h$m`xo{df`h$ ozomj¥vrgmr>r hmamï´> amÁ` {hcm am ... law (1) final for...aënd`rz nËzrer...

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_wÐH$AmewVmof àog, E2/264, emh Am{U Zhma Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhV,Eg. Oo. _mJ©, cmoAa naoc, _w§~B©-13

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g§nyU© nwñVH$ g§M : 100 ê$n`o

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_hËdmMr gyMZm :_hmamï´> amÁ` _{hbm Am`moJmÀ`m dVrZo àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m `m nwpñVHo$V gd©gm_mÝ`m§Zm, {deofV… _{hbm§Zm H$m`ÚmMr _m{hVr gwb^ ^mfoV ìhmdr, `mgmR>r hm _OHy$a àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. hm _OHy$a åhUOo _yi H$m`ÚmMm eãXe… VOw©_m

Zìho. Hw$R>ë`mhr H$m`ÚmMm AW©, AÝd`mW© `mgmR>r _yi B§J«Or _gwXm d Ë`mMm AW©M J«mø Yabm OmB©b, `mMr dmMH$m§Zr d g§~§{YVm§Zr Zm|X ¿`mdr.

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1

H$m`Xo{df`H$ OZOmJ¥VrgmR>r H$m`Xo{df`H$ OZOmJ¥VrgmR>r _hmamï´> amÁ` _{hcm _hmamï´> amÁ` _{hcm

Am`moJmMr nwñVH$_m{cH$mAm`moJmMr nwñVH$_m{cH$m

5

{à` _¡{ÌUtZmo, gñZoh Z_ñH$ma,

_hmamï´> amÁ` _{hbm Am`moJmÀ`m dVrZo àH$m{eV '{dYr'{c{IV `m _m{bHo$Vrb hr n{hbr nwpñVH$m Amnë`m hmVmV XoVmZm _bm _Z…nyd©H$ AmZ§X hmoV Amho. Amnë`m XoemV _{hbm§À`m {hVmgmR>r AZoH$ H$m`Xo Ho$bo Jobo AmhoV. AJXr ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimnmgyZ H$mhr H$m`Xo ApñVËdmV AmhoV. H$mimZwê$n Ë`mV ~Xbhr hmoV Jobo AmhoV. Xoe ñdV§Ì Pmë`mZ§Va Amnë`mbm S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§gma»`m _hm_mZdmZo {b{hbobr AmXe© Aer amÁ`KQ>Zm CnbãY Pmbr. Amnë`m g§gXoZo `m KQ>ZoÀ`m _yi VÎdm§Mm AmYma KoV, _{hbm§À`m H$ë`mUmgmR>r AZoH$ Zdo H$m`Xohr Ho$bo. doimodoir Ë`mV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. `m gd© H$m`Úm§Mr _m{hVr _{hbm§Zm Agmdr, `mgmR>rM gwb^ _amR>rV Ë`m AmUÊ`mMm hm Am`moJmMm à`ËZ Amho.

Xoe ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z gÎma df} CbQy>Z Jobr Agbr Am{U AmnU AmO EH${dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m Xþgè`m XeH$mV Agbmo, Var _{hbm§darb AË`mMmam§_Üò, AÝ`m`m_Üò dmT>M hmoVmZm {XgVo Amho. AmB©À`m J^m©VM órMm ^«yU IwS>Ê`mnmgyZ `m AÝ`m`mbm gwédmV hmoVo. OÝ_mbm Amë`mnmgyZ Vo _¥Ë`yn`ªV ór doJdoJù`m Q>ßß`m§da AZoH$ AË`mMma ghZ H$arV AgVo. OdiÀ`m Amám§H$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m ~bmËH$mamgma»`m K¥UmñnX H¥$Ë`mnmgyZ Vo H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr hmoUmè`m b¢{JH$ N>imn`ªV {Vbm `m AÝ`m`mbm gVV Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo. Ag_mZVoMr dmJUyH$, hþ§S>çmgmR>r N>i, gmgar hmoUmar Kwg_Q>, g_mOmV dmdaVmZm ór åhUyZ gVV Agwa{jVVoMr OmUrd, g_mOmÀ`m `moZrew{MVoÀ`m AdmñVd H$ënZm Am{U Ë`mVyZ CØdUmao doJioM AË`mMma Aem AZoH$ àH$mam§Zr _{hbm§Mm AZpÝdV N>i hmoV AgVmo. H$mhr {R>H$mUr Va H$ënZonbrH$So> ^`§H$a Aem ñdê$nmMo ho AË`mMma hmoVmZm {XgVmV. EH$ O~m~Xma bmoH$emhr Xoe åhUyZ órbm g_mZVoMr, AmXamMr, gÝ_mZmMr dmJUyH$ XoUo ho Amnbo H$V©ì` Amho. `m H$V©ì`mV Hw$MamB© hmoV Agob, Va Amnë`m Ý`m`ì`dñWoH$So> XmX _mJÊ`mMr gmo` Amnë`mbm CnbãY Amho. Amnë`mgmR>r H$moUVo H$m`Xo AmhoV Am{U Ë`m§Mm H$m` Cn`moJ Amho ho AZoH$Xm _{hbm§ZmM _m{hVr ZgVo. `m nwpñVH$m§Ûmao {H$_mZ _m{hVrMr hr CUrd Xÿa hmoB©b, Aer Amem Amho.

