plan piloto de implementación de ambientes virtuales en la facultad de odontología de la...

8/14/2019 Plan piloto de implementacin de ambientes virtuales en la Facultad de Odontologa de la Universidad de Carabo

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Yotjw{e ko [oglfbfae ko Jldfyègjl z Gfùljgegjl ol Okugegjl

4:

]BEL ]JBF[F KO J@]BO@OL[EGJL

KO E@IJOL[OW TJY[_EBOW OL BEDEG_B[EK KO FKFL[FBFAE KO BE_LJTOYWJKEK KO GEYEIFIF, GEWF>

EWJALE[_YE WEB_K Z WFGJOKEK

Jla, Ktjbe" Fwgey , Ow}ogjebjw{e [JG" Kjyoggjl ko [oglfbfaeEtel~eke-_G, (fketjbeMg,ok,to*,

Fkfl, Tjbbe`j~ey" W{obbe, ]yfd, Ewjw{ol{o ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbf-ae, (_G* (wtjbbe`j~eyMg,ok,to*,

Jla, Djaoyokf" Geyòl, ]yfd, Ewjw{ol{o ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbf-ae, (_G* (gi=1Maèjb,gf`*,

_ljtoywjkek ko Geyeifif & Tolo~obe,

Yowuòl

Be jlgfy}fyegjl ko bew [oglfbfaew ko Jldfyègjl z Gf`lj-gegjl ([JG*" ol eìjol{ow dfyè{jtfw ko okgegjl w}oyjfyiewekfw ol be Qoi" koio gfl{o`}bey l }bel fyaelj~ekf koaow{jl" }eye aeyel{j~ey be we{jwdeggjl ko bfw yowb{ekfw, Ow}fy obbf uo be Kjyoggjl ko [oglfbfae Etel~eke j`}boòl-{ l }yfzog{f ko }yoie }jbf{f }eye ob wf ekogekf ko bew{oglfbfaew ol eìjol{ow okge{jtfw yoebow" gfl be lebjkekko òkjy ob iologjf z ob j`}eg{f ko ow{e `fkebjkek ol low-{ye yoebjkek ljtoywj{eyje" iewlkfwo ol l }bel uo wjajew}og{fw ek`jljw{ye{jtfw dfyèbow uo ebonel ow{e }yf}ow{eko owgoleyjf ko jlkeaegjl o j`}yftjwegjl, Ob }yfzog{f doeifykekf kowko ob }eyekjaè gebj{e{jtf gf`}bonf" gfl lde-wjw ol {gljgew o{lfaygew ko fiwoytegjl o jlwoygjl ol begf`ljkek ow{kjel{jb z kfgol{o ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbf-ae (DEF*, Ob e}fzf kfgòl{eb ijibjfaygf z hoòyfaygfdo gbeto }eye be e}bjgegjl ko le ò{fkfbfae ko koweyyfbbf

}yf}je, ]eye be `fkebjkek ow{kjfw jl{oyeg{jtfw e kjw{elgje" wo}yfgokj jljgjebòl{o gfl be ewjale{ye kob }yjòy ef Webkz Wfgjokek, Ow{o }bel }jbf{f do ow{yg{yekf ko be wjajol{oèloye> Ol{yo Nljf z Kjgjoìyo ko 9==1 wo {jbj~ be }be{edfy-


2/24

1=

è ko e}yolkj~eno jlw{j{gjflebj~eke ko be _ljtoywjkek ko Ge-

yeifif gf`f e}fzf e be }yowolgjebjkek }eye ; woggjflow, Bo-af kowko Oloyf hew{e èzf ko 9==8 wo e}bjg be `fkebjkekko be wo`j}yowolgjebjkek gfl f{yew ; woggjflow, Wo gflgbzouo kow}w ko bfw jlw{yòl{fw e}bjgekfw z bfw yowb{ekfwko ego}{egjl ko }ey{o ko bfw ow{kjel{ow" ob xj{f ko be ewja-le{ye webk z wfgjokek ow e}bjgeibo ol f{yew ewjale{yew kobe DEF" gf`f Ow{ekw{jge z Ele{fè" z ol f{yew ewjale{yewuo woel l ono ol f{yew owgobew z degb{ekow ko be _G" gf`fKoyoghf Yfèlf ko be Degb{ek ko Gjolgjew Nykjgew z ]fb{j-

gew z be ewjale{ye Hjw{fbfae ko be Owgobe ko @okjgjle ko beDegb{ek ko Gjolgjew ko be Webk,

]ebeiyew Gbeto> Ol{fylfw Tjy{ebow ko E}yolkj~eno, ]be{edfy-èw Tjy{ebow ko E}yolkj~eno Bjiyow, Wo`j}yowolgjebjkek" We-bk z Wfgjokek,

E ]JBF[ ]YFNOG[ [F IO J@]BO@OL[OK JL FLBJLOOLTJYFL@OL[W" E[ [HO WGHFFB FD KOL[JW[YZ FD[HO _LJTOYWJ[Z FD GEYEIFIF, GEWO W[_KZ> [HO

W_INOG[ FD HOEB[H ELK WFGJO[Z,

Eiw{yeg{

[ho jlgfy}fye{jfl fd Jldfyè{jfl elk Gf``ljge{jfleb [ogh-lfbfaz (JG[*" jl hjahoy okge{jfl flbjlo oltjyflòl{w" whfbk

jlgfy}fye{o e }yoeyyelaok èleaoyjeb }bel" {f olwyo {ho db-bòl{ fd yowb{w, [he{ jw qhz {ho Ektelgok [oghlfbfaz Ko-}ey{òl{ wo{ } e }jbf{ }yfnog{ dfy {ho e}}yf}yje{o wo fd {ogh-lfbfaz jl eg{eb okge{jfleb wo{{jlaw" {f otebe{o ektel{eaowelk j`}eg{w fd {hjw `fkebj{z jl fy egeko`jg yoebj{z3 elk ie-wok fl e }bel {he{ jlgbkok j{w dfyèb èleaoyjeb ew}og{w" {he{}bb {ho }yf}fweb f{ dyf` {ho jltow{jae{jfl elk gyoe{jtolowwoltjyflòl{w, [ho }yfnog{ qew e}}yfeghok dyf` {ho gf`}boxuebj{e{jto }eyekja`" dfgwjla fl {ho o{hlfaye}hjg fiwoyte{jfl

{oghljuow elk {hojy jlgbwjfl jl {ho w{kol{w elk }yfdowwfywegeko`jg oltjyflòl{w" e{ {ho Wghffb fd Kol{jw{yz (WGK*, Bj-{oye{yo elk bjiyeyz yogfykw qoyo {ho coz {f j`}boòl{ el fl-


3/24


15

afjla }oywfleb ò{hfkfbfaz, Dfy {ho `fkebj{z fd bfla kjw{elgo

jl{oyeg{jto w{kjow" j{ qew ghfwol {ho yw{ zoey winog{ Hoeb{helk Wfgjo{z" w{yg{yok ew dfbbfqok> yw{" {ho _ljtoywj{z fd Ge-yeifif boeyljla }be{dfy` qew j`}boòl{ok dfy ; wowwjfl dego{f dego òo{jlaw" dyf` Nlo {f Kogoìoy 9==13 elk ibolkokòo{jlaw dfy {ho yow{ fd {ho f{hoy ; wowwjflw" dyf` Neleyz {f@ez 9==8, Ko {f {ho w{kol{w }fwj{jto f}jljflw" j{ jw gflgb-kok {he{ wggoww fd {ho winog{ Hoeb{h elk Wfgjo{z gel ioaoloyebj~ok {f f{hoy winog{w e{ WGK" wgh ew W{e{jw{jgw elkEle{f`z, Bjcoqjwo" j{ gel ebwf io qjkow}yoek {f wfò f{hoy

wghffbw elk degb{jow e{ {ho _G" ew {ho winog{ fd Hjw{fbfaz"e{ {ho Wghffb fd @okjgjlo3 elk Yfèl Beq" e{ {ho Degb{z fd]fbj{jgeb Wgjolgow,

