mi mejor amigo
DESCRIPTION
Es un libro de miniatura, dirigido a adolescentes y jóvenes. Mediante un lenguaje sencillo y ágil sus páginas nos alertan sobre problemáticas tan sensibles como la violencia familiar, el acoso sexual, la trata de personas, el machismo, la violencia en el enamoramiento, el embarazo en adolescentes, el bullying, entre otros, con el objetivo de prevenir situaciones de risgo y la vulneración de derechos. Además, contiene información sobre diversos servicios públicos para adolescentes y jóvenes. “Mi mejor amigo” ha sido elaborado en el marco de la intervención “Prevención de la violencia familiar y sexual, embarazo y trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual” que implementan el MIMP/PNCVFS y Minedu en instituciones educativas de educación secundaria del Perú. Tuve el grato honor de coordinar esta edición y ser coautora, junto al equipo de profesionales que dirigen esta estrategia. MIMP (2015) Mi mejor amigo. Lima: PNCVFS (400 páginas).TRANSCRIPT
!"#$%&'(#)$"*'!!!!
"#$#%&'(#)! *'! +,! "-.'(! /! 0)1+,2#)$'%!
3-+$'(,1+'%
!!!!!0()4(,5,!6,2#)$,+!7)$&(,!+,!3#)+'$2#,!
8,5#+#,(!/!9':-,+;7<6=>?<
@$#*,*! *'! 0('A'$2#B$! /! 0()5)2#B$!
>$&'4(,+!8('$&'!,! +,!3#)+'$2#,!8,5#+#,(!/!
9':-,+
!"#$%&#'()*+
C+,$2,!7)$&('(,%!0,('*'%
D+A,!7,2E,F-,(,/!9-G('H
?,1/!>&-((#H,4,!"'*#$,
?'(,(*)!",(#$!IBJ'H
K)%L!M'/'%!")(#
0#+,(!9#N-'$&'%!O-,J,/,
,%"#$%&#'()*+
?+)(#,!PG(,&'!?-&#L(('H
C'&F/!O'($G$*'H!Q)5#$4-'H
-./(0()*+
9)$#,!=,5,/)!C'($'*)!R
!"#$%&'()*+,-%!.!/*%-0+!1'23*)+4
?#%'++,!C,%%)!Q'!S5,&
1.'2%3 ."3 4.5)0(6%3 7.8#"3 .*3 "#3
9($"(%6.'#3 :#'(%*#"3 ;."3 <.&=3
>?@AB@C>DA
EF5&.0%3.*+
3>7<!>"0MD9<MD9!
Q'T!3#2&)(!7)(('*)(!7F,$#
K(U!SHG$4,()!6V!WXY!>$&U!X!I#5,U
Z(,U!'*#2#B$
=#(,.'T!WY[[!'.'5J+,('%
Q#2#'51('!*'!\[Z]
!
4 5
!"##$%&'()!"#!$%&!!"#$%&"#$'&()*+$,&'(!$)*+,!-#!+&!)-!#.*+/#!
!"##$%&'*)!0)+1#!&)2+,(,!'(!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!
!"##$%&'+)!74!341(!/4+-+!3('#,8!$4!5)+,2#!-#!/4+-+!2,+54#!
,-&."&$/-0
0,+&+-/(549-
!"##$%&'1)!:$#!!&4-!34#'+-54(!
!"##$%&'2)!;43#!$4!&+<)('41(1!5#-!,+&2#-&(.4'41(1!
!"##$%&'3)!=#$.,+&!2#,!,+'(54#-+&!4>)('4/(,4(&!?!&4-!34#'+-54(!!
@
AB
CD!!
ABD
AEB
BFG!!
BED
6 7
!"##$%&'4)!0#,!)-(!5#-343+-54(!(-./"#.-&,0&1-&+&5)+'(!
!"##$%&'5)!H+,3454#&!1+!5#-&+*+,I(!?!(?)1(!(!(1#'+&5+-/+&
2#31#)4*-"/-
!
FJB
F@D
FGG!!
8 9
/#1(! 6#,$(! 1+! $('/,(/#!+-! /)! 341(! ?! (2,+-1+,! (!14&6,)/(,! 1+! ,+'(54#-+&!(6+5/43(&! .(&(1(&! +-! '(!()/#+&/4$(!?!+'!,+&2+/#K
L+! 4-34/($#&! (! ,+5#,,+,!&)&! 2%>4-(&! ?! 1+&2+*(,!1)1(&! &#.,+! +'! +-($#,(M$4+-/#8! '(!&+<)('41(18!5#M0).,*&.56)&7,&6-0#"#,78-0&!2,#.'+$%/45(&! 5#$#! +'!$(5N4&$#8! +'! (5#&#! &+M
!9)1-'& :1& ;#0#78,*#)& <,&
'(! 7)*+,! ?! 0#.'(54#-+&!;)'-+,(.'+&! O! 7P70! (!/,(3Q&! 1+'! 0,#>,($(!"(54#-('! R#-/,(! '(!;4#'+-54(! S($4'4(,! ?!H+<)('!2#-+!+-!/)&!$(-#&!+'! $4-4'4.,#! T74! $+*#,!($4>#U8! )-(! 2).'45(549-!+'(.#,(1(! +&2+54('$+-/+!2(,(!/48!1#-1+!+-5#-/,(,%&!4-6#,$(549-! ?! 5#-&+*#&!V/4'+&! 2(,(! 2,+3+-4,!
10 11
<)('!+-!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&!?! '(! /,(/(! 1+! 2+,&#-(&!.)0& "#0,7& <,& ,=(1)8-.#50&
7,=$-1%&+$,&->,.8-0&-&6$M5N(&! 5N45(&! ?! 5N45#&! 1+!-)+&/,#!2(I&K!L($.4Q-!2#M1,%&!&(.+,!59$#!(6,#-/(,!'(!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!?!5#M-#5+,!$%&!&#.,+!/)&!1+,+M.?)7&@&1-7&0)*6-7&+$,&8,&
2,#/+>+-! 6,+-/+! (! +&/(! ?!#/,(&!6#,$(&!1+!34#'+-54(K!0)+1+&! 5#$2(,/4,! &)&!
$+-&(*+&!5#-!/)&!($4>(&!?!($4>#&8!2)+&!$4+-/,(&!$%&! 4-6#,$(549-!$(-+M*+-8! $%&! 2,+3+-41#&! ?!2,+3+-41(&! +&/(,%-! 1+!7#8$-.#)0,7& +$,& *,(*,M&+-/+-! )-! ,4+&>#K! W$(/+8!2,#/+>+! /)! 341(! ?! /)!5)+,2#K! X+5)+,1(! &4+$M(*,& +$,& !"#$%$&' ($)$*+,'
-'.#.#)'/#0)$'($'.#,/$%*#-1
1414 15
6789'"0'":'
"&;<-=;<$"&.->
Y&!)-!+&/(1#!1+! 4')&49-8!(/,(5549-! ?! ($#,! N(54(!)8*-& (,*7)0-%& ,0& +$,& 7,&
+<2+,4$+-/(-! &+-&(54#M-+&! (>,(1(.'+&K! R#-&/4M/)?+! )-(! #2#,/)-41(1!2(,(! ,+'(54#-(,-#&8! >#MZ(,! 1+! '(! 5#$2([I(8! /#M$(,!1+54&4#-+&!?!+*+,5+,!-)+&/,#&!1+,+5N#&K
Y-! +&/(! &+5549-! +-M5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!+'!+-($#,($4+-/#!@& 7#8$-.#)0,7& +$,& ($,M1+-!2#-+,!+-!,4+&>#!)-(!*,1-.#50A&B)<*C7&#<,08#"#M5(,! &4/)(54#-+&! 1+! 5#-M8*)1& @& & D#)1,0.#-& +$,& 7,&
6-0#"#,78-0&,0&,78-&,8-(-&
1+! '(! 341(! 2(,(! &(.+,!1+/+-+,'(&!(!/4+$2#K!
1818 19
-)+3(&! 6#,$(&! 1+! 5#$M2#,/($4+-/#8! (5#,1+! 5#-!-)+&/,(&! +<2+,4+-54(&!1+! '4.+,/(1! +! 4-1+2+-M1+-54(K! H4-! ! +$.(,>#8! '(&!+<2+,4+-54(&! ($#,#&(&!-#! +&/%-! '4.,+&! 1+!$4/#&8!5,++-54(&! ?! +&/+,+#/42#&8!1#-1+!&+!+&2+,(!)-!5#$M2#,/($4+-/#!1+/+,$4-(1#!1+! '(&!$)*+,+&! ?! #/,#! 1+!'#&!3(,#-+&K!0#,!+*+$2'#8!+$,& 1-& ,0-6)*-<-& 7,-&
Y-! +&/(! +/(2(! +'! 2+-M&($4+-/#! &+! 3)+'3+! 4-M7#78,08,& -1& ($08)& +$,&
&+! 24+-&(! $)5N#! +-! '(!(,*7)0-& +$,& 0)7& -8*-,%&
/+-+$#&! 1+&+#! 1+! +&/(,!+'!$(?#,! /4+$2#!2#&4.'+!5#-!Q'!#!+''(!?!.)&5($#&!&)!$4,(1(K!
:!2(,/4,! 1+! '(! (1#'+&5+-M54(8! '(&! 2+,&#-(&! (2,+-M1+$#&! ?! +-&(?($#&!
2020 21
1+'45(1(! ?! +'! +-($#,(1#!2,#/+5/#,K
Y-! .(&+! (! +&/#&! $4/#&8!2)+1+-! &),>4,! &4/)(54#M-+&!1+!5#-/,#'!?!34#'+-54(!+-! '(! 2(,+*(! +-($#,(1(8!1+! (NI! '(! 4$2#,/(-54(! 1+!#<,08#"#.-*& 7,E-1,7& <,&
,4+&>#8!2,+3+-4,!?!1+/+-+,!7#8$-.#)0,7& +$,& ($,<-0&
(6+5/(,!-)+&/,(!341(K
2424 25
?$.-)'@A-0'#":-0'0-&'
8&;'/"<-0.=;#$%&'/"'
;<-=B
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! \#&!5+'#&! -#! &#-! )-(! 1+M$#&/,(549-!1+!($#,8!,+M2,+&+-/(-!+-!&I!)-!(.)M&#! 1+! 2#1+,! ?! 5#-/,#'K!]-(!,+'(549-!&+!.(&(!+-!1-& .)0"#-0F-&@& ,1& *,7(,M/#! (! '(! ()/#-#$I(!1+! '(!2(,+*(K
?$.-0'/":';<-='
=-<G&.$#-'
\#&!$4/#&!&#-!5,++-54(&!3-78-08,&-**-#4-<-7&+$,&
&+!,+2,#1)5+-!1+!>+-+M,(549-! +-! >+-+,(549-8!5,+(-1#!5#-6)&49-8!1+&M4>)('1(1! ?! 34#'+-54(! +-!)-(!,+'(549-K!Y&!/4+$2#!1+!,+5#-#5+,!5)%'+&!&#-!+&/#&!$4/#&!?!1+&/+,,(,'#&!1+!-)+&/,(!341(^
2626 27
?$.-)'@C0'$<E-0$H:"'
/"."#.;=':;'I$-:"&#$;'
"&'":'"&;<-=;<$"&.-B
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! Y-!/#1(!,+'(549-!N(?!&+[('+&!+$,& ($,<,0& -1,*8-*M-#&! &#.,+! &4/)(54#-+&!1+! $(5N4&$#8! 5#-/,#'!@& D#)1,0.#-%& +$,& ,0& $0&
6)/),#! 2)+1+-! 5#-3+,M/4,&+! +-! (5/#&! 34#'+-/#&!$%&!34&4.'+&K
?$.-)'@A-0'J-<H="0'
I$-:"&.-0'#;<H$;&'
#8;&/-'0"'#;0;&'-'
#-&I$I"&B
C0'D;:0-'E-=F8")!Y'!6#,M$('4Z(,!)-(!,+'(549-!-#!.)0<$.,&-&+$,&1-7&(-*,M*(&! 34#'+-/(&! 5($.4+-8!+&(! (5/4/)1! 2)+1+! +$M2+#,(,! +-! +'! $(/,4$#M-4#!#!5#-343+-54(K
2828 29
?$.-)'@C:'"&;<-=;/-'
-'"&;<-=;/;'&8&#;'
:"'J;=K;'/;L-';'08'
E;="M;B
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! \#&!5+'#&8!+'!5#-/,#'8!'(&!.),M'(&! &#-! 6#,$(&! 1+! 34#M1,0.#-& +$,& 0)& <,3,6)7&
$4-4$4Z(,!#!1+*(,!2(&(,K
3232 33
! H+!.),'(!1+!/4!?!/+!<#.,&.)7-7&+$,&8,&
N(5+-!1([#KM! X+34&(!/)!5+')'(,!#!8,&(#<,&+$,&1,&<,7&
/)&!5#-/,(&+[(&!1+!,+1+&!6('+&!?!5#,,+#!+'+5/,9-45#K
! H+!+-#*(!&4!6,+5)+-/(&!(!/)&!($4&/(1+&K
! L+!($+-(Z(!5#-!1+*(,/+!5)(-1#!-#!
_(/+!5)+-/(!&4!Q'`+''(!N(!5#$+-Z(1#!(!/+-+,!+&/(&!5#-1)5/(&!1+!5#-/,#'!?!34#'+-54(^!
! L+!''($(!#!/+!$+-&(*+(!5#-&/(-/+$+-/+!2(,(!&(.+,!19-1+!+&/%&8!.)0&+$#G0&,78C7A
! R#-/,#'(!/)!6#,$(!1+!3+&/4,!?!/)!6-+$#11-H,A
3434 35
1+&+#&K! L+!5N(-/(*+(!)!#.'4>(!-&?-.,*&-14)&+$,&8I&
0)&+$#,*,7A
! 0,#$+/+!5($.4#&!+$,&0)&.$6(1,A
! L#5(!#!(5(,454(!/)!5)+,2#!&4-!/)!5#-&+-/4$4+-/#K
! L+!+<4>+!#!2,+&4#-(!2(,(!/+-+,!,+'(54#-+&!&+<)('+&K
?-.,7&1)&+$,&+$#,*,A
& &J)&.*,,&,0&1)&+$,&
'+!5)+-/(&8!/,(/(!1+!5#$2,#.(,'#!#!/+!2#-+!/,($2(&K
& K#,6(*,&(#,07-&+$,&
1)7&<,6C7&+$#,*,0&
+-($#,(,/+K! L+!2+>(8!+$2)*(!#!*('#-+(K
! 0#-+!+-!1)1(!/)&!&+-/4$4+-/#&!&4!-#!(55+1+&!(!&)&!
3636 37
! _+&4-/+,Q&!+-!'#&!+&/)14#&K
! Y&/(,!5#-/4-)($+-/+!-+,34#&(`#K
! "#!/4+-+&!>(-(&!1+!?-.,*&.)7-7&+$,&
(-/+&!/+!(>,(1(.(-K! _+!2,#-/#!-#!/4+-+&!(2+/4/#!#!/4+-+&!2,#.'+$(&!1+!14>+&/49-K
! H4+-/+&!4-&+>),41(1!?!5)'2(K
6,8G:"0'0-&':;0'
#-&0"#8"&#$;0'/"'
:;'I$-:"&#$;'"&'":'
"&;<-=;<$"&.->
:'>)-(&! 1+! '(&! 5#-&+M5)+-54(&!&#-^
! _#'#,!1+!5(.+Z(!?!#/,#&!6-1,78-*,7&"/7#.)7A
! L,4&/+Z(!?!1+&$#/43(549-K!
! _+2,+&49-`(-&4+1(1K! 0,#.'+$(&!1+!&)+[#K
4040 41
$('+&/(,!5#-&/(-/+!?!+-!()$+-/#K
2N'O;0"'/"'"0.;::$/-'-''
'''''"PE:-0$%&)
K,&6-0#"#,78-0&,(#7)<#)7&
1+!(>,+&49-^!(,,#*(!#.*+M/#&8!>#'2+(8!($+-(Z(K
3N'O;0"'/"'
''''';=="E"&.$<$"&.-'-'
''''':8&;'/"'<$":)
K,&6-0#"#,78-0&,=(*,7#)0,7&
,$#:-'-'"0E$=;:'/"':;'
I$-:"&#$;
Y'! 545'#! #! +&24,('! 1+! '(!34#'+-54(!&+!2,+&+-/(!+-!/,+&!6(&+&^
1N'O;0"'/"';#8<8:;#$%&'
'''''/"':;'."&0$%&)
K,&6-0#"#,78-0& #07$18)7%&
,+2,#5N+&8! +&5+-(&! 1+!5+'#&!?!5#-/,#'8!&4'+-54#&!2,#'#->(1#&8! .),'(&8!
4242 43
1+!2+,19-8!2,#$+&(&!1+!5($.4#8! ,+>('#&8! 4-/+,Q&!&+<)('! ?! &),>+!)-(!(2(M*,08,& L8*-0+$#1#<-<M& ,0&
'(!,+'(549-K
H4! '(! 34#'+-54(! -#! &+!1+/4+-+! (! /4+$2#8! +&/+!545'#! &+! ,+2+/4,%! 5#-!+24#&!5(1(!3+Z!$%&!34#'+-/#&K
4444 45
! L4+-+&!$4+1#!(!+$,<-*8,&7)1-N)%&&@&
(#,07-7&+$,&0-<#,&
$%&!/+!3#'3+,%!(!+$,*,*A
! L#1(&!/)&!($4>(&`#&!/4+-+-!-#34#`(8!?!/V!-#!2)+1+&!&+-/4,/+!146+,+-/+K
& K#,08,7&+$,&0)&D-1,7&
-(1(!&4!-#!+&/%&!!5#-!Q'`+''(K
! :$.#&!5#$2(,/+-!
& O)N-&+$#,*,7&@-&+$,&
T-#!&4+$2,+!/+!/,(/(!$('UK
& PI&,7(,*-7&+$,&
.-63#,%&()*+$,&G1N
,11-&&8,&<#.,&+$,&0)&
3#'3+,%!(!N(5+,'#K! L+!(&)&/(!1+*(,'#`(!()*+$,&7-3,7&+$,&
Q'`+''(!-#!'#!3(!(5+2/(,8!?!/4+-+&!$4+1#!1+!&)!,+(5549-K
4646 47
+'!$4&$#!>,)2#!1+!-6#4)7&@&.*,,7&+$,&8,&
7,*C&<#"/.#1&8,*6#0-*&
34Q-1#'#`(!/#1#&!'#&!1I(&K
! "#!&(.+&!59$#!<,.#*1,&+$,&+$#,*,7&
/+,$4-(,K
_+54,!(149&!(!)-(!,+'(549-!2)+1+!5()&(,!1#'#,KKK
5050 51
:'>)-(&!,+5#$+-1(54#-+&!+$,&($,<,7&7,4$#*Q
Q'&$I":'$&/$I$/8;:)
! S#,/('+5+!/)!($#,!2,#24#!?!3('#,+&K! X+&2+/(!?!N(Z!+$,&*,7(,8,0&8$7&
1+54&4#-+&K! Y'(.#,(!)-!2,#?+5/#!1+!341(!2(,(!/48!?!+$,&0-<#,(#<-&8$&
,+('4Z(549-K
& R,7$,1D,&.)0"1#.8)7&
1+!4-/+,+&+&!5#-!/)!2(,+*(8!2+,#!-#!,+-)-54+&!(!/)&!1+,+5N#&!#!(!/)!.4+-+&/(,K! a#Z(!1+!/)&!2,#24#&!+&2(54#&!2+,&#-('+&K
! X#1Q(/+!1+!2+,&#-(&!()7#8#D-7&+$,&8,&
2)+1(-!(2#?(,!5)(-1#!'#!-+5+&4/+&K
5252 53
Q'&$I":'/"'.8'
$&0.$.8#$%&'"/8#;.$I;)
! b)&5(!#,4+-/(549-8!4-6#,$(549-!?!(2#?#8!5#-!)-!2,#6+&#,!#!)-(!2,#6+&#,(!?!'#&!($4>#&`-7&<,&8$&8)8-1&.)0"#-0F-A
Q'&$I":'/"'.8'
#-<8&$/;/)
! b)&5(!($4>#&!?!-6#4-7&+$,&8,&
Q'&$I":'D;<$:$;=)
! R#-3+,&(!&#.,+!/)&!1)1(&!?!/+$#,+&!5#-!$($%!#!2(2%!#!('>)-(!2+,&#-(!1+!8$&>-6#1#-&.)0&+$#,0&
8,04-7&.)0"#-0F-A
! ")-5(!1+*+&!1+!5#$)-45(,!/)&!$4+1#&!?!2+14,!5#-&+*#!5)(-1#!'#!-+5+&4/+&K
5454 55
.,4-1+-!$#1+'#&!6('+&!2#&4/43#&!?!&#'41(,4#&K! b)&5(!(?)1(!+-!#,>(-4Z(54#-+&!+!4-&/4/)54#-+&!,7(,.#-1#F-<-7&+$,&8,&
(2#?+-8!/+!+&5)5N+-!?!/+!(5#-&+*+-!&#.,+!/)&!1)1(&!?!/+$#,+&K
5858 59
-#!5#$2,)+.(-!&4!'#!+$,&?-.,&)&<#.,&7$&
2(,+*(!+&!3+,1(1K! Y<2,+&(-!5#-!/#/('!'4.+,/(18!?!&4-!/+$#,8!'#!+$,&(#,07-0&@&7#,08,0A
! X+&2+/(-!'(&!1+54&4#-+&!1+!5(1(!+$#,0%&6-08#,0,0&
)-(!,+'(549-!1+$#5,%/45(8!N#,4Z#-/('8!,+5I2,#5(!?!&#'41(,4(K
! _#&!2+,&#-(&!&+!+$#,*,0%&7,&*,7(,8-0&
?!&+!1434+,/+-!+&/(-1#!*)-/(&K
! H(.+-!+&5)5N(,!(!'(!#/,(!2+,&#-(!?!2)+1+-!5#-/(,&+!&)&!2,#.'+$(&K
& S63)7&7-3,0&+$,&
'#&!5+'#&!-#!&#-!)-(!+<2,+&49-!1+!($#,K
& P#,0,0&.)0"#-0F-&
$)/)(8!-#!1)1(-!?!
