oscar cetrángolo cepal primera jornada de federalismo fiscal
DESCRIPTION
Una perspectiva más amplia de los desafíos políticos y fiscales (relacionados con el federalismo fiscal). Oscar Cetrángolo CEPAL PRIMERA JORNADA DE FEDERALISMO FISCAL Honorable Cámara de Diputados de la Nación Buenos Aires, 23 de octubre de 2008. Principales desafíos. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Una perspectiva ms amplia de los desafos polticos y fiscales (relacionados con el federalismo fiscal)
Oscar Cetrngolo CEPAL
PRIMERA JORNADA DE FEDERALISMO FISCALHonorable Cmara de Diputados de la NacinBuenos Aires, 23 de octubre de 2008
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Principales desafosSituacin macrofiscal y financiamiento del sector pblicoDescentralizacin y problemas de financiamiento del gasto social en un pas federal Necesidad de modernizar el sistema de proteccin social (salud, previsin social y poltica asistencial)
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Ingreso, gasto y resultado del sector pblico consolidado (base devengado). 1970-2006
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Ingreso total del sector pblico consolidado (base devengado). 1970-2006
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Ingreso total del sector pblico consolidado (base devengado). 1970-2006
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Ingreso total y tributario del sector pblico consolidado 1970-2006
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Ingreso total y tributario del sector pblico consolidado 1970-2006
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Ingreso tributario neto del sector pblico nacional y provincial 1970-2007
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Recursos tributarios nacionales 1932-2007En porcentaje del PIB
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Situacin de las provincias: resultado fiscal y deuda en relacin al PBG (2006)Formosa
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Principales desafos en materia de situacin macrofiscalConsolidacin de solvencia fiscalMantenimiento de nivel de carga tributaria elevada con estructura maduraMejora en indicadores de endeudamiento en los diferentes niveles de gobierno
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Principales desafosSituacin macrofiscal y financiamiento del sector pblicoDescentralizacin y problemas de financiamiento del gasto social en un pas federal Necesidad de modernizar el sistema de proteccin social (salud, previsin social y poltica asistencial)
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Estructura % de recursos (tributarios y no tributarios) y erogaciones por nivel de gobierno
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Existe una clara asociacin entre el desarrollo provincial e indicadores sociales
Tasa de mortalidad infantil y poblacin sin cobertura de agua en provincias ordenadas de acuerdo a su producto por habitante
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Descentralizacin y lmites a la correspondencia fiscal
Los indicadores de resultado del gasto descentralizado muestran una clara correlacin con el grado de desarrollo de cada jurisdiccin
La participacin de los recursos propios depende muy estrechamente del desarrollo relativo de cada jurisdiccin con lo que el financiamiento provincial depende de variada manera de las transferencias desde la Nacin
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Estructura de los ingresos corrientes provinciales. Ao 2006
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Estructura de los ingresos corrientes provinciales. Ao 2006
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Estructura de los ingresos corrientes provinciales. Ao 2006
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Distribucin territorial del producto bruto geogrfico 2005I: Ciudad de Buenos AiresII: Buenos Aires, Crdoba, Mendoza y Santa FeIII: Chubut, Neuqun, Santa Cruz y Tierra del FuegoIV: Catamarca y San LuisV: Entre Ros, La Pampa, Ro Negro, Salta y TucumnVI: Jujuy, Misiones y San JuanVII: Corrientes, Chaco, Formosa, La Rioja y Santiago del Estero
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Producto bruto geogrfico por habitante 2005En pesos
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Creciente disparidad de PBG por habitante (1993-2003)
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Ausencia de correspondencia fiscal plena Relacin entre PIB (PPP) per capita ms alto y ms bajo en cada pas
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Ausencia de correspondencia fiscal plena Relacin entre PIB (PPP) per capita ms alto y ms bajo en cada pas
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Principales desafosSituacin macrofiscal y financiamiento del sector pblicoDescentralizacin y problemas de financiamiento del gasto social en un pas federal Necesidad de modernizar el sistema de proteccin social (salud, previsin social y poltica asistencial)
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Necesidad de reformulacin de la proteccin socialPAISES EN QUE LA COBERTURA MEJORPAISES EN QUE LA COBERTURA EMPEORAMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE: Cobertura en 1990 y 2002(% de ocupados que cotiza)
Chart4
57
21.8
47.8
64.9
65.3
32.3
32.9
55.1
18.3
43.9333333333
Cobertura c. 2002
Cobertura c.1990
Cobertura c.2002
Nic
Bol*
El Sal
Ecu*
LAC
Bra
Arg*
C.Rica
Mx
Chi
Tablas 2.1 y 2.2
Tabla 2.1 - Amrica Latina y el Caribe : Aportes a la seguridad social de los trabajadores ocupados
ponderadores
Total NacionalTotal UrbanoTotal RuralTotal HombresTotal MujeresTotal NacionalTotal UrbanoTotal RuralTotal HombresTotal Mujeres
Argentina (2002, urbana)*n.d.56.0n.d.59.052.5Argentina (2002, urbana)*606086032352002825650
Bolivia (2002)14.521.24.613.815.4Bolivia (2002)33506302003030134760018922401458390
Brasil (2001)47.854.317.448.447.0Brasil (2001)7101250058568700124439004178040029232100
Chile (2003)64.967.048.866.662.1Chile (2003)5705670504960065607035527902152870
Costa Rica (2002)65.368.260.568.559.3Costa Rica (2002)1525140946750578390987960537170
Ecuador (2002, urbana)n.d.32.3n.d.32.432.0Ecuador (2002, urbana)325119019924401258750
El Salvador (2001)32.943.414.530.935.9El Salvador (2001)222010014145208055801305620914480
Guatemala (2002)17.831.18.518.416.7Guatemala (2002)42252401740980248427026641001561140
Mxico (2002)*55.164.830.852.959.1Mxico (2002)*26361700188418007519910172102009151480
Nicaragua (2001)18.325.17.616.321.9Nicaragua (2001)175729010729806843201126920630370
Panam (2002)53.866.629.348.663.4Panam (2002)1070270701120369150699590370680
Paraguay (2000)13.520.25.013.114.2Paraguay (2000)218356012234209601401333890849670
Per (2001)13.018.72.615.010.4Per (2001)108559007002410385347060838304772050
Repblica Dominicana (2002)*44.748.032.743.446.6Repblica Dominicana (2002)*14537801140030313750876350577430
Uruguay (2002, urbana)n.d.63.8n.d.63.664.0Uruguay (2002, urbana)999570573310426260
Venezuela (2002)*61.5n.d.n.d.58.067.1Venezuela (2002)*527863032364402042190
Promedio Simple38.745.421.940.641.7
Promedio ponderado45.052.318.645.544.9137000410110016960320165508855128058760680
Fuente: Cepal, en base a encuestas de hogares y censos de poblacin
(*) La tasa presentada corresponde al aporte a la Seguridad Social de los asalariados (no incluye trabajadores por cuenta propia, familiares no remunerados, o patrones).
Tabla 2.2 - Amrica Latina y el Caribe: Distribucin ocupacional y cobertura contributiva de la proteccin social
Aportes a la seguridad social de trabajadores ocupados(% que aporta a la Seguridad Social en cada categora)**Distribucin de los ocupados(% de los ocupados representado por cada categora)
FormalesInformalesFormalesInformales
AsalariadosNo asalariadosAsalariadosNo asalariados
Argentina (2002, urbana)*68.522.7n.d.58.421.020.5100.0
Bolivia (2002)42.86.810.435.318.046.7100.021.221.2
Brasil (2001)78.334.417.155.219.725.1100.054.354.3
Chile (2003)81.650.820.768.814.616.6100.067.067.0
Costa Rica (2002)87.743.335.060.416.323.3100.068.268.2
Ecuador (2002, urbana)57.412.810.945.118.836.0100.032.332.3
El Salvador (2001)78.510.911.048.118.733.3100.043.443.4
Guatemala (2002)63.610.00.346.017.636.4100.031.131.1
Mxico (2002)*81.925.5n.d.67.712.020.3100.0
Nicaragua (2001)53.87.41.342.921.435.6100.025.225.1
Panam (2002)88.436.526.462.415.522.1100.066.766.6
Paraguay (2000)48.94.10.838.725.336.0100.020.320.2
Per (2001)43.83.83.238.019.942.1100.018.718.7
Repblica Dominicana (2002)*52.614.8n.d.54.511.434.0100.0
Uruguay (2002, urbana)88.243.924.755.121.623.3100.063.863.8
Venezuela (2002)*75.519.9n.d.44.914.340.8100.0
Promedio Simple68.221.713.551.417.930.8100.0
Promedio ponderado
Fuente: Cepal, en base a encuestas de hogares y censos de poblacin48.60.0
(*) La tasa presentada corresponde al aporte a la Seguridad Social de los asalariados (no incluye trabajadores por cuenta propia, familiares no remunerados, o patrones).
