reflexiones por una venezuela que funcione

5/13/2018 Reflexiones Por Una Venezuela Que Funcione - slidepdf.com

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HI ZNÈR Y RV LFGTFVG _FLNCK BKG UNCK_

ZK_ VGN "UFGFPVFCN ^VF EVGBIKGF



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Znrn tkdk mkhorf ifhzrf mny vg f`fhzck n flvir' Yk tfglk

hvbmk# zfrk ~vifrk dfdibnr ftf ciork n hi hnykr f`fhzck0

hi zndrf# @ké Pnhorngk Onrrik'



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Z_ÒCKLK

Ncofrt Figtfig

N gvftrk `òufgf# ~vf f mng uitk ekrpndk n nrriflnrck tkdk zkr

Ufgfpvfcn' N fcck ftn rff}ikgf'

Fzfrngpn bkgtrn bkrrvzbiòg# ufrdnd bkgtrn hfgtirn# fdvbnbiòg bkgtrn

ilgkrngbin# ri~vfpn bkgtrn zkorfpn# ciofrtnd bkgtrn hifdk# oifg bkgtrn fc hnc'

@ké Pnhorngk C'

Zkr Vgn Ufgfpvfcn ^vf Evgbikgf


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"Ufgfpvfcn# mky bkhifgpk eirhf# dfbididk y ig hifdkn bkhznrtir hi idfn korf fc znè ~vf ~vifrk ~vftfglnhk'

Gk f bnhoinr vg lkoifrgk k zrfidfgtff bnhoinr cn bkgbifgbin df vg zvfock'Ftnhk kocilndk n ff bnhoik zkrvgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

Yk ftnon f~viukbndknc gk mnbfr uncfr hiidfn# tkhé cn dfbiiògigbkrrfbtn' Gk mny unckrfg fk "rfecf}iòg' Nmkrnhf ifgtk oifg'

Bkhk mkhorf rfbkgkpbk hi frrkrf y korf fcck fghifgdk hiuidn# cn bvnc dfdibnré n dnr n bkgkbfr hi idfn ig hifdk y bkgrfzkgnoicidnd'

Vg mkhorf# bvyn bkgbifgbin gk cf dibtn cn nbbikgf

bkrrfbtn n flvir fg v uidn# f vgk hî fg cn eicnmnbin hntndfrk' Zkr vgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

Hngizvcnr bkg zncnorn nznikgndn gkf hi igtfgbiòg' Ovbk trnghitir ck ~vfigbfrn y ufrdndfrnhfgtf brfk ~vfhfrfbfhk# vg znè ~vf evgbikgf'

Znrn dfhktrnr bvngtk nhnhk n "Ufgfpvfcn gkmnbf enctn hkrir zkr fccn# igk uiuir bndn dèn cvbmngdkznrn hf`krnrcn' Zkr vgn Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

Cnhfgtnocfhfgtf dfdf mnbf tifhzk ifgtk cnenctn df igbfridnd fg ~vifgf mky# dfdf nhokcndk# dibfg rfzrffgtnr fc cidfrnplk'

^vifrk vg bnhoik df bkgbifgbin fg fc zvfock# fnhkigbfrk bkg fcck# ftf f vg ovfg bkhifgpk' Zkr vgn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

:?+:= :2+:= :5+:=:4+:= :6+:=NLK' :>+:=


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^vifrk ~vf ngtf df ~vf dfbidng flvir n vg cèdfr# n

vgn eickkeèn zkcètibn k vg vfþk dfzifrtfg yfhzifbfg n flvirf n è hihk'

_fecf}ikgngdk korf hfgn`frfbioidk ~vf ncflng ~vf fczrkocfhn f cn enctn df nhkr mnbinfc znè# ccflvé n cn bkgbcviòg ~vfgk f nè'

Rè mny hvbmk nhkr zkr"Ufgfpvfcn# zfrk nhnrgk ilgieibn ~vf ftfhkmnbifgdk ck bkrrfbtk# ncnhnr tnhoiég zkdfhkdnþnr'

Nzrfgdfr# ilvnc ~vf frrnr# f vgn nbbiòg gntvrnc ~vfgk mnbf hî mvhngk' Ck ~vf gk f gntvrnc f frrnrbkgtngtfhfgtf y gk fbvbmnr n ~vifg gk hvftrn

gvftrk frrkrf'

Znrn ~vf fc znè nungbfgfbfitnhk nbbikgfigtfcilfgtf n`vtndn ncn rfncidnd dfc hkhfgtky n cn gfbfidndfevtvrn' Zkr vgn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vfevgbikgf'

Gk bnhoinr gvftrn nbbikgf erfgtf n gvftrk frrkrf gk f igtfcilfgtf# ck ~vfgk mnbf mvhngk f cn gfbfidnd df fukcvbikgnr kbinchfgtf'

F hkhfgtk df dfzfrtnr# zfrk'''»Dfzfrtnr df ~vé; y »Znrn ~vé; »Dfvg vfþk; »Df vgn engtnèn; »Df cnrfncidnd k df cn zfndiccn;

Rflvir n vg cèdfr# vgn idfn k vgn eickkeèn zkcètibn igfgtfgdfr bkhzcftnhfgtf y ig rnpkgnr gk bkguifrtfg fgpkhoif'

Pkhoif# fg cn zfcèbvcn gk fgfþng n hntnrck eîbichfgtf# vgtirk fg cn bnofpn' Fg cn uidn rfnc gk ftîg fgfþngdk n brfnrck'

Gk ~vifrk frf uiuk fg bvfrzk y hvfrtk fghfgtf# ~vifrk vg gvfuk dfzfrtnr dfdf bndn vgkdf gkktrk' ®Dfzifrtn yn.

:<+:= :=+:= >5+:=>6+:=


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Ri hf zrflvgtng bkgidfrk ~vf dfofhk dfzfrtnrdf tkdn fccn' »Znrn ~vé; Znrn bkgtrvir vgnrfncidnd tktnchfgtf ditigtn n cn ~vf uiuihk'

>5+:=

^vifrk vg znè bkg vgn bkgbifgbin nbtiun# onndn fgvgn ufrdndfrn fdvbnbiòg bivdndngn' ®Dfzifrtn yn.Zkr vgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

^vifrk vg bnhoik df bkgbifgbin fg fc zvfock# f hkhfgtkdf dfzfrtnr' ®Dfzifrtn yn. Zkr vgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vfevgbikgf'

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Krk i un n mnofr fg vg evtvrk fg "Upcn' Fc krk gk un n Bmign# Ornic k

_vin' Rf ~vfdnrî fg "Upcn' Y frî hnc vndk bkhk tkdk ck dfhî'

®Dfzifrtfg yn. »Nbnk gk f dng bvfgtn; Rf ftîgzrfznrngdk znrn bfrrnr cn zvfrtn df "Upcn y znrnff hkhfgtk fc krk dfof ftnr ndfgtrk'

®Dfzifrtfg yn. Gk mny rfvoibnbiòg znrn fcck/Lkoifrgk‘' Gk vfg òck cn zniòg ~vf gvocn fczfgnhifgtk còlibk' Dfgf bvfgtn df ck ~vfftîg mnbifgdk y zkr ~vé'

®Dfzifrtfg yn. Ftîg nflvrngdk cnmnbifgdn bkg fc lngndk ndfgtrk0 zftròcfk#krk# higfrncf y frf mvhngk# ung n bfrrnrcn zvfrtn dfc znè'

Gk ung n zfrhitir vgn dfrrktn fcfbtkrnc# fcck /Lkoifrgk/

gk tifgfg rfvoibnbiòg y tifgfg ~vf tfgfr tkdk fg krdfgnc hkhfgtk df bfrrnr cn zvfrtn'

Cnhfgtk gk ufr vgnkcvbiòg n bkrtk zcnpk#cnhfgtk cn dfbkkrdignbiògdfc fevfrpk y ko`ftiuk df cnkzkibiòg znrtiditn'

>=+:=


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ZK_ VG GVFUK EVTV_K

Cnhfgtk ~vf fc evtvrk df 2: hicckgf dfzfrkgn fn tng gflrk' ®Dfzifrtn yn.

>9+:=

»^vé hf hkcftn; ^vftkdnuèn ck

"ufgfpkcngk tkhfhkfg orkhn y mnlnhkbmitf bkg cntrnlfdin ~vf gkvbfdfg'

Nyfr hf fgtè hvy hnc nc ufr bkhk fg cn rfdf kbincf ckufgfpkcngk mnbèng y mnbèng bmitf korf fc tfhn dfc krk'

_fbkrdé bkhk# fg fc znndk# nvgtk ihzkrtngtfevfrkg tkhndk ilvnc n /bmitf/' »^vé mny fg cngntvrncfpn df ck "ufgfpkcngk# ~vé gk mnbf fr nè;

Hi ccnhndk f0 rfbvzfrfhk fc znè y cndfhkbrnbin' Rfnhk frik fg fk ycvflk zkdfhk fr bmitkk'

Ck ~vf ftî vbfdifgdk f f}trfhndnhfgtffrik1 zkr enukr gk hî bmitf' Cn uidn df

hvbmk ftî fg `vflk# Rfnhk frik'

Bvctvrn# tkdk tfgfhk' Nhkr# cktfgfhk' Bkgbifgbin cn tfgfhk' »^végk enctn znrn bnhoinr rfnchfgtf; Zkrvgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

:6+:9RFZ'

^vifrk vg znè bkg vgnbkgbifgbin nbtiun#onndn fg vgnufrdndfrn fdvbnbiòg

bivdndngn' ®Dfzifrtnyn. Zkr vgn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vfevgbikgf'


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>4+:9

Vg nhilk hf bkgefòvgn ufp# ~vf v mi`kbkgvhèn drkln y~vf ck mnoèn igtfgtndktkdk ig rfvctndk'

Gk ~vifrk ccflnr n fgtirhf bkhk hi nhilk'Tfglk cn fzfrngpn ~vf mnorî vg rfvctndkzkitiuk znrn "Ufgfpvfcn'

_fbvfrdk cn ervtrnbiòg df hi nhilk y v fgtidk df bvczn' Rf fgtènrfzkgnocf zkr ~vf v mi`k mnoèn dfbididk dnþnr v uidn bkg cn drkln'

Ufgfpkcngk# fzfrk ~vf gk dfbidng dnþnr v uidn# yn gk f trntn df vg hnclkoifrgk# f trntn df ihzfdir cn zfrzftvidnd df vg rélihfg'

Dfofhk nbtvnr bkg ngtfcnbiòg znrn gktfgfr ~vf fgtirgk bkhk hi nhilk#bvcznocf zkr cn vfrtf df "Ufgfpvfcn'

>5+:9

»Bkg ~vé bkhznrnhkn gvftrk znè; »Bòhk~viiérnhk ~vf evfrn;»Bòhk ck kþnhk nevtvrk; »^vé cfbnhoinrèn;"^vifrkHiUpcn'

Fguènhf tv kzigikgf korf ck ~vfvfþn znrn Ufgfpvfcn' Ncihégtnhfbkg tv idfn korf cn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf~vifrf' "^vifrkHiUpcn'

Fbrèofhf korf ck ~vfnhn df "Ufgfpvfcn' Ritf uifrn ekrpndk n ncirdf tv znè# »^vé f ck~vf hî f}trnþnrèn;"^vifrkHiUpcn'

»^vé f ck zrihfrk ~vf mnrèn i tvuifrn fc zkdfrdf bnhoinr cn bkn fg "Ufgfpvfcn;

"^vifrkHiUpcn'

Vg znè ~vf ifhzrf mfhk diervtndk# zfrk nmkrn fn trnon`nr zkr "Ufgfpvfcn ( ®Fc < Kbt ?:>? f yn.


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Ck ~vf yk hî f}trnþk f0 hi zndrf# hi enhicin# hinhilk# vg ntnrdfbfr fg krifgtf# hi Uirlfg dfc Unccf"^vifrkHiUpcn'

F}trnþk vg bkrkbkrkeritk bkg bnnof# hifhzngndn# cnrfvgikgf bkg hinhilk# cn zcnyn# hi"Bnrnbn ~vf tngtk hfdik "^vifrkHiUpcn'

F}trnþk n hi "Ufgfpvfcn''' tkdn hi Ufgfpvfcn' Fzfrk ~vf `nhî tfglng ~vfirf y ~vf `nhî ifgtng ck ~vf ftky igtifgdk‥ "^vifrkHiUpcn

Mky hvbmk ufgfpkcn(gk ftnhk evfrn dfgvftrk mklnr#"Ufgfpvfcn' Ekrpndk n

uiuir fg dkgdf gk fgntvrnc znrn gkktrk'"^vifrkHiUpcn'

Hvbmn mitkrin df uidn f ftîg fbrioifgdkbkg fc dkckr df ftnr cf`k df gvftrn zntrin'

»Bvîc f tv mitkrin; "^vifrkHiUpcn'

Hvbmn enhicin ftîg diuididn ignofr bvîgdk ukcufrîg n fgbkgtrnrf'Ff gðhfrk igbrfhfgtn dèn n dèn'"^vifrkHiUpcn'

Fc hvgdk rfbkgkbf ck ~vf ftî hnc fg Upcn # zfrknc znrfbfr fg gvftrk zrkzik znè gk bvftnmnbfrck'

^vifgf ftîgnbktvhorndk n mnbfrfc hnc# gvgbn mnrîg fcoifg' Gk fzfrfhk~vf bnhoifg1 fcck gk ck

mnrîg‥ ®Mny ~vf~vitnrck.

»Zkr ~vé tkdk ck ~vf fbriok fgT|ittfr; Ftnr evfrn df "Ufgfpvfcn hfzfrhitf tfgfr vgn uiiòg gkbkgtnhigndn ~vf bkhznrtk bkg Vd'

?<+:9

»Bvîgdk unhk n rfnbbikgnr; »Bvîgtkhî unhk n nlvngtnr; »Bvîgtk hîdnþk dfofhk kzkrtnr; "^vifrkHiUpcn'


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NLK' ?5+:= RFZ' >?+:9

Mky zkr mky hf bvftn fgtfgdfr bkhk ck frfmvhngk gk nofg idfgtieibnr vg hnc lkoifrgk bvngdkcf tkbn cn zvfrtn'

»Zkr ~vé gkbkgekrhnhk bkgtngtn hifrin;#»Zkr ~vé gkfukcvbikgnhk;»^vé znn fg fchvgdk;

Gk f trntn df brffr ~vf vgk tifgfrnpòg y ck dfhî ftîg f~viukbndk®Gk.''' ®Ck ~vf ftî hnc# ftî hnc.

»^vé mny fg cn gntvrncfpnmvhngn ~vf gk df`nbkgekrhf bkg ck ~vf f uiufdèn n dèn;''' »Fg ~vé hvgdk cnhifrin f cn ðgibn kzbiòg;

Ri fg tv uidn nclvifg tf ~vitn cn ncvd# cn flvridnd# cn ciorf fdvbnbiòg# tvzrkzifdnd# tf zriun df zrkzfrnr''' »^vé mnrèn;

F tritf ufr bkhkcn ncvd fg"Ufgfpvfcn f mnuvfctk vg tfhnzkcitipndk dkgdf cn

uidn gk ihzkrtn'

Cn igernftrvbtvrn hédibn fg "Ufgfpvfcn f bnf nzfdnpk zkr~vf gk mny igtfré fg hf`krnrcn# yn ~vfgk iruf n giglðg eig zkcètibk'

F hî eîbic# y hf`krznrn ck eigf zkcètibkdf nclvgk# ccfunr n vglrvzk df fgefrhk nBvon ~vf trnfr f~vizkhédibk n "Ufgfpvfcn'

Rf ~vfdnrkg fg fc bnhigk trntngdk dfccfunr cn ncvd n ck onrrik' Fc zvfockdf "Ufgfpvfcn f ~vfdò ig fc bmiuk yig fc hfbntf'

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ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK ( >>

ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK

Ntfgbiòg fg brii fg 5 mkzitncf zkr enctn df hédibk figernftrvbtvrn' »Bòhk ccflnhk n ftf giufc;

>2+:9

Bkgbfgtrnrkg ck fevfrpk fg Onrrik Ndfgtrk znrnovbnr uktk' Ck nhovcntkrik gk ftîg nontfbidk yck mkzitncf f bnfg n zfdnpk'

»^viég rfzkgdf zkr ck mkzitncf ig~viròengk; »^viég nyvdn n cnhntfrgidnd ig igbvondkrn; »Nbnk ngndif cf dvfcf cn ncvd df hi znè;

Znrfbfg ftnr krdkdf nhok cndk n cklritk dfc ufgfpkcngkfgefrhk »^viég cf dn

vgn bnhiccn; »Nbnk nnclvifg cf ihzkrtn;

»Zkr ~vé tkdk ck ~vf bkhfgtk fg T|ittfr; Zkr~vf gktfglk dvdn df ~vf f nè' Gk ~vifrk gi hngizvcnr gifglnþnr# mny ~vf ftnr zrfznrndk' "Ufgfpvfcn'

?<+:9

Ck zkorf mky kg hnykrèn fg"Ufgfpvfcn y kg ck hî nefbtndkzkr ck zrkocfhn dfc znè# gvftrklrng zrkocfhn f cn zkorfpn'

Ck zkorf kg hndrf# zndrf# mi`k# ftvdingtf# trnon`ndkrf# giþk1 kg"Ufgfpvfcn' Fcck gk ftîg dizvftk n zfrdfr hî y hî'

Ck zkorf mky gk f ifgtfg rfzrffgtndkzkr cn kzkibiòg# gk mny vg dibvrk znrnfcck# gk mny zrkhfn# gk mny vfþk# gkmny uidn'

Cn kzkibiòg fbkgbfgtrn fg ck hnck~vf mnbf fc lkoifrgk yfc fgfhilk ~vf uf fg

éc' Fg fn lvfrrn ckbnf kcuidnrkg df ckzkorf'

»^vé f ck ~vf hî hf zrfkbvzn; Cn nvfgbin df cn ukpdfc zkorf' Gk mny bngdidntk df cn kzkibiòg ~vf rfzrffgtf

cn ukp df ck zkorf'



>? ( ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK

?<+:9 ?=+:9

Gk mny vgn ukp fg cn kzkibiògdkgdf fté cn fhkbiòg dfc evtvrk#

df cn uidn y ck vfþk' Cnfzfrngpn df ck zkorf# mky#ftî fg icfgbik'

Zkr fk f ~vf ck zkorf fg "Ufgfpvfcn flvirîgnzkyngdk n ftf rélihfg' Znrn ~vf fk bnhoif# mny~vf bnhoinr fc dibvrk k ck bngdidntk'

Fc gvfuk lkoifrgk df "Ufgfpvfcn gkzkdrî f}itir gi lkofrgnr df fzncdn nck zkorf' Fcck gfbfitng hî ~vfgvgbn fr fbvbmndk'

Yn ck zkorf nofg rfbkgkbfr fc hfgn`f igbfrk ygntvrnc# nofg rfbkgkbfr vg diernp df hncn zkcètibn#yn gk kg zfgdf`k' "Ufgfpvfcn'

Fg "Ufgfpvfcn flvihk brfyfgdk ~vf ck zkorf kg zfgdf`k' Rilng

f~viukbîgdkf' Ck zkorf kg igtfcilfgtf'

Cn enctn df digfrk krfbvrk fbkgòhibkgk mnbfg orvtk n gndif'Fc gk tfgfr rfnc gk tfmnbf orvtk' Ck zkorfgk kg orvtk'

Fc nþk ~vf uifgf ck zkorf y ck `òufgf tifgfg fcevtvrk df "Ufgfpvfcn fg v hngk' Ftîg df nbvfrdkfg ~vf gk mny fhkbiòg fg cn bnhznþn'

Nyfr mnocé df cn zkorfpn y df ckzkorf' Hf zrflvgtnrkg''' »Ck zkorfkg nlrndfbidk; _fzkgdè0 Rè y f zkrfk ~vf ck hngizvcng'

Ri tifgf n nclvifg zkorf nc cndk# gk kcuidf~vf éc dfbidirî fc evtvrk dfc znè' Gk f tvfgfhilk' Ri# n~vfcck ~vf ck vng' ®Nyðdnck.

ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK



ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK ( >2

ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBKHngizvcng cn gkocfpn df cn lfgtf zkorf# v nlrndfbihifgtkck dng n ~vifg ck nyvdn' Gk mny gndn hnck fg fk# fk fdilgk'

Cn igdilgidnd ftî fg~vifgf vng ffbkgkbihifgtk znrn

bkhzrnr bkgbifgbin ymnbfr ~vf lfgtf ovfgnbkhftn nbtk hnck'

Zfrk nclvgk dirîg# cn gfbfidnd kociln#y i f nè# fk tnhoiég f ufrdnd'»Zfrk ~vé zkdfhk mnbfr;»Rflvirfhk ifgdk zkorf ifhzrf;

Ck zkorf ftîg n~vè fg ftn dihfgiòg# n gvftrkcndk dèn n dèn' Hvbmn ufbf gk ck gktnhk# zvfhvbmk gk nofg ck ~vf f fr zkorf'

Cn hnykrèn nkbin fr zkorf bkg bnrfgbin df digfrk# zvf bkg éc kcvbikgng vgfbfidndf y ftf f fc bkgbfztk ~vf cf ihzkrtn nc zkorf'

Ré ~vf cn zkorfpn f nclk hî ~vf cn enctn df digfrk# zfrk znrn ck~vf gk tifgfg digfrk# ff bkgbfztk f fbvgdnrik'

Fcihignr cn zkorfpn df vg znè f tnrfn titîgibn# hvy eîbic df zrkhftfrzfrk gvgbn bvhzcir' Zfrk ilvf kgngdk oifg1 fc zrkhftfrck'

N tkdk f gk un cn cvp1 n tkdk gk rkong1 n tkdkgk fbvftrng1 tkdk ftnhk nefbtndk fg ftn Upcndf mky' »Bvîc f cn diefrfgbin;

Gk ~vfrfhk hî itvnbikgf df nglvtink igbfrtidvhorf# ~vfrfhk uiuir fg vg znèdkgdf cn zrfkbvznbikgf fng cngkrhncf dfc dèn n dèn'

Gk hî zibk(tfrrkr# gkhî lkczf df ftndk'Gk hî dibtndkrfdiernpndk dfdfhòbrntn# gk hîrvhkrf ntfrrndkrf'''®Gk hî hvfrtf.

:>+>:KBT'



>4 ( ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK

?4+>: ?6+>: :?+>>GKU'

Ck fruibik zðocibk0 cn ncvd# cn fdvbnbiòg# cn flvridnd# ftb‥ ®Tkdk ck ~vff rfzkgnoicidnd dfc lkoifrgk gvgbn mn evgbikgndk oifg.

Igdilgndk f fc gkhorf df tkdk ckupcngk' »Mntn bvngdk hî ftvdingtfhvfrtk; »Mntn bvîgdk ung n flvirhntngdk ck mi`k df Upcn;

Nzfgn fc îondk ftvuf rfvgidk bkg vg lrvzk dfftvdingtf ufgfpkcngk ccfgk df fzfrngpn yhvbmn ef zkr v znè# zfrk ®tifgfg ~vf uiuir.

Hi bkgdkcfgbin igbfrn n cn enhicindf @vgikr# hi bkgdkcfgbin n tkdk ck `òufgf ftvdingtf df Upcn' ®^vé Dikck zrktf`n. Nhég'

Gk nbnong bkg vgn uidn nc nbnonr bkg vg ftvdingtf# nbnong bkg fc evtvrk# cn efy fzfrngpn df vg zvfock rfzrffgtndk fg fcck'

®^vé dkckr ufr ~vf"Ufgfpvfcn# ifgdk vgznè tng ribk# fgbnofbfcn citn df znèf fgfc hvgdk fg tngtnîrfn gflntiun.

"Ufgfpvfcn f fc znè bkg cn igecnbiòg hî nctn fgtrfcn zrigbizncf fbkgkhèn dfc hvgdk# bkg vg ncpn dfzrfbik df ?=& ( Fk ftî hnc'

»Bòhk f zkiocf ~vf vg znè bkg tngtn ri~vfpnznf hî df < trihftrf bkgfbvtiuk ftngbndk y fgrfbfiòg; »Mntn bvîgdk;

"Ufgfpvfcn f fcznè hî bkrrvztkdf Rvdnhéribn'Rkhk ck >54 dfvgn citn df ><='»Mntn bvîgdk;

"Ufgfpvfcn fgbnofpn fc rngaigl df nfigntk dfNhéribn Cntign' »Bòhk `vtieibnhk tngtn uikcfgbin;»^vé zkdfhk mnbfr nc rfzfbtk;

ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK



ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK ( >6

ZKO_F ZNÈR _IBK

Fgtifgdk ~vf# bkhk bivdndngk# tfgfhk dfrfbmk' Ck ~vf gk fgtifgdkf zkr~vf ck "ufgfpkcngk gk gflnhk n f`frbfrck y n znrtibiznr'

Igbrfèocf bkhk ilvf cn igbkhzftfgbinlvofrgnhfgtnc fg "Upcn' Hî

higitfrik 8 Hî bkrrvzbiòg 8 Hfgkkcvbikgf kbincf 8 Bnk'

:<+>> :=+>>

Bndn higitfrik f vgnicn df zkdfr' Zrkgtkmnorîg hî higitfrikfg "Upcn ~vf icn fgCk _k~vf' »Bòhknzkynhk n vglkoifrgk nè;

Fc lkoifrgk df"Ufgfpvfcn gk mnccn bkhk znlnrbvktn df zkdfr n ~vifgf ck nzkyng y zfrhitfgv f}itfgbin' Znrn fk‥ hî higitfrik'

Cn igflvridnd f vg hnc ~vf uiuf tkdn kbifdnd yifhzrf un ftnr zrffgtf' Nmkrn# »zkr ~vé cnhnlgitvd df cn igflvridnd fg "Ufgfpvfcn;

Fgtifgdk ~vf# tkdk ck itfhn `vdibincf tifgfg enccn' Ck ~vf gkfgtifgdk f zkr~vf fc df"Ufgfpvfcn f vg enccn fg vtktncidnd'

Fgtifgdk ~vf# tkdk ck itfhn fdvbntiuk dfong nbtvncipnrf' Ck ~vf gkfgtifgdk f zkr~vf fg "Upcn f dfnbtvncipò unrin débndn'

Fgtifgdk ~vf# cn igernftrvbtvrn df ck znèf dfon frrfznrndn y hngtfgidn' Fgtkgbf# »Zkr ~vé fg"Ufgfpvfcn f dftrvyf bndn dèn hî;

Fgtifgdk ~vf# ck lkoifrgk ihzcfhfgtng bkgtrkcf fg cn kbifdnd' »Zkr~vé fg "Ufgfpvfcn ftk bkgtrkcf nei}ing n v bivdndngk;



>5 ( UFGFPKCNGKR RKHKR TKDKR

:>+>:KBT' ?4+>:

Ck `òufgf df mky# ck giþk# ck ndvctk y ck uif`itktnhoiég dfofhk vgirgk y fgtfgdfr ~vf –Ufgfpkcngkkhk Tkdk‘'

Df zngn# mny ~vf znrnr yn cn diuiiòg'

Gk ihzkrtn bmnuitn# kzkibiòg k GiGi# kbkhk ck ~vifrng ccnhnr0 Yk ck ccnhkufgfpkcngk'

»^vé f vg ufgfpkcngk; N~vfc ~vf gnbiò y uiuf fg Upcn# nè df ihzcf'»Fgtkgbf ck bmnuitn gnbifrkg fg Hnrtf; Fcck kg ufgfpkcngk'

Gk zkdfhk rfznrnr n Upcn k hf`krnr nc znè y ncitfhn ig igbcvir n tkdk' ®Upcn znrn tkdk df ufrdndufrdnd. Rig bvfgtk y ig enbtvrn'

Cn zrkhfn df vgiòg# dfzfrdòg k rfbkgtrvbbiòg dfvgn gvfun Upcn# dfofg frigbfrn y gk df ckdifgtf znrn nevfrn'

N~vè fc ~vf zrkhftn#tfgdrî ~vf bvhzcir' Gkhî hirkgf df znck'Nmkrn# ck ufgfpkcngkfg zkcètibn# gk khkzfgdf`k' Mnrfhk ~vf

bvhzcng'

Yn nofhk ~vf fc znèy fc lkoifrgk gkevgbikgng bkhk~vfrfhk y f}ilihkck ufgfpkcngk'Fgtkgbf‥ »^vétfgfhk ~vf mnbfr;

Dfdf bnhoinr cn ekrhn df bkhzkrtnrfdf ck ufgfpkcngk# mntn cn nbtitvd dfck fhzcfndk zðocibk'Tkdk fk mny

~vf bnhoinr' ®Rè f zvfdf.

