la construcción de un torno a pedal

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8/2/2019 La construcción de un torno a pedal http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/la-construccion-de-un-torno-a-pedal 1/15 Lk jngzvryjjmúg fi yg vnrgn k tifkl Izvi vnrgn zi mgmjmú jng yg fmziûn fi Rn} Ygfir`mll, kyvnr } trizigvkfnr fi "Lk Vmigfk fil Xnnfxrmh`v" ig lk TBZ (itmznfmn fi ;041-' Mgmjmklcigvi, cnfilkfn ig il bnjivn fi Fk Qmgjm, {yi vkcbmíg zi kziciok k lnz vnrgnz yvmlmkfnz tnr tilvrirnz ig il zmhln ;0' Cm fmziûn ayi mctylzkfk tnr klhygnz fi lnz ri{ymzmvnz {yi trnbkblicigvi gn zi cnlizvú ig Lingkrfn jykgfn `mn zy bnjivn nrmhmgkl? ]n {yirãk yg vnrgn {yi irk tnrvkbli ({yi vrkfmjmngklcigvi zi vnrgnz fil qnlkgvi gn ln zng- } zi yvmlmk yg cãgmcn fi ilicigvnz fi amokjmúg cnfirgnz' Krvmjylkjmngiz zmctliz qyilvk } lnz tirgnz fi ckfirk trntnrjmngkr yg ckrjn klhn cignz rãhmfn, zmgn {yi iz lmhirn } aëjml firrmbk tlkgk tkrk zy klckjigkcmigvn n vrkgztnrvi' Jngzvryjjmúg } fi jkrk kl qnlkgvi

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Page 1: La construcción de un torno a pedal

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Lk jngzvryjjmúg fi yg vnrgn k tifkl

Izvi vnrgn zi mgmjmú jng yg fmziûn fi Rn} Ygfir`mll, kyvnr } trizigvkfnr fi "Lk Vmigfkfil Xnnfxrmh`v" ig lk TBZ (itmznfmn fi ;041-' Mgmjmklcigvi, cnfilkfn ig il bnjivn fi

Fk Qmgjm, {yi vkcbmíg zi kziciok k lnz vnrgnz yvmlmkfnz tnr tilvrirnz ig il zmhln ;0' Cmfmziûn ayi mctylzkfk tnr klhygnz fi lnz ri{ymzmvnz {yi trnbkblicigvi gn zi cnlizvú igLingkrfn jykgfn `mn zy bnjivn nrmhmgkl? ]n {yirãk yg vnrgn {yi irk tnrvkbli ({yivrkfmjmngklcigvi zi vnrgnz fil qnlkgvi gn ln zng- } zi yvmlmk yg cãgmcn fi ilicigvnz fiamokjmúg cnfirgnz' Krvmjylkjmngiz zmctliz qyilvk } lnz tirgnz fi ckfirk trntnrjmngkr ygckrjn klhn cignz rãhmfn, zmgn {yi iz lmhirn } aëjml firrmbk tlkgk tkrk zy klckjigkcmigvnn vrkgztnrvi'

Jngzvryjjmúg } fi jkrk kl qnlkgvi

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Ictijí jng il qnlkgvi, jncn zi fmjvk lk hincivrãk fi lk izvryjvyrk' Yg byig qnlkgvi fimgirjmk fibi zir tizkfk, tlkgk } i{ymlmbrkfk' Il vkckûn ipkjvn gn iz jrãvmjn, tirn ighigirkl ygk ck}nr qnlkgvi trntnrjmngkrë ygk ck}nr qilnjmfkf fi hmrn } cëz mgirjmk' Ygnfi Ygfir`mll cívnfnz tkrk lk jngzvryjjmúg fi yg qnlkgvi fi mgirjmk iz tihkr . jlkqkr vrizjktkz fi vkblirn fi qklnriz, izjklngkgfn lkz oygvkz tnr 69 n 14 hrkfnz' Izvn gn zúln li

fkrë yg byig iztiznr, tirn vkcbmíg li fkrë izvkbmlmfkf fmcigzmngkl ({yi vigfirë k tirckgijir tlkgk-' Jnrvkr yg jãrjyln fi klhn vkg hryizk gn iz aëjml, iztijmklcigvi jykgfnzi yvmlmkg ̀ irrkcmigvkz fi ckgn, tirn zmhyi zmigfn jngzmfirkblicigvi cëz aëjml {yi lkklvirgkvmqk, {yi jngzmzvi ig jngzvrymr yg rkfmnz fil qnlkgvi'

Kl `kjir zy qnlkgvi fi mgirjmk, iz cy} mctnrvkgvi gn tirfir fi qmzvk zy jigvrn ipkjvn'Yzvif vigfrë {yi zkbir izvi tygvn tkrk k`yijkr lkz jkqmfkfiz fi lnz jnomgiviz tnr ioi' Zmyvmlmk ygk zmirrk fi jmgvk } lk tlkgvmllk tkrk jnrvkr lk ryifk, `kjir il khyoirn tkrk il jigvrnfi ln cëz ti{yiûn tnzmbli tkrk {yi vighk ygk riairigjmk ipkjvk (iz fmaãjml tkrk khrkgfkr lnz khyoirnz jng trijmzmúg-'

