mellor, m. y ling, d. medieval floor tile. 2009

8/7/2019 Mellor, M. y Ling, D. Medieval Floor Tile. 2009

1/10

VOLUME 3 2009

Technical Research Bulletin


2/10

101

Etbh bt pctc bt mv:th mmt q Mv f tmb

Maureen Mellor and Denise Ling

SummaryT pp t pctv p by th Bth Mm t tck hz btc

th th v t t t t v. A tt 15 t pvmt p w mvm th m Mv t ptty m (y 43), whch h b bck wth Abtx

b, t mt tht ct btw 25 40% bt. T hv b ctmt,

wth th pvmt th m ct hv b mt py th w Mv

y. A htcy vy mptt q tct, pt cct t t-

t mptc; th ch py xmpy t pct tchq t pct

. T tchc ch mt-ct cvt thh th w ptctv tt xp, c th t mt pct ctct cvt k, wh

th ty th t. It v w t th th hz pt pctc, t t t

hw th Mm t t th pbm.

INRODUCION

T w Mv y, tht p p 2009,

pt pptty t py m th Mv

t pvmt pt tt thm y

Mv Ep, ad 10501500. T Bth Mm h

th bt cct Mv z ct th-

w t pvmt Bt. T fct th pb ttc

vt y cm m th twh cty,

th ctv ttmt wth th y m tht

ct t vv t th xtth cty [1]. T

pvmt pv pctc, h w b

c whch t wk. T p z mc pvmtpt by th mk th E th

Sct w pbby tc m Ctc h

Fc Gmy wh cmpb f w

[2]. A vy t tt t-mk w tc

t th E th c qt th th-

tth cty. T cc pvmt wth

w cmm by Hy III h chp t C

Pc, Wth. Ity y pt, th

t wth ctv mt tbh w h tht

th p thht th E (, xmp,

Mchy Abby Sby Cth) by [3].

Lt t wth w pt by w p-

p mcht [1; pp. 239240 F VII (v. 1),

4, 5] t ct h t Act Ct,

Bt [6; p. 295 F 159] c c th

t w tt t cy pt chv

mt ct tht py bth p Cht

cphy, pv m chhp.

WHA CAN ILES ELL US ABOU A

BUILDING?

Mv pv t htc cmt tht mk tpb t wth th ctt bh th .

T xy t Chty Abby, wth pc-

t t t th c h th thtth cty, t

t Ath c tht th pp mc

tm I [7, 8]. Sm th t b

c ptt v, mb hm-h

tq. T t w p t pct chbhp,

q k my hv b py ch

cctc tt, wh th f t

bv t hv b t c y tt,

th ptm t W Ct m pbby w-

tm t th Pc Wtmt [9].


3/10

02

MAUREEN MELLOR AND DENISE LING

02

In a oyal sttn ths Mdval pavn tls hlpd to

convy pow and also commncatd dcatonal stos o

omancs. T pavmnts a snfs o spac [0], and

v an nsht nto th walth o dcoaton n th pvat

apatmnts o th kn and qn at Clandon Palac, a

avod hntn lod [3]. T nlad dsns may hav

bn copd om pattn books, bstas o fn txtls,and th alphabtc tls also sst that th nn ccl o

th cot was ltat.

