la columna cervical
TRANSCRIPT
La columna cervical················································································································2
Conformación ósea
Atlas··························································································································4 Axis····························································································································5 Vértebra tipo·············································································································7
Ligamentos
Sub-occipitales··········································································································9 Raquis cervical inferior····························································································13
Miología
Sub-occipital············································································································14 Raquis cervical superior··························································································17
Fisiología articular
Cervico-occipital······································································································19 Occipito-cervical······································································································23
Topografía cervical···············································································································78
Amplitudes articulares·········································································································47
Líneas matemáticas del cuerpo humano··············································································58
Patología general·················································································································58
Síndromes dolorosos············································································································59
Síndrome de Barre-Lieu···························································································62 Neuralgia de Arnold································································································62 Síndrome vertebro-basilar o de la arteria vertebral················································62 Síndrome del latigazo······························································································64 Tortícolis··················································································································65 Parestesias faríngeas·······························································································65 Espasmos esofágicos·······························································································66 Síndrome de los escalenos······················································································68
Occipital-atlas······················································································································23
Flexo-extensión·······································································································25 Latero-flexión··········································································································26 Rotación··················································································································28 Leyes de Fryette······································································································29 Lesiones osteopáticas·····························································································51
o Mecanismos productores de la lesión occipital (anterior) unilateral EL≠R·73o Mecanismos productores de la lesión occipital posterior unilateral FR≠L··76
o Occipucio impactado················································································116 Diagnóstico
o Visualización·······························································································80o Test de movimientos activos, pasivos y contra-resistidos·························86o Palpación musculatura sub-occipital··························································92o Palpación de las apófisis transversas y de los arcos posteriores de las
vértebras cervicales y test de movilidad en rotación y latero-flexión········95o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en flexo-
extensión mediante el movimiento involuntario·······································98o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en flexo-
extensión mediante el movimiento voluntario··········································98o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en extensión
EL≠R··········································································································102o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en extensión
FR≠L··········································································································105o Diagnóstico diferencial entre una lesión occipital unilateral anterior y una
lesión occipital unilateral posterior··························································108o Test para averiguar las relaciones bilaterales y unilaterales entre las
apófisis transversas del atlas, las apófisis mastoides y el ángulo de la mandíbula································································································108
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en flexo-extensión, dentro del cuadro del movimiento involuntario·····················109
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas del tipo EL≠R·109o Test para averiguar las relaciones unilaterales y bilaterales existentes entre
la apófisis transversa del atlas la apófisis mastoides y el ángulo mandibular·······························································································110
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en FR≠L·········110 Correcciones
o Occipital unilateral anterior (EL≠R)···························································141(En supino, variante en supino y en sedestación)
* Técnica funcional··················································································174
o Occipital unilateral posterior (FR≠L)·························································146
* Técnica funcional···················································································175
o (En supino, variante en supino y en sedestación)o Occipital anterior bilateral········································································150
* Técnica funcional··················································································176
o Occipital posterior bilateral······································································154
* Técnica funcional··················································································178
o Occipucio impactado················································································157
o Occipital en traslación··············································································160
Atlas-Axis······························································································································37
Flexo-extensión·······································································································38 Rotación··················································································································39 Leyes de Fryette······································································································41 Diagnóstico
o Test de movilidad en rotación de la articulación atlo-axoidea en EL≠R y FR≠L··········································································································117
o Presión transversal sobre la apófisis transversa de C1·····························122 Corrección
o En FR≠L y EL≠R··························································································161
* Técnica funcional··················································································180
o Lesión en traslación··················································································165
* Técnica funcional··················································································185
Axis-C3·································································································································48
Leyes de Fryette······································································································48 Diagnóstico
o Test de movilidad de C2 sobre C3 en EL≠R···············································123 Corrección
o En ER=L·····································································································161
* Técnica funcional··················································································183
Pruebas especiales
Test de compresión de la arteria vertebral·······················································126 Test de distracción································································································128 Exploración neurológica en el segmento cervical alto··········································129 Test de L’Hermitte·································································································131 Test de Aspinall·····································································································132
Dermalgias segmentos cervicales altos··············································································133
Tratamientos del Tejido blando de occipital, C1, C2 y C3
Técnica de Jones···································································································135 Estiramiento cervical·····························································································137 Elongación de la musculatura sub-occipital··························································138 Masaje e inhibición sobre la musculatura sub-occipital········································139
La columna cervical (segmentos bajos)
Miología de los segmentos cervicales bajos
Esternocleidomastoideos··························································································2 Largo del cuello·········································································································4 Transverso-espinosos································································································5 Escalenos···················································································································6 Esplenio·····················································································································8 Complexo mayor·······································································································9 Complexo menor·····································································································10 Transverso del cuello······························································································10 Dorsal largo·············································································································10 Angular del omóplato······························································································11 Trapecio··················································································································12 Músculos supra e infrahioideos··············································································13
Plexo braquial······················································································································14
Situación y forma····································································································15 Relaciones···············································································································16
Segmento cervical bajo········································································································19
De C2 a C7···············································································································20 De C2 a C4···············································································································22 La articulación C3-C4·······························································································23 De C4 a C7···············································································································24
Palpación de cervicales bajas·······························································································26
Diagnóstico
Test de movilidado De C3 sobre C4·································································································29
Variante············································································································31o De C4 a C7·········································································································33
Variante············································································································36 Test de diagnóstico de la traslación (segmento cervical bajo) ······································38 Test de movilidad cervical en transversas a través del movimiento involuntario··········39 Test de movilidad de C7································································································41 Diagnóstico neurológico
o Distribución sensitiva························································································43o Pruebas musculares··························································································44o Dermalgias········································································································53
Pruebas especiales
Test de compresión (hernia discal)·········································································57 Test de spurling (compresión raíz nerviosa)····························································58 Test de Jackson (compresión raíz nerviosa) ···························································59 Test de hiperextensión (osteofitos)·········································································60 Test de sotto-hall (meningitis) ················································································61 Test de desfiladero braquial (compresión plexo braquial) ·····································62 Test de Lassege Roger Bikela (neuralgia cervico braquial) ·····································64 Test de Thompson (pierna corta funcional de origen cervical) ······························65 Test de Lift abdominal (origen visceral) ··································································66 Test de Adson (compresión arteria subclavia)························································67 Test de Guillet (primera Costilla) ············································································68 Signo de Bakodig (escalenos)··················································································69 Test kinesiológico····································································································70 Test de deglución····································································································71
Estiramientos
Musculatura posterior·····························································································72 Musculatura anterior······························································································76 Musculatura lateral·································································································78 Musculatura rotadora·····························································································80 En sedestación········································································································82
Premanipulaciones
Técnica de inhibición, estiramiento y tracción························································84 Presiones contrariadas····························································································86 Tratamiento de tejido blando de los segmentos cervicales: occipital-C1-C2-C3·····90
Normalizaciones
Lesión de C3 sobre C4·····························································································98 Lesión de C4 a C7····································································································98
Sedestación···········································································································100 Lesión de C7··········································································································102
Sedestación···········································································································103Decúbito prono·····································································································105
Lesión en traslación (segmento cervical bajo)·······················································106 Lesión de C4 a C6··································································································107 Normalización funcional························································································109