Gk nbktvhornrf n vg znè dkgdf cn bkrrvzbiòg f fczng df bndn dèn »Zkr ~vé mny ~vf fr bkrrvztk;®Fk tifgf ~vf bnhoinr.

UFGFPKCNGKR RKHKR TKDKR



UFGFPKCNGKR RKHKR TKDKR ( ><

UFGFPKCNGKR RKHKR TKDKR

Gk ky df ck ~vf ilvfg dibifgdk ~vf cn bkn fg

Ufgfpvfcn kg nè y ~vf gk f zvfdfg bnhoinr' ®Rkydf ck ~vf nofg ~vf RI zvfdfg bnhoinr.

Gk dfofhk df fr bkgekrhitn bkg ck~vf kotfgfhk dfc lkoifrgk ®Dfofhkfr zfrhngfgtfhfgtf f}ilfgtf bkgbvnc~vifr lkoifrgk.

?<+>:

Ftn hnþngn ui fc uidfk df vgn gktibin ~vf dfbriof n"Ufgfpvfcn y ck ~vf uiufg ck ufgfpkcngk dèn n dèn'

Fc bnk df cn Rrn' Hfrbfdf tifgf ktrn bkggktnbiòg'Fccn y v enhicin evfrkg nnctndn fg v bnn y vfzkk hvriò zkr cn nglvtin bnvndn'

Cn Rrn' Hfrbfdf evf n unrikmkzitncf bkg v fzkk fg ovbn dfnyvdn hédibn#y gk cn bkgilviò# vfzkk hvriò' ®Zvfdf fr tv mitkrin.

Cn igflvridnd y cn enctndf fruibik df ncvd fvgfg znrn cklrnr vgntrnlfdin enhicinrufgfpkcngn fg Bkbmf'

®Mntn bvngdk. Ynontn'

^viifrn gk tfgfr ~vf cffr gktibin tngdfnlrndnocf fg cn hnþngn' Zkgfg fgzrihfr zcngk cn hifrin df cn "Ufgfpvfcn~vf mky tfgfhk'

^vf fc znè gk evgbikgf tifgf vg bktkrfnc fg uidn mvhngn' Dèn n dènznlnhk ff bktk bkg cn uidn df ck"ufgfpkcngk ®Ontn yn.

Gk é bvîgtn uidn hî f ung n zfrdfr fg "Upcnznrn ~vf f cklrf fc bnhoik gfbfnrik' Vg znè dkgdfmnyn `vtibin y flvridnd znrn tkdk' Rig hifdk'



>= ( FG FC ÎHOITK IGTF_GNBIKGNC

:>+>:KBT' :4+>>GKU'

Hifgtrn# gk tfgfhk zkr ~vé flvir znlngdkzkr tngtk znèf' Zngn fg cn bnn mnylktfrn# zrihfrk cn bnn y dfzvé ufrfhk'

Vgn uidn gkrhnc# fk ~vfrfhk# gk ftngtk zfdir' ^vfrfhk vg znè znrnuiuirck y diervtnrck' Ck dfhî ~vfuiung y diervtfg fc vyk'

»Zkr ~vé znlnhk zkrktrk znèf; Nmmm# zkrcn cnoin onrntn df vgzrkyfbtk cntigknhfribngk

dfc gvfuk kbincihk'

Mky gfbfitnhk dfmnbfrgk dfc zfk hvfrtk#-ktrk znèf)# y bkgbfgtrnr tkdk fg cn rfbvzfrnbiògdf Upcn'

Dvrngtf ftf nþk# y fc ~vf uifgf# hvbmk znèf df Nhéribn ftîgdfbidifgdk v dftigk' Ck zrkbfk fcfbtkrncf ftîg zkr dk~vifr'

Nrlfgtign# Hé}ibk# Gibnrnlvn# zkr gkhornrnclvgk# ftîg k mng znndk zkr fc zrkbfkfcfbtkrnc' Enctng ktrk fgtrf fcck "Ufgfpvfcn'

»Zkr ~vé mnlk mkyhfgbiòg df ck ktrkzrkbfk fcfbtkrncf fgNhéribn; Zkr~vf hf mf

dndk bvfgtn ~vf ditnghvbmk df cn igecvfgbinbmnuitn'

Mnbf vgk nþk ftnon oifg zrffgtfcn igecvfgbin dfc zrfidfgtf ufgfpkcngkfg cn bkgtifgdn fcfbtkrncf df ktrkznèf# mky gk f nè'

Ftnhk zrffgbingdk fc eignc df vg hnc bibck znrn"Ufgfpvfcn# hvbmk kzigng ~vf ftf hnc trnlk frn

gfbfnrik# zfrk fc bktk f nctèihk'

FG FC ÎHOITK IGTF_GNBIKGNC



FG FC ÎHOITK IGTF_GNBIKGNC ( >9

Nc znrfbfr Nhéribn mn cklrndk fznrnrf dfc zrkbfkrfukcvbikgnrik ~vf f ccfun n bnok fg "Ufgfpvfcn#ncuk zkr vgk zkbk znèf'

Fbvndkr# Okciuin# Bvon# kg vgk df ck~vf tkdnuèn ilvfg mnbifgdk ufgin nc

rélihfg ufgfpkcngk# kck zkr cnhngvtfgbiòg df cn bvnc lkpng'

Ck ~vf hfgbikgk mky f ihzkrtngtf# yn ~vf cn dfoicidnd~vf f hvftrn fg ktrk znèf dfc –Fefbtk Bmîufp‘ fftî tnhoiég igtifgdk fg "Upcn'

Hvbmk znèf ~vf ngtfftnong df cn hngk dfc rélihfgufgfpkcngk mky fhzifpng nhnrbnr ditngbin# yn kzfbmng

cn dfrrktn ~vf cf uifgf'

Gk zkdfhk df`nr znnr zkr nctk cnfþncf df dfrrktn df ftf rélihfg# ynnevfrn cf ftîg dngdk cn fzncdn# nc ilvnc~vf fg "Ufgfpvfcn'

Znèf ~vf "Ufgfpvfcn cf mn znlndk vrfbvzfrnbiòg fbkgòhibn# bkhk f fc bnkdf Nrlfgtign# mky ftîg fg fc L?:#

zrktnlkgipngdk'

Gndn fg bkgtrn df Nrlfgtign# zfrklrnbin n "Ufgfpvfcn f ~vf fcck mkytifgfg vgn trng~vicidnd fbkgòhibn# df~vf cf iruf fk n Upcn'

Gk zkdfhk fr df ck zrihfrk fgcitn gflrn y gi i~vifrn eilvrnr fg cknbvfrdk igtfrgnbikgncf ~vf mkydfeigfg cn fbkgkhèn hvgdinc'

Ktrk rftk hî znrn fc gvfuk lkoifrgk f rfbvzfrnr gvftrn ihnlfg y

zkibiòg fg fc îhoitk igtfrgnbikgnc# cn df mky gk nufrlófgpn'



?: ( –FRF GK FR HI ZFK‘# RKBINCBIRHK ZN_N FHZKO_FBF_

Rkbincihk gk f mnbfr hî zkorf n ckzkorf y gi brfnr fg fcck hî dfzfgdfgbinmnbin fc lkoifrgk'

>:+:= ?=+:9RFZ'NLK' :6+:9

Rkbincihk f ilvncdndznrn tkdn cn bcnf y~vf zkr hfdik df ckzrklrnhn kbincf ckzkorf tfglng cn kzbiògdf df`nr df fr zkorf'

_fzkgnoicidnd kbinc f ~vf cn nbbikgfdfc lkoifrgk ccfufg n cn bcnf hfgkzriuicflindn n bcnf hfdin' Zkr vgn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

_fzkgnoicidnd kbinc gk f kcnhfgtf lkofrgnr

znrn cn bcnf kbinc hfgk zriuicflindn# f lkofrgnrznrn tkdn cn bcnf kbincf zkr ilvnc'

Ovfgk''' ilvfg cn f}zrkzinbikgf'Ftn ufp cf tkbò n Bkgefrry' Vgn ufphf tkbò n hè# zfrk nc znrfbfr n gndifnefbtn kck nc dvfþk'

Fg "Upcn i fc lkoifrgkmnbf nclk hnck mnbinbvnc~vifrn# cn nbtitvd f/Ff gk f hi zfk /»Bvîgdk frî tv /zfk/;»Bvîgdk tf tkbnrî n ti;

Yk zfgnon ilvnc y gk hf igukcvbré'/Ff gk f hi zfk / di`f# zfrk hf tkbò nhè' Mky rfecf}ikgk zrkevgdnhfgtf'''

Nmkrn "Upcn f hi zfk'

Rflvirîg ~vitngdk y ~vitngdk bkg bvnc~vifr f}bvn uîcidn' Mng ~vitndk df tkdk'Mng ~vitndk ciofrtndf' "Ufgfpvfcn'

Bkhk zndrf# i ~vifrf fgfhitnr n dk mfrhngk# f

hvy eîbic' Dncf n vgk y nc ktrk gk# y ufrî fc rfvctndk'»^vé bcnf df zndrf f ff;

Bvngdk f}zrkzinrkg 2:fhikrn df rndik cnnbtitvd df ck /gknefbtndk/ evf0 –ff gkf hi zfk‘ y df`nrkg ~vfznnrn' "Ufgfpvfcn'

–FRF GK FR HI ZFK‘# RKBINCIRHK ZN_N FHZKO_FBF_B d t ZDURN c tit d d c /



–FRF GK FR HI ZFK‘# RKBINCIRHK ZN_N FHZKO_FBF_ ( ?>

?9+:9

Bvngdk tkhnrkg ZDURN cn nbtitvd df ck /gknefbtndk‘ evf –ff gk f hi zfk‘' F}zrkzinrkgn Cîbtfk Ck Ngdf y bkhk –ff gk f hizfk‘ gk ~vfdnhk df ornpk brvpndk ybkhk i gk znnrn gndn "Ufgfpvfcn'

Fg ftf hkhfgtk fc –ff gk f hi zfk‘f tifgf ~vf nbnonr' Gk ~vifrk ~vf ftéfg vg hkhfgtk tng ihzkrtngtf bkhk fc~vf ftnhk uiuifgdk'

Cn dfbiiòg dfc :<+>: –RI f hi zfk‘ ck tifgf ~vf fr'Gk `vlnhk fc evtvrk dfc znè' Gk hî –ff gk f hizfk‘ nmkrn "Upcn –RI f gvftrk zfk‘'

Bnhoifhk cn nbtitvd' "Ufgfpvfcn nmkrn –RI f hizfk‘ y tifgf ~vf fr fc tvyk tnhoiég' Nc f}zrkzinr fcFde' Cn Erngbin# hvbmk tkhnrkg cn nbtitvd –ff gk fhi zfk‘ y gk f mipk gndn'

F}zrkzinrkg fc Ntfgfk df Bnrnbn y bkhk –ff gk f hi zfk‘ gk ~vfdnhk dfornpk brvpndk y bkhk i gk znnrn gndn'

Y bvngdk f}zrkzinrkg n Bneé Enhndf Nhéribn cn nbtitvd df ck gknefbtndk evf0 –ff gk f hi zfk‘ y

df`nrkg ~vf znnrn'

Nc tkhnr fc Rnhoic df cn Bngdfcnrin hvbmktkhnrkg cn nbtitvd –ff gk f hi zfk‘ y gk fmipk gndn "Ufgfpvfcn'

Bnhoifhk cn nbtitvd' Ufgfpvfcn nmkrn –RI f hi zfk‘y tifgf ~vf fr fc tvyk tnhoiég' Zkr vgn "Ufgfpvfcn~vf evgbikgf'

Bvngdk f}zrkzinrkg ck f~vizk df_BTU cn nbtitvd df ck /gk nefbtndk/evf –ff gk f hi zfk' Nc f}zrkzinr fcMntk Fc Erik hvbmk tkhnrkg cn nbtitvd–ff gk f hi zfk‘ y gk f mipk gndn'

Cn dfbiiòg dfc <+>:–RI f hi zfk‘ ck tifgf ~vf fr' Gk `vlnhk fc evtvrk

dfc znè'Gk hî –ff gk f hi zfk‘nmkrn"Upcn –RI f gvftrk zfk‘'



?? ( –FRF GK FR HI ZFK‘# RKBINCIRHK ZN_N FHZKO_FBF_

?9+:9 ?6+>:KBT' ?5+>:

Fg ftf hkhfgtk fc –ffgk f hi zfk‘ f tifgf ~vfnbnonr' Gk ~vifrk ~vf ftéfg vg hkhfgtk tngihzkrtngtf bkhk fc ~vfftnhk uiuifgdk'

Cn dfbiiòg dfc <+kbt –RIf hi zfk‘ ck tifgf ~vffr' Gk ̀ vlnhk fcevtvrk dfc znè' Gk hî–ff gk f hi zfk‘nmkrn "Upcn –RI fgvftrk zfk‘'

Bnhoifhk cn nbtitvd' "Ufgfpvfcn nmkrn –RI f hi zfk‘ y tifgf

~vf fr fc tvyk tnhoiég' Zkr vgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

Nekrtvgndnhfgtf cn zkibiòg df –Gk hfihzkrtn "Ufgfpvfcn‘# f bndn ufp hfgkr' Hingmfck f ~vf n tkdk gk ihzkrtf ®Ri fzkiocf.

Fg Ufgfpvfcn# fc rélihfg mn zrkhkbikgndk yeigngbindk vgn dkbtrign /kbincitn/# bkg onf fg fcbnzitncihk y v igtrvhfgtk eigngbifrk'

Fc /kbincihk fbvîcidk/# bkhk ck mf

ccnhndk# f fc ngtnlkgihk fgtrf ck ~vffc rélihfg dibf fg hntfrin fbkgòhibn yck ~vf mnbf rfnchfgtf'

Gk f zvfdf rfznrtir ri~vfpn ~vf gk f}itf# y hvbmkhfgk ~vf gk f zrkdvbf' Ditn hvbmk fc bkgbfztkdf kbincihk df ck ~vf vbfdf fg "Upcn'

Fc dibvrk df ~vf ckzrkocfhn df ckufgfpkcngk ckkcvbikgnrèn fckbincihk f nlktò' Yn

gk ck brff gndif'Rkbincihk fbvîcidk'

Tkdk ck gfentk ~vf ftf lkoifrgk mn mfbmk fg hntfrin df kcvbikgf kbincf#òck mng dfnbrfditndk nc kbincihk fg fc îhoitk zkcètibk'

Fc /Rkbincihk Fbvîcidk/ dibf f}itirznrn bvorir gfbfidndf df ck hî

gfbfitndk' Rkck f vgn eîoribn znrnzrkdvbir hî gfbfitndk'

–FRF GK FR HI ZFK‘# RKBINCIRHK ZN_N FHZKO_FBF_



–FRF GK FR HI ZFK‘# RKBINCIRHK ZN_N FHZKO_FBF_ ( ?2

?=+>:

Ftky n enukr df vgn `vtibin kbinc znrntkdn cn bcnf# y ~vfv ihzcfhfgtnbiòg fnfefbtiun znrn tkdk'»Bòhk f ccnhn ftndkbtrign;

Fc /Rkbincihk Fbvîcidk/mn brfndk vgn gvfun bcnf

kbinc df zkdfrèk zkcètibk(fbkgòhibk dkgdf zrfuncfbfcn hifrin df ck unckrfmvhngk'

Fc /Rkbincihk Fbvîcidk/ gk ncihfgtn n gndif# òck nè hihk bkhk itfhn nvtkritnrik dfc mnhorf# tfhkr ycn hifrin df ck ufgfpkcngk'

Ri cklrnhk ~vf"Ufgfpvfcn evgbikgf cn

ftnrfhk unbvgngdkbkgtrn rflèhfgf bkhkfc nbtvnc' ®Nyðdnhf ncklrnrck.''' ZkrUfgfpvfcn'

:<+>>GKU'

Gk hf df`n df krzrfgdfr ~vf hvbmk ufgfpkcngkilng nzkyngdk ftf rélihfg' »Zkr ~vé; Mny ~vfccflnr n fcck y mnbfrcf fgtfgdfr'

Znrfbifrn ~vf cf mng cnundk fc bfrforkn gvftrk bkhzntriktn' »Bòhkzvfdfg flvir nc ernbnk y n cnzkorfpn; ®_fnbbikgfg y bnhoifg.

Cn dfefgn y kzkrtf dfc itfhn dfhkbrîtibk# bkhkv fukcvbiòg f iggkunbiòg znrn fc bkcfbtiuk# frî cnevgbiòg df ftf hf`kr bivdndngk'



?4 ( VGIÒG# NBBIKGFR Y EF

Zidnhk zkr vg bnhoik fgznp znrn fc oifg df tkdkCk ufgfpkcngk' Zkr vgn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

:4+:9

_klvfhk ~vf Dik gkzfrhitn ~vf cklrfg v zcng#~vf gk zfrhitn ~vf bifrrfgcn zvfrtn dfc znè'

Ovfg dèn hi "Ufgfpvfcn~vfridn‥ N vg dèn df cnbfcfornbiòg fg Krifgtf dfcn Uirlfg dfc Unccf‥ Mky cfzidk ~vf bvidf dfgkktrk'

?>+:=

Hngdfcn# bkg zncnorn df

zfrdòg mnbin ~vifgf ckzriunrkg df v ciofrtnd ykzrihifrkg n v zvfock# cklròvg bnhoik df lkoifrgk'

@fð# bkg zncnorn dfnhkr# cklrò dfzfrtnr nvg zvfock y cklrò vgnbkgbifgbin bkcfbtiunmntn gvftrk tifhzky hî nccî'

Zfrk fg fzfbinc rklvfhkznrn ~vf cn uidn df 2: hicckgfdf zfrkgn gk ~vfdf fghngk dfc hnc' Zkr vgn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

Lngdmi# bkg zncnorn df znp# cklrò cnciofrtnd df vg zvfock f ihzcfhfgtò vgnekrhn df hngieftnbiòg gk uikcfgtn'

Ufgfpvfcn‥gk hî kdik‥gk hîufglngpn‥gk hî kzrfiòg‥gk hîbrèhfgf‥mny ekrhn df bnhoinr igmfrir n tv mfrhngk' Rig hifdk'

Mky rfbkrdnon ~vf fg cn mitkrin df cn mvhngidndcn zncnorn fgiocf gk mnoèng cklrndkdfzfrtnr n vg zvfock# ncuk fg f}bfzbikgf'

Zidnhk mky bkg ef ydfukbiòg n Dik# znrn~vf bvidn y zrktf`n cnhnykr ri~vfpn df"Ufgfpvfcn /Ckufgfpkcngk/'

?=+:= :<+:9NLK' RFZ'

VGIÒG# NBBIKGFR Y EF



VGIÒG# NBBIKGFR Y EF ( ?6

Hi Uirlfg dfc Unccf‥ mky# n >::nþk df tv bkrkgnbiòg# bfcforktv dèn bkg tkdk hi nhkr y tfmkgrk bkg hi dfukbiòg n ti'

Mky tf zidk# hi Uirlfg dfc Unccf# ciorf n tkdk ckufgfpkcngk df ftf hnc /"Igflvridnd/ ~vf n dinriknbnon bkg v uidn'

Gvgbn zfrdfré cn efdf ukcufr n hi znè yzkdfr nyvdnr‥mkyfgbkhifgdk hibnhigk n ti‥hiUirlfg dfc Unccf'

®Efcip dèn# hi Uirlfg dfc Unccf.''' mky rfbvfrdk bkggktnclin uiitnr tv tfhzck# bvngtn dfukbiòg zkr ti'

Lckrikk Dèn df cn Uirlfg dfcUnccf‥ Tkdk dfhk lrnbin zkrv ofgdibikgf# zkr bvidnrgk# zkrnhnrgk# zkr zrktflfrgk‥ Nhég'

Mky tf zidk# hi Uirlfg dfc Unccf ~vf bkgnlrfn Ufgfpvfcn y zrktf`n bkg tv hngtk n ckufgfpkcngk‥ zkr vgn uidn hf`kr'

Ré ~vf bkhk hndrf gvgbn nongdkgn n tvmi`k‥ gkktrk# ck ufgfpkcngk fg tkdnznrtf# ftnhk on`k tv zrktfbbiòg‥ hiUirlfg dfc Unccf'

:=+:9

Mky tf zidk# hi Uirlfgdfc Unccf# zkr cn ncvddf tkdk ck"ufgfpkcngk'



?5 ( CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND

2:+:9

Mny tngtk ~vf mnbfr fg "Ufgfpvfcn ~bfcfornr cn fgefrhfdnd df nclvifgdfuèn cn ntfgbiòg y fevfrpk'Trnon`fhk zkr fcfunr gk zkr dflrndnr'

Fc bîgbfr gk kck dftrvyfnc fgefrhk# igk tnhoiég nv enhicin' Yk gk cfdffnrèn fk n gndif#gndif ck hfrfbf'

Mky mny dfhnindnbkn ~vf bnhoinr fg"Ufgfpvfcn# gkzfrdnhk tifhzkuncikk fg ftnrzfgdifgtf df cnfgefrhfdnd df vgnzfrkgn'

Ufgfpvfcn f hvbmk hî ~vf vgmkhorf y v fgefrhfdnd' F hkhfgtkdf df`nr fc hkrok y fgekbnrf fg ck~vf rfnchfgtf ihzkrtn# lngnr fc<+>:+>?'

Yk tfglk ? korfuiuifgtf df bîgbfr fg hi enhicin# hi zndrf# dfzròtntn y hi mfrhngn# df fgk' Gndif hfrfbf znnr zkr fk' Gk bfcforfhk cn bkn hncn#

fc hnc kck trnf hnc'Ov~vfhk cn bkn ovfgn

~vf "Ufgfpvfcn gfbfitn znrnhf`krnr'

Rnofhk ~vf vgn zfrkgncklrò diuidir# zfrk gk fnhkbkhk éc' Trnon`fhk dfufrdnd zkr cn vgidnd dfTKDKR ck "ufgfpkcngk'

Dffnrcf hnc n

nclvifg gk ftî oifg#gk f ck bkrrfbtk'Gndif dfof ncflrnrfzkr cn fgefrhfdnd dfktrk' Fk gk f ckbkrrfbtk'

Bkgbfgtrfhk cn fgfrlèn fg nyvdnr nck cèdfrf# fg dfbircf ~vf f ck ~vf mny~vf nrrflcnr y gk fzfbvcngdk korf vgnfgefrhfdnd'

RFZ'

CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND



CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND ( ?<

Rflðg cn fgbvftn# cngk nbbiòg lngn dfkorn' Cn gk

znrtibiznbiòg# fc –gk hfigtfrfn‘# fc –gk hfigukcvbrk‘' Fk gk ftîgoifg "Ufgfpvfcn'

Tkdk mfhk tfgidk n vg enhicinr k nhilk bfrbngk~vf mn zndfbidk df bîgbfr' »Tf ovrcnrèn df fcckfg fn bkgdibikgf; Gk# »ufrdnd;

Fc /yk gk evi/# fc /gk f hi

bvczn/# fc /gk é bòhkznò/'''kg f}bvn yhî f}bvn znrn `vtieibnr vgn zktvrnbòhkdn y cn –gk nbbiòg‘'

:6+>:

Ri nclk mny ~vf rfbcnhnr f cn /gk nbbiòg/# fk f entnc' Tkdn nbbiòglfgfrn vg rfvctndk# zkitiuk k gflntiuk'''zfrk vg rfvctndk ifhzrf'

Zfrk‥ »^vé gk gk ihzkrtf fc rfvctndk df cnnbbiòg k cn –gk nbbiòg‘; Fk gk ftî oifg' Fk gk fck bkrrfbtk'

Cn nbbiòg' Cn nbbiòg bkrrfbtn# cn igbkrrfbtn y cn gknbbiòg# mky ck "ufgfpkcngk cn ftnhktkhngdk# vgn hî ~vf ktrn'

Ovrcnrf dfc fgefrhk f vgnbkonrdèn# fn bvîc fn tvzrfefrfgbin zkcètibn' Tð frf hf`kr

~vf fk' Dfhktrfhk ~vfkhk diefrfgtf'

Zkr fc rfgbkr ~vf fgtihk zkr cn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vf yn gk tfgfhk#bnfhk fg nbtitvdf igmvhngn' ®Gkhî rfgbkr. ®RI n cn vgiòg.

Gk df`fhk df fr "ufgfpkcngk'^viég cf dffn hnc n ktrk cf un hnc'Bkgbfgtréhkgk fg ck ~vf mny ~ mnbfrznrn hf`krnr n gvftrn "Ufgfpvfcn'

KBT'

Gk ihzkrtn bvîc fn gvftrn



?= ( CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND

:6+>:

Cn idfn kcn gk cklrng bnhoik‥ckvfþk zkr i kck gk cklrng bnhoik'Tkdk dfof ftnr nbkhznþndk df cn–nbbiòg/' Nè i vbfdfrîg'

Cn ignbbiòg f vgndfbiiòg y bkhk tnclfgfrn bkgfbvfgbiny rfzkgnoicidndf'

Gk ihzkrtn bvîc fn gvftrnzrfefrfgbin zkcètibn‥gk ihzkrtnbkg ~vifg ftnhk df nbvfrdk' Ck~vf ihzkrtn f gvftrk /rkc/'

»^vé gk mnbf tfgfr vg rkc‥ vg ihzcf rkc fg ftk fufgtk ~vf fftîg dfnrrkccngdk; Hvy ihzcf0 / cn nbbiòg/'

Nyfr# fg vg nchvfrpk bkg vgnhilk df "Ufgfpvfcn écbkhfgtnon /mntn bvngdktngtn idfn y tng zkbnnbbikgf/''' Tifgf tkdn cn rnpòg'

Gk zkdfhk fr hirkgf dfznck fg ftf zrkbfk zkcètibk~vf dfbidirî gvftrk evtvrk'Cn bkn ftîg oifg efn »Rfzvfdfg zkgfr zfkr;

Vg rkc zrktnlògibkihzcibn rfzkgnoicidnd'Gk zkdfhk ftnr fg cnzfcèbvcn ig tfgfr vgznzfc k nclk ~vf mnbfr'Nbtvnr bkgrfzkgnoicidnd'

Fg cn hfdidn fg ~vf hî znrtibizfhk#hfgk zkdfr tfgdrî fc kzrfkr' Fcck `nhî frîg hî' Fcck ck nofg »Cknofhk gkktrk;

Ri nbtvnhk bkg rfzkgnoicidndy df bkrnpòg# igditigtnhfgtf dfgvftrn zrfefrfgbin zkcètibn# fcrfvctndk frî ̀ vtk y dfigbcviòg'

Nclk ~vf gvgbn dfofhk mnbfr f cn –gk nbbiòg/'Df n~vè fg ndfcngtf tkdk n znrtibiznr# tkdk‥nokcvtnhfgtf tkdk'




CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND ( ?9

»Hifdk n ~vé; N cn lvfrriccnvrongn df `òufgf"ufgfpkcngk fgtrfgndk fgBvon# znrn ntfgtnr bkgtrn ck

zrkzik ufgfpkcngk'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vfzifrdng cn fcfbbikgfdfc < df kbtvorf dfc?:>?# gk fgtrflvfg fclkoifrgk y f nrhf cn

nhznocfrn'

Dik ck ofgdiln# y rfbvfrdfg nvhir v rkc fgftn zfcèbvcn ~vf f ccnhn "Ufgfpvfcn' N~vè ck"ufgfpkcngk yn gk khk f}trn'

:5+>:

Dfofhk bkgukbnr n ck "ufgfpkcngk n nvhir ff rkc zrktnlògibkfg ck fufgtk ~vf f ftîg dfnrrkccngdk fg gvftrn "Ufgfpvfcn'

Gkktrk dfofhk fr rfzkgnocf yfgtfgdfr gvftrk rkc# nofr ~vf mny vg bktky gk tfgfr hifdk# ®Mny ~vf znrtibiznr.