North Yorkshire pavements: Byland and Rievaulx abbeys

In an cclsastcal sttn ths Mdval pavn tls hlpd

cat a smpl and contmplatv nvonmnt, to ad md-

taton, pays and tals n th monks daly l (ltcal

ncton). Ts typ o tln was popla n Cstcan

monasts n Yoksh n th thtnth cnty, as sn n

th plan lazd mosac pavmnts at th abbys o Byland

and Rvalx [4, 5].Ts tl mosacs s th combnaton

o dnt tl shaps wth altnatn colos to bn ot

th omty o th dsn. T typ s thoht to hav dvl-

opd n noth wst Eop n mtaton o colod Italan

ston mosac oos, and th mosac smnts w pobably

mad and lad ot by monastc tls. T achtctal ston-

wok nsd th monasty chch at Byland was batd to

tak th tls, sstn that th mosac pavmnts w

ntndd as an ntal pat o th nto dsn. T pav-

mnt sn n F was pat o a la panl contann a

ccla pattn, whch had bn assmbld om loos tls

ond at Byland Abby. Ts aanmnt can stll b sn

n th noth chapl o th soth tanspt at Byland Abby,

althoh th laz s now vy won.In th lat Mddl As ntals, bss and nsna

cold convy th ndvdalty and pow o a local abbot,

as at Hals Abby [6; p. and F 8], o th symbolc

mann o th Passon (as llstatd at Gat Malvn

Poy), mndn popl abot th bls. T cono-

aphc datn o ths tls hlps to docmnt th hstoy

o th bldn and to ndcat whn bshmnt took

plac [6; p. 363 and F 242]. At th lvl o th pash,

tls povd an nsht nto local commnts, o xampl,

th dtald dsns n l and cont-l o th lp

hosptal pavmnt ond in situ at Bton Lazas, th last

lp hosptal n th conty. It onally omd pat o

th Od o St Lazas o Jsalm and was sbjctd to

Astnan l. Fom th md-thtnth cnty th

mast o Bton Lazas also bcam th mast o th Od

n Enland. Som o th dsns ncld haldy that lnks to

dynastc amls, bt also to a mchant who may hav bn

a paton o th hosptal [; pp. 78 and F III (vol.

), 6; p. 26 and F 29].

igure 1. Plan mosac pavmnt om th st o Byland Abby, Noth Yoksh, assmbld om loos tls, omly on dsplay n th Md-val tl and potty oom: 947,0505.63396722


4/10

103

ESABLISHING BES PRACICE IN ASBESOS REMOVAL

Te kings and queens inlaid tiled pavements fromClarendon Palace, Wiltshire

Clandon Palac was a hntn lod o th Noman kns

and also bcam a avot oyal sdnc nd Hny II.

Hny III (nd 11617) spnt btwn 3000 and 4000ponds on th xtnson and mbllshmnt o ts bldns

[17]. Labo was mch chap n th thtnth cnty

than today, bt ths palac was stll vy costly and ths

Mdval tls, whch a dsplayd n th nwly bshd

Mdval ally, a to b njoyd, whl thy also povd

nomaton abot th lty, tholoy, at hstoy, hstoy

and achaoloy o th Mddl As.

Scattd tls ond n th vcnty o th kns cham-

bs w sd to cat th ccla pattns, omn pat

o th kns pvat chapl on th pp foo, F . T

nlad pavmnt wth pancn lons and ns had bn

ond in situ dn xcavaton o th qns ond foo

pvat apatmnts, F 3. T tls o th kns pavmnt

cold b tacd to a kln na th palac, whch was movd

om th st n 1964 and constctd n th om Md-

val tl and potty oom.

RECEN HISORY OF HE ILE COLLECION

Fo th past 30 yas mch o th Msms collcton o

Mdval tls cold b vwd n th om Mdval tl

and potty oom, whch was a qay o nomaton both

o stdnts o Mdval camcs and o th ntstd

pblc; s [16]. On th pp balcony n ths ally tls

w dsplayd that showd th many dnt aspcts and

tchnqs o tl dsn and abcaton assocatd wth

ndvdal schools o podcton btwn th twlh and

th sxtnth cnty n Mdval Enland.

igure 2. Rconstctd ccla tld chapl foo om th kns apatmnts at Clandon Palac assmbld om tls cov-d dn xcavatons wth plast ap lls. A lost nscpton on th otmost band s constctd asPavimentum HenriciRegis Anglie (th pavmnt o Hny, Kn o Enland); th nnmost band s also mssn, and ts dsn has bn dsptd:1957,1006.vaos


5/10

104


HE DISCOVERY OF ASBESOS

CONAMINAION

Sval o ths nq pavmnts w dstnd o ds-

play n th nw Mdval ally that opnd n Mach 2009,

bt t was dscovd that thy had bn backd n th 1970s,

whn Asbstolx boad had bn sd as th montn

matal. Asbstos nslaton boad (AIB), commonly

known as Asbstolx, was sd by th constcton ndsty

thohot th UK om th 1950s ntl th aly 1980s.

