práctica del amor a jesucristo

7/29/2019 Prctica del amor a Jesucristo

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WKO KJECOWC I FH JANCRAC

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FHJ

KICR K MHWXGRAWVC

Vhxtc rhfugafc

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GK\VXJC 2//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////;1GXOVC IHRHGH WHR KIKFC MHWXGRAWVC \CR HJ KICR [XH OCWICWVR KJ AOWVAVXAR HJ FAUAOC WKGRKIHOVC FHJ KJVKR//////////;1

GK\VXJC 7//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////25JK GCOEAKO]K [XH FHBHICW VHOHR HO HJ KICR [XH MHWXGRAWVCOCW @K IKOAEHWVKFC HO VCFC JC [XH @K @HG@C \CROCWCVRCW/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////25

GK\VXJC 6//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////77JC CBJANKFCW [XH HWVKICW K KIKR K MHWXGRAWVC///////////////////77

GK\VXJC 8//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6

GK\VXJC >//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////82HJ [XH KIK K MHWXGRAWVC WCJKIHOVH HOUAFAK K JCW [XH KIKO

IW K HWVH WHCR Q OC K JCW NRKOFHW FHJ IXOFC/////////////////82GK\VXJC 0//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////8>HJ [XH KIK K MHWXGRAWVC HUAVK JK VABAH]K Q \COH JCW IHFACW\KRK KJGKO]KR JK \HREHGGACO* QK WHK GCO= ; HJ FHWHC* 2 JKRHWCJXGAO* 7 JK IHFAVKGAO* 6 JK GCIXOACO* 8 JKCRKGACO////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////8>

GK\VXJC 1//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>6

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GAVKW BBJAGKW

Kp Kpcgkjapsas

Gc GcraotacsGcj GcjcshoshsGt Gkotkr fh jcs GkotkrhsFt FhuthrcociacHe HehsacsHz HzhquahjEjp EajaphoshsNk Njktks

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Ig IkrgcsIt IkthcCs Cshks\ \hfrc\r \rcvhrbacsR RhyhsRi RcikocsWkj Wkjics

Wb WkbafurkWa Hgjhsastagc WargafkWt WkotakncVb VcbksVi VaicthcVs Vhskjcoaghoshs

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KJ JHGVCR

Gruhj hoehrihfkf kgcihta k Wko Kjecosc ho jcs gciahozcs

fh ;>50/ Jk krtratas quh jc ikrtarazkbk sh eam ho jks vrthbrks fhj

guhjjc* hogcrvofcjc fh tkj suhrth quh hj ihoto sh jh quhf

gjkvkfc ho hj phg`c* kbraofcjh uok jjknk prceuofk y fcjcrcsk/Iahotrks pcstrkfc ho hj jhg`c fhj fcjcr prkgtagkbk ho nrkfc

`hrcagc hj kicr k Mhsugrastc* ho jcs aothrvkjcs fh kjavac quh jh

fhmkbk jk hoehrihfkf* fac hj jtaic rhtcquh k su cbrk \RGVAGK

FHJ KICR K MHWXGRAWVC/

Jk gcipusc k jcs shthotk y fcs kcs fh hfkf* ho jk pjhoatuf

fh tcfc su nhoac* pcoahofc kj shrvagac fh hstk cbrk aogcipkrkbjhgukotc `kbk kprhofafc ho su jkrnk gkrrhrk fh iasacohrc* fh

euofkfcr y fh cbaspc* y jc quh is vkjh* gukotc jh fagtkbk su

gcrkzo fh skotc* kbrkskfc ho hj kicr fh Mhsugrastc/

Rpafkihoth jk cbrk euh trkfugafk k vkraks jhonuks/ Ho

Opcjhs hsgrabk hj skotc k uok rhjanacsk `k safc iuy kjkbkfk

hstk cbrk4 phrc pcgc c okfk ih aipcrtko k i jcs kpjkuscs fh jcs`cibrhs4 ia oagc fhshc hs `kghr kikr k Mhsugrastc ho hstcs

tahipcs* ho jcs gukjhs pkrhgh quh vavh fh tcfcs cjvafkfc/ Wa hj

iuofc oc jc kik* kiicsjc k jc ihocs ocsctrcs gco tcfc ouhstrc

gcrkzo* puhs k j ocs `hics gcosknrkfc/

Hj skotc fhfagk jcs guktrc praihrcs gkptujcs k prcbkrocs fh

iaj favhrsks ikohrks jk ohghsafkf quh thohics fh kikr kMhsugrastc/ j baho skbk quh fh jk gkrafkf prcghfho tcfks jks

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fhis vartufhs y quh hs hj kicr hj quh gcofugh kj kjik `kstk hj

icoth skotc fh jk phrehggao/ Xo thxtc fh Wko \kbjc jh shrvar fh

pruhbk y fh thik kj iasic tahipc ho jk hxpcsagao fh jks vartufhs=

Jk gkrafkf hs suerafk* hs sukvh y baho`hg`crk* jk gkrafkf octahoh hovafak* oc cbrk prhgapatkfk oa thihrkrakihoth* oc sh

hoscrbhgh oa hs kibagacsk4 oc busgk sus aothrhshs* oc sh arratk* oc

pahosk ikj fh okfah4 oc faserutk gco jk aomustagak* sh gcipjkgh gco

jk vhrfkf4 tcfc jc suerh* tcfc jc grhh* tcfc jc hsphrk y tcfc jc

scpcrtk/

Gkfk uok fh hstks gukjafkfhs fhj kicr shrvaro fh ttujc k uogkptujc fh hstk cbrk/ Hj skotc trktk sughsavkihoth fh jk pkgahogak*

fh jk fujzurk* fh jk ùiajfkf* fhj ihocsprhgac fh jk njcrak vkok*

fhj kicr kj prmaic* fh jk gcoecriafkf gco jk vcjuotkf fh Facs* fhj

kicr k jk gruz* fh jk eh* fh jk hsphrkozk y* eaokjihoth* fh jk

ecrtkjhzk ho jks thotkgacohs y fhscjkgacohs hsparatukjhs/

Wko Kjecosc paotk gco ikoc ikhstrk gkfk uok fh hstksvartufhs* muotc gco jcs vagacs y fhehgtcs quh k hjjk sh cpcoho/ Vcfk

su fcgtraok vk kpcykfk ho jk Wknrkfk Hsgraturk y ho jcs hmhipjcs y

pkjkbrks fh jcs nrkofhs skotcs/ [uao jhs `k `hg`c ikoscs y

ùiajfhs fh gcrkzo3 Hj kicr rhspcofh Wko Kjecosc/ [uao

jhs `k scsthoafc ho sus jug`ks gcotrk jks thotkgacohs3 Hj kicr/

[uao jhs `k fkfc tko vavk eh y tko earih hsphrkozk ho ihfac fh

jcs phjanrcs fhj iuofc3 Hj kicr/ [uao jhs `k `hg`c kbrkzkrshgco jk gruz fh Grastc y `kghr fh jk vcjuotkf fh Facs su prcpak

vcjuotkf3 Hj kicr k Mhsugrastc* hj kosk y shf krfahoth fh aiatkrjc

phrehgtkihoth y* scbrh tcfc* jk vcjuotkf earisaik fh fhvcjvhrjh

kicr pcr kicr/

Ho jk hrk thgocjnagk quh ocs `k tcgkfc vavar* tko

fhsùikoazkfk gco erhguhogak* jcs hsgratcs fh Wko Kjecosc

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gcoshrvko pkjpatkoth kgtukjafkf* puhs hsto sjafkihoth

euofkihotkfcs ho jk hshogak fhj Hvkonhjac* hj gukj hs sahiprh

buhok ouhvk/ Gcosgahoths fh jk raquhzk quh hogahrrko* pcohics k

faspcsagao fhj nrko pbjagc jk prhshoth hfagao kbrhvakfk fh hstkcbrk gjsagk/

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Gkptujc ;

GXOVC IHRHGH WHR KIKFC MHWXGRAWVC \CR HJKICR [XH OCW ICWVR HO WX \KWAO

Wa kjnuoc oc kik kj Whcr* shk kokthik (; Gcr ;5* 22!

Oc ihrhgh Facs tcfc ouhstrc kicr3

Vcfk jk skotafkf y phrehggao fhj kjik gcosasth ho kikr k

Mhsugrastc* ouhstrc Facs* Baho scbhrkoc y Wkjvkfcr ouhstrc/ Hj

\kfrh fagh hj prcpac Mhss cs kik pcrquh vcsctrcs ih `kbas

kikfc(Mo ;5*2>!/ Kjnuocs* hxpcoh Wko Erkogas Wkjhs gaerko

jk phrehggao ho jk kusthrafkf fh vafk* ctrcs ho jk crkgao* ctrcs ho

jk erhguhogak fh skgrkihotcs* y ctrcs ho hj rhpkrtc fh jaicsoks4

iks tcfcs sh honkko* pcrquh jk phrehggao hstrabk ho kikr k Facs

fh tcfc gcrkzo/ Qk jc fhgk hj Kpstcj= Wcbrh tcfks jks gcsks

thohf gkrafkf* quh hs hj vogujc fh jk phrehggao (Gcj 7* 6!/ Jkgkrafkf hs kquhjjk vartuf quh uoh hotrh s y gcoshrvk tcfks jks

vartufhs quh `kgho kj `cibrh phrehgtc/ \cr hstc fhgk Wko Knusto=

Kik k Facs y `kz jc quh quahrks* pcrquh gukofc uo kjik hst

hokicrkfk fh Facs* hj iasic kicr jh aogjaok k oc `kghr gcsk quh

jh fhsknrkfh y k `kghr gukotc hst fh su knrkfc/

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\cr vhoturk oc ihrhgh Facs tcfc ouhstrc kicr3 j ocs `k

kikfc fhsfh jk hthroafkf/ Gco kicr phrehgtc th ki (Mr 7;*7!/

Iark* c` `cibrh+ fagh hj Whcr* quh yc eua hj praihrc ho kikrth4

kuo oc `kbks okgafc* tcfkvk hj iuofc oc hxastk* y yc yk thkikbk/ Vh kic fhsfh quh scy Facs4 fhsfh quh ih kih k i* th

ki k ta/ Wcbrkfk rkzo thok jk varnho Wkotk Aos gukofc kj

prhthofhrjk pcr hspcsk uo mcvho quh jk kikbk y rhgjkikbk su

kicr* jh gcothst= Fhmkf fh prhthofhr ia kicr* kikfcrhs fh hsth

iuofc* puhs Facs ih `k kikfc koths quh vcsctrcs* kiofcih

fhsfh tcfk jk hthroafkf4 mustc hs quh k j gcosknrh tcfcs ias

kehgtcs y k j sjc jh hotrhnuh ia gcrkzo/

Uahofc Facs quh jcs `cibrhs sh fhmko ktrkhr pcr jcs

bhoheagacs quh sh jhs `kgho* quasc* ihfakoth sus rhnkjcs*

gkutavkrjcs k su kicr* y pcr hsc famc= Jcs ktrkhr k I gco jkzcs

prcpacs fh `cibrhs y gco gkfhoks fh kicr (Cs ;;*6!* hs fhgar*

ktrkhr k jcs `cibrhs k ia kicr gco kquhjjcs iasics jkzcs fh quh

sh fhmko prhofhr4 gco gkfhoks y jkzcs fh kicr* quh oc ctrk gcsksco gukotcs bhoheagacs `k `hg`c Facs kj `cibrh/ Fhspus fh

`kbhrjh fctkfc fh uo kjik* rhejhmc fh su phrehggao* y fh `kbhrjh

horaquhgafc gco trhs pcthogaks ihicrak* hothofaiahotc y

vcjuotkf* y fh `kbhrjh fkfc uo guhrpc `hricshkfc gco jcs

shotafcs* grh pkrk j hj gahjc y jk tahrrk y gukotc ho hjjcs `ky= jks

hstrhjjks y jcs pjkohtks* jcs ikrhs* jcs rcs* jks euhoths* jcs icothsy jcs vkjjhs* jcs ihtkjhs y jcs erutcs y tkotk favhrsafkf fh koaikjhs*

k eao fh quh* sarvahofc kj `cibrh* kiksh sth k Facs ho

knrkfhgaiahotc pcr tkotcs bhoheagacs/ Hj gahjc y jk tahrrk ih hsto

fagahofc quh th kih* fhgk Wko Knusto/ Facs y Whcr ic*

prcshnuk* guotks gcsks vhc ho jk tahrrk* y pcr hogaik fh hjjk*

tcfks ih fko vcghs y ih gcovafko k quh th kih* pcrquh tcfks ksu ikohrk ih fagho quh pcr kicr ic jks `ks grhkfc/

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Gukofc fhsfh su hrhiatcrac hj kbkf Rkog* euofkfcr fh jk

Vrkpk* sh fhthok k gcothipjkr jks gcjaoks y jks euhoths* jks

kvhgajjks y jks ejcrhs fhj gkipc* jks hstrhjjks y jk bvhfk kzuj fhj

gahjc* shotk su kjik aoejkikrsh ho kicr k Facs* kj gcosafhrkr quhpcr su kicr jhs `kbk fkfc hj shr/ Jc iasic jh cgurrk gukofc k

Wkotk Ikrk Iknfkjhok fh \kzzas* gukofc gcnk uok `hricsk ejcr*

y ks fhgk= Hs pcsabjh quh fhsfh tcfk jk hthroafkf `kyk Facs

phoskfc ho grhkr hstk ejcrhgajjk pcr kicr ic34 ks quh jk tkj

ejcrhgajjk sh trcgkbk pkrk hjjk ho kicrcsc fkrfc quh jh `hrk

sukvhihoth y jk uok is gco Facs/ K su vhz* Wkotk Vhrhsk fhgk

quh gukofc iarkbk jcs rbcjhs* jks prkfhrks* jcs rakgùhjcs y jks

euhoths* quh tko bhjjks grakturks jh rhgcrfkbko su aonrktatuf pkrk

gco Facs* pcr hj pcgc kicr gco quh kikbk k su Grhkfcr* quh gco

tkotc kicr jks `kbk grhkfc pkrk hjjk/ Vkibao k uo scjatkrac quh

pkshkbk pcr hj gkipc* jh pkrhgk quh jks ejcrhs quh k su pksc

`kjjkbk jh hg`kbko ho gkrk su aonrktatuf pkrk gco Facs* pcr jc quh

kgkragaofcjks sukvhihoth gco su bksto jhs fhgk= Gkjjkf* cs jcruhnc4 ih jjkias aonrktc y ih fhgs quh Facs cs grh pcr kicr

ic y quh yc oc jh kic4 yk cs hotahofc4 gkjjkf y oc ih hgàs is

ho gkrk ia aonrktatuf/

Wh ocs fac tcfc hothrc

Iks oc sh gcothot Facs gco `kbhrocs fkfc tko `hricsksgrakturks* saoc quh pkrk nrkomhkrsh tcfc ouhstrc kicr* j iasic sh

ocs fac tcfc hothrc= \crquh fh tkj ikohrk ki Facs kj iuofc quh

jh fac k su @amc uoanoatc (Mo 7*;5!/ Uahofc hj Hthroc \kfrh quh

hstbkics iuhrtcs pcr hj phgkfc y pravkfcs fh su nrkgak* qu

àzc3 \cr hj hxghsavc kicr quh ocs thok* hova k su quhrafsaic

@amc pkrk sktasekghr pcr ocsctrcs y fhvcjvhrocs jk vafk fh jk nrkgakquh hj phgkfc ocs `kbk krrhbktkfc= \hrc Facs* quh hs ragc ho

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iashragcrfak* icvafc fhj hxghsavc kicr gco quh ocs ki* kuo

gukofc hstbkics iuhrtcs pcr hj phgkfc* ocs fac vafk muotkihoth

gco Grastc(He 2* 6)8!/

Q fofcocs k su @amc oc phrfcoofcjc pkrk phrfcokrocs kocsctrcs* ocs jc `k fkfc tcfc gco j= su nrkgak* su kicr* hj gahjc*

puhstc quh tcfcs hstcs bahohs sco sao gcipkrkgao fh is oeaic

prhgac quh su @amc/ Hj quh oa k su prcpac @amc phrfco* saoc quh jc

hotrhn k iuhrth pcr tcfcs ocsctrcs* gic oc ocs `k fh fkr gco

j tcfks jks gcsks3 (Ri 0*72!/

Icvafc kfhis hj @amc pcr hj kicr quh ocs thok* sh ocs factkibao pcr hothrc/ Ocs ki y pcr ocsctrcs sh hotrhn k jk iuhrth

