las auditorías de comunicación desde una perspectiva académica

8/8/2019 Las auditorías de comunicación desde una perspectiva académica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/las-auditorias-de-comunicacion-desde-una-perspectiva-academica 1/10

FAP A_KM[HYMAP KO FA @HC_DM@A@MHD HYLADMWA@MHDAFKOPKO _DA UOYPUO@[MRA A@AKÍCM@A OP[AKH_DMKODPO

Bokoym`h Rayhda Cakymk

MD[YHK_@@MÐD

Fa ca}hyãa ko fap hyladmwa`mhdop {modkod a apcmy qo p uoyphdaf paio `hcdmàypo& } qo uhy fh{ad{h fa `hcdmà`mðd dh op d apuo`{h ko fa rmka hyladmwa`mhdaf qo coyowà da a{od`mðd opuo`maf$

Op{a bafpa apd`mðd op fa qo na fforakh a fap hyladmwa`mhdop a `hdòd{yay pp yo`yphp ncadhp }

o`hdðcm`hp od h{yhp apuo`{hp qo po `hdpmkoyad cáp bdkacod{afop uaya of bd`mhdacmod{h obmàw ko

fa cmpca& {afop ̀ hch fap bmdadwap } fhp apd{hp {í`dm`hp$ Uhy h{ya uay{o phd c} uhàp fap hyladmwa`mh#

dop qo nad uhkmkh rafhyay of mcua`{h qo fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd {modo od fa pa{mpba``mðd ̀ hd of {yaiagh& od of

`hcuyhcmph hyladmwa`mhdaf } od fa obm`mod`ma } uyhk`{mrmkak ko fa cmpca$

Fa `hcdmà`mðd op of pmp{oca doyrmhph ko fa hyladmwa`mðd& pmd `hcdmà`mðd dh op uhpmifo p bd`mh#

dacmod{h$ Fa `hcdmà`mðd naò uhpmifo qo fa lod{o po hyladmò& kobmda pp higo{mrhp& ogo`{o pp

{ayoap& ̀ hcuay{a pp mkoap& {hco ko`mpmhdop& yopofra uyhifocap } lodoyo ̀ acimhp$ Af cmpch {mocuh fa

`hcdmà`mðd naò uhpmifo qo po `yoo d acimod{o khdko fhp mdkmrmkhp po pmod{od rafhyakhp `hch

uoyphdap$ Uoyh fhp pmp{ocap } uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd ko da hyladmwa`mðd& `hch uapa `hd {hkap fap

a`{mrmkakop ncadap& phd ppòu{mifop ko ko{oymhyh àdkh dh po {modo op{aifo`mkh d pmp{oca uoyca#

dod{o ko orafa`mðd } coghyacmod{h$ Op od fa i÷pqoka ko da yopuop{a a op{a doòpmkak qo pylmo#

yhd fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd$

Of uyhuðpm{h ko op{o odpa}h op o~acmday& kopko da uoypuo`{mra aàkícmà& of kopayyhffh } fa uyá`{mà

ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf od fhp OO$__$ Uaya offh uyopod{h iyorocod{o fhp

{ocap pmlmod{op7

1- @hdòu{h } Hymlod ko fap Akm{hymap ko fa @hcdmà`mðd Hyladmwa`mhdaf&

9- Uoypuo`{mrap [oðymàp&0- Higo{mrhp&

;- Cí{hkh } [í`dmàp& }

?- Yopf{akhp$

@HD@OU[H ] HYMLOD KO FAP A_KM[HYÃAP KO FA @HC_DM@A@MÐD

Fa akm{hyãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf po na kobmdmkh `hch d uyhòph ko kmaldðp{m`h qo

{modo `hch uyhuðpm{h o~acmday } coghyay fhp pmp{ocap } uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd md{oyda } o~{oyda

ko da hyladmwa`mðd od {hkhp pp dmrofop .Kh|dp& 1=>>: Nacmf{hd& 1=><-$ Fa uymcoya kmcodpmðd ko

da akm{hyãa op fa orafa`mðd kof pmp{oca } ko fap uyá`{màp ko ̀ hcdmà`mðd ko da hyladmwa`mðd {ad{h

a dmrof ca`yh `hch cm`yh$ Af dmrof ca`yh fa akm{hyãa oraf÷a fa op{y`{ya bhycaf o mdbhycaf ko fa`hcdmà`mðd& fa `hcdmà`mðd md{oykouay{acod{af& } fa `hcdmà`mðd `hd fhp pmp{ocap o~{oydhp qo

mcua`{ad a fa hyladmwa`mðd$ Af dmrof cm`yh oraf÷a fap uyá`{màp ko ̀ hcdmà`mðd md{oyuoyphdaf } lyuaf

od pp kmboyod{op dmrofop$ _da akm{hyãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd o~acmda {acimíd fap uyhk``mhdop

`hcdmà`mhdafop ko da hyladmwa`mðd {afop `hch nmp{hymo{ap& co{ábhyap& pãcihfhp& ay{oba`{hp& } fhp

`hcod{aymhp qo fa lod{o ko fa hyladmwa`mðd naò od pp ̀ hdroypa`mhdop kmaymap$ Bmdafcod{o& da akm{hyãa

ko fa `hcdmà`mðd uoko orafay {acimíd fap bhycap ko kmp{hypmðd pmp{ocá{mà ko fa `hcdmà`mðd

qo lodoyad fap op{y`{yap ko uhkoy ko da hyladmwa`mðd$



Fa h{ya kmcodpmðd md{olyad{o kof uyhòph ko fap akm{hymap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd op of kopayyhffh ko

yo`hcodka`mhdop odàcmdakap a uyhchroy fhp àcimhp doòpaymhp uaya coghyay of pmp{oca } fap uyá`#

{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd ko fa hyladmwa`mðd$ Op{a poldka kmcodpmðd& af{acod{o odba{mwaka uhy fhp `hd#

pf{hyop hyladmwa`mhdafop& op uyá`{màcod{o mldhyaka od fap akm{hyãap yoafmwakap kopko fa aàkocma$

Uaya fhp `hdpf{hyop coghyay fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf op of higo{mrh uymd`muaf ko da akm{hyãa&

cmod{yap qo uaya fhp mdrop{mlakhyop aàkícm`hp of higo{mrh uymd`muaf op fa uyhk``mðd ko `hdh`mcmod#

{h phiyo fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf .Kaddmofp adk Pumjoy& 1==1-$

Fhp uymcoyhp op`ym{hp phiyo of {oca ko fa orafa`mðd ko fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf auayo`moyhd od

fhp Op{akhp _dmkhp a uymd`mumhp ko fhp añhp 1=?5 .Karmp&1=?0& Dmfpod&1=?0& Hkmhydo& 1=?;-$ Kopko

od{hdòp& fa uyhk``mðd aàkícmà phiyo of {oca na o~uoymcod{akh d kopayyhffh `hdpmkoyaifo `hd fa

mdrop{mla`mðd yoafmwaka od {opmp ko caop{yãa& kmpoy{a`mhdop kh`{hyafop& mdrop{mla`mhdop uyopod{akap od