6060 61
& T-<-&+$#,0&8#,0,&
)-!2,#?+5/#!1+!,+('4Z(549-!2+,&#-('!?!+&!(2#?(1(!?!('+-/(1(!2#,!&)!2(,+*(!(!N(5+,!'#!+$,&1,&?-.,&7,08#*7,&
&(/4&6+5N#`(!5#-!'(!341(K
6262 63
&#$+/4$4+-/#K!! \#&!$('#&!/,(/#&!0)&7)0&-6)*%&+$#,0&
8,&+$#,*,&3$7.-*C&
&4+$2,+!/)!.4+-+&/(,K! "(14+!5($.4(!2#,!($#,8!'(!2+,&#-(!5($.4(!#!+3#')54#-(!2#,!1+&+#!2,#24#!?!-#!2#,!&(/4&6(5+,!(!#/,(!2+,&#-(K
! \(!'4.+,/(1!-#!+&!('>#!+$,&8,&<-0%&,7&-14)&
+$,&8#,0,7&@&<,3,7&
2,#/+>+,K! Y'!,+&2+/#!&+!+*+,5+8!&+!2,(5/45(!1I(!(!1I(K! \#&!5+'#&!-#!&#-!($#,8!&4-#!4-&+>),41(18!5#-/,#'!?!2#&+&49-K!! Y'!($#,!-#!+&!+-/,+>(!(.&#')/(8!+&#!&+!''($(!
65
6666 67
6789'"0':;'0"P8;:$/;/>
Y&!)-!(&2+5/#!1+'!&+,!N)M6-0)%&8#,0,&+$,&D,*&.)0&
+'! 5)+,2#8! '(! ,+2,#1)5M549-8! '(&! +$#54#-+&8! '#&!(6+5/#&!?!'(&!41+(&K!R(1(!2+,&#-(! 343+! &)! &+<)(M'41(1! 1+! $#1#! 14&/4-M/#8! +&/(! &+! 2,(5/45(! ?! &+!,=(*,7-& ,0& 8)<)& 1)& +$,&
&#$#&8!&+-/4$#&8!2+-&(M$#&!?!N(5+$#&K
Y-! +&/(! &+5549-! /+!#6,+5+$#&! 4-6#,$(549-!(5+,5(! 1+! '#&! 5($.4#&!+$,& 7,& (*)<$.,0& ,0& 1-&
(1#'+&5+-54(8! '(! &+<)(M'41(18! +'! 5)41(1#! 1+'!5)+,2#! ?! '(&! ,+'(54#-+&!&+<)('+&K!L($.4Q-!&#.,+!+'! +$.(,(Z#! +-! (1#'+&M5+-/+&8!&)&!5#-&+5)+-54(&!?!59$#!2,+3+-4,'#K!
6868 69
,8"=E-'R'0"P8;:$/;/
:7& #6()*8-08,& +$,& 1-7&
2+,&#-(&!(2,+-1($#&!(!5#-#5+,!-)+&/,#!5)+,2#8!-#! &#'#! &(.+,! 59$#! +&!?! 59$#! 6)-54#-(8! &4-#!<,7.$3*#*&+$G&0)7&4$78-&
@&+$G&7,07-.#)0,7&()<,M$#&! +<2+,4$+-/(,8! &4-!&+-/4,!$4+1#!#!3+,>c+-MZ(!2#,!+''#K
6789'"0'!"P->
H#-! '(&! 5(,(5/+,I&/45(&!"/7#.-7& @& 3#)154#.-7%& +$,&
146+,+-54(-!(!N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&8! ,+2,+&+-/(1#&!2#,!'#&!>+-4/('+&d!+'!2+-+!?! /+&/I5)'#&! +-! +'! N#$M.,+8!?!'#&!&+-#&8!'(!3)'3(!?!3(>4-(!+-!'(!$)*+,K
7272 73
\(&!?!'#&!(1#'+&5+-/+&!&+!5#$2(,(-! ?! 2,+#5)2(-!()*&7$&<,7-**)11)%&@-&+$,&
$)5N(&!3+5+&!-#!5#4-541+!5#-!+'!1+!&)&!($4>#&`(&d!2#,!+&(!,(Z9-!/+$+-!&+,!,+5N(Z(1#&! #! ,+5N(Z(1(&!1+!'#&!>,)2#&K
T)0& 1)7& .-63#)7& "#7#)15M>45#&8!)-! 6(5/#,!,+'+3(-/+!+&! +'! 4-5,+$+-/#! 1+! '(&!?)*6)0-7& 7,=$-1,7& +$,&
6,8G&/-'#;<H$;'
&8"0.=-'#8"=E->
")+&/,#!5)+,2#!5($.4(!+-!'(!2).+,/(1!?!(1#'+&5+-54(8!(1+$%&!&+!>+-+,(-!-)+3(&!&+-&(54#-+&! ?! +$#54#-+&K!:2(,+5+! +'! 1+&+#! &+<)('!?! '(! (/,(5549-! N(54(! #/,(&!2+,&#-(&8! 14&6,)/($#&! 1+!$(-+,(! 14&/4-/(! '(! 5#$M(-E/-&+$,&.$-0<)&G*-6)7&
-4[#&`(&K
7474 75
,;<H$-0'"&':;'<8M"=
! H+!+-&(-5N(-!'(&!5(1+,(&K
! :2(,+5+-!'#&!2+Z#-+&K! R,+5+!+'!3+''#!2V.45#K! :2(,+5+!'(!2,4$+,(!$+-&/,)(549-!?!+'!545'#!$+-&/,)('K!
,;<H$-0'"&'":'J-<H="
! R,+5+!+'!.4>#/+!?!'(!.(,.(K
&+! (6(! (! '(&! 6(-/(&I(&!&+<)('+&8!&)+[#&!+,9/45#&!?!'(!$(&/),.(549-K!
H4!.4+-!'(!$)*+,!5#$4+-Z(!(! 1+&(,,#''(,! &)! 5)+,2#!-08,7& +$,& ,1& D-*50%& -6M.#&! +<2+,4$+-/(-! 5($M3#)7& 7#40#"#.-8#D)7%& 1)7&
2,4-542('+&!&#-^
7676 77
! Y'!/#-#!1+!3#Z!5($.4(8!&+!N(5+!$%&!>,(3+K
! :2(,+5+!+'!3+''#!2V.45#K
! H+!+-&(-5N(!'(!+&2('1(!?!+'!2+5N#K
! \#&!/+&/I5)'#&!?!+'!2+-+!()$+-/(-!1+!/($([#K
!
6789'"0':;'
<"&0.=8;#$%&>
\(!2,4$+,(!$+-&/,)(549-!)& L6,0-*+$/-M& ,7& (-*8,&
<,& 1)7& .-63#)7& "#7#)154#M.)7& +$,& ,=(,*#,6,08-0&
'(&!$)*+,+&!('!4-454#!1+!'(!(1#'+&5+-54(K! e5),,+! +-M/,+!'#&!AA!(!AD!([#&K!H4+-M1#! +'! 4-454#! 1+'! 2,#5+&#!1+! $(1),(549-! &+<)('! ?!1-& ()7#3#1#<-<& <,& +$,<-*&
+$.(,(Z(1(K
7878 79
6789'"0':;'
<;0.8=H;#$%&>
Y&! )-(! $(-46+&/(549-!<,& 1-& 7,=$-1#<-<& +$,& 7,&
(6(! (! '(! +<2'#,(549-!1+'! 2,#24#! 5)+,2#! ?! (!1-& 3I7+$,<-& <,1& (1-.,*A&
:78C& #0"1$,0.#-<-&()*& ,1&
4-5,+$+-/#! N#,$#-('!+-!3(,#-+&!?!$)*+,+&8!?!2)+1+! ,+('4Z(,&+! 5#-! #!&4-!6(-/(&I(&!&+<)('+&K
6789'"0':;'"R;#8:;#$%&>
\(! 2,4$+,(! +?(5)'(549-!&+!2,#1)5+!+-/,+! '#&!AB!(!AD!([#&K!Y&!2,#3#5(1#!2#,!+,+554#-+&!+&2#-/(M-+(&! $4+-/,(&! &+! 1)+,M$+8! ''($(1#! /($.4Q-!T&)+[#&!NV$+1#&U!#!2#M')54#-+&!-#5/),-(&K
8282 83
!"#$%&'(%)*%+,-%./012/3%
J;H:;='/"'0"P8;:$/;/>
0#,! )-(! &+,4+! 1+! 5,++-M.#-7&+$,&?,6)7&?,*,<-M1#! 1+! -)+&/,#&! 2(1,+&8!$(1,+&8! (.)+'#&`(&8!$(+&/,#&`(&8! +/5K! Y<4&/+!1-& .*,,0.#-& +$,& 1)7& 8,M$(&! 1+! &+<)('41(1! &9'#!&#-! 2(,(! '(&! 2+,&#-(&!-<$18-7& )& (-*-& +$#,0,7&
343+-!+-!2(,+*(K
T$#<-*0)7& @& +$,*,*0)7&
4-/+>,('$+-/+! f5)+,2#!?!$+-/+g!+&!4$2#,/(-/+8!()*+$,&<,&,11)&<,(,0<,&
1-& 7-8#7>-..#50& +$,& 7,0M/4$#&! 5#-! '(! 341(K! _+!-?/& +$,& 7,-& 0,.,7-*#)&
5#-#5+,! -)+&/,#! 5)+,2#!?! ,+5#-#5+,! -)+&/,#&!&+-/4$4+-/#&8! &+-&(54#M-+&!?!1+&+#&!2(,(!/+-+,!()/#-#$I(! &#.,+! -)+&M/,(!2,#24(!341(K
8484 85
:'>)-(&!6('&(&!5,++-54(&!&#.,+! '(! &+<)('41(1! &#-!'(&!&4>)4+-/+&^
?$.-)'@!-:-':-0'
J-<H="0'0"'
<;0.8=H;&BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,7& -14)&
-(/),('! +-! N#$.,+&! ?!6$H,*,7&+$,*,*&,=(1)*-*&
&)!5)+,2#8!&4-!&+-/4,!3+,M>c+-Z(!#!5)'2(K!!
8686 87
?$.-)'@A;0'=":;#$-&"0'
0"P8;:"0'0-&':;'S&$#;'
<;&"=;'/"'"PE="0;='
;D"#.-';'F8$"&';<;0BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,=#78,0&
$V'/42'+&! 6#,$(&! 1+! +<M2,+&(,! (6+5/#8! &4-! ''+>(,!('!5#-/(5/#!&+<)('!I-/4$#K!:.,(Z(,! ?! (5(,454(,8! 2#,!+*+$2'#8!&#-!6#,$(&!$)?!+<2,+&43(&!1+!(6+5/#K
?$.-)'@A;'
<;0.8=H;#$%&'#;80;'
/;L-';:'-=T;&$0<-BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,78-& ,7&
$0-& -.8#D#<-<& +$,& -@$M1(!(!1+&5).,4,!-)+&/,#&!&+-/4$4+-/#&! +,9/45#&!?! 5#-! +''#! (2,+-1+$#&!(! -#! (3+,>#-Z(,-#&! 1+!1)& +$,& 7,08#6)7& 0#& <,&
-)+&/,#&!>+-4/('+&K
8888 89
?$.-)'@A-0'J-<H="0'
."&"<-0'<G0'
&"#"0$/;/'/"'."&"='
0"P-'F8"':;0'<8M"="0BN
:7&>-17)&()*+$,&1-&0,.,M&41(1! 1+! /+-+,! ,+'(54#M-+&!&+<)('+&!&+!+-/4+-1+!2#,! +'! 1+&+#! ?! '(! $#/4MD-.#50%&()*&1)&+$,&&8-08)&
N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&!2)+M1+-!/+-+,!-+5+&41(1K
?$.-)'@A;'<8M"='&8&#;'
F8"/;'"<H;=;U;/;'"&'
:;'E=$<"=;'=":;#$%&'
0"P8;:BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,7& H$78)&
+-!'(!2,4$+,(!,+'(549-!&+M<)('!-#!2,#/+>41(!5)(-1#!&)5+1+-! '#&! +$.(,(Z#&!0)& (1-0#"#.-<)7A& U0.1$7)&
N(?! +$.(,(Z#! 5)(-1#! '(!4-/,#1)5549-!1+'!2+-+!-#!N(!&41#!5#$2'+/(K
9090 91
?$.-)'@,8;&/-':-'J;#"0'
#-&':;'<"&0.=8;#$%&'
&-'J;R'"<H;=;U-BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& 7#& 3#,0&
5#-! '(! $+-&/,)(549-! &+!,1#6#0-0& 1)7& 5D$1)7& +$,&
-#! N(-! &41#! 6+5)-1(1#&!+-!+'!2+,I#1#8!+'!,4+&>#!1+!+$,& $0& 5D$1)& ($,<-& 7,*&
6+5)-1(1#!&4>)+!'(/+-/+K
@V-'"0'&"#"0;=$-'
":'80-'/":'#-&/%&'
4#$&')%2#-01#%)-%(35
"::;B
Y'!)&#!1+'!5#-19-!+&!-+M5+&(,4#!+-!/#1(!,+'(549-!&+<)('! 2(,(! +34/(,! )-!+$.(,(Z#! -#! 1+&+(1#!?! +'! 5#-/(>4#! 1+! 4-6+5M54#-+&! 1+! /,(-&$4&49-!&+<)('8! 4-5')&#! +'! ;P=K!0+14,!+'!)&#!1+'! 5#-19-!-#!+&!)-(! &+[('!1+!1+&M
9292 93
.)0"#-0F-%& -1& .)08*-*#)%&
,7& .)0"#-*& 1)& 7$"#.#,08,&
5#$#!2(,(!1+54,'#K!
9494 95
6,%<-'"PE="0;&'08'
0"P8;:$/;/':;0'R':-0'
;/-:"0#"&."0>
:! /,(3Q&! 1+! +$#54#M-+&8! (6+5/#&! ?! (5/4/)1+&!5#$#^! /,4&/+Z(8! &#'+1(18!/+$#,+&8! +-#*#8! 2'(5+,8!1+&+#! ?! ($#,K! H)&! 5($M3#)7& *,"1,H-0& 7$7& 7,08#M$4+-/#&! ?! '(! -+5+&41(1!1+! ,+'(54#-(,&+! 5#-!#/,#&K
C:'"&;<-=;<$"&.-'"&'
:;';/-:"0#"&#$;
Y'! +-($#,($4+-/#! +&!)-! (&2+5/#! 4$2#,/(-M/+! 1+! '(! &+<)('41(1! +-!'(! (1#'+&5+-54(K! Y&! +-!,78-& ,8-(-& +$,& 1-7& (,*M&#-(&!/4+-+-!&)!T2,4$+,!($#,U8! +<2+,4$+-/(-!&+-/4$4+-/#&! ?! &+-&(M54#-+&! 1+! /+,-),(8! +,#M/4&$#8!(6+5/#!?! /($.4Q-!/+$#,+&!?!1+&4')&4#-+&K!
9696 97
A;'E=$<"=;'=":;#$%&'
0"P8;:
\(&!2,4$+,(&! ,+'(54#-+&!&+<)('+&! &+! 1+541+-! >+M-+,('$+-/+!.(*#!2,+&49-!1+'! >,)2#!1+!($4>#&`(&!?! 1+! '(! 2(,+*(K! 7)5N(&!3+5+&! &+! (55+1+! 2#,! -#!&(.+,! 1+54,! "e! #! 2#,M+$,&7,&.*,,&+$,&.)0&,11)&
&+! >(-(,%! (5+2/(549-! ?!!,+5#-#54$4+-/#K
100100 101
$+-&/,)(549-! f#! $+M0-*+$/-V& ()<*/-0& +$,M1(,! +$.(,(Z(1(&! ')+>#!1+! /+-+,! )-(! ,+'(549-!&+<)('!-#!2,#/+>41(K!!P-M.1$7)%& ?-@& .-7)7& ,0& +$,&
+'!+$.(,(Z#!&+!2,#1)5+!7#0&+$,&?-@-0&8,0#<)&7$&
2,4$+,(! $+-&/,)(549-K!_+!(NI!'(!4$2#,/(-54(!1+!)-(!(1+5)(1(!+1)5(549-!&+<)('K
C:'"<H;=;U-'"&':;'
;/-:"0#"&#$;
:7& $0& (*)31,6-& +$,&
(6+5/(!(!)-!>,)2#!&4>-4M"#.-8#D)& <,& -<)1,7.,08,7&
+-! +'! 0+,V8! 2)+&! #5),,+!5#-! $)5N(! 6,+5)+-54(!+-/,+! '(&!$)*+,+&!1+!AJ!(!AE!([#&!1+!+1(1K
O-7& 6$H,*,7& +$,& @-&
N(-! /+-41#! &)! 2,4$+,(!
104104 105
6,%<-'0"'0$"&."'
8&;';/-:"0#"&."'
"<H;=;U;/;>
H)+'+! /+-+,! 5)'2(! ?! $)M5N#&! $4+1#&^! (! '(! &#'+M<-<%&-&0)&7,*&+$,*#<-%&-1&
,+5N(Z#! 1+! &)&! 2(1,+&8!1+! '#&! ($4>#&! ?! ($4>(&8!(! -#! /+-+,! 14-+,#! 2(,(!$(-/+-+,&+K
6789'#-&0"#8"&#$;0''
.=;"'":'"<H;=;U->
! \(&!(1#'+&5+-/+&!&+!&4+-/+-!5)'2(.'+&!2#,!N(.+,!1+6,()1(1#!(!&)&!2(1,+&!?!($4>#&!#!($4>(&K
! :2(,+5+-!,+5'($#&!!@&.)0"1#.8)7&,08*,&
'#&!$4+$.,#&!1+!'(!6($4'4(K
! R#-!+'!+$.(,(Z#8!