Cozqfykw> Flbjlo Boeyljla Oltjyflòl{w, Dyoo Flbjlo Boey-ljla Oltjyflòl{w, Ibolkok Boeyljla, Hoeb{h elk Wfgjo{z,

Jl{yfkggjl

Bew {olkolgjew ko jl{yfkgjy bew [JG ol bfw }yfgowfw ko okge-gjl w}oyjfy dfyèbow ol kjdoyol{ow be{j{kow kob }belo{e heltoljkf {fèlkf eao" {ye~elkf l }elfyeè ho{oyfalof ko}yf}ow{ew kjkg{jgew" dfyèw ko {jbj~egjl" odog{jtjkek z {yew-golkolgje ol be tjke ko bfw }yf{eafljw{ew kob eg{f okge{jtf"}yjlgj}ebòl{o kfgol{ow z ow{kjel{ow, Wjl oìeyaf" ]yekfw

$ Yjtoye (9==8* ektjoy{ol hew{e ehfye bfw iologjfw fi{olj-kfw }fy be {jbj~egjl ko bew [JG hel wjkf }eye lfw }fgfw z ob}elfyeè ol be yoajl (Be{jlfe`yjge* wo olgol{ye `z ho-{oyfalof dyol{o e bew kjdoyol{ow jljgje{jtew z e bfw yowb{ekfwbfayekfw, (}, 97=*, El ew lf fiw{el{o bfw owdoy~fw yoebj~e-kfw" be {olkolgje gf`l `w wfiyowebjol{o ow ob wf el `zbj`j{ekf uo wo hego ko bew {oglfbfaew kjaj{ebow (Deglkf"9==;" }, 1*, Woal ow{o e{fy" oxjw{o l kow}oykjgjf ko bew }f-wjijbjkekow uo fdyogol bew [JG }eye ònfyey be olwoel~e,

Be j`}boòl{egjl ol w `fkebjkek tjy{eb ko be ewjale{yeWebk z Wfgjokek kob }yjòy ef ko be geyyoye ko Fkfl{fbfae"


4/24

19

ow{tf }yogokjke ko le }beljgegjl z onoggjl }ebe{jle ko

gfl{oljkfw" eg{jtjkekow ko e}yolkj~eno z otebegjl ol bloe"z ko le bfaw{jge uo jlgbe be dfyègjl ko : kfgol{ow (9 kobe ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek" 5 ko Ow{ekw{jge z ob yow{f kof{yew ewjale{yew ko be degb{ek ko fkfl{fbfae* z 4? ow{kjel-{ow" z ob egflkjgjfle`jol{f ko be }be{edfyè {oglfbajge kflkogflzoyfl {fkew ow{ew teyjeibow,

Ow }fy obbf uo" e }ey{jy ko Nbjf kob 9==1 wo jljgje be }belj-gegjl ko bf uo woye be }yf}ow{e ko be ewjale{ye Webk z

Wfgjokek ienf be `fkebjkek wo`j}yowolgjeb" kflko ob }yjòyjlw`f }eye be }yo}eyegjl z tebjkegjl ko gfl{oljkfw uo wo{jbj~eyel e }fw{oyjfyj woyel bfw `jw`fw ow{kjel{ow, Ow{f woox}bjge e gfl{jlegjl> be }yoie }jbf{f ko j`}boòl{egjl koow{e ewjale{ye {tf w jljgjf ol Wo}{joìyo ko 9==1 ienf be`fkebjkek ko e}fzf e be }yowolgjebjkek" f {eìjl gflfgjkegf`f `fkebjkek aow{fye ko gfl{oljkfw gfl ; woggjflow gfll {f{eb ko 4? ow{kjel{ow, Ow{e }yjòye o{e}e }oy`j{j gflwf-bjkey be dfyè ko bfw gfl{oljkfw" eke}{lkfbfw e be lote `f-

kebjkek" ze uo ow{fw 4? ow{kjel{ow {jbj~eyfl bfw gfl{oljkfwko bfw ? }yjòyfw {oèw eggokjolkf e be }be{edfyè,

Boaf ol ob òw ko oloyf ko 9==1" gfl bfw gfl{oljkfw }yf-iekfw }fy l ay}f ko ow{kjel{ow" z heijolkf yoebj~ekf bfwenw{ow yow}og{jtfw" wo jljgje be `fkebjkek wo`j}yowolgjeb kobe `jwè ewjale{ye gfl f{yew ; woggjflow, Ow{o ay}f ow{tfkyel{o 58 woèlew ol le jl{oyeggjl kjeyje gfl kfgol{ow"ow{kjel{ow z gfl{oljkfw" e {yetw ko be }be{edfyè jlw{j{gjf-

leb ko be _G (@FFKBO*,

E gfl{jlegjl wo òw{yel ko èloye wgjl{e bew o{e}ew koow{e }yoie }jbf{f ko j`}boòl{egjl ko be Ewjale{ye Webkz Wfgjokek,

Kogbeyegjl ko ]yf}wj{fw fino{jtfw

Be }yowol{o ox}oyjolgje ko jltow{jaegjl {tf gf`f }yf}wj{f

aoloyeb>

Ko`fw{yey be jlolgje ko bew {gljgew iwjgew ko @fkoye-


5/24


6/24

1;

egfaoywo e le yoebjkek }yokogjibo z ow{{jge, Be ox}bjgegjl

kob `lkf ze lf ow bajgf-yegjfleb eb 5==/, Gfl{yeyjf e be gf-wjgegjl ko hfìyo z e be yokggjl o`}yjge z toyjgeibo kobfw eg{fw hèlfw" wyaol be lotew dfyèw ko jltow{jaey ob`lkf ienf }eyekjaèw gfl l e`}bjf owgoleyjf alfwofbaj-gf" uo yogfao bf e}yolkjkf ienf ob oldfuo }fwj{jtjw{e ko begjolgje z be e}oy{ye eb }eyekjaè kjebg{jgf-hèljw{e uo {o-bofbajgeòl{o }oywjao" `w uo ox}bjgey" ox}bfyey" kowgyjijyf ox}bjgey low{ye yoebjkek" iwge w jl{oy}yo{egjl ienf gjoy{fwgfl{ox{fw" ebkjolkf wjo`}yo e be gf`}bonjkek ko `lkf,

Ol {y`jlfw aoloyebow" be bloe ko koweyyfbbf ko ow{o {yeienfko jltow{jaegjl" ow ol be jllftegjl ko be yoebjkek okge{jteeg{eb e {yetw ko be {oglfbfae, Be tjwjl }fwj{jtjw{e {ole legfllf{egjl ko be {oglfbfae gf`f jltow{jaegjl e}bjgekez ienf be }yo`jwe kob `lkf è{oyjeb ko Loq{fl" wo iwgkey yow}ow{e ol dlgjl ko be {yeke ow}egjf" èwe z {jo`-}f, Kowko ow{o }l{f ko tjw{e Loq{fljelf" be yoebjkek koj`}boòl{egjl ko eìjol{ow tjy{ebow ko e}yolkj~eno ow{eye

gf`}bo{eòl{o kowolgeneke koijkf e bew teyjeibow uo ow{ljlòywew ol be okgegjl ko bfw woyow hèlfw e {yetw ko yo-kow ko dfyègjl, Ol be tjy{ebj~egjl ko eìjol{ow ko e}yol-kj~eno lf oxjw{o l ow}egjf (be tjy{ebjkek ow be iewo o{yoeko bew f}oyegjflow o jl{oyeggjflow hèlew*" be èwe ow{yo}yowol{eke }fy ob heykqeyo ol kflko kowgelwel bew jl{oyeg-gjflow z bfw è{oyjebow kjaj{ebj~ekfw ko dfyègjl3 el ew" beijgegjl ko ow{o heykqeyo ow jlkjdoyol{o3 wj ow{ ol Gelek"ol Be ayel Weiele Tolo~fbele" f ol ebal baey kob e{bl{jgf3

ob woytjgjf ow {yelw}eyol{o eb weyjf kowko uo bf jltfge kow-ko w gf`}{ekfy }oywfleb3 z }fy f{yf bekf ob {jo`}f ow ewl-gyflf z abfiebj~ekf3 wlgyflf ol be èzfye ko bew fgewjflow"}oyf ol aoloyeb be yoebjkek okge{jte tjy{ebj~eke wo eke}{e egebujoy hfyeyjf z baey ol ob }belo{e,

