introduccion al estudio del derecho ii-1

8/19/2019 Introduccion Al Estudio Del Derecho II-1

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INTRODUCCIÓN AL ESTUDEL DERECHOLIC. LUIS FERNANDO GONZÁLEZ RUF


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1. SUPUESTOS Y HECHOS

JURÍDICOS1.1 LAS NORMAS DE DERECHO Y LOS SUPUESTOS JURÍDICOS


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Las nor as !"r#$%&as '(n)r%&as (n&%(rran s%( *r( "na o +ar%,%*- (s%s/ &"0a r(a %2a&%-n $a na&% %(n o a as o3 %'a&%$(r(&,os 4"( as %s as nor as/ r(s*(& %+a (n (/ % *on(n 0o or'an.

E5%s ( "na $%6(r(n&%a (n r( os s"*"(s os ora (s 0 !"r#$%&os.


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SUPUESTOS MORALES

Con$%&%onan a *ro$"&&%-n $($(3(r(s.

SUPUESTOS JURÍDICOS

A r(a %2ars(/ (n'(n$ran$(3(r(s 0 $(r(&,os.


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6/59


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Con+%(n(/ (n &ons(&"(n&%a/ s"s % "%r a $(no %na&%-n ,as a( * (a$a *or ( )r %nosupuesto jurídico 0 r(s(r+ar ( no 3r( $(,(&,os !"r#$%&os *ara os 4"( r(a %2an s"*"(s os nor a %+os.

E s"*"(s o (s "no $( os ( ( (n os %n ('ran (s $( *r(&(* o $($(r(&,o/ 0 s" % *or an&%a (s &a*% a / 0a 4"( s(Ba a os r(4"%s%&on$%&%onan as 6a&" a$(s 0 $(3(r(s (s a3 (&%$os *or ( *r(&(* o.


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1. SUPUESTOS JURÍDICOS Y

CONSECUENCIAS DE DERECHO


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SUPUESTOJURÍDICO

Es a ,%*- (s%s &"0ar(a %2a&%-n $(*(n$(n as&ons(&"(n&%as(s a3 (&%$as *or a nor a.


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Las &ons(&"(n&%as a 4"( $a or%'(n a *ro$"&&%-n s"*"(s o *"($(n &ons%s %r (n ( na&% %(n o/

rans %s%-n/ a o$%6%&a&%-n o a (5 %n&%-n $( 6ao3 %'a&%on(s.


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SEG7N HELMHOLTZ9La (0 na "ra (s a3 (&( 4"( ;a $( (r %na$as &on$%&%on(s @4"

&%(r o r(s*(& o son %'"a (s / s( ,a an n(&(sar%a (n ( "n%$( (r %na$as &ons(&"(n&%as @4"( (n o ro &%(r o r(s*(& o a 3%%'"a (s =.

Es $(&%r/ a *r(s(n ars( a &a"s(/ ( (6(& o *ro$>&(s( 6a a (n (/as &on$%&%on(s 4"( a (0 (n"n&%a no +ar#an.

Para6ras(an$o/ *o$r#a $(&%rs( 4"( o$a nor a (s a "0( 4"( a$( (r %na$os s"*"(s os @4"( (n &%(r o r(s*(& o son %'"a (% *> ans( $( (r %na$as &ons(&"(n&%as @4"( (n &%(r o r(s*

a 3%)n son %'"a (s .


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U DIFERENCIA HAY ENTRE LOS DENUNCIADOS


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1. LA LEY DE CAUSALIDAD JUR


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FRITZ SCHREIER HA LA9

No ,a0 &ons(&"(n&%a !"r#$%&a s%n s"*"(s o $( $(r(&,o.

O (n o ra 6or a: o$a &onss(&"(n&%a !"r#$%&a ,? as( &on$%&*or $( (r %na$os s"*"(s os.


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LA LEY DE CAUSALIDAD JURÍDICA PEL SIGUIENTE COROLARIO:

S% a &on$%&%-n !"r#$%&a no +ar%a/ as &ons(&"(n&%as $( $$(3(n &a 3%ar. To$o &a 3%o (n as &on$%&%on(s !"r#$%&as $("na o$%6%&a&%-n (n as &ons(&"(n&%as.