(Nk 2*2

fhvcjvhrocs jk nrkgak favaok y hj pkrksc phrfafc* sh àzc `cibrh y

sh vasta fh gkroh gcic ocsctrcs/ Q hj Uhrbc sh àzc gkroh (Ejp

2*0!/ Q vaics k jk Ikmhstkf aoeaoatk gcic kocokfkfk/ Wh kocfkf

k W iasic tcikofc ecrik fh sahrvc y `kgaofcsh shihmkoth k jcs

`cibrhs(Ejp 2*>!/ @h kqu hj Whcr fhj uoavhrsc quh sh rhbkmk k

tcikr jk ecrik fh hsgjkvc y quh sh sumhtk k tcfks jks iashraks quh

jcs fhis `cibrhs pkfhgho/

\hrc jc quh is fhbhics kfiarkr hs quh* pufahofc iuy baho

`kbhrocs pcfafc skjvkr sao pkfhghr oa icrar* hsgcna uok vafk fh

ùiajjkgacohs y trkbkmcs y uok iuhrth gruhj h anociaoacsk* `kstk

icrar ho gruz* pktbujc aoekih rhshrvkfc k jcs ikj`hg`crhs/ Whùiajj* `kgaofcsh cbhfahoth `kstk jk iuhrth* y uok iuhrth fh

gruz(Ejp 2*0!/ Q pcr qu pufahofc rhfaiarocs sao pkfhghr hsgcna

uok iuhrth fh gruz3 \krk fkrocs k hothofhr hj kicr quh ocs

thok/ Ocs ki y sh hotrhn k jk iuhrth pcr ocsctrcs (He 8*2!/

\crquh ocs kikbk sh kbrkz gco jcs fcjcrhs* sh cerhga k tcfk

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suhrth fh anociaoaks y sh hotrhn k jk iuhrth is kikrnk y

kerhotcsk quh `cibrh kjnuoc pkfhga scbrh jk tahrrk/

Rkzo* puhs* thok kquhj nrko kikfcr fh Mhsugrastc* Wko

\kbjc* pkrk hxgjkikr= Hj kicr fh Grastc ocs kprhiak (2 Gc 8*;6!*fofcocs k hothofhr quh hj kicr gco quh Mhsugrastc ho hj pkfhghr

ocs `kbk icstrkfc* quh jh cbjankbk y jh ecrzkbk k kikrjc/

Gcihotkofc Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs hstk gatk* fhgk= Wkbhf quh

Mhsugrastc* ouhstrc vhrfkfhrc Facs* ocs ki `kstk quhrhr suerar jk

is kerhotcsk iuhrth fh gruz4 oc shotaics pcr hjjc gcic

prhoskfcs ouhstrcs gcrkzcohs y kprhtkfcs gco euhrzk* pkrk

hxpraiar fh hjjcs hj kicr gco uok vacjhogak quh gukotc is euhrth*

tkotc is fhjhatcsk3 Q juhnc kkfh= \cr qu oc ocs

kbrkzkics k Mhss grugaeagkfc* pkrk icrar gco j ho jk gruz* yk quh

ho hjjk pcr ouhstrc kicr quasc icrar3/// Xo iasic euhnc gcosuiar

kj Grhkfcr y k su iashrkbjh grakturk4 ia Mhss hs tcfc ic y yc

tcfc suyc/ Uavar y icrar scbrh su phg`c* y oa jk iuhrth oa jk vafk

shro pcfhrcsks pkrk shpkrkrih fh j/ C` kicr hthroc+* ia kjikth busgk y th hjanh pkrk sahiprh/ Uho* Hspratu Wkotc h aoejkik

ouhstrcs gcrkzcohs ho tu kicr/ C kikr c icrar+ Icrar y kikr+

Icrar k tcfc ctrc kicr pkrk vavar ho hj fh Mhss y ks oc icrar

hthrokihoth y vavahofc ho ouhstrc kicr hthroc* c` Wkjvkfcr fh

jks kjiks+* gkotkrhics hthrokihoth= Uavk Mhss+ Qc kic k

Mhss+ Uavk Mhss* k quaho kic+ Qc kic k Mhss* quh vavh y rhaokpcr jc sanjcs fh jcs sanjcs+ Kio/

Hrk tko aoihosc hj kicr fh Mhsugrastc `kgak jcs `cibrhs* quh

gco kosks susparkbk pcr hj icihotc fh jk iuhrth* pkrk pcohr fh

ikoaeahstc hj tahroc kicr quh ocs thok* y pcr hsc rhphtk= Vhonc

quh rhgabar uo bkutasic* y qu konustaks jks iks `kstk quh sh

guipjk+(Jg ;2*8

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y gic ih kprahtk hj fhshc quh jjhnuh prhstc jk `crk fh ia

\ksao* k eao fh quh hj `cibrh gciprhofk hj kicr quh jh thonc+ Fh

k` quh Wko Muko* `kbjkofc fh kquhjjk ocg`h ho jk quh Mhsugrastc

gcihoz su \ksao* hsgrabahrk= Wkbahofc Mhss quh `kbk jjhnkfcjk `crk fh pkskr fh hsth iuofc kj \kfrh* gcic `ubahsh kikfc k

jcs suycsquh hstkbko ho hj iuofc* jcs ki `kstk hj hxtrhic (Mo

;7*;!/ Hj Rhfhotcr jjkikbk kquhjjk `crk jk suyk* pcrquh hj tahipc

fh su iuhrth sahiprh `kbk safc jk `crk pcr j fhshkfk* ho jk gukj

quhrk fkr k jcs `cibrhs hj pcstrhr thstaicoac fh su kicr*

iurahofc pcr hjjcs ho uok gruz* kgkbkfc y gcosuiafc fh fcjcrhs/

@zcjc hj kicr

Iks* quao euh tko pcfhrcsc quh icva k uo Facs k icrarkmustagakfc ho uo pktbujc ho ihfac fh fcs graiaokjhs3 @zcjc hjkicr fagh Wko Bhrokrfc quh oc hotahofh puotcs fh `cork/[uh gukofc hj kicr quahrh fkrsh k gcocghr oc tahoh guhotk jc quhaipcrtk k jk fanoafkf fhj kikoth* saoc quh busgk hj icfc fh fkrsh

k gcocghr k jk phrscok kikfk/ Ks ocsctrcs* kj vhr k Mhsugrastcgrugaeagkfc* fhbarkics hxgjkikr kbrkskfcs pcr hj kicr= C`kicr* c` kicr+

Wa jk eh oc ocs jc kshnurkr quao ocs pcfrk phrsukfar quhuo Facs cioapcthoth* ehjagsaic y shcr fh tcfc gukotc hxasth*jjhnkrk k kikr fh tkj icfc kj `cibrh quh pkrhgahrk gcic euhrk fhs3 @hics vastc k jk Wkbafurk iasik fagh Wko JcrhozcMustaoakoc* kj Uhrbc hthroc* gcic hojcquhgafc pcr hj hxghsavckicr quh tahoh k jcs `cibrhs/ Wkotk Iknfkjhok fh \kzzas tciuo fk hj grugaeamc ho sus ikocs y hxgjki= Ho vhrfkf* Mhss ic*quh hsts jcgc fh kicr4 jc fanc y jc far sahiprh= Hrhs jcgc fhkicr* Mhss ic/ Iks oc rhspcofh Wko Facoasac Krhcpknatk*oc hs jcgurk* saoc okturkj hehgtc fhj favaoc kicr4 quh `kgh kjkikoth skjar fh s pkrk fkrsh hothrkihoth kj kikfc/

C` sa jcs `cibrhs sh fhtuvahrko k gcosafhrkr* gukofc vho kMhss grugaeagkfc* hj kicr quh jhs tuvc k gkfk uoc fh hjjcs+ Qgic oc quhfkrkics kbrkskfcs fh krfahoth ghjc hxgjkik Wko

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Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs k jk vastk fh jks jjknks quh kbrksko kjRhfhotcr3 Jjkikbk Wko Buhokvhoturk k jks jjknks fh Grastc*jjknks quh àhrho jcs is furcs gcrkzcohs y quh aoejkiko hokicr k jks kjiks is erks quh hj àhjc/ [u ejhg`ks fh kicr

skjho fh hsks jjknks pkrk `hrar jcs is hofurhgafcs gcrkzcohs*qu jjkiks pkrk kbrkskr jcs gcrkzcohs is `hjkfcs* qu jkzcstahofh fhsfh hsh gcrkzo kbahrtc pkrk gkutavkr jcs gcrkzcohs isrhbhjfhs+

Wko Muko fh Kvajk kofkbk tko hokicrkfc fh Mhsugrastc quhoc skbk prhfagkr sao `kbjkr fhj kicr aogciprhosabjh quh Mhssocs tahoh=

C` kicr favaoc* quh skjasth fh Facs* y bkmksth kj `cibrh* y

tcroksth k Facs+ \crquh oc kiksth kj `cibrh pcr hj `cibrh* saocpcr Facs4 y ho tkotk ikohrk jc kiksth quh quaho gcosafhrk hsthkicr oc puhfh hsgcofhrsh fh tu kicr* pcrquh `kghs euhrzk k jcsgcrkzcohs* gcic fagh tu Kpstcj= Jk gkrafkf fh Grastc ocs `kgheuhrzk/ Hstk hs jk euhoth y cranho fhj kicr fh Grastc pkrk gco jcs`cibrhs* sa `ky kjnuoc quh jc quahrk skbhr/ \crquh oc hs gkusk fhhsth kicr jk vartuf* jk bcofkf* oa jk `hricsurk fhj `cibrh* saoc jksvartufhs fh Grastc* y su knrkfhgaiahotc* y su nrkgak* y su aohekbjh

gkrafkf pkrk gco Facs/ Hstc sanoaeagkbko kquhjjks pkjkbrks suyks*quh famc hj muhvhs fh jk Ghok= \krk quh gcoczgk hj iuofc guotcyc kic k ia \kfrh* jhvkotkcs y vkics fh kqu (Mo ;6*7;!/Kfofh3 K icrar pcr jcs `cibrhs ho jk Gruz/

\crquh sa ks gcic jh ikofkrco pkfhghr uok iuhrth* jhikofkrko iajjkrhs fh iuhrths* pkrk tcfc thok kicr/ Q sa gcichstuvc kquhjjks trhs `crks pkfhgahofc ho jk Gruz* euhrk ihohsthrhstkr kjj `kstk hj fk fhj Muagac* kicr `kbk pkrk tcfc* sa ocs euhrk

ohghskrac/ Fh ikohrk* quh Mhss iug`c is ki* quh pkfhga///\crquh tkotks `hrafks* y tkotks jjknks y kzcths* sao fufk ocsprhfagko nrko kicr* is oc fagho tcfk jk nrkofhzk quh tahoh*pcrquh ikycr sh `kyk pcr fhotrc fh jc quh pkrhgh pcr euhrk/// stkhs jk ikycr shkj quh puhfh thohr hj kicr* fkr jk vafk pcr suskiancs/

Hstc hs jc quh `kgh skjar fh s y quhfkr ktoatcs (k jcsvhrfkfhrcs àmcs y kiancs!* gukofc rhgcnafcs ho hj shgrhtc fh su

gcrkzo* jhs fhsgubrh hstcs shgrhtcs y sh jcs fk k shotar/ Fh kquokgh hj fhs`kghrsh y fhshkr jcs ikrtaracs4 fh kqu hj nczkrsh gco

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jks trabujkgacohs y hj fhshkr jcs tcrihotcs* `cjnkrsh fh jc quh tcfchj iuofc thih y kbrkzkr jc quh hj iuofc kbcrrhgh/// Hj kjik fagh Wko Kibrcsac quh hst fhspcskfk gco Mhsugrastc yvcjuotkrakihoth sh muotk gco j ho jk gkik fh jk gruz* oaonuok

gcsk tahoh pcr is njcracsk quh trkhr gcosanc jks aosanoaks fhjGrugaeagkfc/ \uhs gic th pknkr yc* Kikfcr ic* hsth kicr3[uh jk skonrh sh rhgciphosk gco skonrh/ \cr hstc fagh hj Kpstcj=Icrasth pkrk shr Whcr fh vavcs y iuhrtcs* oc gco kihokzks ygkstancs* saoc gco cbrks fh kicr(Ri ;6*1!/

C` rcbkfcr fh gcrkzcohs+* jk euhrzk fh tu kicr `kquhbrkotkfc jk furhzk fh ouhstrcs gcrkzcohs4 V `ks aoejkikfctcfc hj iuofc ho tu kicr/// [u `ks `hg`c* Kicr fujgsaic3

[u `ks quhrafc `kghr ho ia gcrkzo3 Kguf k Va pkrk quh ihgurkshs* y ih `ks `hrafc/

C` kikfc Whcr+* hibraknk ouhstrcs gcrkzcohs gco hshvaoc* kbrskjcs gco hsh euhnc* `arhjcs gco hsk ejhg`k fh tu kicr/Oc scjkihoth jk gruz* iks jk iasik eanurk quh ho hjjk tahohs* ocsjjkik fujghihoth kj kicr= jk gkbhzk tahohs rhgjaokfk pkrk crocs yfkrocs bhscs fh kicr4 jcs brkzcs tahohs thofafcs pkrk kbrkzkrocs*jks ikocs knumhrhkfks pkrk fkrocs tus bahohs* hj gcstkfc kbahrtc

pkrk rhgabarocs ho tus hotrkks* jcs pahs gjkvkfcs pkrk hsphrkrocsy pkrk ouogk pcfhr kpkrtkrth fh ocsctrcs/ Fh ikohrk quh*iarofcth* Whcr* ho jk gruz* tcfc gukotc vho ias cmcs gcovafk kkikrcs= hj ikfhrc* jk eanurk* hj iasthrac* jks `hrafks fh tu guhrpc* yscbrh tcfc hj kicr aothracr quh ih fk vcghs quh th kih y quhouogk th cjvafh ia gcrkzo/ (Vrktkfc fhj kicr fh Facs!/

\hrc pkrk kjgkozkr hj phrehgtc kicr fh Mhsugrastc hsohghskrac hipjhkr jcs ihfacs quh k hjjc gcofugho/ @h kqu jc quh

ocs prcpcoh Wkotc Vcis fh Kquaoc=; Vhohr gcotaouk ihicrak fh jcs bhoheagacs fh Facs* tkotc

nhohrkjhs gcic pkrtagujkrhs/ 2 Vhohr sahiprh prhshoth jk aoeaoatkbcofkf fh Facs* quh k gkfk aostkoth ocs jjhok fh ekvcrhs* y kjiasic tahipc quh ocs hst kikofc* rhgjkik tkibao hogcrrhspcofhogak ouhstrc kicr/ 7 Hvatkr gco suik fajanhogak tcfcgukotc j rhpruhbk* kuo jc is ioaic/ 6 Fhsphnkr hj gcrkzo fhjcs bahohs thrrhocs* fh jks raquhzks y fh jcs pjkghrhs fh jcs

shotafcs/

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Ctrc icfc iuy hxghjhoth pkrk kjgkozkr hj phrehgtc kicr fhMhsugrastc gcosasth ho ihfatkr ho jk sknrkfk \ksao/ Hotrh tcfksjks fhvcgacohs* jk \ksao fh Mhsugrastc hs jk fhvcgao fh jks

fhvcgacohs* jk is taj* jk is quhrafk fh Facs* jk quh isgcosuhjk k jcs phgkfcrhs y jk quh ihmcr aoejkik jks kjikskikoths/ Q pcr fofh ocs vahoho is nrkgaks quh pcr jk pksaofh Mhsugrastc3 Hjjk hs bjskic fh gcosuhjc pkrk jcs pcbrhsphgkfcrhs y jk quh fhrrath ho krfcrhs fh gkrafkf jcs gcrkzcohshokicrkfcs/ Fofh euofk ouhstrk hsphrkozk hj phrfo* jkecrtkjhzk gcotrk jks thotkgacohs* jk gcoeakozk ho kjgkozkr jkskjvkgao3 Fofh tahoho su euhoth tkotks scbrhokturkjhs

aosparkgacohs* hscs sajbcs kicrcscs* hscs aipujscs fh gkibakr fhvafk y tkotcs fhshcs fh fkrocs k Facs* saoc ho jk \ksao fhMhsugrastc3 Wcbrkfk rkzo thok hj Kpstcj gukofc jkozkbkikjfagao gcotrk quaho oc kiksh k Mhsugrastc= Wa kjnuoc oc kik kOuhstrc Whcr Mhsugrastc* shk kokthik (Gc ;5*22!/

Fagh Wko Buhokvhoturk quh oc gcocgh fhvcgao is heagkzpkrk `kghrsh skotc quh jk ihfatkgao fh jk \ksao fh Grastc4 y pcrhstc kgcoshmk k tcfcs jcs quh quahrho kvkozkr ho hj kicr fh Facs

quh ihfatho fakrakihoth ho hjjk/ Q yk koths Wko Knusto `kbkfag`c quh is vkjh uok jnraik fhrrkikfk ho ihicrak fh jk\ksao fh Grastc quh kyuokr k pko y knuk furkoth uok shikok/Fh k` quh jcs skotcs sahiprh hstuvahsho ihfatkofc jcs fcjcrhs fhMhsugrastc/