En el caso de los trabajadores asalariados del sector agrcola, la encuesta PNAD 2003 de Brasil no incluye una pregunta respecto al tamao de la empresa, por lo que se imput dicho status mediante la presencia de contrato de trabajo (carteira de trabalho
Formales: Asalariados sector pblico o en empresas con ms de 5 empleados + Trabajadores por cuenta propia profesionales y tcnicos + Patrones en empresas de 5 personas o ms
Informales asalariados: Asalariados en empresas con menos de 5 empleados o servicio domstico (incluye asalariados profesionales o tcnicos)
Informales no asalariados: Trabajador por cuenta propia no profesional o tcnico, familiar no remunerado, o patrn de empresa de menos de 5 personas
Grfico 2.1
Evolucin cobertura de ocupados c.1990 - c. 2002
Cobertura c. 1990Cobertura c. 2002
Argentina (GBA)66.457.066.457.0
Bolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)28.621.828.621.8
Brasil52.847.852.847.8
Chile66.164.966.164.9
Costa Rica70.165.370.165.3
Ecuador (urbano)37.732.337.732.3
El Salvador26.532.926.532.9
Mxico50.655.150.655.1
Nicaragua25.918.325.918.3
Promedio simple d/47.243.9
Grfico 2.1
57
21.8
47.8
64.9
65.3
32.3
32.9
55.1
18.3
43.9333333333
Cobertura c. 2002
Cobertura c.1990
Cobertura c.2002
Evolucin cobertura de ocupados c.1990 - c.2002
Chi
Mx
C.Rica
Arg*
Bra
LAC
Ecu*
El Sal
Bol*
Nic
Grfico 2.2
Cobertura de la SS en LAC, c.2002
Total ocupadosZonas urbanas
TotalZonaOcupadosAsalariadosCuenta
nacionalUrbanoRuralInformalesFormalesHombresMujeresPblicosPrivadospropia
Promedio simple c. 199050.156.133.935.276.057.554.186.553.817.8
Promedio simple c. 200247.448.229.920.470.249.147.084.652.015.1
Promedio ponderado
antiguosTotal ocupadosZonas urbanas
TotalZonaOcupadosAsalariadosCuenta
nacionalUrbanoRuralInformalesFormalesHombresMujeresPblicosPrivadospropia
Promedio simple c. 199050.156.133.941.275.457.554.186.553.817.8
Promedio simple c. 200247.448.229.930.468.849.147.084.652.015.1
Promedio ponderado50.556.225.035.276.956.955.187.760.717.3
Ocupados urbanosOcupados ruralesOcupados urbanos informalesOcupados urbanos formalesOcupados urbanos hombresOcupados urbanos mujeresAsalariados urbanos pblicosAsalariados urbanos privadosCuenta Propia urbanos
Promedio simple c. 1990563435765754875418
Promedio simple c. 2002483020704947855215
Pases en que cobertura cay
Pases en que cobertura mejor
Grfico 2.2
56.122222222248.2111111111
33.8529.9333333333
35.155555555620.4444444444
76.011111111170.2
57.477777777849.0666666667
54.111111111146.9666666667
86.516666666784.6222222222
53.783333333351.9555555556
17.828571428615.1
Promedio simple c. 1990
Promedio simple c. 2002
% de trabaajdores que realiza aportes a la seguridad social
Amrica Latina (9 pases): Evolucin cobertura contributiva de distintos grupos de ocupados urbanos(c. 1990 - c. 2002 )
Cuadro 2.3
Aportes contributivos por quintil de ingreso, ocupados
Pasquintil 1quintil 2quintil 3quintil 4quintil 5q5-q1q1 / q5
Argentina (2002, urbana)*15.238.357.766.476.160.90.20
Bolivia (2002)3.26.310.316.230.327.10.11
Brasil (2001)20.136.147.255.663.543.40.32
Chile (2003)50.360.064.568.171.421.10.70
Costa Rica (2002)49.658.263.766.275.125.50.66
Ecuador (2002, urbana)11.118.825.133.754.543.40.20
El Salvador (2001)11.516.829.536.152.941.40.22
Guatemala (2002)4.715.017.123.324.019.30.20
Mxico (2002)*28.946.951.864.273.444.50.39
Nicaragua (2001)6.412.013.523.526.920.50.24
Panam (2002)22.342.754.861.067.044.70.33
Paraguay (2000)3.15.711.217.222.719.60.14
Per (2001)2.05.710.115.724.922.90.08
Repblica Dominicana (2002)*34.940.737.547.651.616.70.68
Uruguay (2002, urbana)25.648.162.775.985.359.70.30
Venezuela (Rep. Bolivariana) (2002)*36.951.959.768.178.942.00.47
Quintiles ocupados
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS OCUPADOS
SEGN QUINTILES DE INGRESO PERCPITA
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
TotalQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personasTotalQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personas
PasAoocupadosQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil VocupadosQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil V
Argentina (GBA)199066.480.677.671.469.151.4411838458981210681264
xArgentina (GBA) a/199094.896.095.093.395.694.52875321479620770685
xArgentina (GBA)200257.013.841.363.865.775.03296413585655757886
Argentina - urbano200256.015.238.357.766.476.160617801023119714221639
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198928.624.325.227.428.033.681082141165197224
x200221.84.811.216.023.742.61554217272321368375
Bolivia200214.53.26.310.316.230.33351525626660745795
xBrasil199052.828.441.551.458.468.756609704010030118341318514520
x200147.820.136.147.255.663.571013897512550151551671517618
xChile199066.151.863.065.768.072.7421348269688410051146
200064.645.459.766.067.872.65291641914108512301420
x200364.950.360.064.568.171.45706647962117213591566
xCosta Rica199070.159.465.167.272.776.7967107154193233280
x200265.349.658.263.766.275.11525160246304366449
xEcuador - urbano199037.719.226.131.338.556.42190271354439512615
x200232.311.118.825.133.754.53251408552640773877
xEl Salvador199526.58.816.322.130.439.81798224295348419513
x200132.911.516.829.536.152.92220297362440511609
El Salvador a/199543.824.429.236.246.557.7106080163207271339
200149.826.228.542.951.470.01333116198276328415
Guatemala200217.84.715.017.123.324.042256567758669271002
Guatemala a/200236.110.730.733.344.250.12061288378440488467
Mxico198950.639.341.350.456.458.72424134574328483354666157
xMxico a/198959.342.748.358.168.370.91679624923053353037753945
x200255.128.946.951.864.273.42636240014736579259265907
xNicaragua199325.910.317.922.530.833.688092138168210272
x200118.36.412.013.523.526.91757225298348407478
Nicaragua a/199342.420.534.036.144.353.2476366495126155
200133.018.422.823.837.245.394470157195252271
Panam200253.822.342.754.861.067.01070132176207247309
Paraguay200013.53.15.711.217.222.72184304390413495581
Paraguay a/200028.111.813.421.933.939.0103779165212251330
Per200113.02.05.710.115.724.91085616371947219823972677
Rep. Dominicana200244.734.940.737.547.651.61454111239284401420
Uruguay - urbano200263.825.648.162.775.985.31000133178209230249
Venezuela200261.536.951.959.768.178.952796461082117212011178
Promedio simple b/199051.337.944.348.854.560.8
200243.921.833.541.748.559.5
Promedio ponderado b/199054.934.144.553.560.668.4
200249.323.038.648.056.665.1
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
&L&D &T&R&F &A
tabla Titelman
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL
1990 - 2002
Total nacionalTotal urbanoOcupadosNacionalUrbano
PasAoFormalesInformalesFormalesInformalesNacionalZonaHombresMujeresHombresMujeres
AsalariadosCta. Propia b/AsalariadosCta. Propia b/UrbanoRural
Argentina (GBA)199089.590.11.089.590.11.066.466.765.9
xArgentina (GBA) a/199096.390.1.96.390.1.94.896.292.4
xArgentina (GBA)200269.324.8.69.324.8.57.059.154.6
Argentina - urbano200268.522.7.68.522.7.Argentina56.059.052.5
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198955.811.510.455.811.510.428.629.127.9
x200243.36.310.943.36.310.921.821.722.0
Bolivia200240.56.36.042.86.810.4Bolivia14.521.24.613.815.420.522.0
xBrasil199096.323.424.297.829.136.952.863.820.454.250.566.958.8
x200174.633.712.278.334.417.1Brasil47.854.317.448.447.055.053.2
xChile199084.356.727.086.458.829.666.169.846.866.864.772.065.9
200079.553.019.081.153.721.164.667.146.365.762.769.064.1
x200380.650.418.881.650.820.7Chile64.967.048.866.662.169.463.3
xCosta Rica199087.450.347.789.151.642.270.173.867.072.264.776.169.6
x200286.343.338.587.743.335.0Costa Rica65.368.260.568.559.371.463.2
xEcuador199067.617.48.467.617.48.437.738.436.5
x200257.412.810.957.412.810.9Ecuador32.332.432.0
xEl Salvador199556.73.91.068.56.31.726.536.510.626.626.240.032.2
x200171.67.37.178.510.911.0El Salvador32.943.414.530.935.943.643.2
El Salvador a/199558.64.0.71.36.5.43.856.120.141.148.655.557.1
200173.47.3.80.610.9.49.860.526.045.158.056.866.0
Guatemala200251.15.20.163.610.00.3Guatemala17.831.18.518.416.732.828.9
Guatemala a/200254.25.2.67.810.0.36.150.920.733.741.649.353.5
Mxico198957.864.131.362.067.732.550.656.738.947.259.153.363.7
xMxico a/198958.664.1.63.167.7.59.363.846.756.965.261.668.3
x200276.317.7.81.925.5.Mxico55.164.830.852.959.164.565.3
xNicaragua199350.911.85.859.514.39.625.936.311.623.330.837.035.4
x200147.45.61.053.87.41.3Nicaragua18.325.17.616.321.924.525.9
Nicaragua a/199358.611.8.68.714.3.42.451.523.539.447.950.453.2
200149.95.6.56.77.4.33.039.717.328.541.935.546.8
Panam200286.229.917.088.436.526.4Panam53.866.629.348.663.463.671.1
Paraguay200047.33.60.348.94.10.8Paraguay13.520.25.013.114.220.919.4
Paraguay a/200050.23.6.52.24.1.28.132.416.727.129.833.031.7
Per200139.33.11.843.83.83.2Per13.018.72.615.010.421.615.1
Rep. Dominicana200249.812.0.52.614.8.Rep. Dominicana44.748.032.743.446.647.748.4
Uruguay200288.243.924.788.243.924.7Uruguay63.863.664.0
Venezuela c/200275.519.9.75.519.9.Venezuela c/61.558.067.1
Promedio simple d/199072.736.617.876.038.519.850.156.133.950.050.457.554.1
200267.422.414.270.224.015.347.448.229.947.347.649.147.0
Promedio ponderado d/199081.029.423.585.437.332.954.263.627.554.853.165.560.4
200275.327.112.478.030.516.449.955.523.450.049.956.354.3
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Incluye cuenta propia no profesionales, trabajadores no remunerados y empleadores de microempresa.
c/ Los valores son nacionales en todas las celdas.
d/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
En los clculos, fueron exluidos entre estos pases aquellos en los que hubiera indicadores sin informacin al menos para un ao.
&L&D &T&R&F &A
tabla Titelman distribuciones
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIALPonderadores para totales
1990 - 2002
Total nacionalTotal urbanoTotal nacionalTotal urbano
PasAoFormalesInformalesFormalesInformalesFormalesInformalesFormalesInformales
AsalariadosCta. Propia b/AsalariadosCta. Propia b/AsalariadosCta. Propia b/AsalariadosCta. Propia b/
Argentina (GBA)199056.417.426.2100.02321.02717.851079.372321.02717.851079.37
xArgentina (GBA) a/199056.417.426.2100.02321.02717.851079.372321.02717.851079.37
xArgentina (GBA)200258.721.519.8100.02664.97975.14900.152664.97975.14900.15
Argentina - urbano200258.421.020.5100.04880.331755.351715.074880.331755.351715.07
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198939.519.441.1100.0320.26157332.67320.26157332.67
x200236.318.045.7100.0563.77280.22709.6563.77280.22709.6
Bolivia200235.318.046.7100.0821.33428.992100.32707.74360.34934.96
xBrasil199040.027.232.847.626.525.9100.022658.715403.618549.120134.811203.810969.6
x200151.117.431.555.219.725.1100.036299.112363.222358.332330.911518.414724.8
xChile199058.518.722.861.817.420.8100.02520.05805.37979.522232.53627.71753.28
200066.416.017.668.415.216.5100.03520.67848.95930.623192.38709.39768.82
x200366.815.318.068.814.616.6100.03869.5884.851040.413529.59751.09851.07
xCosta Rica199055.218.526.364.314.820.9100.0533.8178.6254.4428465.4492.49
x200254.019.326.760.416.323.3100.0823.89294.35406.89572.02154.57220.16
xEcuador199047.016.336.7100.01029.66356.91803.21029.66356.91803.2
x200245.118.836.0100.01467.9612.781170.521467.9612.781170.52
xEl Salvador199544.916.338.851.015.034.0100.0806.81293.47697.89562.06165.73374.69
x200140.021.438.648.118.733.3100.0888.51475.16856.44680.15263.93470.43
El Salvador a/199544.916.338.851.015.034.0100.0806.81293.47697.89562.06165.73374.69
200140.021.438.648.118.733.3100.0888.51475.16856.44680.15263.93470.43
Guatemala200232.818.149.146.017.636.4100.01387.927642073.33800.55306.21634.22
Guatemala a/200232.818.149.146.017.636.4100.01387.927642073.33800.55306.21634.22
Mxico198961.69.229.267.712.020.3100.014928.62241.497070.6310795.51908.753241.24
xMxico a/198961.69.229.267.712.020.3100.014928.62241.497070.6310795.51908.753241.24
x200245.025.229.953.923.023.2100.017543.99810.9211640.613771.85871.895918.32
xNicaragua199342.118.739.251.819.928.3100.0370.31165.02345.01263.67101.58144.24
x200135.320.644.142.921.435.6100.0620.49362.98774.37461.06229.87382.6
Nicaragua a/199342.118.739.251.819.928.3100.0370.31165.02345.01263.67101.58144.24
200135.320.644.142.921.435.6100.0620.49362.98774.37461.06229.87382.6
Panam200250.116.033.962.415.522.1100.0536.01171.51362.75437.45108.92154.75
Paraguay200026.522.551.038.725.336.0100.0579.52491.951113.73473.94310.23440.22
Paraguay a/200026.522.551.038.725.336.0100.0579.52491.951113.73473.94310.23440.22
Per200129.316.454.338.019.942.1100.03175.61783.185897.092658.481394.232949.69
Rep. Dominicana200246.311.242.654.511.434.0100.01453.64350.541337.491164.42243.97726.85
Uruguay200255.121.623.3100.0550.86215.83232.88550.86215.83232.88
Venezuela c/200244.914.340.844.914.340.8100.04253.271350.93869.234253.271350.93869.23
Promedio simple d/199050.418.131.554.117.629.1
200248.719.931.452.219.130.8
Promedio ponderado d/199049.124.431.754.823.325.6
200250.020.631.055.320.425.6
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Incluye cuenta propia no profesionales, trabajadores no remunerados y empleadores de microempresa.