Elebj~elkf ow{e odòye yobegjl kjebg{jge }fko`fw y}jke-òl{o jldoyjy uo l eìjol{o tjy{ebj~ekf ko olwoel~e ow{j`}yoalekf ko teyjeibow uo bo eknkjgel eb owgoleyjf l o}-

{o{f ko gf`}bonf, Gf`}bonf lf wbf e ljtob ko jldyeow{yg{-ye" wjlf {eìjl gf`}bonf e ljtob ko ol{olkj`jol{f ko lotewèloyew ko olwoey z e}yolkoy" kowbew{yekew kob `fkobf {ye-


7/24


1?

kjgjfleb kob" }fy l bekf" gf`}flol{o dwjgf> }j~eyyl" }}j{yo"

ebe (; }eyokow* z }fy ob f{yf" ob gf`}flol{o hèlf> }yfdo-wfyow- ow{kjel{ow, Wo {ye{e nw{eòl{o ko dfyèy }ey{o ko lekjl`jge ko eke}{egjl e bfw geìjfw" uo ijlf`jfw gf`f[oglfbfae - Okgegjl wo toel dfy{ebogjkfw ol le kjl`jgeko jllftegjl ol ob kotoljy kob koweyyfbbf ko bew legjflow z kob`lkf abfiebj~ekf,

Bfw ol{fylfw tjy{ebow ko e}yolkj~eno lf wo òtol ol kjyog-gjflow bjloebow, Be ox}oyjolgje ko gf`ljgegjl ol be yok" be

e{fdfyègjl" be e{f-`f{jtegjl" bfw kjwofw jlw{yggjflebowkjl`jgfw" be jl{oayegjl ko jkjfwjlgyewjew" bew kjtoywew dfyèwko e}yf}jeywo ko bfw gfl{oljkfw kob gflfgj`jol{f" bfw ljtobowko e{fwe{jwdeggjl kob jlkjtjkf z bew lotew dlgjflow ko bfwkfgol{ow uo olwoel z ael e {yetw ko be yok" hegol uo bfwol{fylfw tjy{ebow woel {fkf òlfw bjloebow" hegjlkfbfw `wijol wjw{oèw ol gflw{el{o eke}{egjl e bew wj{egjflow uooldyol{e, Djbfwgeòl{o ob eifykeno ko ow{e yoebjkek wo heyiewekf ol ob }olwe`jol{f gf`}bonf (Gf`}bonjkek*, Ob ow{kjf

kob hoghf kowko le }oyw}og{jte gf`}boòl{eyje dolfòlf-bajge" ko jl{oyeggjl gflw{el{o gfl bfw eg{fyow z w èloyeko }oygjijy z eg{ey ol be gfw`ftjwjl {oglfbajge-okge{jte"ow ko{oy`jlel{o }eye lf wowaey bfw yowb{ekfw kob dolòlf,

Kowgyj}gjl ko be ox}oyjolgje

]yjòye O{e}e, ]yf{fgfbj~egjl kob }yfgowf,

Ol{yo ob òw ko Nbjf z Eafw{f ko 9==1 wo yoebj~eyfl bfw }e-wfw kob }yf{fgfbf }eye be j`}boòl{egjl ko be Ewjale{ye, BeDegb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae" ol wowjl ko Gflwonf ko Degb{ek zgfl ob e}fzf ko yoljflow gfl bew e{fyjkekow ko be Degb{ek"kowko ob Kogelf hew{e bfw kjyog{fyow ko ko}ey{eòl{f" gyy-gbf z ek`jljw{yegjl ko yo`j{o e be Kjyoggjl ko [oglfbfaeEtel~eke bfw ke{fw ko be ewjale{ye z ob gfl{oljkf wjl}{jgfko bfw {oèw" ew gf`f ob dfyè{f K[E-9==1-5 gf`}bo{ekf gfl

bfw ke{fw ebb wfbjgj{ekfw,

Ow{ew yoljflow ko bew e{fyjkekow ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{f-


8/24

14

bfae wo koweyyfbbel eb wfgejyo kob ekolk` ko l olwezf uo

gfldfyè ob jldfyò wfiyo be Okgegjl W}oyjfy ol E`yjgeBe{jle z ob Geyjio (9==4" }, 559* kob Jlw{j{{f Jl{oylegjfleb koOkgegjl W}oyjfy ol E`yjge Be{jle z ob Geyjio " fyaeljw`fe{lf`f ekwgyj{f e be _LOWGF" kflko olgjflel be kjl`j-ge ol Tolo~obe èygeke }fy be gyoegjl ko l wog{fy }ibjgf{oygjeyjf uo obj`jle yow{yjggjflow }eye ob jlayowf z be gyoe-gjl ko l @jljw{oyjf ko Okgegjl W}oyjfy fyjol{ekf e jlw-{yòl{ey }fb{jgew ko jlgyoòl{f ko oujkek ol ob eggowf

Hez uo }yf`ftoy be oujkek z ob eggowf e be okgegjl w}o-yjfy ko be }fibegjl nftol ol Tolo~obe, Bew [JG gfyyow}flkolgfl ow{o boaekf" gfl be }fwjijbjkek ko jlw{yòl{ey lotew }f-wjijbjkekow" kjw`jbow ko be }yowolgjebjkek" }oyf {el f w odog-{jtew uo w{ew" uo hegol uo ob hoghf okge{jtf wo {yelw-dfyò z wo eke}{o be kjl`jge `lkjeb z bfgeb uo wjo`}yoow{eyl ol{yobe~ekew ol ow{fw {jo`}fw ko e}oy{ye z eggowfe be jldfyègjl, Eb yow}og{f ]yekfw z Yjtoye (9==8* ebkol bfwjajol{o>

Ko egoykf gfl @gBhel" ob òkjf jl{yfkgo le lote owge-be ol bfw ewl{fw, Ow{f ow" ob òkjf {oglfbajgf lf ow wbf lgeleb }eye gf`ljgey olwenow" }eye {yelw`j{jy ob gflfgj`jol-{f" wjlf l eaol{o uo te e gflayey be okgegjl w}oyjfy"ww }yjfyjkekow" ww gyj{oyjfw ko kogjwjl" w lebjkek, (}, 9=9*

Ob egoykf ko bew e{fyjkekow ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfaej`}bjgeie be ego}{egjl ko èloye ox}oyjòl{eb ko ow{e }yf-}ow{e ko geìjfw" z ow }fy obbf uo wo e}yoie ob jljgjf ko be

}yoie }jbf{f ko tjy{ebj~egjl ko be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjo-kek, E gfl{jlegjl wo ow{ye }ey{o kob gfl{oljkf kob dfyè{fK[E-9==1-5 yo`j{jkf }fy be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae e be K[E,