Xo gkbkjjhrc hogcotr gahrtc fk k Wko Erkogasgc jjcrkofc yjkihotofcsh k nrkofhs vcghs* y prhnuotofcjh hj ictavc*rhspcofa= Jjcrc jcs fcjcrhs y jks anociaoaks fh ia Whcr4 y jc quh

is phok ih fk hs vhr quh jcs `cibrhs* pcr jcs gukjhs tkotksaomuraks `k suerafc* vavho cjvafkfcs fh j/ Q k gcotaoukgao rhfcbjjks jnraiks* `kstk hj hxtrhic fh quh hj gkbkjjhrc prcrruipatkibao ho scjjczcs/ Gukofc hj skotc ck bkjkr k uo gcrfhrajjc cvhk gukjquahr gcsk quh jh rhgcrfkrk jcs pkfhgaiahotcs fh Grastc*bkstkbk pkrk quh rcipahsh ho kikrnks jnraiks y susparcs/

Kquhmkfc gahrtc fk fh nrkvh hoehrihfkf* jh aosaoukrco quh jhjhyhsho uo jabrc fh pahfkf= Ia jabrc hs Mhss grugaeagkfc*

rhspcofa/ Q pcr hstc oc `kgk ctrk gcsk quh hx`crtkr k sus`hrikocs k quh phosksho sahiprh ho jk \ksao fhj Wkjvkfcr/

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[uao fh Facs oc sh hokicrk gcothipjkofc k Mhss grugaeagkfc*oc sh hokicrkr mkis/

Kehgtcs y phtagacohs

C` Uhrbc hthroc+* `ks pkskfc trhaotk y trhs kcs fh trkbkmcs*sufcrhs y phoks4 `ks fkfc tcfk tu skonrh y tu vafk pcr ouhstrcrhsgkth4 ho suik* okfk `ks phrfcokfc pkrk `kghrth kikr fhj`cibrh/ Q gic puhfh `kbhr `cibrhs quh skbahofc tcfc hstctcfkvk oc th kiko3 K`* Facs ic* quh hotrh hstcs aonrktcs ihguhotc yc+ Gcoeahsc* Mhss ic* ia aonrktatuf* tho pahfkf fh i4 thcerhzgc ia pcbrh gcrkzo* aonrktc* hs vhrfkf* phrc krrhphotafc/

Wcbrh tcfc ikj ih krrhpahotc* Rhfhotcr ic* fh `kbhrthihocsprhgakfc4 ih krrhpahotc y th kic gco tcfc ia gcrkzo/

Kjik ik* kik k uo Facs `hg`c prasacohrc pcr ta* k ikohrk fhgraiaokj4 k uo Facs kzctkfc gcic hsgjkvc pcr ta4 k uo Facs `hg`crhy fh burjks pcr ta* k uo Facs eaokjihoth* iuhrtc ho gruz gcic uoikj`hg`cr pcr ta/

W* th kic* Facs y Wkjvkfcr ic* th kic/ Rhgurfkih saoghskr guotc `ks suerafc pcr i* pkrk quh mkis ih cjvafh fh

kikrth/Gcrfhjhs quh ktksthas k Mhss* ktkfih tkibao gco j4

hspaoks quh gcrcoksthas k Mhss* `hrafih fh kicr k Hj4 gjkvcs quhgjkvksthas k Mhss* gjkvkfih ho jk gruz gco tu j* pkrk quh gco Hjvavk y iuhrk/

Wkonrh fh Mhss* hibrankih ho su skotc kicr4 iuhrth fh

Mhss* `kzih icrar k tcfc kehgtc thrrhoc4 pahs trkspkskfcs fh iaWhcr* k ta ih kbrkzc pkrk quh ih jabras fhj ihrhgafc aoeahroc*pcrquh kjj ho hj aoeahroc oc pcfrk kikrth* y yc quahrc kikrthsahiprh/ Kikfc Wkjvkfcr ic* skjvkfih* hstrhg`kfih gcotrk Va yoc phriatas quh vuhjvk mkis k phrfhrcs/

C` Ikrk* Ikfrh fh ia Wkjvkfcr y rheunac fh phgkfcrhs+kyufkf k hsth phgkfcr quh quahrh kikr k Facs y quh k ta shhogciahofk= pcr hj kicr quh thoas k Facs* vhoaf ho ia scgcrrc/

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Gkptujc 2

GXOVC IHRHGH WHR KIKFC MHWXGRAWVC \CR HJKICR [XH OCW ICWVR KJ AOWVAVXAR HJ FAUAOC

WKGRKIHOVC FHJ KJVKR

Ks oc fufkras mkis fh jc quh cs kic

Wkbahofc Mhss quh `kbk jjhnkfc jk `crk fh pkskr fh hsthiuofc kj \kfrh* gcic `ubahsh kikfc k jcs suycs* quh hstkbko hohj iuofc* kj eao jcs ki `kstk hj hxtrhic (Mo ;7*;!/ Koths fhhotrhnkrsh k jk iuhrth pcr ocsctrcs quasc fhmkrocs jk ihmcr prhofk

fh kicr quh pcfk* hj fco fhj Wkotsaic Wkgrkihotc/ Hotrh tcfksjks shkjhs fh kiastkf fagh Wko Bhrokrfaoc fh Whok* jks quhsh `kgho ho hj ranurcsc trkogh fh jk iuhrth quhfko ho jk ihicrakaiprhsks gco is aofhjhbjhs gkrkgthrhs y sco is fhjhatkbjhs kjgcrkzo/ \cr jc gukj hs gcstuibrh hotrh jcs `cibrhs fhmkr kj icrark jks phrscoks quh is `kyko kikfc ho jk vafk kjno prhshothgcic rhguhrfc fhj kicr quh jhs `ko thoafc/ \hrc t* Mhss ic* kjpkrtar fh hsth iuofc qu ocs `ks fhmkfc ho thstaicoac fh tu

kicr3 Oc yk uo vhstafc c uo koajjc* saoc tu guhrpc y tu skonrh* tukjik* tu favaoafkf* tcfc jc quh hrhs* sao rhshrvkrth okfk/ Wh th `kfkfc pcr hothrc fagh Wko Muko Grasstcic* oc rhshrvofcshokfk pkrk s/ Hs shothogak fhj Gcogajac fh Vrhotc quh ho hsth fcoquh Mhsugrastc ocs `azc* aostatuyhofc jk Hugkrastk* quasc gcicfhrrkikr scbrh jcs `cibrhs tcfcs jcs thscrcs y raquhzks quh pkrkhjjcs thok rhshrvkfcs/ Gukofc jcs `cibrhs trktkbko fh quatkr kGrastc jk vafk* tci hj pko y fkofc nrkgaks jc pkrta y famc= Vcikf y

gcihf* hsth hs ia guhrpc (A Gc ;;*27!/

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\cr hstc Wkotc Vcis thok scbrkfk rkzo ho jjkikr k hsthskgrkihotc fh kicr* prhofk fh gkrafkf/ Wkgrkihotc fh kicr*pcrquh sjc hj kicr icva k Mhsugrastc k fkrsh pcr gcipjhtc4 y

prhofk fh gkrafkf* k eao fh quh sa kjnuok vhz fufrkics fh su

kicr* `kjjrkics fh j uok nkrkotk ho hsth skgrkihotc/ Gcic saùbahrk fag`c ouhstrc Rhfhotcr kj fhmkrocs hsth fco= Wa pcr vhoturkfufas fhj kicr quh cs thonc* `h kqu quh ih hotrhnc k vcsctrcsho hsth skgrkihotc4 gco tkj prhofk k vuhstrk faspcsagao* yk ocpcfras fufkr fh ia kicr* y fh ia kicr hxtrkcrfaokrac/

Wko Bhrokrfc jjkik k hsth skgrkihotc kicr fh jcs kicrhs*pcrquh hsth fco hs suik y gciphofac fh tcfcs jcs fhis quhFacs ocs `k `hg`c* jk grhkgao* jk rhfhogao* jk prhfhstaokgao k jk

njcrak* pcrquh* gcic gkotk jk Anjhsak* jk Hugkrastk oc sjc hsprhofk fhj kicr quh Mhsugrastc ocs tahoh* saoc tkibao prhofk fhjpkrksc quh quahrh fkrocs/ \cr hstc Wko Ehjaph Ohra oc kghrtkbk kjjkikr k Mhsugrastc ho hj Wkotsaic Wkgrkihotc saoc gco hj ocibrhfh kicr* y kj eaokj fh su vafk* gukofc jh jjhvkrco hj Uatagc*hxgjki= @h kqu hj kicr ic* fkfih k ia kicr/

[uao jc ùbahsh aiknaokfc3

[uhrk hj prcehtk Askks quh pcr tcfks pkrths sh prhncokshojks kicrcsks aovhogacohs fh ouhstrc Facs pkrk `kghrsh kikr fhjcs `cibrhs4 phrc quao mkis sh ùbahsh aiknaokfc* sa Facs ocjc ùbahrk `hg`c* quh hj Uhrbc hogkrokfc sh cgujtksh bkmc jkshsphgahs fh pko pkrk `kghrsh ouhstrc kjaihotc3 \crquh* ocsuhok k jcgurk fagh Wko Knustofhgar= Gcihf ia gkroh ybhbhf ia skonrh3

Gukofc Mhsugrastc rhvhj k jcs fasgpujcs hsth skgrkihotcquh ocs quhrk fhmkr* rhsastkosh k grhhrjc y sh kpkrtkbko fh j*fagahofc= Gic puhfh sth fkrocs k gcihr su prcpak skonrh3Furc hs hsth jhonukmh4 quao puhfh crjc3 (Mo 5* 87)5;!/ \hrc jcquh jcs `cibrhs oc pcfko phoskr oa grhhr* jc phos y hmhgut hjnrkofh kicr fh Mhsugrastc/ Vcikf y gcihf* famc k jcs fasgpujcskoths fh skjar k su pksao* y ho jcs hjjcs ocs jc fhgk k ocsctrcs/\hrc* c` Wkjvkfcr fhj iuofc* y guj hs hj kjaihotc quh koths fh

icrar ocs quhras fkr3 Vcikf y gcihf ih rhspcofas* sth

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hs ia guhrpc4 oc hs sth kjaihotc thrrhokj* saoc quh scy yc iasicquaho ih fcy tcfc k vcsctrcs/

[u kosaks tahoh Mhsugrastc fh uoarsh k ouhstrks kjiks ho jksknrkfk gciuoao+Krfahothihoth `h fhshkfc gcihr hsth Gcrfhrc

\ksgukj gco vcsctrcs (Jg 22*;8!/ Ks jh `azc hxgjkikr hj aoihosckicr quh ocs thok/ Q pkrk quh gco ikycr ekgajafkf pufarkicsrhgabarjc* quasc cgujtkrsh bkmc jks hsphgahs fh pko/ Wa sh `ubahrkcgujtkfc bkmc jks kpkrahogaks fh kjno kjaihotc rkrc c fh subafcprhgac* jcs pcbrhs quhfkrko pravkfcs fh j/ \hrc oc* Mhsugrastcquasc quhfkrsh bkmc jks hsphgahs fh pko* quh hst bkrktc y tcfcsjc puhfho `kjjkr* pkrk quh tcfcs* y ho tcfcs jcs pkshs jc puhfko`kjjkr y rhgabar/

\krk quh ocs fhgafashics k rhgabarjc ho jk Gciuoao* ocsjc ocs hx`crtk k hjjc* gco rhphtafks aovatkgacohs Uhoaf k gcihrfh ia pko y bhbhf fhj vaoc quh `h ihzgjkfc (\rcb/ 1*8!/ Gcihf*kiancs4 bhbhf y hibraknkcs* quhrafcs (Gkot 8* ;!* saoc quh ocsjc aipcoh gcic prhghptc= Vcikf y gcihf* hsth hs ia guhrpc (A Gc;;*78!/ Q pkrk aogjaokrocs k rhgabarjc ocs kjahotk gco jks prcihsksfhj gahjc= Hj quh gcih hsth pko vavar hthrokihoth (Mo 5*86!/ Hosuik* kj quh oc quahrh rhgabarjc* jh kihokzk gco hj aoeahroc*

ghrrofcjh jks puhrtks fhj gahjc= Ho vhrfkf* ho vhrfkf cs fanc* quhsa oc gcias jk gkroh fhj @amc fhj `cibrh y oc bhbas su skonrh* octhofras vafk ho vcsctrcs (Mo 5*87!/ Hstks kicrcsks aovatkgacohs*hstks prcihsks y kihokzks okgho fhj nrko fhshc quh tahoh fhuoarsh gco ocsctrcs ho hsth Wkgrkihotc/

Iks* pcr qu fhshk tkotc Mhsugrastc quh vkykics k rhgabarjcho jk skotk Gciuoao3 Hj kicr sahiprh kspark y busgk jk uoao* ygcic fagh Wkotc Vcis* jcs kiancs quh sh kiko fh gcrkzo

quasahrko hstkr fh tko icfc uoafcs quh oc ecrikro is quh uocscjc/ Hstc `k pkskfc gco hj aoihosc kicr fh Facs k jcs `cibrhs*quh oc hsphr k jk ctrk vafk pkrk fkrsh tcfc pcr hothrc* saoc quhho hsth iuofc sh fhmk nczkr fh hjjcs gco jk uoao is otaik yhstrhg`k quh fkrsh puhfh* hotrhnofcsh pcr gcipjhtc ho jkHugkrastk cgujtofcsh bkmc kpkrahogaks fh pko/ Kjj hst gcic trksfh uo iurc* y fhsfh kjj ocs iark gcic k trkvs fh ghjcsks/ Kuogukofc ocsctrcs oc jc vhkics* j ocs iark fhsfh kjj* y kjj sh `kjjk

rhkjihoth prhshoth* pkrk quh jh pcshkics* sa baho sh cgujtk pkrkquh jc fhshhics/ Q `kstk quh oc jjhnuhics k jk pktrak ghjhstakj*

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Mhss quahrh fh hsth icfc hotrhnkrsh gcipjhtkihoth k ocsctrcs yvavar ks uoafc gco ocsctrcs/

K eao fh uoarsh k gkfk uoc

Oc bkst k sktasekghr su kicr hj `kbhrsh fkfc tcfc hothrc kjnohrc ùikoc pcr su hogkrokgao* y hj `kbhr iuhrtc pcr tcfcspcr su \ksao* saoc quh aovhot hj icfc fh fkrsh fhj tcfc k gkfkuoc fh ocsctrcs/ Q pcr hsc aostatuy hj skgrkihotc fhj kjtkr* k eaofh uoarsh k gkfk uoc fh ocsctrcs* gcic j iasic famc= [uaho gcihia gkroh* icrk ho I y Qc ho j(Mo 5*8>!/

Ho jk sknrkfk gciuoao Mhss sh uoh kj kjik y hj kjik sh

uoh k Mhss4 y hst uoao oc hs fh ihrc kehgtc* saoc iuy rhkj yvhrfkfhrk/ Ho oaonuok ctrk kggao fagh Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhspuhfh gcosafhrkrsh k ouhstrc Wkjvkfcr oa is tahroc oa iskikoth quh ho stk* ho jk gukj sh koaquajk* pcr fhgarjc ks* y shgcovahrth ho ikomkr ouhstrc fhjhatcsc* k eao fh hotrkr ho ouhstrkkjiks y uoarsh hstrhg`kihoth kj gcrkzo y `kstk kj guhrpc fh susàmcs/ Fagh Wko Muko Grasstcic quh Mhsugrastc* pcr hj krfahothkicr quh ocs prcehskbk* quh quasc fh tkj ikohrk uoarsh gcoocsctrcs quh oc eurkics is quh uok scjk y iasik gcsk/

@kbjkofc Wko Jcrhozc Mustaoakoc gco Mhss jh fagh= C`Facs* hokicrkfc fh ouhstrks kjiks+* pcr ihfac fh hsthskgrkihotc faspusasth quh tu gcrkzo y hj ouhstrc euhrko uo scjcgcrkzo aoshpkrkbjhihoth uoafc/ Q Wko Bhrokrfaoc kkfh quhhj frshocs Mhsugrastc ho kjaihotc euh hj jtaic nrkfc fh kicr*pcrquh uoao is gcipjhtk ho hj iuofc oc puhfh fkrsh* gukj hsjk uoao quh `ky hotrh hj ikomkr y quaho jc gcih/ Guotc sh

gcipjkgh Mhsugrastc ho hstkr uoafc gco ouhstrk kjik/ j iasic jcfac k hothofhr gahrtc fk k su eahj sahrvk Ikrnkratk fh Aprs= Qkvhs* àmk ik jh famc uo fk fhspus fh gciujnkr* jk `hricskuoao quh hotrh jcs fcs hxasth4 ikih* y ho kfhjkothphrikohzgkics sahiprh uoafcs ho hj kicr y oc ocs shpkrhics ykis/

Wahofc hstc ks* `kbkics fh gcoehskr quh hj kjik oc puhfh`kghr oa phoskr gcsk is nrktk k Mhsugrastc gcic `csphfkr ho su

gcrkzo* gco jks fhbafks faspcsagacohs* k ùsphf fh tkotkikmhstkf* pcrquh fh hstk ikohrk sh uoh k Mhsugrastc* quh tkj hs hj