eŠ`Vmo H$m`Úm§Mm Cn`moJ H$am`Mr doi Hw$Umda òD$ Zò, hr BÀN>m Amho. _mÌ, doi nS>brM Va _{hbm§Zr `mhr AmKmS>rda AmnU gj_ Am{U {Z^©` AmhmoV, ho XmIdyZ Úmdo, hmM `m nwpñVH$m§À`m àH$meZm_mJMm hoVy Amho. `m n{hë`m nwpñVHo$V "_{hcm{df`H$ H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ H$m`Xo' m§Mm n[aM` H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. Vmo Amnë`mbm Cn wº$ dmQ>ob, Aer Amem H$aVo.

{dO`m ahmQ>H$a, AÜ`jm, _hmamï´> amÁ` _{hbm Am`moJ, _w§~B©

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6

^m aVmV eVH$mZweVHo$ nwéfàYmZ qH$dm {nV¥gÎmmH$ nÕVrMm Adb§~ Pmbobm nmhm`bm {_iVmo. EHo$ H$mir XodrMo ñWmZ XoÊ`mV Amboë`m órÀ`m gm_m{OH$ XOm©Mr H$mbmZwê$n AYmoJVr hmoV Jobr. `mbm doJdoJio KQ>H$ O~m~Xma hmoVo.

AmOhr Ho$aigma»`m EImÚm amÁ`mMm Am{U B©emÝ` maVmVrb H$mhr amÁ`m§Mm AndmX gmoS>bm, Va maVmV gd©Ì nwéfàYmZ g§ñH¥$VrMm _moR>m à^md nmhm`bm {_iVmo. m_wio ór^«yUhËònmgyZ Vo hþ§S>m~irn`ªV Am{U b¢{JH$ AË`mMmamnmgyZ Vo ~mOmamVrb dñVyà_mUo {dH«$s H$aÊ`mn`ªV AZoH$ ^moJ ^maVr` órÀ`m dmQ>çmbm dfm©Zwdf} òV Jobo AmhoV. órMo ho X_Z gmd©{ÌH$ hmoVo. Ë`mV H$moUVmhr Y_©, OmV, ^mfm, d§e Agm ôX ZìhVm. Eadr àM§S> {d{dYVm Am{U \$aH$ Agboë`m `m XoemV órbm {_iUmè`m Xþæ`_ Am{U hrZ dmJUwH$s~m~V _mÌ 'amï´>r` EH$mË_Vm' hmoVr. _hmamï´>mnwaVo nm{hbo, Va ho {MÌ Joë`m XmoZ eVH$m§nydun ªV H$m`_ hmoVo. Amnë`m _hmamï´>mV gVamì`m eVH$mV, åhUOoM N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m H$mimV órMm AZoH$ dfmªZr gÝ_mZ Pmbm. _hmamOm§Zr órda AË`mMma H$aUmè`m ~S>çm Y|S>m§Mo hmV-nm` H$b_ Ho$bo. {ó`m§Mm AmXa H$aÊ`mMr N>ÌnVtMr {eH$dU hmoVr. _mÌ, _hmamOm§À`m Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV H$mimZwê$n nwÝhm EH$Xm órMm gm_m{OH$ XOm© Kgabm. "am§Ym, dmT>m Am{U Cï>r H$mT>m' EdT>oM {VMo H$m_ Cabo. `m H$mimVhr Ahë`mXodr hmoiH$a, PmerÀ`m _hmamUr bú_r~mB© Aem H$mhr H$V¥©ËddmZ {ó`m§Zr órÀ`m gm_Ï`m©Mo Xe©Z KS>{dbohr. _mÌ, gd©gm_mÝ` órMr AdñWm \$maer Mm§Jbr ZìhVr.

7

EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mV _hmamï´>mV gm_m{OH$ gwYmaUm§Mo dmao dmhÿ bmJbo. _hmË_m Omo{V~m \w$bo Am{U kmZÁ`moVr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Zr _hmamï´>r` órMm Iè`m AWm©Zo CÕma Ho$bm. nwÊ`mV 1848 _Ü`o órbm {ejUmMr H$dmSo> Iwbr H$ê$Z {Xbr. Ë`mZ§Va _hfu H$d}, Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a `m§Zrhr ór {ejUmMm nwañH$ma Ho$bm. AmO EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVrb ór ñdV§Ì Am{U ñd`§àk Amho, `mMo lo` _hmamï´>mVrb gm_m{OH$ gwYmaUm§À`m Midirbm XoÊ`mV `oVo.

ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV órÀ`m gwajogmR>r {d{dY H$m`Xo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `mVë`m AZoH$ H$m`Úm§Mr qH$dm VaVwXtMr nwîH$i _{hbm§Zm _m{hVr ZgVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo Am{W©H$, emar[aH$, _mZ{gH$ ZwH$gmZ hmoD$ eH$Vo. Vo Q>miÊ`mgmR>r {H$_mZ `m à_wI H$m`Úm§Mr _m{hVr Var Ë`m§Zm ìhm`bm hdr. Ë`mgmR>r `mVrb H$mhr à_wI H$m`Úm§Mr _m{hVr AmnU KoD$.

8

E H$m Am§Vaamï´>r` n m hU r Z w g m a , OJâmV Vã~b

47 Q>¸o$ _wbtMo {ddmh d`mÀ`m 18 dfmªÀ`m AmV hmoVmV. ^maVmV _wbrÀ`m {ddmhmMo d` 18 {Z{üV H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho, ho Amnë`mbm _m{hVr AmhoM. _mÌ, ^maVmV _m oR >çm à_mUmV ~mb{ddmh Ho$bo OmVmV. `m~m~V OJmV ^maVmMm 13 dm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. ^maVr` nwéfàYmZ g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U OwÝ`m éT>r-na§nam§Mm nJS>m `m_wio ^maVmV, {deofV… J«m_rU ^mJmV AmOhr _wbJr d`mV Ambr, H$s {VMo b¾ bmdyZ {Xbo OmVo. bhmZ d`mV b¾ Ho$ë`m_wio Ë`m _wbrÀ`m emar[aH$ d _mZ{gH$ Amamo½`mda {dnarV n[aUm_ hmoVmo. ^maVmV _moR>çm à_mUmda _wbtMo ~mb{ddmh Ho$bo OmV Agë`m_wio Vo amoIUo AdKS> Amho. Ë`mgmR>r 2006 _Üò ~mb{ddmh à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm H$aÊ`mV Ambm. hm H$m`Xm 2007 _Üò A_bmV Ambm. `m H$m`ÚmZwgma, _wbrMo d` 18 nyU© Am{U _wbmMo d` 21 nyU© Zgob, Va Vmo H$m`ÚmZo JwÝhm _mZbm Jobm Amho. Aem {ddmhmg ~mb{ddmh _mZbo OmVo Am{U Vmo ~oH$m`Xoera R>aVmo. _wbrMo d` 18 nyU© Am{U _wbmMo d` 21 nyU© ZgVmZm Ë`m§Mm {ddmh Ho$ë`mg Ë`m§Mo H$m`Xoera nmbH$ {ejobm nmÌ R>aVmV.

^maVmV ~mb{ddmh à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm EH$ Zmoìh|~a 2007 amoOr ApñVËdmV Ambm. ^maVr` gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mb`mZo Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2007 _Üò EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ {ZdmS>m {Xbm. Ë`mZwgma Aënd`rZ nËZrer earag§~§Y hm JwÝhm R>a{dÊ`mV Ambm. Vmon`ªV nwéfm§Zm b¾~§YZm_wio Aënd`rZ dYyerhr earag§~§Y R>odVm òUo hm JwÝhm ZìhVm.

~mc{ddmh à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm, 2006

9

H$m`ÚmMo ñdê$n

`m H$m`ÚmMo 21 {d^mJ AmhoV. Oå_y-H$mí_ra dJiVm Am{U H|$Ðem{gV àXoe nm±{S>MoarVrb \«|$M ZmJ[aH$Ëd Agbobo bmoH$ dJiVm Vmo gd©Ì bmJy Amho.

Xþgè`m {d^mJmV H$mhr ì`m»`m {Xë`m AmhoV. Ë`m Aem : ~mb - 21 df} nyU© Z Ho$bobm nwéf d 18 df} nyU© Z Ho$bobr ór. {ddmhoÀNy> Hw$Qw>§~ - b¾ Á`mMo qH$dm {OMo Amho, Ë`mMo qH$dm {VMo Aer XmoÝhr Hw$Qw>§~o. ~mb{ddmh - da d dYy `mn¡H$s Hw$Urhr ~mb Agob, Va Vmo ~mb{ddmh. Aënd`rZ - gkmZ H$m`ÚÝdò Omo gkmZ Zmhr, Aer Hw$R>brhr ì`º$s.