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf ck bvongk igeictrndk dfcB? fg fc BGF y ktrk òrlngk dfc ftndk#noktffg cn fcfbbikgf y bvczfg n cn kzkibiòg'

Gk tfglk zrkocfhn nclvgk fgdfbircf cn ufrdnd nvg~vf vfgfn rflnþk' Zfrk i tfglk zrkocfhnbkg ~vf ~vifgf gk tfglngdibvrk hf bkzifg'

Gk zkdfhk flvir ifgdk /vgn dinrrfndf idfn y vg ftrfþihifgtk dfnbbikgf/ fk f ck ~vf mnbf fclkoifrgk# gk gkktrk'

Ngtf df flvir n vg cèdfr zkcètibk dfofhkdfeigir gvftrk rkc' Zrihfrk ilîhkgk n gkktrkhihk y dfzvé ck flvihk n éc' ®Rig hifdk.

»^vé zvfdf nvtnrgkhî df ck ~vf ynbkgkbfhk; N cnbkgbmvzngbin fgtrf cn

lvfrriccn bkckhoingn y fclkoifrgk ufgfpkcngk' CnEN_B f dvfþn dflrngdf tfrritkrik fg"Upcn'

Hi d é; N c L oi c c d c o d



2: ( CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf i tfhngieiftn fg bkgtrn dfclkoifrgk# tf f}zrkzifg tvfhzrfn y tkdk tvoifgf'

:5+>:

»Hifdk n ~vé; Ncdfnontfbihifgtk dfuèufrf# znþncf# bnrgf#zkcck# cfbmf# ftb' y ~vf fclkoifrgk kck rflncf n

~vifg ftî bkg fcck'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf fc Lkoifrgk bkhzrf fc nchn df ck zkorf dfUfgfpvfcn# bkg bkhidn# uiuifgdn y fcfbtrkdkhétibk# y nè# lngnr uktk'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf vfg fcdigfrk dfc ftndk znrn cnbnhznþn fcfbtkrnc y bkhzrfg ck~vf gk f lngnrkg''' fc rfzftkdf ck "ufgfpkcngk'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N frfgbnrbfcndk ig fr `vplndkigdfeigidnhfgtf# y n ~vf cnhnein df cn DIRIZ y BBZIBuiung df tv dflrnbin'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf fgck fbtkrf fg dkgdfgk ftég n enukr dfclkoifrgk# bkrtfg tkdkck dèn fc vhigitrkfcébtribk'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vftf rkofg fc bnrrk# n~vf tf ntrn~vfg fg cnbnccf# n ~vf tf hftngvg tirk zkr trf ckbmnk zkr vg ihzcfbfcvcnr'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf f hftng fg tv bnn#khftng n tv enhicin# uikcfg k hntfg n tv hv`fr yck dfcigbvfgtf gvgbn fng bntilndk'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf v flvidkrf fftég hntngdk fgtrf fcck# znrn ufr~viég f ~vfdn bkg fc zkdfr'

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vfdifrkg tngtk n ckhicitnrf ~vf nmkrn# i fcmkhorf hvfrf# f}itf fcriflk df ~vf lkoifrgfvgn `vgtn hicitnr'




CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND ( 2>

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf tfglnvg nbbidfgtf# ccflvf n vgmkzitnc y tf hvfrn fg cnfhfrlfgbin# zkr~vf gk mnygndif ~vifg tf ntifgdn'

Uky n znrtibiznr tngnbtiunhfgtf bkhk Dikhf ck zfrhitn ig hifdk'Nmkrn fzng ~vf gktfgfhk hifdk' ®VGIÒG.®VGIÒG. ®VGIÒG.

Cn ufrdnd# fg "Ufgfpvfcn# mn ftndk fbvftrndn zkrhvbmk tifhzk' Cn hncn zkcètibn f mn fgbnrlndk dffk y znlnhk vg nctk zrfbik0 fc znè'

Gk mny hifdk' Gk hîhifdk' Yn nofhk ck~vf ftî znngdk y gkdfofhk tfgfr hîhifdk''' »HIFDK N^VÉ;

>2+>:

Dèn n dèn ilvf cn cvbmn y gk dfof znrnr' Gk dfofhk dfbvidnrgk'"Ufgfpvfcn gk f vg tfhn dfc bvnc dfonhk novrrirgk'

Cn ufrdnd bni gvgbn ccfln bkhzcftn n gvftrkkèdk# cf ~vitng k cf zkgfg# ifhzrf mny nclðgigtfré df zkr hfdik' »Zkdfhk bnhoinr fk;

»Hifdk n ~vé; N ~vf tf ~vitfg n tv mi`k# n ~vfbifrrfg cn zvfrtn df "Ufgfpvfcn y gndifzvfdn ncir'

Cn fbcnuitvd zkcètibn ftî vbfdifgdkfg cn nvcn y fg fbtkrf zkzvcnrf df"Upcn# n trnué dfc ndkbtrignhifgtkzkcètibk dfc rélihfg'

»Bòhk ciofrnr n gvftrk `òufgf# n gvftrk mi`kdf cn nhfgnpn df cn fbcnuitvd zkcètibn; Dîgdkcfcn hf`kr mfrrnhifgtn0 ufrdnd y ciofrtnd'

Dfofhk fgfþnr n cn gvfun^ ié i c dib c d d; Nc b



2? ( CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND

Mky hvbmk ftnhk fgdfnbvfrdk bkg fc lkoifrgk df"Ufgfpvfcn' Nmkrn# bndn ~viég

tifgf v rnpòg y bndn rnpògrfzrffgtn vg lrvzk

:=+>>

®Fbcnuk df cn hfgtirn.Fg fk gk ~vifrfgbkgufrtir y bkgtrn fkftnhk cvbmngdk' Gkbrfng ~vf f}nlfrk'

®Fc rélihfg dfof bfnr.

lfgfrnbikgf n f}ilir cn ufrdndy gk nzcnvdir cn hfgtirn# gihvbmk hfgk n rfgdircf bvctk'

>2+>:

Ck lrvzk df igtfré ftîgzrffgtf fg fc lkoifrgk y fgcn kzkibiòg' Zfrk ck igtfrffdf ck "ufgfpkcngk# »^viég

ck rfzrffgtn;

Ftf rélihfg dnþò cnftrvbtvrnigtitvbikgncf df cndfhkbrnbin fg "Upcn#dnþò cn kbifdnd yngvcò cn ufrdnd y brfòvg znè df hfgtirn'

»Bòhk zkdfhk zrktflfr ngvfun lfgfrnbikgf ngtf cnhfgtirn zkcètibn ~vf ccfun n cnfbcnuitvd; Fgfþîgdkcf cnufrdnd' Cn ufrdnd rfnc'

Gk bvczk n ~vifgf mky fg dèn ilvfg nzkyngdk ncrélihfg# ~vipî tifgfg tngtk tifhzk vhfrlidkfg hfgtirn ~vf gk rfbkgkbfg cn ufrdnd'

Hi tfhkr f ~vf ilk fbvbmngdk df

hvbmk "ufgfpkcngk# ~vf gk~vifrfg nofr gndn dfc zrkbfk y ckfgtifgdk' ®Zfrk mny ~vf znrtibiznr.

»^viég ilvf nc ~vf dibf cn ufrdnd; Nc znrfbfrck ufgfpkcngk mfhk brfèdk biflnhfgtf fgcn hfgtirn' Fccn f ~vifg lkoifrgn mky n "Upcn'

»Bòhk zkdfhknyvdnr n cn ufrdnd;Hvy eîbic' Dibiégdkcn#dievgdiégdkcn yzfrhitiégdkcf lngnrfznbik' Bfrk nzkykn cn hfgtirn'

GKU'


Ck uif`k y ck ngncitn



CN NBBIÒG FR _FRZKGRNOICIDND ( 22

k f`k y k n n nzkcètibk dfdibng hî tifhzkn ngncipnr fc fefbtk Bmîufp yv fgefrhfdnd ~vfidfgtieibngdk fc zrkocfhn rfnc'

Hvbmk "ufgfpkcngk gk~vfrfhk nofr df zkcètibny nðg nè ~vfrfhk

bnhoik' Znrn cklrnr ~vf"Upcn evgbikgf# fc bnhigkf cn zkcètibn'

Fc Lrnc' Lòhfp y fc bkhngdngtf Bmîufp f uicvhorngbkhk dibtndkrf y bnvdicck df "Ufgfpvfcn' »BkrrfrîBmîufp cn hihn vfrtf df Lòhfp;

Df tv znrtibiznbiògdfzfgdf cn vfrtf dftkdk' Bkgkpbk tvrnpkgf znrn ftnrn~vfndk df cnzkcètibn# zfrk‥ ®Dncfvg bmngbf n "Upcn.

»^vé vbfdfrî bvngdk Bmîufp yn gk fté y gk lkoifrgf# y ig fhonrlk#ck zrkocfhn ilng f}itifgdk; »N ~viég unhk n bvcznr fgtkgbf;

Rflvihk brfyfgdk ~vf ckzrkocfhn df "Ufgfpvfcn y tkdkv hncf kg rfzkgnoicidnd dfvgn kcn zfrkgn' Gk f nè'

Ck bibck df cn mitkrin f rfzitfg hîgk ihzcibn vnr cn hihn rfbftn dfcznndk' Cn unrinocf dfc zrffgtfigbidfg fg fc rfvctndk'

>>+>>

Gk brfk ~vf cn mitkrinf rfzitn fg "Ufgfpvfcnbkhk bvngdk enccfbiò fcLrnc' @vng UibfgtfLòhfp' Frng ézkbnditigtn n cn df nmkrn'

"Ufgfpvfcn# tfrritkrik zkocndk' Bvngdk cn ftrvbtvrn df lkoifrgk gk evgbikgn fgvg znè znn n fr òck fk vg tfrritkrik zkocndk



24 ( DF FCCKR FR UFGFPVFCN

>2+:9RFZ' >6+:9:9+:=NLK' ?:+:=

vg znè# znn n fr òck fk# vg tfrritkrik zkocndk'

®Rfnhk frik zkr fc evtvrk. Mnorî vg ccnhndkrfzrffgtndk zkr cn `vufgtvd ufgfpkcngn ~vifgffrîg ck lrngdf ciofrtndkrf'

@vufgtvd df hi znè# ftvdingtf fg v hnykrèn# igevtvrk bifrtk1 kg vtfdf ~vifgf tfgdrîg fc zkdfr dfrfbvzfrnr fc znè znrn cn lfgfrnbikgf evtvrn'

Vtfdf cklrnrîg bkg é}itk cn dfrrktndfc rélihfg dibtntkrinc ~vf mky lkoifrgnn "Ufgfpvfcn'

®@òufgf df hi znè# dfzifrtfg yn. Y mnlng ~vf "Ufgfpvfcn dfzifrtf#bkgbfgtrfg tkdn v evfrpn fg vg kck ko`ftiuk /Ufgfpvfcn Ciorf/'

JLfgfrnbikgCiorf Ré ~vf cn lrng zniòg~vf hvbmk fgtihk zkr bnhoinr n"Ufgfpvfcn gk zfrhitf flvir kþngdkdfzifrtk' ®Mny ~vf dfzfrtnr.

®Ovfgk dèn. Nbmf~vfnr cn citn0Fzfrngpn -Rè)#Ukcvgtnd -Rè)#Fgtvinhk -Rè) yhvbmk''' Fgtkgbf# nbnhoinr n "Ufgfpvfcn'

Tkdn hi fzfrngpn ftîg bkg cn `vufgtvd ufgfpkcngn# kg fcck n~vifgf cf tkbn dfbidir fc evtvrk df

gvftrk znè'

@òufgf df hi znè# fc evtvrk cf tifgf lvnrdndk vglckrikk cvlnr fg gvftrn mitkrin# òck bkrn`f yuncfgtèn f ck ~vf gfbfitng'

DF FCCKR FR UFGFPVFCNHi mi`k tifgf >= nþk mky' Éc# nc ilvnc ~vf hvbmk`òufgf gk ufg evtvrk fg "Ufgfpvfcn mny ~vf



DF FCCKR FR UFGFPVFCN ( 26

`òufgf# gk ufg evtvrk fg "Ufgfpvfcn# mny ~vfbnhoinr ftn rfncidnd'

Cn evfrpn df gvftrn `vufgtvd zvfdfcklrnr ff lrng bnhoik# zfrk dfofg frlvindk bkmfrfgtfhfgtf'

Fc okbmigbmf zkcètibk nc ~vf dèn n dèn ftîg f}zvftk gvftrk `òufgf# ck ðgibk ~vf cklrn f brfnr bkgeviòg fg fcck'

Gvftrk `òufgf yn gk kg zfgdf`k ynftîg fdvbndk y tifgfg veibifgtfbkgkbihifgtk korf cn hncn zkcètibn'

Nc ftnr gvftrk `òufgf bkgifgtf dfcn hncn zkcètibn# gk zvfdfg nornpnrcn#gk zvfdfg df`nrf rfzrffgtnr zkr fccn'

Fcck# gvftrk `òufgf df mky fg dèn# tifgfg zcngtfnhifgtk zkcètibk hî

bfrtfrk korf cn gfbfidnd ufgfpkcngn'

Gk fbvbmnr n gvftrk `òufgf y gk tkhnrck fgbvfgtn f vg frrkr y vgn lrng ftvzidfp zkcètibn'

Cn hncn zkcètibn òck rfbkgkbf fczrktnlkgihk df ck `òufgf bvngdk gktifgfg ktrn kzbiòg y zkr ck lfgfrnc ckmnbfg tnrdf'

Ck znrtidk zkcètibkdfc znndk zfrdifrkgzrktnlkgihk nc gkzfrhitir n ck `òufgfnbfgdfr# mky tkdnuènf nè'



25 ( DF FCCKR FR UFGFPVFCN

>6+:9

Gk ~vfrfhk cn hncn zkcètibn df ngtf# df ftflkoifrgk' Gk ~vfrfhk ftf lkoifrgk# ~vfrfhk vgn"Ufgfpvfcn diefrfgtf' ®Ri f zvfdf.

Mf bkgkbidk `òufgf ndhirnocf yrfbioidk hfgn`f# ~vf rfzrffgtngdiefrfgtf lfgfrnbikgf df gvftrn"Upcn' N fcck hi hfgn`f df mky'

Jlfgfrnbikgciorf f vg lrvzk df `òufgf ~vfcidfrò# fg fc ?::<# fufgtk df lrng ihznbtk fg cnzkcètibn ufgfpkcngn# cklrngdk lrngdf bnhoik'

Jlfgfrnbikgciorf dfhktrò ~vf ck `òufgf ufgfpkcngkzvfdfg krlngipnrf ig cn znrtibiznbiòg df vg znrtidk

zkcètibk' ®Fk hf lvtn.

Jlfgfrnbikgciorf f vg efgòhfgk ~vfrfvctn dfc novk zkcètibk nc ~vf fkhftidn "Upcn y rfnbbiòg fzkgtîgfnccfgn df dilgidnd mnbin fccn'

Fg cn mitkrin df "Upcn # cnf}itfgbin df `òufgfkrlngipndk zkcètibnhfgtf igznrtidk zkgf df hngieiftk vrfzkgnoicidnd bkg fc znè'

@òufgf rfzkgnocf kg ck ~vfzvfdfg igukbnr y ccfunr n bnok ckbnhoik ~vf gfbfitn "Ufgfpvfcn'

>6+:9 KBT'

DF FCCKR FR UFGFPVFCN

Mky fg dèn hvbmk df ck cèdfrf df Jlfgfrnbikgciorf



DF FCCKR FR UFGFPVFCN ( 2<

dffhzfþng rkcf zkcètibk fg diefrfgtf znrtidk dfcn kzkibiòg' ®Fk hf lvtn.

Cn znrtibiznbiòg rfzkgnocf df gvftrk `òufgf fg cn zkcètibnf gfbfnrin f ihzfrntiun' N fcck hi nzkyk y ndhirnbiòg'

Mny ktrn lfgfrnbikgf fg "Upcn ~vf

kg znrtf df ftn mitkrin' Fcck tnhoiégftîg rfnbbikgngdk y dfofg znrtibiznr'®Fk f ck bkrrfbtk.

Ftî gnbifgdk# df ekrhn fzkgtîgfn# fg "Upcn vghkuihifgtk cidfrndk zkr `òufgf onbmiccfrf ~vfbvrng ck zrihfrk nþk vgiufritnrik'

Ftn lfgfrnbiòg dfbnhoik ilgieibn ~vffcck ftîg bkgbifgtfdf ~vf kg nlfgtf df

bnhoik y ~vf ftîgnbtiuk zkcètibnhfgtf'

Ck `òufgf df Jlfgfrnbikgciorf# df ftn lfgfrnbiòg df bnhoik# tkdk ck `òufgf df "Upcn ~vifrfg znrtibiznr fg fc bnhoik ®Ndhirk fk.

Lrnbin n tkdk ck `òufgf ufgfpkcngk ~vf mngdf`ndk n vg cndk v nvgtk znrn ntfgdfr cngfbfidndf nbtvncf ~vf rf~vifrf "Upcn'

Cn evtvrn lfgfrnbikgf rfbkrdnrîg y nlrndfbfrîg fc cflndk df ck ~vf mkycvbmng y ~vf df`nrkg znrn fc diervtf df tkdk' Nhég'

Jlfgfrnbikgciorf y ftnlfgfrnbiòg df bnhoikyn nofg ~vf dfeifgdfgcn ufrdnd' Rfngrfzkgnocf y dfgcktkdk zkr "Upcn ' ®Dikck ofgdiln.

Cn lrng fzfrngpn df bnhoik znrn "Upcn f cnbkgbifgbin zkcètibn y cn znrtibiznbiòg nbtiun df gvftrk `òufgf' Nè è unhk znrn ndfcngtf'

?<+>:

Fc lrng mkgkr dfti i



2= ( K_LVCCK DF GVFRT_N "UFGFPVFCN

^vifrk vg fevfrpk bkgtngtf ~vf gkzfrhitn n tkdk kotfgfr vg rfvctndk~vf zfrdvrf fg fc tifhzk y zvfdnfukcvbikgnr zkr fc oifg dfc znè'

>4+:=

Bvngdk ui n Erngbi Tfrîg fgJbncnbgg hf nlrndò cn hngfrngntvrnc y igbfrn bkg ~vff}zrfò v f}zfrifgbin zfrkgnc'

Mny hvbmn zniòg zkr"Ufgfpvfcn# zfrk gkmfhk rfilgndk n ~vf fcznè f zfrdiò y ck zkbk~vf tfgfhk f vg idfnconndk fg rfbvfrdk'

:5+:=

Ré ~vf cn zniòg dffgerfgndn~vf zkgfhk df hngieiftk fg"Ufgfpvfcn zkr "cnuigktigtk

gk vgf fg vgn kcn ukp'

Nc zkdfr ftnr bfrbndfc f~vizk ~vf mky gkrfzrffgtn znrn tkdk#gk fgtihkgvfunhfgtf vgidkbkg gvftrn zntrin'

Krlvcck# bkgtngbin# nzirnbiòg#dfukbiòg1 fn kg cnbvncidndf df "Cnuikgktigtk y dftkdk ck ufgfpkcngk' Zkr vgn"Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

Mky zkr mky mnbf enctn hî dfck ~vf ff dèn ui fg Erngbi# n~vifg gk bkgkpbkzfrkgnchfgtf# fg ck ~vfdibfg ccnhnrf cèdfrf y~vifrfg rfzrffgtnr nc znè'

Zfrk fn zniòg f dvzcibn fg ck ~vf# zkrdiufrn bnvn# gk zvfdfg ftnr fg fc znè ~vfvgn ufp evf v mklnr'

bkhznrtir bkg nhilkufgfpkcngk#"cnuigktigtk y cnevgdnbiòg Mi Aid hf mnmfbmk rfecf}ikgnr'''

>?+:=

Gk dfofhk bkgekrhnrgk bkg dnr fc

znè zkr zfrdidk y gk ~vifrk ~vf gvftrkfevfrpk zkr "Upcn fn ihzcfhfgtf zkrrfvctndk hkhfgtîgfk'

NLK'

K_LVCCK DF GVFRT_N "UFGFPVFCN



Mky ~vifrk bkhznrtir bkg vtfdf ck krlvcckk~vf ftky df hi mfrhngk Jmvnbnronrrndngkhigndk nc Lrnhhy Cntigk'

Ufgfpvfcn hfrfbf lngnr# ftnhk bkgtilk Ungfn'''evfrpn# mky rfzrffgtn n tkdk ck ufgfpkcngk fgHi Vgiufrk' Dik tf ofgdiln "lkhiupcnv'

Ungfn ftky vzfr krlvcckk df ti# tv fevfrpky dfdibnbiòg zkr Ufgfpvfcn# Dik tf ofgdiln'''®Frf Ufgfpvfcn.

K_LVCCK DF GVFRT_N "UFGFPVFCN ( 29

Hi mi`n Znhfcn hf étnzrflvgtngdk ~vf znò bkg HiUpcn Ungfn# ~vf frn cn hî

ofccn y »zkr ~vé gk ~vfdò; Yktnhzkbk fgtifgdk ~vf znò'

JKbnrDCfkg Ovfg uin`f#~vf Dik tf bvidf# frf"Ufgfpvfcn# nc ilvnc ~vfktrk ufgfpkcngk ~vff}itknhfgtf gkrfzrffgtng'

Hi mi`n Znhfcn ->2 nþk) vfþn bkhktkdn giþn bkg fr nclðg dèn HiUfgfpvfcn' Mky Ungfn rfzrffgtn ntkdn cn mi`n dfc znè "lkhiupcnv'

>?+:9><+:=

Efcip dèn''' tkdk zkrcn Uigktigtk# f vgf`fhzck df nhkr yzniòg zkr gvftrn"Ufgfpvfcn' ®Ri fzvfdf. ®N lngnr.

?9+:9>4+:9

\igi -hi znrf`n) ndkrn fcHi Upcn y fc HiVgiufrk# fccn hf fgfþò ck~vf rfzrffgtn znrn cnufgfpkcngn' Lrnbin Nhkr'"lkhiupcnv'

Mky ftky hvy efcip zkrMvnbnr# ®Uiun "Ufgfpvfcn.#bkhk yn f bktvhorf fguinréhi zfgnhifgtk dfc dèn'

RFZ'

Efcibitnbikgf nJkppiflviccfg zkr fr fc

®Efcip dèn. Ck ufgfpkcngk ftnhknzrfgdifgdk ~vf ck ihzkiocf gk f}itf'



®EfcibitnbikgfHilvfc. Lngò cnbkrkgn df ontfk fgLrngdf Ciln'

gvfuk hngnlfr df ckHnrcig df Eckridn' ®Oifgmfbmk mfrhngk. Lrngkrlvcck ufgfpkcngk'

4: ( K_LVCCK DF GVFRT_N "UFGFPVFCN

>?+>:

Cn Uigktigtk''' fc lrng krlvcck df"Ufgfpvfcn''' Efcibidndf n tkdk''' nflvir lngngdk''' ®Ri f zvfdf.

Hf`kr fhngn ihzkiocf' ®Trivgek. Trivgek znrn Ufgfpvfcn y nmkrntkdk nofhk ~vf gndn f ihzkiocf' ®N flvir lngngdk.

?9+:9

Zidk n Dik ~vf# df vgn ufpzkr tkdn# fgtfgdnhk ~vf gklngnhk gndn bkg ftnrdiuididk# ~vf cklrnhk hvbmkhî fg vgiòg' ®Ri f zvfdf.

Gk zvfdk df`nr znnr zkr nctk fc fufgtk df

nyfr y bòhk ftf f fc hf`kr f`fhzck df ~vfvgn Ufgfpvfcn vgidn ck zvfdf tkdk' ®Vgiòg."CnUigktigtk'

Dfzkrtf y zkcètibn kg keibik dfc mkhorf' Fgnhok# vgk fbklf vg f~vizk y gk f kocilndn cndiuiiòg' Rfnhk vg f~vizk vgidk zkr "Upcn'

>>+>:

Nyfr vgn zrvfon "CNUIGKTIGTK ®Ri fzvfdf. ®Vgidk ufgbfrfhk.

Mky f eftiuk fg "Upcn y f vhn cn bfcfornbiòg dfc trivgek df

"CnUigktigtk' Fzfrk# fg vg evtvrk# zkdfr bfcfornr fc trivgek dfc bnhoik'

KBT'

K_LVCCK DF GVFRT_N "UFGFPVFCN

Ngtfnyfr hvbmk zfgnrkg~vf frn ihzkiocf lngnrcf n



Ngtf df dffnrcf ovfgn gkbmf# cfrfbvfrdk ~vf ftnhk zrffgbingdk fcigibik dfc lrng bnhoik fg "Ufgfpvfcn'®^vf Dik ck ofgdiln.

N ck `òufgf dfzkrtitn# fc krlvcck df gvftrn "Ufgfpvfcnifhzrf fg fc dfzkrtf y cn zkcètibn' ®Efcibidndf zkr v cklrk.

K_LVCCK DF GVFRT_N "UFGFPVFCN ( 4>

Mky# hî ~vf gvgbn# é~vf ukcufrfhk n ftnrvgidk y ~vf uiuirfhkfg vg znè hf`kr' Zkrvgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vfevgbikgf' Nhég'

Mky ftky oifg bkgtfgtk zkr hvbmnrnpkgf' Cn evfrpn df ck zkiocf ftîzrffgtf fg "Upcn# ngtf ck k`k dftkdk ck ufgfpkcngk'

:>+>> >?+>>

Zfgfhk fg "Upcn bkhkzfgnhk fg "CnUigktigtk'''nhon kg Ufgfpvfcn'Dfffhk ~vf fccn lngf ynè lngnrfhk tkdk' Fcrélihfg dfof bfnr'

>6+>>

~vf frn ihzkiocf lngnrcf nNrlfgtign# y znò' Mky ktrkbrffg ~vf ck ufgfpkcngkgk zkdfhk vgirgk'®Znnrî.

Unhk# unhk "Ufgfpvfcn# i f zvfdf'''®N cn Bkg~vitn. Ornic ?:>4' Nhég'"UnhkUigktigk "UnhkUfgfpvfcnLkkkkkkkkkkkkkccc.