Iz gijizkrmn {yi ipmzvk yg jkgkl klrififnr fi lk jmrjygairigjmk fi lk ryifk tkrk zyoivkr il

jkbli fi kjjmngkcmigvn' Yzvif tyifi jnrvkr izvk k ckgn jng ygk hybmk, n iztirkr ̀ kzvk{yi lk ryifk izvë cngvkfn ig il tifkl } lk jnrvú jng ygk hybmk n hmrn fi lk vrkãllk'

Jngzvry}igfn il ckrjn

Zm yzvif gn izvë mgvirizkfn ig zy vnrgn tnrvkgfn znbri yg ckrjn tizkfn, rãhmfn izfizikbli' ]n jngzvryã lk cãk fi tmgn, kbivn } tmgkbivi, {yi iz bkrkvn (ln {yi tircmviiptirmcigvnz akllmfnz-, aëjml fi vrkbkokr, } ln `kji cy} lmhirn tkrk il vrkgztnrvi, tirn zyamgkl zirë cëz rnbyzvn fi vnrgn, cëz trijmzk, } qmbrkg cignz zm yvmlmkr fi byigk jklmfkf,cëz tizkfn, fmcigzmngklcigvi izvkbli fi qklnriz' Fil cmzcn cnfn, `i yvmlmkfn lkz

 oygvkz vrkzlktkfkz } lnz tirgnz fi ckfirk tkrk {yi zik aëjml fi fizcngvkr' Zm il vnrgn gnzi qk ig il jkcmgn, vi rijncmigfn kfijykfnz cnrvkok } iztmhk, } ig aygjmúg fi ln {yi

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 tirãnfn `mzvúrmjn {yi izvëg lliqkgfn k jkbn, zyoivkfnriz rizmzvigviz jncn il tihkcigvn } .n vnrgmllnz n tirgnz'

Il trnvnvmtn mgmjmkl' Zm bmig gn iz

virrmblicigvi rizmzvigvi, «aygjmngú+

Lk jngzvryjjmúg ipkjvk fi lk izvryjvyrk gn iz mctnrvkgvi, tirn lkz fmcigzmngiz fibig

vigir ig jyigvk ln zmhymigvi?# Il vkckûn fi lk ryifk cnvrm'# Lk klvyrk fi vrkbkon fizikfk'# Lk lnghmvyf fi vrkbkon fizikfk fi lk jkck'

Zm zi jngzvry}i il ckrjn cëz kctlmn fi ygnz ;0 k ;= tylhkfkz igvri jigvrnz, vkcbmígvigfrë {yi jngzvrymr yg tifkl cëz kctlmn (k cignz {yi vighk lkz tmirgkz cy} lkrhkz-'

Qmzvk arngvkl fi lk qirzmúg

"jnrvk" fi vrkbkon'

Fivklli fil qnlkgvi' Qmzvk tnzvirmnr' Lk kfmjmúg fi lk

jkcmllk cy} rianrkfk fil

bkzvmfnr'

Cngvkoi fil qnlkgvi

Tkrk il ioi fil qnlkgvi, `i yvmlmkfnckvirmkl rifngfn 9.0#mgj`' Il ioi

 tirckgiji izvkjmngkrmk (jng il hmrn filqnlkgvi klrififnr fi íl-, tnr ln {yi il ioizi tyifi cngvkr fmrijvkcigvi ig il

 bkzvmfnr zmg jnomgiviz' Il ioi zi ckgvmigiig zy lyhkr tnr fnz kgmllnz' Ckgfrmgkfn

lnz khyoirnz tkrk il ioi iz lk tkrvi fmaãjml,}k {yi fizik {yi il ioi k izvkr k gmqil fil

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zyiln } tirtigfmjylkr kl ckrjn' Ygk tlkgvmllk kbyrrmfk fi klhÿg vmtn iz ygk byigk mfik, izcy} fmaãjml ̀ kjir yg khyoirn tnr lk qirfkf zmctli qmzvk'

@k} qkrmnz vmtnz fi rnfkcmigvnz {yi tyifi yvmlmkr tkrk il qnlkgvi, tirn fiamgmvmqkcigvign {ymirn {yi zi ktn}k fmrijvkcigvi znbri il ioi, il jngvkjvn civkl#ckfirk il vmictn zi

hkzvkrë yg khyoirn cëz hrkgfi } cëz hrkgfi } vmrkr fi lk ryifk ayirk fil jigvrn' Lnzjnomgiviz fi ckghymvn } rnfkcmigvnz fi bnlkz izvëg fmztngmbliz ig jykl{ymir airrivirãk' Ilqnlkgvi zi ckgvmigi igvngjiz ig il ioi jng yg jnllkrãg fi vnti virjirn' Izvi jnllkr zi fibiizvkblijir ln zyamjmigvicigvi zyilvn jncn {yi il qnlkgvi hmri lmbricigvi'