`hdrod`mhdop& } fa uifmà`mðd ko ay{ã`fhp } fmiyhp .Lyoodiac& Nh|ayk N$& Noff|ol& Ppad A$& adk

Baf`mhdo& Ya}chdk F$&1=>0-$

Of kopayyhffh cáp pmldmbmà{mrh ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf po kmh a uymd`mumhp

ko fhp añhp <5 `hd fa auaym`mðd ko fhp {yop uymcoyhp uyhòkmcmod{hp o mdp{ycod{hp ko akm{hyãa ko fa

`hcdmà`mðd$ Of uymcoy uyhòkmcmod{h `hdh`mkh `hch ªM@A @hccdmà{mhd Akm{º po mdm`mð od1=<1& ua{yh`mdakh uhy M@A .Md{oyda{mhdaf @hccdmà{mhd Apph`ma{mhd-$ Op{o uyhòkmcmod{h ko akm{hyãa

md`f}o fap pmlmod{op {í`dmàp ko orafa`mðd7 d òp{mhdaymh `hd 199 uyold{ap& od{yormp{ap adáfmpmp

ko yokop ko `hcdmà`mðd& o~uoymod`map `yã{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd& } d kmaymh ko `hcdmà`mðd

.Lhfknaioy& 1=>2- Of poldkh uyhòkmcmod{h bo kopayyhffakh uhy Hpch A$ \mmh } Cay{{m Nofpmfa od

Bmdfadkma od of añh 1=<; } po `hdhò `hch ª[no F[[ Akm{ P}p{ocº& dhciyo ko Mdp{m{{h ko Mdrop{m#

la`mðd ko Bmdfadkma qo ua{yh`mdð fa mdrop{mla`mðd$ _da roypmðd `hyyolmka kof F[[ Akm{ P}p{oc& of

H@F .Hyladmwa{mhdaf @hccdmà{mhd Korofhucod{- bo yoafmwaka uhy Hpch A$ \mmh od 1=<>$ Op{o

uyhòkmcmod{h `hdpmp{o ÷dmàcod{o ko d òp{mhdaymh qo `hd{modo da poymo ko uyold{ap òyyakap }

khp uyold{ap aimoy{ap .Lyood#iac& Noff|ol adk Baf`mhdo 1=>0-$ Of {oyòy uyhòkmcmod{h `hdp{a ko

d ̀ op{mhdaymh ffacakh ª@hccdmà{mhd Pa{mpba`{mhd Qop{mhddamyoº qo bo kopayyhffakh uhy Kh|dp

adk Nawoy .1=<2-$ Op{o mdp{ycod{h qo oraf÷a of dmrof ko pa{mpba``mðd ko fhp ocufoakhp ko da hyla#

dmwa`mðd `hd fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd& na pmkh pakh uaya yoafmway cáp ko 05 akm{hyãap ko fa

`hcdmà`mðd uymd`muafcod{o od Op{akhp _dmkhp .@facum{{ adk Kh|dp& 1=><-& uoyh {acimíd od Cí~m#

`h .Rmkaf& 1=>9-& La{ocafa .Rayhda& 1=>>& 1==1-& Ap{yafma .Kh|dp A$& 1==1- } Dmloyma .Jmh& 1=<=-$

Op{o mdp{ycod{h bo yormpakh } acufmakh od 1==5 uhy @af \$ Kh|dp } po fo kmh of dorh dhciyo ko

ª@hccdmà{mhd Akm{ Qop{mhddamyoº$ Fa roypmðd od opuañhf ko op{o mdp{ycod{h ffacakh ª@op{mh#

daymh ko fa Akm{hyãa ko fa @hcdmà`mðdº bo yoafmwaka uhy Rayhda .1==1-$ Fhp ba`{hyop ko fa pa{mpba`#

`mðd `hd fo `hcdmà`mðd qo oraf÷a op{a dora roypmðd phd fhp pmlmod{op7

1- Mdbhyca`mðd phiyo fa Hyladmwa`mðd&

9- Mdbhyca`mðd phiyo of [yaiagh&0- @fmca Lodoyaf ko fa @hcdmà`mðd&

;- @hcdmà`mðd ko fhp Puoyrmphyop&

?- @hcdmà`mðd ko fhp Piaf{oydhp&

2- @hcdmà`mðd od{yo fhp Ocufoakhp&

<- Orafa`mðd kof [yaiagh Mdkmrmkaf&

>- Cokmhp ko @hcdmà`mðd&

=- @hcdmà`mðd ko fa Loyod`ma }

15- @hcdmà`mðd od{yo fhp Kouay{acod{hp$



Of uyhòkmcmod{h ko akm{hyãa kopayyhffakh uhy Kh|dp .1=>>- md`f}o {acimíd h{yap {í`dmàp ko ora#

fa`mðd akocáp kof ̀ op{mhdaymh& {afop ̀ hch fa od{yormp{a } fap o~uoymod`map ko ̀ hcdmà`mðd ̀ yã{mà$ A

uay{my ko 1=<; fa ca}hyãa ko {o~{hp dmroypm{aymhp ko `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf od fhp Op{akhp

_dmkhp ocuowayhd a md`fmy d àuã{fh kokmàkh a fa orafa`mðd ko fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd

hyladmwa`mhdaf .Lhfknaioy& 1=<;7 Kadmofp adk Pumjoy& 1==1-$ ] a bmdafop ko fhp añhp h`nod{a nm`moyhd

p auaym`mðd fhp uymcoyhp khp fmiyhp phiyo akm{hyãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf .Nacmf{hd&

1=>< } Kh|dp& 1=>>-$

UOYPUO@[MRAP [OÐYM@AP KO FAP A_KM[HYÃAP KO FA @HC_DM@A@MÐD

Fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf uokod `hdòimypo } yoafmwaypo kopko uoypuo`{mrap

`hdòu{afop kmboyod{op$ Fap {yop cáp ̀ hdh`mkap od Op{akhp _dmkhp phd fa bd`mhdafmp{a& fa md{oyuyo{a{mra

} fa `yã{mà$

Fa uoypuo`{mra bd`mhdafmp{a {yakm`mhdaf `hd`mio a fap hyladmwa`mhdop `hch ªcáqmdapº ªhigo{hpº

qo uokod poy op{kmakhp ̀ hd fhp ̀ hdòu{hp } cí{hkhp {yakm`mhdafop ko fap ̀ mod`map ph`mafop .Kaddmofp

adk Pumjoy& 1==1-$ Fhp bd`mhdafmp{ap ̀ yood qo fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf op da a`{mrmkak higo#

{mra hipoyraifo qo uoko uhy fh {ad{h poy cokmka& `fapmbmàka } yofa`mhdaka `hd h{yhp uyhòphphyladmwa`mhdafop$ Uhy offh da akm{hyãa bd`mhdafmp{a ko fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf o~acmda uymd#

`muafcod{o fap op{y`{yap bhycafop o mdbhycafop ko fa `hcdmà`mðd& fap uyá`{màp ko fa `hcdmà`mðd

qo {modod qo roy ̀ hd fa uyhk``mðd& fa pa{mpba``mðd kof uoyphdaf& of cad{odmcmod{h ko fa hyladmwa`mðd