Jldfyègjl w`jljw{yeke }fy degb{ek

Dfyè{f L 5 (K[E-9==1-5*

Ewjale{ye e kjwoey }eye be `fkebjkek ko ow{kjfw jl{oyeg{j-

tfw e kjw{elgje> Webk z Wfgjokek,

[j}f ko ewjale{ye> ]yg{jge @fkbey, (9 `kbfw*


9/24


11

@fkebjkek> Wo`j}yowolgjeb, ]yg{jgew ko Ebe, ]yg{jgew ko

Gf`ljkekow, Gkjaf ko be ewjale{ye> WZW(J*,

L ko hfyew> 9 }fy woèle,

[j}f ko yajòl> ElebVV Woòw{yebVV F{yf (jlkjuo*> @fk-bey (58 woèlew*,

_ljkek Egek`jge f G{okye> Ko}ey{eòl{f ko Webk Fkfl-{fbajge Gf`lj{eyje,

Kjyog{fy f gffykjlekfy ko be _ljkek f G{okye> ]yfd, Jtjw [j-yekf,

]yfdowfy yow}flweibo ko j`}boòl{ey be ewjale{ye ol bloe>]yfd, W{obbe Tjbbe`j~ey,

]yfdowfyow uo kjg{el be ewjale{ye woboggjfleke> ]yfd, @eyeHoyllko~" ]yfd, Eiob Eiyo z ]yfd, W{obbe Tjbbe`j~ey,

Iogeyjfw Egek`jgfw ko be Degb{ek&_ljkek f G{okye> Lf{jolol,

]yo}eyekfyow ko be Degb{ek&_ljkek f G{okye> Lf {jolol,

]yfgowf ko woboggjl o jlwgyj}gjl ko bfw ow{kjel{ow> ]yo-

ie Jl{oyle z GL_, Gewfw ow}ogjebow> Gfltoljfw" {ebol{fw ege-k`jgfw" ko}fy{jtfw z gb{yebow, Be è{oyje ow fibjae{fyje,

Youoyj`jol{fw>

-]yfayeè eleb{jgf ko be ewjale{ye> Ol{yoaekf e be K[E-]yfzoggjl ko Ef Egek`jgf 9==1-9==8> Ol{yoaekf e beK[E,

-L ko woggjflow> ;-L ko ow{kjel{ow }fy woggjl> 54 }fy woggjl e}yfxjèke-òl{o,


10/24

18

Hfyeyjf }fy woggjl>

- Woggjl 5> Blow ko 1>==e` e :>==e`- Woggjl 9> @ey{ow ko 1>==e` e :>==e`- Woggjl 7> Notow ko 1>==e` e :>==e`- Woggjl ;> Tjoylow ko 1>==e` e :>==e`- Woggjl ?> Tjoylow ko :>==e` e 55>==e`

Beifye{fyjfw ko Gf`}{egjl f Gzioy Gedw

ko be degb{ek>

- 5 Gzioy _G wjl gfloxjl,- Webe ko Jl{oylo{ Ijibjf{oge GW ko be Tjke,

]oyjdoyje kol{yf kob ge`}f ljtoywj{eyjf>

- Gzioy _G Oldoyòye"- Gzioy _G DEGOW"- Gzioy _G DEGO,

Ow{yg{ye ko be Kjyoggjl [JG ko be Degb{ek (Kjyog{fy"

E}fzf [gljgf" E}fzf Egek`jgf" Kjwoekfy Aygf z

Wogyo{eyje*>

- Kogelf ko be Degb{ek> ]yfd, _bjwow Yfnew- Kjyog{fye [JG, ]yfd, Jweiob ê`kjf- Gffykjlekfye Gyyjgbey> ]yfd, @eye Obole @eghekf,- Gffykjlekfye Egek`jge kob K}{f,> ]yfd, W{obbe Tjbbe`j~ey,

Gf`jwjl ko Olbego z E}fzf (ay}f ko {yeienf }eye be

jlgfy}fyegjl ko le ewjale{ye ol bloe*> (Kjyog{fy [JG"

Kjyog{fy ko be Gf`jwjl Gyyjgbey" Kjyog{fy Egek`jgf&

Kjyog{fy ko G{okye f K}{f," ]yfdowfy yow}flweibo ko be

ewjale{ye" Yo}yowol{el{o(w* ko be K[E,

- Kjyog{fye [JG ko be Degb{ek> ]yfd, Jweiob ê`kjf,- Gffykjlekfye Gyyjgbey> ]yfd, @eye Obole @eghekf

- ]yfdowfye ko be è{oyje ko be }yoie }jbf{f> ]yfd, W{obbe Tjbbe-`j~ey,- E}fzf Egek`jgf> ]yfd, Geyòl Djaoyokf,


11/24


1:

- Gffykjlekfy K[E> Jla, Fwgey Ktjbe,

Ay}f e dfyèy (]yfdowfyow ko be ewjale{ye" Iogeyjfw

Egek`jgfw z ]yo}eyekfyow*, Jlgbjy kol{yf ko bfw ke{fw

ko bfw `joìyfw ko be ow{yg{ye [JG" be Gf`jwjl ko Olbe-go z E}fzf z ob Ay}f e dfyèy>

- ]yfd, W{obbe Tjbbe`j~ey,- 9 Exjbjeyow kfgol{ow gfl{ye{ekfw,

Lfìyo gf`}bo{f" lòyf {obodljgf" kjyoggjl obog{y-ljge" kjw}fljijbjkek hfyeyje }eye yoljflow }oyjkjgew zgflwog{jtew gfl ob yow{f ko bfw `joìyfw ko be gf`jwjl"

gfl{oljolkf bfw iogeyjfw z }yo}eyekfyow

Ow{e b{jè }ey{o gflw{j{zo be Gf`jwjl ko Olbego }eye obkoweyyfbbf ko be Ewjale{ye z Wfgjokek,

Woalke O{e}e, Gyoegjl ko gol{ew ko weyjf e bfw ow-{ukjel{ow,

]eye Wo}{joìyo ko 9==1 wo gyoel bew gol{ew ko eggowf e


12/24

8=

be }be{edfyè e bfw ow{kjel{ow kob }yjòy ef" wwgyj{fw e bew

woggjflow ko be ]yfd, W{obbe Tjbbe`j~ey, ([f{eb ko gol{ew gyoe-kew> 59: jlgbzolkf gfyyof _G-Gfbeifyegjl ]oywfleb YO-K_G*, Ow{ew gol{ew gfl ww yow}og{jtew gfl{yewoew doyflw`jljw{yekew e geke ow{kjel{o ko èloye }oywfleb>

[f{eb ol{yoaekew eb }yjòy ay}f> 4? ; woggjflow(Nbjf Kjgjoìyo 9==1*

[f{eb ol{yoaekew eb Woalkf Ay}f> 4; ; woggjflow

(Oloyf @ezf 9==8*

Wo yowfbtjoyfl bfw }yfiboèw ko eggowf ko ebalfw weyjfwz wo gyoeyfl ebalew gol{ew ekjgjflebow }fy `f{jtfw ko ge`-ijfw ko woggjl, Ow j`}fy{el{o yoweb{ey uo bfw }yjòyfw ow{-kjel{ow kob }yjòy ay}f (Nbjf Kjgjoìyo 9==1* lf yogjijoyfldfyègjl }eye ob eggowf ko be }be{edfyè, Wbf yogjijoyfl legheybe jl{yfkg{fyje ol gbewo ko`fw{yelkf be èloye ko ol{yeyz `jyey z&f kowgeyaey bfw gfl{oljkfw,