E!( * o: "nos *(rros $( &a2a *(n( ran (n "n (rr(no a!(no 0 &a"san$aBos (n $%&,o (rr(no.

E &a2a$or (s ? o3 %'a$o a %n$( n%2ar a $"(Bo $( *r($%o


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TENDREMOS ENTONCES UE DISTINCON TODO CUIDADO:1. E s"*"(s o !"r#$%&o/ &o o "na s% * ( ,%*- (s%s.

. La r(a %2a&%-n $( (s ?.

. La a& "a %2a&%-n $( as &ons(&"(n&%as $( $(r(&,o.

. La r(a %2a&%-n o no r(a %2a&%-n $( as &ons(&"(n&%as !"r#$%&a


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1. SUPUESTOS JURÍDICOS SIMPL

COMPLEJOS


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Los s"*"(s os !"r#$%&os *"($(n s(r s% * (s o &o * (!os.

Los *r% (ros (s ?n &ons % "%$os *or "na so a ,%*- (s%s< os s('"n&o *on(n $( $os o ?s s"*"(s os s% * (s.

E!( * o: a "(r ( 0 ( ,o %&%$%o &a %6%&a$o.


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1.K HECHOS JURÍDICOS

DEPENDIENTES E INDEPENDIENT


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DICE SCHREIER9

Los ,(&,os !"r#$%&os s( $%+%$(n (n $(*(n$%(n (s ( %n$(*(n$%(n (s.

Los *r% (ros son a4"( os (n r( a&%-n &on os &"a (s +a ( a (0 $s- o *"($(n (5%s %r &o o *ar (s $( "n o$o.

Los %n$(*(n$%(n (s son os 4"( *ro$"&(n *or s# %s os &ons(&"(n&$( $(r(&,o/ s%n n(&(s%$a$ $( ,a ars( "n%$os a o ros.

E!( * o: "n a&&%$(n ( 0 a &( (3ra&%-n $( "n &on ra o $( ra3a!o


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1. HECHOS JURÍDICOS DE EFICA

INMEDIATA Y DE EFICACIA DIFER


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P"($( &ons%s %r (n a&r(a&%-n/ a o$%6%&a&%-n o

a (5 %n&%-n $( $(3(r(s 06a&" a$(s

LA EFICACIA DE LOSHECHOS JURÍDICOS


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En ( *r% (r &aso s( ,a3 a $( (6%&a&%a &ons % " %+a< (n ( s('"(6%&a&%a o$%6%&a %+a 0/ (n ( (r&(ro/ $( (6%&a&%a r(so " o

La $( os ,(&,os !"r#$%&os no (s s%( *r( %n ($%a a. A +(&(s $(*(n$( "n s"&(so 6" "ro. S( $%&( (n on&(s 4"( ( ,(&,o (s $( (6%&a&%$%6(r%$a.

C"an$o a (6%&a&%a s( (n&"(n ra s"!( a a a$+(n% %(n o o r(a %$( "n s"&(so &%(r o/ nos ,a a os (n *r(s(n&%a $( "n ,(&,o !"r#$%&s"!( o a )r %no. S%/ *or ( &on rar%o/ ( a&on (&% %(n o +(n%&on %n'(n ( o %n&%(r o/ a (6%&a&%a $( ,(&,o r(s" a &on$%&


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C"an$o a (6%&a&%a/ &ons % " %+a o o$%6%&a %+a/ $(*a&on (&% %(n o 6" "ro ( %n(+% a3 (/ ( )r %no (s s"s*(ns%+4"( s( ,a&( $(*(n$( $( a ('a$a $( )r %no (s a (5 %n&%-n $( "nar( a&%-n !"r#$%&a/ a4") s( a a 6%na .