} fa mddhra`mðd$ Fa uoypuo`{mra bd`mhdafmp{a pa d uyhòph ko kmaldðp{m`h od of àf of akm{hy apco

fa yopuhdpaimfmkak àpm {h{af kof kmpoñh } fa `hdk``mðd kof cmpch .higo{mrhp& cí{hkhp& } fa md{oyuyo{a#

`mðd ko fhp yopf{akhp-$ Uhy of no`nh ko pay ̀ hdòu{hp } cí{hkhp uyormacod{o op{aifo`mkhp po kmò qo

fa `hyymod{o bd`mhdafmp{a akhu{a da uoypuo`{mra ªkopko boyaº ko fa hyladmwa`mðd$ Uaya fa uoypuo`{mra

bd`mhdafmp{a& of higo{mrh bdkacod{af ko da akm{hyãa op ko{o`{ay } `hyyolmy fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdm#

à`mðd qo op{ád mcumkmodkh fa uyhk``mðd } fa obm`mod`ma ko fa hyladmwa`mðd$ Op uhy op{h qo op{a

uoypuo`{mra na pmkh a`paka ko poyrmy uymd`muafcod{o fhp md{oyopop ko fa akcmdmp{ya`mðd } loyod`ma ko fa

ocuyopa$

H{ya `hyymod{o cáp chkoyda kod{yh ko fa uoypuo`{mra bd`mhdafmp{a& `hdh`mka `hch bd`mhdafmpch `hd#

{ocuhyádoh& akhu{a da rmpmðd cáp kmdácmà kodfh qo op da hyladmwa`mðd r kof uauof ko fa `hcdm#

à`mðd kod{yh ko fa cmpca$ Fhp bd`mhdafmp{ap `hd{ocuhyádohp `hd`miod fa hyladmwa`mðd `hch d

„pmp{oca rmrmod{o” md{olyakh uhy pipmp{ocap } od ̀ hdp{ad{o md{oya``mðd ̀ hd h{yhp pmp{ocap o~{oydhp .Chdlo&

Bayyoff& Ompodioyl& Cmffoy adk \nm{o& 1=>;-$ Op{a dora uoypuo`{mra md`hyuhya `moy{hp ofocod{hp {oðym`hp

} co{hkhfðlm`hp ko fa uoypuo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra& ko fa `yã{mà& } ko fa {ohyãa ko pmp{ocap$

Fa uoypuo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra ro a fap hyladmwa`mhdop `hch ‖`f{yap– .Uaàdh|pj} adk

H”Khddoff#[ygmffh& 1=>1-$ Fap hyladmwa`mhdop& `hch fap `f{yap uhpood d `hdgd{h ko `yood`map }rafhyop& } d fodlago qo po yobfogad od fhp pãcihfhp& fhp ym{hp& fap co{ábhyap& fap nmp{hymo{ap& od of

pmp{oca ko yofa`mhdop } od of `hd{odmkh ko fap `hdroypa`mhdop$ Uhy oph uaya of md{oyuyo{a{mrmp{a fa hyla#

dmwa`mðd op d bodðcodh cáp imod pigo{mrh qo higo{mrh uhy poy da yoafmkak ph`mafcod{o `hdp{ymka

cokmad{o fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd .U{cad& 1=>9-$ Uhy offh of akm{hy md{oyuyo{a{mrmp{a po ̀ od{ya od of pmldmbmà#

kh ko fap a``mhdop } uyhk``mhdop `hcdmà`mhdafop ko da hyladmwa`mðd .pãcihfhp& nmp{hymo{ap& co{á#

bhyap& `hd{odmkh ko fap `hdroypa`mhdop& o{`$- } od fa cadoya `hch po hymlmdad } kopayyhffad op{ap uyh#

k``mhdop `hcdmà`mhdafop$ Of akm{hy md{oyuyo{a{mrmp{a& a kmboyod`ma kof bd`mhdafmp{a md{od{a kop`#

iymy `ðch fhp cmociyhp ko fa hyladmwa`mðd md{oyuyo{ad } o~uoymcod{ad fa rmka hyladmwa`mhdaf pmd mc#



uhdoy dmdl÷d `hdgd{h ko `hdòu{hp uyoop{aifo`mkhp$ Op da mdrop{mla`mðd yoafmwaka ªkopko kod{yhº

uop op of fodlago ko fhp cmociyhp ko fa hyladmwa`mðd } dh of fodlago kof mdrop{mlakhy of qo uyhkò

of ̀ hdh`mcmod{h ko fh qo op fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$ Of ídbapmp ko op{a uoypuo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra

op{á cáp od od{odkoy qo od àcimay fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd ko da hyladmwa`mðd$

Fa uoypuo`{mra `yã{mà po òd{ya od of op{kmh ko `ðch fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf

phd pmp{ocá{màcod{o kmp{hypmhdakap .Naioycap$ 1=<=- uaya poyrmy a fhp md{oyopop ko qmodop op{ád odda uhpm`mðd ko uhkoy kod{yh ko fa hyladmwa`mðd .Koo{w& 1=>9: Cci}& 1=><-$ Of higo{mrh kof mdrop{m#

lakhy `yã{m`h op kopìymy uymcoyh qí uyá`{màp `hcdmà{mrap op{ád pmodkh pmp{ocá{màcod{o

kmp{hypmhdakap a {yaríp kof ph kof fodlago .yo{ðymà hyladmwa`mhdaf- } ko fhp pãcihfhp: poldkh& kop#

odcapàyay fhp md{oyopop `yoakhp qo pmyrod: } {oyòyh& `yoay da `hd`mod`ma qo yo`naò {hka bhyca ko

khcmda`mðd } huyopmðd kod{yh ko fa hyladmwa`mðd$ Uaya afldhp mdrop{mlakhyop dhy{oacoymàdhp fa

uoypuo`{mra `yã{mà {modo `moy{a abmdmkak `hd fa uoypuo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra .Koo{w& 1=>9-$ Uhy ogocufh fap

khp uoypuo`{mrap po md{oyopad od of ph qo fhp cmociyhp ko da hyladmwa`mðd naòd ko fhp pãcihfhp }

kof fodlago apã `hch ko fhp pmldmbmàkhp o md{oyuyo{a`mhdop qo phd `yoakap a {yaríp kof kmp`yph$ Pmd

ociaylh& o~mp{od mcuhy{ad{op } yakmàfop kmboyod`map od{yo fap khp uoypuo`{mrap$ Uhy ogocufh& fa uoyp#

uo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra mldhya of no`nh ko fap kmp`youad`map ko uhkoy } uymrmfolmhp qo o~mp{od od da

hyladmwa`mðd } fa md{oyuyo{a`mðd qo naò ko fhp pãcihfhp ko p pmldmbmàkh op cáp imod puoybm`maf omdloda .Koo{w& 1=>9: Cci}& 1=><: Cay{ãd o{$ af$& 1=>0-$