Efcip zkr fc rfvctndkdfc znrtidk "Upcn uBkckhoin >+>' Hvykrlvcckk zkr fcfevfrpk y bkgtngbindf gvftrn "UigkTigtk'Mnbin Ornic ?:>4'

GKU'

Eig df fhngn df "Trèzkci# "Cioin y "Lndnei -Dibtndkr)'''nglrf# hvfrtf# rflèhfgf dibtntkrincf' »Bvîgtn uidn

»^vé fzfrng fg "Ufgfpvfcn; »^vé tfglntngtk zkdfr bkhk "Lndnei; »^vé ccflvf nc



4? ( IGRFLV_IDND 8 DFRBKGEINGPN 8 IGFRTNOICIDND

NLK'

bvftn ciofrnr n vg zvfock;

Dvrngtf 4? nþk# »Dògdf ftnon cn "KGV ycn "KTNG; »^vé mnbèng hifgtrn fc zvfockdf "Cioin verèn;

Ri cn hncn fhiccn f ekrhnrn fg fc –zrihfr hvgdk‘»Cn df`nrèng ~vf tkhnrn tngtk zkdfr ~vf cf bktnrn fcznè; Gk ck zfrhitirèng'

»Bòhk brfbf fg zkdfrvg mkhorf bkhk"Lndnei; »^viég ckmnbf tng zkdfrkk ~vftfrhigng bktngdk vg

znè# ~viég ck zfrhitf;Fc hihk zvfock'

Bvngdk vgn fhiccn nè f fhzifpn n ekrhnr gndif ck gktn#zfrk >? nþk dfzvé è f gktn y è f nof'

z » lzvgtk ~vf zfrdnhk fc znè;

»Bvîgtk tifhzk

hî tfgdrî ~vfznnr znrn ~vf cn"KGV fzn ~vfmny vg dibtndkrilvnc n Lndnei fg"Ufgfpvfcn;

»Zkr ~vé ck df`nhk brfbfr tngtk; Ri cnhncn fhiccn f ekrhnrn fg VRN#Iglcntfrrn# Erngbin »Cn df`nrèng brfbfr;

»Zkr ~vé mny ~vf zfrhitir ~vf iln tkhngdk tngtkzkdfr; ^vifgf mky ck zfrhitfg# /fc zvfock‘# fn f cnnglrf ~vf onþnrn cn bnccf df "Ufgfpvfcn bkhkvbfdf mky fg Cioin'

??+:=

4? nþk fg fc zkdfr' »Bòhk vbfdfnclk nè; »^viég df`n ~vf vbfdn;

»Ngtf gndif noèn ~vf frn "dibtndkr ykzrihèn n vg zvfock;

IGRFLV_IDND 8 DFRBKGEINGPN 8 IGFRTNOICIDND



IGRFLV_IDND 8 DFRBKGEINGPN 8 IGFRTNOICIDND ( 42

F ihzkiocf df`nr df zfgnr korf ck ~vf vbfdf fgCioin' Tkdn cn uèn igekrhntiun ftîg ihzrflgndn

df ftf fufgtk'

Gk zkdfhk ihzcfhfgtf nokrofr cn igekrhnbiòg#dfofhk zrkbfnrcn y ~vf ftk nyvdf n tfgfr vgnhf`kr uiiòg korf ck ~vf f df gvftrk igtfré#Ufgfpvfcn'

Hf ihzrfikgn nofr ~vf fc zrkbfk dftrngibiòg y rf(bkgtrvbbiòg dfc znè khftfrî nczvfock n dvrn zfgn ndibikgncf n cn ~vf ynmng veridk dvrngtf 4? nþk'

Fc zvfock ufgfpkcngk frî khftidkvgn ufp hî n dvrn zrvfon ~vfbkgccfufg n cn rfbkgtrvbbiòg dfcznè' Cn ngifdnd gk tifgf znbifgbin'

?2+:=

Rflvridnd fg "Ufgfpvfcn f mn bkgufrtidkihzcfhfgtf fg vgn zncnorn hnc vndn zkrck zkcètibk znrn bnztnr flvidkrf# gkzvfdfg fgtfgdfrcn'

N vg nþk df cn hvfrtf df Erngacig Oritkrfbkrdfhk v cflndk# zfrk korf tkdkrfbkrdfhk ~vf mky mny hvbmk ~vfzvfdfg bkrrfr v hihn vfrtf'

»^viég zvfdfmnocnr bkgzrkzifdnd korf cnflvridnd;Ðgibnhfgtf cnuèbtihn ~vf kgcn ~vf mng zfrdidktkdk zkr enctn df cnhihn'

Hî uèbtihn khktkdk# ihzcfhfgtf gknofhk ~vf ftnhkfg cn bkcn fzfrngdkekrhnr znrtf df vgnftndètibn' ®Dfzifrtnyn "Ufgfpvfcn.

2:+:=

Ftn enctn df znbifgbin fg fc hkhfgtkbrètibk zvfdf cklrnr vg rftrkbfk y

zfrhitir ~vf vg rélihfg ilvnc k zfkr ncnbtvnc uvfcun n igtncnrf'

9:& df ck nfigntk gk f rfvfcufg#k fn# ck hvfrtk gndif ck znln' ®Ftk



44 ( IGRFLV_IDND 8 DFRBKGEINGPN 8 IGFRTNOICIDND

z l ®f "igflvridnd. ®»Ftnhk bcnrk;.Joobhvgdk'

2>+:=

Bndn hfdin mkrn nfigng n nclvifg fg

"Ufgfpvfcn' ®Ftk f "igflvridnd.®»Ftnhk bcnrk;. Joobhvgdk'

2'5:2 bndîufrf iglrfnrkg n cn hkrlvf df Ofcck Hkgtf fg ck ~vfun df nþk' ®Ftk f "igflvridnd. ®»Ftnhk bcnrk;. Joobhvgdk'

Fg fc ?:>: f ftihnrkg >4':::nfigntk fg "Ufgfpvfcn' ®Ftk f"igflvridnd. ®»Ftnhk bcnrk;.

Cn zrkyfbbiòg dfnfigntk dfc ?:>>fg Ufgfpvfcn f df>=':::' ®Ftk f

"igflvridnd.®»Ftnhk bcnrk;.

='9:: nfigntk bkhftidk fg fc zrihfr trihftrf dfc nþk' ®Ftk f

"igflvridnd. ®»Ftnhk bcnrk;. Joobhvgdk'

Cn "igflvridnd fg Ufgfpvfcn mn cklrndk ~vf ck hî uncikk dfc vgiufrk# cnuidn mvhngn# uncln hfgk ~vf vgk pnzntk k vg bfcvcnr'

Cn "igflvridnd f rkon hî ~vfko`ftk df unckr# f rkon cn ihnlfgzfrkgnc df cn uèbtihn y cn znphfgtnc df tkdk' Dfzifrtn yn'

Cn "igflvridnd f ftî rkongdk ck hf`krf nþk df gvftrk `òufgf' Dfofhk bnhoinr ftn rfncidnd' ®Dfzifrtn yn.

RFZ' :>+:9

Oribfþk Cfòg0 –Cnuikcfgbin cf dn fgtidk ncn uidn ig fgtidk‘fgtkgbf# i mny hîuikcfgbin mny hî uidnig fgtidk'


Cn "igflvridnd gk bkgkbfneicinbiòg zkcètibn' Fgtifgdng ~vf fcznè f gk fbnzn df cn hngk



IGRFLV_IDND 8 DFRBKGEINGPN 8 IGFRTNOICIDND ( 46

znè f gk fbnzn df cn hngkbkhk nrfgn' mttz0++k|'cy+5i@~_'

Fc bnhoik ftî fg bndn vgk df

gkktrk' @vgtk zkdfhk f}ilir vg eign cn "igflvridnd ~vf uiuf gvftrk znè'Zkr vgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf'

Cn "igflvridnd dfof df`nr df fr tfhn tnoð'Gfbfitnhk cn ufrdnd' "dfgcnbnrnmttz0++k|'cy+5i@pb'

Fc bcihn df "igflvridnd nbtvnc fg "Ufgfpvfcn f vndk zkr fc nbtvnc lkoifrgkznrn brfnr vg hngtk df hifdk y nè bkgtrkcnr nc ufgfpkcngk'

Cn "igflvridnd lfgfrn dfbkgeingpn fg fcufgfpkcngk' Ftn f gvftrn tritf rfncidnd' Dfzifrtnyn "Ufgfpvfcn mttz0++k|'cy+5`_yk'

Brfnr kzbikgf df vzfrnbiòg f cnðgibn hngfrn df fcihignr cn "uikcfgbinf "igflvridnd ~vf tifgf fbvftrndn nUfgfpvfcn'

:?+:9 :2+:9

Gndif ccfun ftndètibn df fbvftrk f}zré ~vf kbvrrfgbndn dèn fg "Ufgfpvfcn' »Zkr ~vé fc hifdk n fgerfgtnr cnigflvridnd df erfgtf;

Mntn bvîgdk ung n flvir vngdk cnigflvridnd znrn cklrnr kotfgfrflvidkrf' »K f ~vf nbnk fc dkckrf bnzitncipn;

<:& df ck zrfk fg Ufgfpvfcn gk mng znndk zkr fc `vtk zrkbfk gi mng idk fgtfgbindk' Ftk figflvridnd' ®Dfzifrtn yn Ufgfpvfcn.

»Bvîgdk unhk n rfnbbikgnr; »Bvîgtk hî unhk n

nlvngtnr; »Bvîgtk hî dnþk dfofhk kzkrtnr;"^vifrkHiUpcn'

Uidn f fc evtvrk ~vf~vifrk znrn gvftrn"Ufgfpvfcn gk ~vifrk

Cn ckbvrn hfgtnc y fczntibmk zkcètibk dfck ~vf rfzrffgtng nc



45 ( IGRFLV_IDND 8 DFRBKGEINGPN 8 IGFRTNOICIDND

Mky# hi hfgn`f f dfznp y kcidnridnd znrntkdk ck ufgfpkcngk fg

fc /Dèn Igtfrgnbikgnc df cnZnp/ "dinhvgdincdfcnznpmttz0++k|'cy+5NBob'

?>+:9

K`ncî cn uikcfgbin gk hntf n gndif mkyfg "Ufgfpvfcn' Zidk nrhkgèn znrn hiznè fg fc "DinHvgdincDfCnZnp"^vifrkHiUpcn'

>2: mkhibidik zkr bndn >::':::mnoitngtf‥ »^vé cf znn n hi Bnrnbn;Mky zidk vgn trflvn fg gkhorf dfc"DinHvgdincDfCnZnp "^vifrkHiUpcn'

Cn zrkyfbbikgf znrn ftf nþk kg df>='::: mkhibidik fg Ufgfpvfcn' GK ncn uikcfgbin' RI n cn znp' RI n cn uidn'"DinHvgdincDfCnZnp'

?>+>:

"Ufgfpvfcn# gk ~vifrkgndn znrfbidk n Cioin#khk ufgfpkcngk'®F gvftrk hnykr unckr.

Gk f zkiocf ~vf vgkck znè fg fc hvgdkenukrfpbn cndibtndvrn' Ufgfpvfcnkhk tkdk# gk òckvg lkoifrgk ~vf gkgk rfzrffgtn'

»N ~viég rfzrffgtn ftf lkoifrgk; »N tfrrkritn#n dibtndkrf k n ck ufgfpkcngk; Yn nofhk cnrfzvftn' ®Zkr fk mny ~vf lngnr.

Gndif fgtrf ck ufgfpkcngk f zvfdf znrfbfr nLnddnei# gi i~vifrn fc hî hncngdrk' Fk fgfentk' ®Rkck /Éc/ ~vifrf fr ilvnc.

Gndn ~vf vbfdn evfrn df gvftrk znè f# mky fg dèn# gvftrk zrkocfhn'

Yn tfgfhk VGK igtfrgk y oifg lrngdf' Rkcvbiòg0 ®Dfrrktnrck.

ck ~vf rfzrffgtng ncrélihfg# nufrlófgpngn ck ufgfpkcngk'®Bfcforfhk uidn gkcn hvfrtf.

»^vé znnrî bvngdk yngk ftég lkofrgngdk y fgfc hvgdk gk ~vfdfgdibtndvrn; Rkck cf~vfdn Ufgfpvfcn' F vzntrin tnhoiég' ®Bvèdfgcn.

KBT'


Ck znèf îrnof cklrnrkg v ciofrtnd n vg bktk hvy nctk Hvbmn uidn y



IGRFLV_IDND 8 DFRBKGEINGPN 8 IGFRTNOICIDND ( 4<

Ck znèf îrnof cklrnrkg v ciofrtnd n vg bktk hvy nctk' Hvbmn uidn yhvbmk nþk ig ciofrtnd' ®Gk znlvfhk ff zrfbik fg "Ufgfpvfcn.

Dkckr f ck ðgibk ~vflngng ck zvfockkhftidk zkrrflèhfgf bkhk fc dfCioin' Fg "Ufgfpvfcnmny VGK ilvnc# nè gkck ~vifrng nbfztnr'

Uidn y dfefgn# y znrtibizngdk yn# f

fuitnr vg evtvrk df hvfrtf fg"Ufgfpvfcn' Bfcforfhk uidn# y uidn fck ~vf tfgdrfhk fg gvftrk znè'

:?+>>GKU'

"Ufgfpvfcn fgbnofpn fcrngaigl df nfigntk dfNhéribn Cntign' »Bòhk `vtieibnhk tngtn uikcfgbin;»^vé zkdfhk mnbfr ncrfzfbtk;

9>& df ck dfcitkdfc znè ~vfdngihzvgf y cnihzvgidnd f cnhf`kr ncindn df ckbrihigncf'

:=+>>

Cn igflvridnd f vg hnc dinrik bkg fc ~vf fuiuf fg "Ufgfpvfcn# f vgn znrtf krlîgibndf cn kbifdnd' »Bòhk zvfdf fcihignrf;

Cn igflvridnd f vg hnc~vf uiuf tkdn kbifdnd yifhzrf un ftnrzrffgtf' Nmkrn# »zkr ~vécn hnlgitvd df cn

igflvridnd fg"Ufgfpvfcn;

Hî df <: fbvftrk f}zré vbfdfgfg Upcn tkdk ck dèn' F tng gkrhnc~vf yn gi ck hfdik trndibikgncfigekrhng korf fc tfhn'

>:+>>

Mny hvbmk ufgfpkcngk tkdnuèn uèbtihndfc fbvftrk# gk ck kcuidfhk' Mnyhvbmn enhicin zndfbifgdk zkr ftk'

Rig bkgtnr ck ufgfpkcngkfbvftrndk zkr ftfrélihfg# zriundk df vciofrtnd# ig dfrfbmk n `vtibin' ®^vf gk f kcuidf.

»Bvîc frî fc giufc dfbkhzcibidnd df ck bvfrzkdf flvridnd dfc lkoifrgkufgfpkcngk bkg ck

fbvftrk; ®Yk brfk ~vff}itf rfcnbiòg.

>?+>>

Bvngdk vgn fgbvftn f hnc vticipndn n ck ~vfbkgccfun f n vg okbmigbmf igekrhntiuk ~vfðgibnhfgtf lfgfrn hî bkgeviòg'



4= ( GK HÎR FGLNÞKR

:5+:9RFZ' :4+>:KBT'

ðgibnhfgtf lfgfrn hî bkgeviòg'

Cn fgbvftn# zkr v gntvrncfpn# gk

kg hî ~vf fc rfecf`k df vgn zf~vfþnhvftrn df cn rfncidnd' Cn fgbvftngk kg nokcvtn'

Dvrngtf >2 nþk fc zvfock mn idk hngizvcndk f}bfcfgtfhfgtf zkr fc hnc vkdf cn fgbvftn'

Bvngdk rfbioihkigekrhnbiòg onndn fgfgbvftn ~vf gk dngef df cn hvftrn y ck

znrîhftrk# cnigekrhnbiòg f ENCRN'

Cn fgbvftn hnc vticipndn brfng vgnencn fzfrngpn y bvngdk ccflng ckrfvctndk kck brfng hî bkgeviòg ybnk'

Rflðg dntk df hvbmnfgbvftndkrn# fc 2:&

ftî bkg fc keibincihk yfc ktrk 2:& bkg cnkzkibiòg''' »Y dògdfftî fc 4:& ~vf enctn;

Ff 4: &# »^viégf kg; »Dògdf uiufg; »^vé mnbfg;»Bòhk zifgng; »^vé bkhfg; »N dògdf ung; »Bòhkf uitfg; y hic zrflvgtn hî' »Zkr ~vé;

Bkhk fg "Ufgfpvfcn cf zkgfg vg gkhorf n tkdk# rfvctn ~vf fc 4:& kg ck–GiGi/''' ^viifrn fgtfgdfr ~vf ilgieibn'

Hf f}zcibng ~vf /GiGi/ f0 /Gi kg bmnuitn gi kgkzkibiòg/' »Fgtkgbf ~vé kg; Rkg "ufgfpkcngk#»Ufrdnd;''' Gk ck ccnhnré /GiGi/'

GK HÎR FGLNÞKRYk brfk ~vf ff 4:& ftî bkgekrhndkzkr ufgfpkcngk ~vf fg vg hkhfgtkevfrkg bmnuitn y tnhoiég evfrkg



GK HÎR FGLNÞKR ( 49

ykzkibiòg''' Brfk gk f~viukbnrhf'

Ff 4:& »^vé ck bnrnbtfripn; Nzntèn zkcètibn' »Zkr~vé gk ~vifrfg znrtibiznr; Zkr~vf ftîg dfbfzbikgndk#dfc lkoifrgk y df cn kzkibiòg'

Cn kzkibiòg cklrò dffgbngtnr n vglrng gðhfrk df ufgfpkcngk ncbkhftfr frrkr trn frrkr fgtrflnrkg fcznè fg ongdf`n df zcntn nc rélihfg'

Fgtkgbf ck dffgbngtndktngtk dfc lkoifrgk bkhk df cnkzkibiòg kg fc 4: & ~vfftî zfrdidk# zfrk ~vf gndifovbn yn ~vf gndif cf mnocn'

Gi fc lkoifrgk gi cn kzkibiòg tifgfg vg hfgn`f znrn ff 4:&' Zkr fk gk òckftîg dfbfzbikgndk# igk hvy hkcftk' Y gk f znrn hfgk'

Rkg ck ufgfpkcngk ~vf tifgfg ~vf znrtibiznr# dfofg fgtfgdfr ~vf vznè ck gfbfitn# ®F mkrn df dfbidir# fg cn kzkibiòg tifgfg cvlnr.

®^vé ukp. ®^vé lritk. ®^vé zncnorn. ®^vé hfgn`f.»Bòhk cklrnrîg dfzfrtnr cn fhkbiòg zkcètibn df ff4:&; »Bòhk nbtiunrck;

Fc 4:&''' »^vé ifgtfg y zifgng; »Bvîcf kg vervtrnbikgf; »Mng veridk ck lkczf dfc lkoifrgk yfc –gk rfzncdk‘ df cn kzkibiòg;

Ff 4:&'''i gk gk zkgfhkfg v pnzntk gk unhk nzkdfr fgtfgdfrck# y gkunhk n zkdfr brfnr vghfgn`f ~vf fcck fbvbmfg'

Ff 4:& gk ~vifrf flvir fbvbmngdk onvrn zkcètibn# hfgn`f unbèk igbkgtfgidk rfnc k vg dibvrk zkcètibk nlktndk df nhok ongdk' Dèn ihzkrtngtf' Mky dfgtrk df vg nþk

frîg cn fcfbbikgf zrfidfgbincf fg



6: ( GK HÎR FGLNÞKR

:4+>: :<+>:

Yn gk f vgn bkgtifgdn zkcètibn df nctvrn zkr vg znè~vf ck hfrfbf' F vgn bkhzftfgbin df ftvzidfbf

nzrfgdidn fg vg –Ciork df Zrkhfn‘'

Ff –Ciork df Zrkhfn‘ yn fc 4:& ck bkgkbf dfkorn# ftî ccfgk df kefrtn ~vf nhok ongdk gvgbn

bvhzcifrkg' ®Zkr fk fcck gk znrtibizng.

F hî uif`n cn ufrdnd ~vf cn hfgtirn-zrkhfn)1 zkr~vf cn hfgtirn f vgnencieibnbiòg df cn ufrdnd'

»^vifrfg ~vf ff 4:& znrtibizf; ®Fgtkgbfbnhoifg fc hfgn`f y oktfg fc –Ciork dfZrkhfn‘ n cn onvrn. Bkgtrvyng vg dibvrknvtégtibk'

®Mfy'''. Enctn vg nþk#bvégtnhf »~vé unhkn mnbfr;''' »Bvîc dfoffr gvftrk /rkc/ dvrngtfftf nþk;''' ®Bvégtnhf.

Gfbfitnhk vgdibvrk dfc bkrnpògbkg zniòg y ufrdnd zkrftn "Upcn ~vf tngtknhnhk ®Vg lritk ~vfrftvhof y dfzifrtf nck ufgfpkcngk.

Zkr~vf gk f ~vf gk~vfrnhk dfzfrtnr# f~vf cn rfncidnd f tnggflrn ~vf ~vfrfhkflvir nvfgtf#fgtkgbf‥ ®N bnhoinrcn rfncidnd.

Ck ufgfpkcngk# gkdfofhk kcuidnr ~vftfgfhk fc znè hîmfrhkk y bkg tkdngvftrn dfnufgfgbinkhk gkocf ylfgfrkk'

»Bòhk é tngtk dfc4:&; Yk frn vgk dffcck# y ck ~vf hf znòbnhoiò hi uidn' Nmkrn~vifrk bnhoinr cn uidndf ktrk y ~vf gkznlvfg fc bktk'

frîg cn fcfbbikgf zrfidfgbincf fgUpcn' Vg nþk znrn dnr tkdk ck ~vfzkdnhk zkr Upcn' Nhég'

GK HÎR FGLNÞKR

^vifrk ~vf cn zkcètibn



GK HÎR FGLNÞKR ( 6>

Vg nþk znn ukcngdk# gk df`fhk~vf ftf ihzkrtngtf nþk gk znfukcngdk ig zkdfr mnbfr ck ~vf

dfofhk zkr gvftrn "Ufgfpvfcn'®Znrtibizn.

Vg nþk znrn tfrhignr bkg ck hnck ~vf ftî vbfdifgdk fg "Upcn# zfrkznrn fk mny ~vf trnon`nr hvy dvrk' Gk frî eîbic zfrk f zkiocf'

»Dògdf uiufg ck ufgfpkcngk ~vf enukrfbfg nclkoifrgk; Brfk ~vf uiufg fg ktrn "Upcn''' k gk~vifrfg dnrf bvfgtn dfc dfntrf df znè'

>:+>: ?6+>: ?=+>: 2:+>:

Fgtfgdnhk tkdk ~vf tfgfhk ~vf igibinr vgzrkbfk df bnhoik igdiuidvnc# znrn ~vf cklrfhkbkgkcidnrgk kbinc y bkcfbtiunhfgtf'

Fc tifhzk znn y fc îgihk mny ~vf hngtfgfrck nvg~vfgk fn eîbic' Fc zkdfr igtihidn zfrk cn uncfgtèn ftî fggkktrk' ®Dfzfrtfhk.

Cn uncfgtèn ftî zrffgtf fg bni tkdkck ufgfpkcngk' Rfnhk `vtk#fnhk vgidk# fnhk mkhorf yhv`frf df ufrdnd' ®_fzftéhkgk.

Gk dfbngnré fg hi cvbmn gi fg fguinr hi hfgn`f' Bndn ufp ~vf vgnbkgbifgbin dfzifrtn f uidn gvfun y evfrpn gvfun znrn hè' Nhég'

^ ~ zfg "Upcn y ~vifgf cnf`frpng tfgln hnykrgiufc y dilgidnd y ~vfnbtiufg n tkdk n~vfcck~vf ftîg fg cn

notfgbiòg'

Cn ontnccn ~vf dfofhk dnr tkdk fg"Ufgfpvfcn f zkr dfrrktnr cnnotfgbiòg y voir fc giufc dfc dibvrkzkcètibk' ®F fc hf`kr igibik.

Hi lrng hkcftin fc dèn dfmky bkg cn kzkibiòg–zkcètibnhfgtf krlngipndn‘ Cn flvgdn `vlndn frî bvngdk



6? ( ®HFGKR BKGEVRIÒG Y HÎR VGIÒG.

>2+:9

Fc lkoifrgk nbn ufgtn`n df ck ~vf hîdftnbn fg cn kzkibiòg0 cn enctn dfvgidnd' Cn vgidnd fg cn HVD f cn lrnghfgtirn fg "Ufgfpvfcn'

Mky fc lkoifrgk ftîngvgbingdk vgn dfrrktnn cn kzkibiòg gkbkmfrfgtf# hncbrindnbkhk giþk df aègdfr#dkgdf fc `vlvftf f"Ufgfpvfcn'

_fbvfrdk ~vf znrn cklrnr vgnbvfrdk fg cn BkkrdigndkrnDfhkbrîtibn f tnrdnrkg hîdf = hff' Ck hihk znnrîmky bkg cn "HVD'

Cn tfrbfrn `vlndn uifgf nchkhfgtk fg fc ~vf cflitihnrîgnc rélihfg ngtf fc hvgdk bkg vgzrkbfk zfvdk(dfhkbrîtibk'

zkcètibnhfgtf krlngipndn"HVD f ~vf znrfbfg gkfgtfgdfr ~vf <'6 hff gkkg veibifgtf'

Cn flvgdn `vlndn frî bvngdkfbk`ng nc bngdidntk df cn kzkibiòg'Hngdnrîg n uktnr zkr fc bngdidntk hîeîbic df dfrrktnr'

Rv zrihfrn `vlndn mn idk ndfcngtnr cnfcfbbikgf' Fc "BGF ihzcfhfgtf f vgn

zifpn hî fg fc tnocfrk'

Nc ftnr nflvrndk fg fczkdfr# bnhoinrîggvfunhfgtf cn rflcn dfc `vflk znrn lnrngtipnr cnzfrzftvidnd dfc rélihfg

fg "Ufgfpvfcn'

RFZ'

®HFGKR BKGEVRIÒG Y HÎR VGIÒG.



®HFGKR BKGEVRIÒG Y HÎR VGIÒG. ( 62

Nc ufr cn rvfdn df zrfgn df nyfr df cn"HVD gk hf fgtè rfzrffgtndk#fgtifgdk fc fevfrpk' Zfrk gk ck ftîgmnbifgdk oifg'

^vipî f zrflvgtfg~vifg ky znrnbvftikgnr n cn "HVD'Rky òck vg ufgfpkcngk~vf ~vifrf fgtir ~vf

mipk tkdk zkrUfgfpvfcn'

Nc ufr n ck dirilfgtfzkcètibk df cn kzkibiògdngdk kzigikgf fgbvngtk n cn efbmn dffcfbbikgf# gk hf fgtèrfzrffgtndk zkr fcck'

>4+:9

Ufgfpkcngk# fzfrk ~vf gk dfbidng dnþnr vuidn# yn gk f trntn df vg hnc lkoifrgk# f trntn dfihzfdir cn zfrzftvidnd df vg rélihfg'

Gk ~vfrfhk flvir bkg ftf lkoifrgk# y n vgnþk y vg hf df cn fcfbbikgf# gk mny gndifuiiocf ~vf rfzrffgtf n ck ufgfpkcngk'

Fc rélihfg f}itf zkr~vf nè ckzfrhitfg' ^vifgf rfzrffgtngkzbikgf df bnhoik ilvfg fg cnuif`n zrîbtibn df cn hncn zkcètibn'

Ri ck cèdfrf fbvbmng# ung nrfecf}ikgnr y mnbfr bnhoik1 i gkfbvbmng# kck kg ovfgk znrnfc mk|# ngiufrnrik y ektk'

Cn lrng ufrdnd f ~vf gk tfgfhkvg cèdfr y fcck è' Gfbfitnhk vgcèdfr ~vf zvfdn mnbfr ~vf fcbnhoik vbfdn'

Cn lrng ufrdnd f~vf gk tfgfhk vgcèdfr y fcck è'Gfbfitnhk vg cèdfr~vf zvfdn mnbfr ~vf

fc bnhoik vbfdn'

Tfgfhk fc dfrfbmk dfdirilirgk n gvftrk cèdfrfzkcètibk y dfbircf ck ~vfbkgidfrnhk vg frrkr' Fgvftrk dfofr bkg"Ufgfpvfcn'

^vifrk vg znè nc ~vftkdnuèn zkdnhk ncunr#~vifrk zkdfr mnbfr tkdk zkr F `vtn cn dfbiiòg df cn BIDM korf



64 ( ®HFGKR BKGEVRIÒG Y HÎR VGIÒG.