c/ Los valores son nacionales en todas las celdas.
d/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
En los clculos, fueron exluidos entre estos pases aquellos en los que hubiera indicadores sin informacin al menos para un ao.
&L&D &T&R&F &A
ponderadores
COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL SEGN POSICIN OCUPACIONAL Y SEXO
Distribuciones totales (toda la FT ocupada)
PasAoTotal ocupadosZonas urbanasAsalariados urbanosPEA urbana% urbanoTabla Titelman - NacionalUrbanosOcupadosNacionalUrbanoTabla Titelman - NacionalUrbanos
TotalZonaOcupadosAsalariadosCuentaSinCon contratoSin contrato y c. temporalFormalesInformalesFormalesInformalesNacionalUrbanoRuralHombresMujeresHombresMujeresFormalesInformalesFormalesInformales
nacionalUrbanoRuralInformalesFormalesHombresMujeresPblicosPrivadospropiaContratoTotalIndefinidoOtrosAsalariadosCta. PropiaAsalariadosCta. PropiaAsalariadosCta. PropiaAsalariadosCta. Propia
ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato4118.21797.22321.0CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-2612.21506.01069.71804.9975.30.04381.2CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-2321.0717.851079.42321.02717.851079.374118.242612.2415062612.24150656.44118.242321.02717.851079.3756.44118.242321.02717.851079.37
ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato2874.5717.92156.7CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1804.91069.71069.71804.90.02874.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-2156.7717.85.2156.69717.85.2874.541804.871069.671804.871069.6756.44118.242321.02717.851079.3756.44118.242321.02717.851079.37
Argentina - 2002 - Gran Buenos Aires / slo obreros y empleados3296.5907.02389.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1787.71508.8807.32489.2492.52804.02721.1492.5Otro3296.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3370.52389.5907.02.2389.47907.02.3296.491787.741508.751787.741508.7558.74540.262664.97975.14900.1558.74540.262664.97975.14900.15
Argentina - 2002 / slo obreros y empleados6060.91655.34405.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3235.22825.71842.34218.51000.55058.94761.01000.5Otro6060.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-6178.24405.61655.27.4405.591655.27.6060.863235.22825.653235.22825.6558.48350.754880.331755.351715.0758.48350.754880.331755.351715.07
Bolivia - 1989 / sin contrato809.9489.7320.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-468.7341.2151.0294.2296.20.0893.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-320.3157332.7320.26157332.67809.93468.69341.24468.69341.2439.5809.93320.26157332.6739.5809.93320.26157332.67
Bolivia - 2002 - Ocho ciudades ppales + El Alto1553.6989.8563.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-840.5713.2167.9615.3587.1473.8309.4149.0473.8Otro1667.2CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-788.2563.8280.22709.6563.77280.22709.61553.6840.45713.15840.45713.1536.31553.59563.77280.22709.636.31553.59563.77280.22709.6
Bolivia - 20023350.62003.01347.61295.3707.7CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1101.4901.6222.1774.3746.8615.3381.2187.9615.3Otro2144.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1006.6821.3428.992100.3707.74360.34934.963350.632003.031347.61892.241458.391101.41901.6224.53350.64821.33428.992100.3235.32003.04707.74360.34934.96
Brasil - 1990 / sin pblico / sin contrato indefinido56609.142306.614302.522171.820134.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-26116.616190.011339.68769.719569.2Otro44318.2CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-22658.715402.518547.920134.811203.410968.456609.142306.614302.536163.420445.726116.61619040.056611.422658.715403.618549.147.642308.220134.811203.810969.6
Brasil - 2001 - TAMEST=carteira / sin contrato indefinido71012.558568.712443.926239.332329.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-34042.624526.17638.133517.612212.619111.322036.4Otro65747.7CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-36296.012363.222353.332329.311518.414720.971012.558568.712443.941780.429232.134042.624526.151.171020.636299.112363.222358.355.258574.132330.911518.414724.8
CHILE CASEN - NOVIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato indefinido / sin pblico4212.93533.6679.21345.22188.4CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-2275.01258.7732.2413.22243.2Otro3877.3CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-2471.0785.56956.32188.44610.83734.344212.853533.62679.232842.281370.572274.971258.6558.54304.942520.05805.37979.5261.83613.522232.53627.71753.28
Chile - 20005290.74662.1628.61474.23187.9CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-2845.81816.3536.73049.5828.4842.32743.92304.6842.3Otro5236.7CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3651.83515.7846.85928.23187.88707.54766.675290.734662.09628.633338.111952.622845.821816.2866.45300.243520.67848.95930.6268.44670.593192.38709.39768.82
Chile - 20035705.75049.6656.11574.33475.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3055.11994.5514.73363.6915.4959.72918.72684.6641.0Otro5612.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3943.13811.2868.831025.63475.31736.92837.375705.675049.6656.073552.792152.873055.111994.4966.85794.763869.5884.851040.4168.85131.753529.59751.09851.07
COSTA RICA - 1990 / sin contrato966.8441.9524.9157.9284.0CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-283.2158.7113.8221.773.7Sin466.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-533.8178.6254.428465.4492.49966.84441.93524.91688.34278.5283.21158.7255.2966.84533.8178.6254.4464.3441.9328465.4492.49
Costa Rica - 2002 / no hay variable sobre contrato1525.1946.8578.4374.7572.0CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-569.9376.8166.8517.3172.8Sin1016.3CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-823.9294.35406.9572.02154.57220.161525.14946.75578.39987.96537.17569.94376.8154.01525.13823.89294.35406.8960.4946.75572.02154.57220.16
Ecuador - SEPTIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato2189.81160.11029.7CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1398.4791.4399.7919.4634.20.02335.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1029.7356.91803.21029.66356.91803.22189.771398.35791.421398.35791.4247.02189.771029.66356.91803.247.02189.771029.66356.91803.2
Ecuador - 20023251.21783.31467.9CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1992.41258.8388.21562.9934.2937.91013.2484.6937.9Otro3581.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1989.81467.9612.781170.51467.9612.781170.523251.191992.441258.751992.441258.7545.13251.21467.9612.781170.5245.13251.21467.9612.781170.52
El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato1798.21102.5695.7540.4562.1CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-598.7503.8144.4551.4278.1Sin1102.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-806.8293.47697.9562.06165.73374.691798.171102.48695.691098.93699.25598.7503.7844.91798.17806.81293.47697.8951.01102.48562.06165.73374.69
El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido2220.11414.5805.6734.4680.2CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-749.0665.5170.5748.3336.9Sin1522.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-888.5475.16856.4680.15263.93470.432220.11414.52805.581305.62914.48749.04665.4940.02220.11888.51475.16856.4448.11414.51680.15263.93470.43
El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato1060.0695.8364.1162.3533.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-416.7279.1144.4551.4Sin695.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-771.4288.58.533.52162.29.1059.95695.81364.14689370.95416.74279.0744.91798.17806.81293.47697.8951.01102.48562.06165.73374.69
El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido1332.9918.8414.1263.9654.9CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-541.7377.2170.5748.3Sin918.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-857.8475.16.654.88263.93.1332.92918.82414.11843.33489.59541.65377.1640.02220.11888.51475.16856.4448.11414.51680.15263.93470.43
Guatemala - 20024225.21741.02484.3940.4800.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-986.1754.9132.9915.4418.6615.0433.3373.8615.0Otro1741.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1063.31387.97642073.3800.55306.21634.224225.241740.982484.272664.11561.14986.11754.8732.84225.251387.927642073.3346.01740.98800.55306.21634.22
Guatemala - 20022061.01048.21012.8306.2742.0CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-644.0404.3132.9915.4615.0433.3373.8615.0Otro1048.2CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1063.31297.0764.742.01306.21.2061.041048.221012.821437.31623.73643.95404.2732.84225.251387.927642073.3346.01740.98800.55306.21634.22
MEXICO - TERCER TRIMESTRE 1989 / sin pblico24240.815945.58295.35150.010795.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-10734.75210.82427.93971.78425.66816.23971.7Otro16501.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-12591.714928.62241.497070.610795.51908.753241.2424240.815945.58295.317253.56987.2810734.75210.7761.624240.7214928.62241.497070.6367.715945.4910795.51908.753241.24
MEXICO - TERCER TRIMESTRE 1989 / sin pblico16796.112397.34398.81908.810488.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-8360.24037.13971.78425.66816.23971.7Otro12397.3CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-12591.714554.62241.49.10488.51908.75.16796.112397.34398.811941.44854.668360.224037.0761.624240.7214928.62241.497070.6367.715945.4910795.51908.753241.24
Mxico - 2002 / solo asalariados26361.718841.87519.95719.013122.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-11744.77097.23466.215375.66991.811850.09450.66991.8Otro18841.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-19143.116796.39565.38.13122.85718.96.26361.718841.87519.9117210.29151.4811744.77097.1645.038995.4217543.99810.9211640.653.925562.0113771.85871.895918.32
NICARAGUA - 1993 / sin contrato880.4509.5370.9245.8263.7CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-291.4218.1111.4209.7152.2Sin595.3CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-370.3165.02345.0263.67101.58144.24880.35509.49370.86577.39302.96291.4218.0942.1880.34370.31165.02345.0151.8509.49263.67101.58144.24
Nicaragua - 2001 / sin contrato1757.31073.0684.3612.3460.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-615.0458.0119.4539.6281.7Sin1073.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-620.1362.98774.2460.64229.87382.471757.291072.98684.321126.92630.37614.99457.9935.31757.84620.49362.98774.3742.91073.53461.06229.87382.6
NICARAGUA - 1993 / sin contrato475.7321.1154.6101.6219.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-194.0127.1111.4209.7Sin321.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-310.7165.02.219.52101.58.475.73321.1154.63306.79168.95194127.142.1880.34370.31165.02345.0151.8509.49263.67101.58144.24
Nicaragua - 2001 / sin contrato944.0659.0285.0227.5431.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-413.7245.4119.4539.6Sin659.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-583.6360.41.431.52227.51.944.02659.03284.99627.41316.61413.68245.3535.31757.84620.49362.98774.3742.91073.53461.06229.87382.6
Panam - 20021070.3701.1369.2263.7437.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-418.0283.1145.1383.3144.291.2437.2354.991.2Otro840.6CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-532.6536.0171.51362.8437.45108.92154.751070.27701.12369.15699.59370.68418.01283.1150.11070.27536.01171.51362.7562.4701.12437.45108.92154.75