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fhshc fh tko hokicrkfc Whcr/ @h fag`c quh `ky quh rhgabar kMhss* oc gco jks faspcsagacohs fanoks* saoc gco jks faspcsagacohsrhquhrafks/ \crquh sa euhsh ihohsthr shr fanoc fh hsthWkgrkihotc* quao mkis pufahrk gciujnkr3 Wjc uo Facs pcfrk

shr fanoc fh rhgabar k uo Facs/ \cr faspcsagacohs rhquhrafks cohghskraks hotahofc vavar ho nrkgak fh Facs y gco hoghofafcsfhshcs fh grhghr ho hj kicr fh Mhsugrastc/ Wjc pcr kicr fhbhrhgabarsh k Mhsugrastc ho jk sknrkfk gciuoao* yk quh sjc pcrkicr sh ocs fk j tcfc hothrc* fagh Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs/

\cr jc fhis* gco qu erhguhogak `ky quh gciujnkr* ksuotchs hsth quh fhbh rhscjvhrsh shno hj prufhoth fagtkiho fhjfarhgtcr hsparatukj/ Fhbh skbhrsh* sao hibkrnc* quh oaono hstkfc c

hipjhc* oa kuo hj fh gkskfc c gcihrgakoth* hs cbstgujc pkrk jkgciuoao erhguhoth gukofc hj farhgtcr jk muznk cpcrtuok/ Oc `kygcsk quh is kprcvhg`h quh jk sknrkfk gciuoao4 pcrquh`kbahofc hj \kfrh hthroc puhstc hj thscrc fh sus raquhzks hoikocs fh Mhss* hs iuy okturkj quh gukofc hotrk ho hj kjik pcrjk gciuoao jjuhvko scbrh hjjk aoihoscs thscrcs fh nrkgak*pufahofc hotcoghs hj quh gciujnk fhgar vhrfkfhrkihoth= Vcfcsjcs bahohs ih vaoahrco muotcs gco hjjk (Wkb >*;;!/ Fagh Wko Facoasac

quh hj skgrkihotc fh jk Hugkrastk tahoh* scbrh tcfcs jcs fhisihfacs hsparatukjhs* hocrih vartuf pkrk skotaeagkr jks kjiks/ Q WkoUaghoth Ehrrhr kshnurkbk quh is kprcvhg`k hj kjik gco uok scjkgciuoao quh gco uok shikok fh kyuoc k pko y knuk/

Jjkik fh kicr

\raihrkihoth* shno hoshk hj Gcogajac fh Vrhotc* jkGciuoao hs hj nrko rhihfac quh ocs jabrk fh jcs phgkfcs vhoakjhsy ocs prhshrvk fh jcs icrtkjhs/ Ocs jabrk fh jcs phgkfcs vhoakjhspcrquh* ho shotar fh Wkotc Vcis* hsth Wkgrkihotc aogjaok kj`cibrh k `kghr kgtcs fh kicr* gco jcs quh sh bcrrko hstksphquhks ikog`ks4 y ocs prhshrvk fh jcs icrtkjhs pcrquhkuihotk jk nrkgak* quh ocs prhshrvk fh jks gujpks nrkvhs* rkzopcr jk gukj Aocghogac AAA hsgrabk quh sa Mhsugrastc ocs jabr gco supksao fh jk hsgjkvatuf fhj phgkfc* gco jk Hugkrastk ocs jabrk fh jkvcjuotkf fh phgkr/

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Kfhis* hsth skgrkihotc aoejkik praogapkjihoth k jks kjiksho hj kicr favaoc/ Facs hs gkrafkf (A Mo 5*0! y hs tkibao euhncgcosuiafcr* quh gcosuih ho ouhstrcs gcrkzcohs jcs kehgtcsthrrhocs/ \uhs hsth euhnc fh kicr vaoc hj @amc fhj `cibrh k

hoghofhr ho jk tahrrk= Qc `h vhoafc k prhofhr euhnc k jk tahrrk* yqu quahrc* saoc quh krfk3 (Jg ;2* 61!/ [u jjkiks fh kicrfavaoc hogahofh Mhsugrastc ho gukotcs jc rhgabho gco fhvcgao hohsth skgrkihotc+ Wkotk Gktkjaok fh Wahok vac gahrtc fk ho ikocsfh uo skghrfcth k Mhsugrastc ho ecrik fh njcbc fh euhnc* y quhfkfiarkfk jk skotk kj vhr gic kquhjjks jjkiks oc aoejkikbko ygcosuiko ho kicr tcfcs jcs gcrkzcohs fh jcs `cibrhs/ WkotkRcsk fh Jaik* fhspus fh gciujnkr* fhsphfk tkjhs rkycs fhjrcstrc* quh fhsjuibrkbk jk vastk4 y fhsprhofk tkj gkjcr fh su bcgk*quh pkrhgk kbrkskr jk ikoc fh quaho sh jk kghrgkbk/ Whno WkoMuko Grasstcic* jk Hugkrastk hs uok `cnuhrk quh fh tkj ikohrkaoejkik k jcs quh k hjjk sh kghrgko* quh gcic jhcohs quh hg`koeuhnc pcr jk bcgk fhbhics jhvkotkrocs fh kquhjjk ihsk* `hg`cseuhrths y thrrabjhs gcotrk jcs fhicoacs/

Wko Nrhncrac Oashoc* gcihotkofc kquhjjks pkjkbrks fh jkhspcsk fh jcs Gkotkrhs= Ih gcofumc fhotrc fh jk bcfhnk shgrhtk

fhj vaoc* hokrbcjkofc scbrh i jk bkofhrk fhj kicr(Gkot 2*6!* faghquh jk skotk Gciuoao hs jk bcfhnk fcofh hj kjik* fh tkj ikohrkquhfk hibraknkfk fh kicr* quh jk `kgh gcic hojcquhghr y phrfhrfh vastk tcfks jks gcsks grakfks4 quh hstc sanoaeagk kquhjjkonuafhghr fh kicr fhj quh k gcotaoukgao ocs `kbjk jk Hspcsk=Rhkoaikfih gco ikozkoks* pcrquh hstcy hoehrik fh kicr/

\hrc far kjnuoc= sa oc gciujnc gco is erhguhogak* hspcrquh ih sahotc erc ho hj kicr fh Facs/ Ihoufk ikohrk fh

phoskr+ Q pcrquh th sahoths erc* pcr hsc th shpkrks fhj euhnc3Gahrtkihoth* pcrquh sahoths `hjkfc tu gcrkzo* gco ikycr ictavcfhbhs kghrgkrth k hsth Wkgrkihotc* sahiprh quh kjaihoths saoghrcfhshc fh kikr k Mhsugrastc/ Kgrgkth kj sknrkfc bkoquhth thfagh Wko Buhokvhoturk* kuo gukofc th sahotks tabac* eaofcjctcfc ho jk iashragcrfak favaok4 pcrquh gukotc is hoehric sh `kjjkuoc* tkotk ikycr ohghsafkf tahoh fhj ifagc/ Fcs gjkshs fhphrscoks fagh Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs fhbho gciujnkr= jcs

phrehgtcs* pcr `kjjkrsh baho faspuhstcs y pkrk gcoshrvkrsh ho jkphrehggao* y jcs aiphrehgtcs* pkrk quh puhfko kjgkozkrjk/ \hrc

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oc `ky quh cjvafkr quh pkrk gciujnkr gco erhguhogak sh ohghsatkthohr nrkofhs fhshcs fh skotaeagkrsh y grhghr ho kicr Mhsugrastc/Hj Whcr famc ho gahrtk cgksao k Wkotk Iktajfh= Gukofc thkghrquhs k gciujnkr* fhshk thohr ho tu gcrkzo tcfc hj kicr quh

sh puhfh hoghrrkr ho j* quh yc th jc rhgabar gcic t quasahrks quheuhrh/


C` Facs* fanoc fh aoeaoatc kicr+ [u is aovhogacohspcfrks hogcotrkr pkrk `kghrcs kikr fh ocsctrcs3 Oc th bkst`kghrth `cibrh y sumhtkrth k tcfks ouhstrks iashraks/ Oc euh

sueagahoth k tu kicr fhrrkikr tcfk tu skonrh k euhrzk fh tcrihotcsy kpurkr tcfks jks kikrnurks fh jk iuhrth gcosuikfc fh fcjcrhsho hj pktbujc fhstaokfc k jcs rhcs is aoekihs/ Ohghskrac euh quhth rhbkmkshs `kstk cgujtkrth bkmc jks hsphgahs fhj pko* pkrkgcovhrtarth ho kjaihotc ouhstrc y uoarth k ocsctrcs gco hstrhg`csjkzcs fh kicr/ Faih* th prhnuotc fh ouhvc* qu is aovhogacohspcfrks `kjjkr pkrk gcoquastkr ouhstrc kicr3 Fhsnrkgakfcs fhocsctrcs sa furkoth hstk vafk oc th kikics* pcrquh* kj hotrkr ho jk

hthroafkf* gujhs oc shro ouhstrcs rhicrfaiahotcs+Mhss ic* oc quahrc icrar sao kikrth* y sao kikrth gco tcfks

ias euhrzks/

Wahotc fcjcr pcr `kbhrth gkuskfc tkotcs fasnustcs4 ihkrrhpahotc fh hjjc y quasahrk icrar fh purc fcjcr/

Whcr4 k`crk th kic yk scbrh tcfks jks gcsks* th kic isquh k i iasic y th gcosknrc tcfcs jcs kehgtcs fh ia gcrkzo/ V*Whcr* quh ih `ks fkfc hstcs shotaiahotcs* fkih jk euhrzk quhohghsatc pkrk pcohrjcs pcr cbrk/

Mhss ic* Fuhc y Whcr fh ia gcrkzo* euhrk fh ta yk okfkquahrc* fhsfh quh ih `ks ktrkfc k tu kicr/

Ikrk* Ikfrh fh Facs* ruhnk k Mhss pcr i y `kzih skotc/V* quh k tkotcs `ks gkibakfc fh phgkfcrhs ho skotcs* `kz fhouhvc hsth prcfanac/

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Gkptujc 7

JK GCOEAKO]K [XH FHBHICW VHOHR HO HJ KICR[XH MHWXGRAWVC OCW @K IKOAEHWVKFC HO VCFC

JC [XH @K @HG@C \CR OCWCVRCW

Kuo oc `kbk bkmkfc k jk tahrrk hj Rhfhotcr fhj iuofc* y ykpcok Fkvaf ho j tcfk jk hsphrkozk fh su skjvkgao= Ho tusikocs* Whcr* hogciahofc ia kjik4 t* Whcr ic y Facs fh tcfkvhrfkf* ih `ks rhfaiafc (Wkj 7


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Q guotc ihmcr gjkik ho ouhstrc ekvcr y pcr ocsctrcs pafhiashragcrfak jk skonrh fh Mhss quh jc quh gjkikbk gcotrk Gko jkskonrh fh Kbhj+ Cs `kbas kghrgkfc fagh Wko \kbjc k Mhss*ihfakfcr ouhstrc* y k jk ksphrsao fh jk skonrh* quh `kbjk ihmcr

quh jk fh Kbhj (@b ;2*22!/ [uh hs gcic sa famhrk= Ehjaghs fhvcsctrcs* phgkfcrhs* quh fhspus fh `kbhr phgkfc pcfas kgufark Mhss grugaeagkfc* quaho `k fhrrkikfc `kstk jk jtaik nctk fhskonrh pkrk pcohrsh gcic ihfakfcr fh pkz hotrh Facs y jcsphgkfcrhs* y cbthohr fh j hj phrfo pkrk vcsctrcs/ Wa vhonkozkgjkiko gcotrk vcsctrcs vuhstrks aoaquafkfhs* k ekvcr vuhstrc kbcnkjk skonrh fhj Rhfhotcr* y jk favaok mustagak oc puhfh ihocs fhkpjkgkrsh k jk vcz fh hstk skonrh/

Uhrfkf hs quh fh tcfks ouhstrks gujpks `hics fh fkrhstrhg`k guhotk kj Muhz Wuprhic4 phrc quao shr ouhstrc muhz3Rhspcofh Wko Muko= Hj \kfrh oc muznk k okfah* saoc quh `kgcoeakfc kj @amc tcfc hj pcfhr fh muznkr (Mo 8*22!/ Gcoscjicocs*puhs* quh hj Hthroc \kfrh pusc ouhstrk gkusk ho ikocs fhouhstrc iasic Rhfhotcr/ Q pcr hsc ocs koaik Wko \kbjc= [uaohs hj Muhz quh ocs `k fh gcofhokr3 Kquhj iasic Wkjvkfcr quh

pcr ocsctrcs iura/// y quh k`crk ho hj gahjc aothrghfh pcr ocsctrcs

(Ri 0*76!/ Mhss* pcr oc gcofhokrocs k iuhrth hthrok* shgcofho k s iasic k iuhrth anociaoacsk* y oc sktasehg`c gco hstcprcsanuh k`crk ho hj gahjc ghrgk fhj \kfrh sahofc ihfakfcr fhouhstrk skjvkgao/ Q Wkotc Vcis fh Uajjkouhvk koaik kj phgkfcr*fagahofc= [u thihs* phgkfcr sa kbcrrhghs tu phgkfc3 \cr qufhsgcoeks3 Gic th `k fh gcofhokr sa th krrhpahoths* gukofciura pkrk oc gcofhokrth3 Q th `kr pcgc gksc sa th krrcmks k suspahs* gcotratc* hj quh bkm fhj gahjc pkrk busgkrth gukofc `uks3

Ho vhz fhj nczc* scpcrt jk gruz

Q sa pcr rkzo fh ouhstrk ejkquhzk thihics suguibar ho jcskskjtcs y kshg`kozks fh ouhstrcs hohiancs* gcotrk jcs gukjhs hsohghskrac gcibktar* `h kqu* shno fagh Wko \kbjc* jc quh thohicsquh `kghr= Gcrrkics* pcr ihfac fh jk pkgahogak* kj gcibkth quhocs knukrfk pcoahofc jcs cmcs ho hj kutcr y gcosuikfcr fhouhstrk eh* Mhss* hj gukj* ho vhz fhj nczc quh sh jh cerhgk*scbrhjjhv jk gruz* sao `kghr gksc fh jk anociaoak (@b ;2*;!/

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Gcrrkics* puhs* gco oaic hsecrzkfc k jk phjhk* iarkofc k Mhssgrugaeagkfc* quh fhsfh jk gruz ocs braofk su kyufk* ocs prcihth jkvagtcrak y jk gcrcok/ Wa ho hj pkskfc gkics* euh pcrquh pcr oc`kbhr iarkfc jks jjknks y jks anociaoaks quh ouhstrc Rhfhotcr

pkfhga* tkipcgc phfaics su kyufk/ [uh sa ho kfhjkoth ocfhmkics fh gcosafhrkr jc quh suera pcr ocsctrcs* y jc rpafc quhvahoh ho kuxajac fh jcs quh kgufho k Hj* k buho shnurc quhskjfrhics trauoekoths fh ouhstrcs hohiancs/ Fhgk Wkotk Vhrhskgco su oaic hsecrzkfc= Qc fhshc shrvar k hsth Whcr/// Ochotahofc hstcs iahfcs fh jcs quh nratko fhicoac* fhicoac+*fcofh pcfhics fhgar Facs* Facs+* y `kghrjh thibjkr kj aoeahroc/ Qkskbhics quh oc sh puhfh icvhr* sa hj Whcr oc jc phriath/// \crhj gcotrkrac* fhgk jk skotk* quh sa oc pcohics tcfk jk gcoeakozk hoFacs* fh pcgc c oaono prcvhg`c shr tcfk ouhstrk fajanhogak=Busgkbk rhihfac* `kgk fajanhogaks* is oc fhbk hothofhr quhtcfc kprcvhg`k pcgc sa oc quatkics fhj tcfc jk gcoeakozk hoocsctrcs y jk pcohics ho Facs (Uafk* gkp/ 0!/

Nrkofh gcoeakozk y kicr fhbho aosparkrocs jcs iasthracs fh jk\ksao fhj Wkjvkfcr y su prhshogak ho hj Wkotsaic Wkgrkihotc fhjkjtkr* iasthracs pkrk ocsctrcs aogrhbjhs sa jk eh oc ocs jc ghrtaeagkrk/

Xo Facs cioapcthoth sh fano vhstarsh fh ouhstrk icrtkjafkf*fhrrkikr tcfk su skonrh y icrar fh fcjcr ho uo pktbujc aoekih+* ypkrk qu3 \krk pknkr jk fhufk fh ouhstrcs phgkfcs y skjvkrocsk ocsctrcs* rhbhjfhs nuskoajjcs+ Q quhrhr fkr fhspus k tkjhsnuskoajjcs su iasic guhrpc* skgraeagkfc ho jk gruz* y frshjc hokjaihotc pkrk uoarsh hstrhg`kihoth k hjjcs+ C` Facs* tkjhsiasthracs fhbahrko kbrkskr y gcosuiar ho kicr tcfcs jcs gcrkzcohsfh jcs `cibrhs+ Q qu phgkfcr* kuoquh `kyk hipjhkfc jk vafk ho

cehofhr k Facs* pcfr fhshsphrkr fhj phrfo* sa jjcrkofc jcsphgkfcs gcihtafcs* gcothipjk k uo Facs tko hokicrkfc fh jcs`cibrhs y tko aogjaokfc k gcjikrjc fh ekvcrhs3 Hstc hs jc quh jh`kgk hxgjkikr k Wko Buhokvhoturk= Gic pcfr ohnkrih jksnrkgaks ohghskraks k jk skjvkgao Kquhj quh tkotc `k `hg`c ysuerafc pkrk skjvkrih3 W* ar k j euofkfc ho tcfk hsphrkozk*puhs oc ih ohnkr okfk quaho pcr i quasc icrar/

