interacciones animales-microorganismos
TRANSCRIPT
7/23/2019 Interacciones animales-microorganismos
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HLKQFALFEFCÈ@ HÌMLK@
Ds de dstumlf md e`s lbtdr`kklfbds dxlstdbtds dbtrd `blh`eds(prlbklp`ehdbtd de guh`bf) y efs hlkrffrc`blshfs kfhf a`ktdrl`s,
vlrus, gfbcfs y p`ràsltfs
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Lbtdr`kklfbds dbtrd efs hlkrffrc`blshfs y de gfhard
Adbìnlk`s Zdroumlkl`eds
E` lbtdr`kklfbds dbtrd ub` cr`b v`rldm`m mdhlkrffrc`blshfs pudmd kfbslmdr`rsd db tìrhlbfs md
s`eum f dbndrhdm`m.
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HLKQFALF]@ BFQH@E
¶Pulìb vlvd kfbhlcf66666........
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¶Puì ds e` hlkrfalft` bfrh`e6
Ds de kfboubtf md hlkrffrc`blshfs qud sddbkudbtr`b db sltlfs p`rtlkue`rds mde kudrpf
guh`bf, db lbmlvlmufs s`bfs.
NEFQ@ BFQH@EALF]@ F HLKQFALF]@HLKQFALFH@ GTH@BF
7/23/2019 Interacciones animales-microorganismos
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Kfhdbs`elshfQdnuclf y `elhdbtf
Z`r`sltlshfadbdnlklf uble`tdr`e
Hutu`elshfadbdnlklf rdkèprfkf
@sfkl`klfbds slhalûtlk`s dbtrd hlkrffrc`blshfs y sugfspdmdrf
(vlvldbmf oubtfs)
G`altu`ehdbtd h`btldbdb ub` rde`klûb slhalûtlk`, kfhdbs`e fhutu`elst` kfb de gfspdmdrf
7/23/2019 Interacciones animales-microorganismos
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ALF]@ QD[LMDB]D
Hf nlofs y kfbst`btdsZudmd sdr pdrtura`m`
pdrf prfbtf sdrdst`aedkd
ALF]@ ]Q@B[L]FQL@
Lbkeuyd hf p`tûcdbfsy bf p`tûcdbfs
G`alt`b gfr`s, mè`s fsdh`b`s
HLKQFALF]@ BFQH@E
Kfefblz`bmf? `mgdrdbkl`, `m`pt`klûb y prfelndr`klûb
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¶Kuàbmf `p`rdkd6
Ndtf? dstìrle
¶Zudmd v`rl`r6
Mdsmd de hfhdbtf mde b`klhldbtf
[dcÿb e`s kfbmlklfbds
nlslfeûclk`s!..
Dm`mMldt`Dst`mf gfrhfb`eDst`mf md s`eum
Glcldbd pdrsfb`e
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¶Zfr quì ds lhpfrt`btdkfbfkdre`6
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Efk`elz`klûb md e` hlkrfalft` bfrh`e
Ds mlstlbtlv` md k`m` rdclûbkfrpfr`e
[ltlfs kfefblz`mfs [ltlfs dstìrleds
Zlde y hukfs`s Zedur`
Lbtdstlbf mdec`mf HdblbcdsLbtdstlbf crudsf Zdrlk`rmlf
]r`ktf urlb`rlf lbndrlfr Zdrltfbdf
^`clb` ßtdrf
Dstûh`cf6 [lstdh` klrkue`tfrlf
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Adbdnlklfs md e` alft` bfrh`e! Zrftdcd md kfefblz`klûb f lbndkklfbds prfvfk`m`s pfr cìrhdbdsp`tûcdbfs LB]DQNDQDBKL@ A@K]DQL@B@
!
[lbtdtlz` vlt`hlb`s? I y vlt`hlb` A01
!
Mdcr`m`klûb md k`rafglmr`tfs bf `asfralmfs (nlarfsfs)
!