Lk jngzvryjjmúg fi lk tifkl

Ig lk ck}nrãk fi lnz vnrgnz fil qnlkgvi fi tirãnfnz tnzvirmnriz, il tifkl fil tmi zi jngijvkk ygk ckgmqilk {yi k zy qi, lnz tnfiriz fil qnlkgvi fil ioi fi vrkgzcmzmúg' Tkrkzmctlmamjkr lk jngzvryjjmúg, fmziûn fi Ygfir`mll jngijvk il brkn fil tifkl fmrijvkcigvi k

lk jkrk fil qnlkgvi' Izvn tircmvi {yi il ioi fi tirckgijir amon, jng il qnlkgvi hmrkgfnlmbricigvi znbri illk, } ilmcmgk lk gijizmfkf fi akbrmjkr ygk ckgmqilk tkrk il ioi'

Ig cm fmziûn, `i yzkfn fi jnrvi vmrkangfnz ;.6#mgj` tkrk `kjir lkz jlkqmokz fi amokjmúgzytirmnr i mgairmnr fil brkn fi tifkl' Tkrk il tkzkfnr fi amokjmúg zytirmnr, lk jkbik filvnrgmlln iz kqillkgkfn ig lk jkrk ntyizvk fi lk ryifk, il vnrgmlln zi jnrvk kgviz fi {yi lnz`mlnz fi ictikr, } yg bln{yi fi ckfirk :.6#mgj` ig lk jkrk jirjk fi ckgvmigi il brkn fi

 tifkl igvrig ig jngvkjvn jng il ioi'

Il trntmn tifkl iz zmctlicigvi ygk tmik fi ckvirmkl bnrfn :.6#tylhkfk {yi izvëkrvmjylkfn kl cngvkgvi fi tifkl' @i yvmlmkfn yg tkzkfnr fi bmzkhrk fizcngvkbli tkrk {yi

 tyifk zir rivmrkfn tkrk zy vrkgztnrvi' Ygmfn kl ipvricn mgairmnr fil tifkl iz yg bln{yi fickfirk {yi rijmbi il tkzkfnr fi amokjmúg mgairmnr' Il tkzkfnr iz zmctlicigvi nvrn tirgnfi amokjmúg, kvnrgmllkfn ig il bln{yi } jng lk jkbik jnrvkfk'

Il brkn fi tifkl iz zmctlicigvi ygk tmik fi ckvirmkl jykfrkfk jng khyoirnz ;.6#mgj` igjkfk ipvricn fi ckgirk {yi tyifi tmqnvkr ig lk tkrvi zytirmnr i mgairmnr tkzkfnriz fiamokjmúg' Gn ci cnlizví jng rnfkcmigvnz ig lnz tygvnz fi amokjmúg, tirn tnfrãk, tnr ygkygmúg cëz fyrkfirk' Il brkn fil tifkl ig zã zi ckgvmigi ig zy lyhkr nvrk qi jng jnllkrizfi tkrkfk'

JkbiklVkl qi lk tkrvi cëz jnctliok fi izvi trn}ijvn iz lk jkbik fi lk ygmfkf' Il qnlkgviaygjmngk bmig mgjlyzn jng yg ti{yiûn cnqmcmigvn, tirn il ioi fi jkbikl fi lk ygmfkffibi izvkr ig tiraijvk klmgikjmúg jng lnz jigvrnz n lk tmik {yi zi qnlqmú k vkcbklikrzi'Tkrk il koyzvi fi lnz jnomgiviz fil ioi, mgjlyzn yg tyrmzvk fi lk qmiok `irrkcmigvkz tnzmbli{yi fizii jngzmfirkr yg vklkfrn tkrk nbvigir lnz khyoirnz klmgikfnz } qirfkfirn'

Il iztnlúg fi ygmfkf {yi zi tyifi `kjir fi fmairigviz ckgirkz' Il cëz zmctli iz cnlir iliztnlúg fi lk tnblkjmúg fi vnfn il yvmlmkfn tkrk il ioi fi jkbikl fi lk ygmfkf' Izvnzmhgmamjk {yi zm yzvif izvë yvmlmkgfn il ckvirmkl fi ;.2#mgj`, il izvãcyln fi ygmfkf gn

 tyifi zir cëz fi ;.2#tylhkfk fi kgj`n' Izvk iz ygk ckgirk aëjml fi `kjirln, tirn jng yg ti{yiûn iztnlúg zi li lmcmvk ig il vkckûn fi lk tnblkjmúg {yi tyifi hmrkr'

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Nvrn cívnfn iz vrkbkokr yg ipvricn fil ckvirmkl rifngfn ig ygk `nok' Izvn li fk ygizvãcyln cëz hrkgfi jng ck}nr cnrfmigvi, tirn zm yzvif gn izvë kjnzvycbrkfn kl kjirn fivrkbkon tyifi zir cëz fmaãjml' Zmg icbkrhn, yzvif anrckr il iztnlúg, kzihÿrizi fi {yi izvëklmgikfn jng il ioi lkrhn kzã {yi ln {yi zi cngvk k zy qi ig vnrgn k yg znln tygvn'