[oygoye O{e}e, Koweyyfbbf ko Gfl{oljkfw }eye ob ]yjòy

@kbf,

Gfbb (9==?* }yf}flo l {yjlabf jl{oyeg{jtf f kjkg{jgf kfl-ko ww eyjw{ew bf gf`}flol }fy l bekf bfw gfl{oljkfw3 }fy obf{yf labf kob {yjlabf be eg{jtjkek okge{jte jlw{yggjfleb kobkfgol{o3 z lebòl{o bew eg{jtjkekow ko e}yolkj~eno ko bfw ow-

{kjel{ow3 }oyf hego l ow}ogjeb ldewjw ol bew yobegjflow uowo ow{eibogol ol{yo ow{fw oboòl{fw, (}, 1* Ow{o owuoè {jo-lo le }f{olgjebjkek jl{ylwoge ko woy eifykekf gfl le eb{ejl{oyeggjl" ol{yo ow{kjel{ow z gfl{oljkfw" ol{yo kfgol{ow zow{kjel{ow" z ol{yo ow{kjel{ow, Ko ebb be j`}fy{elgje ko begyoegjl ko gfl{oljkfw eb{eòl{o jl{oyeg{jtfw uo }yfòtelob }olwe`jol{f gy{jgf z gyoe{jtf eb `fòl{f ko be e}yf}jegjlko l è{oyjeb ko ow{kjf,

E }ey{jy ko Eafw{f ko 9==1 wo jljgje be }beljgegjl }eye ob ko-weyyfbbf ko bfw gfl{oljkfw ko be Ewjale{ye, Kowko ow{o òw zhew{e ob òw ko Lftjoìyo wo onog{el bfw ? }yjòyfw {oèw


13/24


85

bfw gebow doyfl gfbfgekfw e be kjw}fwjgjl ko bfw ow{kjel{ow

e {yetw kob ol{fylf tjy{eb ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae, Koow{e èloye" gf`f ze wo òlgjfl" wo ow{eie {jbj~elkf be}be{edfyè gf`f aow{fye ko gfl{oljkfw, ]eye be gyoegjl kobfw gfl{oljkfw ko bfw ? }yjòyfw {oèw wo {jbj~eyfl ob dfyè{fkjw}ow{f }fy be K[E }eye {eb l" uo }oy`j{joyfl koljy }fy{oè u è{oyjebow okge{jtfw oye logoweyjf gyoey ol w dfy-è{f kjaj{eb }eye gfbfgey e be kjw}fljijbjkek ko bfw ow{kjel{ow,Ol ow{o wol{jkf" wo {jbj~ jljgjebòl{o ob dfyè{f ko jltol{eyjfko è{oyjebow }fy {oè, Eu wo òw{ye ob {oè 5>

]fw{oyjfyòl{o ow{fw gfl{oljkfw doyfl e}yfiekfw }fy bfw`joìyfw ko be gf`jwjl ko Olbego e {yetw ko ow{o dfyè{f>


14/24

89

]eye ow{o }oyfkf wo yoebj~e le }yowol{egjl }fy }ey{o ko beK[E e bew e{fyjkekow ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae wfiyo ob}yfgowf yoebj~ekf hew{e Lftjoìyo ko 9==1, Kjghe yoljl woyoebj~ ol bew jlw{ebegjflow ko be Ijibjf{oge ko GW ko be Tjke"ol ob webl ko wfw `b{j}bow, Ob Kogelf ko be Degb{ek koFkfl{fbfae _bjwow Yfnew" nl{f gfl bfw ko`w ewjw{ol{ow e beyoljl" e{fyj~e z }yfòto be onoggjl wo`j}yowolgjeb kobe ewjale{ye }eye ob woalkf `kbf ko be ewjale{ye uo wojljgjeye ol Oloyf ko 9==8,

Tjkofw }yfkgjkfw,

Ol{yo bfw e{oyjebow ko ow{kjf }eye bfw ow{kjel{ow wo olgol-{ye le woyjo ko tjkofw z tjkof{{fyjebow uo doyfl }yo}eyekfw}eye fyjol{ey be ewjale{ye ko èloye kjl`jge" eljèke z tj-tolgjeb" }eye uo wo e{olkjoyel f{yfw ow{jbfw ko e}yolkj~eno zlf wo bj`j{eye be ol{yoae ko gfl{oljkfw wbf e be bog{ye" z gf`-

ijleybfw nl{f e bew }yowol{egjflow, E gfl{jlegjl wo òlgjf-lel bfw tjkofw uo wo aoloyeyfl ol be K[E }eye be ewjale{yeWebk z Wfgjokek>

Tjkofw>

- Tjkof Jl{yfkg{fyjf ko be ]yfdowfye W{obbe Tjbbe`j~ey, Ijolto-ljke e bfw ow{kjel{ow e be ewjale{ye,- Tjkofw ko bew {gljgew okge{jtew, ([oè 5* [fèw yoebj~e-

kew e bfw ow{kjel{ow ol }bole gbewo (}oyjfkf nbjf-,kjgjoìyo9==1*- Tjkof ]ebeiyew ko @f{jtegjl kob ]yfd, _bjwow Yfnew" Kogelfko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae- Tjkof ko gjoyyo, ]yfd, W{obbe eljè e bfw }ey{jgj}el{ow e goyyeygfl le iole yooxjl,

Tjkof{{fyjebow>

- Tjkof{{fyjeb ko be {gljge okge{jte ]hjbbj}w 44 ([oè 5*- Tjkof{{fyjeb ko Ay}fw Wfgjebow ([oè 9*- Tjkof{{fyjeb Gb{ye ([oè ?*


15/24


87

- Tjkof{{fyjeb ko Ow{kjf Jl{oayeb ko Gf`ljkekow

([oè 4 z 1*- Tjkof{{fyjeb Ae ko Fiwoytegjl ([oè 8*

Ow{fw tjkofw ow{l kjw}fljibow ol be kjyoggjl>h{{}>&&qqq,zf{io,gf`&woy&fwgeyk{e

Guey{e O{e}e, Koweyyfbbf ko ow{ye{oajew ko e}yolkj~eno zotebegjl }eye be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek ol w `f-

kebjkek wo`j}yowolgjeb,

Ol ow{e o{e}e wo gflgoy{e ol{yo ob ouj}f ko E}fzf ko be K[Ez be Gf`jwjl ko Olbego ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae" uo bfw55 {oèw ko be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek woyl onog{ekfwgfl eg{jtjkekow ko e}yolkj~eno z otebegjl gfl{jle ol bloe"z bfw oxòlow }eygjebow ko geke be}wf woyl }yowolgjebow olbe `jwè Degb{ek, Ko ow{e èloye wo ellgje be ewjale{yeienf be `fkebjkek ol bloe gfl oxòlow }eygjebow }yowolgje-

bow,

Ow{f j`}bjge be gyoegjl ko bew eg{jtjkekow ko e}yolkj~eno ko{j}f jlkjtjkeb z gfbeifye{jtew ol bloe ko bfw 55 {oèw ko beewjale{ye, Ew wo kjwoeyfl 55 {oèw gfl ow{ye{oajew ko }oy-b jlkjtjkeb" egf`}eekew ko ow{ye{oajew gfbeifye{jtew gf`fbfw dfyfw ko kjwgwjl" bfw QJCJW z {yeienfw ko ge`}fw" gflww yow}og{jtew ow{ye{oajew ko otebegjl, E geke otebegjlwo bo kjf l }fygol{eno uo wèiel ob 1=/ ko geke be}wf, Ob

f{yf 7=/ yow{el{o gfyyow}flkj eb oxeòl }eygjeb }yowolgjeb,

]eye be gyoegjl ko ow{ew eg{jtjkekow ko e}yolkj~eno z ote-begjl" kowko ob }l{f ko tjw{e ko be {oglfbfae" Ke~ Ieyyjae(9==?* hego le gy{jge e bew ox}oyjolgjew okge{jtew ol bloe"kflko bew [JG ow{l eb woytjgjf ogjol{o ko `fkobfw ko ol-woel~e {yelw`jwjtf-yogo}{jtfw gol{yekfw ol ob e}yolkj~enokogbeye{jtf ko gfl{oljkfw ow{{jgfw (], 9*,