E s"s*(ns%+o &on$%&%ona "nas +(&(s ( na&% %(n o o a o$$( $( (r %na$as &ons(&"(n&%as !"r#$%&as< o ras/ $%6%(r( so a(5%'%3% %$a$ $( o3 %'a&%on(s *r((5%s (n (s.

En a *r% (ra ,%*- (s%s/ os $(3(r(s 0 $(r(&,os $(r%+a$os $( ,(&,o!"r#$%&o no na&(n ,as a 4"( ( )r %no ('a< (n a s('"n$a/ (5%s$(s$( 4"( ( s"*"(s o s( r(a %2a/ *(ro an (s $( a ('a$a $( a4") no*"($( ( % " ar (5%'%r $( s"!( o *as%+o ( &" * % %(n oo3 %'a&%-n.


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1. HECHOS JURÍDICOS COMPATI

E INCOMPATI LES


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Dos o ?s ,(&,os !"r#$%&os son &o *a %3 (s (n r( s# &"an$o r(a %2ars( s" an &ons(&"(n&%as o *ro$"&(n o ras n"(+as.

Un ,(&,o !"r#$%&o (s %n&o *a %3 ( &on o ro s%/ a (n a2ars( &an%4"% a s"s (6(& os.

E!( * o: os n('o&%os !"r#$%&os &"0a (6%&a&%a s( ,a a s"!()r %no 6%na . La ('a$a $( )s ( $(s r"0( as &ons(&"(n&%as

a4") os.


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To$a %n&o *a %3% %$a$ nor a %+a % * %&a/ a $os o ?s ,%*- (s%s.

La %n&o *a %3% %$a$ (s s%( *r( %n&o *a %3% %,(&,o &on o ro/ &"0as &ons(&"(n&%as s"*r% (.


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SCHREIER DI IDE LOS HECHOS JURÍINCOMPATI LES EN9a A3so " a (n ( %n&o *a %3 (s. Los a a n('a %+os 0 no %(n

6"n&%-n 4"( $(s r"%r a (6%&a&%a $( o ros. E!( * os: $(s%s %r(+o&a&%-n/ r(n"n&%a/ *a'o/ ( &.

3 R( a %+a (n ( %n&o *a %3 (s. En'(n$ran *or s# %&ons(&"(n&%as< *(ro &"an$o (n ran (n r( a&%-n &on o ros $( (r %na$a (s*(&%(/ (5 %n'"(n s"s (6(& os. E!( * o: a "(r ( $("na *(rsona *ro$"&( *or s#/ (n 6or a %n$(*(n$%(n (/ +ar%as&ons(&"(n&%as< *(ro a a +(2/ (5 %n'"( os (6(& os $( &%(r os ,(%n$(*(n$%(n (s.


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1. CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS HECH

JURÍDICOS EN DERECHO CI IL


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Los ,(&,os !"r#$%&os *"($(n &ons%s %r (n ,(&,os o (s a$os $( ,(&,%n$(*(n$%(n (s $( a a& %+%$a$ ," ana/ o (n a&&%on(s ," a+o "n ar%as o %n+o "n ar%as. E!( * o: na&% %(n o/ a0or#a $(

a "(r ( $( as *(rsonas.

Las a&&%on(s ," anas *"($(n *ro$"&%r &ons(&"(n&%as an or( a&%-n &on s"s a" or(s &o o r( a %+a (n ( a o ros s"!(E!( * o: a r(s*onsa3% %$a$ *or ,(&,os $( "n (r&(ro.


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Las a&&%on(s $( ,o 3r(/ (n an o 4"( ( $(r(&,o s"3!( %+o a&ons($(ra &o o ,(&,os !"r#$%&os/ $%+#$(ns( (n #&% as ( % #&%4"( s(an &on6or (s o &on rar%as a os *r(&(* os $( a4") .

C"an$o as $( "n s"!( o son #&% as 0 s" 6%na %$a$ (s a &r(a&rans %s%-n/ a o$%6%&a&%-n o a (5 %n&%-n $( o3 %

$(r(&,os/ s( a anactos jurídicos.

s os *"($(n s(r "n% a (ra (s o 3% a (ra (s.