Mgjlyzn zmg yg vnrgn tkrk igjigfirln, zi tyifi izbnkr ygk tnlik fi vrkgzcmzmúg jng ygjmgjil } yg tlkgn fi jkoikfnz bkgjn' Ygk qi {yi vighk yg trnvnvmtn, zi tyifi yvmlmkr 

 tkrk kjvmqkr ygk qirzmúg cëz kjkbkfk' Ygk tnlik cignr trntnrjmngkrë ygk ck}nr qilnjmfkf fi hmrn, tirn ygk cëz hrkgfi zirë cignz trnbkbli fizlmkrzi (fibmfn k {yi cëzfi lk jnrrik fi vrkgzcmzmúg izvë ig jngvkjvn jng lk tnlik-' Lk tnlik fibi izvkr rãhmfkcigviygmfn kl ioi fi lk tnlik tnr{yi fibi jngfyjmr il ioi, gn zúln fibi hmrkr znbri il cmzcn'Yg cívnfn jngzmzvi ig izvkblijir kgmllnz fi koyzvi ig lnz ipvricnz fi lk tnlik, ln {yi li

 tircmvi {ymvkr } koyzvkr jng akjmlmfkf' Ygk klvirgkvmqk iz cignz alipmbli tkrk mgzirvkr yg tirgn fi civkl k vrkqíz vkgvn fi lk tnlik } il ioi'

"Lkrhn" Qirzmúg fi Vrkbkon' Vighk ig jyigvk

bymlfnyv fi lnz jkrrmliz, jkcmllk, } fi tifkl' Vighk

ig jyigvk vkcbmíg zntnrvi fi lk `irrkcmigvk

cúqml'

Tifkl Vnrgn Nqir`kyl ! Lijjmngiz Ktrigfmfkz

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@kji ygnz 9 kûnz, `i jngzvrymfn yg qnlkgvi fi mgirjmk fi tifkl Vnrgn "trnvnvmtn", {yi }kaygjmngkbk, gygjk ci tkzkrng k ygk "trnfyjjmúg" fil cnfiln' @k zirqmfn bmig, tirn ̀ kllihkfn kl tygvn fi {yi klhygnz ckvirmkliz tnbriz } fi lkz fijmzmngiz fi fmziûn k`nrkvmigig {yi zir jnrrihmfnz tkrk ckgvigirln ig aygjmngkcmigvn'

Qnlkgvi

Il qnlkgvi izvë jngzvrymfnk tkrvmr fi vriz jktkz fivkblirnz' Zm bmig gn iz

 tiraijvkcigvi tlkgkcyirvnz, iz lnzyamjmigvicigvi jirjk

 tkrk `kjir il vrkbkon' Il trmgjmtkl trnblick jng ilqnlkgvi izvë ig lnz

jnomgiviz' Cm fmziûnnrmhmgkl yvmlmk jnomgivizfi brngji fi ckghk, {yiaygjmngkg cy} bmig, tirn

 trizigvkg yg trnblickjykgfn zi yvmlmk jng ygkryifk fi ckfirk' Zm lnzjnomgiviz zi ygig igkbznlyvn, il qnlkgvi k zy qi, klrififnr fi lnz jnomgiviz, ig lyhkr fi lnz jnomgiviz ig il ioifi hmrn' Cmz mgvigvnz fi izvkblijir lnz rnfkcmigvnz zúln ayirng yg ípmvn victnrkl, },amgklcigvi, lk ckfirk klrififnr fi lnz jnomgiviz zi jnctrmcmirng } kalnok fi lnzrnfkcmigvnz' Izvn jngfyon k ygk cklk bkcbnlin ig lk ryifk } ygk hrkg jkgvmfkf fiigirhãk tirfmfk' ]n kzycã {yi vigfrãk {yi jngzvrymr ygk gyiqk ryifk tkrk {yi aygjmngifi gyiqn'

Kanrvygkfkcigvi, ci vntí jng ygk znlyjmúg aëjml' Cmigvrkz gkqihk tnr lk vmigfk fi zyjkzk lk nairvk lnjkl, ci fm jyigvk fi ygk `nok fi jnrvkfnr fi jkgvnz, {yi jngzmzvi ig ygk

 tlkjk fi kjirn fi = tylhkfkz jng yg khyoirn 9.0#mgj` ig il jigvrn (jirjk fi & : tnr-' Oygvnk jkfk jkrk fil qnlkgvi, izvkz tlkjkz {yi lnz rnfkcmigvnz cy} ÿvml, jng ygk armjjmúgcyj`n cëz bkon {yi lnz jnomgiviz' Ig trmcir lyhkr ci kfoygvk ygk tlkjk, k jngvmgykjmúg,mgzirvk ygk bkrrk fi 9.0#mgj` } ln yzkrng tkrk jnlnjkr lk nvrk tlkjk, kzihyrëgfnzi fi {yi

lk qkrk irk ln cëz jirjkgn k lk tirtigfmjylkr k lk jkrk fi lk ryifk {yi }n tnfãk `kjirln'

Lnz rizylvkfnz ayi cy} zkvmzakjvnrmn' Fi `ij`n, lk ryifk iz k`nrk cëz jirjk fi jmirvn filn {yi irk lk trmcirk qi {yi ln jngzvry}ú' Lkz tlkjkz qmigig jng yg kjkbkfn lkjkfk

 brmllkgvi, kzã {yi ci tyzi ygk jktk fi tmgvyrk gihrn ckvi tkrk fkrliz yg kztijvn cëzkfijykfn' Ygk ryifk fi gyiqn kÿg izvkrãk bmig, tirn ízvi fibi zihymr vrkbkokgfn tnr klhÿg vmictn'