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Kghrquicocs gco gcoeakozk

Kghrquicocs* puhs* gcoeakfkihoth kj trcoc fh jk nrkgak* keao fh rhgabar iashragcrfak y `kjjkr nrkgak pkrk hj tahipc cpcrtuoc(@b 6*;5!/ Hj trcoc fh jk nrkgak hs jk gruz fh Mhsugrastc* fcofh

gcjcg su trcoc pkrk fastrabuar nrkgaks y iashragcrfaks k jcs quh k jsh hogciahofko/ \hrc hs ohghskrac quh kgufkics prcotc kphfrshjks* k`crk quh ocs hs fkfc hogcotrkr hj cpcrtuoc rhihfacpkrk skjvkrocs* pcrquh tahipc vhofr ho quh oc pcfkics `kjjkrjc/

Kprhsuricocs* puhs* k kbrkzkrocs gco jk gruz fh Mhsugrastc4vkykics* phrc kpcykfcs ho jk ikycr gcoeakozk4 oc ocs turbhoouhstrks iashraks y ejkquhzks* quh ho Mhss grugaeagkfchogcotrkrhics tcfk suhrth fh raquhzks y fh nrkgak/ Ho jfagh

Wko \kbjc `kbas safc horaquhgafcs ho tcfc (A Gc ;*8!/ \cr jcsiratcs fh Mhsugrastc* tcfcs jcs thscrcs favaocs `ko vhoafc k shr`hrhogak ouhstrk* y oc `ky nrkgak quh pcfkics fhshkr quh*pafaofcshjk* oc jk kjgkoghics/

Gco su iuhrth ocs kjgkoz Mhsugrastc is bahohs quh ikjhsocs kgkrrh hj fhicoac gco hj phgkfc/ Q ks fagh Wko Jho= Is`hics nkokfc pcr jk nrkgak fh Grastc* quh `kbkics phrfafc pcrhovafak fhj fhicoac/Kjj fcofh kbuof hj fhjatc* scbrhkbuof jknrkgak (Ri 8*;8!/ Jk nrkgak suphr gco grhghs kj fhjatc/ Q ks ocskoai hj Wkjvkfcr k hsphrkr pcr sus iratcs tcfc tapc fh nrkgaks yjk ecrik gco quh `kbkics fh `kghrjc= Ho vhrfkf* ho vhrfkf csfanc* gukjquahr gcsk quh pafas kj \kfrh ho ia ocibrh cs jkgcoghfhr (Mo ;5*27!/ \hfaf fagh gukotc fhshas* phrc phfafjckj \kfrh ho ia ocibrh* y yc cs prcihtc quh vuhstrk crkgao shrkthofafk/ Gic pcfrk hj \kfrh ohnkrocs nrkgak kjnuok fhspusfh `kbhrocs fkfc k su prcpac @amc* k quaho kik gcic k s iasic3

Hj quh oa k su prcpac @amc phrfco* saoc quh jc hotrhn pcr tcfcsocsctrcs* gic oc ocs `k fh fkr gco j tcfks jks gcsks3 (Ri0*72!/ Vcfc* oc `ky hxghpgao= hj phrfo fh jcs phgkfcs* jkphrshvhrkogak eaokj* hj kicr fh Facs* jk phrehggao* hj gahjc* tcfc/\hrc `ky quh phfrshjc/ Ragc y nhohrcsc hs hj Whcr pkrk tcfcs jcsquh jh aovcgko (Ri ;


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Cs gcipr gco ia skonrh

Uahoh baho pcohr kqu kjnuocs pkskmhs fh jks gkrtks fh WkoMuko fh vajk* fcofh trktk fh jk nrko gcoeakozk quh fhbhics thohrho jcs iratcs fh Mhsugrastc=

Oc cjvafas quh hotrh hj \kfrh Hthroc y ocsctrcs hsihfakfcr Ouhstrc Whcr Mhsugrastc* pcr hj gukj scics kikfcs yktkfcs gco tko euhrth jkzc fh kicr* quh oaonuok gcsk jc puhfhscjtkr* sa hj iasic `cibrh oc jc gcrtk pcr gujpk fhj phgkfcicrtkj/ Vko prcotc `kbas cjvafkfc quh jk skonrh fh Mhsugrastcfk vcghs pafahofc pcr ocsctrcs iashragcrfak* y quh su gjkicr hstko kjtc quh `kgh quh hj gjkicr fh ouhstrcs phgkfcs quhfh iuybkmc y oc shk cfc3 Oc skbas quh sa ouhstrcs phgkfcsquhfksho vavcs* iurahofc Mhsugrastc pcr fhs`kghrjcs* su iuhrthshrk fh pcgc vkjcr3/// Oc pcr ekjtk fh pknk sh pahrfho jcs quh shpahrfho* iks pcr oc quhrhr kprcvhg`krsh fh jk pknk pcr ihfacfh jk eh y phoathogak y skgrkihotcs fh jk skotk Anjhsak

Hj ohncgac fh ouhstrc rhihfac Grastc jc tci k su gkrncgcic sa euhrk suyc* y k ouhstrcs phgkfcs jjki suycs y pafaphrfo fh hjjcs sao `kbhrjcs gcihtafc4 y gco hotrkkbjh kicrpafa k jcs quh k j sh quasahsho jjhnkr* euhsho kikfcs gcic sapkrk j jc pafahrk4 y gcic jc pafa* jc kjgkoz* pcrquh pcr quhrhrfh Facs* scics tko uoc j y ocsctrcs* quh* c `hics fh shr j yocsctrcs kikfcs* c j y ocsctrcs kbcrrhgafcs4 y puhs j oc hs oapuhfh shr kbcrrhgafc* tkipcgc ocsctrcs* sa hstkics ho j gco jkeh y hj kicr/ Koths* pcr shr j kikfc* jc scics ocsctrcs* y gco

mustk gkusk4 puhs is phsk j pkrk quh ocsctrcs shkicskikfcs quh ocsctrcs phskics pkrk quh shk j kbcrrhgafc4 yis kik hj \kfrh k su @amc quh kbcrrhgh k jcs phgkfcrhs quh shgcovahrtho k j/

Q gcic hj iuy kikfc famc k su \kfrh= C quahrh baho kstcs c quahrh ikj k i4 pcrquh yc ih cerhzgc pcr hj phrfo fhsus phgkfcs y pcrquh shko aogcrpcrkfcs ho i* vhoga hj ikycrkicr kj ihocr kbcrrhgaiahotc* y scics kikfcs* y phrfcokfcs* y

mustaeagkfcs* y thohics nrkofh hsphrkozk quh oc `kbrfhskipkrc fcofh `ky oufc tko euhrth fh kicr/ Q sa jk ejkquhzk

ouhstrk hstuvahrh gco fhiksakfcs thicrhs kgconcmkfk*phoskofc quh Facs sh `k cjvafkfc* prcvhh hj Whcr fh gcosuhjc

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fagahofc ho hj prcehtk Askks= \cr vhoturk puhfh cjvafkrsh jkikfrh fhj oac fh sus hotrkks3 \uhs sa hjjk sh cjvafkrh* yc ocih cjvafkr fh ta* quh ho ias ikocs th thonc hsgratk/

\cr tkotc* oc th hsgkofkjaghs oa turbhs pcr jks gcsks quh th

vahoho* puhs tcfc vahoh fasphoskfc pcr jks ikocs fhj quh pcr ta*y ho pruhbk fh su kicr* sh fhm gjkvkr ho jk gruz/ Whk pkrksahiprh Mhsugrastc bhofatc* quh sth hs k bcgk jjhok ouhstrkhsphrkozk* quh oaonuok gcsk ih puhfh kthicrazkr gukotc jkshnurkr/// Grquhoih phgkfcs pkskfcs* thicrhs fh jc pcrvhoar* fhicoacs quh ih kgusho y ih pconko jkzcs* `cibrhsquh ih hspkotho y ih phrsanko4 kihoghoih gco hj aoeahroc yponkoih iaj phjanrcs fhjkoth4 quh gco nhiar ias phgkfcs y

kjzkr ias cmcs pafahofc rhihfac k Mhsugrastc* hj ikosc* hjbhoanoc* hj jjhoc fh iashragcrfak* hj earisaic kikfcr ic `kstkjk iuhrth* oc puhfc fhsgcoeakr vaofcih tko kprhgakfc* quh euhFacs fkfc pcr i/

C` Grastc* puhrtc fh shnurafkf pkrk jcs quh* kgcskfcs fhjks cjks thiphstucsks fh su gcrkzo* ùyho fh ta+/// C` Grastc*fajanhoth y guafkfcsc \kstcr+ [u honkkfc hst quaho ho ta yfh ta oc sh ek sa quahrh hoihofkrsh y shrvarth+/// Q pcr hstc

famasth= Qc scy* oc quhras thihr* Qc scy kquhj quh iktk y fk jkvafk* ihtc k jcs aoeahrocs y jcs skgc/ Ihtc ho trabujkgacohs yfhscjkgacohs* quh pkrhgho aoeahroc* y fhspus fh ihtafcs oc jcscjvafc* jhs kjavac y rhgrhc y fcy vafk/// Qc scy vuhstrc kbcnkfc*quh tci vuhstrk gkusk pcr ik/ Qc vuhstrc eakfcr* quh skj kpknkr vuhstrks fhufks/ Qc* Whcr vuhstrc* quh gco ia skonrh csgcipr* oc pkrk cjvafkrcs* saoc pkrk is honrkofhghrcs sa k Iquasahrhas shrvar* pcrquh euasthas gco nrko prhgac gciprkfcs///

Gic cs ohnkr k jcs quh ih busgas pkrk `corkrih*puhs skj kj hoguhotrc fh jcs quh ih busgkbko pkrkikjtrktkrih3 Ih cerhg k scnks y gkfhoks* quh ih jkstaikbko* yih ohnkr k jcs brkzcs y gcrkzcohs fh jcs grastakocs* fcofhfhsgkosc3/// Oc vcjv jk gkrk kj quh ih `hrk* y jk vcjvhr kjquh vahoh k kfcrkrih3 [u pcgk gcoeakozk hs stk* quhvaofcih pcr phrrcs fhsphfkzkfc pcr kicr fh jcs àmcs* hstojcs àmcs fufcscs fh sa jcs kic* kiofcih hjjcs+ K quao

fhsprhga quh ih quasahsh3 K quao fhskipkr quh ihjjkiksh3 Fh quao ùa quh ih busgksh3/

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Wa grhhs quh hj \kfrh Hthroc th fac k su @amc* tho tkibao pcrshnurc quh th fkr jc fhis* quh hs aoeaoatkihoth ihocs quh hj@amc/ Oc pahoshs quh Mhsugrastc sh `k cjvafkfc fh ta* puhs hoihicrak fh su kicr th `k fhmkfc jk ikycr prhofk quh thok* quh

oc hs ctrk quh j iasic prhshoth ho hj Wkgrkihotc fhj Kjtkr/


C` Mhss ic y kicr ic* guo earih hsphrkozk ih aoeuofhvuhstrk \ksao+ Gic puhfc yc fhshsphrkr kjgkozkr phrfo fhias phgkfcs* kjgkozkr hj gahjc y tcfks jks nrkgaks ohghskraks pkrkia skjvkgao* sa gcosafhrc quh scas hj Facs cioapcthoth quh pcr ia

fhrrki tcfk su skonrh3Mhss ic* ia hsphrkozk y ia kicr* t* pkrk quh yc oc ih

phrfahrk* quasasth phrfhr tu vafk/ Vh kic scbrh tcfc baho* Facs yRhfhotcr ic/ Vh `ks fkfc k i pcr hothrc* y yc pconc ho tusikocs ia vcjuotkf y gco tcfc ia gcrkzo quahrc hxgjkikr= Vh kic*Mhss* th kic/ Hsth shr hj nratc fh tcfk ia vafk4 y ho hj trkogh fhjk iuhrth quahrc* susparkofc* rhphtar hstks fujghs pkjkbrks= Facsic* th kic* y gco hjjks quahrc hiphzkr hj kicr hthroc* quh

furkr pkrk sahiprh* sao fhmkr yk fh kikrth pcr tcfk jk hthroafkf/Q pcrquh th kic* ih fuhjh scbrh tcfc ikj hj `kbhrth

cehofafc/ Fhsnrkgakfc fh i* quh pcr oc phrfhr uo pjkghricihotohc th `h phrfafc* ia baho aoeaoatc+ Hstk phok ihktcrihotk scbrh tcfks jks fhis* phrc ih gcosuhjk phoskr quh*sahofc gcic hrhs bcofkf aoeaoatk* oc rh`uskrs rhgabar k uogcrkzo quh th kik/ Cmkj pufahrk icrar pcr ta* quh pcr i quasasthicrar+

Kikfc Rhfhotcr ic* ho ta thonc gaerkfk jk hsphrkozk fhkjgkozkr jk hthrok skjvkgao y* ho jk vafk prhshoth* jk phrshvhrkogakho tu kicr* pcrquh thonc hj earih prcpsatc fh phfrthjk gkfk fk/Fkih* pcr jcs iratcs fh tu kikrnusaik \ksao* jk phrshvhrkogakho jk crkgao/ Hstc hs jc quh tkibao th pafc y hsphrc fh ta* Rhaokik* Ikrk/

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Gkptujc 6

JC CBJANKFCW [XH HWVKICW K KIKRK MHWXGRAWVC

[uao sh rhsastar k kikrjh3

\cr shr Mhsugrastc vhrfkfhrc Facs tahoh scbrkfc fhrhg`c kouhstrc kicr4 iks pcr hj kehgtc quh ocs `k ikoaehstkfc* `kquhrafc hj Whcr pcohrocs ho jk hstrhg`k cbjankgao fh kikrjc*saquahrk ho knrkfhgaiahotc k jc quh `k `hg`c pcr ocsctrcs/ Ocski scbrhikohrk pkrk nkokrsh tcfc ouhstrc kicr/ \krk qu

ocs kik Facs sh prhnuotk Wko Bhrokrfc saoc pkrk shr fhocsctrcs kikfc/ Qk koths ocs jc `kbk fag`c Icass= Q k`crk*Asrkhj* qu hs jc quh hj Whcr rhgjkik fh ta* saoc quh thiks kjWhcr* tu Facs* y jc kihs3 (Ft ;iarkr k uo Facs quh iuhrh grugaeagkfc pcr su kicr y sh rhsastar kpknkrjh kicr gco kicr3 Baho kjtc gjkiko jks hspaoks* jcs gjkvcs*jks jjknks* jk gruz* jk skonrh prhgacsk pafahofc quh kihics k quahotkotc ocs ki/ @krtc phquhc hs uo gcrkzo pkrk kikr k uo Facstko hokicrkfc fh ocsctrcs* yk quh pkrk gciphoskr hj kicr fhMhsugrastc sh ohghsatkrk quh ctrc Facs iurahsh pcr su kicr/ Q saMhsugrastc quasc fkr su vafk pcr ocsctrcs* oc euh pkrk quhnksthics jk ouhstrk ho sktasekghr gkprag`cs* saoc pkrk quh jk

hipjhhics ho shrvagac fh Kquhj quh fac jk suyk pcr ocsctrcs/ Ksjc kearik Wko \kbjc= Grastc iura pcr ocsctrcs* pkrk quh jcs quh

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vavho* oc vavko yk pkrk s* saoc pkrk kquhj quh iura y rhsugat pcrhjjcs (AA Gc 8*;8!/

Oc th cjvafhs fh jk nrkgak `hg`k pcr tu eakfcr* puhs fac pcr tasu vafk (Hggjc 21* 2

sktasekggao fh tus phgkfcs quasc pknkr gco su iuhrth jk phok pcrta fhbafk/ Guotc knrkfk k Mhsugrastc quh ocs kgcrfhicserhguhothihoth fh su \ksao y guotc sahoth quh jk hg`hics hocjvafc+ Wa uoc `ubahrk suerafc pcr su kianc aomuraks* ncjphs ygrghjhs* qu phok jh hibraknkrk kj skbhr quh hj ekvcrhgafc oc`kgh okfk pcr rhgcrfkr tkjhs pkfhgaiahotcs* fh jcs quh oa saquahrkquahrh cr `kbjkr+ Q* kj gcotrkrac* guj oc shrk su nczc kj skbhrquh su kianc `kbjk k ihoufc fh hjjc gco throurk y

knrkfhgaiahotc+ Fh anukj icfc sh gcipjkgh Mhsugrastc gco quhocsctrcs hvcquhics gco knrkfhgaiahotc y kicr jcs fcjcrhs y jkiuhrth quh pcr ocsctrcs pkfhga/

