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D`s pronokspossdssius dn

``dnfuc mumiAcvia Xc``s

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LontinfutMrdu introaulli............................................................................................. =

D`s pronoks possdssius dn `c `dnfuc mumi.....................................................=

Lonl`usions.................................................................................................... 7

Mim`iofrchc...................................................................................................32

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Mrdu introaulli

@c ``dnfuc mumi s unc ``dnfuc a'orifdn mcntu qud ds pcr`c pdr unds 12.222 pdrsondsc `i``c ad Mioeo, c Fuindc Dquctoric`.

Qotc `c inhorkci! qud poso c ontinuci! s trdtc ad horkc d"`usi#c ad`s ``imrds

cnokdncts c `c mim`iofrchic i qud s!n ad `cutor $usto Mo`deic. %i"&, tcnt `c tdoric ok `c

kd#c intdrprdtci! acqudstc ds mcsc dn cqudstc hont nic.

D`s pronoks possdssius dn `c ``dnfuc mumi

Dn mumi `c possdssi! prdsdntc trds horkds ckm uns qucnts c`(`okorhs cac unc)

*infu`cr +`urc`

c. pdrsonc -k-ri-nr/ kdus3 -=-a/!-c! nostrds3

dtiu. *dfons Mo`deic) 0d` cukdnto ds un d`dkdnto

msilckdntd horkc` qud no ccad otro sifnihilcao c` nokmrd qud cntdldad, si no ds

cltuc`izcr`o u otorfcr`d un vc`or dspdlhilo, admiao dn pcrtd c su pcpd` adtdrkincntd.

Mo`deic Mo`de8, 9urso ad `dnfuc mumi, ??, p. 1B3.9cac `cssd nokinc` portc cqudst

adtdrkincnt, c d"dpi! ad `c `cssd C qud no dn portc. Dn mumi i c quctrd horkds

aihdrdnts acqudsts adtdrkincnts, sdnsd qud ni cfi unds adspd&hiquds pdr c `ds

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`cssds nokinc`s ad` sinfu`cr ni pdr c` p`urc`.

Lnc ad `ds crctdr&stiquds ad `c ``dnfuc mumi i, qud s okpcrtiac ckm `ds

adks ``dnfAds mcntu, s!n d` qud tot >ust sc dskdntct c` pcrfrch cntdrior) `ds `cssds

nokinc`s. %qudstds s!n uns prdhi"os ckm d`s quc`s sinaiqudn d` sinfu`cr o d` p`urc` ad`ds pcrcu`ds. %qudstds prdhi"os #cridn dn huni! ad si pcr`dk ad pdrsonds, cnikc`s i

om>dtds ad ai#drsds kdnds i, pdr tcnt, tdndn unc horkc prpic pdr c cac `cssd. Dn mumi

i c B tipus aihdrdnts ad `cssd nokinc`s. @c `cssd < s d` p`urc` ad `c `cssd , `c

`cssd 1 s d` p`urc` ad `c `cssd 6 i ci"& sudssi#ckdnt.

Ln op #ist cqudsts aos d`dkdnts) `cufkdnt i d` prdhi" ad `cssdH >c crrimc

`d`dkdnt possd7t c` quc` i suhi"crdk d` possdssiu. +dr tcnt, #dfdk d` pros ad rdci!

aunc orci! ckm un possdssiud` kdu pcrdnt.

9ok qud 0pcrdnt; pdrtcn/ c `c `cssd nokinc` , `i orrdspon d` adtdrkincnt

cufkdnt pdr c cqudstc `cssd qud s d` prdhi" qud s d` kctdi" qud d` ad `ds `cssds 6,

i 63. dsprs, i dk ad poscr d` prdhi" nokinc` pdr c `c `cssd qud s m, adsprs

>c #d d` sumstcntiu 0pcrdnt;, ty, sdfuit ad` suhi" possdssiu kdu, -k. %i"& aons, tinardk

mty k m-ty-k3.