Ko fap {yop uoypuo`{mrap kop`ym{ap fa cáp uhufay od fhp OO$__$ op fa uoypuo`{mra bd`mhdafmp{a ̀ hd{oc#

uhyádoa& polmka ko fa md{oyuyo{a{mra$ Fa uoypuo`{mra `yã{mà op uyá`{màcod{o mldhyaka adqo o~mp{od

afldap o~òu`mhdop .Koo{w& 1=>97 @foll& 1=<?-$

HIGO[MRHP KO FAP A_KM[HYÃAP KO FA @HC_DM@A@MÐD

Fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd {modod kmboyod{op higo{mrhp kouodkmodkh ko fa uoypuo`{mra {oðymà

qo akhu{ad$ Kopko da uoypuo`{mra bd`mhdafmp{a fhp higo{mrhp ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd

phd fhp pmlmod{op7

1- Orafay fa op{y`{ya md{oyda bhycaf o mdbhycaf kof pmp{oca ko ̀ hcdmà`mðd ko fa hyladmwa`mðd } fhp

kmboyod{op àdafop ko `hcdmà`mðd$

9- Orafay fhp pmp{ocap } uyhòphp ko `hcdmà`mðd a dmrof md{oyuoyphdaf& lyuaf& kouay{acod{af o

md{oykouay{acod{af$

0- Orafay fhp pmp{ocap } uyhòphp ko fa `hcdmà`mðd o~{oyda ko fa hyladmwa`mðd `hd aqoffap od{mka#

kop u÷ifmàp } uymrakap `hd fap àfop o~mp{o md{oykouodkod`ma .od{mkakop ko lhimoydh& uyhrookhyop&

`hdpcmkhyop } h{yhp lyuhp opuo`mafop-$

;- Orafay of uauof& fa obm`mod`ma& } fa doòpmkak ko fa {o`dhfhlãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$

?- Orafay of mcua`{h qo {modod fhp uyhòphp ko `hcdmà`mðd od fa pa{mpba``mðd od of {yaiagh& od fa uyhk`{mrmkak& od of `hcuyhcmph hyladmwa`mhdaf& } of {yaiagh od oqmuh$

2- Uyhchroy àcimhp od of pmp{oca md{oydh } o~{oydh ko fa `hcdmà`mðd `hd of uyhuðpm{h ko {odoy da

hyladmwa`mðd cáp uyhk`{mra } obm`mod{o$

Kopko da uoypuo`{mra Md{oyuyo{a{mra fhp higo{mrhp phd7

1- Orafay of uauof ko fa `hcdmà`mðd od fa `yoa`mðd& cad{odmcmod{h } kopayyhffh ko fa `f{ya ko da

hyladmwa`mðd$



9- Orafay of pmldmbmàkh } `hd{odmkh ko fap uyhk``mhdop `hcdmà`mhdafop {afop `hch `hdroypa`mh#

dop& nmp{hymo{ap& co{ábhyap& ym{hp& pãcihfhp } ay{oba`{hp `hcdmà`mhdafop$

0- Orafay fhp uyhòphp ko `yoa`mðd } kopayyhffh ko fap uyhk``mhdop `hcdmà`mhdafop$

;- Od{odkoy fa rmka hyladmwa`mhdaf } of uauof ko fa `hcdmà`mðd kopko fa uoypuo`{mra ko fhp cmociyhp

ko fa hyladmwa`mðd$ Of ídbapmp ko fa uoypuo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra op{á cáp od of od{odkoy fap uyá`{màp ko

`hcdmà`mðd ko da hyladmwa`mðd qo od àcimayfap$

Bmdafcod{o& kopko da uoypuo`{mra `yã{mà fhp higo{mrhp phd7

1- Orafay fhp uyhòphp ko kmp{hypmðd ko fap kmboyod{op bhycap ko `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$

9- Orafay fap {í`dmàp cadmufa{mrap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd$

0- Orafay fhp md{oyopop `yoakhp qo pmyrod fhp uyhòphp ko kmp{hypmðd ko fa `hcdmà`mðd$

;- Uyhchroy fhp àcimhp doòpaymhp od fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd uaya ofmcmday {hka bhyca ko

huyopmðd } cadmufa`mðd qo o~mp{ad od fa hyladmwa`mðd$

Fa uoypuo`{mra `yã{mà& a kmboyod`ma ko fap khp ad{oymhyop op{á cáp af poyrm`mh ko fhp cmociyhp } lyuhp

ko fa hyladmwa`mðd qo o~uoymcod{ad aflda bhyca ko huyopmðd h cadmufa`mðd$ Of higo{mrh ÷f{mch ko

fa {ohyãa `yã{mà op fa koch`ya{mwa`mðd ko fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd } ko fa hyladmwa`mðd$

CÍ[HKHP ] [Í@DM@AP KO FAP A_KM[HYÃAP KO FA @HC_DM@A@MÐD

Fhp cí{hkhp } {í`dmàp pakhp od fap akm{hyãap ko fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd uaya fa yo`hfo``mðd ko mdbhyca`mðd

} p adáfmpmp phd raymhp kouodkmodkh ko fa uoypuo`{mra {oðymà qo po akhu{o$ Kod{yh ko fa uoypuo`{mra

bd`mhdafmp{a fhp cí{hkhp cáp pakhp phd fa od{yormp{a& of òp{mhdaymh& of adáfmpmp ko fap yokop ko

`hcdmà`mðd& fa od{yormp{a lyuaf& of adáfmpmp ko o~uoymod`map `yã{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd& } of adáfmpmp

ko fa kmbpmðd ko codpagop$

1$ Fa od{yormp{a

Pol÷d @af \$ Kh|dp .1=>>- fa od{yormp{a gd{h ̀ hd of ̀ op{mhdaymh phd fhp khp cí{hkhp iápm`hp ko da

akm{hyãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd$ Acihp cí{hkhp po `hcufocod{ad c} imod od fa yoafmwa`mðd ko da

akm{hyãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf Fa od{yormp{a uoycm{o yo`hloy da mdbhyca`mðd qo uoko

poy mdrop{mlaka nap{a od pp cãdmchp ko{affop od da `hdroypa`mðd uoyphdaf `hd fhp cmociyhp ko da

hyladmwa`mðd$ Fa od{yormp{a uaya poy obo`{mra {modo qo poy koimkacod{o ufadmbmàka } yoafmwaka uhy d

od{yormp{akhy `hcuo{od{o$ Fa od{yormp{a hbyoò da huhy{dmkak ÷dmà uaya qo of akm{hy po bacmfmaymò

`hd of uoyphdaf ko fa hyladmwa`mðd .Kh|dp& 1=>> Nacmf{hd& 1=><& Lhfknaioy 1=>2-$

9$ Of òp{mhdaymh

Of òp{mhdaymh op of mdp{ycod{h cáp `hc÷dcod{o pakh od fa yoafmwa`mðd ko da akm{hyãa ko fa

`hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$ Op{h po koio uymd`muafcod{o a qo of òp{mhdaymh uoycm{o yo`hloy ca#