Jkbikl

Il jkbikl iz lk tkrvi cëz jnctlmjkfk } victirkcigvkl fil vnrgn' Il fmziûn nrmhmgkl zmhyi

zmigfn zúlmfn, tirn cm ioijyjmúg irk yg tnjn fizjymfkfn, } lk tnttivz vmigfig k cnqirzi

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yg tnjn, ̀ kjmigfn {yi lnz rnfkcmigvnz fi ygmrzi fi qi ig jykgfn tkrk krrmbk' Vkcbmígigjngvrí lnz jnomgiviz fi armjjmúg k vigir cëz fi ln {yi {ymzmirk'

Il trmcir tkzn irk `kjir cyûijnz gyiqnz' Lnz kztijvnz cëz mctnrvkgviz zng {yi zikoyzvkg tiraijvkcigvi igvri lkz bkrkgfmllkz fi lk jkck, } ci zmigvn tirtigfmjylkr k illnz'

@mji izvi jngoygvn cëz kctlmn, vkg kctlmn jncn lkz bkrkgfmllkz fi lk jkck, tkrk fkrlizygk ck}nr ërik fi jngvkjvn' Lyihn yvmlmk il zvnje fi lk jnlk tkrk ckrjkr il ioi fi lkjkbik fi lk ygmfkf' Yg vklkfrn iz cy} ÿvml tkrk tiranrkr lnz khyoirnz'

Tkrk lnz rnfkcmigvnz gyiqnz, ci fijmfã k mr jng lnz rnfkcmigvnz fi lk jkrk ig lyhkr fi lnzjnomgiviz {yi yzí kgviz' Izvn ig hrkg cifmfk rifyji lk armjjmúg } iz yg tnjn cëzvnlirkgviz fi jykl{ymir ti{yiûk fizklmgikjmúg igvri illnz'

Tifkl

Il tifkl nrmhmgkl irk znlkcigvi jirjk fi 6 tylhkfkz fi kgj`n, } zi yvmlmk ygk znlk bmzkhrk

 tkrk jngijvkr jng il tygvkl fi tifkl' Ci igjngvrí jng yg tifkl fi ck}nr ci fmn cëzalipmbmlmfkf, kl vmictn fi vrkbkon, } ci tircmvmú jngzihymr jng fnz bmzkhrkz, tnr ln {yi izcëz rãhmfn'

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AYIGVI

Vrkfyjmfn kl iztkûnl jng Hnnhli Vrkgzlkvnr 

Bymlfmgh k Al}x`iil Vrikfli Lkv`i

V`mz lkv`i bihkg xmv` k fizmhg arnc Rn} Ygfir`mll, kyv`nr kgf `nzv na "V`iXnnfxrmh`vz Z`nt" ng TBZ (itmznfi ;041-' Mgmvmkll} tkvvirgif ng fk Qmgjmz zeivj`, mvklzn rizicbliz v`i lkv`iz yzif b} tixvirirz mg v`i ;0v` jigvyr}' C} fizmhg xkz frmqig b}znci ri{ymricigvz v`kv trnbkbl} fmfgv bnv`ir Lingkrfn x`ig ̀ i ckfi ̀ mz nrmhmgkl

zeivj`? M xkgvif k lkv`i v`kv xkz tnrvkbli (x`mj` al}x`iil lkv`iz vrkfmvmngkll} kri gnv- kgfyzif k cmgmcyc na cnfirg akzvigirz' Zmctli lkt onmgvz kgf xnnfig bnlvz trnqmfi kzncix`kv lizz rmhmf arkci, byv mv mz lmh`vximh`v kgf ikzml} egnjez fnxg alkv anr zvnrkhi nr vrkgztnrvkvmng'

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Bymlfmgh kgf Z`ktmgh v`i Al}x`iil

M bihkg xmv` v`i al}x`iil, kz mv fmjvkviz v`i hincivr} na v`i arkci' K hnnf al}x`iil

z`nylf bi `ikq}, alkv, kgf bklkgjif' V`i ipkjv zmi mz gnv jrmvmjkl, byv mg higirkl k lkrhir al}x`iil xmll trnqmfi akzvir vyrgmgh ztiifz kgf cnri mgirvmk' Ngi na Ygfir`mllz civ`nfzanr jngzvryjvmgh k al}x`iil mz vn hlyi.gkml yt v`rii lk}irz na bnkrf zvnje, zvkhhirmgh v`i

 onmgvz b} 69 nr 14 fihriiz' V`mz xmll gnv ngl} hmqi }ny k hnnf v`mjegizz, byv xmll klzn hmqifmcigzmngkl zvkbmlmv} (mv xmll vigf vn rickmg alkv-' Jyvvmgh k jmrjli nyv na znciv`mgh v`mzv`mje mzgv ikz}, iztijmkll} x`ig yzmgh `kgf vnnlz, byv mv mz zvmll jngzmfirkbl} ikzmir v`kgv`i klvirgkvmqi, x`mj` mz vn bymlf k ztneif al}x`iil'

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X`ig ckemgh }nyr al}x`iil, mv mz qir} mctnrvkgv gnv vn lnzi vrkje na mvz ipkjv jigvir' ]nyxmll giif vn egnx v`mz tnmgv vn bnri v`i `nliz anr v`i bikrmghz.kpli' Ma }ny yzi k bkgfzkxkgf omh vn jyv v`i x`iil, ckei v`i `nli anr v`i jigvir kz zckll kz tnzzmbli zn }ny `kqi kgkjjyrkvi riairigji (mvz ̀ krf vn iglkrhi ̀ nliz kjjyrkvil}-'