>4+:9

Gk zkdfhk bnfr fg fc `vflk dfdiuiiòg dfc rélihfg' Ri lngnrnCfkzkcdk Còzfp bkg v itvnbiòg `vrèdibn nbtvnc frèn vgn dfrrktnngvgbindn'

Brfk rfzftvknhfgtf ~vf cn"HVD dfofrèn tkhnr ftk fgfrik y tfgfr vgn rfvgiòg fgtrfv rfzrffgtngtf y ntfgdfr fcbnk Cfkzkcdk Còzfp'

Dfofhk nbtvnr bkgngtfcnbiòg znrn gktfgfr ~vf fgtirgkbkhk hi nhilk#bvcznocf zkr cn vfrtfdf "Ufgfpvfcn'

Ftky fg bkgtrn df cn uikcnbiògdf ck dfrfbmk zkcètibk dfJCfkzkcdkCkzfp zfrk i ftîigmnoicitndk gk dfofrènznrtibiznr fg cn zrihnrin'

Zrvfon df evflk znrn cn HVD cndfbiiòg df cn BIDM korfCfkzkcdk Còzfp''' Dfofg dnr vgnzkyk tktnc y ig bkgdibikgf'

~vifrk zkdfr mnbfr tkdk zkrhi znè y kotfgfrrfvctndk' ^vifrk ftnrrfzrffgtndk' Cn "HVD dfofrèn df

zrkgvgbinrf korf fc bnk df

Cfkzkcdk# gk dfofrènhkzfrhitir ~vf cn fvekrin gvocfgvftrk `vibik'

F `vtn cn dfbiiòg df cn BIDM korfCfkzkcdk Còzfp# fzfrfhk ~vf fcLkoifrgk df Ufgfpvfcn ck ndhitn'

Ck ngvgbik /df ihzkrtngbin uitnc/ kg dfuidn k hvfrtf' Ufrfhk bkg ~vé ncfbvngdk uvfcun'

Cn bflvfrn zkcètibnf hncn' Zfrk zfkrnðg f fr lvindkzkr nclvifg hî

biflk ~vf tð'®"Ufgfpvfcn# norfck k`k.

>5+:9

®HFGKR BKGEVRIÒG Y HÎR VGIÒG.

Dfefgdfr gvftrk dfrfbmk f vgnRf ndfcngtnrkg cn fcfbbikgf zrfidfgbincf fg"U c t oi m d c



®HFGKR BKGEVRIÒG Y HÎR VGIÒG. ( 66

Dfefgdfr gvftrk dfrfbmk f vgnbkn# zfrk gk fgtfgdfr cn rfncidnd dfznè f ktrn# n dinrik ftf rélihfg fovrcn df tkdk gkktrk'

Vgn ufp ~vf bff ftf rélihfgzkdrfhk f}ilir `vtibin fg "Ufgfpvfcn'Hifgtrn# òck tfgfhk cn fzfrngpn y cn

ftnhk vngdk ®Lngnrfhk.

Cn "HVD dfof dfhktrnr# ig df`nr cvlnr n dvdn#~vf rfzncdn fc dfrfbmk df Cfkzkcdk Còzfp nbkgtnrf fg cn zrihnrin'

Dfofhk rfnbbikgnr bkghndvrfp ngtf ck ~vffgerfgtnhk' Fc/bngdidntk/ f "Ufgfpvfcny zkr fccn dnrfhk tkdk'Gk hî `vflk ®ftk f

frik.

><+:9

^vifgf ftîg nbktvhorndk n mnbfr fc hnc# gvgbn mnrîg fc oifg' Gkfzfrfhk ~vf bnhoifg1 fcck gk ck mnrîg‥ ®Mny ~vf ~vitnrck.

Gk unyn n bkgufrtirf cn "HVD fg vg zfvdkznrtidk zkcètibk –bklkccitn‘' Gk zvfdf dnrf fc cv`kdf zfrdfr brfdioicidnd ngtf ck ufgfpkcngk'

"Ufgfpvfcn# y ftf lkoifrgk gk mnbf gndn nc npnr'Fk tnhoiég dfofrènhk nofrck mky'

Gk ihzkrtn ~vifg# n giufcigtfrgnbikgnc# diln ck ~vf dfof fr `vtk fg "Upcn# ftf rélihfg kckf cihzinrî fc evgdicck bkg fk'

Cn hngfrn df bnhoinr n Ufgfpvfcn gk tifgf~vf fr cn df fr zrfidfgtf# tkdk zkdfhktfgfr vg rkc ihzkrtngtf y nzkrtnr nc bnhoik®Ziégfgck.

Cn "HVD f zrkgvgbiò df hngfrn hî

fefbtiun zkr fc ndfcngtk df cnfcfbbikgf ~vf zkr fc encck df cn "BIDMn enukr df Cfkzkcdk Còzfp'

Cn "HVD f kbvzn df vgn Cfy df Trngibiòg' Rfþkrfzrihfrk n lngnr fc < df kbt' Tkdk fc fevfrpkfgekbndk' Gk zifrdng bnrgndn fg nrdign'

®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin. Znrn ~vf ck bngdidntk ~vfd c i i



65 ( NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK

><+:9RFZ' >9+:9

Ri mny dibkrdin igtfrgn fg cn "HVD# cnhf`kr kcvbiòg f ndfcngtnr cnzrihnrin znrn gkuifhorf y zfrhitir ~vf

f bvfgtf n Cfkzkcdk'

Fc lkoifrgk dibf ~vf fc TR@ dfbidirî korf fc bnk df Cfkzkcdk Còzfp' Gk mnyfg "Upcn vg TR@' Mny vg lkoifrgk ~vf f`frbf tkdn cn evgbikgf'

Fc lkoifrgk dfof zrkgvgbinrffg fc bnk df Cfkzkcdk Còzfp#zfrk zrfeifrfg `vlnr n cnbkgufgifgbin y gkktrk ckflvihk''' ®Mntn bvngdk.

Cfkzkcdk tifgf ck hihk dfrfbmk ~vf ck zrfbngdidntk'^vfrfhk vgn "Upcn `vtn' Bkhfgbfhk dngdk fc f`fhzckfg cn HVD' ®N bnhoinr yn.

Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin nvhfgtnrèn cn zrkonoicidnd df trivgek' Bkgkbfr ck ngtf

zkiocf nc bngdidntk df cn "HVD frî ck hf`kr znrn tkdk'

gk zvfdng bkgtnrf fgtrf cn 6 zrihfrn kzbikgfhkrnchfgtf rfgvgbifg'

Cn zcngticcn df bngdidntk df cn "HVD ncn zrihnrin dfof rfdvbirf y ~vf òckf bvfgtfg ck ~vf rfnchfgtf tfglngzkioicidnd df trivgek'

Tngtk bngdidntk fgcn zrihnrin gk cklrngktrn bkn ~vf cnbkgeviòg fgtrf ~vifgf~vifrfg fc bnhoik'

"HVD'

Fc trivgencihk fg cn "HVD zkdrèn ilgieibnrcn dfrrktn y fc fgtifrrk df "Ufgfpvfcn n hînþk df ftf gfentk rélihfg'

NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK

®Ovfg dèn hi "Ufgfpvfcn ~vfridn. ^vf Dik ck

Ck "ufgfpkcngk ~vf~vfrfhk fc bnhoik dfofhkbkgkbfr ck ngtf zkiocf ncbngdidntk df cn vgidnd' "HVD'



NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK ( 6<

ofgdiln''' ck hf`krf dffk znrn ftf dèn''' Hf ungn ccnhnr cndiccn# zfrk tkdn cn fhngn ftnré bkg ftfkck tfhn ®Mny ~vf ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin. "HVD'

Ck zrkocfhn ~vf mky ntkrhfgtng n ck"ufgfpkcngk f zkdrîg kcvbikgnr vgn ufpbnhoif ftf lkoifrgk "HVD'

Zfrk znrn bnhoinrn ftf lkoifrgk mny~vf lngnr zrihfrk1y znrn lngnr mny~vf ®Ndfcngtnr cnzrihnrin. "HVD'

Vg bngdidntk ðgibk# vg kck hfgn`f# vg kck zcng#vg kck dibvrk# vgn kcn fzfrngpn‥ vg lrngbnhoik ®Mny ~vf ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin.

Rfcfbbikgnr y bkgkbfrfc bngdidntk df cn"HVD ngtf df eforfrkdf ?:>? origdn hnykrfkzkrtvgidndf dftrivgek'

Gk dfofhk zfgnr gi brffr ~vf bvnc~vifrn ~vf fzrffgtf bkhk bngdidntk df cn "HVD lngnrî ckbkhibik dfc < kbt' ®Gk hî frrkrf.

Gk cf ilnhk fc `vflk n ftf rélihfgig nofrck y ig dnrgk bvfgtn'Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin f cn hf`krkzbiòg znrn fc bnhoik' "HVD'

Gkktrk khk zrktnlkgitn bkg vg znzfc hvy ihzkrtngtf' Vfg cn evfrpn df

ftf hfdik' Fguèfg fc hfgn`f n cn "HVD ®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin.

?:+:9

»Bvîc f cn fzfrn i f ck ~vf tkdk ~vfrfhk; ®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin. Ftkf ck hf`kr y hî fgntk fg ftk hkhfgtk' "HVD'



6= ( NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK

?:+:9 ?>+:9

Rfrèn hf`kr ~vf ckfevfrpk y rfbvrk~vf ftîg vngdk ckbngdidntk df cn"HVD f vnrng fgvgk kck' ®Ndfcngtnrcn zrihnrin. "HVD'

Tngtn kzbikgf fg cn zrihnrin mngmfbmk df ftk vg birbk# i f ndfcngtngf nbnon fc birbk y gk zkgfhk frik'VG RKCK BNGDIDNTK' "HVD'

Mnp ~vf tv ukp fnfbvbmndn# rfzitf fchfgn`f ®Mny ~vfndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin.®F cn hf`kr kzbiòg."HVD'

_fbvfrdfg0–Hvbmn hngk fg cn kzn zkgfg fc bncdk hkrndk‘' F hkhfgtk dftfgfr vg kck bngdidntk fg cn "HVD ®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin.

®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin. f cn vlfrfgbin df tkdk y cn vrlfgbin dfc znè'»Zkr~vé gk fbvbmng cn ukp dfc zvfock; Cn "HVD gk tifgf ~vf fbvbmnr'

Gk f hkhfgtk df ovbnr bkgufgifgbinzfrkgncf# f ftîg `vlngdk fc evtvrk dfcznè zkr trntnr df tfgfr vg bnrlk'

Ri mny hvbmk bnbi~vf y zkbk igdik cn bkn gknungpng' Df`fg ck `vflk –bklkccitn‘# fc zvfock fck zidf' ®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin.

Ck zkitiuk df ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin f cklrnr vg bnhoik' Ck gflntiuk frî kckznrn fc lkoifrgk' ®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin. "HVD'

Tkhfhk fc bkgtrkc dfc `vflk' Cfungtfg cn ukp znrn df`nrnofr n cn "HVD ck ~vf ~vfrfhk ®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin.

NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK»Zkr ~vé ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin;Dfofhk bkgkbfr ~viég rfzrffgtnrîgvftrn fzfrngpn' »^viég; Mntnnmkrn gk ck nofhk' "HVD' Mky ~vifrk bkgtftnr cn



NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK ( 69

??+:9 ?2+:9

Fc lkoifrgk ndfcngtò –n `vrk‘ cn fcfbbikgf#»y cn "HVD; Nbmngtndn‥ ®_fnbbikgfg.

®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin.

Gk f vg ngtk`k' F vgn kzbiòg igtfcilfgtf ~vfdfeignhk nc bngdidntk ck ngtf zkiocf' Fc tifhzk fkrk y ck ftnhk dfzfrdibingdk' "HVD'

Vgn ufp hî# fc Zrfidfgtf cklrn ~vf tkdk hirfgmnbin dkgdf éc ~vifrf1 v fgefrhfdnd' Y gk ufhk ck~vf mnbfg znrn hngtfgfr fc zkdfr' "HVD'

Bkgbfgtrfhk cn hirndn y fgek~vfhk ck kèdk fg vg kck bngdidntkck ngtf zkiocf' Znrn fk mny ~vf ®Ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin. "HVD'

zrflvgtn0 »Gk frî ~vfcn "HVD uivncipn vgfbfgnrik fcfbtkrnc igBmîufp y zkr fk gkndfcngtn cn zrihnrin;

Igditigtnhfgtf ~vf fg fc fbfgnrikfcfbtkrnc df Kbt ?:>? fté k gkBmîufp# ifhzrf mnorî nclvifg ~vfrfzrffgtf cn bkgtigvidnd dfc rélihfg'

Rky dfc britfrik eirhf ~vf cn zrihnrin dfofg ndfcngtnrf# igditigtnhfgtf ~vffg fc fbfgnrik fcfbtkrnc dfc ?:>? fté k gk Bmîufp' "HVD'

Gvftrk bngdidntk df cn vgidnd gfbfitn fc hnykrtifhzk zkiocf znrn mnbfrf bkgkbfr y dnr n bkgkbfrv zcng df lkoifrgk' "HVD'

Vtfdf zfgnrîg ~vf hi kzigiòg kofdfbf n vgigtfré zfrkgnc' Gk ky df fk' Rkck ~vifrk ~vftfglnhk cn hihn kzkrtvgidnd ~vf fc lkoifrgk' Dfeigir n vg bngdidntk ck ngtf zkiocf f cn hf`kr hngfrn df bngncipnr

cn fgfrlèn' Rfþkrf df cn "HVD tifgfg ~vf ®Ndfcngtnr cn fcfbbikgf.



5: ( NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK

?2+:9

^vifrk ~vf gvftrk bngdidntk tfgln cnhihn kzkrtvgidnd' ^vf tfgln hnykr

tifhzk# y ~vf tkdk ck ufgfpkcngkzvfdng bkgkbfrck "HVD'

Gk gk gflvfhk n cn zkioicidnd df ~vf nbtvncfihzntipngtf dfc lkoifrgk zvfdng bnhoinr df kzigiògy uktnr zkr fc bngdidntk df cn vgidnd'

Igitk fg ~vf cnzrihnrin dfofg frndfcngtndn# n hfgk~vf f}itng fg cn"HVD igtfrffditigtk n ck ~vf ykhngieiftk'

Gk ~vifrk ~vf fnhk dfc zfgnr ~vf fc zrkocfhn òck fBmîufp' Gkktrk tnhoiég khk znrtf dfc zrkocfhn'

Fg "Ufgfpvfcn rfign cn igbfrtidvhorf' Mny ~vf dnrcf

bcnridnd nc zvfock' ®Dfeignhk vg bngdidntk ðgibk yn.®Ndfcngtfg cn zrihnrin. "HVD'

Ri df`nhk ~vf ifhzrf fn fc lkoifrgk~vifg hnr~vf cn znvtn fgtkgbf‥' »Gkftnhk bkcnokrngdk bkg fcck;

Rfþkrf# fc bngdidntk df cn vgidnd gfbfitn hîtifhzk znrn bkgufgbfr n ck ~vf nbtvnchfgtf gkftîg df gvftrk cndk' "HVD'

»N ~viég ofgfeibin gk ndfcngtnr cn zrihnrin; »N ck cèdfrf bkg

zkioicidnd; k »Nbnk n ck zkciti~vfrk ~vf ovbng vg zvftk;

Gk cf ilnhk fc `vflk nc lkoifrgk' Bkgtrvynhkgvftrk zrkzik bnhigk' Mny ~vf ®Ndfcngtnr cnzrihnrin.

NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK

Vg bngdidntk hî cngpn v bngdidntvrnn cn zrihnrin0 Cfkzkcdk Còzfp# bkgovfgn zkibiòg fg cn fgbvftn



NDFCNGTK DF Z_IHN_INR ! BNGDIDNTK ÐGIBK 8 T_IVGEK ( 5>

ovfgn zkibiòg fg cn fgbvftnnvg~vf tkdnuèn gk mnoicitndk'

Ftky df nbvfrdk fg ~vf Cfkzkcdk Còzfp mnln nbtkzðocibk y mnln zrfiòg znrn cklrnr ~vf rfzftfg vdfrfbmk n znrtibiznr zkcètibnhfgtf'

Ftky df nbvfrdk fg ~vf f cf f}i`n nc lkoifrgk korf ck dfrfbmk mvhngk#gk kck df Cfkzkcdk Còzfp igk df tkdk ck ufgfpkcngk'

Ftky df nbvfrdk fg~vf òck bngdidntk bkgufrdndfrn kzbiòg bkhkCfkzkcdk f bvfgtfg fg

cn zrihnrin# gk fzvfdf tnznr fc kc bkgvg dfdk'

Ftky df nbvfrdk fg ~vf ck bngdidntk ~vf gk tifgfggiglvgn kzbiòg# f rftirfg df cn zrihnrin y nèbkgbfgtrnrgk fg ck ~vf è zvfdfg'

Bkg ck ~vf gk ftky df nbvfrdk f ~vf dilng ~vf mny vgidnd fg cn "HVD' Mnyhvbmk df cn uif`n y hncn zkcètibn ~vf tfrhignrî mnbifgdk dnþk'

Bkg ck ~vf gk ftky df nbvfrdk f# ~vfck zfvdk cèdfrf ~vf mny fg cn "HVDbrfng ~vf gk rfzrffgtng y gi i~vifrnnofg ~vf ~vfrfhk'

?4+>:

Mny vgn lrng gfbfidnd zkr bnhoinr fc rélihfg# tngtngfbfidnd ~vf nc znrfbfr gk ihzkrtn ck ~vf ufgln#òck ihzkrtn ~vf bnhoif'

Fg fc ?:>? bvngdkekrhnc y keibinchfgtf flngfg cn fcfbbikgf# nzfnr df tfgfr cn



5? ( »^VÉ GK FRTNHKR UIFGDK;

Fc eig df fhngn ktvuf vg lrntkfgbvfgtrk bkg fc Rr' Zfdrk Hfgn#

"HVD Hinhi' Éc f}zvk zkr ~vé cn"HVD gk zvfdf ndfcngtnr cnzrihnrin'

Cn rnpkgf ~vf hf dik Zfdrk Hfgn kg tébgibn ytifgfg ~vf ufr bkg ck bvndfrgk fcfbtkrncf y vuilfgbin# zkr fk frîg fg "Efo?:>?

Fg bvngtk n cn bngtidnd df bngdidntk n cn zrihnrin# cn "HVD gk zvfdfmnbfr gndn' Cn igbkgbifgbin f df n~vfcck ~vf f ~vifrfg bkgtnr'

Ck bngdidntk ~vf rfnchfgtf tifgfg kzbiòg kg òck

4' Ri n Cfkzkcdk Còzfp ck mnoicitng# frèng 6' »Bvîcffrèng ck fbfgnrik;

Fcfbbikgf ig Bmîufp dfoidk n v fgefrhfdnd# »^viég ck rffhzcnpnrèn;»Ndîg# Hndvrk# @nvn''' ~viég; ^vifg fn# gk frî ovfgk znrn "Upcn'

»F ~vé nbnk gk ufhk oifg; Mny hvbmk trivgencihkfg cn kzkibiòg' Citk# ®Yn lngnhk. Gk f nè y fkofgfeibin nc ongdk bkgtrnrik' "HVD'

zfnr df tfgfr cnkzkibiòg tkdk fgbkgtrn# zkdrfhk dfbir®Lngnhk. "HVD'

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Cn dfrrktn fcfbtkrnc dfc ?:>? ~vf cf dfhk nclkoifrgk dfof fr bkgtvgdfgtf# ig cvlnr n bvftikgnhifgtk' "HVD'

?4+:9RFZ' ?5+:9

»^vé gk ftnhkuifgdk; Znrn lngnrmnbf enctn bkgukbnr ckuktk ®bmnuitn. »^vé



»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Cn zktvrn dfc nctk hngdkhicitnr mnbifgdk ck ~vf fn znrn ktfgfr fc rélihfg'®Gk mny "ENO fg cn kzkibiòg. "HVD'

»^VÉ GK FRTNHKR UIFGDK; ( 52

ftnhk mnbifgdk znrnfk; "HVD'

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Cnzkioicidnd df ~vf fng dfrrktndk y gkfgtrflvfg fc lkoifrgk' Rnofg ~vf gktifgfg cvlnr fg cn gvfun "Upcn'

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Cn dfzfgdfgbin fbkgòhibndf Bvon lrnbin n "Upcn' Ck bvongk mnrîg ck ~vffn znrn gk zfrdfr fk' "HVD'

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Cn igfrbiògdf ck hicitnrf bvongk fg cn evfrpnnrhndn df "Upcn' »Zkr ~vé y znrn~vé; "HVD'

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Cn zrffgbin df ck hicitnrf Irngèf fg cn evfrpn

nrhndn df "Upcn' »^vé zcngf rfncf mny fgtrf Irîg y Upcn;

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Vg gnrbk(lkoifrgk ~vf fngtvnrik df zrktfbbiòg n ck bnrtfcf y znf flvrkdf ditriovbiòg »Ung n zfrdfr fk;

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Cnlvfrriccn vrongn nrhndn# fgtrfgndnfg Bvon y "Upcn zkr cn "EN_B# znrndfefgdfr ftf gfentk rélihfg' "HVD'

»^vé gk ftnhk uifgdk; Ck lkoifrgk dfzfgdifgtfdfc nbtvnc rélihfg0 Gibnrnlvn# Okciuin# Fbvndkr‥ fcck

ung n dfefgdfr v igtfrff' "HVD'

Gk f zvfdf zfdir# n vgn igtitvbikgf znrbincipndn#~vf dfeifgdng ck rfvctndk dfc ?:>?# k fn# fcck gkung nyvdnr' Gk f}itfg' "HVD'



54 ( CN VGIDND FR CN ÐGIBN KZBIÒG

?5+:9RFZ' :9+>:KBT'

»Zkr ~vé dilk tkdk ftk mky; Y enctn hî brénghf'Fgtfgdnhk ~vf gk mny rnpòg znrn fc trivgencihk'Mny ~vf dnrck tkdk zkr "Upcn' "HVD'

Cn bkhzcf`idnd# n cn ~vf hf rfeifrkznrn fc ?:>?# cn zkdfhk rfvhir fgvgn kcn zncnorn' ®Bnk. Dvrf zkbk khvbmk f ®Bnk.

Tkdk ck fbfgnrik ~vf mf ngncipndk znrn fc ?:>?tfrhigng fg bnk' Mny ~vf zrfznrnrf' Cn f}ilfgbinfrîg hî nccî df ck zfgndk' "HVD'

Fgtfgdnhk ~vf ftnhk fg vgnlvfrrn# nvg~vf gk fbvbmfhk ckbnþkgf' Fg vgn lvfrrn mny hvfrtk ycn lvfrrn f lngng k f zifrdfg'

Cn rfgvgbin df Jkncznp n cnzrihnrin# hngtfgfrf dfgtrk df cn"VGIDND y trnon`nr zkr fccn# f vg lrng

f`fhzck n flvir'

N Jkncznp cf ~vfdn ufcnr zkr cn igtflridnd df cn"HVD y rfzrffgtnr fg fccn cn dilgidnd df ckufgfpkcngk'

Nzrfbik cn zkibiògigtfcilfgtf y zkcètibnhfgtfhndvrn df Jkncznpbvngdk rfbkgkbf cnnhfgnpn df ck igtfrffznrtiditn'

Gk zkdfhk zfrdfr ftn lvfrrn'Ftnhk dizvftk n dnrck tkdk zkr"Ufgfpvfcn' ®Rè f è. Mnlîhkck oifgznrn fuitnr hvfrtf fg ungk'

CN VGIDND FR CN ÐGIBN KZBIÒG

Cn fgbvftndkrn dng biern y fk gk f f}trnþk# zfrk ck ~vf i hf f}trnþn# fcn igtfgbiòg df uktk ~vf nðg tifgf fc lkoifrgk n enukr' Fc dibvrk df ck bngdidntk n cn

i i i ic c



CN VGIDND FR CN ÐGIBN KZBIÒG ( 56

Fc trivgek dfc :< dfkbtvorf f ihzkrtngtf#zvf ciofrnrî n "Upcn yn tkdn Nhéribn df vgbîgbfr zkcètibk ~vfdftrvyf kbifdndf'

Cn "HVD f cn ðgibn kzbiòg znrn zkdfr dfrrktnr nc

lkoifrgk' Rè# zfrk mny ~vf nþndir ktrk fcfhfgtk'Enctng y kg ihzkrtngtf'

_fzitk# cn ihzntèn ~vf ifgtn zkr nclvifg gk ckbncieibn znrn hngf`nr fc znè' ®Rihzntipngtf dfclkoifrgk# rfecf}ikgfg korf v rkc.

Cn "HVD# ihzkrtngtf y erîlic n cn ufp#ntrnuifn itvnbikgf ~vf cn zkgfg fgzfcilrk# bkhk yn mn vbfdidk ngtf'®Fk gk zvfdf znnr.

Gk hî igtfrff znrtiditn gi hî dfbfzbikgf fg "Upcn' Cn fzfrngpnftîg fg ck cèdfrf df cn "HVD' ®Gk uvfcung n f~viukbnrf.

Cn "HVD f rfzkgnocf df nbifrtk y ernbnk# zfrktnhoiég ck khk ck ufgfpkcngk ~vf ~vfrfhk fcbnhoik' Znrtibiznr f fr rfzkgnocf'

_fbkgkpbk cn lrng cnokr ~vf mnbfg ckbngdidntk n cn zrihnrin y cn "HVDznrn lngnr' Gfbfitnhk tv nyvdn'®Znrtibizn# f tv dfrfbmk.

zrihnrin f ihicnr y gk rfzrffgtn nctktnc df ck ufgfpkcngk' Cf enctn hîbnrîbtfr f igbcviòg'

Hngtfglk fg nctk cn hktiunbiòg mnbin fc zrkbfk# n zfnr df ck ~vftfgfhk fg bkgtrn' Rfré brètibk y igbfrk# fgekbndk fg cn uibtkrin'

>:+>:

N zfnr df cn tritf rfncidnd ~vf mky uiuf "Ufgfpvfcn hngtfglnhk cnhktiunbiòg y bkgtnhigfhk n ~vifgf gk ck ftîg' Zrkhkunhk fc bnhoik' Hvbmk dirilfgtf

zkcètibk df cn kzkibiògftîg zrfkbvzndk ~vfcvflk dfc lrng fevfrpk



55 ( CN VGIDND FR CN ÐGIBN KZBIÒG

Hi hfgn`f y kzigikgf gk ftîg bkgtnhigndk dfhfgtirn zkcètibn1 bfrk hngizvcnbiòg1 ufrdnd zkrUfgfpvfcn' ®FRTK FR CK ^VF MNY.