106106 107
'(&!(1#'+&5+-/+&!&)+'+-!$)5N(&!3+5+&!(4&'(,&+!1+!&)!+-/#,-#!1+!($4>#&!?!6($4'4(,+&K
! H+!3+!(6+5/(1(!&)!&(')1!1+.41#!(!+$,&1)7&5*4-0)7&
,+2,#1)5/43#&!(V-!-#!N(-!('5(-Z(1#!&)!2'+-#!1+&(,,#''#!?!$(1),+ZK
! P$2'45(!('/#!,4+&>#!
2(,(!'(!$(1,+!(1#'+&5+-/+!5#$#!2(,(!+'!.+.Q!1),(-/+!+'!$4&$#!2,#5+&#!1+!>+&/(549-!!+!4-5')&#!+'!2(,/#K
! H+!4-/+,,)$2+!'#&!2,#?+5/#&!?!$+/(&!2+,&#-('+&K
! H+!1+*(!'#&!+&/)14#&!1+'!5#'+>4#!#!-#!&+!2)+1+-!''+3(,!(1+5)(1($+-/+K
108108 109
! H+!+$24+Z(!(!/,(.(*(,!,0&)"#.#)7&6,0)*,7&
2(,(!&#'3+-/(,!'#&!4-78)7&+$,&4,0,*-&,1&
+$.(,(Z#K! 7(?#,$+-/+!+<4&/+!!&+2(,(549-!1+!'(&!2(,+*(&!2#,!-#!&(.+,!59$#!(6,#-/(,!+&/(!&4/)(549-!-#!(1-0#"#.-<-A
! H+!/4+-+!2,#.'+$(&!+5#-9$45#&!+-!
'(!6($4'4(!2#,!+'!+$.(,(Z#8!'(!>+&/(549-!?!'(!5,4(-Z(!1+'!-4[#!#!-4[(!2#,!-(5+,K
! a+-+,(!2#.,+Z(8!1)&+$,(1#.-&
$+-#,!5,+54$4+-/#!?!1+&(,,#''#!+5#-9$45#!1+'!2(I&K
! H+!5#,,+!+'!,4+&>#!1+!/+-+,!-)+3#&!+$.(,(Z#&!-#!(1-0#"#.-<)7A
110110 111
6,%<-'E="I"&$='
R'#8$/;=0"'/"'8&'
"<H;=;U->
! S#,/('+54+-1#!/)!()/#+&/4$(K
! L#$(-1#!.)+-(&!<,.#7#)0,7&+$,&0)&
(6+5/+-!/)!341(!?!'(!1+!'#&!1+$%&K
! L+-4+-1#!$+/(&!?!2,#?+5/#&!+-!'(!341(K
! R#-3+,&(-1#!?!
5#$2(,/4+-1#!#24-4#-+&!?!1)1(&!5#-!/)&!2(1,+&K
! L+-4+-1#!2'+-(!.)0"#-0F-&(-*-&
1+54,'+!(!/)!2(,+*(!'#!+$,&(#,07-7&7)3*,&1-7&
,+'(54#-+&!&+<)('+&K! R#-3+,&(-1#!!?!2,+>)-/(-1#!(!/)&!2,#6+&#,+&!?!2,#6+&#,(&!&#.,+!+'!/+$(K
112112 113
! R#-#54+-1#!'#&!$Q/#1#&!(-/45#-5+2/43#&K
! P-6#,$%-1#/+!&#.,+!'#&!/+$(&!&+<)('41(18!+$.(,(Z#8!)!#/,#&8!2(,(!/#$(,!)-(!1+54&49-!,+&2#-&(.'+K
! ;4&4/(-1#!4-&/4/)54#-+&!?!#!(55+1+,!(!2%>4-(&!W,3&+$,&3*#0<,0&
4-6#,$(549-!
(1+5)(1(K& R,.)0).#,0<)&+$,&
/4+-+&!+'!1+,+5N#!(!<,.#<#*&7#&+$#,*,7&)&
-#!/+-+,!,+'(54#-+&!&+<)('+&K
116116 117
\#&!1+,+5N#&!&+<)('+&!/+!2+,$4/+-!/#$(,!1+54&4#M-+&! (5+,5(! 1+'! +*+,5454#!1+! /)! &+<)('41(1K! Y&/#&!&#-^
& X,*,.?)&-&+$,&7,&
,+&2+/+!/)!5)+,2#K!"(14+!2)+1+!/#5(,/+!&4-!/)!5#-&+-/4$4+-/#K
! _+,+5N#!(!)-(!&+<)('41(1!1+&+(1(8!
2'(5+-/+,(!?!&+>),(K! _+,+5N#!(!1+54,!T"#U!?!(!-#!&+-/4,!#.'4>(549-!1+!/+-+,!)-(!,+'(549-!&+<)('!5#-!/)!+-($#,(1#`(K
! _+,+5N#!(!,+54.4,!4-6#,$(549-!+&2+54('4Z(1(8!5#$2'+/(!?!&4-!2,+*)454#&!&#.,+!'(!&+<)('41(1K
120120 121
! _+,+5N#!(!1+5414,!'4.,+$+-/+!&4!1+&+(&!/+-+,!N4*#&`(&!#!-#K!h!&4!1+&+(&!/+-+,'#&8!1+,+5N#!(!1+5414,!5)%-/#&!?!5)%-1#K
! _+,+5N#!(!,+54.4,!4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!$Q/#1#&!(-/45#-5+2/43#&K
! _+,+5N#!(!&+,!(/+-141(`#!+-!&+,3454#&!1+!&(')1!5#-!5('41(18!
2,43(541(1!?!.)+-!/,(/#K
! H4!)-(!$)*+,!N(!&41#!6#,Z(1(!(!/+-+,!,+'(54#-+&!&+<)('+&!/4+-+!1+,+5N#!(!,+54.4,!(-/45#-5+2549-!#,('!1+!+$+,>+-54(!+-!+'!+&/(.'+54$4+-/#!1+!&(')1!2(,(!2,+3+-4,!)-!+$.(,(Z#!-#!1+&+(1#K
122122 123
H4! -+5+&4/(&! #,4+-/(549-!!+!4-6#,$(549-^
! R#-3+,&(!5#-!$($%8!2(2%!#!)-!6($4'4(,!1+!8$&.)0"#-0F-A
! R#-3+,&(!5#-!/)!2,#6+&#,`(!#!/)/#,`(!<,&6-@)*&.)0"#<,0.#-A
! _4('#>(!5#-!(1)'/#&!+$,&7,(-0&7)3*,&,1&
/+$(K! :5Q,5(/+!('!5+-/,#!1+!&(')1!$%&!5+,5(-#K
125
126 127126 127
:! 5#-/4-)(549-! /+!.,4-1($#&! 4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!)-!6+-9$+-#!$)?!2,+&+-/+! +-! '(! 6+1(1!2+,)(-(! ?! '(/4-#($+M,45(-(^! +'! $(5N4&$#K!R#$2,+-1+,%&! 59$#! &+!N(-! 6#,$(1#! 41+(&! &#M.,+!'(!$(&5)'4-41(1!?!'(!6+$4-41(18! $)5N(&! 3+M5+&! +-! /#/('! #2#&4549-!?!
>+-+,(-1#! 1+&4>)('1(1!+-! '(&! ,+'(54#-+&! 1+! >QM-+,#8! &4+-1#!+''#!)-! 6(5M/#,!1+!'(!143+,&(&!6#,$(&!1+!34#'+-54(K
6,%<-'0"'J;&'D-=<;/-'
&8"0.=;0'$/";0';#.8;:"0'
0-H="':;'<;0#8:$&$/;/'
R'D"<$&$/;/>
\(!6+1(1!(&4>-(!,#'+&!146+,+-54(1#&!(!N#$.,+&!
128 129128 129
?! $)*+,+&! &+>V-! &)!&+<#K!0#,!+''#8!'(&!2+,&#M0-7%& #0"1$,0.#-<-7& ()*&
+'! +-/#,-#! 1#-1+! 34M3+-8!6#,$(-!41+(&!&#.,+!1)& +$,& ,7& 7,*& ?)63*,&
@& 1)& +$,& ,7& 7,*& 6$H,*%&
5#-3+-54Q-1#&+! 1+! '(!3('41+Z!1+!)-(! &+,4+! 1+!<#>,*,0.#-7&+$,&D-0&6C7&
(''%! 1+! '#! .4#'9>45#8! ?!&+! &#&/4+-+-! (/,4.)/#&!2(,(!)-#&! ?!2(,(!#/,(&K
Y&/+!5#-*)-/#!1+!5,++-54(&!+! 41+(&! 6#,$(-! 2(,/+!1+! '(&! T5#-&/,)554#-+&!6('+&! 1+! >Q-+,#U! ?!?-&.)08*#3$#<)&-&+$,&7,&
>+-+,+-!+<2+5/(/43(&!14M6+,+-/+&!?!$)5N(&!3+5+&!5#-/,(2)+&/(&! ,+&2+5/#!(!N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&K
132 133132 133
")+&/,(! 6+1(1! ! 2,#M$)+3+! )-! /42#! 1+! $(&M5)'4-41(1!+-!'(!5)('8!2(,(!+$,&$0&?)63*,&7,-&.)0M&41+,(1#! 5#$#! /('8! 1+.+!&+,!(5/43#8!6)+,/+8!+<4/#!(>,+&43#8! -#! 1+$#&/,(,!$4+1#!#!1+.4'41(18!+/5K!\(!6+1(1! 4-5+-/43(! (1+M$%&! 54+,/(&! ! 5#-1)5/(&!!5#$#!!'(!!5#$2+/4/4341(18!!'(! !1+$#&/,(549-!!1+!!34M*#1#<-<%& & 1-&3I7+$,<-&<,1&
,4+&>#!?!+'!)&#!1+!'(!34#M'+-54(! +-! 1+/+,$4-(1(&!54,5)-&/(-54(&K
_+! #/,#! '(1#8! (! '(&! $)M*+,+&! &+! '+&! 4-5)'5(! '(!&+-&4.4'41(18!1+'45(1+Z(8!&)$4&49-!?!&+!'+!2,#NI.+!?-.,*&.)7-7&L+$,&7)0&<,&
N#$.,+&U!5#$#!+'!N+5N#!1+! *)>(,! 6V/.#'8! 4,! &#'(!-& 1-7& "#,78-7%& -0<-*& ()*&
'(&!-#5N+&!+-! '(&! 5(''+&K!
134 135134 135
R)(-1#! &#-! $%&! >,(-M<,7%&7,&,7(,*-&+$,&)(8,0&
()*& 1-& 6-8,*0#<-<%& +$,&
/+->(-! )-! N#$.,+! (! &)!'(1#! ?! &+(-! (.-+>(1(&!5#-!'(!6($4'4(K!H4!'(&!$)M*+,+&! &+! &('+-! 1+! +&#&!2(/,#-+&!&#-!5)+&/4#-(M1(&!6)+,/+$+-/+K
Y&/(! 6#,$(! 1+! 6('4Z(M549-8!.(&(1(!+-!5,++-54(&!?! ,#'+&! +&/+,+#/42(1#&!
1+! '(&! 2+,&#-(&! +-! 6)-M549-!1+!&)!&+<#!N(!>+-+M*-<)& +$,& 1-7& *,1-.#)0,7&
+-/,+! N#$.,+&! ?! $)M*+,+&! &+(-! 1+&4>)('+&8!4-*)&/(&! ?! 1+&3+-/(*#M&(&8! /(-/#! 2(,(! $)*+,+&!5#$#! 2(,(! '#&! $4&$#&!N#$.,+&8!5#-/,4.)?+-1#!(&I! (! >+-+,(,! 1+&4>)('M1(1+&!1+!>Q-+,#K
138 139138 139
6W"'J;0'E8"0.-';'
E"&0;='F89'M8T8"."0'
0-&':-0'F8"'<G0'
="#$HK;0'"&'.8'
$&D;&#$;>
7)5N(&!$)*+,+&!$+-54#M0-0&+$,&1)7&H$4$,8,7&+$,&
N(-!,+54.41#!+-!'(!4-6(-M54(! &#-!$)[+5(&8! #''4/(&8!*)+>#&!1+!/Q8!+-/,+!#/,#&8!(6(1#&! (! '(&! /(,+(&!1#$Q&/45(&8! +&! 1+54,! ('!
%$.4/#!2,43(1#K!P-5')!2,+1#$4-(! +'! 5#'#,! ,#M&(1#!+-!$)5N#&!1+! '#&!#.*+/#&!2(,(!-4[(&K
_+! #/,#! '(1#8! $)5N#&!N#$.,+&! ,+&2#-1+,%-!+$,& 7,& 1,7& *,4-1-3-& .-M,,4/#&8! &#'1(14/#&8! (34#M0,7%& ,08*,& )8*)7%& +$,& 7,&
(6(-! (! '(! 6)+,Z(! ?! ('!+&2(54#!2V.'45#K!
140 141140 141
\(&! -4[(&! ?! '#&! -4[#&8!(2,+-1+-! ?! -(/),('4Z(-!-7/& 1)7& *)1,7& +$,& 1,7& 8)M5(,%! (&)$4,! +-! &)! 341(!-<$18-& @& ,7(,*-0& +$,&
'#&! 5#$2#,/($4+-/#&! 1+!($.#&!f$)*+,+&^!+&2(54#!2,43(1#8! N#$.,+&^! +&2(M54#! 2V.'45#g! ,+&2#-1(-!(! +&/#&! 2(/,#-+&! ?! /#1#!-+$,11)& +$,& 7,& 7-14-& <,&
+&/+! 6#,$(/#! &+,%! 5)+&M/4#-(1#!#!,+5N(Z(1#K
142 143142 143
X,3,6)7&7-3,*&+$,Q
! \(&!146+,+-54(&!&+<)('+&!+-!&I!$4&$(&!-#!5#-&/4/)?+-!-4!+<2'45(-!'(&!1+&3+-/(*(&!+-/,+!'(&!$)*+,+&!?!'#&!N#$.,+&K!
! H9'#!5)(-1#!4-/+,34+-+!'(!5)'/),(8!5,+(-1#!'(&!41+-/41(1+&!
2(,(!5(1(!&+<#8!+'(.#,(-1#!'#&!&4&/+$(&!1+!>Q-+,#8!?!3('#,(-1#!'#!6+$+-4-#!?!$(&5)'4-#!1+!$(-+,(!1+&4>)('8!+&/(&!146+,+-54(&!&+<)('+&!&+!5#-34+,/+-!+-!1+&4>)('1(1+&!6('+&K
146 147146 147
Y'! $#1+'#! 1+! $(&5)'4M-41(1! N+>+$9-45(! 1+!-)+&/,(! 6+1(1! +&/%!6)-1(1#! +-! +'! $(5N4&M$#8! +&/+! 1+/+,$4-(!'(&!2()/(&!1+! 59$#! '#&!N#$.,+&!1+.+-!2+-&(,8!&+-/4,! ?! 5#$2#,/(,&+!+-! /#1#&! '#&! 2'(-#&!f(6+5/43#8! 6($4'4(,8! '(M.#,('8!+/5Kg!2(,(!2,#.(,!+$,& 7)0& L?)63*,7& <,&
3+,1(1! T! ?! +34/(,! &+,!!
,4145)'4Z(1#&! 6('M$+-/+K! Y&/(&! 2()/(&! &+!5#-34+,/+-!+-!$(-1(/#&!1+!'(!$(&5)'4-41(1!+-!'(!6,<#<-&+$,&1)7&?)63*,7&
&+! 3+-! 2,+&4#-(1#&! (!5)$2'4,'#&K!
:!5#-/4-)(549-8!3+($#&!('>)-#&!$(-1(/#&!1+!'(!$(&5)'4-41(1! N+>+$9M0#.-& +$,& 7,& 8*-076#8,0&
6('$+-/+^
148 149148 149
X-<H="'Y'Z;:$"&."'
@A-0'J-<H="0'&-'
::-=;&BN
:!'#&!N#$.,+&!&+!'+&!2+,M$4/+! +<2,+&(,! +$#54#M-+&!(6(1(&!(!'(!6)+,Z(!?! '(! ()/#,41(18! 5#$#! +'!+-#*#!?!'(!4,(8!2+,#!&+!'+&!2,#NI.+! '(! +<2,+&49-!1+!!/+,-),(8!1#'#,!#!/,4&/+Z(8!2#,!+&/(,!(6(1#&!(! '#!6+$+-4-#K!R)%-/(&!3+5+&!
N+$#&! +&5)5N(1#! 1+54,!-&1)7&0#E)7&+$,&0)&<,3,0&
11)*-*%& ()*+$,& ,7)& ,7& <,&
T-4[4/(&UK!
X-<H="'Y'[=-."#.-='
@\&'J-<H="'"0':;'
E=-."##$%&'/"'8&'
J-T;=BN
X,7<,& 6$@& (,+$,E)& @&
1+! 143+,&(&! $(-+,(&! &+!'+! 4-&/,)?+! ('! -4[#! 2(,(!
150 151150 151
+$,&-7$6-&,1&*)1&(*)8,.M/#,!(&I!&+!'+!145+^!T_+.+&!5)41(,! (! /)! N+,$(-4/(U8!()-! 5)(-1#! Q'! &+(! $+M0)*&+$,&,11-A&Y&,1&(-<*,&
145+^! TY-! $4! ()&+-54(!!/V! +,+&! +'! N#$.,+! 1+! '(!5(&(UK! _+! +&/(! $(-+,(!+'! -4[#! 3(! (2,+-14+-1#!,+$#D).-<-6,08,& +$,&
7,*&D-*50&,7&6C7&+$,&7,*&
$)*+,K!
X-<H="'Y'[=-I""/-='
\&'J-<H="'<;&.$"&"'
;'08'D;<$:$;BN
7)5N#&! -4[#&! N(-! 5,+M541#! 34+-1#! (! &)&! 2(2%&!&('4,! $)?! /+$2,(-#! 1+!5(&(! ?! 3#'3+,!$)?! /(,1+8!1+! +&(! $(-+,(! (&)$+-!+$,&,1&(-(,1&<,&$0&(-<*,&
+&!$(-/+-+,! +5#-9$45(M$+-/+!!'(!6($4'4(K!_+!(1)'M/#&8! 4-/+-/(-! ,+2,#1)54,!
152 153152 153
+&#&! ,#'+&! ?! 5)(-1#! -#!2)+1+-!N(5+,'#!&+!+&/,+M&(-8! 1+2,4$+-! ?! &)6,+-!2#,! -#! 2#1+,! 5)$2'4,!+&+!$(-1(/#!6('K
X-<H="'Y'QT="0$I-'
67)0/(-.)+)%2#8#%
J-<H="BN
X,7<,& (,+$,E)7& -& 1)7&
?)63*,7%&7,&1,7&,07,E-&+$,&
)-(!5#-1)5/(!6('$+-/+!
(5+2/(1(!+-!+'! 3(,9-!+&!&+,!(>,+&43#K!:&I8!5)(-1#!)-!-4[#!&+!$)+&/,(!1Q.4'!#!&+-&4.'+8!'#&!(1)'/#&!&+!+-5(,>(-!1+!,+2,#5N(,'+!,& #078-*1)& -& +$,& -<)(8,&
5#-1)5/(&! T3(,#-4'+&UK!0#,! +''#8! $)5N#&! 24+-M7-0& +$,& ,1& ,H,*.#.#)& <,1&
5#-/,#'! ?! '(! 34#'+-54(!,78C& H$78#"#.-<-& ,0& 1)7&
N#$.,+&K
154 155154 155
X-<H="'Y'Q#.$I-'
0"P8;:<"&."'@C:'/"0"-'
0"P8;:'"0'$=="D="&;H:"'
"&':-0'J-<H="0BN
7)5N#&!N#$.,+&!&+!3+-!2,+&4#-(1#&! (! 1+$#&M8*-*&+$,&8#,0,0&$0&3$,0&
1+&+$2+[#! &+<)('K! Y&/#!&+! ,+'(54#-(! /($.4Q-!5#-!'(!+<2#&4549-!(!&4/)(M54#-+&!1+!,4+&>#8!(!2)-/#!1+! 1+&5)41(,! &)! 2,#24(!