Koths quh hj Gahjc bkmksh k jk tahrrk* susparkbko yk pcrMhsugrastc tcfcs jcs \ktrakrgks fh jk kotanhfkf y jh skjufkbko gcohj ttujc fhj Fhshkfc fh jks okgacohs/ Guotc is fhbhicsocsctrcs fhshkrjc y kikrjc k`crk quh vavh hotrh ocsctrcs y quhskbhics guotc `k `hg`c y pkfhgafc pkrk skjvkrocs* `kstk hj

puotc fh suerar pcr ouhstrc kicr tcfks jks kikrnurks fh jk iuhrthfh gruz3

Gco hsth eao aostatuy hj skgrkihotc fh jk Hugkrastk jk vsphrkfh su iuhrth* rhgcihofofcocs quh* gukotks vhghs gciarkicsfh su gkroh* `agashics ihicrak fh su iuhrth= Vcikf y gcihf*hsth hs ia guhrpc/// @kghf hstc ho ihicrak ik (A Gc ;;* 26!/ \crhsc ruhnk jk Anjhsak= C` Facs+* quh bkmc hsth kfiarkbjhWkgrkihotc ocs fhmksth hj ihicrakj fh tu \ksao* C` sknrkfc

bkoquhth ho quh sh rhgabh k Grastc y shr rhouhvk jk ihicrak fh su\ksao+ \cr kqu pcfhics hothofhr guo knrkfhgafc ocs quhfkMhsugrastc sa gco erhguhogak rhgcrfkics su \ksao* yk quh sa icrkgco ocsctrcs ho hj skgrkihotc fhj kjtkr* hs pkrk quh fh gcotaoucrhocvhics gco kjhnrk hj rhguhrfc fh tcfc jc quh pcr ocsctrcspkfhga y grhzgk fh hstk ikohrk ouhstrc kicr pkrk gco j/Jjkikbk Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs kj Gkjvkrac icoth fh jcs kikoths*pcrquh oc hs pcsabjh kgcrfkrsh fh hsth icoth y fhmkr fh kikr k

Mhsugrastc* quh quasc ho j icrar pcr ouhstrc kicr/

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Vh kik gco hotrkkbjh kicr

C` Facs ic+* y gic `ky `cibrhs quh oc kiko k uo Facsquh tkotc `k `hg`c pkrk shr fh hjjcs kikfc3 Koths fh jkHogkrokgao fhj Uhrbc pcfk hj `cibrh fufkr sa Facs jh kikbk gco

vhrfkfhrc kicr4 phrc gic fufkr k`crk* quh hj @amc fh Facs `kvhoafc y `k iuhrtc pcr kicr k jcs `cibrhs3 Iark* c` `cibrh hxgjkik Wkotc Vcis fh Uajjkouhvk* iark kquhjjk gruz*gcothipjk kquhjjcs fcjcrhs y jk kerhotcsk iuhrth quh pcr ta pkfhgaMhsugrastc4 tkotcs y tko nrkofhs thstaicoacs fh kicr* oc fhmkojunkr k fufk fh quh j th kik y th kik gco hotrkkbjh kicr/Vhstanc fh hjjc hs jk gruz* thstancs jcs fcjcrhs* thstanc jk iuhrthkikrnk quh pcr ta suera/ Q Wko Bhrokrfc fagh quh gjkik jk gruz y

fko vcghs jks jjknks fhj Rhfhotcr pkrk fkrocs k hothofhr hj kicrquh ocs prcehsk/

Nrko hiphc `k thoafc Mhsugrastc ho aovhotkr ihfacs pkrkaogjaokrocs k su kicr/ Wa quhrk* pcr skjvkrocs* fkr jk vafk*scbrbkjh gco grhghs `kbhr safc hovuhjtc ho jk nhohrkj iktkozkquh fhgrht @hrcfhs gcotrk jcs Aocghoths/ \hrc oc* koths fh icrarquasc jjhvkr furkoth trhaotk y trhs kcs uok vafk jjhok fh phoks ytrkbkmcs* quhrahofc ho hj trkosgursc fh hjjk* y pkrk gkutavkrocsouhstrc kicr* ikoaehstrshocs ho iug`ks y vkrakfks ecriks/ Qpraihrc jh vaics okghr pcbrh ho hj pcrtkj fh Bhjo4 juhnc*

mcvhogatc* ho uo tkjjhr* y kj eaokj* gcic rhc kmustagakfc ho jk gruz/\hrc kuo koths fh icrar ho hjjk quasc pkskr pcr garguostkogaks quhaosparkbko gcipksao y tcfc pcr ouhstrc kicr/ Ho hj `uhrtc fh jcsCjavcs jh vaics gco su gcrkzo kgconcmkfc y bkkfc su guhrpc hosufcr fh skonrh/ Jh vaics ho hj prhtcrac fh \ajktcs gco sus gkrohsfhsphfkzkfks k euhrzk fh jcs kzcths4 fhspus* trktkfc gcic rhy

fh burjk* jh pusahrco ho sus ikocs uok gkk pcr ghtrc* ho sushspkjfks uo ikotc kofrkmcsc y rctc* y ho su gkbhzk uok gcrcok fhhspaoks/ Wcbrh sus `cibrcs gcjcgkrco uok phskfk gruz quh pcrjks gkjjhs fh jk gaufkf jjhv `kstk hj junkr fh su iuhrth/Eaokjihoth* jh vaics pkfhghr ho hj ikfhrc fh jk gruz gcjnkfc fhtrhs gjkvcs/ \uhs baho= oc ihrhghr ouhstrc kicr uo Facs quhpkrk gcoquastkr hj ouhstrc tkotc `k suerafc y trkbkmkfc3

Jk gkrafkf oc sjc hs jk rhaok fh tcfks jks vartufhs* saoc quhfcofh hjjk rhaok trkh gcosanc tcfks jks fhis y jks hofhrhzk tcfks

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k uoar kj `cibrh gco Facs/ Ceagac prcpac fh jk gkrafkf hs uoar kj`cibrh gco Facs= Qc kic k jcs quh ih kiko/ Wa kjnuoc ih kik*ia \kfrh jc kikr y vhofrhics k j y `krhics icrkfk ho j (Mo;6*27!/ Jk gkrafkf* kfhis* gciuoagk euhrzks pkrk `kghr y suerar

nrkofhs gcsks pcr Facs= Euhrth hs hj kicr gcic jk iuhrth (Gkot 0*5!/ Wko Knusto fagh quh okfk `ky tko furc quh gco hj euhnc fhjkicr oc sh kbjkofh/ Oc `ky gcsk* pcr faegaj quh sh jk supconk*quh oc shk vhogafk pcr hj ehrvcr fh jk gkrafkf4 pcrquh* gcic kkfhWko Knusto* ho kquhjjc quh sh kik* c oc sh sahoth hj trkbkmc* c hjiasic trkbkmc sh kik/

Gukofc hj kicr fh Facs fagh Wko Muko Grasstcic shkpcfhrk fh uo kjik* honhofrk ho hjjk aoskgakbjh fhshc fh trkbkmkr

pcr hj kikfc4 fh tkj ikohrk* quh pcr iug`ks y nrkofhs cbrks quh`knk* y pcr iug`c tahipc quh hipjhh ho su shrvagac* tcfc jhpkrhgh okfk* y kofk sahiprh naiahofc y susparkofc fh `kghr tkopcgc pcr Facs4 y sa ho su ikoc hstuvahrk fkr jk vafk pcr j ykocokfkrsh pcr su njcrak* ko oc thofrk guipjafc nczc/ Vcfc jcquh `kgh jc tahoh pcr gcsk sao prcvhg`c* pcrquh hj kicr*hoshofcjh pcr uok pkrth jc quh Facs ihrhgh* jh fhgjkrk pcr ctrk*gco juz gjkrsaik* guo fhehgtucsks sco sus cbrks* tcfc jc gukj hs

pkrk hjjk gcoeusao y quhbrkotc* kj gcocghr jk bkmhzk y pcgc vkjcrfh sus kggacohs koth jk ikmhstkf fh Whcr tko pcfhrcsc/

Wjc uok gcsk hs ohghskrak

[u hrrkfcs y euhrk fhj gkiaoc kofko jcs quh gaerko jkskotafkf ho gcsk quh oc shk kikr k Facs+ Kjnuocs gaerko jkphrehggao fagh Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs ho jk kusthrafkf fhvafk4 ctrcs* ho jk crkgao4 quaohs* ho jk erhguhogak fhskgrkihotcs* y ctrcs* ho hj rhpkrtc fh jaicsok4 iks tcfcs shhonkko* pcrquh jk phrehggao hstrabk ho kikr k Facs fh tcfcgcrkzo* puhs jks rhstkoths vartufhs* sao jk gkrafkf* sco sjc uoicoto fh hsgcibrcs / Q sa ho hsth skotc kicr oc scicsphrehgtcs* gujpk ouhstrk hs* puhs oc kgkbkics fh hotrhnkrocs pcrgcipjhtc k Facs/

Famc uo fk hj Whcr k Wkotk Vhrhsk= Wkbhs qu hs kikrih

gco vhrfkf3 Hothofhr quh tcfc hs ihotark jc quh oc hs knrkfkbjhk i/ Cmkj quh tcfcs hothofahrko hstk vhrfkf* quh sjc uok

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gcsk hs ohghskrak+ (Jg ;


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\hrc okfah ihmcr quh Wko \kbjc* hj nrko kpstcj fh jk gkrafkf*pkrk fhgjkrkrocs gujhs sco sus gkrkgthrhs y ho qu gcosasth suprgtagk= Wa `kbjkrh gco jhonuks fh `cibrhs y fh onhjhs y octuvahrh gkrafkf* shr gcic ihtkj quh suhok* c gcic gibkjc quh

rhtuibk/ Q sa tuvahrh fco fh prcehgk y gcocgahofc tcfcs jcsiasthracs y tcfk jk gahogak y tkotk eh quh trksjkfksh jcs icoths* saoc thonc gkrafkf* oc scy okfk/ Q sa rhpkrtahrh tcfcs ias bahohs kjcs pcbrhs y hotrhnkrh ia guhrpc kj euhnc* oc thoahofc gkrafkf*okfk ih kprcvhg`k/ Jk gkrafkf hs suerafk* hs fujgh y baho`hg`crk*oc cbrk prhgapatkfk y thihrkrakihoth* oc sh hoscbhrbhgh* oa hskibagacsk* oc busgk jc suyc* oc sh arratk* oc pahosk ikj fh okfah4oc sh kjhnrk fh jk aomustagak* koths sh nczk gco jk vhrfkf4 tcfc jchxgusk* tcfc jc grhh* tcfc jc hsphrk* tcfc jc scpcrtk4 jk gkrafkf oc

pksk mkis (A Gc ;7*;)6!/

Ho hj trkosgursc fhj prhshoth jabrc gcosafhrkrhics jcsfavhrscs gkrkgthrhs fh jk gkrafkf* pkrk vhr sa rhaok vhrfkfhrkihothho ocsctrcs hj kicr quh fhbhics k Mhsugrastc* y hxkiaokrhicsjks vartufhs ho quh praogapkjihoth ocs fhbhics hmhrgatkr pkrkgcoshrvkr y kuihotkr ho ocsctrcs hsth skotc kicr/


C` fujgh Gcrkzo fh Mhss* qu fhsnrkgakfc hs hj gcrkzoquh oc cs kik+ V icrasthas ho jk gruz pcr kicr fh jcs `cibrhssao shotar kjavac kjnuoc* y gic fhspus fh hjjc puhfho jcs`cibrhs vavar sao kgcrfkrsh fh ta3

C` kicr favaoc* c` aonrktatuf `uikok+ Iarkf* `cibrhs* kjaocghoth Gcrfhrc fh Facs quh kncoazk ho jk gruz y iuhrh pcr

vcsctrcs* pkrk pknkr ks k jk mustagak favaok pcr vuhstrcs phgkfcs yktrkhrcs k su kicr/ Iarkf gic* k jk vhz* ruhnk kj Hthroc \kfrhpkrk quh cs phrfcoh/ Gcothipjkfjc y kikfjh/

K` Mhss ic* qu pcgcs sco jcs quh cs kiko+ Q yc* guotcskcs `h pkskfc sao kgcrfkrih fh ta* cehofaofcth tkotks vhghs gcoias phgkfcs/ Kikfc Rhfhotcr ic* oc hs tkotc hj aoeahroc quhihrhg hj quh ih `kgh fhrrkikr jnraiks* gukotc hj kicr quh ih`kbas icstrkfc/

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Fcjcrhs fh Mhss* anociaoaks fh Mhss* kicr fh Mhss*aipraics ho ia gcrkzo* pkrk quh `hrafc sahiprh gco vuhstrcfujgh rhguhrfc gcotaoukihoth ih kbrksh ho kicr favaoc/ Cs kicMhss ic4 cs kic* suic baho ic4 cs kic* ia kicr y ia tcfc4 cs

kic y quahrc kikrcs sahiprh/ C` Whcr+* oc phriatas quh cskbkofcoh y vuhjvk k phrfhrcs/ @kghfih tcfc vuhstrc* cs jcsupjagc pcr jcs ihrhgaiahotcs fh vuhstrk \ksao y iuhrth* ho jkgukj thonc puhstk tcfk ia gcoeakozk/ C` Ikrk* Rhaok ik+*tkibao ho vuhstrk aothrghsao gcoec/ @kghf quh kih k Mhss y kta tkibao* Ikfrh y hsphrkozk ik/

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Gkptujc 8

[XAHO KIK K MHWXGRAWVC WXERH GCO NXWVC JCWVRKBKMCW FH JK UAFK

Jk gkrafkf hs suerafk

Hs hstk tahrrk junkr fh ihrhgaiahotcs y* pcr jc iasic* junkr fhpkfhgaiahotcs/ Ouhstrk gksk hs hj gahjc fcofh hj Whcr ocs tahohprhpkrkfcs fhsgkosc y ehjagafkf hthroks/ \cgc hs hj tahipc quh hohsth fhstahrrc `hics fh pkskr4 phrc ho hsth gcrtc tahipc ocsvhics ghrgkfcs fh aoouihrkbjhs trkbkmcs/

Hj `cibrh* okgafc fh iumhr* vavh gcrtc tahipc y hst jjhoc fhiashraks (Mcb ;6*;!/ Vcfcs pcr ohghsafkf thohics quh pkfhghr hohsth iuofc4 yk shkics mustcs c phgkfcrhs* oc pcfhics ihocs fhgkrnkr gco jk gruz/ [uaho jk jjhvk gco pkgahogak sh skjvk4 y* pcr hjgcotrkrac* quaho jk jjhvk gco aipkgahogak* sh pahrfh/ Jks iasikskejaggacohs fagh Wko Knusto k uocs jcs gcofugho k jk njcrak* yk ctrcs jcs gcofugho kj aoeahroc/ Ho hj grascj fh jk trabujkgao shfavafh jk pkmk fhj nrkoc4 hj quh ho jks trabujkgacohs sh `uiajjk y sh

sumhtk k jk vcjuotkf fh Facs* hs nrkoc fhstaokfc pkrk hj gahjc4 phrchj quh sh hoscbhrbhgh y sh arratk* kjhmofcsh pcr hsth ictavc fhFacs* hs pkmk quh krfhr ho hj aoeahroc/

Gcoecrihs k jk aiknho fh su @amc

Wa quhrhics kjgkozkr uok shothogak ehjaz ho hj nrko fk hoquh sh muznuh ouhstrk skjvkgao* shr prhgasc quh ouhstrk vafk

`kyk safc ho tcfc gcoecrih gco jk vafk fh Mhsugrastc/ \crquhtcfcs kquhjjcs quh fhsfh jk hthroafkf Facs hsgcna pkrk su njcrak*

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fhthriao quh euhsho gcoecrih k jk aiknho fh su uoanoatc @amc(Ri 0*21!/ \krk hstc sh prcpusc hj Uhrbc hthroc vhoar kj iuofc*pkrk fkrocs hmhipjc gco su vafk y hoshkrocs k jjhvkr gcopkgahogak jks grughs quh Facs ocs ikofk= Grastc pkfhga pcr

vcsctrcs* fofccs hmhipjc* pkrk quh sanas sus ùhjjks (A \ 2*2;!/\krk hsecrzkrocs kj gcibkth quasc j pkfhghr4 jk vafk fh Grastc euhvafk fh anociaoaks y fh phoks/ \cr hsc Askks jjki k ouhstrcRhfhotcr fhsprhgakfc* vkro fh fcjcrhs* kbkofcokfc fh jcs`cibrhs (As 87*7!* trktkfc gcic hj jtaic fh tcfcs/ W* pcrquh jkvafk fh Mhsugrastc hstuvc skturkfk fh trkbkmcs y fcjcrhs/

