neuromorfologÍa: el modelo declarativo- procesal 28 mar 2011 – dÍa 30 neurolingüística del...
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NEUROMORFOLOGÍA: EL MODELO DECLARATIVO-PROCESAL28 MAR 2011 – DÍA 30Neurolingüística del español
SPAN 4270
Harry Howard
Tulane University
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ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO
http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/SPAN4130-Neurospan/
El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia.
Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca.
Human Research Protection Program http://tulane.edu/asvpr/irb/index.cfm Before beginning research at Tulane University,
all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at www.citiprogram.org.
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REPASOLa prueba es el repaso
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TAXONOMY OF MEMORY
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SUMMARY
is memory for habits & skills
learns rule-like relations in a context
learns quickly, from a single presentation
is not available to other mental modules (= informationally encapsulated)
is mostly unconscious (implicit)
is memory for facts & events
learns arbitrary relations
learns slowly, from many presentations
is available to other mental modules (≠ informationally encapsulated)
is mostly conscious (explicit)
Procedural memory Declarative memory
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THE NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF DECLARATIVE MEMORY
medial temporal lobe structures hippocampal region (the
dentate gyrus, the subicular complex, and the hippocampus itself)
its input/output cortices: entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex
some subcortical structures, such as thalamus
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THE HIPPOCAMPUS
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GENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
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BASIC SCHEME OF INFORMATION FLOW THROUGH THE BASAL GANGLIA
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THE DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL MODEL OF LANGUAGE
The declarative memory system subserves the lexicon.
The procedural memory system subserves grammar.
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DECLARATIVE MEMORY & THE LEXICON stores all arbitrary, idiosyncratic word-specific
knowledge, including word meanings, word sounds, and abstract representations such as word category
includes representations of simple (non-derivable) words such as cat, bound morphemes such as -ed, irregular morphological forms, verb complements, and idioms
also contains complex forms and abstract structures that are “regular”
supports a superpositional associative memory, which allows for generalizations across representations. For example, the memorization of phonologically similar stem-irregular past tense pairs (e.g. spring – sprang, sing – sang) may allow for memory-based generalization to new irregularizations, either from real words (bring – brang) or from novel ones (spling – splang). This ability to generalize could underlie some degree of productivity within the memory system
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PROCEDURAL MEMORY & GRAMMAR underlies the learning of new, and the
computation of already-learned, rule-based procedures that govern the regularities of language
particularly those procedures related to combining items into complex structures that have precedence (sequential) and hierarchical relations
builds rule-governed structure, i.e. the sequential and hierarchical combination – “merging” or concatenation – of forms and representations into complex structures: syntax (word order) inflectional and derivational morphology – at least for
default “regulars” but also for irregulars that appear to be affixed
phonology (the combination of sounds) compositional semantics (the meaning of the
composition of words into complex structures)
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GENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
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NEUROMORFOLOGÍA
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RUTAS SENCILLA VS. DUAL
En un modelo de ruta sencilla, todas las palabras se reconocen por medio del mismo mecanismo: como palabras enteras en modelos que no hacen
una segmentación, o como morfemas sueltas en modelos que hacen
una segmentación. En un modelo de ruta dual
algunas palabras pasan por una segmentación y otras no, o
todas las palabras pasan tanto por una segmentación como por una analisis como unidad.
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¿QUÉ PALABRAS NECESITAN SEMENTACIÓN?
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EL PRÓXIMO DÍAMás neuromorfología
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