Paraguay - 2000 / sin contrato2183.61223.4960.1750.1473.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-677.3546.1142.1611.3322.4Sin1223.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-578.9491.631113.0473.32310.09440.022183.561223.42960.141333.89849.67677.31546.1126.52185.2579.52491.951113.7338.71224.39473.94310.23440.22
Paraguay - 2000 / sin contrato1037.4753.5283.9310.1443.4CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-421.8331.7142.1611.3Sin753.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-545.8491.63.443.37310.09.1037.38753.45283.92636.72400.65421.75331.726.52185.2579.52491.951113.7338.71224.39473.94310.23440.22
Per - 2001 / sin contrato10855.97002.43853.54343.92658.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3892.23110.2777.13046.52358.1Sin7551.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3175.61783.185897.12658.481394.232949.6910855.97002.413853.476083.834772.053892.23110.2129.310855.873175.61783.185897.0938.07002.42658.481394.232949.69
Rep. Dominicana - 2002 / sin contrato indefinido (ojo con SS) / cotiza? solo empleados y obreros1453.81140.0313.8141.2998.9CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-655.7484.31098.541.5Otro1140.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-1160.71256.3197.48.998.87141.16.1453.781140.03313.75876.35577.43655.74484.2946.33141.671453.64350.541337.4954.52135.241164.42243.97726.85
Uruguay - 2002 / sin contrato999.6448.7550.9CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-573.3426.3181.2528.0238.80.01207.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-550.9215.83232.9550.86215.83232.88999.57573.31426.26573.31426.2655.1999.57550.86215.83232.8855.1999.57550.86215.83232.88
Venezuela - 2002 - Slo nacional / sin contrato5278.61330.53948.2CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3236.42042.21348.53930.10.05278.6CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-3948.21330.49.3948.151330.49.5278.633236.442042.193236.442042.1944.99473.44253.271350.93869.2344.99473.44253.271350.93869.23
tabla Tokman
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL SEGN POSICIN OCUPACIONAL Y SEXO
1990 - 2002
Total ocupadosZonas urbanasAsalariados urbanosPEA urbanaPara grfico
PasAoTotalZonaOcupadosAsalariadosCuentaSinCon contrato% urbano
nacionalUrbanoRuralInformalesFormalesHombresMujeresPblicosPrivadospropiaContratoTotalIndefinidoOtrosSin contrato y c. temporal
Argentina (GBA)199066.436.689.566.765.90.092.496.20.01.00.062.4
xArgentina (GBA) a/199094.890.196.396.292.40.092.496.20.00.094.8
xArgentina (GBA)200257.024.869.359.154.60.062.255.30.00.04.566.267.94.557.017.4
Argentina - urbano200256.022.768.559.052.50.065.651.80.00.05.566.069.15.556.021.3
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198928.610.855.829.127.90.079.023.90.010.90.025.9
x200221.89.643.321.722.00.069.621.10.010.90.010.064.386.010.021.280.9
Bolivia200214.521.24.69.442.820.522.00.070.619.90.010.10.09.865.687.39.820.681.2
xBrasil199052.863.820.433.097.866.958.80.00.023.30.029.499.360.9
x200147.854.317.424.778.355.053.20.087.663.00.018.20.030.2100.048.4
xChile199066.169.846.842.986.472.065.90.00.030.30.043.389.163.7
200064.667.146.336.781.169.064.10.091.577.10.020.50.027.895.096.627.859.735.9
x200364.967.048.834.881.669.463.30.090.477.80.020.00.029.196.088.531.260.930.7
xCosta Rica199070.173.867.046.189.176.169.60.096.276.60.039.20.071.2
x200265.368.260.538.487.771.463.20.098.173.80.033.20.064.6
xEcuador199037.711.267.638.436.50.091.640.40.08.90.035.8
x200232.311.657.432.432.00.088.034.20.011.50.013.673.972.413.630.175.2
xEl Salvador199526.536.510.63.168.540.032.20.077.650.50.01.20.036.5
x200132.943.414.511.078.543.643.20.093.453.10.010.80.040.4
El Salvador a/199543.856.120.16.571.355.557.10.077.650.50.00.056.1
200149.860.526.010.980.656.866.00.093.453.10.00.060.5
Guatemala200217.831.18.53.463.632.828.90.076.047.30.00.30.030.579.985.230.531.164.7
Guatemala a/200236.150.920.710.067.849.353.50.076.047.30.00.030.579.985.230.550.964.7
Mxico198950.656.738.945.662.053.363.70.00.033.80.032.178.881.732.155.745.3
xMxico a/198959.363.846.767.763.161.668.30.00.00.032.178.881.732.163.845.3
x200255.164.830.825.581.964.565.30.093.858.20.00.018.891.994.818.864.850.0
xNicaragua199325.936.311.611.559.537.035.40.082.335.10.011.00.031.1
x200118.325.17.63.653.824.525.90.078.531.10.01.10.025.1
Nicaragua a/199342.451.523.514.368.750.453.20.082.335.10.00.051.5
200133.039.717.37.456.735.546.80.078.531.10.00.039.7
Panam200253.866.629.330.688.463.671.10.097.571.90.026.20.027.889.692.627.860.033.0
Paraguay200013.520.25.02.148.920.919.40.080.221.30.00.00.020.2
Paraguay a/200028.132.416.74.152.233.031.70.080.221.30.00.032.4
Per200113.018.72.63.443.821.615.10.066.321.90.03.70.017.9
Rep. Dominicana200244.748.032.714.852.647.748.40.047.559.30.00.048.058.1
Uruguay200263.833.988.263.664.00.098.969.40.024.20.052.8
Venezuela b/200261.519.975.558.067.10.088.352.30.00.061.5
Promedio simple c/199050.156.133.935.276.057.554.186.553.817.834.989.153.745.3
200247.448.229.90.020.470.20.049.147.00.084.652.00.015.10.017.782.145.850.9
Promedio ponderado c/199054.263.627.50.035.385.40.065.560.489.867.522.230.792.861.1
200249.955.523.40.023.878.00.056.354.387.760.717.327.297.151.1
Promedio simple200238.745.421.918.168.246.845.982.550.413.320.782.984.319.643.951.8
Promedio ponderado200245.052.318.621.175.553.651.483.357.715.025.892.586.318.148.945.6
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Slo incluye trabajadores asalariados.
b/ Los valores son nacionales en todas las celdas.
c/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
En los clculos, fueron exluidos entre estos pases aquellos en los que hubiera indicadores sin informacin al menos para un ao.
&L&D &T&R&F &A
Quintiles ocupados formales
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS OCUPADOS FORMALES
SEGN QUINTILES DE INGRESO PERCPITA
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
TotalQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personasTotalQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personas
PasAoocupados formalesQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil Vocupados formalesQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil V
Argentina (GBA)199089.595.995.694.594.576.92321211339450626694
xArgentina (GBA) a/199096.396.596.995.096.796.72157210335448612552
xArgentina (GBA)200269.316.555.874.982.683.02389281364495527722
Argentina - urbano200268.520.150.970.381.384.6440651465487210341331
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198955.847.454.358.753.658.932029536178100
x200243.319.123.732.942.161.55643482108137204
Bolivia200240.515.521.030.937.756.782146104146204321
xBrasil199096.396.796.396.596.395.92265917063488502759806459
x200174.649.666.174.279.481.336296282754287607925611178
xChile199084.376.182.183.787.086.32471238401527595711
200079.564.777.581.682.881.735163705677148381027
x200380.671.378.781.583.681.738113806127739301116
xCosta Rica199087.477.484.485.789.589.75343671103139186
x200286.376.884.786.185.388.982440101159210315
xEcuador - urbano199067.654.456.559.267.777.6103063136188254388
x200257.429.939.848.258.174.01468106208259374521
xEl Salvador199556.738.443.248.458.467.780749106151212290
x200171.651.752.965.772.183.188957100171221338
El Salvador a/199558.640.644.750.260.070.377146102144206273
200173.453.253.968.473.585.18585597164216325
Guatemala200251.123.345.546.958.560.51388127237297349379
Guatemala a/200254.224.146.649.360.368.91297123230281338326
Mxico198957.843.047.957.568.066.81492923042891316133333240
xMxico a/198958.643.348.657.968.869.11455522822840312832643040
x200276.354.772.273.181.484.91679617222642371940344681
xNicaragua199350.927.843.046.257.455.237023446988146
x200147.436.042.036.052.553.06203481114166226
Nicaragua a/199358.634.447.752.063.266.431118395979115
200149.937.443.437.254.058.05843278110160202
Panam200286.272.185.387.286.787.55362564103143200
Paraguay200047.328.733.042.050.853.85793163105152228
Paraguay a/200050.230.334.043.654.557.75462961101142213
Per200139.310.724.633.942.448.931762023705738111220
Rep. Dominicana200249.842.146.142.751.656.5125686199241361369
Uruguay - urbano200288.266.682.887.692.091.75513574109144189
Venezuela200275.555.468.072.980.086.439483657478739511012
Promedio simple b/199072.762.067.370.175.077.5
200267.445.157.363.670.876.8
Promedio ponderado b/199081.367.475.281.185.886.3
200274.450.667.173.279.181.7
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
Quintiles asal. informales
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS ASALARIADOS INFORMALES
SEGN QUINTILES DE INGRESO PERCPITA
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
TotalQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personasTotalQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personas
PasAoasalariados informalesQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil Vasalariados informalesQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil V
Argentina (GBA)199090.195.190.689.191.385.2718111144172158132
xArgentina (GBA) a/199090.195.190.689.191.385.2718111144172158132
xArgentina (GBA)200224.88.017.529.627.239.8907131221160230164
Argentina - urbano200222.75.615.924.026.739.31655266368326388308
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198911.512.26.311.110.815.31572128323343
x20026.30.75.87.67.27.82803747618254
Bolivia20026.31.75.98.26.47.1429516781123107
xBrasil199023.48.313.317.725.948.41540324833231326231823245
x200133.715.526.335.344.149.61236320362909310627011610
xChile199056.738.054.055.859.773.3786138158164166160
200053.029.547.956.458.272.2847151192185161158
x200350.430.943.750.556.870.6869155186195180153
xCosta Rica199050.352.852.044.849.854.31792936433933
x200243.340.039.339.846.849.92943664667653
xEcuador - urbano199017.419.412.815.615.823.93574368828677
x200212.85.56.612.215.428.861310614514113288
xEl Salvador19953.92.33.04.24.25.12933462646667
x20017.31.74.05.58.715.24756110011211290
El Salvador a/19954.02.33.14.34.35.22893461636566
20017.31.74.05.58.715.24756110011211290
Guatemala20025.20.86.05.27.86.8764165148160150141
Guatemala a/20025.20.86.05.27.86.8764165148160150141
Mxico198964.135.843.959.864.977.02241210214402511905
xMxico a/198964.135.843.959.864.977.02241210214402511905
x200217.79.514.913.727.529.7956522802094207318921226
xNicaragua199311.86.013.49.511.915.11651826354640
x20015.62.12.26.17.77.93633879859269
Nicaragua a/199311.86.013.49.511.915.11651826354640
20015.62.12.26.17.87.93603878849269
Panam200229.928.732.230.832.427.11721727323758
Paraguay20003.60.91.32.07.15.249250105111109118
Paraguay a/20003.60.91.32.07.15.249250105111109118
Per20013.10.92.43.12.65.31783210352385408428
Rep. Dominicana200212.09.713.48.611.715.31972539434050
Uruguay - urbano200243.919.635.650.458.170.72164653514124
Venezuela200219.912.915.921.022.833.11330281335299249166
Promedio simple b/199036.630.032.134.237.144.2
200222.412.717.822.326.833.3
Promedio ponderado b/199031.215.119.525.933.754.2
200226.412.621.226.435.640.2
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
Quintiles no asal. informales
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS NO ASALARIADOS INFORMALES
SEGN QUINTILES DE INGRESO PERCPITA
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
Total noQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personasTotal noQuintiles de ingreso per cpita de las personas
PasAoasalariados informalesQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil Vasalariados informalesQuintil IQuintil IIQuintil IIIQuintil IVQuintil V
Argentina (GBA)19901.03.32.10.60.70.8107962106190284437
xArgentina (GBA) a/1990............