AIBs typcally contan btwn 25 and 40% asbstos fb,

nomally bown asbstos (amost o nt) and/owht asbstos (chysotl). Gvn th wll-pblczd

dans o asbstos, and that amost has bn bannd

n th UK snc 1 Janay 1986, t s not spsn that

Asbstolx dos not mt cnt halth and saty lsla-

ton [18].1 I th backd tl panls had bn l ntact, th

sk om th Asbstolx boad wold hav bn nlbl;

th sk ban only onc th tls w movd om th

wall and any mchancal nvstatv o consvaton wok

was cad ot. As th tls had bn adhd to th boad

sn BAL FLEX, a two-pat, wat-sstant bb-basd

wall tl adhsv that ndd to b movd mchancally, a

staty was ndd to mov and dsmantl th asbstos-

contamnatd Mdval tl pavmnts; sch a staty was

dvlopd and mplmntd n atmn 2006.

DECONAMINAION AND CONSERVAION

REAMEN

Preliminary steps

Fst, consvatos sachd th wb o nstancs o smla

tatmnts and postd mssas on th onln consvaton

om, Conservation DistList, askn o advc om othswho had xpnc o daln wth asbstos assocatd wth

msm objcts. Howv, t povd dclt to fnd cons-

vatos wth th lvl o asbstos tann qd to cay ot

ths wok and th ncssay lcnc. Oth msms wth

smla xpncs had sd lcnsd asbstos contactos

who had wokd n clos consltaton wth consvatos. T

Btsh Msm had xpnc o sn sch contactos on

bldn pojcts, bt not to mov asbstos om objcts n

th collcton.

T fst sta was to cay ot a plot stdy n th

Mdval tl and potty oom, whch had by thn bn

closd, sn a lcnsd asbstos contacto, R & F Insla-

tons Ltd. T am was to dvlop a sa mthod o movnth tl pavmnts om th walls, ollowd by a sa mthod

o dcontamnatn and consvn thos tls montd

on Asbstolx boad. T halth and saty latons

o wokn wth asbstos qd spcal accommoda-

ton aanmnts, th nd to ct an solaton tnt, sta

potcton, asbstos monton, dcontamnaton aclts,

and shot-tm asbstos-contand and sc stoa o th

panls.

A comphnsv sk assssmnt was ndtakn

covn all aspcts o th pojct. T pojct mana at

th Btsh Msm lasd wth th halth and saty tam

at th London Booh o Camdn (th local athoty o

igure 3. Pat o th ond oo pavmnt om Qn Elano oPovncs chamb, mad 12501252 and ond in situ at ClandonPalac. T onal pavmnt ncldd mo tls n th cntal panlthan a cntly hld by th Btsh Msm: 1957,1204.vaos


6/10

10


th aa), who vstd th ally th wks bo wok

commncd to ns all th coct pocds wold b

ollowd.

Te preparatory stage

o cat a wokn spac, som 1200 objcts had to b

movd om th ond foo and pp foo (balcony)

n th ally and accommodatd lswh bo wok on

th tl pavmnts and panls ban. All th majo tl nstal-

latons w photoaphd po to dsmantln, and a sk

assssmnt and consvaton assssmnt w cad ot by

on o th athos (DL) and a colla. Onc th objcts

om th low foo had bn movd om th cass,

th constctd Mdval kln om Clandon Palac was

dsmantld po to lon-tm loan to a nw ally at th

Vctoa and Albt Msm.

Te pilot project

Onc th oom was mpty t was ncssay to bld a hoadn

aond th ally doo wth stabl sna n od to

contol accss, whch was stctd to namd popl who

ndd to vw th wok thoh th vwn panl n th

wall o th nclos that was blt sbsqntly. T nd

o lvant sta to hav a mdcal pot to vy that thy

had no spatoy poblms was consdd, bt ltmatly

dmd nncssay.

o tst th mthodoloy a small scton o a tl pavmnt

on th pp foo was slctd. Ts compsd nlad andplan lazd tls covd in situ om th chancl o Hal-

sown Abby n th Wst Mdlands [1; pp. 179181 and F

VIb (vol. 1)].Fll asbstos potctv mass, ncldn th

bldn o an nclos tnt, w mplmntd. T scton

o pavmnt had bn sppotd on backts concald by

std walln, whch had to b movd to assss th cond-

ton o th Asbstolx boad. Many o th tls had pvosly

bn pad and had aas o stoaton. T sacs o

thos tls that lookd patclaly al w acd sn

Paalod B-72 (thyl mthacylat copolym) and nylonossam to potct thm dn moval, F .