Z`rtlklp`klûb db ̀ ecubfs klkefs hdt`aûelkfs kfhf de rdklke`od md e`urd` y s`eds alel`rds.
!
Dstlhue` e` rdspudst` lbhubd
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Alfefcè` md efs hlkrffrc`blshfs. Arfki
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HLKQFALF]@ MD E@ ZLDEDs mlbàhlk`, v`rè` db e`s mlstlbt`s rdclfbds kfrpfr`eds (`xle`s, lbced, dtk)N`ktfrds? ]º, guhdm`m, Ys`eX, pG, àklmfs cr`sfsBf ds n`vfr`aed kfhf g`alt`t0 `drfalf -0: `b`drfalfs
CQ@H +
• [t`pgyefkfkkus
•
Mlntdrflmds• Zrfplfbla`ktdrluh
`kbds
• CQ@H -
•
Zsdumfhfb`s`druclbfs`
•
Edv`mur`s.K`bmlm`
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Dst`nlefkfkfs kf`cue`s`bdc`tlvfs
Dspdklds mdG`dhfpgleus,[trdptfkfkfs
HLKQFALF]@ MD E@ KFBOTB]L^@ Ds ub` kfbtlbu`klûb md e` plde, kfbtldbd k`sl e` hlsh` hlkrfnefr`E`s eàcrlh`s y de p`rp`mdf delhlb`b hlkrffrc`blshfs d lbgladb ` ftrfs
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HLKQFALF]@ MDE FÈMF DW]DQBF[lhle`r ` e` md e` plde
Dst`nlefkfs kf`cue`s` bdc`tlvfs
Kfrybda`ktdrluh
Dspdklds md A`kleus, Bdlssdrl`
@ vdkds Cr`h Bdc`tlvfs (Zrftdus, Dskgdrlkgl`, Zsdumfhfb`s.
@spdrcleeus, Zdblkleeluh, K`bmlm`
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]r`ktf rdsplr`tfrlf
]. rdsplr`tfrlf supdrlfr? 0: `drfal`s-0:: `b`drfal`s
]. rdsplr`tfrlf lbndrlfr?
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HLKQFALF]@ MD E@ AFK@ \ K@^LM@M ATKFN@QÈBCD@
Dspdklds md [trdptfkfkkus,
G`dhfpgleus, Bdlssdrl`s[t`pgyefkfkkus dplmdrhlmls y `urdus
Dspdklds md Zfrpgyrfhfb`s,Zdrvftdee`, ̂ dleefbdee`
Dspdklds md Nusfa`ktdrluh
Edv`mur`s? K`bmlm`
Ds ubf md efs g`alt`t hàs gdtdrfcìbdfs y kfhpedofs
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HLKQFALF]@ MD E@ B@QL_ y B@[FN@QÈBCD
Dst`nlefkfkkfs kf`cue`s`-bdc`tlvfs
Dstrdptfkfkfs vlrlm`bs
[t`pgyefkfkkus `urdus
Dspdklds md Bdlssdrl`s,G`dhfpgleus
[trdptfkfkkus pbduhfbl`d
K`vlm`mds b`s`eds ([.`urdus9 [. dplmdrhlmls)
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^è`s rdsplr`tfrl`s `et`sDst`nlefkfkfs, Dstrdptfkfkfs
Bdlssdrl`, G`dhfpgleusHfr`xdee`
Kfrybda`ktdrl`s
Zdptfstrdptfkfkkus, ̂ dleefbdee`, @ktlbfhykds y Nusfa`ktdrluh
^è`s rdsplr`tfrl`s a`o`s
Aàslk`hdbtd dstìrle
HLKQFALF]@ MDE ]Q@K]F QD[ZLQ@]FQLF
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HLKQFALF]@ MDE ]Q@K]F C@[]QFLB]D[]LB@E
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Dstûh`cf?