]eye w}oyey bfw `fkobfw {yelw`jwjibo-yogo}{fyow ko gfl{olj-kfw hoyokekfw z ow{{jgfw" wo youjoyo gyoey le gb{ye uodfòl{o ob geìjf ko bew òkjegjflow }okeaajgew, Ow{f ow


16/24

8;

}yf`ftoy ob e}yolkj~eno eg{jtf o jl{oyeg{jtf }eye }fkoy e}yf-

toghey be aeè ko }fwjijbjkekow uo fdyogol bew {oglfbfaewkjaj{ebow (Deglkf" 9==4" ], 57*,

Ob kowo`}of z ob koweyyfbbf jl{oyeg{jtf ko be eg{jtjkekhèle ko l ETE" bf yjaol ob geìjf z be jlgoy{jkìyo" he-gjolkf uo be j`}yokogjijbjkek }yotebo~ge ol be kjyoggjl uo{fèyl bew }yf}ow{ew ko lotfw `fkobfw okge{jtfw" ewgf`f {eìjl bew yodfyèw gyyjgbeyow uo ko èloye kjl-`jge ow{l wjo`}yo eke}{lkfwo z `{elkf,

Wj be yoebjkek ko low{yf lkf ow gf`}bone" ol{flgow bfw }yf-gowfw okge{jtfw ow{l }yogjweòl{o ol owe ge{oafye, Ow }fyobbf uo ob kfgol{o koio e}fzeywo ko bfw yogywfw uo ow{le w ebgelgo" }yf}jfw ko geke }fge" gf`f }fy ono`}bf ol beeg{ebjkek ob wf ko be Jl{oylo{ z ko }be{edfyèw ko e}yolkj~enof ebew tjy{ebow ol bloe" }eye keybo gfl{jljkek eb }yfgowfko e}yolkj~eno `w ebb ko bfw ow}egjfw }yowolgjebow" z `webb kob {jo`}f z ob baey uo wo kokjgel e w{fw" z woy ol

{fkf `fòl{f le dol{o boa{jè ko ezke }eye ob ow{kjel{ouo koweyyfbbe l }yfgowf ko gf`}yolwjl ko low{yf `l-kf, Ol{flgow U }yfòto uo bfw kfgol{ow ljtoywj{eyjfwko{oy`jlol ol le wfbe tjwjl (ko{oy`jljw`f* ob hoghf okge-{jtf kob ke e ke6 @fyjl (9==?* keye le yow}ow{e gf`f bewjajol{o> Bfw `fkfw wj`}bjgekfyow kob gflfgj`jol{f `{j-bel }yfkgjolkf `w goaoye uo obgjkegjl, (}a, 95*,

Ienf le yoebjkek okge{jte lf ko{oy`jljw{e" wo }yo{olko uo

ob wf ko {ebow yogywfw ol l kjwof gyyjgbey jllftekfy woeoxjibo" eieyuo teyjew }fwjijbjkekow ko owgoleyjfw jl{obog{e-bow3 {olae }below eb{oyle{jtfw" }yftoel eke}{egjflow z dfyèwko aeyel{j~ey uo ob ow{kjel{o wo wjol{e jkol{jgekf gfl w}yfgowf gfalj{jtf ko e}yf}jegjl ko lotfw gflfgj`jol{fw,

]eye ob kjwof ko bfw 55 {oèw wo {jbj~ ob dfyè{f wjajol-{o" kelkf be }fwjijbjkek ko uo ob ow{kjel{o wo kowoltobteol owgoleyjfw ho{oyfalofw gfl yobegjl e bew eg{jtjkekow ko

e}yolkj~eno z otebegjl uo koio onog{ey kyel{o be onog-gjl ko bfw {oèw ko be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek, Eu woòw{ye wbf ob {oè 5,


17/24


8?

Ujl{e O{e}e, Dfyègjl ko bfw ow{kjel{ow z }yfdowfyow,

Dfyègjl ko ow{kjel{ow,

Bfw ow{kjel{ow uo }ey{jgj}eyfl ko be `fkebjkek wo`j}yowol-

gjeb ko be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek" yogjijoyfl" eb jljgjf kob`kbf" le jlkggjl ko ; hfyew uo gf`}yolke>

Kjl`jge ko }yowol{egjl ]yowol{egjl ko be `fkebjkek wo`j}yowolgjeb Tjwebj~egjl kob tjkof jl{yfkg{fyjf ko @FFKBO }eye ow{-kjel{ow, ]yowol{egjl kob Ouj}f ko E}fzf (Gf`jwjl ko olbego" ege-k`jgf z {gljgf*

Hfyeyjf kob Beifye{fyjf ko Gf`}{egjl ko w degb{ek z kobfw Gzioy _G kjw}ow{fw ol be _ljtoywjkek z ol be }oyjdoyje kobGe`}w, Gf`}yf`jwf ko ow{kjf }fy }ey{o kob ow{kjel{o ko ow{e `f-kebjkek, ]yowol{egjl kob Ol{fylf ko [yeienf Tjy{eb, Eggowf eb ol{fylf tjy{eb Bbolekf ob }oyb @jyey z kowgeyaey è{oyjebow

]ey{jgj}egjl ol dfyfw ko kjwgwjl Wijy {eyoew @jyey gebjgegjflow z gf`ljgeywo gfl ob kfgol{o


18/24

84

Gyflfayeè ko be ewjale{ye

Ow{e dfyègjl wo hj~f ol ge{yf olgol{yfw> 5 }fy woggjl" zob baey do be webe ko {obo`{jge ko be Ijibjf{oge ko GW ko beTjke ko be Degb{ek ko Gjolgjew ko be Webk, E geke }ey{jgj}el-{o wo bo ol{yoa le {eyno{e gfl be kjyoggjl kob ol{fylf ko beDegb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae" w lfìyo ko weyjf" gfl{yewoe zgfyyof obog{yljgf _G,

Ekjgjflebòl{o" wo bo ol{yoa e geke ow{kjel{o l GK gfl bfwgfl{oljkfw ko be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek kowko ob }yjòy{oè hew{e ob b{j`f" gfl be lebjkek ko gfl{o`}bey gewfw }ey-{jgbeyow gf`f debbew ol be gfloxjl ljtoywj{eyje e be Yok Jl{oy-lo{ z ow{kjel{ow uo gol{el gfl ]G }oyf lf {jolol gfloxjl,

Dfyègjl ko }yfdowfyow,

Kjo~ efw kow}w ko be Gfldoyolgje @lkjeb ko OkgegjlW}oyjfy ko be _LOWGF goboiyeke ol ]eyw" ol be GfldoyolgjeYoajfleb onog{eke ol Gey{eaole ko Jlkjew" Gfbfìje (9==8*"wo eel~e be e}ow{e ol be {jbj~egjl ko bew [JG e {yetw ko}yfgowfw ko tjy{ebj~egjl okge{jtfw, Ol ob e}ey{ekf Gfioy{-

ye z @fkobfw Okge{jtfw o jlw{j{gjflebow ko ow{e kogbeyegjl"wo òlgjfle ol ob }l{f ? be {yelwdfyègjl ko bfw `fkobfwokge{jtfw e {yetw ko be dfyègjl ko l èzfy lòyf ko