}hy àd{mkak ko mdbhyca`mðd ko ca}hy àd{mkak ko lod{o } ko da cadoya cáp yáumka } o`hdðcmà qo

h{yhp cí{hkhp$ Akocáp of adáfmpmp ko fa mdbhyca`mðd uoko poy cáp higo{mrh } yáumkh cokmad{o of

adáfmpmp op{akãp{m`h$ Adqo pmocuyo fo qoka af akm{hy fa uhpmimfmkak ko kmpoñay d òp{mhdaymh qo

po akau{o a fhp higo{mrhp opuo`ãbm`hp ko da akm{hyãa& fa uyá`{mà cáp `hc÷d na pmkh of pay afldh ko

fhp ̀ op{mhdaymhp qo }a o~mp{od } ̀ }a rafmkow } ̀ hdbmaimfmkak nad pmkh ̀ hcuyhiakap$ Fhp {yop ̀ op{mh#

daymhp cáp `hdh`mkhp& `hch }a po cod`mhdð ad{oymhycod{o& phd7



a- Of M@A& .Md{oca{mhdaf @hccdmà{mhd Apph`ma{mhd- @hccdmà{mhd Akm{ .1=<1-:

i- of @op{mhdaymh ko Akm{hyãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd ko @af \$ Kh|dp } {yak`mkh af opuañhf uhy B$

Rayhda .1==1-: }

`- of F[[ @hccdmà{mhd Akm{ ko Hpch \mmh .1=<;-$

0$ Adáfmpmp ko fa {yadpcmpmðd ko codpagop

Op{o cí{hkh kopayyhffakh uhy Jom{n Karmp od 1=?9 `hdpmp{o ko d òp{mhdaymh opuo`mafmwakh qo {modo

uhy higo{mrh kopìymy of uyhòph ko kmbpmðd ko d codpago od fa hyladmwa`mðd& kopko p ud{h ko

hymlod nap{a qo fhlya afàdway a fhp kmboyod{op cmociyhp ko fa cmpca$ Op{o cí{hkh uoko yorofay

mdbhyca`mðd c} rafmhpa phiyo of {mocuh qo {hca fa kmbpmðd ko d codpago& fhp ̀ acmdhp qo pmlo od

p kmbpmðd& qmídop ifhqoad fa ̀ hcdmà`mðd& fap yokop ko ̀ hcdmà`mðd mdbhycaf& } fa cadoya ̀ hch

po uyhòpa fa mdbhyca`mðd .Kh|dp& 1=>>-$

;$ Adáfmpmp ko o~uoymod`map `yã{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd

Op{a {í`dmà {modo `hch higo{mrh of adáfmpmp ko o~uoymod`map `hcdmà`mhdafop pmldmbmà{mrap qo a`hd#

{oòd od da hyladmwa`mðd$ Fa kop`ymu`mðd ko op{ap o~uoymod`map uhy fa lod{o ko fa hyladmwa`mðd hbyoòaf akm{hy da mdbhyca`mðd rafmhpãpmca phiyo of {muh ko o~uoymod`map `hcdmà`mhdafop qo o~mp{od&

{ad{h uhpm{mrap `hch dola{mrap& a qí dmrofop pòkod& qí {muh ko `hdk`{ap a`hd{oòd& qí {muh ko

codpagop phd md{oyàcimakhp& } `ðch uoy`miod fhp uyh{alhdmp{ap fa obo`{mrmkak h mdobo`{mrmkak ko

km`nap o~uoymod`map .Kh|dp& 1=>> Lhfknaioy& 1=>2-$

?$ Adáfmpmp ko fap yokop ko `hcdmà`mðd

Of uyhuðpm{h bdkacod{af ko op{a {í`dmà op of adáfmpmp ko fa op{y`{ya ko fa `hcdmà`mðd ko da

hyladmwa`mðd } p obo`{mrmkak$ Op{a {í`dmà uoycm{o orafay qmíd po `hcdmà `hd qmíd od da hyla#

dmwa`mðd h kouay{acod{h ko fa cmpca& ̀ áfop phd fhp lyuhp qo o~mp{od& qmídop phd fhp cmociyhp qo

a`{÷ad `hch uod{o od{yo khp h cáp lyuhp& qmídop phd fhp cmociyhp qo uoycadoòd ampfakhp }

nap{a qí ud{h fa op{y`{ya bhycaf ko fa `hcdmà`mðd `hyyopuhdko `hd fa op{y`{ya yoaf {af } `hch

a`hd{oò kmaymacod{o$ H{yhp apuo`{hp qo uokod poy orafakhp {acimíd `hd op{a {í`dmà phd fhp ifh#

qohp qo o~uoymcod{a fa kmbpmðd ko fa mdbhyca`mðd& of `hd{odmkh ko fa `hcdmà`mðd } fa àd{mkak ko

mdbhyca`mðd qo op kmbdkmka .Kh|dp& 1=>> Nacmf{hd& 1=><: Lhfknaioy 1=>2-$

2$ Fa od{yormp{a lyuaf

Of ph ko fa od{yormp{a lyuaf `hch {í`dmà ko akm{hyãa ko fa `hcdmà`mðd op ko yo`mod{o auaym`mðd$

Op{a {í`dmà pofo``mhda d `moy{h d÷coyh ko cmociyhp youyopod{a{mrhp ko fa hyladmwa`mðd uaya poy

od{yormp{akhp `hch lyuh uhy of akm{hy$ Fa od{yormp{a po pofo òd{yay od apuo`{hp `yã{m`hp ko fa `hc#dmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf qo doòpm{ad ca}hy kmp`pmðd } adáfmpmp h od apuo`{hp yofa{mrhp a `ðch

mcufocod{ay àcimhp od fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$ Fa md{oya``mðd lyua¡ qo op{a {í`dmà lodo#

ya uoycm{o `hdpolmy da uoypuo`{mra cáp higo{mra ko fhp uyhifocap } ko fhp àcimhp qo uokod

yoafmwaypo od fa hyladmwa`mðd .Nacmf{hd& 1=><-$

Fhp cí{hkhp ko adáfmpmp o md{oyuyo{a`mðd ko fa uoypuo`{mra bd`mhdafmp{a phd of adáfmpmp op{akãp{m`h } of

adáfmpmp ko `hd{odmkh .Bayaò& Chdlo adk Yppoff& 1=<<-$



Kod{yh ko fa uoypuo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra fhp cí{hkhp cáp pakhp phd fa hipoyra`mðd kmyo`{a& fa od{yormp{a

.ad{oymhycod{o kop`ym{a- } of adáfmpmp ko fap uyhk``mhdop `hcdmà`mhdafop .kh`cod{hp hbm`mafop&

nmp{hymo{ap& co{ábhyap } `hdroypa`mhdop-$

<$ Fa hipoyra`mðd kmyo`{a

Op{a {í`dmà puhdo of ca}hy aòyàcmod{h a fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf& fa {hca ko dh{ap& } ofadáfmpmp ko fap cmpcap$ Fap {í`dmàp ko hipoyra`mðd kmyo`{a àdkh po pad od fa akm{hyãa ko fa `hc#

dmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf uoycm{od qo of akm{hy po bacmfmaymò `hd fa rmka hyladmwa`mhdaf& p lod{o& p

acimod{o bãpm`h& } `hd fh qo phd fap uyá`{màp ko `hcdmà`mðd {af `hch a`hd{oòd od pp kmboyod{op

dmrofop$ Op{a {í`dmà uoycm{o qo of akm{hy yo`hga mdbhyca`mðd ko{affaka } ko uymcoya cadh phiyo

uyhòphp ko `hcdmà`mðd qo phd ko àum{af mcuhy{ad`ma uaya fa hyladmwa`mðd& {afop `hch fa `hdk`#