HLKQFALF]@ MDE ]Q@K]F C@[]QFLB]D[]LB@E
Kfbtldbd hdbfs md 0: a`ktdrl`s vl`aeds/hE md kfbtdblmf càstrlkf
[trdptfkfkkus
E`ktfa`kleeus
ZdptfstrdptfkfkkusK`bmlm`
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Dspdklds md?
E`ktfa`klefs
Dbtdrfkfkfs
A`ktdrflmdsKefstrlmluh
Hykfa`ktdrluh
Dbtdrfa`ktdrl`kd`d
Lbtdstlbf Mdec`mf
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Dbtdrfa`ktdrl`s? kfelnfrhds
Dbtdrfkfkkus n`dk`els
A`ktdrflmds
Alnlmfa`ktdrluh
Dua`ktdrluh
Zdptfkfkkus
Zdptfstrdptfkfkkus
Quhlkfkkus
Kefstrlmlfs
E`ktfa`kleeus
[trdptfkfkkus
[t`pgyefkfkkus
Lbtdstlbf Crudsf
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Cuè` Zràktlk` md e` Frc`blz`klûb Hubml`e md C`strfdbtdrfefcè`? Zrfalûtlkfs y
prdalûtlkfs
SCF Zr`ktlkd Culmdelbd? Zrfalftlks `bm prdalftlks
YFnnlkl`e [p`blsg tr`bse`tlfb fn tgd SCFX
Zrfalûtlkfs y prdalûtlkfs
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Zrfalûtlkfs Hlkrffrc`blshfs vlvfs qud kfbnldrdbub adbdnlklf ` e` s`eum mde guìspdmku`bmf sd efs `mhlblstr` db k`btlm`mds`mdku`m`s.
Zrdalûtlkfs Lbcrdmldbtds ndrhdbt`mfs sdedktlv`hdbtdqud m`b euc`r ` k`halfs dspdkènlkfs db e`kfhpfslklûb y/f `ktlvlm`m md e` nefr`c`strflbtdstlb`e, kfbnlrldbmf `sè adbdnlklfs `e` s`eum mde guìspdm
[lhalûtlkfs? Zrfmuktfs qud kfbtldbdb t`btf prfalûtlkfskfhf prdalûtlkfs
Felcfnruktfs`? trlcf, kdafee`s, a`b`b`s, hlde• Lbuelb`
• C`e`ktf-felcfs`kàrlmfs
• E`ktuefs`
• Felcfs`kàrlmfs md e` edkgd h`tdrb`
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E` hfmue`klûb butrlklfb`e md e` nefr` lbtdstlb`e sd pudmd rd`elz`r md mfs nfrh`s?
0ª Kfb de usf md efs prfalûtlkfs?
kuetlvfs md hlkrffrc`blshfs vlvfs `pelk`mfs f lbcdrlmfs kfb de nlb md quddodrz`b ub dndktf adbdnlklfsf. Hdofr`b e`s prfpldm`mds md e` alft`
lbmècdb`.1ª usf md prdalûtlkfs?
Glmr`tfs md k`rafbf bf `asfralaeds qud eedc`b `e lbtdstlbf y dstlhue`b dekrdklhldbtf md mdtdrhlb`m`s a`ktdrl`s.
Db cdbdr`e, e` h`yfr dvlmdbkl` keèblk` p`r` efs prfalûtlkfs dstàvlbkue`m` ` su usf db de hdofr`hldbtf md e` s`eum lbtdstlb`e y e`dstlhue`klûb md e` nubklûb lbhublt`rl` (prftdcd md dbndrhdm`mds
kfhf `sh`, `edrcl`s, dbtdrfp`tè`s lbne`h`tfrl` krûblk`).