V`iri giifz vn bi k j`kggil krnygf v`i jmrjycairigji na v`i x`iil vn `nlf v`i frmqi jnrf'

]ny jkg imv`ir jyv v`mz b} `kgf xmv` k jkrqmgh hnyhi, nr xkmv ygvml v`i x`iil mz cnygvifvn v`i vrikfli kgf jyv mv xmv` k vyrgmgh hnyhi nr bnxl zjrktir'

Bymlfmgh v`i Arkci

Ma }nyri gnv mgvirizvif mg vnvmgh }nyr lkv`i kbnyv, k `ikq}, rmhmf arkci mz fizmrkbli' M bymlvcmgi arnc tmgi, amr, kgf `iclnje, x`mj` mz j`ikt (v`yz kllnxmgh anr akmlif iptirmcigvz-,ikz} vn xnre, kgf ckeiz mv qir} lmh`v anr vrkgztnrv, byv }nyr amgmz`if lkv`i xmll bi zvyrfmir,cnri trijmzi, kgf qmbrkvi lizz ma }ny yzi hnnf {yklmv}, `ikqmir, fmcigzmngkll} zvkbli zvnje'Zmcmlkrl}, M yzif lkt onmgvz kgf xnnfig bnlvz vn ckei mv ikz} vn fmzkzzicbli' Ma }nyr lkv`i

mzgv hnmgh ng v`i rnkf, M rijnccigf trntir cnrvmzi#kgf#vigng onmgvz, kgf fitigfmgh ngx`kv ̀ mzvnrmjkl tirmnf }ny kri tyrzymgh, zvyrf} akzvigirz zyj` kz hlyi kgf.nr zjrixz.bnlvz'

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V`i mgmvmkl trnvnv}ti' X`mli gnv

virrmbl} zvyrf}, mv xnreif+

V`i ipkjv jngzvryjvmng na v`i arkci mz gnv mctnrvkgv, byv v`i fmcigzmngz z`nylf kjjnygvanr v`i anllnxmgh?# V`i zmi na v`i frmqi x`iil'# V`i fizmrif xnremgh ̀ imh`v'

# V`i fizmrif xnremgh lighv` na v`i bif'

Ma }ny bymlf v`i arkci xmfir v`kg kbnyv ;0#;= mgj`iz bivxiig jigvirz, }ny xmll klzn giifvn bymlf k xmfir vrikfli (yglizz }ny `kqi qir} lngh lihz-'

Arngv Qmix na "Z`nrv" Xnremgh

Qirzmng'

Fivkml na Al}x`iil' Bkje Qmix' V`i kffmvmng na v`i

zvrivj`ir hrikvl} zvrighv`igif

v`i arkci'

Cnygvmgh v`i Al}x`iil

Anr v`i al}x`iil kpli, M yzif 9.0#mgj`rnygf zvnje' V`i kpli rickmgz zvkvmngkr}(xmv` v`i al}x`iil vyrgmgh krnygf mv-, znv`i kpli jkg bi cnygvif fmrijvl} vn v`iarkci xmv`nyv bikrmghz' V`i kpli mz ̀ ilfmg tlkji b} vxn zvnt jnllkrz' Bnrmgh v`i`nliz anr v`i kpli mz v`i fmaamjylv tkrv, kz}ny xkgv v`i kpli vn bi liqil vn v`ihrnygf kgf tirtigfmjylkr vn v`i arkci' K

 bnrmgh omh na znci emgf mz k hnnf mfik5 mvz

qir} fmaamjylv vn bnri k vryi `nli b} i}iklngi'

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V`iri kri ziqirkl v}tiz na bikrmghz }ny jkg yzi anr v`i al}x`iil, byv }ny fiamgmvil} fn gnvxkgv mv rizvmgh fmrijvl} ng v`i kpli5 v`i civkl#ng#xnnf jngvkjv xmll iqigvykll} xikr klkrhir kgf lkrhir `nli kgf v`rnx v`i x`iil naa jigvir' Zliiqi bikrmghz kgf bkll bikrmghzkri rikfml} kqkmlkbli mg cnzv `krfxkri zvnriz' V`i al}x`iil mz v`ig `ilf ng vn v`i kplixmv` k v`mrf zvnt jnllkr' V`mz jnllkr z`nylf bi ziv lnnzil} ignyh` v`kv v`i al}x`iil vyrgz

ariil}'

Bymlfmgh v`i Vrikfli

Mg cnzv al}x`iil lkv`iz na lkvir tirmnfz, v`i annv vrikfli jnggijvz vn k jrkge x`mj` mg vyrg tnxirz v̀ i al}x`iilz frmqi z`kav' Vn zmctlma} jngzvryjvmng, Ygfir`mllz fizmhg jnggijvzv`i vrikfli krc fmrijvl} vn v`i akji na v`i al}x`iil' V`mz kllnxz v`i kpli vn rickmg ampif,xmv` v`i al}x`iil vyrgmgh ariil} kbnyv mv, kgf ilmcmgkviz v`i giif vn akbrmjkvi k jrkge anr v`i kpli'