Wan dsposabl ovalls and appopat masks, th

Msms havy objct handln tam and msm assst-ants ld th pavmnt o th wall to allow t to b nspctd

by th spcalst contacto to stablsh ts condton. T

contacto thn wappd th panl n polythn to contan

any bs dn th tans to th solaton nclos st

p naby, and lad t ac down onto a potctv oam bd,

F .

Onc th pavmnt had bn solatd th mtal am

was nscwd. At st t appad t wold pov latvly

stahtowad to ct th bb adhsv om btwn

th tls and th Asbstolx boad. Ts wold lav th

Asbstolx boad ntact, whch s a qmnt o th Halth

and Saty Exctv (HSE) lslaton that pohbts ntn-

igure 4. Dtal o tl pavmnt wth l and cont l-stampd dcoaton ond in situ at th lp hosptal at BtonLazas, Lcstsh. Ts tls, stampd wth a mchants mak,had abl sacs, som o whch w acd wth adhsv andnylon ossam dn th pocss o dsmantln th old dsplay:197,00.660 vaos

tonal dama to Asbstolx boad, as ths wold las

asbstos bs. Unotnatly t povd mpossbl to ct,

saw o son th bb adhsv. T contactos th-

o sd fat mtal tools whch w ntly tappd wth ahamm to spaat th tl and bb adhsv om th

Asbstolx boad. T thcknss o th adhsv (1 mm)

allowd th tls to b movd wthot th tool comn

nto contact wth th tls. Wthn lss than two hos th

contactos had movd all 6 tls om th Asbstolx

boad, ast than poammd and asn concns o th

consvaton and catoal sta abot th handln o th

tls (s blow). Onc th asbstos had bn movd, th

tls w lad ot n tays and hld n qaantn wthn th

solaton tnt.

T Asbstolx boad was dobl bad and tap-sald

ady o claanc om th wokn nclos. T a n

igure 5. Som o th Msms havy objct handls and msmassstants cay th wappd tl panl nto th potctv tnt; thvwn panl s on th ht


7/10

10


th nclos was montod, toth wth th aa mm-

datly otsd th nclos. Onc th wok was complt

a ll nvonmntal clan o th nclos was cad ot

and smok tsts condctd to confm that th sals o th

tnt w ctv. An a tst thn cad ot by Cavndsh

Laboatos Ltd confmd that th aa was clan and th

tnt cold b dsmantld.

Te main project

Fo th man phas, t was ad that mo dtald mon-

ton o th contactos wold b qd, ncldn a

consstnt valaton o th contactos handln o th tls

and th tatmnt pocss. In Apl 2007, th pojct mana

calld a st mtn to ntodc th contactos to Msm

sta and to condct a db ollown th plot pojct.

o addss concns om both sds, th contactos w

askd to daw p a Gantt chat o th pojctd wok on th

mo tl panls, ach o whch had bn constctd slhtly

dntly. o mantan contnty and bld on xpnc

alady and, a mmb o th R & F Inslatons tam was

appontd to spvs th pojct. It was dcdd that Btsh

Msm consvatos wold photoaph vy sta and

vy pocss, that th contactos, consvatos and cato

wold commncat laly sn mobl phons and thatth wold b a wkly mtn n an ncontamnatd aa

to dscss th wok n poss. T dsnd solaton tnt

ncldd vwn panls to allow Msm sta to monto

ach sta o tatmnt.