xArgentina (GBA)2002............
Argentina - urbano2002............
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198910.411.38.78.411.312.23333261728681
x200210.92.55.87.316.025.9710147144152150117
Bolivia20026.02.03.03.88.514.12100428455434417367
xBrasil199024.25.211.318.327.845.81854828523312354540234816
x200112.22.14.29.116.026.92235341124213444147584830
xChile199027.015.417.825.227.137.3956107138193243275
200019.06.29.216.020.033.5928120155187231235
x200318.85.48.913.418.533.31026111164204249297
xCosta Rica199047.748.746.347.146.449.62544248475562
x200238.540.740.238.634.738.14078581798081
xEcuador - urbano19908.45.54.67.76.618.2803164150168171150
x200210.93.95.77.88.725.01171195200240268268
xEl Salvador19951.00.20.40.70.72.9698141127132141156
x20017.12.12.27.08.515.3856179161157178181
El Salvador a/1995............
2001............
Guatemala20020.10.00.00.10.00.42073364390409428482
Guatemala a/2002............
Mxico198931.330.925.229.729.837.370719441222127016222012
xMxico a/1989............
x2002............
xNicaragua19935.84.13.33.911.35.53455268637686
x20011.01.00.00.61.01.9774154138150149184
Nicaragua a/1993............
2001............
Panam200217.07.413.718.821.431.63639085716650
Paraguay20000.30.00.00.10.11.31113223222198234235
Paraguay a/2000............
Per20011.80.81.01.21.94.7589712241226124011781029
Rep. Dominicana2002............
Uruguay - urbano200224.73.411.219.540.461.62335251484537
Venezuela2002............
Promedio simple b/199017.812.913.215.918.724.5
200214.28.29.612.014.823.8
Promedio ponderado b/199022.85.911.217.625.942.4
200212.32.94.99.315.426.1
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
Edades ocupados
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS OCUPADOS
SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD DECENALES
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
TotalGrupos de edadTotalGrupos de edad
PasAoocupados15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64ocupados15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64
Argentina (GBA)199066.476.871.861.260.658.7411875410791073754459
xArgentina (GBA) a/199094.891.195.796.195.496.22875635808678478276
xArgentina (GBA)200257.034.657.768.758.166.43296591983775655294
Argentina - urbano200256.030.255.266.062.166.960611032181814681208536
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198928.614.129.535.434.033.781017526720811050
x200221.88.421.326.726.136.91554335451385272111
Bolivia200214.55.915.518.717.519.33351842865766587291
xBrasil199052.842.359.859.954.043.85660916380160211265576203933
x200147.838.753.153.849.434.571013168811928317890115435416
xChile199066.155.571.269.566.460.642138031370995690354
200064.654.669.966.963.757.45291672149215801048499
x200364.956.269.966.565.058.35706765153216461185578
xCosta Rica199070.159.475.175.674.167.196727929421911560
x200265.352.571.170.066.164.21525345406412260103
xEcuador - urbano199037.721.142.446.739.835.72190498679534314165
x200232.317.134.135.140.238.23251675870865578263
xEl Salvador199526.522.435.828.919.915.21798502478409255154
x200132.923.342.039.131.121.52220573592501355199
El Salvador a/199543.831.551.952.144.440.3106035532421810854
200149.833.957.059.155.742.0133338641429816471
Guatemala200217.814.423.221.913.69.4422514811160793503289
Guatemala a/200236.126.741.047.040.331.4206179965336316483
Mxico198950.642.458.254.249.145.22424169097031513433761790
xMxico a/198959.348.865.565.361.356.9167965268541233721891854
x200255.143.859.860.658.450.62636269347649657536601545
xNicaragua199325.917.933.329.622.719.188024226719811458
x200118.313.223.621.517.312.51757542478369242126
Nicaragua a/199342.428.848.652.042.836.94761401651005022
200133.021.837.340.341.434.79443202951949441
Panam200253.837.155.558.161.255.2107019831528118592
Paraguay200013.56.020.617.512.87.72184602543501351186
Paraguay a/200028.110.237.339.935.133.5103735729621612741
Per200113.04.415.516.715.413.91085625822957254317641011
Rep. Dominicana200244.734.748.647.750.638.4145436444838019567
Uruguay - urbano200263.846.066.268.467.463.51000140237253231138
Venezuela200261.539.663.571.272.866.95279121916601339781280
Promedio simple b/199051.341.456.556.352.047.6
200243.932.048.149.145.742.6
Promedio ponderado b/199054.944.361.461.256.248.1
200249.338.854.355.151.339.9
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
Edades ocupados formales
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS OCUPADOS FORMALES
SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD DECENALES
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
TotalGrupos de edadTotalGrupos de edad
PasAoocupados formales15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64ocupados formales15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64
Argentina (GBA)199089.590.391.687.688.389.22321437667596403218
xArgentina (GBA) a/199096.392.897.197.097.797.42157425629539364200
xArgentina (GBA)200269.350.665.977.171.282.32389333732632483210
Argentina - urbano200268.544.564.875.374.781.4440658313341179916393
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198955.829.954.265.770.167.632058115914116
x200243.317.642.053.252.956.35649919014410130
Bolivia200240.517.339.051.051.049.382115627120814343
xBrasil199096.396.596.796.695.291.9226596363751452202576986
x200174.662.377.780.479.469.236296860310808956154541870
xChile199084.372.686.587.988.084.52471474885590374148
200079.567.481.682.381.276.1351646210771054645278
x200380.668.782.583.483.079.4381154911311091728313
xCosta Rica199087.479.190.591.691.785.65341551761255622
x200286.376.989.390.087.386.982418224822712839
xEcuador - urbano199067.642.471.076.577.871.0103020735227613064
x200257.431.759.162.771.271.11468302416389260101
xEl Salvador199556.745.463.963.055.253.18072422601798541
x200171.656.977.579.175.259.188921729321212047
El Salvador a/199558.646.665.165.559.857.07712352531697737
200173.457.779.080.878.765.085821428620511241
Guatemala200251.144.656.558.248.338.1138846344127813769
Guatemala a/200254.245.858.462.559.642.4129745042425510859
Mxico198957.848.363.562.860.556.9149294790470329261729780
xMxico a/198958.648.564.364.162.658.0145554759460528121638740
x200276.365.378.280.482.577.3167963911522644552334870
xNicaragua199350.941.358.156.045.535.237090131884318
x200147.436.050.755.452.049.06201851991347626
Nicaragua a/199358.644.963.567.759.949.631182115713112
200149.936.752.758.558.260.85841821911266421
Panam200286.271.085.690.492.489.9536801771469835
Paraguay200047.322.957.558.252.543.25791501801418029
Paraguay a/200050.223.659.861.358.354.85461451731347223
Per200139.315.540.449.250.050.631766861037808460185
Rep. Dominicana200249.841.153.651.854.041.9125628239034418060
Uruguay - urbano200288.272.287.592.392.489.95517214514412367
Venezuela200275.556.776.081.983.480.5394872512791092638213
Promedio simple b/199072.760.975.877.676.071.6
200267.451.869.273.572.770.1
Promedio ponderado b/199081.374.984.085.083.178.7
200274.461.976.879.779.472.8
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
Edades asal. informales
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS ASALARIADOS INFORMALES
SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD DECENALES
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
TotalGrupos de edadTotalGrupos de edad
PasAoasalariados informales15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64asalariados informales15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64
Argentina (GBA)199090.187.691.092.987.993.071821017914011476
xArgentina (GBA) a/199090.187.691.092.987.993.071821017914011476
xArgentina (GBA)200224.813.933.931.421.326.690725825114217284
Argentina - urbano200222.711.628.828.022.526.61655448484289292142
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198911.55.314.516.815.123.4157635326114
x20026.31.79.15.818.310.328011578512511
Bolivia20026.32.18.15.916.910.1429170122774218
xBrasil199023.48.329.838.537.829.3154036244388227391627911
x200133.725.037.339.538.738.2123634264345426381457550
xChile199056.743.461.562.660.257.978619825116411360
200053.039.857.053.457.152.884712824125415272
x200350.437.551.651.855.950.186912721525318589
xCosta Rica199050.339.756.458.760.854.6179734930198
x200243.329.449.050.850.759.829410473643717
xEcuador - urbano199017.48.321.828.427.618.9357155100592914
x200212.87.014.915.915.821.76132121811206733
xEl Salvador19953.92.04.66.46.43.529312571493117
x20017.34.37.811.56.610.1475172128935230
El Salvador a/19954.02.14.66.46.43.528912071493117
20017.34.37.811.56.610.1475172128935230
Guatemala20025.22.08.710.02.53.77643492291075523
Guatemala a/20025.22.08.710.02.53.77643492291075523
Mxico198964.152.072.571.252.450.02241509807560252114
xMxico a/198964.152.072.571.252.450.02241509807560252114
x200217.716.019.919.116.116.195653023242321191326674
xNicaragua199311.85.713.914.316.020.5165574929199
x20015.62.39.16.25.67.6363141104683020
Nicaragua a/199311.85.713.914.316.020.5165574929199
20015.62.39.26.25.67.6360139104673020
Panam200229.918.728.635.539.647.01724950422210
Paraguay20003.61.05.95.35.45.9492212123825618
Paraguay a/20003.61.05.95.35.45.9492212123825618
Per20013.10.54.03.29.68.6178375148930216775
Rep. Dominicana200212.012.614.98.47.68.9197825836147
Uruguay - urbano200243.925.845.249.450.348.72164349524527
Venezuela200219.914.521.423.925.823.2133049438124614366
Promedio simple b/199036.628.040.743.340.539.0
200222.415.225.825.825.426.7
Promedio ponderado b/199031.214.539.145.642.536.2
200226.420.129.830.528.527.1
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
Edades no asal. informales
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS NO ASALARIADOS INFORMALES
SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD DECENALES
1990 - 2002Ponderadores
Total noGrupos de edadTotal noGrupos de edad
PasAoasalariados informales15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64asalariados informales15 a 2425 a 3435 a 4445 a 5455 a 64
Argentina (GBA)19901.00.00.51.40.42.51079107233337237165
xArgentina (GBA) a/1990............
xArgentina (GBA)2002............