`mðd ko da yodmðd kouay{acod{af h of uyhòph ko {hca ko ko`mpmhdop$

>$ Of adáfmpmp ko fap uyhk``mhdop `hcdmà`mhdafop

Of akm{hy md{oyuyo{a{mrmp{a `hdòd{ya pp opboywhp od fa yo`hfo``mðd } adáfmpmp ko fap uyhk``mhdop

`hcdmà`mhdafop ko da hyladmwa`mðd& {afop `hch nmp{hymo{ap& co{ábhyap& pãcihfhp& ay{oba`{hp& kh`#cod{hp op`ym{hp } `hdroypa`mhdop$ Fa yo`hfo``mðd ko op{ap uyhk``mhdop `hcdmà`mhdafop fap naò a

{yaríp ko od{yormp{ap& `hdroypa`mhdop mdbhycafop& } hipoyra`mðd kmyo`{a$

Fa uoypuo`{mra md{oyuyo{a{mra pa kmboyod{op raymaifop ko adáfmpmp ko `hd{odmkh od of op{kmh o md{oyuyo{a#

`mðd ko fhp pãcihfhp& nmp{hymo{ap& co{ábhyap& } `hdroypa`mhdop ko da hyladmwa`mðd .Ihycad& Nh|off&

Dm`nhfp& adk Pnaumyh 1=>9: Jh`n adk Koo{w& 1=>1: Jh`n adk Koo{w& 1=>1: Pcm{n adk Ompodioyl& 1=><-$

Bmdafcod{o& fa co{hkhfhlãa qo uoko poy akhu{aka kod{yh ko fa uoypuo`{mra `yã{mà op c} raymaka }a

qo uhy da{yafowa op ca`yhadafã{mà& ̀ afm{a{mra& kmafí`{mà& md{oyuyo{a{mra& } ̀ yã{mà .Nofk& 1=>5: Yhloyp&

1=>9: Naff& 1=>=-$ Fhp cí{hkhp ko yo`hfo``mðd ko mdbhyca`mðd } adáfmpmp ko op{a uoypuo`{mra phd od

`moy{a cokmka pocogad{op a fhp pakhp uhy fhp md{oyuyo{a{mrmp{ap .hipoyra`mðd kmyo`{a& od{yormp{a& o{`$-

Uoyh of akm{hy `yã{m`h o~acmda {hkap fap bhycap ko yo{ðymà ko da hyladmwa`mðd .kmp`yphp& nmp{hymo{ap&

co{ábhyap } pãcihfhp-& } pp uyhòphp mkohfðlm`hp$

YOP_F[AKHP KO FAP A_KM[HYÃAP KO FA @HC_DM@A@MÐD

Fap `hd{ymi`mhdop cáp pmldmbmà{mrap ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf nad pmkh a

khp dmrofop7

1- a dmrof {oðym`h co{hkhfðlm`h& }

9- a dmrof kof coghyacmod{h ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$

1$ A dmrof {oðym`h } co{hkhfðlm`h

Fa uyá`{mà ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd na `hd{ymimkh ko da cadoya pmldmbmà{mra od of

kopayyhffh kof `hdh`mcmod{h ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$ Uhy ogocufh& dorhp `hdòu{hp nad

pmkh md`hyuhyakhp kod{yh kof òyuh ko `hdh`mcmod{hp {oðym`hp ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf

{afop ̀ hch of ̀ hdòu{h ko ªpa{mpba``mðd ̀ hd fa ̀ hcdmà`mðdº .Kh|dp } Nawod 1=<<-$ Fa huoya{mrmwa`mðd

ko op{o `hdòu{h po `ymp{afmwð od of mdp{ycod{h ad{oymhycod{o uyopod{akh ‖@hccdmà{mhd Akm{

Qop{mhddamyo– .Kh|dp 1==1-$



Uhy h{ya uay{o& fap uoypuo`{mrap {oðymàp } fhp cí{hkhp } {í`dmàp pakap od fa ̀ hdk``mðd ko fap akm{hyãap

ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf po nad rodmkh yobmdadkh } acufmadkh$ Od d uymd`mumh& `hch }a po

na km`nh& fa uoypuo`{mra khcmdad{o bo fa bd`mhdafmp{a$ Uhp{oymhycod{o po boyhd md`f}odkh fap uoyp#

uo`{mrap md{oyuyo{a{mra } `yã{mà$ Od of chcod{h a`{af o~mp{o d `hdgd{h ko uifmà`mhdop qo hbyoòd

da mdbhyca`mðd a`{afmwaka } iap{ad{o `hcufo{a phiyo of {oca ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd

.Nacmf{hd& 1=><: Kh|dp& 1=>>-$ @hch yopf{akh ko op{o kopayyhffh of {oca ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa

`hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf po odpoña `hch d `yph cáp kod{yh kof uyhlyaca ko Caop{yãa od fhpkouay{acod{hp ko op{kmhp ko fa `hcdmà`mðd$

Lya`map {acimíd a fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd o~mp{o d `hdh`mcmod{h cáp pmp{ocá{m`h } opuo`ã#

bm`h ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$ Fap áyoap cáp mdrop{mlakap nad pmkh fa `hcdmà`mðd od{yo

puoyrmphy#pihykmdakh& fa obo`{mrmkak ko fhp àdafop } cokmhp ko `hcdmà`mðd& of `fmca ko fa `hc#

dmà`mðd& fa `hcdmà`mðd od{yo fhp ocufoakhp& fa `hcdmà`mðd kouay{acod{af o md{oykouay{acod{af&

} fa obo`{mrmkak ko fa op{y`{ya bhycaf ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$ Od{yo fhp yopf{akhp cáp

pmldmbmà{mrhp qo po nad `hdpolmkh a dmrof {oðym`h op{ád fhp pmlmod{op7 uymcoyh& of kopayyhffh kof

`hdòu{h ko ªpa{mpba``mðd `hd fa `hcdmà`mðdº } poldkh& of naioy kopìmoy{h qo íp{o op d `hd#

òu{h cf{mkmcodpmhdaf qo md`f}o apuo`{hp ̀ hch Mdbhyca`mðd phiyo fa Hyladmwa`mðd& } @fmca Lodo#

yaf ko fa @hcdmà`mðd .Kh|dp adk Nawod& 1=<2: @ymdh adk \nm{o& 1=>1: @facum{{ adk Kh|dp& 1=><-$

Bmdafcod{o& fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd nad `hd{ymimkh {acimíd af kopayyhffh kof `hdh`mcmod{h

phiyo fa yofa`mðd qo o~mp{o od{yo `hcdmà`mðd } h{yap raymaifop hyladmwa`mhdafop$ Op{kmhp yoafmwakhp

uhy Kh|dp =1=<<-& Rmkaf .1=>9-& @facum{{ adk Lmyayk .1=><- } Rayhda .1=>>- nad kochp{yakh qo

o~mp{o da yofa`mðd uhpm{mra od{yo pa{mpba``mðd `hd fa `hcdmà`mðd } pa{mpba``mðd `hd of {yaiagh } fa

uyhk`{mrmkak$ H{ya poymo ko op{kmhp .Kh|dp& A$ 1==1: Uh{rmd& 1==1: } Rayhda& 1==1- nad kochp{yakh

qo o~mp{o da yofa`mðd uhpm{mra od{yo fa pa{mpba``mðd `hd fa `hcdmà`mðd } of `hcuyhcmph

hyladmwa`mhdaf$

9$ A dmrof ko coghyacmod{h ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf

Fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd nad rodmkh a ffoday o1 ra`ãh qo o~mp{ãa od{yo fa mdrop{mla`mðd } fa

aufmà`mðd ko fhp yopf{akhp ko opa mdrop{mla`mðd af coghyacmod{h ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$

Fhp yopf{akhp ko fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd nad kochp{yakh& uhy da uay{o& qo obo`{mracod{o

o~mp{od uyá`{màp ko fa `hcdmà`mðd qo phd ko{ymcod{afop uaya of bd`mhdacmod{h obmàw ko fa hyladmwa#

`mðd } qo doòpm{ay a``mhdop ̀ hyyo`{mrap$ Na pmkh {acimíd lya`map a fap akm{hyãap ̀ hcdmà`mhdafop qo

fap hyladmwa`mhdop nad ̀ hcodwakh a pod{my ̀ ðch fa {ohyãa } fa mdrop{mla`mðd qo po odpoña } uya`{mà od fa

aàkocma uokod poy iodobm`mhpap uaya pp hyladmwa`mhdop fh àf na `hd{ymimkh ko da cadoya ko`mpmra

a qo fap hyladmwa`mhdop akhu{od da a`{m{k cáp yoòu{mra na`ma fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd$

@HD@F_PMÐD

Fap akm{hyãap ko fa `hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf `moy{acod{o mcufmàd c`nh cáp ko fh qo aqã po

na uyopod{akh$ Uop uhy da uay{o& o~mp{od c`nhp h{yhp apuo`{hp qo koioyãad poy {ya{akhp& {afop ̀ hch fhp

cí{hkhp ko adáfmpmp o md{oyuyo{a`mðd ko fa mdbhyca`mðd yo`hlmka } of kopayyhffh ko ̀ hd`fpmhdop } yo`hcod#

ka`mhdop$ ] uhy h{ya& fhp apuo`{hp uyopod{akhp aqã op{ád {ya{akhp ko da cadoya c} yopcmka$

Uoyh qmwáp fa fmcm{a`mðd cáp mcuhy{ad{o ko op{o {yaiagh poa fa uoypuo`{mra o{dh`íd{ymà kopko fa qo

op{á `hdòimkh$ Fmcm{a`mðd qo pðfh uhkyá poy puoyaka cokmad{o of kmáfhlh `hd h{yap uoypuo`{mrap



`f{yafop$ Ko anã fa {yapòdkod`ma qo {modo of md{oyàcimh `f{yaf uaya of kopayyhffh `mod{ãbm`h ko fa

`hcdmà`mðd hyladmwa`mhdaf$

IMIFMHLYABMA$#

IHYCADD& O$L$& NH\OFF& \$P$& DM@NHFP& Y$L$ } PNAUMYH& L$F$ .1=>9-$ Md{oyuoyphdaf @hccdmà{mhd md {no

Chkoc Hyladmwa{mhd .9§ okm`mðd- Odlfo|hhk @fmbbp& D$G$7 Uyod{mò Naff$

@FOLL& P$ .1=<?- Uh|oy& Yfo& adk Khcmda{mhd$ Fhdkhd7 Yh{foklo adk Jolad Uaf$@FACUM[[& P$ } KH\DP& @af \$ .1=><-$ ª@hccdmà{mhd Pa{mpba`{mhd7 a yormo| hb {no fm{oya{yoº$ Uauoy dh uifmàkh$

_dmroypmkak ko Jadpap$

@FACUM[[& P$ } LMYAYK& K$C$ .1=><-$ ª[mco bhy yobfo`{mhd7 a ba`{hy adaf}{m` p{k} hb `hccdmà{mhd pa{mpbma`{mhd

mdp{ycod{$º Uauoy dh uifmàkh$ _dmroypmkak ko \mp`hdpmd#Lyood Ia}$

@YMDH& Cm`naof K$ } \NM[O& Cm`naof @$ .1=>1-$ ªPa{mpba`{mhd md `hccdmà{mhd7 ad o~acmda{mhd hb {no Kh|dp#Nawod

coapyo$ Up}`nhfhlmàf Youhy{p& ;=& >01#>0>$

KADDMOFP& [hc K$ } PUmJOY& Iayy} J$ .1==1-$ Uoypuo`{mrop hd Hyladmwa{mhdaf @hccdmà{mhd$ 9§ okm`mðd Kiqo&

fh|a7 \C$@$Iyh|d Uifmpnoyp$

KARMP& J$ .1=?0-$ ªA co{nhk hb p{k}mdl ̀ hccdmà{mhd ua{{oydp md hyladmwa{mhdpº Uoyphddof Up}`nhfhl}& 2& 97 051#019$

KOO[W& P$A$ .1=>9-$ ª@ym{màf md{oyuyo{mro yopoay`n md hyladmwa{mhdaf `hccdmà{mhdº \op{oyd Ghydaf hb Puoo`n

@hccdà{mhd& ;2& 101#1;=$

KH\DP& A$ .1==1-$ A ̀ apo p{k} hb {no yofafmhdpnmu io{|ood ̀ hccdmà{mhd pa{mpba`{mhd adk hyladmwa{mhdaf ̀ hccm{cod{

md {|h Ap{yafmad hyladmwa{mhdp$ [opmp ko Caop{yãa dh uifmàka$ _dmroypmkak ko Jadpap$KH\DP& @$\$ } NAWOD& C$K$ .1=<2-$ ªA ba`{hy adaf}{m` p{k} hb `hccdmà{mhd pa{mpba`{mhd$ Ghydaf hb Ipmdopp

@hccdmà{mhd& 1;& 0& 20#<0$

KH\DP& @af \$ .1=>>- @hccdmà{mhd Akm{p$ Lfodrmo|& Mffmdhmp7 P`h{{& Bhyopcad adk @hcuad}$

BAUA@O& Y$R$& CHDLO& U$Y$ } Y_PPOFF& N$C$ .1=>>-$ @hccdmà{mdl adk Hyladmwmdl$ Do| ]hyj7 Yadkhc Nhpo$

LHFKNAIOY& Loyafk$ .1=><-$ ‖fcufocod{mdl Hyladmwa{mhdaf @hccdmà{mhd Kmaldhpmp7 {no @hccdmà{mhd akm{–$ md

Loyafk C$ Lhfknaioy Hyladmwa{mhdaf @hccdmà{mhd$ .;§ ok$- Kiqo& Mh|a7 \c @$ Iyh|d Uifmpnoy$ uálp$ 0==#;;=$

LYOODIA_C& Nh|ayk& NOFF\OL& Ppad A$ } BAF@MHDO& Ya}chdk F$ .1=>0-$ Orafa{mhd hb @hydcdmà{mhd md