&+<)('41(1! ?! /+-4+-1#!!,+'(54#-+&! &+<)('+&! &4-!2,#/+5549-8! ! 5,+?+-1#!+$,&.)6)&?)63*,7&0)&1,&
2(&(,%!-(1(K!
X-<H="'Y'
X"."=-0"P8;:'@Q'.-/-'
J-<H="':"'T80.;&':;0'
<8M"="0BN
\(! $(&5)'4-41(1! N+M>+$9-45(! +&/%! ,+'(54#M-(1(! (! '(! 34,4'41(1! ?! '(!
156 157156 157
,+2,#1)5549-8! 2#,! +''#!1+&1+! +&/(! 2+,&2+5/43(!+<4&/+! /+$#,!+-!+'! (5+,M5($4+-/#!1+!'#&!5)+,2#&!$(&5)'4-#&! f(.,(Z(,8!.+&(,g8! $%&! (V-! +<4&/+!$4+1#! 1+! '(! N#$#&+M=$-1#<-<%& ()*& 1)& +$,&
1+&1+! +&/(! 2+,&2+5/43(!7,&<,7.-1#"#.-*C& 8)<-& 1-7&
+<2,+&4#-+&! $(&5)'4-(&!+$,&0)&.$6(1-0&.)0&,78,&
$(-1(/#K
158 159158 159
160 161160 161
6789'"0'":'<;#J$0<->
H4!!.4+-!!+<4&/+-!!$V'/42'+&!!$(-+,(&!!1+!!&+,!!N#$.,+8!!-)+&/,(!5)'/),(!!!2,#$)+3+!!$0&&6)<,1)&&<,&?)63*,&+$,&&
&+! 4$2#-+! &#.,+! #/,#&8! ?!,+5N(Z(!'#!6+$+-4-#K
7)5N#&! N#$.,+&! &4>)+-!+&/#&! 2(/,#-+&! ?! &+! 3+-!#.'4>(1#&! (! 1+$#&/,(,!.)08#0$-6,08,& +$,& 7$7&
162 163162 163
5#$2#,/($4+-/#&!&#-!'#&!/I245#&! 5#$2#,/($4+-/#&!$(&5)'4-#&!(5+2/(1#&!+-!'(!6+1(1K!
Y&/(! 6#,$(! 1+! +-/+-1+,!'#! $(&5)'4-#! +&/%! .(M&(1(! +-! )-! 5#-*)-/#! 1+!.*,,0.#-7& +$,& 7,& ,07,M[(-!(! '#&!N#$.,+&8!(&4>M-%-1#'+&! 1+/+,$4-(1#&!2,434'+>4#&8!&)2+,4#,41(18!!2#1+,!?!()/#,41(1!6,+-/+!
(!'(&!$)*+,+&8!?!&+!5#-#M5+! 5#$#! $(&5)'4-41(1!$(5N4&/(K
6,%<-'0"'"PE="0;'":'
<;#J$0<-'"&':;'D;<$:$;>
H+!+<2,+&(!5)(-1#^
! Y'!2(1,+!+&!+'!V-45#!!+$,&,H,*.,&,1&()<,*&
&#.,+!'(!+&2#&(!+!N4*#&`(&K
164 165164 165
! Y'!2(1,+!1+541+!&#'#!'#&!>(&/#&!1+'!N#>(,K
! \#&!3(,#-+&!1+!'(!5(&(!-#!5#$2(,/+-!'(&!'(.#,+&!5#/414(-(&!!1+'!N#>(,^!.(,,+,8!'(3(,!'#&!2'(/#&8!+/5
! \#&!N4*#&!3(,#-+&!/4+-+-!$(?#,!'4.+,/(1!2(,(!&('4,!(!'(!5(''+8!"#,78-7&)&7-1#*&.)0&7$7&
($4&/(1+&K!
6,%<-'0"'"PE="0;'
":'<;#J$0<-'"&':;'
E;="M;>
H+!+<2,+&(!5)(-1#^! Y<4&/+!4-/,#$4&49-!+-!'(!341(!2,43(1(!1+!'(!2(,+*(^!,+34&(,!&)!5+')'(,8!S(5+.##i8!+/5K
! "#!&+!,+&2+/(!&)!6#,$(!1+!3+&/4,!#!6-+$#11-*7,A
166 167166 167
! H+!'+!2,#NI.+!(!'(!2(,+*(!3+,!(!&)&!($4&/(1+&K
! "#!&+!/#$(!+-!5)+-/(!&)&!#24-4#-+&K
! H+!N(5+!5(&#!#$4&#!1+!&)&!-+5+&41(1+&K
! H+!'+!N(5+!.)6,08-*#)7&+$,&1-&
1+>,(1(-!#!1+-4>,(-!2#,!&)!5#-14549-!1+!$)*+,K
170 171170 171
?$.-0'<;#J$0.;0
\#&!$4/#&!$(5N4&/(&!+&M/%-!,+&2('1(1#&!2#,!)-(!7).#,<-<& +$,& 8)<-D/-&
.)07#<,*-& +$,& 1-&6$H,*&
1+.+!+&/(,!&).#,14-(1(!('!N#$.,+!?!.)&5(-!*)&M8#"#.-*& 1-& D#)1,0.#-& 7$8#1&
?! '(! 34#'+-54(! +<2'I54/(!?-.#-&,11-7&)&8)<)&-+$,M11)& +$,& *,(*,7,08,& 1)&!6+$+-4-#K
?$.-)'@[-=F8"'R-'0-R'":'
J-<H="'."&T-'/"="#J-'
;'/"#$/$='#-&'F8$9&'
#-&I"=0;'"::;'R'E8"/-'
<$=;='08'#":8:;='E;=;'
I"='F8$9&':;'::;<;N']-'
0-:-':;'#8$/-BN
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! R(1(!2+,&#-(!+&!'4.,+!1+!1+54M<#*&.)0&+$#G0&7-1,&)&.)0&
+$#G0& 7,& D-& & *,1-.#)0-*A&
L,(/(,! 1+! 1+5414,! +&/#!
172 173172 173
2#,! '(! #/,(! 2+,&#-(! ?!,+34&(,!&)&!5#&(&!2+,&#M-('+&! +&! )-(! 6#,$(! 1+!>-18-*1,& *,7(,8)& +$,& 0)&
1+.+$#&!/#'+,(,K
?$.-)'@A-0'J-<H="0'
0-<-0'08E"=$-="0';'
:;0'<8M"="0^'E-='"0-'
."&"<-0'=;U%&'"&'.-/-BN
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! =#$M.,+&! ?! $)*+,+&! /+-+$#&!'#&! $4&$#&! 1+,+5N#&!
-(14+!+&!&)2+,4#,8!&+,!14M>,*,08,7& 0)& H$78#"#.-& +$,&
7,& <,3-& H$78#"#.-*& 1-& <,7M4>)('1(1! 5#-! 1+&3+-/(*(!2(,(! '(&! $)*+,+&8! 1+&5#M-#54+-1#! (&I! &)&! #24-4#M-+&8!&+-/4$4+-/#&!#!1+54M&4#-+&K
?$.-)'@C:'/"0"-'0"P8;:'
"&'":'J-<H="'"0'
$&#-&.=-:;H:"BN
174 175174 175
C0' D;:0-'E-=F8")! +'! 1+M&+#! &+<)('! -#! 1+2+-1+!1+'! >Q-+,#! 1+! '(&! 2+,M&#-(&8! &4-#! 1+'! /+$2+M,($+-/#!1+! '(&!$4&$(&K!0#,! +''#! 2)+1+-! +<4&/4,!!5N45#&! ! 5#-! 2#5#! 1+&+#!&+<)('! 5#$#! 5N45(&! 5#-!$)5N#!1+&+#!&+<)('K!Y-!/#1#!5(&#! '#! 4$2#,/(-/+!,7& +$,& 1-& 7,=$-1#<-<& <,&
'(!2(,+*(!1+.+!&+,!)-!+&M2(54#!1+!+-5)+-/,#!5#-M
&+-&)(1#8! ?! +-! -4->V-!5(&#!!)-(!4$2#&4549-!1+'!3(,9-K
?$.-)'@C::;'E=-I-#%'
F8"'R-'<"'"&-M;=;'R'
E-='"0-':;';T="/KBN
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! Y-!
-)+&/,(! 6+1(18! $)M.?)7& ?)63*,7& +$,& 7,&
,4>+-! 2#,! 2(/,#-+&! $(M5N4&/(&! N(-! (2,+-141#!
176 177176 177
,+$#D).-<-6,08,&-&$7-*&
'(!34#'+-54(!5#$#!$+14#!<,&.)08*)1A&X,3,&+$,<-*&
.1-*)& +$,& +$#,0& ,H,*.,&
34#'+-54(! 1+.+! ,+&2#-M&(.4'4Z(,&+! 1+! &)&! (5/#&!@&0)&H$78#"#.-*1)7&.$1(-0M1#!(!'(!3I5/4$(K
178 179178 179
,-&0"#8"&#$;0'/":'
<;#J$0<-
H4! .4+-! '(! $(&5)'4-41(1!$(5N4&/(! ! #/#,>(!)-(! &+M,4+!1+!2,434'+>4#&!('!3(,9-8!-&1-*4)&(1-F)&,1&(*,.#)&+$,&
2(>(-! '#&! N#$.,+&! ! 2#,!!8*-8-*& <,& <,6)78*-*& +$,&
&#-!T3+,1(1+,#&!$(5N#&U!+&! ('/I&4$#! ?! /4+-+! 5#-M&+5)+-54(&! +-! &)! &(')1!!"/7#.-%&,6).#)0-1&&@&7)3*,&
/#1#!'+&!4$241+!!/+-+,!,+M'(54#-+&! (,$#-4#&(&! 5#-!&)!2(,+*(!?!'(!6($4'4(K
6,%<-';D"#.;'":'
<;#J$0<-';':-0'
J-<H="0>
! \#&!N#$.,+&!343+-!+&/,+&(1#&!2#,!/+-+,!+$,&6)78*-*&7#,6(*,&
&)!$(&5)'4-41(1^!&+,!6)+,/+&8!3('4+-/+&8!
180 181180 181
2,#/+5/#,+&8!(5/43#&!&+<)('$+-/+8!+/5K
! "#!+&/%-!2+,$4/41#&!1+!+<2,+&(,!&)&!+$#54#-+&!f/,4&/+Z(8!1#'#,8!''(-/#8!/+,-),(8!(6+5/#g8!+''#!!'+&!2,#3#5(!&#'+1(1!?!+&!)-!,4+&>#!1+!$V'/42'+&!+-6+,$+1(1+&K
! H+!/#,-(-!4-+<2,+&43#&8!2#5#!(6+5/43#&!?!+>#I&/(&!+-!&)!,+'(549-!1+!2(,+*(K
! R)(-1#!&#-!2(1,+&8!-#!2)+1+-!14&6,)/(,!1+!)-(!2(/+,-41(1!5+,5(-(!?!(6+5/)#&(!5#-!&)&!N4*#&`(&K
6,%<-';D"#.;'":'
<;#J$0<-';':;0'
<8M"="0>
! \+&!4$241+!+*+,5+,!+'!2'+-#!+*+,5454#!1+!&)&!1+,+5N#&K
182 183182 183
6,%<-';D"#.;'":'
<;#J$0<-';':;'
E-H:;#$%&'A_W`a>
]-#!1+!'#&!$(-1(/#&!$(M5N4&/(&! +&! '(! N#$#6#.4(8!+&! 1+54,! +'! ,+5N(Z#! (! '(&!2+,&#-(&!N#$#&+<)('+&!#!?-.#-&-+$,11)7&?)63*,7&@&
6$H,*,7&+$,&?-0&7-1#<)&<,&
'#&!2(/,#-+&!$(&5)'4-#&!#!>,6,0#0)7&+$,&1-&7).#,<-<&
+<4>+K!:'!&+,!'(!N#$#6#.4(8!
'+&.#6#.4(8!/,(-&6#.4(8!)-(!$(-46+&/(549-!1+!$(5N4&M$#8! 4-/+-/(! (&+>),(,&+!+$,&0-<#,&($,<-&.)0>$0<#*&
(! )-! N#$.,+! $(&5)'4-#8!$(5N#8! N+/+,#&+<)('! 5#-!(,*7)0-7& +$,& 8#,0,0& $0-&
#,4+-/(549-! &+<)('! 146+M,+-/+K! _+! +&/(! 6#,$(! +'!$(5N4&$#! ,+5N(Z(! '(! 14M3+,&41(1! &+<)('! ?! +&! )-(!+<2,+&49-! 1+! 14&5,4$4-(M549-!1+!>Q-+,#K
186 187186 187
["=-'J;R'-.=;'D-=<;'
/"'0"='J-<H="0
"#! +&/%&! #.'4>(1#! (! ,+M2+/4,!'#&!5#$2#,/($4+-M/#&! $(5N4&/(&K! 0)+1+&!+'+>4,! ! &+,! )-! N#$.,+!14&/4-/#^!
! _+$)+&/,(!/)!(6+5/4341(1!&4-!/+$#,!('!&+[('($4+-/#!6('K
! \'#,(!5)(-1#!-+5+&4/+&!N(5+,'#K
! 0(,/4542(!1+!'(&!/(,+(&!1+!5(&(8!+&#!-#!/+!N(5+!$+-#&!N#$.,+8!/+!N(5+!4-1+2+-14+-/+K
! :/,Q3+/+!(!1+&(,,#''(,!/)!2#/+-54('41(18!4-5')&#!+-!#5)2(54#-+&!-#!/,(1454#-('+&^!,+2#&/+,I(8!1+5#,(549-!)!#/,(&8!
188 189188 189
&4-!/+$#,!(!'#&!2,+*)454#&!6('+&K
! Y<2,+&(!5#-!8*-0+$#1#<-<&
?!,+&2+/#!/)&!#24-4#-+&8!1+&+#&!?!&+-/4$4+-/#&K
! 7(-+*(!+'!+-#*#8!&4-!(5)14,!(!'(!4,(!#!34#'+-54(K!!
190 191190 191
,8;&/-';H;&/-&;0'
":'<;#J$0<-
! L+!&+-/4,%&!!$)5N#!$%&!'4.,+8!&4-!'(!#.'4>(549-!1+!&+,!6)+,/+!(-/+!'#&!1+$%&!?!(-/+!/4!$4&$#K
! :'!(.(-1#-(,!+'!$(5N4&$#!/+!5#-34+,/+&!+-!)-(!2+,&#-(!$%&!*)&/(!?!&#'41(,4(K
! L4+-+&!'(!2#&4.4'41(1!1+!+<2,+&(,!'4.,+$+-/+!/#1(&!/)&!+$#54#-+&K
! _4&6,)/(&!1+!)-(!$+*#,!,+'(549-!5#-!/)!2(,+*(K
! a(-(&!()/#+&/4$(!?!5,+5+&!5#$#!2+,&#-(K
! L+!&+-/4,%&!$+*#,!5#-!/)!+-/#,-#!?!1-7&(,*7)0-7&+$,&
+$#,*,7A
195194194 195
Y-!+&/(! &+5549-! +-M5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!+'!(5#&#!&+<)('!+-!+&2(54#&! 2V.'45#&8! )-(!1+!'(&!6#,$(&!1+!34#'+-M.#-& ?-.#-& 1-& 6$H,*& +$,&
$)5N(&!3+5+&!+&!/#'+,(1(8!-#,$('4Z(1(! +! 4-34&4M.4'4Z(1(! +-! '(! 6+1(1!5#$#! )-! ,+('! 2,#.'+$(!2(,(!'(&!$)*+,+&K
Q#-0-'0"P8;:'"&'
"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0'
6789'"0>
K,& *,"#,*,& -& 1-7& >*-7,7%&
>+&/#&8! $4,(1(&! 4-3(M&43(&8! &4'.41#&8! &#-41#&!1+! .+&#&8! /#5($4+-/#&!4-1+&+(1#&8! $(&/),.(M549-! 2V.'45(8! +<N4.454#M-4&$#8! &+>)4$4+-/#! ! f(!24+!#!+-!()/#g8! /#$(!1+!>)8)4*-"/-7%& ,08*,& )8*)7%&
197196196 197
5#-!)-!+341+-/+!5(,%5/+,!&+<)('8! '#&! 5)('+&! >+-+M*-0& *,.?-F)& @& +$,& 7)0&
,+('4Z(1#&! +-! '(&! 5(''+&8!5(,,#&!?!1+$%&!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&K
=#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&!2)+M1+-! &)6,4,! &4/)(54#-+&!1+! (5#! 2+,#! +&! $%&!6,+5)+-/+!+-!$)*+,+&K
201200200 201
"/7#.-%&7#0&,63-*4)&->,.8-&
(!'(&!$)*+,+&!1+!$(-+,(!-+>(/43(K!
H+! (5#&/)$.,(! +-! +&/(!6+1(1! 5)'2(.4'4Z(,! (!1-& 6$H,*%& H$78#"#.-0<)&!145N(!!(5549-!?!N(54+-1#!!5#$+-/(,4#&!5#$#^
! TY&/%&!$)?!1+&5).4+,/(!2#,!+&#!/+!2(&(!+&#UK
678$9&"0'0-&':-0'
;#-0;/-="0>
a+-+,('$+-/+! +'! (5#&(M1#,! +&! )-! N#$.,+! 1+&M5#-#541#!#!)-!>,)2#!1+!N#$.,+&!1+&5#-#541#&K
a<E-=.;&."'#-&-#"=
Y'!(5#&#!&+<)('!+-!+&2(M54#&!2V.'45#&!#!/($.4Q-!''($(1#! (5#&#! &+<)('!5(''+*+,#8! +&! )-(! (>,+M7#50&+$,&0)&<,H-&?$,11-&
203202202 203
!! TY-!,+('41(1!'+&!4$78-&+$,&1-7&
24,#2++-8!2#,!+&#!-#!145+-!-(1(UK
& LK#&0)&1,7&4$78-&+$,&
'+&!14>(-!-(1(!+&!()*+$,&7,4$*)&)<#-0&
(!'#&!N#$.,+&UK
207206206 207
,-<"&.;=$-0'"'
$&0$&8;#$-&"0'/"'
#;=G#."='0"P8;:
H#-!2('(.,(&!#!6,(&+&!&).4M1(&!1+!/#-#!#!5#$+-/(,4#&!5#-!('/#!5#-/+-41#!&+<)('K
_"0.-0'-H0#"&-0'F8"'
="08:."&'$&0-E-=.;H:"0^'
J-0.$:"0^'J8<$::;&."0'8'
-D"&0$I-0
Y&/#&! >+&/#&! 34+-+-!(5#$2([(1#&!1+!!2('(.,(&!
6,8G:"0'0-&':-0'.$E-0'/"';#-0-'0"P8;:'"&'"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0>
H#-^
Q#.-0'0$:"&#$-0-0'/"'
&;.8=;:"U;'0"P8;:^'
I"=H;:'-'T"0.8;:
H+! ,+64+,+! (! $4,(1(&!4-(2,#24(1(&! #! >+&/#&!5#-! 5#-/+-41#! &+<)('!+$,& 4,0,*-0& #07,4$*#M1(18!$4+1#8!3+,>c+-Z(K!
209208208 209
1-7& ?)*-7& ,0& +$,& 1)7&
9$-4.)&! +&/%-! 5#$2'+M/($+-/+! ''+-#&! 2(,(! ,#M&(,8!/#5(,!#!$(-#&+(,!+'!5)+,2#!1+!!'(&!$)*+,+&K!
CPJ$H$#$%&'/"'
T"&$.;:"0'
B,7,&-&+$,&7,&8*-8-&<,&$0&
(5/#!1+!34#'+-54(! &+<)('!7#0& .)08-.8)& "/7#.)%& ,78-&
$#1('41(1!+&!)-(!1+!'(&!$%&!1+-4>,(-/+&K
D$14-*,7& +$,& ($,<,0&
N(5+,!(')&49-!('!5)+,2#!1+!'(!$)*+,K
W-#;<$"&.-0'$&/"H$/-0^'
=-0"0'#-=E-=;:"0^'
D=-.;<$"&.-0'#-&.=;'":'
#8"=E-'-'<;0.8=H;#$%&'
Y&/(!$#1('41(1!1+!(5#&#!&+<)('!&+!,+('4Z(!5#$V-M$+-/+! +-! '#&! 3+NI5)'#&!1+!/,(&2#,/+!2V.'45#8!'#&!(5#&(1#,+&! (2,#3+5N(-!