Argentina - urbano2002............
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198910.47.68.910.711.916.93335599915830
x200210.97.54.912.19.132.971012118318914670
Bolivia20026.03.73.96.75.714.52100516471481402231
xBrasil199024.27.125.131.430.627.01854837734625469634172036
x200112.22.511.315.717.312.12235340135021569146322996
xChile199027.011.824.129.430.137.2956131234242204145
200019.04.914.819.622.624.892881174272251149
x200318.86.214.917.423.125.2102689186302272176
xCosta Rica199047.727.549.252.555.856.82545169654030
x200238.517.536.842.543.647.140759851219547
xEcuador - urbano19908.43.56.810.810.112.180313722619915586
x200210.93.28.811.314.616.91171161273356251130
xEl Salvador19951.00.11.31.31.31.169813514718113896
x20017.11.66.69.09.39.9856184171196184122
El Salvador a/1995............
2001............
Guatemala20020.10.00.10.30.30.02073669490407311196
Guatemala a/2002............
Mxico198931.321.834.133.334.534.570711610152116481395897
xMxico a/1989............
x2002............
xNicaragua19935.82.96.66.76.29.53459487825231
x20011.00.81.50.50.61.777421617516713680
Nicaragua a/1993............
2001............
Panam200217.010.410.317.421.731.73636888936648
Paraguay20000.30.00.50.60.10.41113240240278216139
Paraguay a/2000............
Per20011.80.31.41.32.35.358971145143114331137751
Rep. Dominicana2002............
Uruguay - urbano200224.77.118.725.230.532.02332643576344
Venezuela2002............
Promedio simple b/199017.88.617.420.420.922.9
200214.25.612.115.516.820.8
Promedio ponderado b/199022.87.123.429.128.526.1
200212.32.811.015.417.013.5
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Solo incluye asalariados.
b/ Los promedios incluyen Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
Sexo ocupados
AMRICA LATINA (16 PASES): COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS OCUPADOS SEGN SEXO
1990 - 2002
Ponderadores
TotalHombresTotalMujeresTotalHombresTotalMujeres
PasAohombresFormalesInformalesmujeresFormalesInformaleshombresFormalesInformalesmujeresFormalesInformales
AsalariadosCta. Propia a/AsalariadosCta. Propia a/AsalariadosCta. Propia a/AsalariadosCta. Propia a/
Argentina (GBA)199066.790.695.20.865.987.584.51.4261215243747141506797344365
xArgentina (GBA) b/199096.296.595.2.92.496.184.5.18051431374.1070725344.
xArgentina (GBA)200259.170.527.7.54.667.821.6.17881311477.15091078430.
Argentina - urbano20025970.726.1.52.565.919.2.32352391845.28262015811.
xBolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)198929.152.110.16.327.964.613.114.1469226861563419471176
x200221.740.24.46.922.049.98.513.9840385150305713179130404
Bolivia200213.836.14.64.215.450.48.87.81892567258106714582541711033
xBrasil199054.29616.429.450.596.832.814.5361631516588211217820446749465816370
x200148.471.632.914.747.079.934.28.34178023251479513735292321304575698619
xChile199066.884.257.828.364.784.455.623.3284217533887011371718397256
200065.78054.42062.778.452.016.93338234335164419531173496284
x200366.682.350.819.962.177.550.116.43553248535271521531326517310
xCosta Rica199072.287.252.654.764.787.946.622.86883791111982791556756
x200268.585.545.348.359.388.140.719.4988551169268537273125139
xEcuador - urbano199038.465.215.2936.572.720.57.61398708207483791322150320
x200232.453.711.111.632.065.015.010.119929883496551259480264515
xEl Salvador199526.652.13.11.326.266.05.30.71099541183375699266111322
x200130.964.76435.983.89.510.31306568301437914320174420
El Salvador b/199541.154.43.2.48.667.05.3.689511178.371260111.
200145.166.86.58.084.89.5.843543301.490315174.
Guatemala200218.447.140.116.761.47.70.1266499551911501561393245923
Guatemala b/200233.750.44.41.663.57.7.1437918519.624379245.
Mxico198947.254.372.825.359.167.854.345.51725411076118649916987385210552080
xMxico b/198956.955.272.8.65.268.254.3.11941107551186.485537991055.
x200252.973.417.59.182.019.0.17210109716240.915158263326.
xNicaragua199323.34811.54.230.856.112.29.8577236952463031347099
x200116.340.35.70.621.961.75.41.61127415237474630205126300
Nicaragua b/199339.451.911.5.47.973.112.2.30721295.1699970.
200128.542.35.7.41.965.25.5.627391237.317193124.
Panam200248.6832713.263.491.833.428.1700337932693711997893
Paraguay200013.141.44.60.414.258.92.40.21334385275674850193217439
Paraguay b/200027.144.14.6.29.862.12.4.637362275.401184217.
Per20011537.432.710.443.13.20.96084214110352908477210357482989
Rep. Dominicana200243.448.710.8.46.651.513.9.876755122.57750276.
Uruguay - urbano200263.686.746.424.664.090.442.324.85733328216042621913473
Venezuela20025872.515.5.67.180.426.9.32362413823.20421535507.
Promedio simple c/199051.570.737.219.051.077.036.113.3
200244.164.722.315.143.872.922.711.4
Promedio ponderado c/199055.579.026.227.653.786.337.613.9
200249.471.723.714.549.179.229.28.9
Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ Incluye cuenta propia no profesionales, trabajadores no remunerados y empleadores de microempresa.
b/ Solo incluye asalariados.
c/ Los promedios incluyen Argentina (GBA), Bolivia (8 ciudades principales y El Alto), Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica,
Ecuador urbano, El Salvador, Mxico y Nicaragua.
Se incluyen las definiciones/coberturas ms amplias que son comparables en dos momentos del tiempo.
En el caso de la columna "Cta. propia", no se incluye Argentina (GBA) ni Mxico.
datos
COBERTURA DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL SEGN POSICIN OCUPACIONAL Y SEXO
PasAoTotal ocupadosZonas urbanasAsalariados urbanosPEA urbana% urbanoTabla Titelman - NacionalUrbanosOcupadosNacionalUrbano
TotalZonaOcupadosAsalariadosCuentaSinCon contratoSin contrato y c. temporalFormalesInformalesFormalesInformalesNacionalUrbanoRuralHombresMujeresHombresMujeres
nacionalUrbanoRuralInformalesFormalesHombresMujeresPblicosPrivadospropiaContratoTotalIndefinidoOtrosAsalariadosCta. PropiaAsalariadosCta. Propia
ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato66.436.689.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-66.765.992.496.21.00.062.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-89.590.11.089.590.1166.466.765.9
ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato94.890.196.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-96.292.492.496.20.094.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-96.390.1.96.390.1.94.896.292.4
Argentina - 2002 - Gran Buenos Aires / slo obreros y empleados57.024.869.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-59.154.662.255.34.566.267.94.5Otro57.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-17.469.324.8.69.324.8.5759.154.6
Argentina - 2002 / slo obreros y empleados56.022.768.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-59.052.565.651.85.566.069.15.5Otro56.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-21.368.522.7.68.522.7.565952.5
Bolivia - 1989 / sin contrato28.610.855.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-29.127.979.023.910.90.025.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-55.811.510.455.811.510.428.629.127.9
Bolivia - 2002 - Ocho ciudades ppales + El Alto21.89.643.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-21.722.069.621.110.910.064.386.010.0Otro21.2CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-80.943.36.310.943.36.310.921.821.722
Bolivia - 200214.521.24.69.442.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-20.522.070.619.910.19.865.687.39.8Otro20.6CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-81.240.56.36.042.86.810.414.521.24.613.815.420.522
Brasil - 1990 / sin pblico / sin contrato indefinido52.863.820.433.097.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-66.958.823.329.499.3Otro60.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-96.323.424.297.829.136.952.863.820.454.250.566.958.8
Brasil - 2001 - TAMEST=carteira / sin contrato indefinido47.854.317.424.778.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-55.053.287.663.018.230.2100.0Otro48.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-74.633.712.278.334.417.147.854.317.448.4475553.2
CHILE CASEN - NOVIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato indefinido / sin pblico66.169.846.842.986.4CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-72.065.930.343.389.1Otro63.7CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-84.356.727.086.458.829.666.169.846.866.864.77265.9
Chile - 200064.667.146.336.781.1CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-69.064.191.577.120.527.895.096.627.8Otro59.7CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-35.979.55319.081.153.721.164.667.146.365.762.76964.1
Chile - 200364.967.048.834.881.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-69.463.390.477.820.029.196.088.531.2Otro60.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-30.780.650.418.881.650.820.764.96748.866.662.169.463.3
COSTA RICA - 1990 / sin contrato70.173.867.046.189.1CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-76.169.696.276.639.2Sin71.2CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-87.450.347.789.151.642.270.173.86772.264.776.169.6
Costa Rica - 2002 / no hay variable sobre contrato65.368.260.538.487.7CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-71.463.298.173.833.2Sin64.6CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-86.343.338.587.743.33565.368.260.568.559.371.463.2