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A`ktdrlfklb` ke`sd Hlkrffrc`blshf prfmuktfr
Blslb` L E`ktfkfkkus e`ktls suasp e`ktlsZdmlfklb` Z@-0 LL` Zdmlfkfkkus ̀ klmle`ktlkl y E`ktfa`kleeus pe`bt`ruh
SGD<1
Zdmlfklb` OM LL` Zdmlfkfkkus ̀ klmle`ktlkl OM0-1;
[`i`klb` @ LL` E`ktfa`kleeus s`id 3:>
[`i`klb` Z LL` E`ktfa`kleeus s`id E]G>3;
Kurv`klb` @ LL` E`ktfa`kleeus kurv`tus E]G003=
Hdsdbtdrlklb` \0:4 LL` Edukfbfstfk hdsdbtdrflmds
Ze`bt`rlklb` D/N LLa E`ktfa`kleeus pe`bt`ruh K00
E`ktfkfkklb` @ LLa E`ktfkfkkus e`ktls suasp krdhfrls
E`ktfkfkklb` A LLa E`ktfkfkkus e`ktls suasp krdhfrls <A=
E`kt`klb` N LLa E`ktfa`kleeus ofgbsfbll
Mlvdrclklb` LLk K`rbfa`ktdrluh mlvdrcdbs E^0;Gdevdtlklb` LLL E`ktfa`kleeus gdevdtlkus
A`ktdrlfklb`s y Hlkrffrc`blshfs prfmuktfrds
]r`mlklfb`ehdbtd sd kfbslmdr` ` e`s a`ktdrlfklb`s kfhf pìptlmfs alfeûclk`hdbtd `ktlvfs qudtldbdb prfpldm`mds a`ktdrlklm`s kfbtr` ftr`s dspdklds dstrdkg`hdbtd rde`klfb`m`s kfb e` kdp`prfmuktfr`, slb dha`rcf, rdkldbtdhdbtd dstd kfbkdptf sd g` hfmlnlk`mf y` qud sd g`bdbkfbtr`mf t`halìb `kklfbds a`ktdrlklm`s kfbtr` kdp`s mlst`bkl`m`s nlefcdbìtlk`hdbtd md e` kdp`prfmuktfr`.
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¶]u hlkrfalft` mdpdbmd md tu mldt`60: a`ktdrl`s / k`m` kìeue` md budstrf kudrpf y pfr ef t`btf de cdbfh` md budstr` alft` ds h`s cr`bmd qud budstrf prfplfcdbfh`. Zfmrè` rde`klfb`rsd ` e` nlslfefcè` y mds`rrfeef md dbndrhdm`mds66
Db dstumlfs rd`elz`mfs db r`tfbds, sd g` fasdrv`mf qud e` nefr` lbtdstlb`e tldbd ub
dndktf slcblnlk`tlvf sfard de mds`rrfeef mde kdrdarf y de kfhpfrt`hldbtf.Tb dstumlf h`s rdkldbtd mdhfstrû qud ub` a`ktdrl` huy us`m` db efs yfcurds prfalûtlkfs (e`ktfa`kleeus rg`hbfsus) rdmukè` e``bsldm`m y de dstrìs db r`tfbds qud rdklaldrfb supedhdbtfs `elhdbtlklfs rlkfs db dst` a`ktdrl`, cr`kl s̀ ` qud hfmue`a`be` dxprdslûb md efs rdkdptfrds md ub bdurftr`bshlsfr kfbfklmf kfhf C@A@
^feubt`rlfs s`bfs
gdkds
Kfhpfslklûb md e` alft` x `bàelsls cdbìtlkf
A`ktdrflmds Quhlbfkfkkus Zdrvftdee`
Kudstlfb`rlf md gàaltfs `elhdbtlklfs
K`rbd y cr`s`s Q-FG y cr`s`s pfellbs`t. KG
¶[d pudmd k`hal`r de dstdrftlpf6
0: vfeubt`rlfs k`hal`rfb mldt`s " rlk`s db KG y " rlk`s db cr`s`s elcdrf k`half
Bf sd tdrhlb` md dbtdbmdr e` kfhpfslklûb md e` hlkrfalft` lbtdstlb`e y kfhf lbneuyd db budstr` nlslfefcè`
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De hlkrfalfh` lbtdstlb`e pudmd kfbtrlaulr kfb ub `eh`kdb`hldbtf`bûh`ef md dbdrcè` y ` e` fadslm`m pfr hdk`blshfs mlvdrsfs, `sè kfhfkfb e` lbtdr`kklûb md efs hlkrfalfs lbtdstlb`eds kfb de slstdh` lbhublt`rlf lbb`tfmde gfspdmdrf pudmd lbneulr sfard efs prfkdsfs lbne`h`tfrlfs y hdt`aûelkfs qudsd rde`klfb`b kfb e` fadslm`m y tldbdb rdedv`bkl` p`r` e` s`eum guh`b`.