213212212 213
,8G:"0'0-&':;0''
#;=;#."=K0.$#;0'F8"'
#-<E="&/"'":';#-0-'
0"P8;:'"&'"0E;#$-0'
ESH:$#-0
Y'! (5#&#! &+<)('! +-! +&2(M54#&!2V.'45#&!+&!,+('4Z(1#!2#,! N#$.,+&! $(5N4&/(&!+$,&3$7.-0&7)6,8,*&-&1-7&
$)*+,+&! (! /,(3Q&! 1+! +&/(!6#,$(!1+!34#'+-54(! &4'+-M54(1(!+-!'(!6+1(1K!
T)0&,1&-.)7)%&7,&L.)7#"#.-M&
(!'(&!$)*+,+&!?!&)!5)+,2#K!
Y&/(&! (554#-+&! ,+3+'(-!,+'(54#-+&! 1+! 2#1+,! +-M/,+! >Q-+,#&8! 2)+&! &#-!,+('4Z(1(&! &#.,+! /#1#!2#,! N#$.,+&! ?! ,+5(+-!6)-1($+-/('$+-/+!&#.,+!$)*+,+&8!+-!'(!$(?#,I(!1+!5(&#&8!,+('4Z%-1#'#&!&#'#&!#!+-!>,)2#K!"#!&+!1(!1+!'(!$4&$(!6#,$(!?!6,+5)+-54(!
215214214 215
+-! /#1#&! '#&! >,)2#&! 1+!+1(1K! H+>V-! 143+,&#&!+&/)14#&8! &+! N(! 2#141#!.)6(*)3-*& +$,& 1-7&6C7&
(6+5/(1(&! &#-! '(&! 2V.+M,+&!#!(1#'+&5+-/+&K!
R#-! +'! (5#&#! &+<)('! &+!+341+-54(! 5'(,($+-/+! +'!+*+,5454#! $(5N4&/(! 1+'!2#1+,! 1+'! N#$.,+! N(54(!1-&6$H,*%&-&+$#,0&D,&.)6)&
'(!!$%&!1Q.4'K!
Y'! (5#&#! &+<)('! +-! +&2(M54#&!2V.'45#&!(6+5/(!(!'(&!6$H,*,7&()*+$,Q
! "#!2)+1+-!14&6,)/(,!1+!'(!54)1(1!?!&)&!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&!5#-!'4.+,/(1K
! H+!3+!'4$4/(1#!&)!1+,+5N#!(!'(!&+>),41(1K
& P#,0,0&+$,&
(,07-*&+$G&8*-H,&)&
217216216 217
3+&/4$+-/(!)/4'4Z(,!2(,(!-#!&+,!(5#&(1(K
! 0)+1+-!+&/,+&(,&+!#!&+-/4,!2%-45#!1+!'#&!N#$.,+&K
! Y-!('>)-#&!5(&#&8!&+!(I&'(-!#!&+!2,43(-!1+'!+&2(54#!(I31#.)%&()*+$,&1)&
5#-&41+,(-!2+'4>,#&#!?!($+-(Z(-/+K
! H)!&4/)(549-!+&!1+&4>)('!,+&2+5/#!(!
'(!1+!'#&!N#$.,+&8!@-&+$,&,11)7&($,<,0&
1+&2'(Z(,&+!(.4+,/($+-/+!2#,!'(!$(?#,I(!1+!5(''+&8!&4-!-4->)-(!,+&/,45549-!?!+''(&!-#K
! Y-!/('+&!54,5)-&/(-54(&8!('>)-(&!$)*+,+&!8#,0,0&+$,&<,7-**)11-*&
+&/,(/+>4(&!4-14341)('+&!#!
219218218 219
5#'+5/43(&!2(,(!2,#/+>+,!&)!4-/+>,41(1!?!2(,/4542(,!1+!'(!341(!6('!&#'#!2#,!+'!N+5N#!1+!&+,!$)*+,+&K
223222222 223
V-=<;0'F8"'E=-."b
T"&';&."'0$.8;#$-&"0'
/"'';#-0-'0"P8;:'"&'
"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0'
\(!\+?!FjFAD8!T\+?!2(,(!2,+3+-4,! ?! &(-54#-(,! +'!(5#&#!&+<)('!+-!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&U!/4+-+!2#,!#.*+M/#! 2,+3+-4,! ?! &(-54#-(,!+'! (5#&#! &+<)('!2,#1)54M1#! +-! +&2(54#&! 2V.'45#&!+$,& ->,.8-0& 1)7& <,*,.?)7&
225224224 225
1+! '(&! 2+,&#-(&8! +&! +&2+M54('8! '#&! 1+,+5N#&! 1+! '(&!$)*+,+&K0(,(! +6+5/#&! 1+! '(! \+?!FjFAD^! :5#&(1#,!#!(5#&(1#,(!+&!/#1(!(,*7)0-&+$,&*,-1#F-&)-!(5/#!#!(5/#&!1+!(5#&#!&+<)('!+-!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&K
! :5#&(1#!#!(5#&(1(!,7&8)<-&(,*7)0-&+$,&+&!3I5/4$(!1+!(5#&#!
&+<)('!+-!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&K
Y'!R914>#!0+-('!2+,)(-#!+-! +'! (,/I5)'#!AGF!$+-M54#-(! '#!&4>)4+-/+K!TH+,%!,+2,4$41#!5#-!2+-(!2,4M3(/43(8! 1+! '4.+,/(1! -#!$+-#,! 1+! 1#&! ([#&! +'!+$,%& ,0& 1$4-*& (I31#.)%&,+('4Z(! +<N4.454#-4&$#8!>+&/#&8! /#5($4+-/#&! )!#/,(! 5#-1)5/(!1+! I-1#'+!#.&5+-(UK
229228228 229
Q:T8&-0'#-&0"M-0'
D="&."';:';#-0-'"&'
"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0)
! H4!#.&+,3(&!(5/#&!1+!-(/),('+Z(!&+<)('8!!3+,.('!#!>+&/)('8!-#!1)1+&!+-!2+14,!(?)1(!!(!'(&!2+,&#-(&!+$,&,78C0&-&8$&1-<)&
#!5+,5(!1+!/4K!].45(!(!)-!+6+5/43#!2#'454('!
#!)-!(>+-/+!1+!7,*,0-F4)&(-*-&+$,&
8)6,&1-7&6,<#<-7&+$,&
5#,,+&2#-1+-K
! H4!+,+&!#.*+/#!1+!/#5($4+-/#&!4-1+.41#&8!,#&+&!5#,2#,('+&8!6,#/($4+-/#&!5#-/,(!+'!5)+,2#!#!$(&/),.(549-!+-!+'!/,(-&2#,/+!2V.'45#8!,7&0,.,7-*#)&+$,&,1&
231230230 231
(>,+&#,!&+(!1+/+-41#8!<,3#<)&-&+$,&($,<,&
,+('4Z(,!+&/#&!(5/#&!4$2)-+$+-/+!5#-!$%&!$)*+,+&8!241+!(?)1(!('!5N#6+,8!('!5#.,(1#,!?!(!'(&!1+$%&!2+,&#-(&!+$,&7,&,0.$,08*,0&
+-!+'!9$-4.)&!2(,(!1+/+-+,'#!?!''+3(,'#!(!'(!()/#,41(1!5#$2+/+-/+!(-*-&+$,&*,.)0)F.-&,1&
1+'4/#!5#$+/41#K!
! Y'!+<N4.454#-4&$#!1+!>+-4/('+&!+-!+'!/,(&2#,/+!#!')>(,+&!2V.'45#&8!!/($.4Q-!+&!)-(!6#,$(!1+!34#'+-54(!7,=$-1&+$,&<,3,&7,*&
1+-)-54(1(K
! \(!2#'45I(!/4+-+!+'!1+.+,!1+!$(-/+-+,!+'!#,1+-!2V.'45#!2#,!1)&+$,%&.$-1+$#,*&-.8)&
+$,&-8,08,&.)08*-&,78,%&
233232232 233
1+.+!&+,!(/+-141#!2#,!+&/(!4-&/4/)549-8!+&!+'!$4&$#!5(&#!5#-!+'!2+,&#-('!1+'!&+,+-(Z>#K
! H4!+,+&!$+-#,!1+!+1(1!+<4&/4,%-!$(?#,+&!*-F)0,7&(-*-&+$,&
'(&!()/#,41(1+&!/+!2,#/+*(-!?!-#!1+.+&!2+,1+,!'(!#2#,/)-41(1!1+!N(5+,!&(.+,!(!)-!
,>,.8#D)&)"#.#-1%&(#<,&
(?)1(!(!'(&!2+,&#-(&!-<$18-7&+$,&,78C0&
*)-/#!(!/4K
! H4!('>V-!N#$.,+!/+!6(&/414(8!2#,!+*+$2'#!&4!/+!$#'+&/(!5)(-1#!&('+&!1+'!5#'+>4#8!!5#$)-I5('#!(!'(&!2+,&#-(&!(1)'/(&8!2(1,+&8!2,#6+&#,+&!#!14,+5/#,!1+!'(!PKYK!2(,(!
235234234 235
+$,&($,<-0,*D,0#*&
,%241($+-/+K!!
! 041+!(!/)!/)/#,`(!1+!1-&UA:A&+$,&7,&?-31,&<,&
+&/+!/+$(!+-!'(!5'(&+K
H4! +,+&! /+&/4>#! 1+! )-(! &4M/)(549-!1+!(5#&#!N(54(!)-(!$)*+,^
! 0)+1+&!N(5+,!5#-/(5/#!34&)('!5#-!+'!(>,+&#,!5)(-1#!Q&/+!&+!
+-5)+-/,+!$4,(-1#!4-3(&43($+-/+!(!)-(!$)*+,K!R)(-1#!)-!(>,+&#,!&+!&4+-/+!#.&+,3(1#!2#,!#/,#!N#$.,+8!2#-+!('/#!(!&)!(5#&#K
! H+-&4.4'4Z(!(!#/,#&!N#$.,+&!2(,(!1+/+-+,!+'!(5#&#!+-!'#&!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&K!\#&!24,#2#&8!'(&!$4,(1(&!4-3(&43(&!
237236236 237
)!#/,(&!6#,$(&!1+!(5#&#!&#-!)-!(/,#2+''#!(!'(!4-/4$41(1!1+!'(&!$)*+,+&!?!)-(!6#,$(!<,&D#)1,0.#-&+$,&0)&7,&
1+.+!/#'+,(,K
239
240 241
:! 5#-/4-)(549-! /+!.,4-1($#&! 4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+! '(! 34#'+-54(! 6($4M1#-*&+$,&->,.8-&-&$0&4*-0&
-V$+,#! 1+! -4[#&8! -4[(&!?! (1#'+&5+-/+&! ?! 59$#!2,+3+-4,'(K!L($.4Q-! +-M5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!<,& 1-7& #078#8$.#)0,7& +$,&
2,+&/(-! #,4+-/(549-! ?!(?)1(! (! '(&! 2+,&#-(&!
(6+5/(1(&! 2#,! 34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!+-!+'!0+,VK
6789'"0':;'I$-:"&#$;>
;4#'+-54(! +&! 5)(-1#! ('M>)4+-!)/4'4Z(!&)!6)+,Z(!#!(.)&(!1+!&)!2#1+,!2(,(!'(&/4$(,! (! #/,#`(! 5#-!4-/+-54#-('41(1K
242 243
6789'"0':;'I$-:"&#$;'
D;<$:$;=>
;4#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,! +&! 5)('M+$#,*& -..#50& )& .)0<$.8-&+$,&.-$7-&6$,*8,%&<-E)&)&&)6,4$4+-/#! +-/,+! '#&! 4-M/+>,(-/+&! 1+! )-(! 6($4'4(K!0)+1+!$(-46+&/(,&+!1+!6#,M6-& (7#.)154#.-%& "/7#.-%& 7,M<)('! +! 4-5')&#! +5#-9$45(K!!\(!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!(6+5/(!'(!&(')1!4-/+>,('!1+!'(!2+,M&#-(!?!&)!.4+-+&/(,K
\(!34#'+-54(!1([(!(!'(&!6(M6#1#-7&@&0)&?-@&0-<-&+$,&1-& H$78#"#+$,A& :0& 8$& ?)4-*&#! 5#-! /)! 2(,+*(! 2)+1+-!,=#78#*& .*#7#7& @& .)0"1#.8)7%&&#-!-#,$('+&8!2+,#!+&/#!&+!2)+1+!&#')54#-(,!$+14(-M/+!+'!14%'#>#8!'(!/#'+,(-54(!?!+'!,+&2+/#!(!'(&!146+,+-54(&K!
O)7&.)0"1#.8)7&@& 1-&D#)1,0M54(! -#! &#-! '#! $4&$#d! '(!34#'+-54(! -#! +&! -#,$('! ?!
244 245
1+.+$#&! N(5+,! ('>#! 2(,(!1+/+-+,'(K! \(&! 2+,&#-(&!/4+-+-!1+,+5N#!(!+-#*(,&+!?!+<2,+&(,!&)!$#'+&/4(!&4-!5()&(,!1([#!-4!+*+,5+,!34#M'+-54(! 5#-/,(! #/,#! $4+$M.,#!1+!'(!6($4'4(K
0#1+$#&! 2,+3+-4,! '(! 34#M'+-54(! &4! +-/,+! '#&! $4+$M.,#&! 1+! '(! 6($4'4(! +<4&/+!!4>)('1(1!1+!#2#,/)-41(M1+&!?!,+&2+/#K
246 247
W$E-0'/"'I$-:"&#$;
9/#3)-2/,% 01*/2,! +&!5)(-1#! /+! (>,+1+-! $+M14(-/+!>#'2+&8!+$2)*#-+&8!!2(/(1(&8! .#6+/(1(&8! ,+M/#,541(&!1+'!.,(Z#8!+-/,+!#/,(&K
Y'`'(! (>,+&#,`(! N(5+! )&#!<,& 1-& >$,*F-& "/7#.-& )& <,&('>V-! /42#! 1+! ! #.*+/#! )!-*6-&+$,&($,<-&(*)D).-*&!'+&4#-+&8! N(&/(! 2#1,I(!&+,! 2+'4>,#&#! ?! 5()&(,! '(!$)+,/+K
248 249
Z$-:"&#$;'E0$#-:%T$#;K,& *,"#,*,& -& 1-& -4*,M&49-! (! /,(3Q&! 1+! >,4/#&8!4-&)'/#&8! 1+&2,+54#&8!.),'(&8! 4,#-I(&8! &4/)(M54#-+&! 1+! 5#-/,#'8! N)M$4''(54#-+&8! ($+-(Z(&!?! #/,(&! (554#-+&! 2(,(!1+&/,)4,! &)! ()/#+&/4$(K!Y'`'(! (>,+&#,`(! .)&5(!5#-/,#'(,8!$(-42)'(,8!&+-M8#*&+$,&8#,0,&()<,*%&7)3*,&'(! #/,(! 2+,&#-(8! ''+3(-1#!-& +$,& (#,*<-& 7$& (*)(#-&3#')-/(1K
250 251
Z$-:"&#$;'0"P8;:
Y&!#.'4>(,!(!)-(!2+,&#-(!(!+$,&*,-1#.,&-.8)7&7,=$-1,7&
+-!5#-/,(!1+!&)!3#')-/(1KL($.4Q-!5#$2,+-1+!(5/#&!!1+! (>,+&49-! &+<)('! &4-!5#-&+-/4$4+-/#^! 5(,454(&8!.+&#&8! /#5($4+-/#&8! +<M2#&4549-! (! 4$%>+-+&! 1+!.)08,0#<)&()*0)4*C"#.)&@&
#/,#&K
252 253
Z$-:"&#$;'"#-&%<$#;'-'
E;.=$<-&$;:
Y&! '(! (5549-! )! #$4&49-!+$,& 7,& <#*#4,& -& ).-7#)M-(,! )-! 2+,*)454#! +-! '#&!,+5),&#&! +5#-9$45#&!#! 2(/,4$#-4('+&! 1+! '(!2+,&#-(! (! /,(3Q&! 1+'!5#-/,#'!1+!&)&!4->,+&#&8!'(! 2,43(549-! 1+! $+14#&!2(,(! &(/4&6(5+,! &)&! -+M5+&41(1+&8! '(! 1+&/,)5M549-8! #5)'/($4+-/#! 1+!
1#5)$+-/#&!2+,&#-('+&!)!#/,(&!(554#-+&K
?;:.=;.-'a&D;&.$:
Y&! 5)(-1#! )-(! 2+,&#-(!(1)'/(!1([(! !1+!$(-+,(!4-/+-54#-('! (! )-`(! $+M-#,! 1+! +1(18! (6+5/(-1#!&)! 1+&(,,#''#! 4-/+>,('!?! 3)'-+,(-1#! &)&! 1+,+M5N#&K! Y'!$('/,(/#! 4-6(-/4'!($,<,& 7,*& "/7#.)%& ,6)M54#-('! #! (.)&#! &+<)('K!
254 255
Y-! -)+&/,(! 6+1(1! &+!8)1,*-& ,1& .-78#4)& "/7#.)& -&
6,0)*,7& ()*+$,& 7,& .*,,&
,**50,-6,08,&+$,&,7&$0-&
('/+,-(/43(! 2(,(! 5#,,+>4,!)-!$('!5#$2#,/($4+-/#K!
c-<E;<-0'#-&'
;F8"::-0'?aWd!'F8"'
:'*+/0/2,-%3,%;/#3)-2/,
\#&!$4/#&! &#-! 41+(&! 6('M7-7& +$,& 7,& ,0.$,08*-0&
-(/),('4Z(1(&! +-! '(! &#M
256 257
.#,<-<& @& +$,& H$78#"#.-0&
'(! 34#'+-54(K! _+.+$#&!,#$2+,!5#-!+''#&K
'@X-<H="0'R'<8M"="0'
J;&'E":";/-'0$"<E="^'
"0'&;.8=;:BN
C0' D;:0-N! Y-! /)! 6($4'4(!#! 5#-! /)! 2(,+*(! 2)+1+!?-3,*& .)0"1#.8)7%& 0)& ,7&
-+5+&(,4#! ,+&#'3+,'#&!$+14(-/+! '(! 34#'+-54(8!
+&/(! &#'#! (>,(3(,%! +'!2,#.'+$(! ?! /,(+,%! 4-&(M/4&6(5549-!6($4'4(,K
@A;'#-&/8#.;'I$-:"&.;'
"0'&;.8=;:'"&':-0''
J-<H="0BN'
C0'D;:0-N!H4!'#&!N#$.,+&!&+,I(-!34#'+-/#&!2#,!-(M/),('+Z(! &+,I(-! (&I! 5#-!/#1(&! '(&! 2+,&#-(&! ?! +-!/#1(&! '(&! 54,5)-&/(-54(K!
260 261
k)4+-! +*+,5+! 34#'+-54(8!1+541+! N(5+,'#! ?! 1+.+!,+&2#-&(.4'4Z(,&+!1+!&)&!(5/#&K
@A;0'<8M"="0'F8"'0-&'
<;:.=;.;/;0'0"':-'
H80#;&^'0"':-'<"="#"&BN
C0' D;:0-N! "4->)-(!$)*+,!$+,+5+!&+,!$('/,(/(1(8!-#!#6()*8-&1)&+$,&?-@-&?,.?)A&&
J-<-& H$78#"#.-& 1-&D#)1,0.#-A!P1+(&! 5#$#! +&/(&! &#'#!
