics Sector
Information Technology
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MISSION, VISION AND CULTURE
REIL's Mission
Improve Performance : REIL helps customers improve their operating performance, grid reliability and productivity whilst saving energy and lowering environmental impact.
Drive Innovation: Innovation and quality are key characteristics of our product, systems and service offering.
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Attract Talent: REIL is committed to attracting and retaining dedicated and skilled people and offering employees an attractive.
Act Responsibly: Sustainability, lowering environmental impact and business ethics are at the core of our market offering and our own operations.
REIL's Vision
As one of the world’s leading engineering companies, we help our customers to use solar power efficiently, to increase industrial productivity and to lower environmental impact in a sustainable way. Power and productivity for a better world
REIL’s CultureGood leaders are characterized by competence, ambition and integrityAll three ensure that we create value by fulfilling our commitments to our customers, our employees and the communities and societies in which we operate, acting in accordance with sound corporate values.
HISTORY:Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. (REIL) has a prominent place
amongst the electronics industry of Rajasthan. The Company is a joint venture
between the Government of India & the Government of Rajasthan, through their
respective institutions. The Company was conferred the status of a "MINI
RATNA" by the Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Industry,
Government of India in 1997 on account of its good all round performance and
excellent products. The Company has added another feather in its cap by
establishing a Quality Management system for its operations and has been
certified as an ISO 9001 firm w.e.f. 31st July, 1998.
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REIL PRODUCTS:
AGRO DAIRY: The Electronics Division kicked off its operations in 1981, --the
year of formation of the Company -- and has notched up many credits in the last
three decades.
The operations started with the Electronic Milk Tester, under technical
collaboration with A/S Foss Electric of Denmark, and assembly of Electronic Milk
Tester (EMT) in SKD form, from kits supplied by the collaborator, initially.
The Company has rapidly absorbed and assimilated the technology, successfully
indigenised the product, and in response to customer requirements, designed it on
micro-controller technology to suit the needs of the Indian customers. Thus, the
auto-zero EMT was introduced in the market in the year 1990.
The Company has also successfully integrated the products into a more versatile
system, developed in-house through it own development efforts, called the Milk
Collection Station.
SPV MODULES: Company entered into the Solar Photovoltaic industry in 1985.
It started its operations by setting up a manufacturing facility for SPV modules and
has expanded its area of operations through manufacture of Balance of Systems for
a large number of applications, utilizing its electronics product manufacturing
facility. The Company products are a result of its own in-house development
efforts. The Company has a capacity of 2 MW per year on single shift basis.
The Company has a capacity to manufacture over 2MW peak capacity
modules/year in a single shift with the flexibility of round the clock operations.
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The manufacturing department has machines including string layout machines,
module laminators and soldering systems for producing modules conforming to
International standards.
CHAPTER 2OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE
To generate continuous power from wind and solar energy. (Day and
night). This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy
sources.
Thermal power plant uses more than wind and solar power plant due to
it have 40-46% efficiency but solar plant have efficiency about 17%
which is half as compare to thermal power plant. To enhance the
efficiency of solar power plant with the use of wind power plant.
To switch from non –renewable energy to renewable energy by which
the pollution reduces.
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CHAPTER 3 SOLAR ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
Solar Energy was invented many years back with a piece of shiny metal which can reflect sunrays, it satisfied the basic need of cooking and heating in ancient days.
In modern days it is being used in many ways by converting the solar energy to electrical energy with a Solar Panel
After passing through the Earth's atmosphere, most of the Sun's energy is
in the form of visible light and infrared light radiation. Plants convert the
energy in sunlight into chemical energy (sugars and starches) through the
process of photosynthesis. Humans regularly use this store of energy in
various ways, as when they burn wood or fossil fuels, or when
simply eating plants, fish and animals.
Solar radiation reaches the Earth's upper Earth's atmosphere with the
power of 1366 watts per square meter (W/m2). Since the Earth is round,
the surface nearer its poles is angled away from the Sun and receives much
less solar energy than the surface nearer the equator.
At present, solar cell panels convert, at best, about 15% of sunlight hitting
them into electricity.[1] The dark disks in the third diagram on the right are
imaginary examples of the amount of land that, if covered with 8% efficient
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solar panels, would produce slightly more energy in the form of electricity
than the world needed in 2003
Solar energy is used today in a number of ways:
As heat for making hot water, heating buildings, and cooking
To generate electricity with solar cells or heat engines
To take the salt away from seawater.