Halth and saty qmnts ncldd wan asbstos

potcton sts and a-d masks, whch povd physcally

xhastn ov lon pods, F . A ach pod

wokn n th solaton tnt, th contactos sd a mobl

dcontamnaton nt lswh n th Msm; typcally

wok pods w no lon than 90 mnts. In addton,

all tools and qpmnt w swabbd clan bo lavn

th solaton tnt to pvnt coss-contamnaton.

igure 6. Spcalst asbstos contactos, wan potctv clothn and wokn n th solaton tnt, ntly psn th Malvn tls and thdak y bb adhsv backn o th Asbstolx boad


8/10

10


ASBESOS A NALYSIS

As a pcatonay mas a psntatv nmb o

tls hld n qaantn w analysd to confm that no

asbstos sds w psnt. T slts w not as

antcpatd, snc asbstos sds w dntfd adhd

to th bb adhsv. O th 46 tls sampld, ht wond to hav ths sconday asbstos sds, psmd

to as om coss-contamnaton as th mtal tool scapd

aanst th bb adhsv and th sac lay o th

Asbstolx boad. Follown dscssons wth Camdns

Envonmntal Halth Oc, advc was soht om

th Pncpal Inspcto at th London oc o th HSE.

As a slt, th Msm appoachd KAD Envonmntal

Consltancy Ltd, to povd a dtald, costd poposal

and poamm o th moval o th mann fbs n

th adhsv sd. It was commndd that scannn

lcton mcoscopy (SEM) shold b sd to dtmn

th qantty o fbs mann on th tls, how thy w

mbddd and whth fbs mand wthn cacks o

cvcs.

A scond analyss, dsnd to tst a scond dcontam-

naton sta, was mplmntd n Ast 200. On o th

athos (MM) took 12 psntatv tls o tstn to th

Insttt o Occpatonal Mdcn (IOM) n Ednbh.

H th tls w ach nwappd and placd n a m

cpboad wth an asbstos flt. A sampl was takn om

th ot ac o th bb adhsv o SEM xamnaton.

A 2 mm thck lay o adhsv was thn scapd o and

th back cland wth a HSE-appovd vacm clan to

mov any fbs, thby lmnatn th possblty o

coss-contamnaton. A th sampl o th adhsv was

thn takn clos to th sac o th tl. T pot on th

analyss o th 24 sampls takn om th 12 tls confmdthat onc th otmost lay o adhsv had bn movd

th asbstos sk was low.

ADDRESSING HE SECONDARY

DECONAMINAION

T d o contamnaton o th adhsv mpld that

ach tl wold nd to ndo an nxpctd scond

sta o dcontamnaton that had not bn osn and

wold tho hav an mpact on both th poamm

and bdt. It was not possbl o th R & F Inslatons

tam to cay ot ths nxt lvl o dcontamnaton, as t

wold ncsstat wokn dctly on th sac o th

tls.

Intally, t was hopd that, wth appopat pcatons

o halth and saty, Btsh Msm consvatos mht

tat th mo than 3000 tls a thy had bn ndvd-

ally wappd and lablld by th contactos wthn th

igure 7. T nmbn systm o th ndvdal plan mosac pavmnt om Byland Abby (dtal)


9/10

08


isoion r. Tis, n h i o ngging rnc i

consrvor o work h Musum, prov o imprc-

ic, so numr o spciiss wr invi o nr or

h projc, incuing Hrig is L, who h rcny

crri ou work or h Vicori n Ar Musum.

Afr nghy communicion wn pris i ws

gr h h conmin pvmns cou rns-por o Hrig is in Shropshir or n cning.

Ty wou so rmoun hr o h rgr pvmns,

whi Briish Musum consrvors wou rmoun h

smr scions (s ow), ving h pin mosic i

pvmn rom Rivux Ay o moun som

sg in h uur.

HE REAMEN PROCESS

Primary decontamination

Foowing h pio suy simir mhooogy ws

op or primry conminion o h rmining

pns n pvmn h uppr gry v (Mvrn,

Wssx n Buron Lzrs), which wr h rs o

r whn, in Jun 2007, i ws gr h R & F Insu-

ions shou coninu o conmin h rmining

pvmns, Figur 6.