262 263
3$7.-0&H$78#"#.-*& 1-&7$3)*M14-(549-!1+!'(!$)*+,!+-!'(!6+1(1! ?! +'! 1+&5#-#54M$4+-/#!1+!&)&!1+,+5N#&K
@!"'"P;T"=;'="0E"#.-';'
:;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;=BN
C0' D;:0-N! \(! 34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!+&!'(!5()&(!$%&!5#$V-!1+!'+&4#-+&!#!1(M[#&! +-! $)*+,+&8! -4[#&8!-4[(&!?!(1#'+&5+-/+&K!!
\(! 34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,!(6+5/(!1+!$(-+,(!14,+5/(!+-! +'! 1+&(,,#''#! &(')1(M.'+!1+!'(&!2+,&#-(&K
@A;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;='
"0'E=-E$;'/"':-0'E-b
H="0'-'/"'D;<$:$;0'#-&'
H;M-'&$I":'"/8#;.$I-BN
C0'D;:0-N! '(!34#'+-54(!6(M$4'4(,!#5),,+!+-!6($4'4(&!1+!'#&!146+,+-/+&!-43+'+&!
264 265
6('+&8! &4-! 14&/4-549-!1+!6(5/#,+&!Q/-45#&8!+5#M-9$45#&8! +1)5(/43#&! #!,+'4>4#&#&K
@C:'"<H;=;U-'/"."&/=G'
:;'I$-:"&#$;BN
C0'D;:0-N!H4!+-!'(!6($4'4(!N(?! 34#'+-54(8! 1),(-/+!+'! +$.(,(Z#8! +&/(! &4/)(M549-!&+!$(-/+-1,%!#! 4-M5')&#! 2)+1+! ()$+-/(,K!!
Y-!+&/+!2+,4#1#!'(!$)*+,!+&!$%&!&+-&4.'+!?!3)'-+M,(.'+! ?! +&! 5)(-1#! $%&!5#-&41+,(549-!-+5+&4/(K
@V-'"P$0."':;'I$-:;#$%&'
"&':;'E;="M;BN
C0' D;:0-N! :V-! +-! '(! 2(M,+*(! 1+! +&2#&#&! #! 5#-M3434+-/+&8! '(! $)*+,! -#!+&/%! #.'4>(1(! (! /+-+,!,+'(54#-+&! &+<)('+&! &4!
266 267
-#!'#!1+&+(K!!Y&#!+&!34#M'+-54(!&+<)('!?!&+!''($(!34#'(549-K
@C:'<;:.=;.-'
T"&"=;:<"&."'0"'
E=-/8#"'8&;'0-:;'I"UBN
C0'D;:0-N!X(,(!3+Z!'(!34#M'+-54(! +&! )-! N+5N#! (4&M'(1#! #! 5(&)('K! a+-+,('M$+-/+8! +&/(! &+! 2,#1)5+!.)6)& $0-& ,7.-1-<-& +$,&
()$+-/(! +-! 6,+5)+-54(!
+! 4-/+-&41(1K! ! 0#,! +''#8!+&!4$2#,/(-/+!,#$2+,!+'!!&4'+-54#!(!/4+$2#K
@A;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;='
"0'E=-I-#;/;'E-='":'
;:#-J-:'R':;0'/=-T;0BN
C0'D;:0-N!Y'!('5#N#'!?!'(&!1,#>(&! -#! 2,#1)5+-! '(!34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,8! &4-#!+$,& 7)0& >-.8)*,7& <,8)M-(-/+&! 1+! '(! 34#'+-54(8!
268 269
($,<,&.)08*#3$#*&-&+$,&1-&
D#)1,0.#-&+$,&@-&,=#78/-%!&+!N(>(!$%&!34&4.'+!#!&+!(>,(3+!(V-!$%&K!
'@!$':;'<8M"='F8$0$"=;^'
E-/=K;'/"M;=';'08';T="0-=BN
C0' D;:0-N! Y<4&/+-! 143+,M7-7&*-F)0,7&+$,&6-08#,M-+-!(!'(&!$)*+,+&!1+-/,#!1+!)-(!,+'(549-!34#'+-/(^!+'!$4+1#8!'(&!($+-(Z(&8!'(!
(*,7#50&<,1&+$G&<#*C0%&1-&
1+2+-1+-54(! +5#-9$45(8!+/5K8! '(! 2(,('4Z(-8! 4$24M14Q-1#'+! /#$(,! '(! 1+54M&49-!1+!1+*(,!(!'(!2(,+*(K!
@A;0'E"=0-&;0'
I$-:"&.;0'&-'#;<H$;&BN
C0' D;:0-N! \(&! 2+,&#-(&!+$,& 4)1(,-0& <,3,0& *,7M2#-&(.4'4Z(,&+! 1+! &)!5#$2#,/($4+-/#!?!(2,+-M
270 271
1+,! $#1#&! -#! 34#'+-/#&!1+! (5/)(,K! \#&! 5($.4#&!&9'#! &+! 2,#1)54,%-! &4! '(!2+,&#-(! (>,+&#,(! /#$(!5#-54+-54(! 1+! &)! 2,#.'+M$(!?!1+&+(!&#')54#-(,'#K
@C:'<;:.=;.-'
"<-#$-&;:'&-'"0'
.;&'T=;I"'#-<-':;'
;/#3)-2/,%01*/2,<=
C0'D;:0-N!Y'!$('/,(/#!+$#M54#-('! #! 2&45#'9>45#! +&!
>,(3+8! &)&! 5#-&+5)+-54(&!2)+1+-!''+3(,!(!'(!2+,&#-(!(6+5/(1(! (! '(! 1+2,+&49-8!(4&'($4+-/#8! (! '(! 1+&3('#M,4Z(549-!1+! '(! ()/#+&/4$(!+!4-5')&#!('!&)45414#K
@A;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;='
0-:-'#-&#$"=&"';':;'
D;<$:$;BN
C0'D;:0-N!\(!34#'+-54(!6(M$4'4(,!+&!)-!2,#.'+$(!1+!/#1#&!?! /#1(&8! ! '(! 5#$)M
272 273
-41(1!-#!2)+1+!&+,!4-14M6+,+-/+!?!1+.+!1+-)-54(,!+&/#&! N+5N#&K! \(! 34#'+-M54(!2)+1+!/+-+,!1+&+-'(M5+&! 4,,+2(,(.'+&!&4!-#!&+!1+/4+-+!(!/4+$2#K
@C0'&-=<;:'F8"'8&'
"0E-0-'<;:.=;."';'08'
<8M"=BN
C0' D;:0-N! Y'!$(/,4$#-4#!#! '(! 341(! +-! 2(,+*(! -#!#/#,>(! ('! +&2#&#! -4->V-!
1+,+5N#! 1+! 2,#24+1(1!7)3*,&1-&6$H,*%&()*&1)&+$,&
+-!-4->)-(!54,5)-&/(-54(!&+! 1+.+! (.)&(,! 1+! +''(&K!"4->V-! &+,! N)$(-#! +&!2,#24+1(1!1+!#/,#K
@C:';H80-'R':;0'
I$-:;#$-&"0'0-:-'
-#8=="'"&':8T;="0'
E":$T=-0-0'R'-0#8=-0^'
R'":';.;#;&."'"0'8&'
/"0#-&-#$/-BNC0'D;:0-N!Y'!(.)&#!&+<)('!
274 275
2)+1+!#5),,4,!+-! ')>(,+&!/(-! 5#-#541#&! 5#$#! '(!2,#24(!5(&(8!?!+'!(.)&(1#,!2#1,I(! &+,! ('>)4+-! 1+! '(!6($4'4(!#!)-!5#-#541#K
@!$'0"'/"&8&#$;':;'I$-:"&#$;^'0"'E"=M8/$#;'
;':;'D;<$:$;BN
C0' D;:0-N& Z-17)%& ()*+$,&1-& >-6#1#-&+$,&7$>*,&D#)M'+-54(! ?(! &+! +-5)+-/,(!!1+&4-/+>,(1(K!H4!'#&!N4*#&!&4>)+-! &4+-1#! /+&/4>#&!
1+!$('#&!/,(/#&8!2(&(-!(!&+,!3I5/4$(&!/($.4Q-K
Y<4&/+-! 5(,(5/+,I&/45(&!)&.#*.$078-0.#-7&+$,& #0M5,+$+-/(-! '(! 2,#.(.4'4M1(1! 1+! &)6,4,! 34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,K!:! +''#! &+!1+-#M$4-(!T6(5/#,+&!1+!,4+&>#U!?! 2)+1+-! &+,! 1+! /42#!2+,&#-('8! 6($4'4(,! #! 5#M6$0#8-*#)A&S+$/&-14$0)7&
1+!+''#&^
276 277
O;#.-="0'/"'=$"0T-';'
&$I":'E"=0-&;:
! L+-+,!)-(!N4&/#,4(!2+,&#-('!#!6($4'4(,!1+!$('/,(/#K
! _+&4-6#,$(549-!1+!1+,+5N#&K
! 0+-&($4+-/#!$(5N4&/(K
! H#&/+-+,!$4/#&!&#.,+!'(!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,K
& X#"#.$18-<&(-*-&
,=(*,7-*&1)&+$,&7,&
278 279
(#,07-%&7#,08,&@&+$#,*,&
1+!$(-+,(!5'(,(K! :5+2/(549-!1+!5#-1)5/(&!34#'+-/(&K
! b(*(!()/#+&/4$(K! _+2+-1+-54(!+$#54#-('K
! P-34&4.4'41(1!1+!'(!,+'(549-!1+!5#-/,#'!1),(-/+!'(!+/(2(!1+!+-($#,($4+-/#K
! :.)&#!1+!('5#N#'!?!1,#>(&K
O;#.-="0'/"'=$"0T-';'
&$I":'D;<$:$;='
! 0(1,+&`$(1,+&!()/#,4/(,4#&K!7#1+'#&!4-(2,#24(1#&!1+!5#$2#,/($4+-/#K
! _4&/,4.)549-!1+&4>)('!1+!'#&!,#'+&!+-/,+!N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&K
! :)&+-54(!1+!14%'#>#!+-!'(!6($4'4(K
! 0#5(!#!-)'(!5(2(541(1!2(,(!
280 281
'(!&#')549-!1+!.)0"1#.8)7A
! :.)&#!1+!('5#N#'!)!#/,(&!1,#>(&!2#,!('>V-!$4+$.,#!1+!'(!6($4'4(K
O;#.-="0'/"'=$"0T-';'&$I":'
#-<8&$.;=$-'-'0-#$;:
! P-146+,+-54(!1+'!+-/#,-#!f3+54-#&!?!($4>#&g!(-/+!'(!34#'+-54(K
& O-�"1$,0.#-&<,&
'#&!$+14#&!1+!.)6$0#.-.#50&+$,&
+<2#-+-!$#1+'#&!1+!#0,+$#<-<A
,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$)
! R#-#5+!/)&!1+,+5N#&K! R#$)-I5(/+!(&+,/43($+-/+K! :2,+-1+!(!1+54,!JY&7#&-14)&+$,&8,&
2,#2#-+-!3(!(!
282 283
(6+5/(,!/)&!1+,+5N#&K! 0,#$)+3+!+'!,+&2+/#!+-/,+!N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&K& S(*,0<,&-&#<,08#"#.-*&
?!,+5N(Z(,!&4/)(54#-+&!1+!34#'+-54(K! 0,#$)+3+!/)!()/#+&/4$(8!5)'/43(!)-!&+-/41#!1+!()/#!O!,+&2+/#8!&+-/4$4+-/#!1+!
.)0"#-0F-&(,*7)0-1%&
#<,08#"#.-0<)&
/)&!6#,/('+Z(&!?!1+.4'41(1+&K!! _4('#>(!5#-!/)!6($4'4(!?!5#$2(,/+!/)!/4+$2#!5#-!+''#&`+''(&K! X+5N(Z(!+'!5#-&)$#!1+!('5#N#'!)!#/,(&!1,#>(&K! Y-!&4/)(54#-+&!.)0"1#.8#D-7%&-0-1#F-&
+'!2,#!?!+'!5#-/,(!1+'!
284 285
2,#.'+$(!2(,(!/#$(,!)-(!.)+-(!1+54&49-K!! Y&6)Q,Z(/+!2#,!5)'$4-(,!/)&!+&/)14#&!5#-!Q<4/#K! 0(,/4542(!(5/43($+-/+!+-!5($2([(&!?!+3+-/#&!+$,&(*)6$,D-0&
'(!2,+3+-549-!1+!'(!34#'+-54(!+-!/)!4-&/4/)549-!+1)5(/43(!?!+-!/)!5#$)-41(1K
286 287
c"#-=/;&/-'.80'/"="#J-0'! L4+-+&!1+,+5N#!(!'(!'4.+,/(1!2(,(!+<2,+&(,!/)&!&+-/4$4+-/#&8!(!&+,!/,(/(1#`(!5#-!,+&2+/#!+!4>)('1(1K! _+,+5N#!(!'(!('4$+-/(549-8!3434+-1(8!&(')18!+1)5(549-!?!5)41(1#&!+&2+54('+&!+-!5(&#&!1+!('>)-(!
14&5(2(541(1K! :'!($#,!?!5#$2,+-&49-K!! :'!*)+>#!?!'(!,+5,+(549-K! L4+-+&!1+,+5N#!(!14&6,)/(,!1+!/)!6($4'4(8!+-!)-!,08)*0)&+$,&(,*6#8-&/)!1+&(,,#''#!?!6+'4541(1K! _+,+5N#!(!-#!,+54.4,!$('#&!/,(/#&!?!&+,!2,#/+>41#`(!1+!/#1#!
288 289
/42#!1+!34#'+-54(K! H4!N(&!&41#!3I5/4$(!1+!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,8!/4+-+&!1+,+5N#!(!1+-)-54(,!?!&+,!(/+-141#!+-!'#&!&+,3454#&!1+'!Y&/(1#!2(,(!/)!,+5)2+,(549-!"/7#.-&@&6,08-1A
c"#-=/;&/-'.80'/"H"="0':&I!5#$#!/4+-+&!1+,+5N#&8!/($.4Q-! /4+-+&! 1+.+,+&!
+$,& .$6(1#*%& D-6)7& -&!,+5#,1(,'#&K
! X+&2+/(,!?!#.+1+5+,!(!/)&!2(1,+&!#!(!+$#,0&8,&.$#<-%&7-1D)&+$,&7$7&<,.#7#)0,7&+&/Q-!+-!5#-/,(!1+!/)&!1+,+5N#&K! Y&/)14(,!?!5)$2'4,!5#-!'(&!/(,+(&!1+!'(!+&5)+'(K! R)41(,!1+-/,#!1+!/)&!2#&4.4'41(1+&8!(!6($4'4(,+&!+-!
292 293
+-6+,$+1(1!?!(-54(-41(1K! :2#?(,!+-!'(&!'(.#,+&!1+'!N#>(,!1+!(5)+,1#!(!/)!+1(1K!! R)41(,!1+!/)!&(')18!-#!5#-&)$4,!.+.41(&!('5#N9'45(&8!54>(,,4''#&!-4!#/,(&!1,#>(&K! X+&2+/(,!'(&!41+(&!?!1+,+5N#&!1+!'#&!1+$%&8!(&I!5#$#!'(&!5,++-54(&!,+'4>4#&(&!14&/4-/(&!(!'(&!/)?(&K
,-&0"M$.-0'F8"'."'E=-."T"&
L9$(/+! )-! $#$+-/#!2(,(!(2,+54(,!'#!&#,2,+-M<,08,&+$,&,*,7A
R)(-1#! /+! &4+-/(&! 1+&(M-4$(1#`(! ! ,+5)+,1(! +&M/(&!6,(&+&^
! [\CeC!!$%&!1+!'#!+$,&8,-4#0-7A
! ZQAC!'6C7&<,&1)&+$,&24+-&(&K!
296 297296 297
Y-! +&/(! &+5549-! +-M5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+! +'! 2,#.'+$(! 1+! '(!8*-8-& <,& (,*7)0-7& +$,&
(6+5/(! (! )-! >,(-!-V$+,#!1+! -4[(&8! -4[#&8! (1#'+&M5+-/+&!?!*93+-+&8!(&I!5#$#!5#-&+*#&! 2(,(! 2,+3+-4,!+&/+!/42#!1+!34#'+-54(K!
6789'"0':;'.=;.;'/"'
E"=0-&;0>
\(! /,(/(! 1+! 2+,&#-(&!+&! )-! 1+'4/#! $)?! >,(M3+! ?! )-(! 1+! '(&! 6#,$(&!1+! 34#'+-54(! $%&! 5,)+M'+&! 5#-/,(! '#&! 1+,+5N#&!N)$(-#&8! 5#-&4&/+! +-!2,43(,!(! '(&!2+,&#-(&!1+!&)! '4.+,/(18!1+&(,,(4>%-M1#'(&! 1+! &)&! 6($4'4(&! #!&)! +-/#,-#!$%&! 5+,5(-#!
298 299298 299
2(,(! +<2'#/(,'(&! &+<)('!#! '(.#,('$+-/+8! +-/,+!#/,(&!$#1('41(1+&K
\(!/,(/(!4-5')?+!'(!5(2/(M549-8! +'! /,(&'(1#8! '(! (5#M>41(! #! '(! ,+5+2549-! 1+!2+,&#-(&8! ,+5),,4+-1#!(! '(! ($+-(Z(8! ('! )&#! 1+!'(! 6)+,Z(!)! #/,(&! 6#,$(&!1+! 5#(5549-8! 4-5')&#! +'!,(2/#8!+'! 6,()1+8!+'!+->(M[#8! +'! (.)&#!1+!2#1+,8! #!
+'! (2,#3+5N($4+-/#! 1+!('>)-(! &4/)(549-! 1+! 3)'M-+,(.4'41(1! 1+! '(&! 2+,M&#-(&K
Y-! +&/(! 5#$2'+*(! 6#,$(!1+!34#'+-54(!4-/+,34+-+-^! L,(/(-/+&^!&#-!(,*7)0-7&+$,&,+('4Z(-!'(!5(2/(549-8!+'!/,(&'(1#8!'(!,+5+2549-!#!+<2'#/(549-!1+!'(!3I5/4$(K!0)+1+-!
300 301300 301
&+,!2+,&#-(&!1+&5#-#541(&!#!5#-#541(&8!+!4-5')&#!1+'!+-/#,-#!6($4'4(,!5+,5(-#K
! _+$(-1(-/+&^!&#-!(,*7)0-7&+$,&3$7.-0&$+-#,+&!1+!+1(1!2(,(!'(!+<2'#/(549-!&+<)('!?!$(-#!1+!#.,(!.(,(/(K
! 0#&4.'+!3I5/4$(^!$+-#,+&!1+!+1(1!#!$)*+,+&!
+-!&4/)(549-!1+!2#.,+Z(8!1+!6($4'4(&!14&6)-54#-('+&!#!3I5/4$(&!1+!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,K
O-& ()3*,F-%& #0,+$#<-<&N(54(!'(&!$)*+,+&!?!-4[(&8!'(! .(*(! +&5#'(,41(18! '(!34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,8! '(! 5(M,+-54(!1+!1#5)$+-/#&!1+!41+-/41(1!?!#/,#&!2)+1+-!&+,!6(5/#,+&!1+!,4+&>#!1+!5(+,!+-!'(!/,(/(K
302 303302 303
678$9&"0'"0.G&'"PbE8"0.-0';'0"='IK#.$<;0'/"'W=;.;>
Y-! +'! 0+,V! '(&! 3I5/4$(&!&)+'+-! &+,! +-! &)! $(?#M,I(! -4[(&8! -4[#&! ?! (1#M'+&5+-/+&! f$)*+,+&! ?!D-*)0,7V& +$#,0,7& 7)0&5(2/(1(&!?!5(2/(1#&!5#-!#6+,/(&! +->([#&(&! 1+!/,(.(*#!#!+-/,+>(1(&!2#,!&)&!2(1,+&!#!6($4'4(,+&!(!2+,&#-(&! 1+&5#-#541(&!
5#-! '(! 2,#$+&(! 1+! )-(!,+/,4.)549-! $+-&)('! 1+!14-+,#K
,-&/8#.;0'F8"'
$&I-:8#=;':;'.=;.;)
! e6,+54$4+-/#^!5)(-1#!(!)-(!2+,&#-(!'+!2,#2#-+-!)-!/,(.(*#!6$@&-8*-.8#D)&@&+$,&
/+-1,I(!')>(,!6)+,(!1+'!')>(,!1#-1+!343+K
! R(2/(549-^!H+!/,(/(!