Tb dstumlf puaelk`mf db e` rdvlst` hìmlk` Bdw Dbce`bm Ofurb`e fn Hdmlklbd
sucldrd qud tr`spe`bt`r e`s gdkds md ub mfb`btd ` ub` pdrsfb` qud p`mdkdub` lbndkklûb rdkurrdbtd pfr Kefstrlmluh mlnnlkled pudmd rdsuet`r hàs dnlk`zqud tr`t`re` kfb `btlalûtlkfs.
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HLKQFALF]@ MDE ]Q@K]F TQFCDBL]@E
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TQD]Q@? kfefblz`m` pfra`klefs y kfkfs Cr`h ‛.
Do? D.kfel y Zrftdus hlr`alels
Db `hafs sdxfs?
E` vdolc` suded sdr dstìrle
^@CLB@
B`kdr? E`ktfa`kleeus
Lbn`bkl`? gdtdrfcìbd` pG `ek`elbf
Dst`nlefkfkfs, dstrdptfkfkfs,mlntdrflmds, D. kfel
Zuadrt`m? y huodrds `muet`s?
2 E`ktfa`kleeus, pG àklmf
Edv`mur`s.
Hdbfp`usl`? gdtdrfcìbdf
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Db mdtdrhlb`m`s sltu`klfbds pudmd k`us`r m`ðf `e gfspdmdrf!..
Ku`bmf efcr`b `kkdsf ` ub sltlf bf usu`e?dxtr`kklûb md ub mldbtd, klrucè` lbv`slv`.
De a`e`bkd dbtrd efs hldharfs md e` hlkrfalft`bfrh`e sd vd `ndkt`mf (`btlalûtlkfs)
K`half mde dst`mf lbhubd mde gfspdmdrf(dm`m, dbndrhdm`m, mrfc`s)
hutu`elshf
HLKQFALF]@BFQH@E
(fpfrtublst`s)
kfhdbs`elshf
Z@]FCÌBD[L[
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E` prdsdbkl` md dst`s a`ktdrl`s kfbtrlauyd ` e` nfrh`klûb md e`pe`k` mdbt`e, k`rlds!!
[. s`bculs, [. sfarlbus, [. hut`bs, [. hltls
t`halìb Clbclvltls y Dbndrhdm`m pdrlfmfbt`e?
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Clbclvltls? Lbne`h`klûb md efs tdolmfs md e` dbkè`
qud rfmd`b `e mldbtd ` k`us` md e`pe`k` a`ktdrl`sNfrh` h`s kfhÿb y edvd md e`dbndrhdm`m pdrlfmfbt`e.[l dst` bf sd kfbtrfe` kfb de p`sfmde tldhpf pudmd dvfeuklfb`r `pdrlfmfbtltls.
t`halìb!.. Clbclvltls y Dbndrhdm`m pdrlfmfbt`e?
(sd k`r`ktdrlz`b pfr lbne`h`klûb y mdcdbdr`klûb md dstruktur`s).