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C"an$o %(n(n &o o 6%na %$a$ a &r(a&%-n/ a o$%6%&rans %s%-n o a (5 %n&%-n $( &ons(&"(n&%as $( $(r(&,o/ r(&%

no 3r( $( hechos jurídicos .


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. CLASIFICACIÓN DE LDERECHOS SU JETI

.1 DERECHOS SU JETI OS A LA PROPIA CONDUCTA Y A LA COAJENA


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LOS DERECHOSSU JETI OS SUELENSER DI IDIDOS EN

a D(r(&,os a a *ro*%a&on$"& a

3 D(r(&,os a a &on$"& aa!(na


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DERECHOS A LA PROPIA CONDUCTA

Co o &aso #*%&o s( &% a ( $(r(&,o $( *ro*%($a$.

E $"(Bo $( "na &osa (s ? 6a&" a$o *ara "sar a/ +(n$(r a/ *(r " ar a/ ( &A,ora 3%(n/ )s as 0 as $( ?s 6a&" a$(s 4"( a (0 ( &on&($( r(6%)r(ns( a a& %+%$a$ $( *ro*%( ar%o/ 0 son/ *or &ons%'"%(n (/ $(r(&,os a s" &on$"& a.


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S% ( $"(Bo $( "na 6%n&a 4"%(r( +%+%r (n ( a/ ( 3as a &on (!(r&%iusutendi, 0 no ,a (n(s r $( a %n (r+(n&%-n $( o ros s"!( os.

C"an$o ( $(r(&,o a a *ro*%a &on$"& a (s $( ,a&(r a 'o/ s( ( a a facultasagendi; &"an$o (s $( no ,a&(r a 'o/ s( ( $( o %na facultas omittendi.

E $(r(&,o a a &on$"& a a!(na r(&%3(/ *or s" *ar (/ a $(no %na&%-n facultas exigendi.


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EQISTEN DOS CASOS DE FACULTOMITTENDI

E *r% (ro (s ? &ons % "%$o *or ( $(r(&,o a a o %s%-n $( a &on$"&( s('"n$o/ *or ( 4"( o$o ( "n$o %(n( $( no (!(r&% ar s"s $(r(&,os/&"an$o )s os no s( 6"n$an (n "na o3 %'a&%-n *ro*%a.

S% "na &on$"& a (s ? +($a$a/ (n'o ( $(r(&,o $( o % %r a.

Tan o as 6a&" a$(s a'(n$% &o o as o % (n$% son &orr( a %+as $( ""n%+(rsa $( r(s*( o. En ( o $%6%(r(n $( as 6a&" a$(s (5%'(n$%/ 4"( (n &aso (s &orr( a %+a $( $(3(r $( "na o ?s *(rsonas %n$%+%$"a (n$( (r %na$as.


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En ( &aso $( as 6a&" a$(s $( ,a&(r 0 $( o % %r/ ( &" * % %(n o $($( r(s*( o *(r % ( a % " ar ( *a%&o (!(r&%&%o $( as %n(&(s%$a$ $( *($%r na$a a os s"!( os *as%+os $( a r( a&%-n< (n ( $

facultas exigendi, *or ( &on rar%o/ ( &on&"rso $( o3 %'a$o r(s"%n$%s*(nsa3 (.


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. DERECHOS RELATI ODERECHOS A SOLUT


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Un $(r(&,o (s r( a %+o &"an$o a o3 %'a&&orr(s*on$%(n ( %n&" 3( a "no o +ar%os s"!( o%n$%+%$"a (n ( $( (r %na$os< a3so " o/ &"an$o ( &orr( a %+o (s "na o3 %'a&%-n "n%+(rsa $( r(s*( o.


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CLAUDE DU PAS UIER PROPONE9

Los $(r(&,os r( a %+os +a (n 6r(n ( a "na o +ar%as *(rsona$( (r %na$as/ %(n ras os a3so " os (5%s (n 6r(n ( a o$as.

