LOS PERUANOS EN ITALIA Y EL DESARROLLO DEL PERÚ

LIMA, 1ST AUGUST 2006

PRESENCE AND CHARCTERISTICS OF PRESENCE AND CHARCTERISTICS OF PERUVIANS IN ITALYPERUVIANS IN ITALY

Anna FerroAnna Ferro

CeSPICeSPICentroStudiPoliticaInternazionale

INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONS OF MIGRATIONS OF

PERUVIANSPERUVIANS

>>> increasing trend + european destinations

• INCREASING TREND of international peruvian migrations – European destinations: Italy and Spain (cultural, social aspects)

• CAUSES OF MIGRATION: push and pull factors

• ROLE OF NETWORKS – transnationalism (internet, money transfer, correos, travel connections, phone centres, ethnic business, associationism…)

• ITALY - specificity– increasing presence of peruvians - authorized and unauthorized

– Dual labour market pull factors• labour shortage – low skilled occupations (ie. domestic work, elderly

care assistance, construction…)• Black market economy

– Immigration system: • Entry: Work permit and family reunification• Work permit: quota system and reserved quotas for specific

nationalities (not for peruvians)• Migrant strategy: tourist visa – work in the irregular market – rely on

regularization (sanatorie)

INTROINTRO

PERMITS TO STAY 1992 – 2004 PERMITS TO STAY 1992 – 2004 >>> >>> INCREASING PRESENCEINCREASING PRESENCE

PERMITS TO STAYPERMITS TO STAY

Permessi di Soggiorno Peruviani

-

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

>>> >>> MIGRATORY INCREASING TRENDMIGRATORY INCREASING TREND

PERMITS TO STAY - 2004PERMITS TO STAY - 2004 >>> >>> WORK + ‘‘FAMILY REUNION’’WORK + ‘‘FAMILY REUNION’’

REGULARIZATIONREGULARIZATION >>> >>> LARGE UNAUTHORIZED PRESENCELARGE UNAUTHORIZED PRESENCE

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PERUVIANSGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PERUVIANS>>> >>> NORTH WEST CONCENTRATIONNORTH WEST CONCENTRATION

DISTRIBUTION OF PERUVIAN VOTERS*DISTRIBUTION OF PERUVIAN VOTERS*

46,1% 12,9% 9,0% 5,0% 3,8% 1,8% 1,3% 0,9%

MILAN TURIN ROMA GENOVA FLORENCIA BOLONIA TRIESTE NAPOLES

Total*: sum of the peruvians registered in each city

>>>>>> NORTH WEST – URBAN CONCENTRATIONNORTH WEST – URBAN CONCENTRATION

Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Consolari Peru, 2006

COMPARING CITY OF ROME AND LAZIO REGIONCOMPARING CITY OF ROME AND LAZIO REGION

2.302

1.299

4.725

2.951

LACIO ROMA

Electores Femeninos

Electores Masculinos

>>> >>> URBAN CONCENTRATIONURBAN CONCENTRATION

Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Consolari Peru, 2006

21,6%

48,9%

24,0%

5,0%0,5%

18-30 30-45 45-55 55-70 > 70

Age courts

A

AGE COHORTS – PERUVIAN VOTERS AGE COHORTS – PERUVIAN VOTERS

IN MAIN ITALIAN CITIES*IN MAIN ITALIAN CITIES*

Total*: cities of Milano, Turin, Rome, Genoa, Florence, Bologna, Trieste, Naples

>>> >>> 94.5% IS AGED 18-5594.5% IS AGED 18-55

Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Consolari Peru, 2006

FEMINIZATION OF PERUVIAN VOTERS*FEMINIZATION OF PERUVIAN VOTERS*

34,5%

65,5%

Electores Masculinos

Electores Femeninos

Total*: cities of Milano, Turin, Rome, Genoa, Florence, Bologna, Trieste, Naples

Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Consolari Peru, 2006

FEMALE-MALE PERUVIAN VOTERS IN MAIN FEMALE-MALE PERUVIAN VOTERS IN MAIN

ITALIAN CITIESITALIAN CITIES

36,3% 31,4% 30,6% 32,4%

68,6% 69,4% 67,6%63,7%

MILAN TURIN ROMA GENOVA

F

M

Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Consolari Peru, 2006

EDUCATION DEGREE OF PERUVIANS VOTERS*EDUCATION DEGREE OF PERUVIANS VOTERS*

67,5%

25,4%

4,2%2,7%0,2%

primaria

secondaria

superior

Tecnica

Illederado*

Total*: summing data on completed and incompleted education degreeTotal**: refers to cities of Milano, Turin, Rome, Genoa, Florence, Bologna, Trieste, NaplesLletrado: this category is pretty inconsistent. The category “especiales” – almost irrelevant – has been added to this.Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Consolari Peru, 2006

>>> >>> HIGH EDU. + DOWNGRADINGHIGH EDU. + DOWNGRADING

EDUCATION DEGREE OF PERUVIAN EDUCATION DEGREE OF PERUVIAN VOTERS BY SEXVOTERS BY SEX

5,3%2,6%

65,8%71,2%

23,1% 26,2%

2,9% 2,5%0,1% 0,2%

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

70,0%

80,0%

90,0%

100,0%

Male Female

illiterato

tecnica

superior

secondaria

primaria

*Total: main Italian cities (Milan, Turin, Rome, Genoa)

Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Consolari Peru 2006

REGULARIZATION – SECTOR ACTIVITY REGULARIZATION – SECTOR ACTIVITY

>>>>>>FEMINIZATION - DOMESTIC WORK- LABOUR M. SEGREGATIONFEMINIZATION - DOMESTIC WORK- LABOUR M. SEGREGATION

PERUVIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIPPERUVIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Fonte: Elaborazione Cespi, Dati Camera di Commercio, Unioncamere

>>> >>> DYNAMISM + GEOGRAPHICAL CONCENTRATIONDYNAMISM + GEOGRAPHICAL CONCENTRATION

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITYENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

Fonte: Camera di Commercio, Unioncamere

>>> >>> DYNAMISMDYNAMISM

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITYENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

Fonte: Camera di Commercio, Unioncamere

>>> >>> FEMALE INACTIVTYFEMALE INACTIVTY

FIELDWORK FINDINGSFIELDWORK FINDINGS• MIGRATORY PROJECT

– HOUSING

• INDIVIDUAL - COMMUNITY– fragmented and competing– Weak collective initiatives

• NATIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY – ASSOCIATIONS– Culture, folklore, parties– Futbòl– Religion

• PUBLIC SPACE– meetings, interaction, circulation of information, ethnic business (lack of

structures)

• ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES– Sectors– Problems: training/credit/personal savings/juntas– Transnational interest

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