304 305304 305
1+!(/,(+,!#!,+5')/(,!(!('>)4+-!$+14(-/+!+'!&+5)+&/,#!#!(!/,(3Q&!1+!143+,&(&!#6+,/(&!1+!/,(.(*#K!0#,!+*+$2'#!2(,(^!+$2'+(1(!1#$Q&/45(8!(Z(6(/(8!(?)1(-/+!1+!5#54-(8!-4[+,(8!2+9-8!*#,-('+,#!+-!'(3(1+,#&!1+!#,#8!+-/,+!#/,#&K
! L,(-&2#,/+!?!/,(&'(1#^!P-3#')5,(!+'!1+&2'(Z($4+-/#!1+!'(&!3I5/4$(&!1+&1+!+'!')>(,!1+!#,4>+-!('!')>(,!1+!1+&/4-#!2(,(!+<2'#/(,'(K!0(,(!>(,(-/4Z(,!+&/+!/,(&'(1#8!&+!(5#$2([(!(!'(&!3I5/4$(&!#!&+!'+&!6(54'4/(!'(!$#34'41(1!#!+'!34(*+K
306 307306 307
! :5#>41(!?!,+5+2549-^!5#-&4&/+!+-!.,4-1(,!('#*($4+-/#!(!'(!3I5/4$(!2(,(!-7,4$*-*&+$,&,78G&
14&2#-4.'+!2(,(!&+,!+<2'#/(1(K
!! X+/+-549-^!&+!'+&!,+&/,4->+!'(!'4.+,/(18!#!&+!'+&!2,43(!1+!5#$)-45(,&+!5#-!6($4'4(,+&!
?!5#-#541#&8!&+!,+5),,+!('!$('/,(/#!2&45#'9>45#!?!"/7#.)%&1-&*,8,0.#50&
1+!1#5)$+-/#&8!5+')'(,+&!?!&+!'(&!+<2#-+!('!5#-&)$#!1+!('5#N#'!?!1,#>(&8!+-/,+!#/,#&K
310 311310 311
?"/$-0'F8"'$&I-:8#=;'
:;'.=;.;
! ;4#'+-54(8!($+-(Z(8!2,+&49-!)!#/,(&!6#,$(&!2(,(!#.'4>(,!(!'(!2+,&#-(!(!N(5+,!('>#!+-!5#-/,(!1+!&)!3#')-/(1K
! 0,43(549-!1+!'(!!'4.+,/(1K
! S,()1+!#!+->([#! :.)&#!1+!2#1+,K! R#-5+&49-!#!,+5+2549-!<,&(-4)7&)&3,0,"#.#)7A
O$&"0'/"':;'W=;.;'/"'
["=0-&;0
O-& "#0-1#<-<& <,& 1-& 8*-8-&
+&! +<2'#/(,! (! '(! 2+,&#M-(K!_+!+&/#!,+54Q-!&+!1(!5)+-/(!'(!3I5/4$(!5)(-1#!''+>(! ('! ! 1+&/4-#! 1#-1+!+&! (5#>41(! #! ,+54.41(!2#,! &)&! 6)/),#&! +<2'#M/(1#,+&! #! 2#,! 2+,&#-(&!+$,&7-3#,0<)&1)&+$,&D-&-&
2(&(,8!'(!+-/,+>(,%-!(!'#&!+<2'#/(1#,+&K
314 315314 315
>$,+,%2#-%0/-)*%.)%"PE:-.;#$%&'0"P8;:)! :5/4341(1+&!&+<)('+&!,+$)-+,(1(&8
! ]&#!1+!-4[#&8!-4[(&!?!(1#'+&5+-/+&!,0&()*0)4*-"/-&+&2+5/%5)'#&!5#-!5#-/+-41#&!&+<)('+&8
! L),4&$#!&+<)('K
%>$,+,%2#-%0/-)*%.)%"PE:-.;#$%&':;H-=;:
! L,(.(*#!#!&+,3454#!
6#,Z(1#K!! H+,341)$.,+K! Y&5'(34/)1!)!#/,(&K
L($.4Q-! 2)+1+! /+-+,!.)6)&"#0,7&1-Q! 7+-14541(1K& :=8*-..#50&)&8*C"#.)&1+!9,>(-#&!#!/+*41#&!&#$%/45#&!#!&)&!5#$2#-+-/+&!N)$(-#&K
& Y&.$-1+$#,*&)8*-&>)*6-&&4$4'(,!1+!+<2'#/(549-K
316 317316 317
! ;+-/(!1+!-4[#&8!-4[(&!#!(1#'+&5+-/+&K
Y-!>+-+,('8!5)(-1#!&+!''+>(!('! ')>(,!1+!+<2'#/(549-8! '(!3I5/4$(!/#$(!5#-#54$4+-M/#!1+!'(!4-+<4&/+-54(!1+'!/,(M.(*#!#6,+541#!?!&+!1(!5)+-M8-&+$,& 1-7& .)0<#.#)0,7& 0)&7)0&1-7&+$,&1,&?-3/-0&)>*,M541#K!:'! 4-/+-/(,!,+5N(Z(,!+&(! &4/)(549-! #! /,(/(,! 1+!4,&+8! '#&! +<2'#/(1#,+&!2#-+-! +-! $(,5N(! '#&!!$+5(-4&$#&! 1+! 34#'+-54(!
)&-6,0-F-&.)0&1)7&+$,&7,&(&+>),(-!&)!&)$4&49-K
\#&!+<2'#/(1#,+&!#.'4>(M,%-!(!'(!3I5/4$(^! :!-#!(.(-1#-(,!&)!1+&/4-#8!5#-1454#-%-1#'(!(!+$,<-*7,&<,3#<)&-&1-&<,$<-&+$,&?-&5#-/,(I1#!5#-!&)!+<2'#/(1#,!2#,!+'!/,(&'(1#!,+('4Z(1#K
! X+/+-4Q-1#'+!'#&!
318 319318 319
1#5)$+-/#&K! :$+-(Z%-1#'(!1+!1([(,!(!&)!6($4'4(!#!<,&?-.,*1,&+$,<-*&$('!(-/+!&)&!&+,+&!+$,*#<)7A
! X+&/,4->4Q-1#'+!'(!5#$41(K
! X+5),,4+-1#!(!'(!D#)1,0.#-&"/7#.-&)&&+<)('K
! :$+-(Z%-1#'(!5#-!(,$(&!1+!6)+>#8!+-/,+!#/,(&K
322 323322 323
,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$)
! H4!('>)4+-!''+>(!(!/)!5#$)-41(1!#6,+54Q-1#/+!/,(.(*#!+-!#/,#!')>(,8!241+!'#&!1(/#&!+<(5/#&!1+!+&(!2+,&#-(8!&)!-#$.,+!5#$2'+/#8!+'!-#$.,+!1+'!-+>#54#8!'(!14,+5549-8!?!+'!/+'Q6#-#K& T)0"#*6-&+$,&,1&1$4-*&
?!'(!2+,&#-(!+<4&/(-K!
! 0,+>)-/(!&#.,+!'#&!*,+$#7#8)7&+$,&8,&
241+-!2(,(!#./+-+,!+'!+$2'+#!?!'#&!1(/#&!1+'!')>(,!1#-1+!/,(.(*(,%&K! "#!1+&!/)&!1(/#&!2+,&#-('+&!#!'#&!1+!/)!6($4'4(!(!1+&5#-#541#&K! ")-5(!1+&!(!-(14+!/)&!1#5)$+-/#&!2+,&#-('+&K!
324 325324 325
& X,7.)0"/-&<,&1-7&
(,*7)0-7&+$,&8,&
#6,+Z5(-!+$2'+#!)&+$#,*-0&(-4-*8,&
>,(-1+&!5(-/41(1+&!1+!14-+,#K& X,7.)0"/-&6C7&-I0&7#&
8,&(#<,0&+$,&8,&8)6,7&
>)8)4*-"/-7A
! Y-!5(&#!34(*+&!#!/+!1+&2'(5+&!(!)-!')>(,!1+&5#-#541#8!14'+!(!/)!>-6#1#-&.)0&+$#G0&D-7&
?!19-1+!3(&!(!+&/(,K! "#!3(?(&!&#'(!#!&#'#!(!+-/,+34&/(&!1+!/,(.(*#8!241+!(!('>)4+-!1+!/)!.)0"#-0F-&+$,&8,&
(5#$2([+K
328 329328 329
W=;.;'$&."=&;
\(&! 3I5/4$(&! &#-! ,+5')M/(1(&8! /,(&'(1(1(&! ?! +<M2'#/(1(&! +-! &)! 2,#24#!2(I&! #! 1+&2'(Z%-1#'(&!1+!)-! ')>(,!(!#/,#!+-!+'!$4&$#! /+,,4/#,4#! -(54#M-('! f2#,! +*+$2'#8! 1+!)-!1+2(,/($+-/#!(!#/,#gK
W=;.;'$&."=&;#$-&;:
\(&!3I5/4$(&!&#-!,+5')/(M1(&!+-!&)!2(I&!1+!#,4>+-!
330 331330 331
#!1+! ,+&41+-54(!?! /,(&'(M1(1(&!(!#/,#!2(I&!1#-1+!&+,%-! +<2'#/(1(&K! \#&!')>(,+&! $%&! &+-&4.'+&!(! +&/(! 6#,$(! 1+! +<2'#M/(549-! &#-! '(&! Z#-(&! 1+!6,#-/+,(! 1#-1+! $)5N(&!$)*+,+&! ?! (1#'+&5+-/+&!&#-!+->([(1#&!5#-!6('&(&!#6+,/(&!1+!/,(.(*#!2#,!'#!+$,& .*$F-0& 1-& >*)08,*-&
2#,! &)&! 2,#24#&!$+14#&8!#! 1+! 6#,$(! 5'(-1+&/4-(8!
2(,(! ''+>(,! ('! /,(.(*#!)>*,.#<)& <)0<,& "#0-1M$+-/+!&+,%-!3I5/4$(&!1+!'(!+<2'#/(549-K
,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$)
! H4!'(!&)$(!1+!14-+,#!+$,&8,&)>*,.,0&,7&
1+$(&4(1#!('/(8!2+,$I/+/+!1)1(,8!?(!+$,&()<*/-&8*-8-*7,&
1+!)-!+->([#K!& K#&+$#,0&8,&)>*,.,&,1&
332 333332 333
8*-3-H)&8,&(#<,&+$,&
1+541(&!,%241($+-/+!2#,!&)!#6+,/(8!1+.+&!<$<-*%&()*+$,&
+&(!2+,&#-(!-#!/+!+&/%!1(-1#!/4+$2#!2(,(!1+5414,!1+!$(-+,(!&+>),(!&#.,+!/)!6)/),#K!L4+-+&!1+,+5N#!(!/#$(,!1+54&4#-+&!4-6#,$(1(&!?!&4-!2,+&4#-+&K
La Trata viola tus derechos
a...
334 335334 335
! \(!341(\(&! 3I5/4$(&! 1+! /,(/(!+&/%-! +<2)+&/(&! 14(,4(M6,08,&-&1-&.),*.#50&"/7#.-&
?! 2&45#'9>45(8! (.)&#! ?!D#)1,0.#-&7,=$-1&+$,&()0,0&
+-!,4+&>#!&)&!341(&K
! O-,4*#<-<&"/7#.-0)+1+-! &)6,4,! 6,(5/),(&8!+$,6-<$*-7%&.)*8-<$*-7%&
1+&-)/,4549-8! 1+&N41,(M/(549-8!4-5')&#!'(!$)+,/+K
! \(!'4.+,/(1!&+<)('\(&!3I5/4$(&!1+!/,(/(!5#-!"#0,7& <,& ,=(1)8-.#50& 7,M<)('8! +&/%-! +<2)+&/(&! (!'(!34#'+-54(!&+<)('8!$)+&M/,(-!&+,4#&!1([#&!(!&)!&(M')1!&+<)('!?!,+2,#1)5/43(K
! \(!&(')1!&+<)('Y-! '#! ,+6+,41#! (! &(')1!&+<)('! 2)+1+-! &)6,4,! 1+!4-6+554#-+&! 1+! /,(-&$4M&49-! &+<)('8! +&/+,4'41(18!
336 337336 337
+$.(,(Z#&!-#!1+&+(1#&8!(.#,/#&!,+4/+,(1#&K
! \(!&+>),41(1:'! 2,43(,! (! '(&! 3I5/4$(&!1+'! 5#-/(5/#! 5#-! &)&! 6(M$4'4(,+&8!'(!&+>),41(1!-#!+&/%!>(,(-/4Z(1(K! Y1)5(549-\(&!3I5/4$(&!1+!/,(/(8!&+!+-6,+-/(-! 5#-! 2,#.'+M$(&! 1+! ,+4-/+>,(549-!6($4'4(,8!+&5#'(,!?!6('8!
1+.41#! (! '(! 14&5,4$4-(M549-! ?! +'! &+[('($4+-/#!1+! '(! 6+1(18! +-! ,+'(M549-!(!'(&!&4/)(54#-+&!1+!,=(1)8-.#50&-& 1-7&+$,&7,&
N(-!34&/#!&#$+/41(&K
338 339338 339
Según registros nacionales, 85%
de las víctimas de trata son mujeres y 15% varones. De esta cifra,
53% tienen entre 13 y 17 años
,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$)
! L+-!5)41(1#!5)(-1#!&).+&!4-6#,$(549-!(!'(&!,+1+&!6('+&8!Q&/(!2)+1+!&+,!)/4'4Z(1(!2#,!$)5N(&!2+,&#-(&!5#-!4-/+-54#-+&!1+&5#-#541(&K!Y&!,+5#$+-1(.'+!+$,&0)&<#D$14$,7&
4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!1)7&1$4-*,7&+$,&
340 341340 341
6,+5)+-/(&!#!'#&!')>(,+&!1#-1+!,+('4Z(&!/)&!(5/4341(1+&K! Y34/(!'(&!54/(&!5#-!(,*7)0-7&+$,&8,&?-0&
5#-/(5/(1#!2#,!'(&!,+1+&!1+!P-/+,-+/8!5#$+-/(!5#-!2+,&#-(&!<,&8$&.)0"#-0F-&7#&$0-&
2+,&#-(!1+&5#-#541(!8,&-.)7-&)&+$#,*,&
&(.+,!1+!/4K
342 343342 343
& P,&+$#8-0&8$7&
1#5)$+-/#&!1+!41+-/41(1K
! L+!($+-(Z(-!(!/4!#!(!/)!6($4'4(K
& S3$7-0&"/7#.-&)&
&+<)('$+-/+!1+!/4K! "#!/+!2+,$4/+-!N(.'(,!5#-!#/,(&!2+,&#-(&K
! L+!34>4'(-!/#1#!+'!/4+$2#K
! Y&/%&!#.'4>(1#!)!#.'4>(1(!(!/,(.(*(,!
1),(-/+!$)5N(&!N#,(&K! L+!$(-/4+-+-!+-5+,,(1#`(!+-!+'!')>(,!1#-1+!/,(.(*(&!?!/+!($+-(Z(-!5#-!+$#8-*8,&8)<)&8$&
14-+,#K! L+!($+-(Z(-!5#-!1+-)-54(,/+!(!'(!2#'45I(K
& !T$#<-<)'%&($,<,7&7,*&
)-(!3I5/4$(!1+!/,(/(!1+!2+,&#-(&K
344 345344 345
V-=<;'E;=;'E="I"&$=̂ '
="E=$<$='R'0;&#$-&;=':;'
W=;.;'/"'["=0-&;0
! T0,#/#5#'#!2(,(!0,+3+-4,8!X+2,4$4,!?!H(-54#-(,!'(!L,(/(!1+!0+,&#-(&8!+&2+54('$+-/+!1+!7)*+,+&!?!"4[#&U8!5#-#541#!5#$#!T0,#/#5#'#!1+!0('+,$#U8!1+!'(&!"(54#-+&!]-41(&K
! \+?!"l!FjBJA8!'+?!+$,&(,*>,..#)0-&
1-&8#(#"#.-.#50&<,1&
1+'4/#!1+!'(!/,(/(!1+!2+,&#-(&K
! 0'(-!"(54#-('!1+!:5549-!R#-/,(!'(!L,(/(!1+!0+,&#-(&!+-!+'!0+,VK
! R914>#!1+'!"4[#!?!:1#'+&5+-/+K
! 0'(-!"(54#-('!1+!:5549-!2#,!'(!P-6(-54(!?!:1#'+&5+-54(K
348 349348 349
e"="#J-0'/"':;0'
IK#.$<;0'/"'.=;.;
Y'!Y&/(1#!>(,(-/4Z(!(!'(&!3I5/4$(&! 1+! /,(/(! '#&! &4M>)4+-/+&!1+,+5N#&^
! X+54.4,!4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!&)&!1+,+5N#&K
! X+54.4,!)-!/,(/#!14>-#!?!,+&2+/)#&#!1+!'(&!()/#,41(1+&K
! :&4&/+-54(!4-/+>,('!
350 351350 351
?!2,#/+5549-!1+!&)!#08,4*#<-<&"/7#.-&@&
2&45#'9>45(8!(&I!5#$#!(!&)!6($4'4(K
! _+,+5N#!(!2,+&/(,!/+&/4$#-4#!+-!5#-1454#-+&!+&2+54('+&!1+!2,#/+5549-!?!5)41(1#K
["=S',-&.=;':;'W=;.;'
/"'["=0-&;0'
H4!5#-#5+&!)-!5(&#!1+!L,(/(!1+!0+,&#-(&8!''($(!>,(/)4M/($+-/+! ('! AGAG8! #2549-!A8! 1#-1+! /+! (/+-1+,%! +'!&+,3454#!+&2+54('4Z(1#!1+'!74-4&/+,4#!1+'!P-/+,4#,K
354 355
Y-!+&/(! &+5549-! +-M5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!+'!.)''?4->!?!#/,(&!6#,$(&! 1+! 34#'+-54(! +&M.)1-*%& ,08*,& +$#G0,7& 7,&
<-%& .56)& 7,& 6-0#"#,78-%&
59$#! 2,+3+-4,! ?! 19-1+!,+2#,/(,! +&/(&! &4/)(54#M-+&!1+!(.)&#K
\(! +&5)+'(! +&! )-#! 1+!'#&!$%&!4$2#,/(-/+&!+&M2(54#&! 1+! 6('4Z(549-!1+!'(&!2+,&#-(&!?!+&!(''I!1#-1+! &+! (2,+-1+! (! 34M34,! +-! 5#$)-41(18! &4-!+$.(,>#8! +-! ('>V-! $#M$+-/#!1+!'(!341(!+&5#'(,8!/#1(!2+,&#-(!N(!/,(/(1#!#! N(! &41#! /,(/(1(! 5#-!1+&5#-&41+,(549-! 2#,!2(,/+! 1+! ('>V-! 5#$2(M[+,#!#!5#$2([+,(K!
356 357
R)(-1#!+&/(!&4/)(549-!+&!&4&/+$%/45(! ?! ,+2+/41(!+-! +'! /4+$2#! N(.'($#&!1+! .)''?4->! #! 34#'+-54(!+-!'(!+&5)+'(K
6C&'F89'#-&0$0.">'
:1&3$11@#04&7,&6-0#"#,78-&
(! /,(3Q&! 1+! '(! 34#'+-54(!D,*3-1& @& 1-& D#)1,0.#-& "/M&45(K! L($.4Q-! &+! 5#-&4M1+,(!.)''?4->!5)(-1#!&+!!
(/+-/(!5#-/,(!'(&!2+,/+-+-M54(&!1+!)-!5#$2([+,#`(!Y-! +'! .)''?4->! 4-/+,34+M-+-!/,+&!/42#&!1+!(5/#,+&^
! \(!2+,&#-(!(>,+&#,(! \(!2+,&#-(!3I5/4$(! !\#&!+&2+5/(1#,+&
Y-/,+!'(&!6#,$(&!1+!.)''M?4->8!/+-+$#&^
! X4145)'4Z(,!#!.),'(,&+!(!)-!