Zdrlfmfbtltls
E`s dbkè`s sd `edo`b md efs mldbtds ynfrh`b "afes`s" qud dstàb lbndkt`m`s.E`s tfxlb`s md e`s a`ktdrl`s y e`sdbzlh`s mde kudrpf qud eukg`b kfbtr` e`lbndkklûb dhpldz`b ` mdstrulr de gudsf yefs tdolmfs qud h`btldbdb ` efs mldbtds db
su euc`r. Ku`bmf bf sd tr`t`mdalm`hdbtd, efs gudsfs, e`s dbkè`s y efstdolmfs qud sfstldbdb efs mldbtds sdmdstruydb. Efs mldbtds nlb`ehdbtd `nefo`b.
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Zfdt`? S.G @umdb
Kfbstruy`b kfefbl`s? eds suhlblstr`rìE` sunlkldbtd k`elmdz y guhdm`mDe sdaf y efs eèplmfs qud bdkdslt`b,Kfb e` kfbmlklûb md qud bubk`
Hd hfedstdb kfb su prdsdbkl`,\ sd kfhpfrtdb kfhf audbfs guìspdmds[lb `eafrft`rsd p`r` fk`slfb`r `kbìF pld md `tedt`
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]LZF[ MD HTD[]Q@[
†
tlpf 0?Hudstr`s md p`kldbtds
qud sd fatldbdb mdsltlfs `b`tûhlkfsmfbmd dxlstdhlkrfalft` bfrh`e
Do? Afk`
†
tlpf 1?[d nfrh` db ub sltlf
dstìrle, pdrf p`r` surdkfedkklûb p`s`b `tr`vìs md ub sltlf mfbmd
dxlstd alft` bfrh`e.
Do? Frlb`
†
Hudstr` tlpf ;?
[d kfbslmdr`b elards mdhlkrfalft` bfrh`e yp`r` su fatdbklûb sdutlelz`b hìtfmfsdspdkl`eds.
Do? EKQ
L t l t e l l e g a
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Lbtdr`kklfbds dbtrd efs hlkrffrc`blshfs y de gfhard
hlkrfalft`
Z`tûcdbfs dstrlktfs? pfelf,edpr`, sènlels, dtk
H. Fpfrtublst`s
Hdk`blshfs md mdndbs` mde
guìspdm
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Z@]ÛCDBF? ]fm` ke`sd md frc`blshf f `cdbtd
p`r`slt`rlf kfb e` k`p`klm`m md prfmuklr dbndrhdm`m.Z`tgf? dbndrhdm`m y cdbb`b? prfmuklr
^LQTEDBKL@? Cr`mf md Z`tfcdblklm`m
0.
Bf. md frc`blshfs prdsdbtds db f sfard de guìspdm.1.
Dst`mf lbhubfeûclkf mde guìspdm.;.^lruedbkl` mde frc`blshf.
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Hdk`blshfs md p`tfcdblklm`m(N`ktfrds md vlruedbkl`)
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Guìspdm Hlkrffrc`blshfs
DBNDQHDM@M LBNDKKLF[@
HDK@BL[HF[MD MDNDB[@
N@K]FQD[ MD^LQTEDBKL@
(Zrfpldm`mds mde hf)
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¶Kûhf eedc` de hlkrffrc`blshf `e guìspdm6
! Mlrdktf? pfr kfbt`ktf mlrdktfmd guìspdm ` guìspdm.
! Lbmlrdkt`hdbtd?
@lrd, `cu`, tldrr`, `elhdbtfs.