La &a ('or#a #*%&a $( os r( a %+os (s a $( os $(r(&,os $( &r)$%

E $(r(&,o (s a3so " o &"an$o os s"!( os *as%+os &ons % "0"n%+(rsa %$a$ $( as *(rsonas/ a 4"%(n(s s( % *on( "na o3 %'a&n('a %+a/ (s $(&%r/ "na a3s (n&%-n. E!( * o: ( $(r(&,o 4"( (n( os$( (n(r "n no 3r( *ro*%o.


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Sa3( os 0a 4"( ( $(r(&,o s"3!( %+o no &ons%s ( (n a +o "n a$ n%os %n (r(s(s $( % " ar/ a"n &"an$o *"($a &on&or$ar &on ( os.

La (s(n&%a $( o$o $(r(&,o (s r%3a (n "na *os%3% %$a$ !"r#$%&a%n (r)s o "n 4"(r(r s%no "n (s ar a" or%2a$o o 6a&" a$o *ara ,a&(no ,a&(r a 'o/ (n a4"( os &asos (n 4"( s( $an os s"*"(s os 4"(

&on$%&%onan ( na&% %(n o $( %s o $(r(&,o.


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. DERECHOS SU JETIPRI ADOS Y P7 LICO


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Para ( a (n ( a a $%s %n&%-n (n r( $(r(&,o *r%+a$(r(&,o *>3 %&o o3!( %+os/ s( ,a3 a $( $(r(&,os"3!( %+os *r%+a$os 0 *>3 %&os.

M(!or $%&,o: a *r% (ra & as%6%&a&%-n/ r( a %+a a

&o o s%s ( a $( nor as/ ,a s%$o a* %&a$a a $(r(&&o o &on!"n o $( 6a&" a$(s.

DERECHOS SU JETI OS PRI ADOS


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DERECHOS SU JETI OS PRI ADOS

S( $%+%$(n (n $os 'r"*os: *(rsona (s o $( &r)$% o/ 0 r(a (s.

E 6"n$a (n o $( a $%s %n&%-n ra$%&a/ &o o o (5* %&ar(&a*% " o 4"( s%'"(/ (n a #n$o ( $( os $(3(r(s &orr( a %+os 0 (n$( (r %na&%-n o %n$( (r %na&%-n $( os s"!( os o3 %'a$os.

DERECHOS SU JETI OS P7 LICOS


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DERECHOS SU JETI OS P7 LICOS

J( %n( $%s %n'"( r(s & as(s:

1. D(r(&,os $( %3(r a$<. D(r(&,os 4"( s( ra$"&(n (n a 6a&" a$ $( *($%r a %n (r+(n&%-n

Es a$o (n *ro+(&,o $( %n (r(s(s %n$%+%$"a (s<

. D(r(&,os *o # %&os.


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E &on!"n o $( os $(r(&,os *>3 %&os $( "na *(rsona &ons % "(s a "s $( s"!( o.

Es a s" a $( 6a&" a$(s 4"( os *ar %&" ar(s %(n(n 6r(n ( a **>3 %&o/ 0 r(*r(s(n a "na s(r%( $( % % a&%on(s 4"( ( Es a% *on( a s# %s o.


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. CLASIFICACIÓN 8ELSENDE LOS DERECHOS SU JETI

8ELSEN ESCRI E9


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8ELSEN ESCRI E9

La &on$"& a ," ana *"($( ,a ars( (n r%* ( r( a&%-n on ( or$(n !"r#$%&3%(n ( ,o 3r( (s a so ( %$o a a nor a/ o 3%(n a *ro$"&(/ o 3%(n (s ? %6r(n ( a a %s a/ (s $(&%r/ no %(n( &on ( a a (nor r( a&%-n.

S%n ( 3ar'o/ s( ,a3 a $( %3(r a$ (n s(n %$o a * %o/ s%( *r( 4"( a r( a&&on a nor a no (s $( s"3or$%na&%-n.