Solar power plantsSolar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either
directly using photovoltaic (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar
power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and
tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic
converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. The largest
photovoltaic power plant in the world is the 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project
in Arizona.
Concentrated solar power plants first appeared in the 1980s. Now, the 354
MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) CSP installation is the largest solar
power plant in the world; it is located in the Mojave Desert, California. Other
large CSP plants include the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW, 250 MW when
finished)[3] and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain.
Solar power is the power of the future.
Here we use solar plant using photovoltaic.
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Photovoltaic (PVs) are arrays of cells containing a solar photovoltaic material that
converts solar radiation or energy from the sun into direct current electricity. Due
to the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar
cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in recent years, and costs
have dropped.
Solar photovoltaic is growing rapidly, from a small base, to a total global capacity
of 130,000 MW at the end of 2013. More than 100 countries use solar PV.
Installations may be ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming
and grazing) or built into the roof or walls of a building.
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CHAPTER 4 WIND ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce
mechanical or electrical power. Windmills are used for their mechanical
power, wind pumps for water pumping, and sails to propel ships. Wind power as
an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,
produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, and uses little land. The
net effects are far less problematic than those of non-renewable power sources.
Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines which are connected to
the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source
of electricity, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal, gas or fossil
fuel plants. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land, and offshore
farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance costs are
considerably higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid
or provide electricity to isolated off-grid locations.
Wind power is very consistent from year to year but has significant variation over
shorter time scales. It is therefore used in conjunction with other electric power
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sources to give a reliable supply. As the proportion of wind power in a region
increases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant
conventional production can occur. Power management techniques such as
having excess capacity, geographically distributed turbines, dispatch able backing
sources, sufficient hydroelectric power, exporting and importing power to
neighbouring areas, using vehicle-to-grid strategies or reducing demand when
wind production is low, can in many cases overcome these problems. In
addition, weather forecasting permits the electricity network to be readied for
the predictable variations in production that occur.
As of 2014, Denmark has been generating around 40% of its electricity from
wind, and at least 83 other countries around the world are using wind power to
supply their electricity grids. Wind power capacity has expanded to 369,553 MW
by December 2014, and total wind energy production is growing rapidly and has
reached around 4% of worldwide electricity usage.
WIND TURBINE:A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into
electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric
technology (rotary propeller). The technical description for this type of machine is
an aerofoil-powered generator.
The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern
engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical
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and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as
battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic
warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a
domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via
the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an
increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used by many
countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
WIND TURBINE
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CHAPTER 5 HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
Why We Required? Low operating cost
Easy to charge
power quality
Efficiency increase
APPLICATION Distributed Generation Applications, Constant Speed and Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems, Photovoltaic Energy System.
CONSTRUCTION
1. MATERIAL USED- Solar panel Wind turbine Battery Solar Charge controller Wind Charge controller Invertor
Solar Panel-
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Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of
energy for generating electricity or heating.
A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6×10 solar cells. Solar
PV panels constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic system that generates and
supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module
is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically
ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a module determines the area of a
module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 watt module will have
twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. There are a few solar panels
available that are exceeding 19% efficiency.
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Solar energy emitted by sun. Then it is captured by solar panel. A charge
controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to
keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming
from the solar panels going to the battery. After this we can store power in
battery (DC power).DC power can be converted into AC power using invertor.
WIND TURBINE
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric technology (rotary propeller).
DIAGRAM OF TOP VIEW OF WIND TURBINE
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Solar charge controller
A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most "12 volt" panels put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged.
WIND CHARGE CONTROLLER
To store the energy generated by the wind turbine need a converter to adjust the
generator voltage to the battery voltage. The alternating voltage is generated
phase, and the battery voltage is continuous, so that converter is necessary. The
converter can be constructed only with a diode rectifier bridge, which rectifies
voltage. The rectified voltage value is variable, depending on the speed of the
wind turbine, only a diode rectifier is sufficient to charge the batteries, but they
impose its voltage, so also impose a rotational speed of the turbine, significantly
decreasing performance.
Battery
It is used to store the energy in the form of dc power. So that we can utilise power
whenever required. It is basically electrolytic battery.
Invertor
Use to convert the dc power to ac power
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