" ^dktfrds? hfsqultfs, c`rr`p`t`s, puec`s
" Nûhltds
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N`sds f p`sfs p`r` de dst`aedklhldbtf md ub`dbndrhdm`m lbndkklfs`
#
Lbcrdsf
# @mgdrlrsd y kfefblz`r f lbv`mlr `e guìspdm
#
Huetlpelk`rsd mdbtrf mde guìspdm f db sus kìeue`s
# Dvlt`r efs hdk`blshfs md mdndbs` mde guìspdm
#
M`ðf? pfsddr e` k`p`klm`m hdkàblk`, quèhlk` f hfedkue`rp`r` edslfb`r `e guìspdm
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¶KFHF DB]Q@B E@[
A@K]DQL@[ @
BTD[]QF KTDQZF6
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ZTDQ]@[ MD DB]Q@M@
Hdhar`b`s hukfs`s md]r`ktf rdsplr`tfrlf]r`ktf c`strflbtdstlb`e]r`ktf cdbltfurlb`rlf
Kfboubtlv`
Zlde
vè` p`rdbtdr`e
Z`r` hlkrffrc`blshfs p`tûcdbfs
¶tfmfs efs hf qud dbtr`b k`us`b dbndrhdm`m6
¶tldbdb ub` pudrt` md dbtr`m` prdndrlm`6
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]`h`ðf mde lbûkuef
[glcdee` ? 1::
[`ehfbdee`? 0 hleeûb
^.kgfedr`d? 0:7
Bÿhdrf md hlkrffrc`blshfs qud dbtr`b
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Zfr hdmlf md `mgdslb`s f elc`bmfs(celkfprftdèb`s f elpfprftdèb`s) qud sd ubdb `rdkdptfrds md e` kìeue` guìspdm.
@MGDQDBKL@ f nlo`klûb
Efs rdkdptfrds md e` kìeue` guìspdmsfb e` h`yfrè` `zÿk`rds
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Efk`elz`klûb md e`s `mgdslb`s
CETKFK@ELW
ALFZDEÈKTE@[
ÀKLMF[ ]DLKFLKF[
NLHAQL@[ (ZLEL)
HFMF DB PTD EF[ Z@]ÛCDBF[ A@K]DQL@BF[ D^@MDB
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KÀZ[TE@
Qdslstd ` e` n`cfkltfsls
HFMF DB PTD EF[ Z@]ÛCDBF[ A@K]DQL@BF[ D^@MDBEF[ HDK@BL[HF[ MD MDNDB[@ MDE GTÌ[ZDM
KFHZFBDB]D[ md e` Z@QDMQdslstdbkl` ` e` n`cfkltfsls
Zrftdèb` H ? [.pyfcdbds
Zrftdèb` Fp` ? Bdlssdrl`s
Eèplmf kdrfsf ? Hlkfa`ktdrl`s
[trdptfkkus pbduhfbl`d
Iedasldee` pbduhfbl`d
G`dhfpgleus lbneudbz`d
@uhdbt`b e` vlruedbkl`
K lm m m l lû m t è ee mM@ÐF
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K`p`klm`m md lbv`slûb? prfmukdb prftdèb`s ee`h`m`slbv`slb`s
D .kfel dbtdrflbv`sfr`. Zrfmukd ml`rrd` pfr lbv`slûb ymdstrukklûb mde dpltdelf md e` hukfs` mde ledfb mlst`e y kfefb
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Efs kfàcuefs prftdcdb `e `cdbtd p`tûcdbf `lseàbmfef md e`smdndbs`s mde guìspdm
KF@CTE@[@? Kf`cue` de nlarlbûcdbf db pe`sh`
DB_LH@[
KFE@CDB@[@?
GL@ETQFMLB@[@?
mdstruyd e` kfeàcdb`
GDHFEL[LB@[? k`us` gdhûelsls adt`
PTDQ@]LB@[@? mlcldrd e` qudr`tlb` (gfbcfs)
Glmrfelz` de àklmf gl`eurûblkf
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Dbzlh`s
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Hfmf db qud efs p`tûcdbfs a`ktdrl`bfsm`ð`b ` e`s kìeue`s mde guìspdm?