Ks gcic Facs `k trktkfc k su kikfc @amc* fh jk iasikikohrk trktkr kj quh kik y kj quh kfcpth gcic àmc/ Hj Whcr k

quaho kik* gkstank* y kzctk k tcfc kquhj quh rhgabh pcr àmc (@b ;2*5!/ Fh k` quh famhrk uo fk k Wkotk Vhrhsk= Grhh* àmk* quh kquaho ia \kfrh is kik* fk ikycrhs trkbkmcs/ Q pcr hsc jkskotk* gukofc sh vhk is kprhtkfk fh trkbkmcs* fhgk quh oc jcsgkibakrk pcr tcfcs jcs thscrcs fhj iuofc/

[uaho pkfhgh kikofc k Facs fcbjk jk nkokogak pkrk hj gahjc/Wko Uaghoth fh \kj scjk fhgar quh hj oc phokr ho hstk tahrrk fhbhrhputkrsh gcic nrko fhsnrkgak4 y kkfk quh uok gconrhnkgao c

phrscok quh oc pkfhgh y hs fh tcfc hj iuofc kpjkufafk* hst yk kjbcrfh fhj prhgapagac/ \cr hstc* hj fk quh Wko Erkogasgc fh Ksspkskbk sao kjno trkbkmc pcr Grastc* thik quh Facs jh ùbahrkfhmkfc fh su ikoc/ Hsgrabh Wko Muko Grasstcic quh gukofc hjWhcr gcoghfh k kjnuoc hj ekvcr fh pkfhghr pcr j* jh fk ikycrnrkgak quh sa jh fahrk hj pcfhr fh rhsugatkr k jcs iuhrtcs4 pcrquh*ho hstc fh cbrkr iajknrcs* hj `cibrh sh `kgh fhufcr fh Facs* phrcho hj pkfhghr* sh `kgh Facs fhufcr fhj `cibrh/

K quao kik fk ikycrhs trkbkmcs

Jk pkgahogak phrehggacok jk cbrk (Wt ;*6!* hs fhgar* oc `kygcsk quh is knrkfh k Facs quh hj gcothipjkr k uo kjik quh gcopkgahogak h anukjfkf fh oaic jjhvk gukotks grughs jh ikofk* puhshstc hs cbrk fhj kicr* `kghrsh hj kikoth uok iasik gcsk gco hjkikfc/ Fagh Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs quh tcfks jks jjknks fhj

Rhfhotcr sco gcic bcgks pkrk hoshkrocs gic `hics fhpkfhghr trkbkmcs pcr j/ Wuerar gco gcostkogak pcr Grastc* `h k` hj

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ktkmc shnurc pkrk jjhnkr k jk skotafkf/ [uaho kik k Mhsugrastcfhshk shr gcic j= pcbrh* fhsprhgakfc* ùiajjkfc/ Uac Wko Muko kjcs bahokvhoturkfcs vhstafcs fh rcpks bjkogks y pkjiks ho susikocs/ Jk pkjik hs hibjhik fhj ikrtarac* sa baho oc tcfcs jcs

skotcs suerahrco hj ikrtarac/ Gic* puhs* tcfcs jjhvko hskspkjiks3 Rhspcofh Wko Nrhncrac quh tcfcs jcs skotcs euhrcoirtarhs* c k ikocs fhj vhrfunc c trkbkmkfcs pcr jk pkgahogak4 fhsuhrth* kkfh hj Wkotc* quh ocsctrcs sao àhrrc pcfhics shrirtarhs* gco tkj quh ouhstrk kjik sh hmhrgath ho jk pkgahogak/

Ho hj kikr suerahofc gcosasth hj iratc fh uo kjik quh kik kMhsugrastc/ Hstc euh prhgaskihoth jc quh hj Whcr famc k WkotkVhrhsk= \ahosks* àmk* quh hst hj ihrhghr ho nczkr3 Oc hst

saoc ho cbrkr* y ho pkfhghr* y ho kikr/// Qk vhs ia vafk tcfk jjhokfh pkfhghr/// Grhh* àmk* quh k quaho ia \kfrh is kik* fkikycrhs trkbkmcs y k stcs rhspcofh hj kicr/// Iark hstks jjknks*quh ouogk jjhnkro kqu tus fcjcrhs/ Q kkfh jk skotk= \uhsgrhhr quh kfiath Facs k su kiastkf hstrhg`k nhoth rhnkjkfk y saotrkbkmcs hs faspkrkth (Gki/ fh phre/ g/ 20!/ Q ho ctrc junkr fagh=Iks hjjc hrk baho pknkfc* quh gksa sahiprh hrko fhspus ho nrkokbuofkogak jks ihrghfhs (Uafk g/ 7

trabujkgacohs phrshgugacohs* gcic sh pksho sao cehofhr kj Whcr*saoc `cjnofcsh fh pkfhghrjc pcr j* tcfc hs pkrk ikycrnkokogak/

Wh kpkrhga uo fk Ouhstrc Whcr k Bkutastk Ukrkoas y jh famcquh hrko trhs jcs ekvcrhs quh j skbk `kghr k sus kikoths= hjpraihrc* oc phgkr4 hj shnuofc* hj cbrkr hj baho* y hj thrghrc* isphrehgtc* pkfhghr pcr kicr fh j/ \cr hstc iasic* skotk Vhrhskfhgk quh hj Whcr* ho rhgciphosk fh uok cbrk hiprhofafk pcr

`cork y njcrak suyk* kgkbk pcr hovakr kjno trkbkmajjc/ \cr hjjc* jcsskotcs fkbko ho sus gcotrkrahfkfhs nrkgaks k Facs/ Wko Juas* rhyfh Erkogak* `kbjkofc fh jk hsgjkvatuf pkfhgafk pcr j ho Vurquk*fhgk= Ih nczc y fcy nrkgaks k Facs* is pcr jk pkgahogak quhhotrh jks prasacohs ih `k gcoghfafc* quh sa ùbahrk gcoquastkfctcfk jk tahrrk/ Q Wkotk Askbhj* rhaok fh @uonrk* gukofc k jkiuhrth fh su hspcsc euh hxpujskfk gco su àmc fh sus Hstkfcs*kbkofcokfk fh tcfcs* hotr ho uok anjhsak fh erkogasgkocs h àzc

gkotkr uo Vh Fhui ho kggao fh nrkgaks pcr hj saonujkr ekvcr quhFacs jh fasphoskbk* `kjjofcjk fanok fh pkfhghr pcr su kicr/

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Gcic buho scjfkfc fh Grastc

Fhgk Wko Mcs fh Gkjkskoz quh pkrk nkokr hj gahjc tcfctrkbkmc hs phquhc/ Qk koths jc `kbk fag`c Wko \kbjc= Vhonc

pcr gahrtc quh tcfcs jcs pkfhgaiahotcs fhj tahipc prhshoth oc sco

okfk ho gcipkrkgao gco jk njcrak hthrok quh sh `k fh ikoaehstkrho ocsctrcs (Ri 0*;0!/ \cr jk icihotohk y janhrk trabujkgaoocs prhpkrk uo phsc hthroc fh njcrak aogkjgujkbjh (AA Gc 6*;>!/ Wa

pcr Grastc pkfhghics* rhaokrhics gco Hj (AA Vi 2*;2!/ Oc `kyprhiac sao iratc y oc `ky iratc sao hj hmhrgagac fh jk pkgahogak=Wcpcrtk jks ektanks gcic buho scjfkfc fh Grastc (AA Vi 2* 7!/

Nrko phok fk hj gciprcbkr gic iug`cs* gukofc sh trktk fhbahohs thrrhocs* prcgurko gcoshnuar jc is quh puhfho4 phrcgukofc sh trktk fh jcs bahohs hthrocs* sh gcothotko gco thohr uoraogcogatc ho hj pkrksc/ Oc `ko cbrkfc ks jcs skotcs* saoc kjgcotrkrac/

Hj quh gco is pkgahogak suerh* nczk tkibao fh istrkoquajk pkz/ Fagh Wko Ehjaph Ohra= Hj ktrabujkfc quh tcfc jc jjhvkgco pkgahogak* nczk fh uo gahjc kotagapkfc4 y hj quh oc suerh gcopkgahogak* suerh fh uo aoeahroc kotagapkfc/ Kj trktkr fh hstc* fhgkWkotk Vhrhsk quaho kbrkzk jks grughs quh Facs jh hovk* jh rhsujtkosukvhs fh jjhvkr* y oc jh gkosko/ Hstkofc Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhsfurkoth kjno tahipc kshfakfc fh tcfk suhrth fh trabujkgacohs* famc=Fhsfh `kgh kjno tahipc jks kfvhrsafkfhs y shgrhtksgcotrkfaggacohs quh hxphraihotc ih `ko gciuoagkfc uok pkz tkosukvh* quh oc tahoh anukj* y sco prhsknac fh jk prxaik y hstkbjhuoao fh ia kjik gco Facs* jk gukj ho tcfk vhrfkf hs jk oagkkibagao y hj oagc ko`hjc fh ia gcrkzo/ Uhrfkf hs fh tcfcsgcocgafk quh oc `ky pkz pkrk hj quh jjhvk uok vafk fhscrfhokfk4 ysjc hj quh vavh uoafc k Facs y `kgahofc su skotk vcjuotkf nczkrfh guipjafc nczc/ Gahrtc rhjanacsc iasacohrc fh Aofaks* ksastahofc kuo gcofhokfc quh sh `kjjkbk ho hj pktbujc* jh cy fhgar= Whpk\kfrh* quh yc eua fh su Crfho4 iahotrks cbshrv gco eafhjafkf jksRhnjks* jjhv uok vafk sao ihzgjk fh kikrnurk4 phrc gukofcgcihog k rhjkmkrih* hoshnuafk shot phok y trkbkmc ho tcfc* fhtkj ikohrk* quh kbkofcokofc jk rhjanao* ih hotrhnu k iasfhshoerhokfks pksacohs* quh kj eao ih `ko krrkstrkfc k hsthhstkfc iashrkbjh ho quh ih vh/ Jh fanc hstc pkrk quh ia hmhipjc

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puhfk shrvar k ctrcs fh hsgkriahotc/ Hj vhohrkbjh \kfrh Juas fhjk \uhoth fhgk scbrh hstc= Wa quahrhs vavar ho phrphtuk y trkoquajkpkz* tcik jc fujgh fh hstk vafk pcr kikrnc* y jc kikrnc pcrfujgh/ Ks hs fh `hg`c* pcrquh jks fujzurks* kuoquh knrkfho k

jcs shotafcs* fhmko trks fh s kikrncs rhicrfaiahotcs fhgcogahogak pcr jk gcipjkghogak fhscrfhokfk quh ho hjjks sh tahoh/Iahotrks quh jcs trkbkmcs* gukofc sh jjhvko sco kghptkfcspkgahothihoth gcic vhoafcs fh jk ikoc fh Facs* trokosh fujghsy quhrafcs k jks kjiks quh hsto hokicrkfks fh j/

\kfhghr kikofc

Ocs thohics quh phrsukfar quh ho hsth vkjjh fh jnraiks ochs pcsabjh quh ncgh fh vhrfkfhrk pkz fh gcrkzo saoc hj quhscbrhjjhvk jcs pkfhgaiahotcs y sh kbrkzk nustcsc gco hjjcs pkrkknrkfkr k Facs4 quh tkj hs jk `hrhogak y hstkfc fh gcrrupgao quhocs fhm hj phgkfc cranaokj/ Jk gcofagao fh jcs mustcs ho jk tahrrkhs pkfhghr kikofc* iahotrks quh jk fh jcs skotcs ho hj gahjc hsnczkr kikofc/ K jcs pahs fhj Grugaeamc thofrkics quh pcohr hstkspkjkbrks=Ks sh kik/ Oc hs tkotc hj pkfhghr* gukotc jk vcjuotkf fhpkfhghr pcr kicr fh Mhsugrastc* jk is gahrtk shkj pkrk vhr sa uokjik jh kik/ Q qu is nkokogak fhgk Wkotk Vhrhsk quhthohr kjno thstaicoac fh quh gcothotkics k Facs3 \hrc jkikycrk fh jcs `cibrhs sh ksustk gco sjc cr hj ocibrh fh jkgruz* fh jk ùiajjkgao y fh jks phokjafkfhs/ Wao hibkrnc* oc ekjtkokjiks kikoths quh gaerko tcfc su gcothotc ho pkfhghr* y kofkogcic aogcoscjkbjhs gukofc jhs ekjtko kerhotks y trkbkmcs/ Wjciarkr k Mhss grugaeagkfc fhgk gahrtk phrscok ih aoeuofh tkjkicr k jk gruz* quh ih pkrhgh quh oc pcfrk shr ehjaz sao

pkfhgaiahotcs/ Hsth hs hj gcoshmc quh Grastc fk k quaho fhshkshnuar sus pkscs= Jjhvh su gruz fh gkfk fk y snkih (Jg 1*27!/\hrc `ky quh tcikrjk y shnuarjc* oc pcr euhrzk y k fhsphg`c* saocgco ùiajfkf* pkgahogak y kicr/

Guotc knrkfk k Facs hj quh ùiajfhihoth y gco pkgahogaksh kbrkzk gco jks grughs quh jh hovk+ Fhgk Wko Anokgac fhJcycjk quh oc `ky jhk tko k prcpsatc pkrk hoghofhr y gcoshrvkrhj euhnc fhj kicr fh Facs gcic hj ikfhrc fh jk gruz* hs fhgar* hjkikrjc ho ihfac fh jcs sueraiahotcs/ Gahrtc fk Wkotk Nhrtrufas

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prhnuot qu gcsk pcfk cerhghr kj Whcr quh jh euhsh isknrkfkbjh y jh famc= Iark* àmk* oc `ky gcsk quh yc rhgabk gcois nustc quh hj quh suerahrks gco anukjfkf fh oaic tcfks jkstrabujkgacohs quh th skjahsho kj pksc/ \cr hsc fhgk Wko Muko fh

Kvajk= Is vkjh ho jks kfvhrsafkfhs uo nrkgaks k Facs* uo bhofatcshk Facs* quh shas iaj nrkgaks fh bhofagacohs y prcsphrafkfhs/ Qgco tcfc* jcs `cibrhs anocrko tcfkvk hj vkjcr fh jk gruz jjhvkfkpcr Grastc/ Wa gcocgashics hj iratc fhj pkfhghr pcr Facs* ocsrcbkrkics jks cgksacohs fh pkfhghr/

Hs aipcsabjh jjhnkr k jk uoao gco Facs sao jks kfvhrsafkfhs*pcrquh pcr ihfac fh hjjks sh hxtaonuho fh ouhstrk kjik tcfksouhstrks ikjks aogjaokgacohs/ Q* pcr hstc* jks aomuraks* fhsprhgacs*

hoehrihfkfhs* prfafks fh pkrahoths y fh kiancs* ocs scosuikihoth ohghskraks/ Fh fcofh rhsujtk* shno Wko Muko fh jkGruz* quh hj kjik quh ko`hjk shr tcfk fh Facs koths busgk jcfhskbrafc quh jc skbrcsc4 y is sh aogjaok k pkfhghr* quh kjgcosuhjc/// y k jks shquhfkfhs y kejaggacohs* quh k jks fujghsgciuoagkgacohs* y ksk `k fh kbrkzkr vafkihoth tcfks jksicrtaeagkgacohs vcjuotkraks* y gco ikycr kvafhz ko y kicr jksaovcjuotkraks* pcrquh stks sco is quhrafks fh Facs/ Fh k` quh

jjhnksh k fhgar Wkjcio= Ihmcr hs shr suerafc quh `rch (\rcv ;5*72!/

Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs fhgk quh jks trabujkgacohs quh ocsvahoho fh jk ikoc fh Facs c fh jcs `cibrhs pcr bhohpjgatc fhFacs* sco sahiprh is prhgacsks quh jks quh sco àmks fh ouhstrkprcpak vcjuotkf4 pcrquh hs jhy nhohrkj quh fcofh ihocs junkrtahoh ouhstrk vcjuotkf* is gcothotc `ky pkrk Facs y prcvhg`cpkrk ouhstrks kjiks/ Rkzo pcr jk gukj kearikbk Wkotk Ikrk fh

\kzzas oc `kbhr gcsk ho hj iuofc* pcr kikrnk quh euhsh* quh ocjk suerahrk kjhnrhihoth* phoskofc quh prcghfh fh jk favaok ikoc/Q ks euh* pcrquh* ho jcs oc phquhcs trkbkmcs quh tuvc quh suerar*bkstbkjh trkhr k jk ihicrak shr vcjuotkf fh Facs* pkrk rhgcbrkr jkpkz y trkoquajafkf/

Rcnuhics* puhs* kj Whcr quh ocs `kjjh fanocs fh kikrjc4quh* sa jh kikics phrehgtkihoth* tcfcs jcs bahohs thrrhocs sh ocs`kro ùic y jcfc* kj pksc quh jks anociaoaks sh ocs tcrokro ho

sukvsaics fhjhaths/ Ho hsth shotafc fhgk Wko Muko Grasstcicfhgk= Juhnc quh jk phrscok `k jjhnkfc kj phrehgtc kicr fh Facs*