19/24


81

}yfdowfyow ge}egow ko {jbj~ey ob gflnl{f ko bew `fkebjkekow

kjkg{jgew }yowolgjebow f tjy{ebow, Ow{e }yf}ow{e {jolo walowjw ol le eòle~e }f{olgjeb olgjfleke ol ow{e jwèkogbeyegjl" e{yjijke e bfw ienfw ljtobow ko kowo`}of" ob yo-~eaf z ob dyegewf ow{kjel{jb ol be okgegjl w}oyjfy, (GYOW-_LOWGF" 9==8*,

Iewlkflfw ol ow{o }yogo}{f" bfw }yfdowfyow ko be Degb{ek koFkfl{fbfae doyfl dfyèkfw ol bfw wjajol{ow gywfw> Wolwjijbj~egjl hegje be `fkebjkek e kjw{elgje ieweke ol be

Qoi (9 hfyew* 9 woggjflow }eye wey be hoyye`jol{e uo wjyto ko }be{edfyètjy{eb ko e}yolkj~eno (@FFKBO* (7 hfyew geke olgol{yf* Dfyègjl ko @FFKBO ek`jljw{ye{jtf f ko aow{jl (G`fgebjgey" gf`f gfyyoajy {eyoew" gf`f hegoy woaj`jol{f* Dfyègjl ol [gljgew Iwjgew ko @fkoyegjl (;8 hfyew*,Wo`j}yowolgjeb (74 hfyew ol bloe z 59 hfyew }yowolgjebow*,

Wox{e O{e}e, Onoggjl ol bloe ko be ewjale{ye

Ob jljgjf ko be ewjale{ye ol bloe {tf baey kow}w ko be dfy-ègjl ko bfw ow{kjel{ow, Be doghe oxeg{e do ob jygfbow =4ko doiyoyf ko 9==8, Wo jljgje ob }yjòy {oè ko bew [gljgewOkge{jtew gfl le kyegjl ko 9 woèlew }eye `jyey bfwè{oyjebow ko ow{kjf uo jlgbe bog{yew z tjkofw" o jljgjeyle kjwgwjl ajeke e {yetw ko dfyfw ko kjwgwjl, Ob gyf-lfayeè ko onoggjl ko geke {oè wo g`}bj ow{yjg{eòl{o

gf`f ow{eie }beljgekf,

W}{jè O{e}e, Gjoyyo ko be ewjale{uye

Ob ke 95 ko èzf ko 9==8 wo hj~f be }yowol{egjl kob oxeòl}eygjeb kob woalkf be}wf ol be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae, Ob kedo }yf}jgjf }eye uo bfw ow{kjel{ow bboleyel l jlw{yòl{fkflko {olel uo tebfyey ebalfw ew}og{fw wjaljge{jtfw kob

}yfgowf ko tjy{ebj~egjl ko be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek,Eb `jw`f {jo`}f wo e}yftogh be fgewjl }eye yoebj~ey ol{yo-tjw{ew e bfw ow{kjel{ow bew gebow doyfl ayeiekew, [eìjl


20/24

88

oxjw{o l tjkof {ow{j`fljeb ko bfw ow{kjel{ow uo }ey{jgj}e-

yfl ol ob }yjòy `kbf (ko nbf e Kjgjoìyo ko 9==1* ob gebòw{ye be f}jljl ko ebalfw ow{kjel{ow gfl yobegjl e {jbj-~ey be }be{edfyè tjy{eb ko e}yolkj~eno ol be degb{ek ko Fkfl-{fbfae gf`f e}fzf e be }yowolgjebjkek ko be ewjale{ye Webkz Wfgjokek, Bfw {ow{j`fljfw ko bfw }yfdowfyow z ow{kjel{owwfl ko `ghe tebe }eye be ònfye kob }yfgowf, Ew gf`f bfwjlw{yòl{fw e}bjgekfw e bfw ow{kjel{ow kob woalkf `kbf,(]fibegjl> ow{kjel{ow kob }yjòy ef ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl-{fbfae, @ow{ye> ?5 ow{kjel{ow*,

Gflgbwjflow

5, Be onoggjl ko ow{e }yoie }jbf{f ko tjy{ebj~egjl ko beewjale{ye kob }yjòy ef Webk z Wfgjokek" ol ww kfw `f-kebjkekow f `fòl{fw (E}fzf e be }yowolgjebjkek Nbjf-Kj-gjoìyo 9==1 z wo`}yowolgjebjkek Oloyf-@ezf 9==8* }oy`j{jgflfgoy be kjw}fwjgjl ko e{fyjkekow" kfgol{ow z ow{kjel{owko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae }eye ow{o {j}f ko `fkebjkek e

kjw{elgje ieweke ol be Qoi,

9, Bfw iologjfw ko be fkebjkek e kjw{elgje ieweke ol be Qoidoyfl wol{jkfw }fy bf ow{kjel{ow" bfw gebow òlgjfleyfl" lfwbf ol bfw jlw{yòl{fw ko yogfboggjl ko ke{fw wjlf ol bfwtjkof-{ow{j`fljebow, _l ay}f ko ow{kjel{ow {tf }fy l bekf"le wolwegjl ko jlwoayjkek ol ob eggowf e be }be{edfyè koe}yolkj~eno" z }fy ob f{yf gjoy{f owgo}{jgjw`f dyol{o e be `fke-bjkek e kjw{elgje ieweke ol be Qoi ol le ewjale{ye kob yoe

ko webk, Ow{fw wol{j`jol{fw doyfl gelebj~ekfw eb jljgjf ko bfwkfw `fòl{fw ko be }yoie }jbf{f gfl be jlkggjl jljgjeb eyyj-ie òlgjfleke keke e bfw ow{kjel{ow" uo jlgbe oboòl{fw`f{jtekfyow3 z gfl ob e}fzf ol bloe ko be kfgol{o bkoy kob}yfgowf e {yetw ko {gljgew ko `fkoyegjl hèlj~ekfyew}eye be jl{oyeggjl ol bloe gfl bfw è{oyjebow ko ow{kjf" gflww }eyow" z gfl ob yow{f ko bfw kfgol{ow, El gfl be odfyjegfl uo he wwgj{ekf be dfyègjl ol bloe nl{f e gfl{oljkfw`b{jòkje jllftekfyow z hoyye`jol{ew etel~ekew gf`f bew

}be{edfyèw tjy{ebow ko e}yolkj~eno" lf ow }fwjibo fgb{ey leìjol{o ko jlgyokbjkek z owgo}{jgjw`f dyol{o e ow{e `fke-bjkek, Lf }oko fgb{eywo gjoy{e wolwegjl ko kogo}gjl


21/24


8:

gelkf elebj~e`fw ob ljtob ko we{jwdeggjl ko bfw weyjfw z

bfw yowb{ekfw fi{oljkfw ol jljgje{jtew dfyè{jtew ko dfyègjlflbjlo (Wofelo z Aeyge ]oebtf" 9==1*, Wjl oìeyaf gf`fze wo òlgjfl" ob owgo}{jgjw`f bfay w}oyeywo ol ow{e }yo-ie }jbf{f,