]FWLB@[DWF]FWLB@[ DBMF]FWLB@[
Zrfmuklm`s pfr Cr`h (+) y (-) [fef sd dbkudbtr`b db Cr`h(-)
Zrftdèb`s Elpfpfels`kàrlmfs
@et`hdbtd tûxlk` Hfmdr`m`hdbtd tûxlk`
[uded ublrsd ` rdkdptfrds
dspdkènlkfs md e` kìeue`
Bf sd dbkudbtr`b rdkdptfrds
Zrfmukd sèbtfh`s dspdkènlkfs Zrfmukd sèbtfh`s cdbdr`eds?nldard, lbne`h`klûb, dtk
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Mdbfhlb`klûb md e`s dxftfxlb`s-md `kudrmf ` v`rl`s k`r`ktdrèstlk`s….
Bdurftfxlb`s? `ktÿ`b db [BK (tìt`bfs, c`bcrdb`)Dbtdrftfxlb`s? `ktÿ`b db lbtdstlbf (kûedr`, dst`nlefkfkf)Gdhftfxlb`s? els`b efs CQ
Kltftfxlb`s? m`ð`b `hpel` v`rldm`m md kìeue`s (tfxlb` mlntìrlk`)Edukftfxlb`s? `t`k`b edukfkltfsK`rmlftfxlb`s, gdp`tftfxlb`s….
[dcÿb de tlpf md kìeue`s!.
[dcÿb e` dbndrhdm`m kfb e` qud sd `sfkl`b!. ]fxlb` mlntìrlk`]fxlb` tdtàblk`
[dcÿb e` a`ktdrl` qud e` prfmukd!.. ]fxlb` aftueèblk`
Dbtdrftfxlb` md ^larlf kgfedr`d
Ì
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]Ì]@BF[ ]fxlb`s tdtàblk`s
]dt`bfelslb` y tdt`bfsp`shlb`
Kefstrlmluh tdt`bl
Hlfbdkrfsls (c`bcrdb` c`sdfs`)
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Zrlbklp`e n`ktfr md vlruedbkl`? e` nfsnfelp`s` K (ee`h`m` tfxlb` `en`)Lbmukd `crdc`klûb pe`qudt`rl`, ds edt`e, gdhfeètlk`, bdkrftlz`btd,hlftûxlk` y kltftûxlk`.
Kefstrlmluh pdrnrlbcdbs? tfxlb`s y dbzlh`s
Hlfbdkrfsls (c`bcrdb` c`sdfs`)
[dkrdt` v`rl`s prftdèb`s tûxlk`s (prftdlb`s`s, kfe`cdb`s`s, gdp`rlb`s`s,
dtk).
7/23/2019 Interacciones animales-microorganismos
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Dbmftfxlb`s? p`rdm Cr`h bdc`tlv`s
ELZLMF @ Hudrtd a`ktdrl`b`Nldard, sgfki
N@K]FQD[ MD Z@]FCDBLKLM@M F MD ^LQTEDBKL@
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N`ktfrds md `mgdrdbkl`? nlharl`s f plel, ceukfk`elx y àklmfs tdlkflkfs
N`ktfrds qud rdslstdb ` e` n`cfkltfsls? kàpsue`, kfhpfbdbtds md p`rdm
Zrfmukklûb md dbzlh`s? kf`cue`s`, gl`eurfmlb`s`, kfe`cdb`s`, dtk
Zrfmukklûb md tfxlb`s?
Dxftfxlb`s? Nfrh`m`s pfr prftdèb`s, (prfmuklm`s pfr Cr`h+ y ‛),dndktfs (sèbtfh`s dspdkènlkfs)
Bdurftfxlb`s, Dbtdrftfxlb`s, Gdhftfxlb`s, Kltftfxlb`s, dtk
Dbmftfxlb`s? nfrh`m`s pfr EZ[, prfmuklm`s pfr Cr`h (-), dndktfs(sèbtfh`s cdbdr`eds)
N@K]FQD[ MD Z@]FCDBLKLM@M F MD ^LQTEDBKL@