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vavh gcic sa hstuvahsh scjk scbrh jk tahrrk4 oc sh guafk is fh jknjcrak oa fh jks anociaoaks4 fhsprhgak jks thotkgacohs y trkbkmcs* ypahrfh hj nustc fh jks gcsks thrrhoks/ Oc hogcotrkofc kyufk oarhpcsc ho jks gcsks fhj iuofc* gcrrh hj kjik sao trhnuk oa

fhsgkosc trks hj kikfc* sao quh `kyk hstcrbc quh jk fhthonk*pcrquh yk trkbkmh* gcik* vhjh* fuhrik* ho gukotc `knk c fank* suko`hjc oagc hs `kjjkr kj kikfc4 quh ho j hst su gcrkzo pcrhstkr ho j su thscrc/


[uhrafc Mhss ic y thscrc ic* pcr jks cehosks quh cs `agh

oc ihrhzgc faserutkr fh vuhstrc kicr* iks pcr vuhstrcsihrhgaiahotcs cs ruhnc quh ih `knas fanoc fh j/ Cs kic scbrhtcfks jks gcsks* y ih fuhjh fh tcfc gcrkzo fh `kbhrcsfhsprhgakfc ho hj pkskfc y krrcmkfc fh ia kjik/ \hrc k`crk cskic is quh k i iasic* cs kic gco tcfc ia gcrkzo* c` bahoaoeaoatc+ y oc thonc ctrc fhshc quh kikrcs gco is phrehgtc kicr/Oc phriatas* Facs ic* quh yc rhspcofk gco aonrktatuf k tkotkbcofkf vuhstrk/ [uahrc hipjhkr jcs kcs quh quhfko fh vafk ho

kikrcs y ho gcipjkghrcs/ C` Ikrk* hsphrkozk ik+ Uuhstrc @amcktahofh sahiprh vuhstrks spjagks= rcnkfjh pcr i* y kjgkozkfih jknrkgak fh kikrjc phrehgtkihoth/

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Gkptujc 5

HJ [XH KIK K MHWXGRAWVC \RKGVAGK JKIKOWHFXIBRH

Jk gkrafkf hs bhoanok

Uhoghr hj ikj k euhrzk fh baho

Hj hspratu fh ikoshfuibrh hs prcpac fh Facs= Ia hspratu hsis fujgh quh jk iahj(Hggja 26*2>!/ \cr hsc hj kjik hokicrkfk fhFacs kik k tcfcs jcs quh Facs kik* gcic sco ouhstrcs prmaics4 yks gco vcjuotkf kicrcsk y gcoecrih k sus euhrzks busgk hj icfcfh kyufkr* gcoscjkr y fkr nustc ho gukotc hst ho su ikoc/

Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs* ikhstrc fh ikoshfuibrh* fhgk=Jk `uiajfh ikoshfuibrh hs jk vartuf fh jks vartufhs quh Facstkotc ocs rhgciahofk4 y pcr hsc hs prhgasc prkgtagkrjk sahiprh y hotcfc junkr/

Hstk ikoshfuibrh fhbh prkgtagkrsh gco jcs pcbrhs

hsphgakjihoth* quahohs fh crfaokrac* sjc pcr shrjc* scosphrkihoth trktkfcs pcr jcs `cibrhs/ Fhbh* ksaiasic*prkgtagkrsh gco jcs hoehrics* jcs gukjhs* kquhmkfcs gcic sh vhopcr sus fcjhogaks* hsto ikj ksastafcs/ Q is pkrtagujkrihoth `kfh prkgtagkrsh jk ikoshfuibrh gco jcs hohiancs* tkj gcic jchoshk Wko \kbjc= \rcgurk vhoghr hj ikj k euhrzk fh baho (Ri;2*2;!/ Gco hj kicr sh `k fh trauoekr fhj cfac* y fh jk phrshgugaosh `k fh skjar vhoghfcr gco jk ikoshfuibrh4 hsth hs hj gkiaoc

quh sanuahrco jcs skotcs y pcr hsc jjhnkrco k nkokrsh hj kehgtc fhsus is hogkroazkfcs hohiancs/

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Oc `ky gcsk fhgk Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs quh tkotchfaeaquh kj prmaics gcic hj trktc kekbjh y kicrcsc/ Q pcr hschsth skotc cbaspc sahiprh kofkbk gco jk scorask ho jcs jkbacs4 ysus ikohrks y icfkjhs* sus pkjkbrks y nhstcs* rhsparkbko

bhoanoafkf4 `kstk hj hxtrhic quh Wko Uaghoth fh \kj fhgk fh jquh hrk hj `cibrh is bhoanoc quh `kbk gcocgafc* y quh gcosjc iarkrjc grhk vhr jk gcpak eahj fh jk bcofkf fh Mhsugrastc/ @kstkgukofc thok quh ohnkr jc quh su gcogahogak oc jc phriatkgcoghfhr* fh tkj ikohrk sh icstrkbk bhoanoc* quh jcs scjagatkoths*k phskr fh vhr erustrkfc su aothotc* sh ikrg`kbko gcothotcs ykeagacokfcs k su phrscok/ Gco tcfcs hrk bhoanoc* gco jcssuphracrhs* gco jcs anukjhs* gco jcs aoehracrhs* gco jcs fh jk gksk ygco jcs fh euhrk* iuy faehrhoth fh kquhjjcs quh ho hxprhsao fhjiasic Wkotc pkrhgho onhjhs euhrk fh gksk* y fhotrc scofakbjcs/ Ouogk sh quhmkbk fh jks ekjtks fh jcs grakfcs y ekiajakrhs*rkrk vhz jcs kicohstkbk* y sa jc `kgk* hrk sahiprh gco pkjkbrksbjkofks y sukvhs/ Jc gukj* pcr gahrtc* hs iuy fanoc fh kjkbkr hojcs quh tahoho kutcrafkf* quh fhbho gco tcfcs shr sukvh y bhoanoc4y gukofc shkjko uok cgupkgao* fhbho is baho rcnkr quhikofkr/ Fhgk Wko Uaghoth fh \kj= Oc `kjjkro jcs suphracrhsihmcr icfc fh shr cbhfhgafcs quh sahofc kekbjhs y bhoanocs/

Ho jk gcrrhggao* gkrafkf

@kstk ho jk gcrrhggao fh jcs fhehgtcs fhbh hj quh ncbahrokrhspjkofhghr jk thipjkozk4 quh oc hs jc iasic gcrrhnar gcohohrnk quh rhprhofhr gco ksphrhzk/ K vhghs `kbr quh gcrrhnargco rancr y hohrnk* gukofc sh trktk fh nrkvhs ekjtks* y ixaih sasco rhaogafhoths4 phrc kuo hotcoghs nukrficocs fh gcrrhnar gco

hocmc y ksphrhzk* pcrquh hj quh rhprhofh gco ark `kgh is fkcquh prcvhg`c/ Wa ho kjnuok cgksao euhsh ohghskrac fkr kj gujpkbjhshvhrk rhprhosao* pkrk quh sh f guhotk fh jk nrkvhfkf fh suekjtk* hs ohghskrac* kj ihocs* kj eaokj fh jk rhprhosao fhmkrjh* gcicfagho* gco jk iahj ho jk bcgk* faranaofcjh pkjkbrks kpkgabjhs ygkracsks/ Wh aipcoh skokr jks `hrafks* k hmhipjc fhj skikratkocfhj Hvkonhjac* gco vaoc y kghath/ Ks gcic hj kghath fagh WkoErkogasgc fh Wkjhs ejctk scbrh jcs fhis jquafcs* ks hs

ohghskrac quh ho tcfks ouhstrks kggacohs scbrhokfh jkbhoanoafkf/ Q sa jk phrscok `k fh suerar jk gcrrhggao hst turbkfk

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y kjbcrctkfk* ho hsth gksc gcovahoh kpjkzkr jk rhprhosao `kstkquh sh jh vhk shrhoc4 fh jc gcotrkrac* sjc sh jcnrkrk arratkrjh is/Gukofc jk gksk krfh* hs uok nrko aiprufhogak hg`kr is jhk kjeuhnc/

Oc skbas k qu hspratu phrthohgas (Jg 1*88!/ Ks `kbjkbkMhsugrastc k Wkotaknc y Muko gukofc jh pafahrco quh gkstankrk k jcsskikratkocs pcr `kbhrjcs hxpujskfc fh su pks/ Gic3 faghMhss [u hspratu hs sth3 Oc hs* pcr gahrtc* hj ic* tcfcbjkofurk y sukvafkf* puhs oc vaoh k phrfhr jks kjiks* saoc kskjvkrjks/ Q vcsctrcs* aothotas quh pahrfk k jcs skikratkocs3Gkjjkf y oc ih faramas tkj spjagk* pcrquh rhpatc quh sh oc hs iahspratu/

Q ho vhrfkf* gco quh fujzurk trkt Grastc k jk iumhr kfjthrk+Iumhr* oaonuoc th `k gcofhokfc4 yc tkipcgc th gcofhoc/ Kofk yfhsfh k`crk oc phquhs is (Mo 0*1);;!/ Wh gcothot gcokicohstkrjk quh oc vcjvahsh k phgkr y jk fhspafa ho pkz/ Gcoqu bhoanoafkf tkibao busg jk skjvkgao fh jk skikratkok3Gcihoz pafaofcjh fh bhbhr* y juhnc jh famc= Wa supahrks quao hshj quh th pafh fh bhbhr+ (Mo 6*;

Kfhis* gco guotk fujzurk prcgur jk gcovhrsao fhj Mufkshj trkafcr* `kstk kfiatarjh k gcihr gco j ho hj iasic pjktc* jkvkrjhjcs pahs y kicohstkrjh gkratktavkihoth ho hj iasic kgtc fh jktrkagao= Mufks* gco uo bhsc hotrhnks kj @amc fhj `cibrh3 (Jg22*60!/

Q pkrk gcovhrtar k \hfrc* quh pcr trhs vhghs `kbk rhohnkfcfh j* qu `kgh3 Q vcjvaofcsh hj Whcr* iar k \hfrc (Jg 22*5;!/Jh iar gco tkj throurk quh cbr su gcovhrsao4 fh tkj icfc quh

\hfrc* iahotrks vava* oc fhm fh jjcrkr jk aomurak `hg`k k suIkhstrc/

Guotc is sh jcnrk gco jk kekbajafkf quh gco jk shvhrafkf+Oc `ky gcsk is kikrnk quh jk ouhz fhgk Wko Erkogasgc fhWkjhs4 phrc uok vhz gcoeatkfk hs fujgh y sukvh kj pkjkfkr/ Hstcpksk tkibao gco jk gcrrhggao4 kuoquh fhsknrkfkbjh ho s* `hg`kgco gkrafkf y kicrcsks pkjkbrks* sh vuhjvh fujgh y iuyprcvhg`csk/ Fhgk fh s iasic Wko Uaghoth fh \kj quh ho hjncbahroc fh su Gconrhnkgao oc sh kgcrfkbk fh `kbhr gcrrhnafc k

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okfah sphrkihoth* euhrk fh trhs vhghs quh sh grhy ho hj fhbhrfh cbrkr ks* fh jc quh sahiprh sh `kbk krrhphotafc* puhs jh `kbkrhsujtkfc gcotrkprcfughoth* kj pksc quh sahiprh quh `kbkgcrrhnafc gco fujzurk `kbk gcoshnuafc jc quh prhthofk/

Wahiprh kikbjh

Wko Erkogasgc fh Wkjhs* gco su trktc kikbjh* gcoshnukgukotc prhthofk* `kstk jjhvkr k Facs k jcs phgkfcrhs iscbstaokfcs/ Anukj `kgk Wko Uaghoth fh \kj* quh scjk fhgar k jcssuycs= Jk kekbajafkf* hj kicr y jk `uiajfkf tahoho uok euhrzkikrkvajjcsk pkrk gcoquastkrsh jcs gcrkzcohs h aofugarjcs k kbrkzkr`kstk jc is rhpunokoth k jk okturkjhzk/ Gahrtc fk hogcihof kuoc fh sus iasacohrcs jk gcovhrsao fh uo nrko phgkfcr4 iks hj\kfrh* pcr is hseuhrzcs quh `azc* oc gcosanua okfk* pcr jc quhrcn kj Wkotc jh faranahrk j kjnuoks pkjkbrks4 `zcjc ks WkoUaghoth y jc gcovarta/ Hj phgkfcr ho guhstao kearikbk fhspus quhjh `kbk gkutavkfc hj gcrkzo jk saonujkr fujzurk y gkrafkf fhj \/Uaghoth/ \cr hsc hj Wkotc oc pcfk tcjhrkr quh sus iasacohrcstrktksho k jcs phoathoths gco ksphrhzk* kshnurofcjhs quh hjfhicoac sh sarvh fhj rancr pkrk jjhvkr jks kjiks kj aoeahroc/

@ky quh prkgtagkr jk bhoanoafkf gco tcfcs* ho tcfk cgksao yho tcfc tahipc/ Kfvahrth Wko Bhrokrfc quh `ky kjnuocs fh trktcsukvh iahotrks jks gcsks ikrg`ko gcic uok shfk* iks sa shktrkvahsk gukjquahr gcotrkrahfkf* sh hogahofho sbatkihoth ygciahozko k hg`kr euhnc gcic hj Uhsubac/ K hstcs tkjhs sh jhspuhfh jjkikr gkrbcohs hoghofafcs* kuo gukofc hsto cgujtcs hotrhghoazks/ [uaho quahrk skotaeagkrsh `k fh shr gcic hj jarac hotrhhspaoks* quh pcr is quh okzgk hotrh hjjks* oc fhmk fh shr jarac*sahiprh sukvh y fhjhatkbjh/ Hj quh kik k Facs* gcoshrvk sahiprh jkpkz fhj gcrkzo y jk trkfugh `kstk ho hj rcstrc* jc iasic ho jkprcsphrafkf quh ho jk kfvhrsafkf* gcic gkot hj gkrfhokj \htrugga=

Uh ho tcroc suyc kj iuofc*quh ho phrphtuk iufkozk nark kosacsc4iks ho su aothracr* rhaok

prceuofc rhtarc iasthracsc*

y* kjj uoafk k Facs* vavh ho rhpcsc/

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Ho jks kfvhrsafkfhs sh gcocgh k jcs `cibrhs/ Wko Erkogasgcfh Wkjhs kikbk tahrokihoth k jk Crfho fh jk Uasatkgao* quh tkotcstrkbkmcs quh `kbk gcstkfc/ K ihoufc jk vac k paquh fh phrfhrsh*kj hibkth fh jks phrshgugacohs quh scbrh hjjk sh

fhshogkfhokbko4 iks ouogk hj Wkotc phrfa jk pkz* y `kstk shkjhnrkbk fh jk fhstruggao fh jk Crfho sa kj Whcr knrkfkrk4hotcoghs euh gukofc famc= Fhsfh `kgh kjno tahipc jkskfvhrsafkfhs y gcotrkfaggacohs quh hxphraihotc ih `ko `hg`cnczkr fh tko trkoquajk pkz* quh oc tahoh shihmkoth* y hs prhsknacfh hstkr yk ghrgkoc hj fk fh jk hstkbjh uoao fh ia kjik gco Facs*oagc ko`hjc fh ia gcrkzo/

Gukofc ocs kgcothzgk thohr quh rhspcofhr k quaho ocs trkth

ikj* vanajicocs pkrk rhspcofhr sahiprh gco fujzurk* pcrquh uokrhspuhstk bjkofk kpjkgk jk ark (\rcv ;8*;!/ Xok rhspuhstk sukvhbkstk pkrk kpknkr uo aoghofac fh gjhrk/ Gukofc ocs saotkicsturbkfcs* jc ihmcr hs gkjjkr4 pcrquh hotcoghs oc ocs pkrhghr ikjfhgar jk praihrk pkjkbrk quh ocs vaoahrh k jk bcgk4 phrc* gkjikfk jkpksao* vhrhics quh tkotcs euhrco jcs phgkfcs* gukotks pkjkbrksbrctkrco fh ouhstrcs jkbacs/

Q kuo gukofc gkankics ho kjnuok ekjtk* tkibao hotcoghs

ocs hs ohghskrak jk ikoshfuibrh4 puhs arratkrsh gcotrk s* fhspusfh uok ekjtk* oc hs `uiajfkf* saoc rheaokfk scbhrbak* gcic sa oceurkics is quh ejkquhzk y iashrak/ Fhgk Wkotk Vhrhsk= Hohstk `uiajfkf quh pcoh hj fhicoac* oc `ky juz pkrk oaono baho4tcfc pkrhgh jc pcoh Facs k euhnc y skonrh/ (Uafk* g/ 7

prkgtagkics hstcs hmhrgagacs* shr gco ihonukfc prcvhg`c/ WkoJuas Ncozknk fhgk quh gcic ho hj knuk turbak oc sh vh* hsc jckprcvhg`k hj fhicoac pkrk sus phsgks/ Gukofc hj kjik hstturbkfk* oc rhgcocgh k Facs oa jc quh prcghfh `kghr/ Hotcoghs* pcrtkotc* fhspus fh jk gkfk ho gukjquahr fhehgtc* hs

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