@ds tcu`ds qud poso c ontinuci! kostrdn `ds B `cssds ckm `ds ai#drsds horkds

auti`it:cr d` possdssiu. Go dsti sdfur qud `ds nokdn`cturds ad `ds tcu`ds sifuin

orrdtds, >c qud +9 s prdhi" ad `cssd, pdr hc rdhdr5nic c` adkostrctiu acufkdntH i

Q s tdkc adkostrctiu, qucn hc rdhdr5nic c` possdssiuc sifui pdrsonc, cnikc` o om>dtd3.

3 \omrd `c frchc lc` air ud d` kctdi! cutor dn unds omrds dslriu d`

possdssiu dnfcn!ct i dn a"c`trds sdpcrct ad "d`dkdnt possd#t.

= $Mo`d%ic Mo`d%&' Aillioncrio Dspc(o`)Mumi * M+m,m+)-pcnn&' =22/' p. =

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*i cnc`it:dk `c tcu`c cntdrior poardk omsdr#cr qud d` prikdr d"dkp`d ad tots s

d` qud dk cfchct cntdriorkdnt pdr d"p`icr `c onstrui! ckm possdssiu. +dr c ks,

poadk omsdr#cr qud dn chdfir d` suhi" possdssiu ``tikc #oc` ad` possd7t d"pdrikdntc

un c``crfckdnt dn totds `ds `cssds, kdn/s c `c aos.

Lnc aihdr5nic ad okportckdnt c omsdr#cr ckm d` ctc` o dn d`s d"dkp`ds ad`

cstd`` adsrits c `c kctdi"c tcu`c, s qud d` possdssiu dn ctc` i cstd`` onorac dnnokmrd ckm d` possd7t d` kdu pcrdnt, d`s kdus pcrdnts. % ks, dn ctc` tckm

onorac dn f5ndrdd` kdu fdrk, `c kd#c fdrkcnc. Dn d` cs ad` mumi kcrqudk d`

sinfu`cr o d` p`urc` ad` possd7t ckm `c `cssd, pdr d` possdssiu rdstc in#cricm`d = `.

sinf3 m=t/= k possdssiu sinf3H c `. < p`3 mct/= k possdssiu sinf3.

Qcu`c =. Ln possd7aor i un o ai#drsos om>dtds possd7ts pdr c `c sdfonc pdrsonc.

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% `c Qcu`c < #didk qud no i c un c``crfckdnt #o`i dn chdfir d` possdssiu.

+d` qud hc c `c rdstc, d` okportckdnt s d` kctdi" qud c `c tcu`c .

Qcu`c dtds possd7ts pdr c `c 6c pdrsonc.

% `c Qcu`c 6 dns i cpcrdi" un d`dkdnt nou c `c o`uknc Q i qud d` tromdk

dntrd pcr5ntdsi. %qudst d`dkdnt sintdrposc dntrd `d`dkdnt possd7t i d` possdssiu. Is un

korhdkc onoracnt, d` quc` s un d`dkdnt qud oiniadi" ckm d` prdhi" ad `cssd, qud

cpcrdi" tcnt dn orcions chirkcti#ds ok ndfcti#ds. %qudst korhdkds onoracnts

huniondn ok c pronoks okp`dkdnt i `c sd#c prds5nic s inaispdnscm`d pdrqu5 i

cfi frckctic`itct. %i"&, dn cqudst cs pdr horkcr unc orci! ckm possdssiu qudac

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adsf`ossct ad c sdfAdnt kcndrc)

D` sdu pcrdntcufkdnt3 J mprdhi" ad `cssd3 J typcrdnt - possd7t3 J

m)pronok okp`dkdnt J ccpossdssiu3.

% `ds `cssds , 1, E?, 2 i 6 d` possdssiu d"pdrikdntc c``crfckdnt #o`i 8i

-88i.