T comp pvmn rom Cnygns Hous,

mrchns hous in Rci Sr, Briso, originy i

wn ad 480 n 55, rquir n isoion n o

ui ovr h who pvmn o 499 is [6; p. 2 n

Figur 9]. T conrcors rc rg n in h oyo h room o r his pvmn n h smr scion

o pvmn rom His Ay.

Owing o hir compxiy (wigh, siz n posiion

ov h sirwy), scoing ws ncssry o rmov h

Byn n Rivux pvmns rom h w. In Dcmr

2007 h hvy ojcs hning s rough in ifing gr

n pc i h uppr gry v; h scors nx

ins porms n hn ohr Musum s i in

h ifing procss. Onc hs rg vric mosic w

pvmns (Byn: 485 is, n Rivux: 544 is) h

n rmov rom h w n pc horizon, on o

h uhors (DL) ws o gin work on h gomric

is. T surc o ch i ws numr wih rmov-

mrkr, n h inormion hn rnsrr o in

rwing o ch pvmn on psic m, Figur 7.R & F Insuions coninu o conmin h

pvmns in s ncosur, pssing h iniviu-

y wrpp is o consrvors or sorg in ock

cupors in h gry. Onc h primry conmin-

ion work ws comp, h Musum ws provi wih

crics o roccupion.

Secondary decontamination

In Frury 2008 h conmin is wr coc

rom h Musum or ivry o h suios o Hrig

is, . T rmn o h is o rmov h

cking hsiv ook pc ovr prio o six monhs.

Bor cocing h r is, h Musum rquir

ssurnc h h cning procss h n civ, so

smp o 60 is rom h Cnyngs, His n Buron

Lzrs pvmns ws nys y Bry Environmn

Consuns in Spmr 2008. Foruny, on his occ-

sion, no ssos rs wr c n h is wr

rurn o h Musum or rispy or sorg.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

T prociv rspons y h Musum o ck

hzrous susnc rhr hn simpy wrp hs i

pns n v h issu or uur gnrion o rsov,

ows much o suppor or h projc snior v in h

Musum. A nin i pvmns prviousy moun on

Assoux hv n conmin, wih hr hving

n rmoun y ousi spciiss or ispy in h

Pvmn Numro is

Dimnsions xcuing xisingrm (mm)

i numr n yp(vrg mss)

Esim omss (kg)

Byn Ay (mosic) 485 (rispy) 90 (high: h) 275 (wih: w) 40 (hicknss: )

485 sm (300 g) 50

Buron Lzrs hospi 2 (20 rispy) 50 (h) 800 (w) 2023() 2 mium (600 g) 70

Cnyngs, mrchnshous, Briso

499 5860 (h) 4090 (w) 2730() 499 rg (200 g) 800

His Ay rus 80 (6 rispy) 607 (h) 60 (w) 2630() 6 rg (200 g) 20

Hsown Ay 56 570 (h) 340 (w) 30() 56 mium (600 g) 30

Kings, Crnon Pc,Wishir

244 (rispy) 2250 (h) 20 (w) 29() 8 rg (200 g)63 mium (600 g)

200

Mvrn Priory 37 (5 rispy) 093 (h) 63 (w) 33() 5 rg (200 g) 6

Quns, Crnon Pc,Wishir

96 (rispy) 2640 (h) 040 (w) 24() 70 rg (200 g)26 mium (600 g)

60

Rivux Ay (mosic) 544 200 (h) 600 (w) 3337() 544 sm (300 g) 60

table 1. Summry o h pvmns r n rispy, incuing is o numrs o is, imnsions n mss


10/10

109


new Medieval gallery. Te choice o which pavements to

redisplay was difcult as all nine are historically signi-

cant. Te three chosen illustrate dierent aspects and tech-

niques o tile production and design and will be displayed

as part o an integrated and themed gallery, while smaller

sections have been remounted in-house (Hailes, Malvern

and Burton Lazars).Tis contribution has outlined the technical challenges o

remote-control conservation through the walls o a protec-

tive tent; training the specialist contractors in conservation

skills and monitoring their work ell largely to one o the

authors (DL). Tis marathon task o enabling the public to

view these magnicent Medieval pavements again while

ensuring the saety o the sta, gives a warning to others

o the hazards o past practices and sets out to show the

Museums solution to the problem [19]. Te procedure

undertaken by the Museum is one that could be recom-

mended to others.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENS

Te authors are enormously grateul or the support and advicereceived rom their colleagues at the British Museum: Rainer Geschke,Sue Greetham, Zoe Hancock, Marilyn Hockey, David Saunders, Chriserrey, Ken Uprichard and Jonathan Williams. Te photographs inFigures 13 were taken by John Williams and those in Figures 47by Denise Ling.