Mg c} fizmhg, M yzif jyv#naa ;.6#mgj` lkh bnlvz vn ckei v`i yttir kgf lnxir kvvkj`cigv tmgz anr v̀ i vrikfli krc' Anr v`i yttir kvvkj`cigv tmg, v`i `ikf na v`i bnlv mz jnygvir#zyge ng v`i nttnzmvi akji na v`i x`iil, v`i bnlv mz jyv naa bianri v`i v`rikfz zvkrv, kgf k :.6#mgj` xnnfig blnje ng v`i gikr akji eiitz v`i vrikfli krc arnc jncmgh mg jngvkjv xmv` v`ikpli'

V`i vrikfli mvzila mz zmctl} k tmiji na :.6#mgj` bnkrf zvnje v`kv mz `mghif vn v`i vrikflizvryv' M yzif k ricnqkbli tmg `mghi zn v`kv mv jkg bi ricnqif anr vrkgztnrv' Kvvkj`if vn v`i

 bnvvnc igf na v`i vrikfli mz k xnnf blnje v`kv rijimqiz v`i lnxir kvvkj`cigv tmg' V`i tmgmz zmctl} kgnv`ir lkh bnlv, zjrixif mgvn v`i blnje kgf xmv` v`i `ikf jyv naa'

V`i vrikfli krc mz zmctl} k tmiji na z{ykri zvnje xmv` ;.6#mgj` `nliz mg imv`ir igf zn v`kvmv jkg tmqnv ng v`i yttir kgf lnxir kvvkj`cigv tmgz' M fmf gnv bnv`ir xmv` bikrmghz mgv`izi kvvkj`cigv tnmgvz, byv }ny jnylf anr k cnri fyrkbli kvvkj`cigv' V`i vrikfli krcmvzila mz `ilf mg tlkji khkmg xmv` zvnt jnllkrz'

V`i Frmqi @ikf

Tir`ktz v`i cnzv jnctlip tkrv na v`mz trnoijv mz v`i frmqi `ikf' V`i al}x`iil xmll xnre amgi iqig xmv` k bmv na xnbbli, byv v`i frmqi `ikf kpli cyzv bi mg tiraijv klmhgcigv xmv`v`i jigvirz nr v`i tmiji bimgh vyrgif xmll xnbbli' Anr zivvmgh v`i kpli bikrmghz, iqig kg

nlf#vnnlz tyrmzv ck} xkgv vn jngzmfir k frmll trizz vn hiv v`i `nliz klmhgif kgf vryi'

V`i frmqi ztyr jkg bi fngi k aix fmaairigv xk}z' V`i zmctlizv mz vn hrmgf v`i ztyr nyv na v`i rnygf zvnje yzif anr v`i frmqi `ikf kpli' V`mz cikgz v`kv ma }nyri yzmgh ;.2#mgj`zvnje, }nyr frmqi ztyr jkggnv bi cnri v`kg ;.2#mgj` xmfi' V`mz mz kg ikz} xk} vn fn mv, byvxmv` k zckll ztyr }nyll bi lmcmvif mg v`i zmi na v`i zvnje }ny jkg vyrg'

Kgnv`ir civ`nf mz vn xnre ngi igf na v`i rnygf zvnje mgvn k blkfi' V`mz hmqiz k lkrhir ztyr xmv` cnri bmvi, byv ma }nyri gnv kjjyzvncif vn xnremgh zviil mv jkg bi cnrij`kllighmgh' @nxiqir }ny anrc v`i ztyr, ckei zyri mv mz klmhgif xmv` v`i lngh kpmz znx`kviqir }ny cnygv vn mv xmll vyrg krnygf k zmghli tnmgv'

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Iqig xmv`nyv k lkv`i vn vyrg mv ng, }ny jkg rnyh` nyv k frmqi tylli} xmv` k cnrvmzmgh j`mzilkgf bigj` tlkgi' Ngji }ny `kqi k trnvnv}ti, }ny jkg yzi mv vn vyrg k cnri amgmz`ifqirzmng' K zckllir tylli} xmll trnqmfi akzvir vyrgmgh ztiifz, byv k lkrhir ngi xmll bi lizzlmeil} vn zlmt (bijkyzi cnri na v`i frmqi bilv mz mg jngvkjv xmv` v`i tylli}-' V`i tylli}cyzv bi rmhmfl} kvvkj`if vn v`i kpli bijkyzi v`i tylli} cyzv frmqi v`i kpli, gnv zmctl}

vyrg ng mv' Ngi civ`nf mz vn ziv zvnt jnllkrz mgvn v`i igfz na v`i tylli}, kllnxmgh }ny vnricnqi kgf kfoyzv mv ikzml}' K lizz alipmbli klvirgkvmqi mz vn mgzirv k civkl tmg v`rnyh` bnv`v`i tylli} kgf v`i kpli'

"Lngh" Xnremgh Qirzmng' Gnvi bymlfnyv na rkmlz,zvrivj`ir, kgf vrikfli' Klzn gnvi cnqikbli vnnl

rizv'