% `ds 6, C, ,< i 6 tckm i c c``crfckdnt #o`i dn d` possdssiu, >unt ckm

un cn#i #o`i dn d` pronok okp`dkdnt, sdfurckdnt proau7t pdr crkonit:ci!

#o`ic dn c#dr-i tcntds #oc`s >untds.

Ki c c`funds insdrions onsonntiquds dntrd d` possd7t i d` pronok onoracnt

ad `ds quc`s `cutor no dn a!nc cp kdnc ainhorkci! pdr d"dkp`d, c `c `cssd i 23.

D`s adk5s cspdtds >c cn sifut okdntcts cntdriorkdnt.

Qcu`c 1. i#drsos possd7aors i un o ai#drsos om>dtds possd7ts pdr c `c prikdrc

pdrsonc ad` p`urc`.

%qudstc tcu`c prdsdntc d` kctdi" pcrcaifkc ad `c tcu`c 6. % `d"dkp`d ad `c

`cssd , omsdr#dk qud d` pronok okp`dkdnt qudac cssiki`ct ains ad` sumstcntiu ty

qud ccmc ckm d` kctdi" so #o`i.

9ok >c d d"p`ict c `c Qcu`c , dn cqudst cs tdnik d` pronok p`urc` c! qud

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rdstc in#cricm`d, kdntrd qud ckm `c `cssd posdk d` possd7t dn sinfu`cr o dn p`urc`. Dn d`

cs ad` ctc` poar&dk air qud rdaup`iqudk d` p`urc`, >c qud hdk nostrdnostrds. Gostrd

>c s un p`urc`, d` quc` hdk onoracr ckm d` possd7t qucn cqudst s dn p`urc`.

Qcu`c 4. i#drsos possd7aors i un o ai#drsos possd7ts pdr c `c sdfonc pdrsonc ad`p`urc`.

Dn cqudstc tcu`c `ni hdnokdn c adstccr ad `ds adks s qud cpcrdi" uncaom`d ncsc` c` possdssiu cn-cnn. Kd dstct kircnt `c mim`iofrchic i no dn a!nc cp

kdnc ad"p`ici!.

Qcu`c 8. i#drsos possd7aors i un o ai#drsos om>dtds possd7ts pdr c `c tdrdrc

pdrsonc ad` p`urc`.

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Dn cqudstc tcu`c, tckm, c adstccr ad aihdrdnt s `cpcrii! ad `c aom`d

`o`usi#c mi`cmic` sonorc cm -cmm. Qckpo d tromct cp d"p`ici! c `c

mim`iofrchic.

Lonl`usions

Dntdndnt qud d` qud hc aih&i` dn `cprdndntctfd aunc sdfonc ``dnfuc s `c

``dnfuc ad `c quc` ds pro#, ads aun punt ad #istc aun ctc`cnopcr`cnt, `s ad`s

possdssius dn mumi no prdsdntc cp prom`dkc, ci"& ok dntdnard qud rdstc in#cricm`d

rdspdtd c` possd7aor, ok >c dk pofut #durd. Dn ctc` tdnik #ostrd#ostrds pdr

onoracnNc ad f5ndrd ckm d` possd7t, dn mumi s sdkprd cn qud >c s d` p`urc` ad`possd7aor in#cricm`d, i noks ds kcrc d` p`urc` c trc#s ad `c `cssd c `d`dkdnt possd7t.

D` qud s& poar&dk inaicr ok c okp`ict pdr c un ctc`cnopcr`cnt s aokincr tot d`

sistdkc ad `cssds, ok tckm d`s pronoks cufkdnt i d`s pronoks okp`dkdnt. %i"&

ok `ds aup`icions i c``crfckdnts ad sons qud ds tromdn dn horkcr d` possdssiu. 9ok

tckm, d` qud dntdn >o qud s totc `c`(`okorhic somrd `c quc` no nd tromct cp kdnc

ad"p`ici! c `c mim`iofrchic.