AUHORS

Maureen Mellor ([email protected]) is a ormer curatorin the Department o Prehistory and Europe and Denise Ling ([email protected]) a conservator in the Department o Conser-vation and Scientic Research at the British Museum.

REFERENCES

1. Eames, E., Catalogue o Medieval lead-glazed earthenware tilesin the Department o Medieval and Later Antiquities, 2 volumes,British Museum, London (1980).

2. Robinson, J., Masterpieces: Medieval art, British Museum Press,

London (2008) 6263.

3. ileWeb: Paving-tile Watercolours Online, Te Parker-Hore ArchiveCollection o Watercolours o Paving-tiles held in Worcester andin the Ashmolean Museum, Oxord, http://tileweb.ashmolean.museum (accessed 10 March 2009).

4. Eames, E., Decorated tile pavements in English Medieval houses,in Rotterdam Papers II: a contribution to medieval archaeology, ed.J.G.N. Renaud, Rotterdam (1975) 79 and Figures IIIV.

5. Eames, E., Te Canynges Pavement, Journal o the British Archae-ological Association XIV (1951) 3346 and Figures XXIIXXVI.6. Marks, R. and Williamson, P., Gothic: art or England 14001547,

Victoria and Albert Museum. London (2003) 295 and Figure 159.7. Gardiner, J.S. and Eames, E., A tile kiln at Chertsey Abbey, Journal

o the British Archaeological Association XVII (1954) 2442.8. Poulton, R., Archaeological investigations on the site o Chertsey

Abbey: Research Volume o the Surrey Archaeological Society No.11, Surrey Archaeological Society (1988).

9. Cherry, J.,Medieval decorative art, British Museum Press, London(1991) 60 and Figure 74.

10. Richardson, A., Review o Te Medieval iles o Wales byJ.M. Lewis, Medieval Archaeology XLV (2001) 414.

11. Beaumont James, . and Gerrard, C., Clarendon: landscape okings, Windgather Press, Bollington (2007).

12. Eames, E., Te royal apartments at Clarendon Palace in the reign

o Henry III, Journal o the British Archaeological AssociationXXVIII (1965) 5785.13. Eames, E., A thirteenth-century tile pavement rom the Kings

Chapel, Clarendon Palace, Journal o the British ArchaeologicalAssociation XXVI (1963) 4050.

14. Ferguson, P. and Harrison, S., Rievaulx Abbey, Yale UniversityPress, New Haven (1999).

15. Stopord, J., Medieval foor tiles o northern England, OxbowBooks, Oxord (2005).

16. Eames, E., English Medieval tiles, British Museum Press, London(1985).

17. Beaumont James, ., Te palaces o Medieval England, Seaby,London (1990) 78.

18. Te Control o Asbestos Regulations 2006: Statutory Instrument2006 No. 2739, 13 November 2006, http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062739.htm (accessed 10 March 2009).

19. Uprichard, R.K., Te British Museum, personal communication(2008).

NOE

1. Current UK regulations bring together the three previous setso regulations, which covered the prohibition o asbestos, thecontrol o asbestos at work and asbestos licensing. Tese regula-tions prohibit the import, supply and use o all orms o asbestos.Tey continue the ban introduced or blue and brown asbestos in1985 and or white asbestos in 1999 and also continue to ban thesecond-hand use o asbestos products such as asbestos cementsheets and asbestos boards and tiles, including panels that have

been covered with paint or textured plaster containing asbestos.

mellor, m. y ling, d. medieval floor tile. 2009

Documents