358 359
5#$2([+,#`(! =)$4''(,'#`(! :$+-(Z(,'#`(! :4&'(,'#`(!1+!('>)-(!(5/4341(1
! X#.(,!#!+&5#-1+,!&)&!#.*+/#&!2+,&#-('+&
! P-/4$41(,'#`(8!($+1+-/,(,'#`(
! a#'2+(,'#`(8!+$2)*(,'#!#!.$-1+$#,*&)8*)&8#()&
<,&D#)1,0.#-&"/7#.-A
¿Cuáles son las señales
de alerta del bullying?
360 361
Y-! +'`'(! +&/)14(-/+!!(>,+141#`(8!'(&!&+[('+&!&#-^
! b(*(!()/#+&/4$(K! 0,#.'+$(&!1+!5#$)-45(549-!5#-!&)&!5#$2([+,#&`(&K
! 0#5(!(/+-549-!#!5#-5+-/,(549-!+-!5'(&+&K
! "#!1)+,$+!.4+-K! H4+-/+!3+,>c+-Z(8!$4+1#!?!5)'2(K
! H+!&4+-/+!4-5(2(Z!1+!,+&#'3+,!2,#.'+$(&K
! L4+-+!.(*#!,+-14$4+-/#!+&5#'(,K
! "#!$4,(!(!'#&!#*#&!(!'#&!1+$%&K
Y-! '(! 2+,&#-(! (>,+&#,(8!'(&!&+[('+&!&#-^
! _+$)+&/,(!2#5(!+$2(/I(!5#-!'#&!1+$%&K
! 0,#.'+$(&!1+!
362 363
5#$)-45(549-K! H4+-/+!-+5+&41(1!1+!2,#/(>#-4&$#K
! H#&/4+-+!41+(&!,(54&/(&8!&+<4&/(&!#!1+!14&5,4$4-(549-K
! L4+-+!.(*#!,+-14$4+-/#!+&5#'(,K
& B#,07-&+$,&<,3,&
,+(554#-(,!&4+$2,+!5#-!34#'+-54(K
! Y&!3I5/4$(!1+!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,K!
R#$#! +-! /#1#! (5/#! 1+!34#'+-54(8! +&/(&! $(-4M6+&/(54#-+&! &+!1(-! +-! +'!$(,5#!1+!,+'(54#-+&!1+&M4>)('+&!1+!2#1+,K!\(!2+,M7)0-&+$,&,7&D/.8#6-%&.-7#&
-)-5(!2)+1+!1+6+-1+,&+!?! &+! +-5)+-/,(! +-! )-(!&4/)(549-!1+!1+&3+-/(*(K
\#&! ?! '(&! +&/)14(-/+&!+$,& 7)0& #08#6#<-<)7N
(&! +<2+,4$+-/(-! )-!
364 365
7$>*#6#,08)& *,-1& +$,&
2)+1+! 4-/+,6+,4,! 5#-! &)!1+&(,,#''#!6('!?!+$#M54#-('8! (&I! 5#$#! +-! &)!,+-14$4+-/#!+&5#'(,K
¿Sabías que en el Perú existe la Ley Nº 29719 - Ley que promueve la convivencia sin violencia en las instituciones
educativas?
366 367
368 369
6789'J;#"='D="&."';'
"0.-0'"E$0-/$-0>
]-! $+14#! 4$2#,/(-/+!2(,(! 5(-('4Z(,! '(! (/+-M549-! 1+! +&/#&! (5/#&! +&!+'! ! HI&+;+! fmmmK&4&+3+K2+V& +$,& ,7& $0& 7#78,6-&1+! ,+>4&/,#8! (/+-549-! ?!&+>)4$4+-/#! 1+! 5(&#&!1+! 34#'+-54(! +&5#'(,! 1+'!
74-4&/+,4#!1+!Y1)5(549-!-1& +$,& ($,<,& -..,<,*&
/#1(!3I5/4$(!#!/+&/4>#!1+!.$-1+$#,*& ?,.?)& <,& D#)M'+-54(!+-!'(!+&5)+'(!2(,(!+$,&7,&-.8I,&<,,<#-8)&
+-!&)!&#')549-K
370 371
6789'#;0-0'0"'E8"/"&'
="T$0.=;='R';."&/"='":'
!K0"Z">
Y-! +'! HI&+;+! &+! ,+>4&/,(!?! (/4+-1+! 5(&#&! 1+! .)M''?4->! f34#'+-54(! +-/,+!+&/)14(-/+&g!?!#/,(&!6#,M$(&!1+!34#'+-54(!+&5#'(,!+$,& ?-@-& 7#<)& ,H,*.#<-&
2#,!+'!2+,&#-('!1+!'(!4-&M/4/)549-!+1)5(/43(K
372 373
H+!2)+1+!,+2#,/(,!'(^
! ;4#'+-54(!3+,.('! ;4#'+-54(!2&45#'9>45(! ;4#'+-54(!2#,!4-/+,-+/!#!5+')'(,
! H)&/,(5549-!1+!2+,/+-+-54(&
& [#)1,0.#-&"/7#.-
! ;4#'+-54(!&+<)('! ;4#'+-54(!5#-!(,$(&
2,0,"#.#)7&<,1&K/7,[,Q
! Y&!5#-641+-54('K! H+!,+54.+!(2#?#!1+!'(!4-&/4/)549-!+1)5(/43(K
& K,&(*,D#,0,&+$,&
&)5+1(-!-)+3#&!N+5N#&!1+!34#'+-54(K
! H+!>(,(-/4Z(!'(!2,#/+5549-!1+!'(&`'#&!+&/)14(-/+&K
374 375
:! 5#-/4-)(549-! /+!1($#&!(!5#-#5+,!'#&!&+,M3454#&!+&2+54('4Z(1#&!1+'!0,#>,($(!"(54#-('!R#-M/,(! '(! ;4#'+-54(! S($4M'4(,! ?! H+<)('! 1+'! 7P708!?! #/,#&! +<4&/+-/+&! +-! +'!0+,V!(!'#&!5)('+&!2)+1+&!,+5),,4,K
376 377
,J;.'1ff!+&!)-!&+,3454#!>,(/)4/#! 1+! 4-6#,$(549-8!#,4+-/(549-!?!5#-&+*+,I(8!<,& .-*C.8,*& .)0"#<,0.#-1&(-/+!2#&4.'+&!&4/)(54#-+&!1+! 34#'+-54(! 1),(-/+! '(!+/(2(! 1+! +-($#,($4+-M/#! #! -#34(Z>#K! L($.4Q-!(/4+-1+!(!2+,&#-(&!(6+5M/(1(&!2#,!34#'+-54(!6($4M'4(,K!
378 379
nR)%'! +&! &)! N#,(,4#! 1+!(/+-549-o_+! ')-+&! (! 34+,-+&! 1+!G^jj!($!(!Aj^jj!2$!
6789'"&#-&.=;=G0'"&'":'#J;.'1ff>
! e,4+-/(549-!2&45#'9>45(!1+!$(-+,(!4-$+14(/(!?!>,(/)4/(K
& T)0"#<,0.#-1#<-<A
! 0,43(541(1K
! L,(/#!2+,&#-('4Z(1#K
380 381
,"&.=-' C<"=T"&#$;'
?8M"=!+&!)-!&+,3454#!>,(M/)4/#!1+!(/+-549-!(!-4[(&8!-4[#&8!(1#'+&5+-/+&!?!/#1(!(,*7)0-& +$,& ?-& 7$>*#<)&
&4/)(54#-+&! 1+! 34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,! #! &+<)('K! Y&/%!5#-6#,$(1#! 2#,! 2,#6+M7#)0-1,7&+$,&8,&-8,0<,*C0&
5#-! 5('41(1! ?! 5('41+ZK! H4!5#-#5+&!)-!N+5N#!1+!34#M'+-54(!.)&5(! +'! RY7!$%&!5+,5(-#!(!/)!14&/,4/#K
382 383
AK&";'1ff8!+&!)-!-V$+,#!1+! (?)1(! 2(,(! 2+,&#-(&!+$,& ,78C0& ,0& *#,74)& <,&
34#'+-54(!#!5#-#5+-!#!&#-!/+&/4>#&!1+!('>V-!5(&#!5+,M5(-#!1+!34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,!#!&+<)('K!
0)+1+&! $(,5(,! 1+&1+!.$-1+$#,*& 8,1G>)0)& \"#H)& )&
5+')'(,g! ! +'! -V$+,#! Ajj8!+&! >,(/4&! ?! /+! (/+-1+$#&!/#1#&!'#&!1I(&8!'(&!BD!N#,(&K
384 385
Y&/($#&! /($.4Q-! +-! '(&!,+1+&! 6('+&K! bV&5(-#&!+-! S(5+.##i! 5#$#! 0,#M>,($(! "(54#-('! R#-/,(!'(! ;4#'+-54(! S($4'4(,! ?!H+<)('! O! 0"R;SH8! ! +-!Lm4//+,! 5#$#!pR#-/4>#q7P708!?!+-!h#)/).+!5#$#!Re"LPae!O!7P70d! N(Z/+!6(-!?!14&6,)/(!1+!5#-&+*#&8!*,"1,=#)0,7%&D#<,)7&@&6$M5N#!$%&8!&#.,+!+'!+-($#M,($4+-/#!?!-#34(Z>#K
386 387
c"#8"=/;'F8"'.;<H$9&'
E8"/"0';#8/$=';)
! _Y7]":!1+!/)!7)-4542('41(1K
! \(&!R#$4&(,I(&!1+!S($4'4(!#!5#$4&(,I(&!.%&45(&K
! S4&5('I(!1+!S($4'4(!#!74</(K
Y&/(&!4-&/4/)54#-+&!/4+-+-!+-/,+!&)&!6)-54#-+&!'(!1+!3+'(,! 2#,! '(! 2,#/+5549-!('! $+-#,! 6,+-/+! /#1(!>)*6-& <,& D#)1,0.#-& +$,&
2)+1(! 2#-+,! +-! ,4+&>#!&)!4-/+>,41(1K
388 389
Bibliografía
:6(549-!1+!R#$)-45(1#,+&!H#54('+&!R('(-1,4(!fBjAAg!2$)#$3'4#(-'/#0)$'($'.#,/$%*#-5'6)786#*,&'9:';'<'=>'?-)6#//-3'@-*6,)$&'($')#$&A,'($'/-'.#,/$%*#->
:?-4!_+&(,,#''#!fBjAFg!B-)-'A,C-)'($'/-&'D#&D-&',8,)6E%#(-($&'<'FE$'%,&'-&#&6-%'/,&'D#&D,&'($)$*+,&>'GE7-'($'E&,'($/'.#($,'8-)-'-(,/$&*$%6$&'<'HI.$%$&'J?,%&6)E<$%(,'#AE-/(-(K>'\4$(!O!0+,VK
R(&/([+1(8!7(,4-(!fBjj@g!L/'D-*+#&D,'#%.#�/$>'7Q<45#^!Y14/#,4('!L(),)&K!!rN//2^``mmmK'+5/),('4(K5#$`
390 391
'4.,#`CCFBE`+'M$(5N4&$#M4-34&4.'+s!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!BA`jE`AJK
R#$)-41(1!1+!7(1,41!B),A)-D-'($'-6$%*#I%'8-)-'-(,/$&*$%6$&'.7*6#D-&'($'.#,/$%*#-'($'AM%$),'J9,'6$'*,)6$&KNN//2^``.4/K'?`A0//6G0OR#-&)'/(1(!+'!jB`jE`AJK
R#->,+&#!1+!'(!X+2V.'45(!!JP$<'=Q=RS'P$<'8-)-'8)$.$%#)'<'&-%*#,%-)'$/'-*,&,'&$TE-/'$%'$&8-*#,&'8U0/#*,&K!fBjAJg!:2,#.(1#!+'!BC!1+!$(,Z#!1+'!BjAJK!\4$(!M!0+,VK
R#-&+*('I(!1+!P>)('1(1!1+'!:?)-/($4+-/#!1+!79&/#'+&!J2#'D$'*,%6),/-&'%,'D$'FE#$)$&K'rN//2^``mmmK$#&/#'+&K+&`$#&/#'+&`5$`>(''+,?`,+34&/(_t`>)4(q(1#'+&5+-/+&`m+.`4-1+<KN/$'s!R#-&)'/(1(!+'!jB`jE`AJK
Y-'(5+8!R#$)-45(549-!?!R(2(54/(549-!:R!fBjAAg!B)$.$%A-D,&'/-'6)-6-'($'8$)&,%-&>'L%3'V-(#,6$*-'V$('2,*#-/'($'V-(#-/#&6-&>'rN//2^``,(14#/+5(K-+/`()14#`2,+3+->($#&M'(M/,(/(M1+M2+,&#-(&s!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!jD`jE`AJK!
392 393
]-45+6!!fBjjEg!P-'.#,/$%*#-'/$'+-*$'D-/'-'/-&'W-D#/#-&>'2-%6#-A,'($'?+#/$3'RN4'+!!mmmK)-45+6K5'!``!mmmK2,#>,($(2)+-/+K5'
S#-1#!7)-14('!1+!\)5N(!5#-/,(!+'!H41(8!'(!7('(,4(!?!'(!L).+,5)'#&4&!f&`6gK!?,%.$)&-%(,'*,%'/,&'<'/-&''-(,/$&*$%6$&'($'$&6#/,&'($'.#(-'&-/E(-0/$&5'&$TE-/#(-('($'8)$.$%*#I%'($'X"2'<'4XY'2XZ[>!rN//2^``.4/K'?`A"0:e(Ds!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!j@`jE`AJK
P-&/4/)/#!"(54#-('!1+!'(&!7)*+,+&!fBjjEg! !GE7-'$%'2$TE-/#(-('<'GM%$),'
8-)-'-(,/$&*$%6$&>'\,%6$.#($,!M!!],)>)(?K
P"H7!=#-#,4#!_+'>(1#!O!=41+?#!"#>)5N4!fBjAAg!!GE7-'$(E*-6#.-'8)$.$%*#I%'($'/-'.#,/$%*#-'($&($'$/'$%-D,)-D#$%6,'$%'$/'<'/-'-(,/$&*$%6$>!\4$(8!0+,VK!
P"7]tYXYH!O!P-&/4/)/#!"(54#-('!1+!'(&!7)*+,+&!!\#6,&'($'/-'.#,/$%*#-'FE$'&$'*,D$6$'*,%6)-'/-&'DEH$)$&'$%'$/']D0#6,'W-D#/#-)!!rN//2^``341(&4-34#'+-54(K4-$)*+,+&K>#.K$<`D#<-7#0D#)1,0.#-N]+^6#8)7_&
394 395
R#-&)'/(1#!BA`jE`BjAJg
7P70!fBjAD(g! !B,)'E%-'.#(-'/#0)$'($'.#,/$%*#-5'AE7-'($'E&,'($'.#($,&'$(E*-6#.,&'W)$%6$'-'/-'.#,/$%*#-'($'AM%$),5'W-D#/#-)'<'&$TE-/>'P#D-3'0"R;SHK
MMMMMMM!fBjAD.g! !?,$(E*-*#I%5'D-&*E/#%#(-($&'<'8)$.$%*#I%'($'/-'.#,/$%*#-'$%'/-'$&*E$/->'P#D-5'B$)U>
MMMMMMM!fBjAF(g! !S#''+/#&^!J^E#$)$'&#%'.#,/$%*#-5'D-)*-'/-'(#W$)$%*#-K'<'J"ED0-'\#6,&K>
MMMMMMM!fBjAF.g! !S#''+/# !̂B)$.$%*#I%' ($' /-' .#,/$%*#-'W-D#/#-)'<'&$TE-/'$%'/-&'#%&6#6E*#,%$&'$(E*-6#.-&>'\4$(8!0+,V
MMMMMMM!fBjAB(g! !B/-%'9-*#,%-/'($'[**#I%'8,)'/-'X%W-%*#-'<'[(,/$&*$%*#-';QR;'_';Q;R>!\4$(8!0+,VK
MMMMMMM!fBjAB.g! !\I(E/,'($'W,)D-*#I%'($'B),D,6,)$&'L(E*-(,)$&'*,%6)-'/-'.#,/$%*#-'W-D#/#-)'<'&$TE-/>'\4$(8!0+,VK!
74-4&/+,4#!1+!Y1)5(549-!fBjAJg!P,&'($)$*+,&'<'($0$)$&'($'/,&'%#`,&5'/-&'%#`-&'
396 397
<'-(,/$&*$%6$&>'\4$(8!0+,V!`?88(QNN3#8A1@Na;+bFcd_&5#-&)'/(1#!BA`jE`BjAJ
MMMMMM!fBjjGg! !4#.$%*#-%(,'\#'2$TE-/#(-(>'GE7-'8-)-'6E6,)$&'<'6E6,)-&>'\4$(8!0+,VK
74-4&/+,4#!1+'!P-/+,4#,!fBjAAg!B/-%'9-*#,%-/'($'[**#I%'?,%6)-'/-'")-6-'($'B$)&,%-&'$%'$/'B$)U!BjAAMBjACK
P-&/4/)/#!:-1(')Z!1+!'(!7)*+,8!R#-&+*+,I(!2(,(!'(!P>)('1(1!?!b4+-+&/(,!H#54('8!t)-/(!1+!:-1(')5I(!
?-)6#//-3'J[0)$'/,&',H,&'$/'-D,)'%,'$&'*#$A,K!rN//2^``.4/K'?`AhX-?u+s!R#-&)'/(1(!+'!jB`jE`AJK
e,>(-4Z(549-!P-/+,-(54#-('!2(,(!'(&!74>,(54#-+&!fBjADg![8)$%(#$%(,'&,0)$'6)-6-'($'8$)&,%-&3'a%-'AE7-'8-)-'HI.$%$&>!b)+-#&!:4,+&!M!:,>+-/4-(K
04Z(,,#8!=Q5/#,!fBjjCgK!!B,)FE$'&,<'+,D0)$5'E%-'.#&#I%'($'/-'%E$.-'D-&*E/#%#(-(>'rN//2^``.4/K'?`AXivu]>s!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!AE`Aj`AJK
398 399
H).&+5,+/(,4(!1+!0,+3+-549-!?!0(,/4542(549-!R4)1(1(-(M!_4,+5549-!a+-+,('!1+!0,+3+-549-!1+'!_+'4/#!?!2(,/4542(549-!R4)1(1(-(8!fBjABg! !GE7-'($/'6-//$)3'8)$.$%*#I%'($'/-'.#,/$%*#-'$%'$/'%,.#-CA,>!rN//2^``.4/K'?`AwE+'"]s!R#-&)'/(1(!+'!jF`jE`AJ
H+5,+/(,I(!1+!Y1)5(549-!0V.'45(!fBjABg! !B,)'D#'&-/E('<'6E'6)-%FE#/#(-(5'+-0/$D,&'($'&$TE-/#(-(>'7Q<45#K
]-43+,&41(1!1+!R)+-5(K!f&`6g!GE7-'($'L(E*-*#I%'8-)-'2-/E(3'B)$.$%*#I%'($'$D0-)-C,&'
$%'-(,/$&*$%6$&>'rN//2^``.4/K'?`A"=h]H0s!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!j@`jE`AJ
;(''+*#8!Y'4Z(.+/Nd!X43(,#'(8!7(,4(!0()'(!fBjAFg!P-'.#,/$%*#-'#%.#�/$3'[*,&,'&$TE-/'*-//$H$),'-'DEH$)$&'$%'P#D-'D$6),8,/#6-%->'P-&/4/)/#!1+!Y(#0#50&BI31#.-&<,&1-&B)08#"#.#-&]-43+,&41(1!R(/9'45(!1+'!0+,V!fR)(1+,-#&!1+!P-3+&/4>(549-!"l!D!M!BjAFgK!
400
!!
Y'!2,+&+-/+!'4.,#!&+!/+,$4-9!1+!4$2,4$4,!+-!'#&!
8-11,*,7&4*C"#.)7&<,AAA