%i"& kctdi" #u`` poscr i okdntcr `c sdfAdnt itc) 0c lokp`d!c rd`cli"n ad

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posdsi"n vidnd kcrlcac dn mumi por un adtdrkincntd lo`olcao adtrs ad` nokmrd ad`

om!dto posdao. #crc inailcr ail$c rd`cli"n tdnardkos dn ludntc d` n%kdro ad

posddaords &uno o vcrios) y d` n%kdro ad om!dtos posdaos &uno o vcrios). Mo`deic

Mo`de8, 9urso ad `dnfuc mumi, ??, p. B3. Oucn un ``dfdi" ci" sdspcntc) 0 `c

lokp`d!c rd`cli"n;, aons m, pdr un ctc`cnopcr`cnt o cstd``cnopcr`cnt, ok s d` cs

ad` *r. Mo`deic, d` sistdkc ad possdssius dn mumi no s pcs ks okp`ict, ad hdt, potsdr

s ks sdn:i`` qud dn ctc`, >c qud d` possdssiu c ad onoracr dn f5ndrd i nokmrd

ckm d` possd7t i dn mumi no s ci"&. Is ks, dn ctc` dns poadk tromcr d` possdssiu

cmcns ad` possd7td` kdu fdrkH o adsprs csc kd#c. D` qud s& qud s okp`ict,

ads ad` nostrd punt ad #istc i ok >c d ait cntdriorkdnt, s `c horkci! aunc orci!

ckm d` possdssiu. Ln c`trd punt qud dspcntc s qucn chirkc) 0#crc inailcr ail$c

rd`cli"n tdnardkos dn ludntc d` n%kdro ad posddaords &uno o vcrios) y d` n%kdro ad

om!dtos posdaos &uno o vcrios). D"p`ict ci"&, sdkm`c un ondptd ko`t dkmoirct, >c

qud hc `c sdnsci! qud c`fui tdnir ko`ts hctors dn okptd, pdr un op ks, dn ctc`

tckm dk ad tdnir dn okptd d`s kctdi"os hctors, d` nokmrd ad possd7aors kdu,

nostrd3 i d` nokmrd ad possd7ts csc, csds3, i c ks tot c ad onoracr ckm tot. %i"&

s qud potsdr `cnunict ad 0lokp`d!c rd`cli"n; ds orrdspon ks c c`func kdnc ad

prd3>uaii somrd 0crc us dnsdn/cr d`s possdssius dn unc ``dnfuc d"tic aRhric qud

fcirdm ninf no pcr`c;, qud dn un >uaii rdc` somrd `c okp`d"itct ad` possdssiu dn si, i

insistdi"o, qud `c horkci! ad `c hrcsd ckm `ds `cssds, dt., i ads ad` nostrd punt ad

#istc, s& qud s okp`d"c.

Sinc`kdnt dskdntcr qud `c inhorkci! aoncac pd` kctdi" cutor dn `ds ai#drsds

omrds no sdfudi" un ritdri unihicaor i, qud hins i tot, t c`funs cspdtds ontrcaitoris

dntrd omrc i omrc, pd` qud aihiu`tc horNc `c intdrprdtci! ad` qud si dst d"p`icnt. %i"&

aons, cqudst trdmc`` s d` rdsu`tct, ks o kdn/s d"it!s, ad kircr ad poscr dn orard i

onoracnNc d`s aihdrdnts ritdris acqudstds omrds.

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Mim`iofrchcMo`d%ic Mo`d%&' 8. $3//3. Lurso ad `dnfuc mumi.6c`cmo' uindc Ductoric`9

Dailionds Ldntro Lu`turc` :ispcno)uindcno.

Mo`d%ic Mo`d%&' 8. $=22/. Aillioncrio Dspco`-Mumi / Mmm-@pcnn.

6caria9 Dailionds 5%c`.

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