Nbcnrngdk# gk ftky bkg fc lkoifrgk y gk ky znrtf dfcn HVD' Ftky nbtiuk zkcètibnhfgtf zkr "Upcn# erngbk yn enukr df ~vf bff fc rélihfg'

Ktrk lrng f`fhzck dn mky fc bngdidntk ncn zrihnrin Bénr Zérfp nc rfgvgbinr ydfdibnrf n bvidnr n cn vgidnd# ~vf ftîoifg rf~vforn`ndn'

Hî nccî df cn "HVD# brfk fg cn lrng gfbfidnd dfvgiòg df ck ufgfpkcngk# zfrk mny ~vifgf ftîg `vlngdk n ~vf gk fn nè'

Cn zkcètibn gk f tng mkgftn# f ncihfgtn df ck vfþk df cn lfgtf# znrn ~vfftk dfzifrtfg y f dfg bvfgtn ~vf kg vndk'

Fc zvfock ifhzrfdfzifrtn tnrdf ktfhzrngk' Tfgfhk ~vfdfzfrtnr n cn hnykrèn

df ck ufgfpkcngkznrn ~vf nvhng vrfzkgnoicidnd'

Gndif tifgf ~vf rfzrffgtnr hi nhkr y zrfkbvznbiògzkr hi znè' Rf ck ~vf ~vifrk y ck ~vf gk ~vifrk' ®Ftflkoifrgk tifgf ~vf nbnonr.

zkr cklrnr cn "HVD fbmkrrff'

Bni tkdk ck dèn bkgukbk n cnvgiòg fgtrf ck ufgfpkcngk y zkrfgbihn df igtfrff igdiuidvncf kznrtiditn' ®Fc bngdidntk f "Upcn.

>:+>: >>+>:

CN VGIDND FR CN ÐGIBN KZBIÒG

R c >? d e o ?:>? R



CN VGIDND FR CN ÐGIBN KZBIÒG ( 5<

Ri cn "HVD ccflnrî n enccnr# gi Dik ck ~vifrn# »N ~viégung n bvcznr fcck y n ~viég unhk n bvcznr gkktrk;»^vé ilvf dfzvé dfc ?:>?;

Mny ~vifgf brffg ~vf fc mnhorf dfzkdfr ftî mnbifgdk ftrnlk fg cn"HVD' Gk tkdk ngdng fg fn kgdn'Ròck ck hnck'

Fc znrtidk Nbbiòg Dfhkbrîtibn f fchnykr y hf`kr krlngipndk df cnkzkibiòg' Rig v bkrrfbtn y dfoidnznrtibiznbiòg# frî ihzkiocf lngnr'

Ck ~vf ufg n _nhk Nccvz bkhk vgn nhfgnpn znrnck igtfrff df ck ufgfpkcngk# znrfbfg bkgkbfrcfoifg' Gk tfglk fn vfrtf'

Cn mitkrin f noin y cn df "Upcn ftî ccfgn# dfdf v igibik mntn ftk dèn#

df trnibikgf# fglnþk y bkgzirnbiòg' »Rilvf ifgdk nè;

Rf nbfrbn fc >? df eforfrk ?:>?' Rfdftnzng cn bnrtn y f rfufcng ckbvndrk' Fg vg dèn# ND ngvgbinrî vbngdidntk n cn zrihnrin'

Unhk df zkck n zkck' Cn zrihnrin f zkcnripng fgtrfBnzricf y Zérfp' Cvflk ufgdrî ktrn zkcnripnbiòg fgtrffc lkoifrgk y cn kzkibiòg'

Ck ~vf vbfdn df n~vè nc >? df efo f uitnc znrn"Upcn' Ck igdfzfgdifgtf frîg zrktnlkgitndfbiiuk fg cn fbklfgbin dfc bngdidntk'

Fgtrf frrkrf# nbifrtk#ovfgn igtfgbikgf#dibvrk ovfgk yhnck# ck bngdidntk ncn zrihnrin ftîgmnbifgdk v hf`krfevfrpk'

>4+>:

Fg cn hfdidn ~vf gvftrn znrtibiznbiòg fn rfzkgnocff igtfcilfgtf# tfgdrfhk fc rfzftk df ck cèdfrfzkcètibk' ®Nè tifgf ~vf fr.

Ftky fg bkgtrn df cnuikcnbiòg df ckdfrfbmk zkcètibk dfJCfkzkcdkCkzfp' Zfrki ftî igmnoicitndk gk



5= ( HI BNGDIDNTK FR UFGFPVFCN

>=+>:KBT' >9+>:

Dfofhk ftnr hkbn ~vf giglvgk dfck ~vf ftîg fg cn "HVD f bvndrf bkg

fc lkoifrgk y gk fbmf vgn trkgbk ,forkhn' ®Ftfhk ncfrtn.

Gk ftnhk mnbifgdk ftf lrng fevfrpk znrn ~vfnclvifg# bkg igtfrff zfrkgncf# ufgln n erflnr n ckufgfpkcngk ®Gk ck unhk n zfrhitir.

Yk zrkbvrnré fguinrncfrtn# zkr i fzrfgdfg cn ncnrhnkorf trnibikgfzkcètibn fg cn vgidnd'

Fc ~vf fn# tfgdrî ~vfncir'

Cn gvfun nbtitvd df bvidnrgk vgk n ktrk zrkdvbirî vg hf`kr bkhzkrtnhifgtkfg ck cèdfrf# norîg ~vf ftnhk hî ~vf zfgdifgtf'

i ftî igmnoicitndk gkdfofrèn znrtibiznr fg cnzrihnrin'

Gk zkdfhk bnfr fg fc `vflk dfdiuiiòg dfc rélihfg' Ri lngnrnCfkzkcdk Còzfp bkg v itvnbiòg `vrèdibn nbtvnc frèn vgn dfrrktnngvgbindn'

Brfk rfzftvknhfgtf ~vf cn "HVDdfofrèn tkhnr ftk fg frik y tfgfr vgnrfvgiòg fgtrf v rfzrffgtngtf yntfgdfr fc bnk Cfkzkcdk Còzfp'

HI BNGDIDNTK FR UFGFPVFCNDfofhk rfnbbikgnr bkg hndvrfp ngtfck ~vf fgerfgtnhk' Fc /bngdidntk/ f"Ufgfpvfcn y zkr fccn dnrfhk tkdk' Gkhî `vflk ®ftk f frik.



HI BNGDIDNTK FR UFGFPVFCN ( 59

Cn fgntfp y hndvrfp df ck cèdfrfzkcètibk f mnbf zrffgtf' Ktrkf`fhzck f fc df Ngtkgik Cfdfphn# ~vfbkgidfrk mipk ck bkrrfbtk'

Vgn ufp ~vf bff ftf rélihfg zkdrfhk f}ilir `vtibin fg "Ufgfpvfcn' Hifgtrn# òck tfgfhk cnfzfrngpn y cn ftnhk vngdk ®Lngnrfhk.

Ngtkgik Cfdfphn dfhvftrn v bkgdibiòg dfftnditn' Cn "Ufgfpvfcn df hnþngn ck gfbfitn y é~vf un nyvdnr bkg fgtfrfpn' ®Efcibidndf.

Cn zrihnrin dfofg fr vg fufgtk df hî}ihn nctvrn zkcètibn y zvcbrk fg vrfvctndk# fc f`fhzck n flvir fg "<Kbt?:>? ®Dèn dfc trivgek.

Nbtitvdf y dibvrk bkhk ck df Ngtkgik Cfdfphn#mnbfg ~vf rfbvzfrfhk cn ef fg ~vifgf cidfrnrkg cnzkcètibn dfc znndk fg "Upcn'

Ck cèdfrf zkcètibk dfcznndk dfofg nofrfgbnrnr v zrktnlkgihkfg cn mitkrin y fg ckmfbmk nbtvncf' Fk fcf un n nlrndfbfr'

:>+>>GKU'

Zkr eig# fc >? df eforfrk norfhk ~viég gk un n rfzrffgtnr n ck ufgfpkcngkfc < df kbtvorf y nè cklrnr fc lrng trivgek zkr "Ufgfpvfcn'



<: ( HI BNGDIDNTK FR UFGFPVFCN

:>+>> :2+>>

_fhfhk tkdk mnbinfc hihk ko`ftiuk0dfrrktnr nc nbtvncrélihfg' Fc bngdidntkf "Upcn# zkr fccn tkdk'

Nzkyk n ~vifg ndkztfftn tfi'

Cnrlk frî fc bnhigk df rfbkgtrvir ckznrtidk zkcètibk fg "Upcn y ~vf cnkbifdnd uvfcun bkgeinr fg fcck# zfrkuiuihk fc bkhifgpk'

Ck ufgfpkcngk fzfrnhk vgn bkgtifgdn zkr cnzrfidfgbin df cn rfzðocibn ~vf f dfeign fgtrf ?ock~vf# zfrk gk mny lnrngtèn korf fk'

Fg "Upcn gk nofhk i mny vgnftrntflin nrtibvcndn dfc lkoifrgk znrnfznrnr n ck cèdfrf df cn kzkibiòg y~vf f nrhf bnrzn nznrtf'

Cn kzkibiòg ftî fg vgn zkibiòg igbòhkdn' Znrn cklrnr ufgbfr# tifgfg ~vfhngtfgfrf vgidk' Ri fk enccn# zfrdfhk'

Fc lkoifrgk df

"Ufgfpvfcn bkgkbf cndfoicidnd df cn vgidnd ytifgf ck rfbvrk znrnntnbnrcn' ®Bvidfhk cnvgiòg zkr fgbihn dftkdk.

Cn vgiòg df cn "HVD ftî bvftikgndn tngtk dfgtrk bkhk evfrn df

gvftrk "Ufgfpvfcn' Ftk gk mnbf rfecf}ikgnr‥ »Rfrî bifrtk;

Tkdn cn igtfrrklngtf~vf ck "ufgfpkcngktfgfhk korf cnvgidnd fg cn "HVD# fdiiznrîg òck n znrtirdfc >? df efo' Ngtf gk'

HI BNGDIDNTK FR UFGFPVFCN

»^vé bcnf df evtvrk gk fzfrn i ftnhk fgtrf dkhnck; Cn "HVD bkhftf frrkr trn frrkr y nc znrfbfr~vifrf lngnrcf nc lkoifrgk fg fk'

Cn fcfbbiòg df Znock Zérfp bkhk bngdidntk df cn



HI BNGDIDNTK FR UFGFPVFCN ( <>

~vifrf lngnrcf nc lkoifrgk fg fk'

Cn "HVD dfoiò zrkgvgbinrf n enukrdfc Jdfontf>4G zrkzvftk zkr ckftvdingtf df cn VBNO y dnrcf tkdk fcnzkyk'

Gk mny nzkyk df cn "HVD nc Jdfontf>4G df cn VBNO y mng ~vfridk kznbnrckòck zkr~vf vg bklkcck df cn "HVD yn tifgf bngdidntk'

Gk f vgn gkufdnd mnocnr df cn enctn df vgidnd fg cn"HVD' Ck bifrtk f ~vf vg bklkcck df cn hihn ynfcfbbikgò n v bngdidntk'

"HVD zkr znrtf df vg bklkcck fg cn hihn zkgf fgzfcilrk fc yn dfoicitndk nbvfrdk'

>4+>>

Ck dfrfbmk df cn ciorf kzigiòg fg Ufgfpvfcn ftîgntndk nc lvtk zrfefridk dfc rélihfg' Ri ck ~vf dibfgk lvtn tv ciofrtnd ftî fg `vflk'



<? ( ZK_ GVFRT_NR CIOF_TNDFR

Ck hnck fg Ufgfpvfcn

f ~vf bvngdk vbfdfgnbtk bkhk ck kbvrridkn cn dirfbtkrn df 5tkZkdfr y ck bkhfgtnhk#zfrk gk mnbfhk gndn'

Bkhk ck ntn~vf n cn ciofrtnd df f}zrfiòg kg dfcdèn n dèn# ihzcfhfgtf df`nhk ~vf kbvrrng igzrktftnr' Gk ihzkrtn i ftî df nbvfrdk bkg fcbkgtfgidk k cn idfn'

Gk ihzkrtn i tf lvtn ~vifg ck dibf' Ck ~vfihzkrtn f fc dfrfbmk n zkdfr dfbirck' Cn df5tk Zkdfr gk f cn ðgibn mitkrin fg ckðctihk >? nþk df ~vifg zkr vgn kzigiògciorf mnyn znlndk vg nctk bktk'

Bfgk ?:>> fg"Ufgfpvfcn »Zkr ~vétkdn ftn gvfunzrflvgtn; »Zkr ~véihzkrtn nmkrn ck ~vf

gvgbn mng zrflvgtndkngtf;

Ktrk T_NZK _K@K# hvctn n LCKOKUIRIKG' Gk ontòbkg ck dfc bnk Cfkzkcdk Còzfp' Rfþkrf dfc lkoifrgkzòglngf frik# mnocfg bcnrk'

Hf krzrfgdfg ckhfgn`f df nkhorkngtf cn hvctn nJLckokuiiòg y cnfgtfgbin dfc TR@ korfJCfkzkcdkCkzfp' Ftkf vgn DIBTNDV_N'

JLckokuiikg ilvf fgfc nirf zkr~vf nè ckgfbfitn fc rélihfg' Rifc zcng dfc lkoifrgk

ncf oifg y f ~vfdngfg fc zkdfr# cn bfrrnrîg'

Hn fc noik df`n ~vf cnzncnorn ecvyng df ~vifgftifgfg nclk ~vf dfbir znrn nè gvtrirf y brfnr gvfun idfn'

?4+:= >=+>:KBT'NLK' ?9+:= >9+>:

ZK_ GVFRT_NR CIOF_TNDFR

Mky dkhiglk' Dik# enhicin y zntrin' Hikrnbikgf zkr ck zrfk zkcètibkufgfpkcngk y ck ~vf ig`vtnhfgtf ftîgzriundk df v ciofrtnd'



ZK_ GVFRT_NR CIOF_TNDFR ( <2

?2+>:

Enctng hvbmk hî ntrkzfcck df znrtfdfc rélihfg' N ufbf gvftrn hfhkrinf bkrtn y yn kcuidnhk ck bifgtk dfhicf ngtf kbvrridk'

Yk gk ky df ck ~vf brff fg bvfgtk# yké n ck ~vf `vfln fc lkoifrgk‥ftnhk bnyfgdk fg ff `vflk igdnrgk bvfgtn'

Fc rélihfg# nc zriunr df ciofrtnd n zfrkgn

ig`vtieibndnhfgtf# gk òck dftrvyf v uidn#igk tnhoiég cn df v enhicin'

Zkr hvbmk nþk enhicin "ufgfpkcngn mng ftndkdiuididn' Hifhork df hvbmn ktrn ftîg zrfk igdfrfbmk n zntncfk ®Fk tifgf ~vf nbnonr.

Mky zidk n Dik zkr cnvgiòg df tkdk ck"ufgfpkcngk1 y ~vf cnef y fzfrngpn fihzkglng korf fc hnc

~vf lkoifrgn hi znè®Ufgbfrfhk.

Mky tnhoiég ~vifrk nlrndfbfr n tkdk ck `òufgf ufgfpkcngk ~vf ftîgcvbmngdk zkr gvftrk znè' ®Bkhvgibndk y vgidk ufgbfrfhk.

Mky tnhoiég ~vifrk nlrndfbfr n tkdkck nhilk cntigknhfribngk ~vf hfilvfg y ~vf cf zrfkbvzn cn itvnbiòg

df "Ufgfpvfcn ®Lrnbin.

Mky ~vifrk nlrndfbfr cn bkgeingpn y fcnzkyk df hvbmk `òufgf df hi znè#gk ck dfbfzbikgnré# flviré fg hicvbmn nc ilvnc ~vf Vd' Nhég'

Ngkbmf bkhznrtè vg lrntk hkhfgtk bkg fc Rr' CfkgfcEfrgîgdfp# Zrfidfgtf df cn _fzðocibn Dkhigibngn#vg mkhorf dilgk y f`fhzcnr'

®Mkcn. Ovfg dèn hi "Ufgfpvfcn ~vfridn'Mky mnocnré df vg tfhn igtfrfngtf0 cndiefrfgbin fgtrf zrfhik y rflnck fg fcîhoitk kbik(zkcètibk'



»^vé fgtfgdfhk fg Cntigknhéribn zkr rflnck;

Bvngdk brfbfhk fg gvftrk mklnrf y kbifdndf#»^vé rfzrffgtn vg rflnck znrn gkktrk;

<4 ( BNHOIFHKR _FLNCKR ZK_ Z_FHIKR

Ff rflnck zkcètibk f bkgkbf bkhk

zkzvcihk y mn mfbmk trfhfgdk dnþkfg cn kbifdndf cntigknhfribngn'Mky "Ufgfpvfcn f vgn df fccn'

Fc rflnck f vgn mfrrnhifgtnzkcètibn ~vf vng ck zkcètibkznrn cklrnr flvidkrf# fgnvfgbin df tfgfr vg dibvrk

k zcng fefbtiuk'

?=+>:KBT' ?9+>:

Fc Zrfidfgtf Cfkgfc

Efrgîgdfp df cn_fzðocibn Dkhigibngntifgf vgn nctn fgioicidndzkr cn gfbfidndfkbincf df vbkgbivdndngk'

Cn /_fzkgnoicidnd Rkbinc/ gk f dkbtrign# fvgn bkgbifgbin mvhngitn fg zrk dfcofgfeibik bkcfbtiuk# zrffgtf kck fg mkhorfdf oifg'

_flnck f nclk ~vf gk dng zkr bvhzcir nþk#fg fc dèn df gnuidnd k fg vg onvtipk' Fkfgtfgdfhk hvbmk zkr rflnck'

Zfrk fc rflnck nc ~vf ~vifrk rfefrirhf mky# f fc rflnck~vf ck rflèhfgf dng n ck zvfock znrn lngnrflvidkrf y cklrnr v hftn'

Fc rflnck znrn cn lfgtf dfc zvfock f vg kof~vik ~vftfrhign ifgdk vg bnoncck df Trkyn# ~vf zfgftrn cnigtflridnd y cvflk cn dftrvyf'

BNHOIFHKR _FLNCKR ZK_ Z_FHIKRFc rflnck df ck zkcètibk gk dfof fr rfbioidk# yn ~vf bkg fk bkhzrng cndilgidnd df cn lfgtf# bkguirtiégdkck fg pkhoi zkcètibk'

Fc zrfhik dfof fr ihzcfhfgtndk fg



BNHOIFHKR _FLNCKR ZK_ Z_FHIKR ( <6

Fc zrfhik dfof fr ihzcfhfgtndk fgCntigknhéribn fg vtitvbiòg dfc rflnck'Fg "Ufgfpvfcn dfofhk bnhoinr ck

rflnck zkcètibk'

Fc zrfhik dfof fr vg rfbkgkbihifgtk dfc ftndk ncbivdndngk ~vf bvhzcf v rfzkgnoicidnd bkg fc znèy cn kbifdnd n cn ~vf zfrtfgfbf'

Cn kbifdnd idfnc f onn fg kotfgfrhf`krn kbincf# bkcfbtiun figdiuidvncf# bkhk rfvctndk dfcfevfrpk bkcfbtiuk f igdiuidvnc'

Gk zkdfhk flvir zfgngdk ~vf dfofhk rfbioirrflnck y ~vf dfofhk fr zrfhindk zkr gvftrkfevfrpk' Mny ~vf bnhoinr fn nbtitvd'

Cn "Ufgfpvfcn df hnþngn tfgdrî bnhoik fg v ftrvbtvrn kbinc y zkcètibn'Ccfunrî tifhzk y frfhk vg f`fhzck n flvir' ®Ck cklrnrfhk.

Bnhoifhk fc rflnckzkr fc zrfhik# zvf ck~vf f lngn bkg

fevfrpk# gk tf bkhzrncn bkgbifgbin' Ri fcrflnck tf bkhzrn#rfbmîpnck'

Ovfgk# nmkrn# lngn

zrfhik bkg krlvcck ygk nbfztf rflnckzkcètibk ~vf tfbkguifrtng fg tkgtk ðticznrn fcck' ®Dilgidnd.®Dilgidnd.

Tkdk bivdndngk dfof hfdir v igncifgnocfdfrfbmk n f}ilir bkgtrn v dfofr dfbvhzcir v kocilnbikgf bèuibn'

Znrn ~vf fk vbfdn tfgfhk ~vf ukcufr nc zrigbizik df hihfgn`f' ®Ufgfpkcngk khk tkdk. Vgiòg df ufrdnd# ufrdnd'

Ri cn bkn gk bnhoing# "Upcn gkevgbikgnrî' Ri gk znrtibizn# df gndnuncf tv ~vf`n' Tkdk znlnrfhk fczrfbik df cn gk znrtibiznbiòg'



<5 ( NRÈ FRTNHKR

Gk brfk fg cn zrîbtibn novrdn ~vf tkdnuèn ftîzrffgtf fg cn hncn zkcètibn df ck znrtidk' Ckrfzkgnocf kg ~vifgf ck dirilfg'

Rè brfk fg cn igtitvbikgncidnd df ck znrtidk zkcètibky ~vf v onf zrihnrin dfof fr cn `vtibin kbinc'Ðctihnhfgtf mng ftndk frrndk'

_fbvzfrnr cn dilgidnd df cn zkcètibn y cn igtflridnd dfck znrtidk zkcètibk f tng ihzkrtngtf znrn fc bnhoikbkhk tv znrtibiznbiòg'

Cn zkcètibn fg

"Ufgfpvfcn gk mnfgfþndk v enctn dfigbfridnd' Ri cn vgidndfg cn kzkibiòg f vgnbtk zkcètibk# »Rfrîigbfrk;

»^viégf nc eignc znlnhk tkdk ck/zfk/; "Upcn khk gkktrk ck"ufgfpkcngk' Dfofhk zfrhngfbfrvgidk y dfrrktnr nc rélihfg'

Ri cn vgidnd f ccfln n rkhzfr fg cn "HVD# frfhk tkdk ck "ufgfpkcngk ck~vf znlnrfhk cn bkgfbvfgbin' Fc rélihfg bkgtigvnrî'

Cn zrkhfn df vgiòg# df zfrdòg krfbkgtrvbbiòg df vgn gvfun Upcn#dfofg fr igbfrn y gk df ck difgtfznrn nevfrn' ®Gk hî hfgtirn.

Zidk zkr cn hndvrfp y cn zrkevgdn rfecf}iòg df ~vifgf dirilfg cn

kzkibiòg# znrn ~vf hngtfglng cn vgidnd fg "Upcn# n bkhk dé cvlnr'

:>+>: ?<+>: :2+>>GKU'KBT'

NRÈ FRTNHKRUiuir cn bkgtngbin y dfdibnbiòg df Jhnibafchfcnhfd# ufgfpkcngk fgfc hnrntòg df GY# hf mipk zfgnr fg gvftrn cihitnbikgf zkcètibn'

Ri tkdk ck "ufgfpkcngk gkfgtfgdfhk cn ihzkrtngbindf vg itfhn onndk fg cni tit i ^ ié



NRÈ FRTNHKR ( <<

Gvftrn cihitnbikgf zkcètibn rndibng fg cn ekrhnbiògy cn fdvbnbiòg bkhk bivdndngk# hkcdfndn znrndfeigir gvftrk zfgnr zkcètibk'

F hvy bifrtk ~vf gk mny bmnuihk ig Bmîufp y ~vf éc zvfdf enccfbfrftngdk fg fc zkdfr' »^vé znnrî fg "Ufgfpvfcn i ftk vbfdf;

Nclk ~vf gk zvfdf nyvdnr fg "Ufgfpvfcn f ~vf Bmîufp diuidiò nv bkcnokrndkrf fg icn df zkdfr# bkg igtfrff diefrfgtf'

Fc mfbmk df ~vf ck bkcnokrndkrf df Bmîufp gk ftég vgidk n cnmkrn ~vf enccfpbn# f v lrng dfoicidnd y vgn kcvbiòg znrn"Ufgfpvfcn'

Ck nbtkrf ~vf nzkyng n Bmîufp gk ihzcibng riflk gi nhfgnpn nclvgnznrn fc evtvrk df "Ufgfpvfcn' Ff gk f fc bnk df ck hicitnrf'

Tkdk ck ~vf mky ftî fg zrkbfk fg "Ufgfpvfcn y ~vfigbidn dirfbtnhfgtf fg v evtvrk# f rfzkgnoicidnddf tkdk# gk df vgn zfrkgn'

Bkhk yk ck fgtifgdk# fc zrkocfhn fg "Ufgfpvfcn f~vf cn lrng hnykrèn kg bivdndngk ig zrfznrnbiògidògfn znrn vg itfhn dfhkbrîtibk'

igtitvbikgf# »^viégfgtkgbf ck un n dfefgdfr;

Fc ngmfck df vg hf`kr bivdndngk#ftî fg cn nctn bkgbifgbin zkcètibn~vf hngieiftng gvftrk `òufgf"ufgfpkcngk' Mny fzfrngpn'

:<+>> >>+>>

Mky# hî ~vf gvgbn# ftky bkgufgbidk df ~vf fc lkoifrgk f dfrrktnocf# zfrkf cklrnrî bkg cn znrtibiznbiòg rfzkgnocf df ck "upcngk'

Nvg~vf f hkcftfg bkghilk dfok fr eirhf y

Ré ~vf nhng n "Upcn tngtk bkhk yk'Nè ~vf# dfhk fc tkdk zkr fc tkdk' Vgnþk znrn bnhoinr ck hnck y fhzfpnr vgevtvrk hf`kr' Nhég'



<= ( GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC

:<+>:KBT'

Nvg~vf f hkcftfg bkghilk dfok fr eirhf yrfzftitiuk' Gk mny tifhzk# dfofhk ftnr vgidk ynofr ~vé ~vfrfhk# ~vf "Ufgfpvfcn evgbikgf'

Ck bnhoik vbfdfg bvngdk cnhnykrèn ck rf~vifrf' Nè znò mnbf >2nþk y fn hnykrèn ftî zidifgdkbnhoik' ®"Ufgfpvfcn un n bnhoinr.

Gk khk f}trn fg cn zfcèbvcn df "Upcn' Rkhkzrktnlkgitn y tfgfhk > nþk znrn cklrnr vg eigncdiefrfgtf n cn tritf rfncidnd df mky'

Dfofhk nvhir fc bkhzrkhikdèn n dèn' Gk zkdfhk zfrdfrtifhzk# zvf > nþk znn ukcngdky fc tifhzk uncf hî ~vf fc krkznrn gkktrk'

Rf cf kcuidn y cf uky n rfbkrdnr ~vf dfofhk fr rfzkgnocf y znrtibiznr'Tifgfg v rnpkgf znrn gk mnbfrck zfrk dfofg mnbfrck'

»Vg dibvrk zkcètibk;®Gk. Gk f hi ftick#zngn' Cn ufrdnd f ~vf"Upcn gk gfbfitn mkyznrn bnhoinr fchnþngn' Znrtibizfhk'

Mky zidk tv znrtibiznbiòg y vg rkczrktnlògibk# znrn ftnr krlvcckk dfcrfvctndk' ®Tkdk khk znrtf dfc bnhoik.

GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC

»Gk tf lvtnrèn dfbir dfgtrk df vg nþk; ®Yk znrtibizé.®Yk nyvdé. ®Rky znrtf dfc trivgek. ®Df`é fc hifdk n vgcndk y trivgenhk.



GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC ( <9

:=+>:

"Upcn gfbfitn hî ~vf gvgbn ~vfdfzfrtfhk# ~vf nvhnhk gvftrk

rkc zrktnlògibk y ~vf znrtibizfhknbtiunhfgtf znrn cklrnr fc bnhoik'

®Bmnhk. ®Bmnhn. ®@òufgf ~vf hf fbvbmng. Ftî fg tv hngk cnrfzkgnoicidnd df bnhoinr n "Upcn' Fc hnþngn frî tvyk y df tv mi`k'

»^vé f gfbfitn znrn bnhoinr n"Upcn; Tv evfrpn# tv ukcvgtnd y tvlngn df mnbfrck' Znrtibizn bkg fcbkrnpòg y `vgtk ck cklrnrfhk'

»^vé fdnd dfok tfgfr znrn rfzkgdfrnc ccnhndk df znrtibiznr fg fc bnhoik;"Upcn gk gfbfitn n tkdk' Fccn frfzkgnoicidnd df tkdk'

®Znn cn ukp. Ck bnhoik fg "Upcn kg rfzkgnoicidnd df tkdk'Rkck tfgfhk > nþk znrn ~vf ftk vbfdn' ®Znrtibizn. ®Tð dfbidf.