Hyladmwa{mhdp7 Ya{mhdafo& Nmp{hyr adk Co{nhkhfhlmop$ Uauoy uyopod{akh od fa @hdrod`mðd ko fa M@A& Kaffap& [o~ap$

LYOODIA_C& Nh|ayk N$ .1=>2-$[no coapyocod{ hb hyladmwa{mhd#|mko ̀ hccdmà{mhd7 a ̀ hcuaymphd hb {nyoo hyladmwok

mdp{ycod{p$ Uauoy uyopod{akh od fa @hdrod`mðd ko fa M@A @nmàlh& Mffmdhmp$

NAIOYCAP& Göylod$ .1=<=-$ @hccdmà{mhd adk {no Orhf{mhd hb Ph`mo{}$ Ihp{hd7 Ioa`hd Uyopp$

NAFF& P{ay{$ .1=>=-$ ªMkohfhl} adk @hccdmà{mhd [nohy}º md Koyrmd& Iyodka o{$ af$ .okp$ Yo{nmdjmdl @hccdmà{mhd$

Rhf 1& Do|iy} Uayj& @A7 Palo Uifmà{mhdp& 1=>=$

NACMF[HD& Po}chy$ .1=><-$ A @hccdmà{mhd Akm{ Nadkihhj$ Nofumdl Hyladmwa{mhdp ̀ hccdmà{o$ Fhdkhd7 Fhdlcad

Md`$

NO@N[& C$F$ .1=<>-$ ªCoapyop hb `hccdmà{mhd pa{mpba`{mhdº$ Ncad @hccdmà{mhd Yopoay`n$ ;& ;& 0?5#0?>$

NOFK& Karmk$ .1=>5-$ Md{yhk`{mhd {h @ym{màf [nohy}7 Nhyjnomcoy {h Naioycap$ Ioyjfo}7 _dmroypm{} hb @afmbhydma Uyopp$

JMH& G$I$A$ .1=<=-$ A kop`ymu{mro p{k} hb `hccdmà{mhd pa{mpba`{mhd& dook pa{mpba`{mhd& adk dook mcuhy{adò mdko~

achdl Dmloymad |hyjoyp$ [opmp ko Caop{yãa dh uifmàka& _dmroypmkak ko Jadpap$JH@N& P$ } KOO[W& P$A$ .1=>1-$ ªCo{aunhy adaf}pmp hb ph`maf yoafm{} md hyladmwa{mhdpº$ Uauoy uyopod{akh od fa P@A(M@A

@hdboyodò hd Md{oyuyo{a{mro Auuyha`nop {h Hyladmwa{mhdaf @hccdmà{mhd$ Af{a& _{an$

CAY[MD& G$& BOFKCAD& C$& NA[@N& C$G$ } PMYJMD& P$I$ .1=>0-$ ª[no dmqodopp uayakh~ md hyladmwa{mhdaf p{hymopº$

Akcmdmp{ya{mro P`modò Qay{oyf}& 9>& ;0>#;?0$

C_CI]& K$ J$ .1=><-$ ª[no uhfm{màf bd`{mhd hb dayya{mro md hyladmwa{mhdp$º @hccdmà{mhdp Chdhlyaunp& ?;& 110#19<$

CHDLO& U$Y$& BAYYOF& Y$R$& OMPODIOYL& O$C$& CMFFOY& J$M$ } \NM[O& F$F$ .1=>;-$ [no uyhòpp hb p{k}mdl uyhòppmd hyladmwa{mhdaf `hccdmà{mhd$ Ghydaf hb @hccdmà{mhd& 0;& 99#;0$

DMFPOD& [$Y$ .1=?0-$ ‖[no ̀ hccdmà{mhd pyro}7 a p{k} hb ̀ hccdmà{mhd uyhifocp md {nyoo hbbmò adk ba`{hy} dm{p–$

Kmpoy{a`mðd kh`{hyaf dh uifmàka& _dmroypmkak ko Hjfanhca$

HKMHYDO& L$ .1=?;-$ ªAd auufmà{mhd hb {no `hccdmà{mhd akm{º Uoyphdaf Up}`nhfhl}& 1& 90?#9;0$

UA@ADH\PJ]& C$O$ } H”KHDDOFF#[Y_GMFFH& D$ .1=>;-$ ªHyladmwa{mhdaf ̀ hccdmà{mhd a `f{yaf uoybhycadò$

@hccdmà{mhd Chdhlyaunp& ?5& 192#1;<$

U_[DAC& F$F$ .1=>9-$ ‖Uayakmlcp bhy hyladmwa{mhdaf `hccdmà{mhd yopoay`n7 ad hroyrmo| adk p}d{nopmp–$ \op{oyd

Ghydaf hb Puoo`n @hccdmà{mhd& ;2& 1=9952$

YHLOYP& O$ .1=>0-$ ‖[no ocumymàf adk ̀ ym{màf p`nhhfp hb ̀ hccdmà{mhd yopoay`nº Md C$ Iylhhd .ok$- @hccdmà{mhd



]oay Ihhj ?$ Do| Iydp|m`j& D$G$7 [yadpa`{mhd Ihhjp$

PCM[N& Y$@$ } OMPODIOYL& O$C$ .1=><-$ ª@hdbfm`{ a{ Kmpdo}fadk7 A yhh{#co{aunhy adaf}pmp–$ @hccdmà{mhd

Chdhlyaunp& ?<& 02<#0>5$

RAYHDA& Bokoym`h$ .1==0-$ @hccdmà{mhd Pa{mpba`{mhd adk Hyladmwa{mhdaf @hccm{cod{7 A P{k} md [nyoo la{ocafad

`hcuadmop$ Add Ayihy& Cm`nmlad7 _$C$M$ Kmppoy{a{mhd Mdbhyca{mhd Poyrmò$

RAYHDA& Bokoym`h } KH\DP& @af$ \$ .1==0- ª_d Op{kmh @hcuaya{mrh ko fa Pa{mpba``mðd `hd fa @hcdmà`mðd } fa

Pa{mpba``mðd `hd of [yaiagh od khp @hcuañãap La{ocaf{oàpº$ @akoydhp ko Kma#fhlhp ko fa @hcdmà`mðd& 9>& 1#12$

RAYHDA& Bokoym`h .1==0-$ ª@hdòu{afmwa`mðd } Puoyrmpmðd ko fa @hcdmà`mðd } of @hcuyhcmph Hyladmwa`mhdafº$

Kma#fhlhp ko fa @hcdmà`mðd& 0?& 2=#<<$

RMKAF AF_C& @ayfhp$ .1=>9-$ A àpo p{k} hb `hccdmà{mhd pa{mpba`{mhd md Dhra ko Chd{oyyo}$ [opmp ko Caop{yãa dh

uifmàka$ _dmroypmkak ko Jadpap$

\MMH& Hpch$ .1=<;-$ ªAkm{mdl @hccdmà{mhd } Hyladmwa{mhdp7 A P{adkayk Pyro} # [no F[[ @hccdmà{mhd Akm{º$

Uauoy uyopod{akh od fa M@A$

las auditorías de comunicación desde una perspectiva académica

Documents