Ecuador - SEPTIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato37.711.267.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-38.436.591.640.48.90.035.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-67.617.48.467.617.48.437.738.436.5
Ecuador - 200232.311.657.4CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-32.432.088.034.211.513.673.972.413.6Otro30.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-75.257.412.810.957.412.810.932.332.432
El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato26.536.510.63.168.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-40.032.277.650.51.2Sin36.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-56.73.91.068.56.31.726.536.510.626.626.24032.2
El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido32.943.414.511.078.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-43.643.293.453.110.8Sin40.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-71.67.37.178.510.91132.943.414.530.935.943.643.2
El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato43.856.120.16.571.3CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-55.557.177.650.5Sin56.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-58.64.71.36.5.43.856.120.141.148.655.557.1
El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido49.860.526.010.980.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-56.866.093.453.1Sin60.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-73.47.3.80.610.9.49.860.52645.15856.866
Guatemala - 200217.831.18.53.463.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-32.828.976.047.30.330.579.985.230.5Otro31.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-64.751.15.20.163.6100.317.831.18.518.416.732.828.9
Guatemala - 200236.150.920.710.067.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-49.353.576.047.330.579.985.230.5Otro50.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-64.754.25.2.67.810.36.150.920.733.741.649.353.5
MEXICO - TERCER TRIMESTRE 1989 / sin pblico50.656.738.945.662.0CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-53.363.733.832.178.881.732.1Otro55.7CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-45.357.864.131.36267.732.550.656.738.947.259.153.363.7
MEXICO - TERCER TRIMESTRE 1989 / sin pblico59.363.846.767.763.1CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-61.668.332.178.881.732.1Otro63.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-45.358.664.1.63.167.7.59.363.846.756.965.261.668.3
Mxico - 2002 / solo asalariados55.164.830.825.581.9CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-64.565.393.858.218.891.994.818.8Otro64.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-50.076.317.7.81.925.5.55.164.830.852.959.164.565.3
NICARAGUA - 1993 / sin contrato25.936.311.611.559.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-37.035.482.335.111.0Sin31.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-50.911.85.859.514.39.625.936.311.623.330.83735.4
Nicaragua - 2001 / sin contrato18.325.17.63.653.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-24.525.978.531.11.1Sin25.1CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-47.45.61.053.87.41.318.325.17.616.321.924.525.9
NICARAGUA - 1993 / sin contrato42.451.523.514.368.7CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-50.453.282.335.1Sin51.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-58.611.8.68.714.3.42.451.523.539.447.950.453.2
Nicaragua - 2001 / sin contrato33.039.717.37.456.7CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-35.546.878.531.1Sin39.7CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-49.95.6.56.77.4.3339.717.328.541.935.546.8
Panam - 200253.866.629.330.688.4CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-63.671.197.571.926.227.889.692.627.8Otro60.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-33.086.229.917.088.436.526.453.866.629.348.663.463.671.1
Paraguay - 2000 / sin contrato13.520.25.02.148.9CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-20.919.480.221.30.0Sin20.2CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-47.33.60.348.94.10.813.520.2513.114.220.919.4
Paraguay - 2000 / sin contrato28.132.416.74.152.2CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-33.031.780.221.3Sin32.4CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-50.23.6.52.24.1.28.132.416.727.129.83331.7
Per - 2001 / sin contrato13.018.72.63.443.8CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-21.615.166.321.93.7Sin17.9CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-39.33.11.843.83.83.21318.72.61510.421.615.1
Rep. Dominicana - 2002 / sin contrato indefinido (ojo con SS) / cotiza? solo empleados y obreros44.748.032.714.852.6CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-47.748.447.559.3Otro48.0CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-58.149.812.52.614.8.44.74832.743.446.647.748.4
Uruguay - 2002 / sin contrato63.833.988.2CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-63.664.098.969.424.20.052.8CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-88.243.924.788.243.924.763.863.664
Venezuela - 2002 - Slo nacional / sin contrato61.519.975.5CUADRO 3.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-58.067.188.352.30.061.5CUADRO 5.A -Ocupados de 15 a 64 aos de edad-75.519.9.75.519.9.61.55867.1
datosyponderadores1
% SS% SSNacional
PonderadoresPonderadores%SSPonderadores
controlTotal nacional - total ocupadosTotal nacional - formalesTotal nacional - informales asalariadosTotal nacional - informales no asalariadosTotal nacional - total ocupadosTotal nacional - formalesTotal nacional - informales asalariadosTotal nacional - informales no asalariadosTotal nacional - total ocupadosTotal nacional - formalesTotal nacional - informales asalariadosTotal nacional - informales no asalariadosTotal nacional - total ocupadosTotal nacional - formalesTotal nacional - informales asalariadosTotal nacional - informales no asalariadosHombresMujeresHombresMujeres
totalq1q2q3q4q5totalq1q2q3q4q5totalq1q2q3q4q5totalq1q2q3q4q5totalq1q2q3q4q5totalq1q2q3q4q5totalq1q2q3q4q5totalq1q2q3q4q5Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64Total15-2425-3435-4445-5455-64TotalFormalesInformalesTotalFormalesInformalesTotalFormalesInformalesTotalFormalesInformales
AsalariadosCta. Propia b/AsalariadosCta. Propia b/AsalariadosCta. Propia b/AsalariadosCta. Propia b/
Argentina (GBA)ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contratoQ566.480.677.671.469.151.489.595.995.694.594.576.990.195.190.689.191.385.213.32.10.60.70.804118.254118.25384.37589.07812.361068.4512642321.022321.02211.22339.39449.88626.24694.29717.86717.85110.71144.11172.2158.35132.491079.371079.3762.44105.57190.28283.85437.23ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato66.476.871.861.260.658.789.590.391.687.688.389.290.187.69192.987.993100.51.40.42.54118.244118.25753.651078.581073754.43458.582321.022321.02436.72666.59596.14403.21218.36717.86717.85210.3178.65139.51113.8675.541079.371079.37106.63233.34337.35237.36164.69ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato66.790.695.20.865.987.584.51.42612.241524.45373.66714.131506796.57344.19365.24
Argentina (GBA) a/ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contratoQ594.8969593.395.694.596.396.596.99596.796.790.195.190.689.191.385.2......02874.552874.55320.79478.88620.05770.26684.572156.692156.69210.08334.77447.85611.91552.08717.86717.85110.71144.11172.2158.35132.490......ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato94.891.195.796.195.496.296.392.897.19797.797.490.187.69192.987.993......2874.552874.54634.97807.61678.25478.14275.582156.692156.69424.67628.96538.74364.28200.04717.86717.85210.3178.65139.51113.8675.540......ARGENTINA - OCTUBRE 1990 /solo G. Bs. As. / sin Pblico / sin contrato96.296.595.2.92.496.184.5.1804.871431.21373.66.1069.67725.48344.19.
Argentina (GBA)Argentina - 2002 - Gran Buenos Aires / slo obreros y empleadosQ55713.841.363.865.77569.316.555.874.982.68324.8817.529.627.239.8......03296.493296.49412.62585.28655.08757.37886.142389.482389.47281.2364.49494.85527.02721.92907.02907.02131.42220.79160.23230.36164.220......Argentina - 2002 - Gran Buenos Aires / slo obreros y empleados5734.657.768.758.166.469.350.665.977.171.282.324.813.933.931.421.326.6......3296.483296.49590.59982.67774.51654.8293.912389.472389.47332.68731.77632.44482.65209.93907.02907.02257.91250.91142.07172.1583.980......Argentina - 2002 - Gran Buenos Aires / slo obreros y empleados59.170.527.7.54.667.821.6.1787.741311.16476.58.1508.751078.31430.44.
Argentina - urbanoArgentina - 2002 / slo obreros y empleadosQ55615.238.357.766.476.168.520.150.970.381.384.622.75.615.92426.739.3......06060.866060.86779.781022.771197.211422.041639.064405.584405.58514.22654.39871.521034.421331.031655.271655.27265.56368.38325.69387.62308.020......Argentina - 2002 / slo obreros y empleados5630.255.26662.166.968.544.564.875.374.781.422.711.628.82822.526.6......6060.856060.861031.631817.781467.741208.14535.564405.594405.58583.361333.71178.73916.46393.341655.271655.27448.27484.08289.01291.69142.220......Argentina - 2002 / slo obreros y empleados5970.726.1.52.565.919.2.3235.22390.68844.52.2825.652014.9810.75.