Vrikfli Lkv`i Nqir`kyl ! Lizzngz Likrgif

Kbnyv 9 }ikrz khn, M bymlv k al}x`iil vrikfli lkv`i "trnvnv}ti," x`mj` bijkyzi mv xnreif,xkz giqir ythrkfif vn k "trnfyjvmng" cnfil' Mv `kz zirqif xill, byv mvz hnvvig vn v`i tnmgvx`iri znci tnnr ckvirmklz kgf fizmhg fijmzmngz gnx `kqi vn bi jnrrijvif vn eiit mv mgxnremgh nrfir'

Al}x`iil

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V`i al}x`iil mz bymlv ytarnc v`rii lk}irz na 

 bnkrfz' X`mli gnv tiraijvl} fikf alkv, mvzjlnzi ignyh` vn hiv v`i

 onb fngi' V`i j`mia  trnblic xmv` v`i al}x`iilmz mg v`i bikrmghz' C}nrmhmgkl fizmhg yzif

 brngi zliiqi bikrmghz,x`mj` xnre qir} xill byv

 trizigv k trnblic x`igyzif xmv` k xnnfigx`iil' Ma v`i bikrmghz

 bmgf yt kv kll, v`ial}x`iil xmll vyrg krnygf

v`i bikrmghz, mgzvikf na v`i bikrmghz vyrgmgh ng v`i kpli' C} kvvictvz vn ziv v`i bikrmghz xiri ngl} victnrkrml}zyjjizzayl, kgf iqigvykll} v`i xnnf krnygf v`i bikrmghz bijkci jnctrizzif kgf v`i

 bikrmghz lnnzigif' V`mz lif vn k bkf xnbbli mg v`i x`iil kgf k lnv na xkzvif igirh}' Mkzzycif M xnylf giif vn bymlf k gix x`iil vn hiv mv xnremgh khkmg'

Anrvygkvil}, M zvycblif ng kg ikz} znlyvmng' X`mli brnxzmgh v`i lnjkl ̀ nci zyttl} zvnri,M gnvmjif kg ifhi vrmccir blkfi v`kv jngzmzvz na k =#mgj` zviil tlkvi xmv` k 9.0#mgj` `nli mgv`i jigvir (kbnyv &: tir-' Kvvkj`if vn ikj` akji na v`i al}x`iil, v`izi tlkviz ckei qir}zirqmjikbli bikrmghz, xmv` cyj` lnxir armjvmng v`kg v`i zliiqi bikrmghz' Amrzv M kvvkj`ifngi tlkvi, v`ig mgzirvif k 9.0#mgj` rnf kgf yzif v`kv vn tnzmvmng v`i nv`ir tlkvi, ckemghzyri v`i rnf xkz kz jlnzi vn tirtigfmjylkr vn v`i akji na v`i x`iil kz M jnylf ckei mv'

V`i rizylvz xkz qir} zkvmzakjvnr}' Mg akjv, v`i x`iil mz gnx jlnzir vn vryi v`kg mv xkz x`igM amrzv bymlv mv' V`i tlkviz jnci xmv` k z`mg} oktkggif amgmz`, zn M tyv ng k jnkv na alkv blkje 

 tkmgv vn hmqi v`ic k cnri zymvkbli lnne' K gix x`iil xnylf zvmll bi gmji, byv v`mz ngiz`nylf jngvmgyi vn xnre anr znci vmci'

@ikf Zvnje 

V`i `ikf zvnje mz v`i cnzv jnctlmjkvif kgf victirkcigvkl tkrv na v`i lkv`i' V`i nrmhmgkl

fizmhg mz zvmll znygf, byv c} ipijyvmng xkz k lmvvli zlntt}, kgf v`i tnttivz vigf vn cnqikrnygf k bmv, jkyzmgh v`i bikrmghz vn njjkzmngkll} bmgf yt' M klzn anygf v`i zliiqi bikrmghzvn `kqi cnri armjvmng v`kg M xnylf lmei'

V`i amrzv zvit xkz vn ckei gix tnttivz' V`i mctnrvkgv kztijvz kri v`kv v`i} amv zgyhl} bivxiig v`i bif rkmlz, kgf zmv tirtigfmjylkr vn v`ic' M ckfi v`mz ziv xmfir, kz xmfi kz v`i bif rkmlz, vn hmqi v`ic cnri jngvkjv krik' M v`ig yzif v`i vkml zvnje vn ckre v`i kpmz anr v`ifrmqi `ikf' K frmll trizz mz qir} `iltayl mg bnrmgh v`i `nliz'

Anr gix bikrmghz, M fijmfif vn hn xmv` akji bikrmghz mgzvikf na v`i zliiqi bikrmghz M yzif bianri' V`mz hrikvl} jyvz fnxg ng v̀ i armjvmng kgf mz k bmv cnri vnlirkgv na kg} cmgnr 

cmzklmhgcigv bivxiig v`ic'

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Vrikfli

V`i nrmhmgkl vrikfli xkz ngl} kbnyv 6 mgj`iz xmfi, kgf yzif k zmghli `mghi vn jnggijv mv vnv`i vrikfli zvryv' M anygf k xmfir vrikfli hkqi ci cnri alipmbmlmv} x`mli xnremgh, kgfkllnxif ci vn zijyri mv xmv` vxn `mghiz, ckemgh mv cnri rmhmf'

AYIGVI