7, Bew [gljgew ko fkoyegjl e}yolkjkew }fy be kfgol{o bkoy}eweyfl }fy kfw `fòl{fw,

e, Ol ob }yjòy `fòl{f Nbjf-Kjgjoìyo 9==1 be }yfdowfye

}ey{jgj} ko l gywf ko dfyègjl ol bloe fdyogjkf }fy be K[Ee l ay}f ko }yfdowfyow ujolow koiel e}yolkoy ob ey{o ko`fkoyey, Be kyegjl ko ow{o gywf do ko ;8 hfyew,

i, Ol ob woalkf fòl{f Oloyf-@ezf 9==8 be }yfdowfye bkoyonog{ bew {gljgew ko `fkoyegjl e}yolkjkew }eye hèlj-~ey ob eìjol{o tjy{eb ol ob geb bfw ow{kjel{ow wo ow{eiele}yf}jelkf ko bfw gfl{oljkfw ko be ewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjo-kek, Ow{o }yfgowf do e}fzekf }fy le }yfdowfye exjbjey" z ob

e}fzf ow}ogjebj~ekf ol `fkoyegjl z {gljgf ko be K[E,

;, Iewey be ox}oyjolgje ol be {ofye ko be gf`}bonjkek }oy`j{oew`jy bfw eìjol{ow tjy{ebow ko e}yolkj~eno z bfw e}yolkj-~enow e kjw{elgje iewekfw ol be Qoi gf`f j`}yokogjibow olw kotoljy, Bew jl{oyeggjflow ol bloe {jolol be geyeg{oyw{jgeko lf ow{ey wno{ew e l `fbko ko }yokjggjl }eye uo ol owowol{jkf wo }oke eg{ey gf`f kfgol{ow, Ol {fkf gewf" be eg-gjl kfgol{o z bew ow{ye{oajew ko ae wfl enw{ekew woal

bfw owgoleyjfw }bel{oekfw, Ob {oè 5 ko be ewjale{ye webk zwfgjokek ol w woalkf `fòl{f ko onoggjl (oloyf-èzf9==8* {tf l eb{f ljtob ko jl{oyeggjl" gflgoy{elkf ol l dfyfko kjwgwjl hew{e 71= òlwenow ol 9 woèlew ko 4? ow{-kjel{ow,

?, _l oboòl{f ko{oy`jlel{o kob xj{f kob }yfgowf do be hè-lj~egjl uo wo wwgj{f ol ob eìjol{o tjy{eb ko jl{oyeggjl"gze iewo doyfl bew {gljgew ko `fkoyegjl z woaj`jol{f (f

egf`}ee`jol{f ol bloe* onog{ekew }fy be }yfdowfye W{obbeTjbbe`j~ey,


22/24

:=

Yodoyol{ow Ijibjfaygfw

GFBB" GOWEY (9==?* ]wjgfbfae ko be Okgegjl z }yg{jgewokge{jtew òkjekew }fy bew {oglfbfaew ko be jldfyègjl z begf`ljgegjl> _le `jyeke gflw{yg{jtjw{e, Wjlg{jge" L, 9?"Woggjl Wo}eye{e" 5-9;,

DEG_LKF K," LAOB (9==;*, [oglfbfaew ko Jldfyègjl zGf`ljgegjl" z Okgegjl W}oyjfy Tjy{eb ol Be{jlfe`yjgez ob Geyjio, Otfbgjl" geyeg{oyw{jgew z }oyw}og{jtew, Ifaf{"

Gfbfìje, (_LOWGF&JOWEBG*,

DEG_LKF K," LAOB (9==4*, El{ogokol{ow" wj{egjl z }oyw-}og{jtew ko be okgegjl w}oyjfy tjy{eb ol E`yjge Be{jle z obGeyjio, Jldfyò wfiyo be okgegjl w}oyjfy ol E`yjge Be{jlez ob Geyjio (9===-9==?* JOWEBG, _LOWGF,

KE^ IEYYJAE" DYJKE (9==?* ]yjlgj}jfw ko kjwof jlw{yggjf-leb ko ol{fylfw ko e}yolkj~eno e}fzekfw gfl [JG> l èygf

ko yodoyolgje wfgjfgb{yeb z wj{ekf, Yotjw{e> [oglfbfae z Gf-`ljgegjl Okge{jtew" Jlw{j{{f Be{jlfeòyjgelf ko Gf`lj-gegjl Okge{jte" JBGO" Ef 9=" l ;5 nbjf-kjgjoìyo ko 9==?,@FYJL" OKAEY (9==?*, Jl{yfkggjl eb }olwe`jol{f gf`}bo-

nf, Ieygobfle> okj{fyjeb> Aokjwe,

]YEKFW E, ELE T3 YJTOYE @, B_W Y, (9==8*, J`}eg{f kobew [oglfbfaew ko be Jldfyègjl z be Gf`ljgegjl ol beokgegjl w}oyjfy ko E`yjge Be{jle z ob Geyjio, Ge}{bf JT

kob jldfyò Be okgegjl w}oyjfy ol E`yjge Be{jle z ob Ge-yjio> kjo~ efw kow}w ko be Gfldoyolgje @lkjeb ko 5::8& okj{ekf }fy Geybfw [lloyèll Ioylhoj`, - Gebj> JOWEBG-_LOWGF" ]_N" 9==8,

WOFELO" EL[FLJF $ AEYGE" DYELGJWGF NFW (9==8*Bfw fyaolow kob {{fy> dlkeòl{fw bfwgfw z o}jw{o`fbaj-gfw ko be `flj{fyj~egjl }eye w e}bjgegjl e gfl{ox{fw ko o-boeyljla, (AY}f ko Jltow{jaegjl ol Jl{oyEggjl z oBoeyljla

Ayjeb" _, ko Webeèlge* (Ow}ee*,

[LLOY@ELL" IOYLHOJ@ (9==8* Be okgegjl w}oyjfy ol


23/24


:5

E`yjge Be{jle z ob Geyjio> kjo~ efw kow}w ko be Gfldo-

yolgje @lkjeb ko 5::8 & okj{fy, Gebj> JOWEBG-_LOWGF" ]_N"9==8,

_LOWGF, JOWEBG, (9==4* Jldfyò wfiyo be okgegjl w}o-yjfy ol E`yjge Be{jle z ob Geyjio (9===-9==?*, Be @o{e`fydf-wjw ko be Okgegjl W}oyjfy,

KOGBEYEGJL KO BE GFLDOYOLGJE YOAJFLEB

KO BE OK_GEGJL W_]OYJFY OL E@YJGE BE[JLEZ OB GEYJIO (9==8*,Gey{eaole ko Jlkjew" Gfbfìje (GYOW-9==8*,

Jla, Fwgey Ktjbe (fketjbeMg,ok,to* Ow}ogjebjw{e [JG

Kjyoggjl ko [oglfbfae Etel~eke, ]yfdowfy Eayoaekf,Kfgol{o kob yoe ko Ow{kjf ko ]fw{ayekf ko be Degb{ek koOkgegjl, _ljtoywjkek ko Geyeifif,

Fkfl{bfaf W{obbe Tjbbe`j~ey ko ]yo~,(wtjbbe`j~eyMg,ok,to* ]yfdowfye Ewjw{ol{o, Kfgol{o ko beewjale{ye Webk z Wfgjokek kob }yjòy ef ko be Degb{ekko Fkfl{fbfae, _ljtoywjkek ko Geyeifif,

Jlaoljoyf Geyòl Djaoyokf, (gi=1Maèjb,gf`* Kfgol{o kobe ewjale{ye Jldfy`{jge ko be Degb{ek ko Fkfl{fbfae,@eaw{oy ol Aoyolgje Etel~eke ol Okgegjl, Ow}ogjebjw{e ol[oglfbfaew ko be Gf`}{egjl ol Okgegjl, _ljtoywjkek koGeyeifif,


24/24

K[E, Et, Elkyw Obfz Ibelgf g&g gebbo 571, Okjgjf Gol{yfOwgfy}jf" kjeafleb eb Whf}}jla Gol{oy" ]jwf 5" fgjle 5=5,Tebolgje" Ow{ekf Geyeifif,

plan piloto de implementación de ambientes virtuales en la facultad de odontología de la...

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