Bolivia (8 ciudades ppales.)Bolivia - 1989 / sin contratoQ528.624.325.227.42833.655.847.454.358.753.658.911.512.26.311.110.815.310.411.38.78.411.312.20809.93809.9381.8141.26165.41197.39224.07320.26320.2628.8252.5160.6878.2999.96157.0115720.7827.9932.3533.0242.87332.67332.6732.260.7672.3986.0881.24Bolivia - 1989 / sin contrato28.614.129.535.43433.755.829.954.265.770.167.611.55.314.516.815.123.410.47.68.910.711.916.9809.94809.93175.15267.48208.15109.6149.55320.27320.2657.7115.1390.5640.9615.92157.0115762.5652.8926.4111.084.07332.67332.6754.8999.4691.1857.5829.56Bolivia - 1989 / sin contrato29.152.110.16.327.964.613.114.1468.69225.9386.33156.43341.2494.3370.67176.24
Bolivia - 2002 - Ocho ciudades ppales + El AltoQ521.84.811.21623.742.643.319.123.732.942.161.56.30.75.87.67.27.810.92.55.87.31625.901553.61553.6217.38272.12321.4367.87374.83563.77563.7733.5681.57108.31136.59203.74280.23280.2237.1346.7660.7181.5354.1709.6709.6146.69143.79152.38149.75116.99Bolivia - 2002 - Ocho ciudades ppales + El Alto21.88.421.326.726.136.943.317.64253.252.956.36.31.79.15.818.310.310.97.54.912.19.132.91553.611553.6334.63450.85384.86271.79111.48563.78563.7798.67190.27144.43100.5329.88280.22280.22115.3977.7351.124.7811.22709.6709.6120.57182.85189.32146.4970.37Bolivia - 2002 - Ocho ciudades ppales + El Alto21.740.24.46.92249.98.513.9840.45385.01150305.44713.15178.76130.22404.17
BoliviaBolivia - 2002Q514.53.26.310.316.230.340.515.52130.937.756.76.31.75.98.26.47.16233.88.514.10.013350.643350.63524.83625.93660.34744.75794.79821.32821.3345.78104.09146204.46320.99428.99428.9951.0767.2780.63123.44106.582100.312100.32427.97454.57433.7416.85367.22Bolivia - 200214.55.915.518.717.519.340.517.339515149.36.32.18.15.916.910.163.73.96.75.714.53350.633350.63842.19864.95765.79586.66291.04821.33821.33156.41271.49207.92142.9342.58428.99428.99170.14122.276.9741.9917.692100.332100.32515.65471.27480.91401.74230.76Bolivia - 200213.836.14.64.215.450.48.87.81892.23567.2257.591067.441458.39254.12171.391032.88
BrasilBrasil - 1990 / sin pblico / sin contrato indefinidoQ552.828.441.551.458.468.796.396.796.396.596.395.923.48.313.317.725.948.424.25.211.318.327.845.8056609.156609.17040.210030.311834.113184.51452022658.722658.71705.93487.55026.65979.66459.115402.515402.52482.53231.33262.13181.6324518547.918547.92851.83311.53545.44023.34815.9Brasil - 1990 / sin pblico / sin contrato indefinido52.842.359.859.95443.896.396.596.796.695.291.923.48.329.838.537.829.324.27.125.131.430.62756609.156609.116379.816021.412654.77619.93933.322658.722658.76362.77514.25219.82575.8986.215402.515402.56244.33881.82738.71627910.718547.918547.93772.84625.44696.23417.12036.4Brasil - 1990 / sin pblico / sin contrato indefinido54.29616.429.450.596.832.814.536163.415164.68821.312177.520445.77494.16581.26370.4
Brasil - 2001 - TAMEST=carteira / sin contrato indefinidoQ547.820.136.147.255.663.574.649.666.174.279.481.333.715.526.335.344.149.612.22.14.29.11626.9-0.0571012.4571012.58975.1512549.815154.816714.71761836295.94362962827.325427.547607.399255.5911178.112363.2312363.22036.112909.173106.32701.311610.3422353.322353.34111.724213.124441.114757.834829.52Brasil - 2001 - TAMEST=carteira / sin contrato indefinido47.838.753.153.849.434.574.662.377.780.479.469.233.72537.339.538.738.212.22.511.315.717.312.171012.5371012.516880.519283.117890.411542.95415.6336295.94362968603.410807.79560.895454.051869.912363.2212363.24264.183454.032638.161457.12549.7322353.3122353.34012.95021.335691.394631.692996Brasil - 2001 - TAMEST=carteira / sin contrato indefinido48.471.632.914.74779.934.28.341780.423251.34794.6713734.529232.113044.77568.558618.8
ChileCHILE CASEN - NOVIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato indefinido / sin pblicoQ566.151.86365.76872.784.376.182.183.78786.356.7385455.859.773.32715.417.825.227.137.304212.854212.85482.16696.21884.341004.561145.582471.032471.04237.62400.54527.05594.88710.94785.56785.56138.03157.61163.95166.24159.73956.24956.25106.5138.06193.33243.44274.91CHILE CASEN - NOVIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato indefinido / sin pblico66.155.571.269.566.460.684.372.686.587.98884.556.743.461.562.660.257.92711.824.129.430.137.24212.854212.85803.21370.04995.41690.46353.742471.042471.04474.16884.78589.74373.96148.4785.56785.56197.59251.15163.94112.6260.26956.26956.25131.45234.11241.73203.88145.09CHILE CASEN - NOVIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato indefinido / sin pblico66.884.257.828.364.784.455.623.32842.281753.39388.18700.711370.57717.65397.38255.54
Chile - 2000Q564.645.459.76667.872.679.564.777.581.682.881.75329.547.956.458.272.2196.29.2162033.505290.735290.73641.28913.841084.781230.481420.353515.683515.68370.21566.69713.62838.341026.82846.85846.85150.83192.34184.55161.09158.04928.2928.2120.24154.82186.6231.05235.49Chile - 200064.654.669.966.963.757.479.567.481.682.381.276.15339.85753.457.152.8194.914.819.622.624.85290.725290.73671.561491.811580.411047.85499.093515.683515.68462.321076.851054.32644.59277.6846.85846.85128.04240.57254.18152.0572.01928.2928.281.2174.4271.91251.21149.48Chile - 200065.78054.42062.778.45216.93338.112342.91351.16644.041952.621172.77495.69284.16
Chile - 2003Q564.950.36064.568.171.480.671.378.781.583.681.750.430.943.750.556.870.618.85.48.913.418.533.3-0.015705.665705.67646.65962.321171.71359.261565.733811.223811.21380.43611.57772.99930.21116.03868.82868.83155.21186.41194.66179.85152.691025.631025.62111.01164.34204.06249.21297.01Chile - 200364.956.269.966.56558.380.668.782.583.48379.450.437.551.651.855.950.118.86.214.917.423.125.25705.665705.677651531.711645.71185.38577.873811.23811.21549.371130.511090.73727.77312.82868.84868.83126.75214.83253.06185.1389.071025.611025.6288.88186.37301.9272.48175.98Chile - 200366.682.350.819.962.177.550.116.43552.792485.18352.18715.432152.871326.03516.65310.2
Costa RicaCOSTA RICA - 1990 / sin contratoQ570.159.465.167.272.776.787.477.484.485.789.589.750.352.85244.849.854.347.748.746.347.146.449.60966.84966.84106.89154.13192.66233.19279.97533.81533.835.8970.85102.53139185.54178.6178.628.6635.6942.6438.7832.83254.44254.4442.3447.647.4955.4161.6COSTA RICA - 1990 / sin contrato70.159.475.175.674.167.187.479.190.591.691.785.650.339.756.458.760.854.647.727.549.252.555.856.8966.84966.83278.74293.99218.88114.8560.38533.8533.8155.16175.83124.5555.9422.32178.6178.67349.2429.6118.767.99254.43254.4450.5768.9264.7240.1530.07COSTA RICA - 1990 / sin contrato72.287.252.654.764.787.946.622.8688.34379.11111.21198.01278.5154.6967.3856.43
Costa Rica - 2002 / no hay variable sobre contratoQ565.349.658.263.766.275.186.376.884.786.185.388.943.34039.339.846.849.938.540.740.238.634.738.101525.141525.14160.45245.8303.97366.11448.81823.9823.8940.12100.53158.8209.78314.67294.35294.3535.5563.8766.3875.8552.7406.89406.8984.7881.478.7880.4981.44Costa Rica - 2002 / no hay variable sobre contrato65.352.571.17066.164.286.376.989.39087.386.943.329.44950.850.759.838.517.536.842.543.647.11525.131525.14344.82405.67412.02259.78102.84823.9823.89182.36248.17226.71127.8738.79294.35294.35103.7372.6264.0237.316.68406.87406.8958.7284.88121.394.6147.36Costa Rica - 2002 / no hay variable sobre contrato68.585.545.348.359.388.140.719.4987.96550.6169.13268.23537.17273.29125.23138.65
EcuadorEcuador - SEPTIEMBRE 1990 / sin contratoQ537.719.226.131.338.556.467.654.456.559.267.777.617.419.412.815.615.823.98.45.54.67.76.618.202189.772189.77270.88353.82438.73511.56614.781029.681029.6763.34135.8188.41254.06388.07356.91356.9143.3268.0882.1186.3277.08803.21803.2164.22149.95168.22171.19149.63Ecuador - SEPTIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato37.721.142.446.739.835.767.642.47176.577.87117.48.321.828.427.618.98.43.56.810.810.112.12189.782189.77498.35678.69534.04313.52165.181029.661029.67206.76352.35276.18129.9364.44356.91356.91154.54100.4258.7528.7814.42803.2803.2137.05225.91199.11154.886.33Ecuador - SEPTIEMBRE 1990 / sin contrato38.465.215.2936.572.720.57.61398.35707.64207.26483.45791.42322.02149.65319.75
Ecuador - 2002Q532.311.118.825.133.754.557.429.939.848.258.17412.85.56.612.215.428.810.93.95.77.88.72503251.193251.19407.8552.39640.41773.19877.41467.911467.9105.88207.87258.87373.92521.37612.78612.78106.48144.93141.22131.6788.481170.511170.52195.44199.59240.32267.6267.56Ecuador - 200232.317.134.135.140.238.257.431.759.162.771.271.112.8714.915.915.821.710.93.28.811.314.616.93251.23251.19675.37870.42864.59577.87262.951467.911467.9302.34415.79389.18260.06100.54612.78612.78212.19181.2119.866.7432.851170.521170.52160.84273.43355.62251.07129.56Ecuador - 200232.453.711.111.632651510.11992.44988.15349.19655.11258.75479.75263.58515.42
El SalvadorEl Salvador - 1995 / sin contratoQ526.58.816.322.130.439.856.738.443.248.458.467.73.92.334.24.25.110.20.40.70.72.9-0.011798.161798.17223.94294.66347.77419.28512.51806.81806.8148.63105.79151.07211.54289.78293.47293.4834.261.7164.3866.3266.86697.88697.89141.11127.16132.32141.42155.87El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato26.522.435.828.919.915.256.745.463.96355.253.13.924.66.46.43.510.11.31.31.31.11798.181798.17502.37477.6409.13254.72154.36806.82806.81241.83259.89178.7785.0741.26293.48293.48125.1570.7649.4531.2516.87697.88697.89135.39146.95180.91138.3996.24El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato26.652.13.11.326.2665.30.71098.93540.78182.66375.49699.25266.03110.82322.4
El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinidoQ532.911.516.829.536.152.971.651.752.965.772.183.17.31.745.58.715.27.12.12.278.515.30.012220.112220.1297.45362.14440.45511.36608.71888.51888.5157.21100.45171.41221.29338.15475.16475.1661.03100.49112.14111.8389.67856.43856.43179.21161.2156.89178.24180.89El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido32.923.34239.131.121.571.656.977.579.175.259.17.34.37.811.56.610.17.11.66.699.39.92220.112220.1572.66591.76501.36355.42198.91888.5888.51216.82293.08211.86119.6347.11475.16475.16171.92127.8693.3752.0929.92856.43856.43183.92170.81196.13183.7121.87El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido30.964.76435.983.89.510.31305.62568.12300.67436.84914.48320.39174.49419.6
El Salvador a/El Salvador - 1995 / sin contratoQ543.824.429.236.246.557.758.640.644.750.26070.342.33.14.34.35.2......01059.951059.9579.71162.71207.29270.85339.39771.38771.3746.07102.18144.13205.54273.46288.57288.5833.6460.5363.1565.3165.940......El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato43.831.551.952.144.440.358.646.665.165.559.85742.14.66.46.43.5......1059.961059.95355.37323.98218.35108.2454.02771.37771.37234.99253.34168.976.9937.15288.58288.58120.3870.6349.4531.2516.870......El Salvador - 1995 / sin contrato41.154.43.2.48.6675.3.689510.99178.02.370.95260.38110.56.
El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinidoQ549.826.228.542.951.47073.453.253.968.473.585.17.31.745.58.715.2......-0.011332.911332.92116.33197.98276.15327.54414.91857.76857.7655.3197.49164.01215.71325.24475.16475.1661.03100.49112.14111.8389.670......El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido49.833.95759.155.74273.457.77980.878.7657.34.37.811.56.610.1......1332.921332.92385.79413.79298.39163.6771.28857.77857.76213.87285.93205.03111.5841.36475.16475.16171.92127.8693.3752.0929.920......El Salvador - 2001 / sin contrato indefinido45.166.86.5884.89.5.843.33542.67300.67.489.59315.1174.49.
GuatemalaGuatemala - 2002Q517.84.71517.123.32451.123.345.546.958.560.55.20.865.27.86.80.1000.100.40.014225.254225.24655.74775.34865.51926.731001.931387.911387.92126.56236.62296.74349.33378.66763.99764165.23148.39159.51149.63141.232073.332073.33363.94390.33409.25427.77482.04Guatemala - 200217.814.423.221.913.69.451.144.656.558.248.338.15.228.7102.53.70.100.10.30.304225.254225.241480.91159.68792.55503.25288.871387.931387.92462.66440.96278.14137.2568.92764764349.02228.96107.2955.2723.462073.322073.33669.22489.75407.13310.73196.49Guatemala - 200218.