En ( *r% (r &aso/ a r( a&%-n $( ,o 3r( &on ( or$(n !"r#$%&o (s *as%+%$a$< (n ( s('"n$o/ a $( a& %+%$a$< (n ( (r&(ro/ a $( n('a %+%


52/59

C"an$o a r( a&%-n (n r( a &on$"& a 0 os *r(&(* os !"r#$%&os (s *"ran('a %+a/ $#&(s( 4"( ( s"!( o (s %3r( 6r(n ( a a nor a o/ *ara ( * (ar a(r %no o'#a ra$%&%ona / 4"( ( s"!( o %(n( ( $(r(&,o $( (!(&" ar " o

a4"( os a& os no r('" a$os $( n%n'>n o$o *or a (0.

S% ( ,o 3r( s( (n&"(n ra (n r( a&%-n *as%+a 6r(n ( a or$(n !"r#$%&o&on$"& a no r(*r(s(n a ( (!(r&%&%o $( "n $(r(&,o/ s%no 4"( s( ra$"&( (n

&" * % %(n o o a +%o a&%-n $( "n $(3(r/ s('>n 4"( &on&"(r$( o nno &on(5%'(n&%as $( (s( or$(n.


53/59

Por > % o/ &"an$o a *(rsona s( ,a a (n r( a&%-n $( a& %+%$a$ &on (!"r#$%&o/ ( %n (r+%(n( (n a &r(a&%-n $( n"(+as nor as/ s" &o *or a %a*ar(&( &o o (!(r&%&%o $( $(r(&,os s"3!( %+os.

La %n (r+(n&%-n $( s"!( o (n a 6or a&%-n $( a +o "n a$ $( Es a$o an%6(s ars(/ 0a s(a (n a &r(a&%-n $( nor as '(n)r%&as/ o (n a $( nor as

%n$%+%$"a %2a$as.

E a& o $( &r(a&%-n &ons % "0( ( (!(r&%&%o $( "n $(r(&,o *o # %&o.


54/59

La &r(a&%-n $( nor as %n$%+%$"a %2a$as/ (s r(a %2a$a "nas +(&(s *or -r'a$( Es a$o< o ras/ *or *ar %&" ar(s/ 0a $%r(& a o %n$%r(& a (n (.


55/59

.K DERECHO DEL O LIGADDERECHO DEL PRETENS

• To$o $(3(r !"r#$%&o s( 6"n$a (n ( $(r(&,o$( a&a ar o.


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DERECHO DELO LIGADO

$( a&a ar o.

• S( a a $(r(&,o $( o3 %'a$o/ *or s(r (4"( )s ( %(n( $( &" * %r &on s" $(3(r.

DERECHO DELPRETENSOR

• Son os 4"( s( r($"&(n a &" * % %(n o $("na o3 %'a&%-n *ro*%a.

• A r(6(r%rs( a $(r(&,o s"3!( %+o/ os !"r%s a( * (an ( )r %no (n (s ( s(n %$o/ (s $(&%r/(n ( $( $(r(&,o no 6"n$a$o (n "n $(3(r $($(r(&,o,a3%(n (.


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. DERECHOS SU JETIDEPENDIENTES E INDEPENDIE


58/59

For an ( *r% (r 'r"*o os 4"( s( 3asan (n o ro$(r(&,o o (n "n $(3(r !"r#$%&o $( % " a%n ('ran ( s('"n$o/ os no 6"n$a$os (n "n $(3(ro (n o ro $(r(&,o $( %s o s"!( o.


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Los $(r(&,os s"3!( %+os $( a s('"n$a (s*(&%( *"($(n (n(r s" 6"n$a (n o(n "na o3 %'a&%-n/ &aso (n ( &"a son $(r(&,os $( o3 %'a$o/ o 3asars( o ro $(r(&,o/ (n &"0o &aso s( ra$"&(n (n a 6a&" a$ $( (s&o'(r (n r( ((!(r&%&%o 0 ( no (!(r&%&%o $( 4"( &on$%&%ona s" (5%s (n&%a.

E $( ( ('%r (n r( ( (!(r&%&%o o no (!(r&%&%o $( o ro s( a a $( %3(r

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