Vgn `kufg ufgfpkcngn hf fbrioiò0/@ké bkhk zkdfhk ufgbfrck'Nyðdnhf# yk i tfglk hifdk'/ N fccndfdibk ck ilvifgtf hfgn`f'

Fc nbtk df uncfgtèn dfof frigtfcilfgtf# gk ftðzidk' Fc hifdk ffgerfgtn bkg igtfcilfgbin' Tfgfhk cnmfrrnhifgtn' Véhkcn'

Cn zkcètibn dfc hifdk cnmng ihzvftk znrnmnbfrtf zriikgfrk ytfgfr tktnc bkgtrkc df tvuidn' Fgerfgtnrck fovbnr cn ciofrnbiòg'

Fc lkoifrgk zfrhitf ~vf bkn hncn vbfdng n v bivdndngk znrn mnbfrfccnhnr –Rncundkr‘# zfrk kck gkktrk hihk tfgfhk ff rkc'

Gk tf zidk ~vf nrriflvf tv uidn zfrk i tf zidk ~vf

Gk frfhk hîzriikgfrk dfc hifdk'®Gk. ®Gk hî hifdk.Znrtibizfhknbtiunhfgtf y dfhktkdk zkr "Upcn'



=: ( GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC

:=+>:

Gk tf zidk ~vf nrriflvf tv uidn# zfrk i tf zidk ~vfcn ciofrf df ftn kzrfiòg ~vf cf mng ihzvftk n ckufgfpkcngk bkhk tð'

Gk tf zidk ~vf tf fgerfgtf nc hncngdrk# zfrk i tfzidk ~vf tf fgerfgtf n ~vifg cf zfrhitiò ntfgtnr bkgtrnti''' fc lkoifrgk'

Ròck gvftrn znrtibiznbiòg y cn vgiòg zkrvg bnhoik zkcètibk# znrn fc oifg dftkdk ck ufgfpkcngk# gk zfrhitirîuiuir ig hifdk'

Bkgkbfr cn rfncidnd gk zfrhitf fgerfgtnrcn bkrrfbtnhfgtf'Yn nofhk tkdn cn bkn hncn ~vf ftf lkoifrgk mnbf'®Fgerfgtéhkcn.

Cn fcfbbikgf df kbtvorf dfc ?:>? gk zfrhitirî vnr /Fc Uktk/# cn mfrrnhifgtn

hî zkdfrkn ~vf zkffhk znrn fc bnhoik' ®Vgîhkgk.

Ri gk ftî hktiundk zkr ck bngdidntkdf cn zrihnrin# fgtkgbf hktèuntf zkr"Upcn' Ff f hi bngdidntk# "Upcn®Uktfhk zkr fccn.

Mny ~vf znrtibiznr# y òck nè# fgerfgtnrfhk n ckhnck ~vf mky dirilfg fc znè' Znrtibiznr f nerfgtnrck®Mny ~vf uktnr.

z®Ufgbfrfhk.


@kufg nhiln ufgfpkcngn' Ròck tf dilk ~vf tv rfncidndf cn df hvbmk fg "Upcn y ~vf trnon`nhk znrnbnhoinrcn' Frf vgn df gkktrk'

N hi `kufg nhiln ufgfpkcngn Fc mfbmk df fgerfgtnr fc

»^vé lngk; Vg cflndkznrn hi mi`k y vghf`kr znè znrn tkdk'Gk ftky kck fg ftf



GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC ( =>

N hi `kufg nhiln ufgfpkcngn' Fc mfbmk df fgerfgtnr fchifdk tf ciofrn' Vn fn evfrpn znrn fc oifg# znrnnyvdnr n "Upcn' Lrnbin'

Gk hî hifdk' Gk hî zriikgfrk df cn igbkhzftfgbindf ftf lkoifrgk' ®Nmkrn ftnhk fg zif df cvbmn zkr"Upcn. ®Ufgbfrfhk.

Uky ftnr zfgdifgtf y nbtiuk dfdfn~vè# y mnré ck ihzkiocf zkr cklrnr vgnhnykr znrtibiznbiòg df ck ufgfpkcngkn enukr dfc bnhoik'

Bndn dèn ~vf znn khk# y frfhk# hî y hî' Nècklrnrfhk igibinr fc lrng bnhigk mnbin fc bnhoik''' cnvgiòg df tkdk ck ufgfpkcngk'

Dfofhk igibinr cn bkgtrvbbiòg df vg lrng zvfgtf ~vf gk zfrhitn vgir dfufrdnd n ck ufgfpkcngk y bvyk v bihifgtk fng òcidk ®Nhég.

Rky mkhorf df zncnorn y gk dfbngnré mntn ufr n"Upcn fgbnhigndn mnbin vg ovfg evtvrk# y nc zvfockzrktflidk zkr v znè# ig tfhkr n éc'

Gk cf zidk ~vf hf brfng# kck ~vffng tftilk df ck ~vf igibié ftf nþk'Hvbmk f zrflvgtng »Zkr ~vé; Cnufrdnd f0 zkr hi mi`k'

Gk ~vifrk gi ftky dizvftk n zfrdfr"Upcn' Ré ~vf cn cvbmn gk tfrhign fg fc?:>?# ~vf enctn hvbmk zkr cklrnr' Ykuky n mnbfr hi znrtf'

vfþk' Yk é ~vfhvbmk df Vd'tnhoiég ck dffng'

>4+>:

Cn ufrdnd f vg nrhn ~vf ifhzrf ftnrî zrffgtf fg hi cvbmn# Dik f hitftilk' Gk mny eignc dfeigidk# zfrk ck mnré hifgtrn fn gfbfnrik'



=? ( GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC

>4+>: ><+>:

Ftky fg fc bnhigk zkr vgn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf evgbikgf#fn f cn hftn' Gk dfbngnré mntn cklrnrcn' Gvgbnhf rfgdiré ®Hi znè oifg ck uncf.

Dik hf zfrhitiò rfbkrrfr fc hvgdk# uiitngdk znèfcf`ngk' Rig fhonrlk giglvgk hf mn mfbmk fgtir ck~vf ifgtk bvngdk ftky fg hi "Upcn'

^vifrk ~vf ck ihzntipngtf dfclkoifrgk rfecf}ikgfg y# df zngn# dilngi cn bkn ftîg oifg fg "Upcn ' Gkzkdfhk bnfrgk n bkon'

Fc bnhoik f gntvrnc y gfbfnrik' Rig bnhoik gk mnyfukcvbiòg' "Upcn gfbfitn tv nyvdn znrn bnhoinr'®Nyðdncn. Fccn ck uncf'

Cn vgiòg ~vf tngtk

dffnhk ckufgfpkcngk frî fccklrk df tkdk gkktrk'Tfgfhk ~vf dnr fczrihfr znk znrn cklrnrfn bfrbngèn'

Nungbfhk tkdk `vgtk zkr "Ufgfpvfcn# zkr cn vgiògufrdndfrn' Nungbfhk mnbin gvfuk bnhoik kbincfznrn fc oifg df tkdk ck ufgfpkcngk'

Fg cn vgiòg gknongdkgfhk n ckhî gfbfitndk' Fccktfgdrîg zrikridnd# nmkrnkg hî' Ftf rélihfgck hvctizcibò' ®Mny ~vfnyvdnrck.

Nhnr n "Upcn f vg fgtihifgtk bkhznrtidk zkr tkdk ckufgfpkcngk# zfrk n ufbf tnhoiég nhngdk f mnbfdnþk' F ck ~vf mn mfbmk fc lkoifrgk'


Tfgfhk ~vf hngtfgfrgk bkmfrfgtf' Fc lkoifrgk y v bkhzigbmfmnrîg ck ~vf fn znrn hngtfgfrf fg fc zkdfr' ®Gk ck cklrnrîg.

Mny ~vf bkgukbnr zrihfrk n cn igtfcilfgbin# y cvflk n cn zniòg#znrn mnbfr ~vf cn ufrdnd trivgef y "Ufgfpvfcn igibif vg bnhoik'

Cn lrng rfzkgnoicidnd ftî fg~vifgf cidfrng ck znrtidk zkcètibk# fgv rkc y fc df v krlngipnbikgf' ®Gkzvfdfg f~viukbnrf.



GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC ( =2

Yk# nc ilvnc ~vf vtfdf# ~vifrk ~vf ccflvf fc >? df

eforfrk znrn fgeicnr tkdn gvftrn evfrpn fg dfrrktnrnc rélihfg' ®Ck unhk n cklrnr.

Tkdk ck "ufgfpkcngk khk ̀ vfbf fg ftfzrkbfk' F hvbmk ck ~vf ftî fg `vflk' Ftnhkznrtibizngdk bkg ck k`k oifg /zfcnk/ ®Zicn.

Yk ftky dffkk df~vf ccflvf yn fc >? dfeforfrk# y ~vf tkdk ckufgfpkcngk fznhk~vifg gk un nrfzrffgtnr'

>=+>:

Fc rélihfg hkgtò vgneîoribn df zkorf znrntfgfr hî bkgtrkc' Fktifgf ~vf bnhoinr' ®CnUfgfpvfcn dfc hnþngnftnrî ccfgn df

zrkzfridnd.

Dffk cn vgiòg znrn tkdk ck"ufgfpkcngk''' ~vf bvidfhk df tkdkznrn gk zfrhitircf n cn uikcfgbin zkcètibnlngnr tfrrfgk'

Ré ~vf# vgn ufp ncbngpndk fc >? df eforfrk# vgieibnrfhk fevfrpk dfdfdkgdf ftfhk y mnrfhk tkdk ck zkiocf znrn lngnr' ®Lngnrfhk.

Gk zkdfhk zfrhitirhî ditrnbbikgf k

hî diuiikgf' Tkdk unn dfzfgdfr df cn nbtitvd~vf nvhnhk n znrtirdfc >? df eforfrk"Ufgfpvfcn'

Gk kg nhfgnpn n gvftrk cèdfrf zkcètibk# igk fgerfgtnrck bnrn n bnrn bkgvgn lrng rfncidnd0 fg zkcètibn# yn gk khk zfgdf`k'

»Bòhk mnbfhk znrn ~vf "Ufgfpvfcnevgbikgf; Bnhoingdk cn nbtitvd' Y fkfhzifpn fg cn fdvbnbiòg# tngtk dfc mklnr

Cn ndibbiòg n ck ~vf gkevgbikgn gk mnbf frfig dfrfbmk nc rfbcnhk'Bnhoifhk cn nbtitvd yrfbcnhfhk' ®F}ilir fgvftrk dfrfbmk.



=4 ( GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC

z # lbkhk cn igtitvbikgnc'

Yk bkhznrtk ~vf cn fdvbnbiòg frî fcenbtkr zrihkrdinc dfc bnhoik' Zfrk gk cnhncn fdvbnbiòg' Tfgfhk ~vf nofr cndiefrfgbin'

Cn ovfgn fdvbnbiòg# tngtk igtitvbikgf bkhk fg fcmklnr# y v zfrhngfgbin fg fc tifhzk dnrîg n "Upcnlfgfrnbikgf df bnhoik y cn zrktflfrîg'

Mny hvbmn bkn k idfn ~vf f zvfdfg nzcibnr znrn cklrnr bnhoinr n"Ufgfpvfcn# ck zrihfrk f znrtibiznr zrknbtiunhfgtf zkr ff bnhoik'

Hngtfgfr cn hktiunbiòg znrn cklrnrbnhoik trnbfgdfgtncf fg cn"Ufgfpvfcn df mky f dieèbic# zfrk gkihzkiocf' ®Îgihk y hî îgihk.

Fg "Ufgfpvfcn gkzkdfhk zfrhitirmnbfrgk ndibtk n cnhfdikbridnd y ncernbnk' Cn bvrn f fcbnhoik df nbtitvd'

>=+>: ?6+>:

Gi cn mitkrin gi gkktrk zrfhinrfhk n ck cèdfrf zkcètibk ~vfirrfzftfg k trnibikgfg n ck ufgfpkcngk' Gk hî f~viukbnbikgf'


Ri brfk fg cn rfgkunbiòg df ck cèdfrf y fg fcrffhzcnpk df ~vifgf mky# f~viukbndnhfgtf#rfzrffgtng ck znrtidk zkcètibk fg "Ufgfpvfcn'



GVFRT_K _KC FR EVGDNHFGTNC ( =6

Rfr `kufg f vgn bkn y fr zfgdf`k f ktrn' Ckhvbmnbmk ufgfpkcngk ftîg fbrioifgdk oifg fg

nctk cn mitkrin zkcètibn df "Ufgfpvfcn'

Cn ontnccn ~vf dfofhk dnr tkdk fg "Ufgfpvfcn fzkr dfrrktnr cn notfgbiòg y voir fc giufc dfc dibvrkzkcètibk' ®F fc hf`kr igibik.

Fc giufc dfc dibvrk zkcètibk fg "Ufgfpvfcn dfof tfgfr hfgn`f df igbcviòg#vgidnd y gk hî –znf df enbtvrn‘' ®F fc hf`kr igibik.

N ck ̀ òufgf ftvdingtf df"Ufgfpvfcn0 vgn ufp hî# hindhirnbikgf zkr cn kcibitvd dfc dfontfdf ck bngdidntk df cn zrihnrin'

Fc evtvrk df Upcn f y frî bkhk f mky gvftrn `vufgtvd upkcngn' Rfrîg ck cèdfrf dfc hnþngn y fkhf trng~vicipn' Hi fzfrngpn fg fcck'

Znrn cklrnr ~vf cnbkn bnhoifg y ~vf"Upcn evgbikgf# ckzrihfrk ~vf mny ~vfcklrnr f dfrrktnr ncrélihfg fc < df kbt dfc?:>?'

^vifrk ~vf cn zkcètibn fg "Upcn y ~vifgf cn f`frpng tfglnhnykr giufc y dilgidnd y ~vf nbtiufg n tkdk n~vfcck~vf ftîg fg cn notfgbiòg'

?<+>: 2:+>: :2+>>GKU'

Fc dfontf df ck bngdidntk n cn zrihnrin fc >4+>> f ktrn f}bfcfgtf igibintiundf ck `òufgf "ufgfpkcngk' Ftk dilgieibn cn zkcètibn'

Efcibitk n ck `òufgf vgiufritnrik zkr fc dfontf dfc did c i i i c N

Gk f mnocnr fg vcfglvn`f `kuinc /Fzn



=5 ( FRTN @VUFGTVD FR DIEF_FGTF

?5+>:KBT' ?<+>:

Fg ftn ftnzn fgtfgdfhk~vf ck dfontf zkcètibkkg ck hî ngk# nyvdng ncn zkocnbiòg fcfbtkrnc ntkhnr vgn hf`kr dfbiiòg'

ck bngdidntk n cn zrihnrin# fg fzfbinc n NgnAnrign y @vng Hngvfc df cn "VBNO'

Efcibitk n ftk `òufgf cèdfrf zkrbkgflvir cn znrtibiznbiòg df ckbngdidntk n cn zrihnrin'

N hvbmk bngdidntk gk cf lvtng ck dfontf#zkr~vf ftîg fg riflk df hktrnrf tnc bkhk kg# y

ftk ihzcibn f}zkgfr v hfdikbridnd'

Cn igibintiun dfc dfontf zkr ck ftvdingtf cf dibf nc znè# y n ck znrtidkzkcètibk# ~vf ftn `vufgtvd f diefrfgtf' ®Nbéztfgck.

Gk ccflnrîg n giglðg cndk n~vfcck ~vfdfftihfg y higihibfg cn bnznbidndfzkcètibn y cn znrtibiznbiòg df cn `vufgtvd"ufgfpkcngn'

cfglvn`f `kuinc# /FznBmnhk/' F mnocnr fg

vg cfglvn`f igtfcilfgtf yigbfrk' Ck `òufgf df"Upcn gk kg zfgdf`k'

FRTN @VUFGTVD FR DIEF_FGTF

Mky dkhiglk Dik# enhicin y zntrin' Hikrnbikgf bkg ck ftvdingtf df"Ufgfpvfcn y v igibintiun dfc dfontf dfbngdidntk Jdfontf>4g'

L i c t di t d c VBNO cMky mny ~ nzkynr fc



FRTN @VUFGTVD FR DIEF_FGTF ( =<

>4+>>:5+>>GKU' :<+>>

Lrnbin n ck ftvdingtf df cn VBNO zkr brfnr cnkzkrtvgidnd df dfontf Jdfontf>4g fgtrf ck

bngdidntk' Fn f cn "Ufgfpvfcn ~vf ~vfrfhk'

Gvftrk ftvdingtf ccfungfc ftngdnrtf' Nzkyfhk fcdfontf Jdfontf>4g'®Gfbfitnhk nofr ck ~vf

kerfbfg ck bngdidntk.

Tfgfhk ~vf nvhir gvftrk rkc' Znrtibizfhknbtiunhfgtf' Tkdk n nzkynr fc dfontf df ckbngdidntk df cn "HVD Jdfontf>4g'

Tkdk ck ufgfpkcngk tfgfhk ~vf nzkynr fc dfontfJdfontf>4G df ck bngdidntk n cn zrihnrin fg cnVBNO Jcnbntkcibn' Nzòynck y znrtibizn'

Cn uncfgtèn y rfzkgnoicidnd ~vf mngnvhidk gvftrk `òufgf vgiufritnrikzkr "Ufgfpvfcn hfrfbf tkdk gvftrknzkyk' ®Ri nc Jdfontf>4G.

Gvftrk `òufgf cèdfrf ufgfpkcngk mng tfgidk bkrn`f# rfzkgnoicidndy vg lrng nhkr zkr "Upcn' Nzkyfhk v igibintiun' ®Ri nc Jdfontf>4G.

ky ny ~ nzkyn fJdfontf>4G df ckbngdidntk n cn

zrihnrin zkr cn "HVD#n rfncipnrf fg cn VBNOzkr igibintiun df ckftvdingtf'

Fc Jdfontf>4G figibintiun df ck ftvdingtfdf cn VBNO y gk df cn"HVD' Étn gk zrftòbkcnokrnbiòg nclvgn n ckkrlngipndkrf'

Fc Jdfontf>4G frî trnghitidk zkr Lckokuiiòg#DntTU# Bngnc i# _BTU# _B_# Fc Vgiufrnc# Cn Znticcn yFc Gnbikgnc' "Dfontf>4G'

Vgn ufp hî ck hnck df cn zkcètibn ngdng hngizvcngdk

Gk mny vgiòg fg cn"HVD' Fc enukrfbfr dfngtf hngk n vgbngdidntk df`n hvbmk~vf dfbir df ftfzrkbfk' Gk ftky dfnbvfrdk bkg fk'



== ( FRTN @VUFGTVD FR DIEF_FGTF

ck mick df cn mitkrin df gvftrk znè' Vgn ufp hîftky dfbfzbikgndk'

Cn enctn df nzkyk zkr znrtf df cn "HVDnc Jdfontf>4G df`n hvbmk ~vf dfbir'Fc dfontf f ccfun n bnok òck zkr fcfevfrpk dfc ftvdingtndk'

Cn "HVD gk dfofrèn voftihnr n ck `òufgf vgiufritnrik' Fcck dfofrèngfr v zrigbiznc ncindk# zfrk fg cn hncnzkcètibn gk f nè'

Fg hi hfgn`f df mky gk dfbncieibk n Znock Zérfp# òck kcibitk vg `vflkcihzik zkr znrtf df cn "HVD' ®F ck `vtk.

Gk unhk n flvir znlngdk fc nctk zrfbik df ckfrrkrf df ~vifgf f brffg dvfþk df cn dfbiikgfdf ck ufgfpkcngk' ®Gk étn ufp.

Bkhk cnhfgtk ~vf gk fn Ngtkgik Cfdfphn ~vifgdiri`n cn "HVD# v hkrnc gk f bvftikgnocf# zfrk gkzvfdk dfbir ck hihk df ck ktrk'

nbvfrdk bkg fk'

Rilvfg ck digknvrik df cn uif`n zkcètibn mnbifgdk df cn vyn y fgfcck cn dftrvbbiòg dfc znè' ®Tng bvcznocf bkhk fc rélihfg nbtvnc.

>4+>>


Hi kzigikgf df mky bkhk ifhzrf kofdfbfg n hionf hkrnc' Ck ~vf ftî znngdk fg cn "HVD gk ftîoifg' ®Ftky kocilndk n dfbirck.



FRTN @VUFGTVD FR DIEF_FGTF ( =9

®Ftn gkbmf fg fc

"dfontf>4G bkhfgpnrîgn dffgtfrrnr ckufrdndfrk unckrfupcngk# fgtfrrndk } >?nþk df zrkznlngdn. uinJkclna?5'

Ftky igtfgtngdk cklrnr ufr fc dfontf# zfrk bkhk yn ckmnoèng ngvgbindk fc rélihfg vgn ufp hî mnbf df cnvyn' ®Rflvihk ndfcngtf.

Eigncipn vg ovfg "dfontf>4G fg ftn gkbmf'Efcibidndf n ck ftvdingtf krlngipndkrf zkr vfevfrpk' ®Nè f cn dfhkbrnbin.

"Ufgfpvfcn gfbfitn df vg ufrdndfrk `vflk cihzik# gk zkdfhk `vtieibnrnbbikgf df ilng dnþngdk gvftrk unckrf' Efcip gkbmf'

Mkcn# ovfg dèn' Igibingdk fc dèn df mkyf kocilntkrik rfefrirgk nc "dfontf>4gdf nyfr# f}bfcfgtf' Nè dfof mnbfrfzkcètibn fg "Ufgfpvfcn'

Dvrngtf fc tifhzk ~vf mf ftndk nbtiukfg cn rfdf kbincf# mf df`ndk bcnrkhi bkgeingpn y nzkyk n cn `vufgtvdufgfpkcngn' ®^vé krlvcck.

Fc "dfontf>4g y cn nctvrn bkhk ckhngf`nrkg ck ftvdingtf "ufgfpkcngkf vg f`fhzck n flvir znrn cn "HVD'Fcck kg gvftrn fzfrngpn'

>6+>>

F gvftrn `vufgtvd# y gk ck zkcètibk trndibikgncf#~vifgf ccfunrîg nc znè mnbin vg evtvrk bifrtk'_figufgtfhk cn zkcètibn fg "Upcn'

Tkdk ck zrfbngdidntk n cn zrihnrin

Hfdik df bkhvgibnbiògtrndibikgncf# bkhk BGGJbggff# ~vifrfgftnocfbfr vgn hntripkorf ~vifg lngò fcdfontf' Gk ftky dfnbvfrdk



9: ( FRTN @VUFGTVD FR DIEF_FGTF

Tkdk ck zrfbngdidntk n cn zrihnrinktvuifrkg vgn nbtitvd bkgidfrndn y

rfzkgnocf fg fc "dfontf>4g df cn"VBNO' Fk f hvy zkitiuk'

Cn vgidnd rfnc y tktnc fg "Upcn dfof fr fc bkhzrkhik df cn "HVD#dfzvé dfc f`fhzcnr "dfontf>4g fg cn "VBNO y v rfvctndk tng zkitiuk'

Znrn ~vf cn vgiòg fg"Upcn fn rfnc#dfofhk dffbmnr cnzrîbtibn df cn uif`nzkcètibn' Cn kcvbiòg ffr hî igbfrk fg cn

nbbikgf'

Fc "dfontf>4g df ck bngdidntk n cn zrihnrin frn gfbfnrik y dfhvftrn ~vfck ftvdingtf tfgèng rnpòg' Fcck cklrnrkg rfncipnrck'

Fc "dfontf>4g zfrhitiò n ck "ufgfpkcngk funcvnr cnkzbikgf df ck bngdidntk n cn zrihnrin bnrn nbnrn# fg tifhzk rfnc' ®Hvy zkitiuk.

Gk zkdfhk zfrhitir ~vf f vfg ckrfvctndk dfc dfontf znrn zkcnripnrfgtrf ck zrf(bngdidntk' ®N~vè lngò"Ufgfpvfcn.

nbvfrdk'

Cn bkgbifgbin kbinc# mnbin cnzkcètibn y cn kcvbiòg ncbkgecibtk ~vf uiuf"Ufgfpvfcn# frî fgnctfbidnzkr gvftrn `vufgtvdufgfpkcngn'

>6+>>


Nclvgk ~vifrfg dfbncieibnr fc "dfontf>4G ig mnofrgndn hnck ~vf dfbir dfc hihk Rf mn igibindk cn



FRTN @VUFGTVD FR DIEF_FGTF ( 9>

gndn hnck ~vf dfbir dfc hihk' Rf mn igibindk cnekrhn biuic df mnbfr zkcètibn fg "Upcn'

Tkdk y bndn vgk df ck bngdidntk ncn zrihnrin fg "Upcn ktvuifrkg vgnf}bfcfgtf zktvrn y znrtibiznbiòg fg fc"dfontf>4g df cn "VBNO'

Cn "HVD dfof tkhnr f`fhzck df ck vbfdidk nyfr'Bnhoifg ck znrndilhn y zfrhètngf fukcvbikgnr fgcn zkcètibn# nè kotfgdrîg hî nzkyk'

Znrn ~vifgf kzigng ~vf gk mvok dfontfigk vgn f}zkibiòg df idfn# bkgidfrfg~vf f cklrò ~vf "ufgfpkcngk dfontifrngfg ekrhn biuic'

Fc lngndkr fg "Ufgfpvfcn frî ~vifg trivgef fc >? dfeforfrk' Ngtf gk mny lngndkr' Gk cf dfhk kzkrtvgi(dnd nc rélihfg df diuidirgk'

Ftky fzfrngpndk y krlvcckk df bòhk ftîgvbfdifgdk cn bkn' Dfhk hî znrtibiznbiòg n ckftvdingtf fg "Upcn' Bkgeifhk fg fcck'

Ftn tnrdf ftky fg cnbkgefrfgbin dfJbcvodfhndrid korftfbgkcklèn dilitncf y fcevtvrk df cn dfhkbrnbin fgfc ilck ?> "bdh?:>>gyb'

Ofgacfr0 cn bnznbidnd df trnon`nr `vgtk evfbkgidfrndn vtkzèn mnbf >: nþk' Ri gk ckfgtifgdf# gk uf gvftrk evtvrk" d ?:>> J i



9? ( TFBGKCKLÈN ZN_N FC Z_KL_FRK

:=+>>

Igbrfèocf cn fgfrlèn dfhî df 4: f} `fef dfftndk dfc hvgdkrfvgidk znrn dibvtirfc ihznbtk df cntfbgkcklèn fg cndfhkbrnbin'

Cn tfbgkcklèn ftî bnhoingdk fc hvgdk fg ~vfuiuihk' Rig cn zcntnekrhn df T|ittfr# mky gk zkdrènccflnrcf dirfbtnhfgtf n tkdk vtfdf'

Cn rfdf kbincf# cn tfbgkcklèn y ck itfhnzkcètibk# fg fzfbinc cn dfhkbrnbin# ftîgnzrfgdifgdk n uiuir `vgtk' "bdh?:>>gyb'

/Cn rfdf kbincf bnhoinrkg cn dfhkbrnbin y bkhk fc zvfock f bkhvgibn

bkg v lkofrgngtf/ Jhiafockkhofrl Jziairvcf "bdh?:>>gyb'

Fg cn bkgefrfgbin "bdh?:>>gybdibvtihk korf fc ihznbtk ~vfcn tfbgkcklèn df cnbkhvgibnbiòg tifgfg fg fcdfnrrkcck dfhkbrîtibk dfchvgdk'

Iruigl \cndn|ay(Ofrlfr0 Fclkoifrgk tifgf ~vf nþndirigernftrvbtvrn dilitnc yeigngbifrn# ndfhî df cn eèibn" bdh?:>>gyb JTmf[IICZ'

Hifgtrn fg "Upcnftîg dftrvyfgdk cndfhkbrnbin# ktrkznèf y v cèdfrfcn rfdfeigfg y cnekrtncfbfg'"bdh?:>>gyb'

Bvngdk vg cèdfr mn lkofrgndk vg znèy bfn fg v evgbikgf# tkdnuèn tifgfhvbmk ~vf nzkrtnr y nè ck mnbfg fg fczrihfr hvgdk' "bdh?:>>gyb'

"bdh?:>>gyb Jnbnruig'

GKU'

TFBGKCKLÈN ZN_N FC Z_KL_FRK

"Ufgfpvfcn dfofvzfrnr ftf rélihfg yftnocfbfr vgndfhkbrnbin ndfbvndnn cn gfbfidndf dft d c c

Cn bkcnokrnbiòg y fc dfnrrkcck df idfn bkcfbtiun vfgn bkhk vg tfhn



TFBGKCKLÈN ZN_N FC Z_KL_FRK ( 92

tkdk ck ufgfpkcngk'

Hibmfccf Mvgt# Bfgtrk znrn cnIgbcviòg Dilitnc0 Tfgfhk ~vfbfgtrnrgk fg fc bnhoik df zkdfr dfclkoifrgk mnbin cn lfgtf'"Bdh?:>>gyb'

Gfbfitnhk brfnrigernftrvbtvrn dilitncfznrn ~vf ck bivdndngkzvfdng dfnrrkccnrf'Iruigl \cndn|ay(Ofrlfr"BDH?:>>GYBJziairvcf'

yvtòzibk# zfrk f cn rfncidnd' JYkbmniOfgacfr "bdh?:>>gyb J`kfhfrngtf'

Jhiafockkhofrl dibf ~vf fc ecv`k ciorf dfigekrhnbiòg f fcfhfgtk uitnc znrn cn kbifdnd'Evf bifrtk bkg cn ihzrfgtn# f bifrtk znrn T|ittfr'

JDfontf>4G JErfddyLvfunrn ckihzkrtngtf dfc dfontf f ufr fguiuk n vg bngdidntk y v zrkzvftn#nè bkhk cn dfefgn ngtf vgndufrnrik'

"bdh?:>>gyb Konnglk# f}(zrfidfgtf df Gilfrindibf /Zrihfrk# tfgfhk ~vf rfdvbir cn orfbmn dilitncf}itfgtf fg fc hvgdk'/ Jhnttmf|rbrvf'

Tkdk fevfrpk zkr voir df ZO nc ZM#

f hf`kr n ~vfdnrf fg ZO# nè ccflvfnc zik ># ifhzrf frî hf`kr ~vf ZO'®Rvzfrnbiòg.

