Lenguaje

LenguajeComunicacin de informacin por medio de smbolos dispuestos de acuerdo con reglas sistmicasElementos formales:Gramtica sistema de reglas que determinan cmo se expresan nuestros pensamientosFonologa estudio de las unidades ms pequeas del habla, llamadas fonemasFonemas las unidades ms pequeas el hablaSintaxis Formas en que se combinan palabras y frases para construir enunciadosSemntica Reglas que rigen el significado de palabras y enunciados

Desarrollo del LenguajeBalbuceoSonidos parecidos al habla pero carente de significadohttp://www.videodetective.com/trailer-preview.asp?publishedid=5525 Produccin del lenguaje 1aoProduccin de palabras realesPalabras cortas que comienzan con un sonido consonnticoComprensin del lenguaje precede a la produccin

Produccin del lenguajeHabla telegrficaSobregeneralizacin, los nios emplean reglas aunque generen erroresPara los 5 aos presentan un lenguaje similar al del adultoAdquisicin del lenguajeTeora del aprendizaje principios del reforzamiento y el condicionamiento en la adquisicin del lenguaje

ChomskySeres humanos nacen con una capacidad lingstica innata Todos los idiomas comparten una estructura comnGramtica universalEl cerebro humano cuenta con un sistema neuronal que le permite comprender la estructura del lenguaje y ofrece estrategias y caractersticas nicas de nuestro idioma maternoMecanismo de adquisicin del lenguaje

Influencia del lenguaje en le pensamientoHiptesis de la relatividad lingsticaLa nocin de que el idioma moldea y es capaz de determinar la manera en que la gente de una cultura particular percibe y entiende el mundoEl lenguaje moldea y produce pensamientosLa investigacin reciente refuta la hiptesis y seala que el pensamiento produce lenguaje

Adquisicin de un segundo idiomaEducacin BilingeInmersinBeneficios cognoscitivos del bilingismoFlexibilidad cognoscitiva Instrumentos lingsticos para pensar debido a capacidades mltiples de lenguaje http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Cummins_%28professor%29Jim Cummins

BICS/CALPBICS (Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills)BICS refers to the basic communicative fluency achieved by all normal native speakers of a language. It is cognitively undemanding and contentextual and is better understood as the language used by students in informal settings, say, on a playground or cafe. Research by Cummins as well as Virginia Collier suggest that it typically takes language learners 1-3 years to develop BICS if they have sufficient exposure to the second language.

CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency)CALP refers to the ability to manipulate language using abstractions in a sophisticated manner.

CALP is used while performing in an academic setting.

CALP is the ability to think in and use a language as a tool for learning. Cummins' and Collier's research suggest that K-12 students need 5 to 7 years to acquire CALP in the second language if the learner has native language literacy. Learners who do not have strong native language literacy often need 7-10 years to acquire CALP in the second language.

CALPInstructors of Bilingual educational environments, Cummins tells us, should be mindful that a student's apparent ability to interact at a high cognitive level on the 'street' does not necessarily imply the same cognitive or communications ability in the 'class'.It is tempting for teachers and administrators to move students with a high BICS level into a 'mainstream' class because they 'sound' like the other kids on the playground.Cummins insists that a more thorough assessment of the student's academic language abilities be performed before moving the student out of a 'sheltered' language development environment.

Common Underlying Proficiency ( CUP )Cummins' common underlying proficiency model of bilingualism can be pictorially represented in the form of two icebergs. The two icebergs are separate above the surface. That is, two languages are visibly different in outward conversation. Underneath the surface, the two icebergs are fused such that the two languages do not function separately. Both languages operate through the same central processing system.