Cn rfdf kbincf fg "Upcn kg vndnbkhk mfrrnhifgtn df bkhvgibnbiògkbinc fgtrf ck ufgfpkcngk# gk mngncbngpndk v zktfgbinc zkcètibk'

Bkgidfrk ~vf dfofhkiglfginr vg vk hî fefbtiukznrn cn rfdf kbincf ~vfnyvdf bkgtrn cn igflvridnd'»^vé kzign;

Gk f zvfdf nungpnr kbinchfgtf i cnhnykrèn df cn kbifdnd ftî fg cn zkorfpn'Fk f "Upcn mky' Dfofhk nungpnr y brfnrri~vfpn'



94 ( TFBGKCKLÈN ZN_N FC Z_KL_FRK

:=+>>

Cn fukcvbiòg fg cn zkcètibn df cn rfdfkbincf fg "Upcn ftî bkhfgpngdk' Cnfgfrlèn y cn lfgincidnd df ftnmfrrnhifgtn ftî dfzfrtngdk'

Cn rfdf kbincfkg# mky fg dèn# vgenbtkr bkg tngtk zkdfrbkhk ck f fc dfrfbmknc uktk fg cndfhkbrnbin nbtvncf'Véhkcn fg "Upcn'

Konng`k0 Nc hf`krnr cn ncenoftipnbiògoîibn# fk ccfunrî n vgn ncenoftipnbiògdilitnc# ~vf hf`krnrî ck lkoifrgk"bdh?:>>gyb'

Jdkvlcnipnl F}zci~vfhk n ck `òufgf fc znzfc df cn enhicin fg cntrnghiiòg df ck nvtégtibk unckrf y fcihignrfhk hvbmk zrkocfhn'

Cn rfdf kbincf zvfdfg frvticipndn znrn diuidir y brfnrngnr~vèn# dfofhk fdvbnrgkbkhk vvnrik# dfofhkdfefgdfr ftn mfrrnhifgtn'

Fg fc evtvrk# gk zkdrî f}itirlkoifrgk ~vf gk bkgtfhzcfvgn ftrvbtvrn bkhvgibntiunonndn fg fc zkdfr df cnrfdf kbincf'

Cn tfbgkcklènrfzncdn cn rfdfkbincf zfrk ~vifgfmnbfhk vk df fccnkhk gkktrk ykhk ~vifgf cfdnhk uidn'


/Lkoifrgk frèn mizòbritn i zrkhvfufg cn ciofrtnd df f}zrfiòg n trnuédf cn tfbgkcklèn zfrk gk nbfztn diidfgbin/ Jnbnruig "bdh?:>>gyb'

F}bfcfgtf dibviòg fg cn bfgn df JbcvodfhndridJ i J m JNc @_ R di

®Ovfg dèn nhilk. Mky flvihk fg fc fufgtk dfJBCVOdfHND_ID Lrnbin zkr v znrtibiznbiògnbtiun# vtfdf n trnué df ftn rfd ftîg n~vè'



TFBGKCKLÈN ZN_N FC Z_KL_FRK ( 96

Brnil Gf|hng0dfmnbfrf df vgrélihfg dfzòtibk feîbic' Cn znrtf dieèbic flkofrgnr bkrrfbtnhfgtfvgn ufp ~vf bnf'"bdh?:>>gyb'

/Vnhk Enbfokka znrn zrklrnhnrzrktftn# T|ittfr znrn bkkrdignr yYkvTvof znrn dfbircf nc hvgdk/' (Nbtiuit'

"Ufgfpvfcn fgerfgtn vgzrkocfhn ~vf f hnykr dfck ~vf zfgnhk' Mky ufkhî bcnrk fc zrkocfhn ytnhoiég v kcvbiòg' Ckunhk n cklrnr'

bkg Jnbnruig Jnmkgl JNcfb@_k bkg RndilNc Hnmdi fg fc "BDH?:>>GYB'

Fc hvgdk ftî nlitndk' Ckzrigbizncf zrkocfhn ~vf nefbtngn cn kbifdndf df mky fg dèn kgcn enctn df ciofrtnd y cn zkorfpn'

Jklvtifz Lrnbin zkr tv _T y ckbkhfgtnrik' Tifgf rnpòg bkg fc "uktkfcfbtkrnc f}zrfnhk gvftrkbkhzrkhik zkr "Upcn'

:9+>>

Gk f}itf fg fclkoifrgk df"Ufgfpvfcn gi fg cnkzkibiòg# vg cèdfr ~vff ifgtn bcnrnhfgtf y~vf zvfdn fgbnrnr fczrkbfk dfc bnhoik'

Fc ?:>> gk zkgfngtf vgn rfncidnd0tfbgkcklèn y bifgbin'Nhon ftîg tngzrffgtf fg gvftrnuidn ~vf n ufbf gicn gktnhk'



95 ( TFBGKCKLÈN ZN_N FC Z_KL_FRK

:9+>>

Rky kztihitn korf vgn kcvbiògznbèeibn fg "Upcn znrn ncir df ftfrélihfg' Nè ck dffk# hn gk zvfdkfuitnr zfgnr fg ck bkgtrnrik'

Bkgkbfr cn rfncidnd df

"Upcn y cn nzntèn df ck"ufgfpkcngk mnbin cnzkcètibn y nofr ~vf fgvftrn dfrrktn# hf kocilnn znrtibiznr'

Fc ndkbtrignhifgtk zkcètibk fg "Upcn fvg bibck ~vf tf ufgdf fzfrngpn ycvflk tf nei}in mntn fc zvgtk df dnrcn uidn znrn fr ciorf'

Fc vk igtfgk df cn hfdik kbincf y df bkhvgibnbiòg zkr znrtf dfcrélihfg df "Ufgfpvfcn tifgf bkhk ðgibk ko`ftiuk fc ndkbtrignhifgtk'

Gk dfbngnré mntn cklrnr vgnbkgbifgbin bkcfbtiun fg "Upcn#zkr fc ofgfeibik y cn znp dftkdk ck "ufgfpkcngk‥ Vgrftk zfrhngfgtf'

Gk mnbfr gndn ngtf ck ~vfftî hnc tf bkguifrtf fgbòhzcibf y gk ck tkcfrnré'Fzfrk ~vf tð tnhzkbk' Zkrfk znrtibizn fg fc bnhoik'

Cn zkcètibn y ck zkcètibk ftîg vngdk cntfbgkcklèn znrn cklrnr v ko`ftiuk# nc ilvnc~vf znrn ndkbtrignr' Ftf f fc bnk df "Upcn'


Cn kcvbiòg n ck zrkocfhn df "Upcn gk ftîg dfgtrk df vg hkdfckfbkgòhibk zrfbkgbfoidk' Rkbincihk# bnzitncihk# ftb' Dfofhk iggkunr'

Dfofhk brfnr vg lkoifrgk onndk fg vg itfhnfbkgòhibk n`vtndk n cn gfbfidndf df "Upcn#~vf fn fefbtiuk y ~vf lfgfrf ri~vfpn'

Mkcn# ovfg dèn ntkdk ck ~vf gkilvfg' Nlrndfpbk ngvftrk nhilk



TFBGKCKLÈN ZN_N FC Z_KL_FRK ( 9<

®Lrnbin Jiekrgfp . Fcfufgtk hf iruiò dfrfecf}iòg korf fc ihznbtkrfnc ~vf ftîg tfgifgdk

cn rfdf kbincf fg cndfhkbrnbin fg Cnt Nh'

Fc bnzitncihk y fckbincihk gk kgzfrefbtk' Dfofhkbrfnr vg hkdfck zrkzikn`vtndk n cn rfncidnddf "Upcn# bkg hirn ncé}itk'

Cn bkgf}iòg ~vf origdn cn frn dilitnc#n ck zvfock y n v lkofrgngtf#dfof vticipnrf znrn cklrnr bnhoikkbincf zkitiuk' "bdh?:>>gyb'

F zkiocf iggkunr fghkdfck dfhkbrîtibkvtfgtndk fg hkdfckfbkgòhibk gvfuk ~vflfgfrfg ri~vfpn znrn"Ufgfpvfcn'

>:+>>

Cn lrngdf bivdndf dfc hvgdk y v hngdntnriknbtðng fg evgbiòg n hf`krnr cn bncidnd df uidn dfv mnoitngtf' »^vé znn fg "Upcn;

Fg ktrk znèf gk ihzrkuing ck

zrkyfbtk df igernftrvbtvrn' Cnzcngieibnbiòg y f`fbvbiòg kg vgzcng bkmfrfgtf' Fg "Upcn gk f}itf'

Vgn lrng ofgdibiòg df Dik mnrfbioidk Ufgfpvfcn' Cn fþncf ftîgzkr tkdn znrtf' Rf znrtf df fnofgdibiòg' Nhn n tv "Ufgfpvfcn'

Ufr bkhk ktrn bivdndf y znèff}zfrihfgtng ck bnhoik zkitiuk znrnv mnoitngtf# hf ihzvcn znrnigtfgtnrck tnhoiég fg "Upcn'

>5+>>

igtfrgnbikgncf# v

zrfkbvznbiòg zkr"Ufgfpvfcn' Lrnbin'

Kbtvorf# hf df cn cvbmnbkgtrn bîgbfr df hnhn'®Tòbntf. _fbvfrdn ~vf fbvrnocf i f dinlgktibn ntifhzk' Nbvdf nc hédibkngtf bvnc~vifr dvdn'

Dfdf ~vf igibié ftn hiiòg# hi hfgn`fòck mng idk korf tfhn df rfecf}iòg zkcètibnzkr "Upcn' Mky# f ck dfdibk hi zndrf'

Mky dkhiglk# Dik# enhicin y zntrin' Ftf fvg dèn hvy fzfbinc y ck ~vifrk bkhznrtir bkgVd' Mky bvhzcf nþk hi uif`k'



9= ( ENHICIN

:?+>:

Mky hi krnbikgfzkr tkdn n~vfccnzfrkgn ~vf ftîgverifgdk df Bîgbfr yzkr v enhicinrf'Nhfg'

Nc gk zkdfr ftnr fg hi znè# tvuf kocilntkrinhfgtf~vf fznrnrhf df hi enhicin# hi zndrf# hi hndrf#hi mfrhngn y hi korigk'

z y z

Hi enhicin gk f diefrfgtf n cn enhicin ufgfpkcngn# ccfgn df nhkr#mitkrin y hvbmk rfbvfrdk' Zfrk ifhzrf VGIDN' ®Fk ck nhk.

Rky dfc krifgtf

ufgfpkcngk y gk f òckfg krifgtf# ~vf cn enhicinf ihzkrtngtf' Fcufgfpkcngk f mkhorf dfenhicin y ifhzrf frî nè'

KBT'

Hvbmk nofg ~vf ftkyevfrn df "Upcn# ihzkioicitndkdf ukcufr# yn ~vf nccî# gndifzvfdf rfzkgdfr zkr hiflvridnd' ®Fk bnhoinrî.

Hi mfrhngn BnrhfgDfc Unccf fkorfuiuifgtf dfcBîgbfr df hnhn'N Dik lrnbin zkr

tfgfrcn bkg gkktrk'Ftf hf fihzkrtngtf znrn fccn'

>5+>:

ENHICIN

Znzî bvidn n hnhî# ~vfn zfnr dfc nbbidfgtf#ftî cðbidn y `kdfdkrn#bkg îgihk zkr uiuir' NDi ic i

Hi zndrf ftîg zkr bvhzcir 6: nþk df bnndk' Hi hndrf# dfdfmnbf >: nþk ftî fg iccn df rvfdn# zkr vg nbbidfgtf bfrfork unbvcnr'



ENHICIN ( 99

Hi zndrf f hi vzfrmérkf# hi hf`kr y

nhndk nhilk' Df giþk# ck flvènbkhk vgn khorn' Mky ck ilkmnbifgdk dfdf dkgdf fté' ®Ck nhk.

Dik# hic lrnbin# zkr

tfgfrcn bkg gkktrk'

Mky# tritf zkr~vf ftky cf`k df hi zndrf y efcipzkr~vf ftî uiuk y ccfgk df uidn# mnbifgdk ck ~vf ckmnbf efcip''' dnr n ck dfhî'

Mnbf 2 nþk dfnmvbinrkg nhi zndrf# cf difrkg 9: dèn dfuidn' Cn rnpòg0 Bîgbfr dfzròtntn' Mky ftî bkggkktrk‥ ®Ccfgk df uidn.

Hi zndrf mky bvhzcf nþk' ^vipî =2 v =4# <? k<6' Brfk ~vf gndif zkdrî nofrck n tkdnbcnridnd' Bkhk tkdk vzfrmérkf# tifgf fbrftk'

Dnr# znrn hi zndrf# f v

rnpòg df uidn' Nhkr# rfzftk#bkgeingpn# frfgidnd#bkhzniòg# ncflrèn# nzkyk#ri~vfpn# ncvd‥ éc ck dn tkdk'

Hi zndrf hf fgfþò0 –Ck enukrf gkf znlng# f nlrndfbfg‘' N hinhilk df T|ittfr# cf nlrndfpbkzfrhitirhf bkhznrtir bkg Vd'

Igtfgtk bndn dèn zkdfr fhvcnr# fg hi nbtk# nhi zndrf' N Dik cf zidk cn evfrpn znrncklrnrck' ®Bvîgtk ck ndhirk# bvîgtk ck nhk.

Hi zndrf# bkg bîgbfr# gkbnhoiò v uidn# gi vmîoitk rvtignrik yzvihk tkdn gvftrn effg Dik''' ~vifg# bkhkifhzrf# rfzkgdiò'

Mky dkhiglk0 Dik# enhicin y zntrin''' ®Mky hvyefcip. Hi zrkhftidn J|igincunrfp rfbiof vonvtihk bntòcibk# bkhvgiòg y bkgeirhnbiòg'Nhég'



>:: ( ENHICIN

>5+>: 2:+>:

N hi enhicin y nhilk'Dik gk mn zfrhitidkdiervtnr vg tifhzkf}trn dfc nhkr df hizndrf' Ck mfhkunckrndk y ck ftnhkmkgrngdk'

Ccflnr n uif`k fg "Ufgfpvfcn f vg zrkocfhn zvffc itfhn gk evgbikgn znrn fcck' Ck uif`kbnrfbfg df zrktfbbiòg kbinc fg Upcn'

Tkdk bnhoinrî# ck é# y nyvdnré n ~vf nè fn'^vipî hvbmk df gvftrk uif`k gk ufng fkbnhoik# zfrk ilvnc f}itf fc bkhzrkhik'

Fc flvrk kbinc gk evgbikgn gi evgbikgò gvgbn fg "Ufgfpvfcn' F vgn ovrcnn cn dilgidnd df gvftrk uif`k y znrn uif`k unhk tkdk'

Bkhk nofg# hi zndrfftî df uiitn y `vgtk fgenhicin nzkynrfhk nJ|igincunrfp y dnrfhklrnbin n Dik zkr ftnrtkdk oifg y vgidk'

Mky# hi uif`k ~vfridk# dfdfn~vè fg dkgdf ftky# tfifgtk n hi cndk# tf f}trnþktkdk ck dèn' Dfdf n~vèhi uif`k ®Efcip Bvhzcfnþk.

Mky# hi uif`k# `vgtk nhi nhilk# tfbngtnhk tvbvhzcfnþk efcip' N ti@ké Pnhorngk# fcGflrk Pnhorngk'»Hf`kr mkhorf znrnhè; ®Gndif.

GKU' :>+>>

ENHICIN

Cf zrkhftè n hi uif`kgvgbn kcuidnr vzncnorn0 –Mi`k# fg"Upcn gndif f nbvfrdndf ck uif`k' Tv òck tfdirilf n ck `òufgf‘'

Hi uif`k tifgf rnpòg' Vgn "Upcn ~vfevgbikgf dfof fr znrn tkdk y Upcnkhk tkdk' N ti uif`k ~vfridk zrkhftk~vf nè frî' ®Bvhzciré.

Ngtf df dffnrcf ovfgngkbmf# cf rfbvfrdk ~vfftnhk zrffgbingdk fc



ENHICIN ( >:>

®Nhég. ®Nhég. ®Nhég. ®LrnbinDik. Lrnbin zkr dnrgk n cnlckrikn "Uigkgtigtk''' Lngngdkifhzrf "Ufgfpvfcn''' ®Tfgfhk

evtvrk# è.

Ck `òufgf df mky frfhk ck uif`k dfc hnþngn'F vgn lrng ufrdnd' Fg cn cvbmn df ck dfrfbmk# ckuif`k dfofg ir ndfcngtf' Nhég'

Df < oicckgf df mnoitngtf fgfc hvgdk# gvftrn hnykrzrfkbvznbiòg kg 2: hicckgfdf zfrkgn0TKDKR CKR UFGFPKCNGKR'®Kbvzéhkgk df fk.

Yn fg fc hvgdk tfgfhk < oicckgf df

zfrkgn# fgtkgbf cn bkgbifgbinkbinc dfof fr ighfgnhfgtf lrngdf'

Hi "Ufgfpvfcn# dffk bkg tkdk hibkrnpòg fc lrng bnhoik y cn rfbvzfrnbiògdf hi znè' ®Rè f zvfdf.

ftnhk zrffgbingdk fcigibik dfc lrng bnhoik fg"Ufgfpvfcn' ®^vf Dik ckofgdiln.

Dik ofgdiln n gvftrk uif`k#zndrf# novfck y nhilk df cn tfrbfrnfdnd fg "Ufgfpvfcn' Cn tifgfg oifgdieèbic' ®Zfrk ftk bnhoinrî.

>6+>>

Mky dkhiglk Dik# enhiciny zntrin' Ftky dfbvhzcfnþk y dky lrnbinn Dik zkr zfrhitirhfbvidnr df ck hèk y dnrbkg lfgfrkidnd' Nhég'

Mny ~vf nlrndfbfr'Hvbmk f cfungtngzfgngdk fg ckzrkocfhn y vkcvbikgf' Zrihfrk mny~vf zfgnr fg cn bknovfgn ~vf tfgfhk'

Ck znèf kg bkhk zfrkgn# tifgfg vbibck y v bivdndngk gk ifhzrf nzrfgdfgfc hfgn`f# zrkbvrfhk bnhoinr fk'



>:? ( ZK_ UFGFPVFCN

>:+>>

Fg "Upcn# ftk zrò}ihk hffmntn fc < df kbtvorf ?:>?# frîdieèbic fgekbnrf fg ck ~vfrfnchfgtf f ihzkrtngtf# hn gkihzkiocf'

Gk zkdfhk dftfgfr fcnungbf df gvftrn uidn# nèbkhk tnhzkbk zkdfhkdftfgfr fc nungbf df vg znè'Znrtibiznr f ck bkrrfbtk'

>2+>>

Mky ~vifrk nlrndfbfr tkdk ck ~vf mfrfbioidk fg ftn uidn' Cn f}zfrifgbin#ck nungbf# ck trkzifpk# ck ~vf hfmn mfbmk ccflnr n~vè'

F còlibk y gntvrnc ~vf mky tfgln hvbmnrfecf}ikgf' Tfglk n Dik# n hi frf ~vfridky cn ekrtvgn df zkffr nhilk bkhk vtfdf'Nhég'

Vg bibck f igibin mky fg hi uidn y ktrkhî f bifrrn' Nc ~vf f bifrrn# lrnbinzkr zfrhitirhf nzrfgdfr y zkr trnfrhfmntn ftf zvgtk'

Mky# hi hnykr rflnck f zkdfr dnr y bkhznrtir#bkg tkdk# ck ~vf Dik hf mn dndk' Fn f hiffgbin df uidn y fk mnré ifhzrf'

GKU'

ZK_ UFGFPVFCN

Fg ftf gvfuk bibck# tfglk cn nbtitvd bkrrfbtn y ftky zfgdifgtf dfcn fþncf ~vf cn diuigidnd mnyn df`ndk znrn hè' ®Ck mnré oifg.

Fc bkhzrkhik mn idk ifhzrf znrtf igtflrnc df hiuidn' Mky# ufk bkg bcnridnd# ~vf nvhk vgk hî znrnflvir bkhzcfhfgtngdk hi uidn'



ZK_ UFGFPVFCN ( >:2

Dik# rfbkgekrtn n hi zndrf y n himfrhngn' Mnpcf nofr ~vf ftnrîgifhzrf bkghilk y ~vf cn ditngbin fgvcn ngtf gvftrk nhkr'

Ecnuik# mi`k fgtrflndkn hè zkr dftigk dfuidn# lrnbin zkrzrktflfr n gvftrnenhicin bkg tv lrngokgdnd' Frf vgnofgdibiòg y tf nhk'

Uif`k ~vfridk# nlrndfpbk n Dik zkr tfgfrtf y zkdfrdiervtnr df tv okgdnd y noidvrèn' Mky ftî bkghilk#bkhk ifhzrf'

@kf y Znhfcn kg# fgffgbin# cn ofgdibikgfhî lrngdf ~vf Dikhf mn dndk' Hi mi`k# nvtfdf hvbmn lrnbin'Rv nhkr f hi lvèn'

Uif`n ~vfridn''' Irhn' Mky# mnbf 44 nþk hf trn`itf nc hvgdk ybvidntf df hè dfdf fgtkgbf' Lrnbin uif`n# tf nhk' Hicofgdibikgf'

Mky tfrhigk df fbrioir ftfzrihfr ciork df rfecf}ikgf'Zkr hi enhicin# zkr hi mi`k#zkr cn `vufgtvd# zkrUfgfpvfcn'

\igi# nhkr hèk# lrnbin zkrnbkhznþnrhf y ekrtncfbfr ncmkhorf y rflncnrhf tvfgioicidnd df hv`fr' Nhkfk fg ti' ^vf Dik tfofgdiln'



>:4



>:6



>:5

@ké Pnhorngk C' f vg ufgfpkcngk# mkhorf df enhicin# fhzrfnrik# evgdndkr df

diufrn fhzrfn y bkg vg lrng nhkr zkr v Ufgfpvfcn'

F zrfbinhfgtf ftf nhkr ~vf ck ccfun n igibinr vgn bkhvgibnbiòg nbtiun n trnué

df T|ittfr znrn mnbfr rff}ikgnr y rfnbbikgnr n ck ufgfpkcngk'



>:<

Ftf ciork f cn rfbkzicnbiòg df ck zrihfrk >'::: hfgn`ffguindk n trnué df ftn rfd kbinc bkg cn igtfgbiòg df dievgdir nvg hî cn

rff}ikgf y fzfrngpn ~vf tifgf znrn fc evtvrk dfUfgfpvfcn'

Vticipngdk >4: bnrnbtfrf bkhk hfdik df bkgufrnbiòg fg cn rfdf

kbincf# @ké Pnhorngk nzirn n brfnr vgn gvfun bkgbifgbin fg

Ufgfpvfcn# znrn ~vf tkdk `vgtk fgtfgdnhk ~vf ck ~vf gk vgf f

hî lrngdf ~vf ck ~vf gk fznrn'

Ufgfpvfcn khk tkdk# y bndn vgk df gkktrk dfofhk nvhir

gvftrk rkc zrktnlògibk fg fc evtvrk dfc znè'

Zkr fk# gk dn vg rflnck# vgn rfbkzicnbiòg df rff}ikgf zkr ck ~vf

tkdk kþnhk‥ Zkr Vgn Ufgfpvfcn ^vf Evgbikgf'

Zkr Vg Gvfuk Evtvrk

Zkorf Znè _ibk

Ufgfpkcngk Rkhk Tkdk

4

>:

>5



>:= ( ÈGDIBF

Fg fc Îhoitk Igtfrgnbikgnc–Ff Gk f Hi Zfk‘# Rkbincihk znrn Fhzkorfbfr

Vgiòg# Nbbikgf y Ef

Cn Nbbiòg f _fzkgnoicidnd

Df Fcck f Ufgfpvfcn

Krlvcck df Gvftrn "UfgfpvfcnIgflvridnd 8 Dfbkgngpn 8 Igftnoicidnd

Gk Hî Fglnþk

®Hfgk Bkgeviòg y Hî Vgiòg.

>=?:

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24

2=4?

4=

6?

ÈGDIBF

65

5?

54

Ndfcngtk df cn Zrihnrin ! Bngdidntk Ðgibk 8 Trivgek

»^vé Gk Ftnhk Uifgdk;

Cn Vgidnd f cn Vgibn Kzbiòg



ÈGDIBF ( >:9

5=<?

<4

<5

<=

=59?

9=

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Hi Bngdidntk f UfgfpvfcnZkr Gvftrn Ciofrtndf

Bnhoifhk _flnck zkr Zrfhik

Nè Ftnhk

Gvftrk _kc f Evgdnhfgtnc

Ftn @vufgtvd f DiefrfgtfTfbgkcklèn znrn fc Zrklrfk

Enhicin

Zkr Ufgfpvfcn



ZK_ VGN UFGFPVFCN ^VF EVGBIKGF@KRF @' PNHO_NGK C'

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