{ddmh{dÀN>oX (H$b_ 3) - àËòH$ ~mb{ddmh {ddmhoÀNy> Hw$Qw>§~m§À`m _OuZo aÔ H$aVm òVmo. gkmZ Pmë`mZ§Va XmoZ dfmªÀ`m AmV da qH$dm dYy {Oëhm Ý`m`mb`mV `m{MH$m XmIb H$ê$Z {ddmh{dÀN>oX H$ê$ eH$VmV. mg§~§YmV {Oëhm Ý`m`mYre g§~§{YV Hw$Qw>§~m§Zm {ddmhmMm IM©, n¡go, Xm{JZo, ôQ>dñVy d BVa {H$_Vr dñVy Xþgè`m Hw$Qw>§~mg naV XoÊ`mMm AmXoe XoD$ eH$VmV.

nmoQ>Jr d {Zdmg VaVyX - ~mb{ddmh aÔ H$aVmZm {Oëhm Ý`m`mYre dYy njmbm nmoQ>Jrê$nr ânmB© XoÊ`mMm AmXoe da njmbm XoD$ eH$VmV. ~mb{ddmhmVrb nwéfhr Aënd`rZ Agob, Va Ë`mÀ`m nmbH$m§Zm hr anmB© Úmdr bmJob. dYyMm Xþgam {ddmh hmoB©n`ªV {Vbm hr anmB© KoVm oVo. hr ânmB© EH$Xm qH$dm Xa_hm XoVm òVo. `mMgmo~V dYyÀ`m amhÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`m~m~VMm AmXoehr Ý`m`mb` XoD$ eH$Vo. dYyMr gm§n{ÎmH$ pñWVr ~KyZ Ý`m`mb` hm AmXoe XoD$ eH$Vo.

{ejoMr VaVyX

1. gkmZ nwéf : ~mb{ddmh H$aUmam nwéf 18 dfmªhÿZ A{YH$ d`mMm Agob, Va Ë`mbm XmoZ df} gº$_OwarMr {ejm hmoD$ eH$Vo. qH$dm EH$ bmI én`m§n`ªV X§S> qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoD$ eH$VmV.

2. b¾ bmdë`m~Ôb {ejm : ~mb{ddmh bmdUmam, R>adUmam, nma nmS>Umam, gyMZm XoUmam Aem Hw$R>ë`mhr nÕVrZo `m {ddmhmbm àmoËgmhZ XoUmam _mUyg {ejog nmÌ Amho. Aem ì`º$sbm XmoZ df} gº$_OwarMr qH$dm EH$ bmI énò X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoD$ eH$VmV.

3. ~mb{ddmhmg àmoËgmhZ, nadmZJr {Xë`m~Ôb {ejm : ~mb{ddmhmg nadmZJr XoUmao _mVm-{nVm, AÝ` nmbH$ qH$dm Aer EImXr g§ñWm, H$iV-ZH$iVnUo `m {ddmhmbm _mÝ`Vm XoUmao, `m {ddmhmg CnpñWV amhUmao Aem Hw$Umbmhr, Xmofr AmT>ië`mg XmoZ df} gº$_Owar qH$dm EH$ bmImn`ªV X§S> qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoD$ eH$VmV.

10

`m H$m`ÚmÀ`m Zmdmà_mUoM hm {deof H$m`Xm ImgH$ê$Z, Am§VaY_u`, Am§VaOmVr` {ddmhm§Zm bmJy hmoVmo. ^maVmV Hw$R>ë`mhr XmoZ gkmZ (åhUOoM _wbmÀ`m ~m~VrV 21 df} nyU© Am{U _wbrÀ`m ~m~VrV 18 df}

nyU©) ì`º$s¨Zm nañna g§_VrZo {ddmh H$aVm òVmo. AZoH$Xm XmoZ {^Þ Y_mªVrb ì`º$s qH$dm XmoZ {^Þ OmVt_Yrb, n§Wm§_Yrb, g_wXm`mVrb ì`º$s b¾ H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVmV. Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m {ddmhmMr Zm|XUr '{deof {ddmh H$m`Úm'A§VJ©V H$amdr bmJVo. maVmV hm H$m`Xm EH$ OmZodmar 1955 nmgyZ A_bmV Ambm.

hm H$m`Xm bmJy H$aVmZm VrZ C{Ôï>o R>odÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.A) H$mhr {deof ~m~t_Üò {deof b¾ åhUyZ nadmZJr XoUo,Am) H$mhr {deof {ddmhm§Mr Zm|XUr H$aUo eŠ` ìhmdo,B) KQ>ñ\$moQ> XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm AgUo.

nmÌVm

1. H$moUË`mhr Y_m©Mr ì`º$s.2. qhXÿ, _wpñb_, ~wÕ, O¡Z, erI, p¼üZ, nmaer, Á`y `mn¡H$s Hw$Urhr `m

H$m`ÚmÝdò {ddmh H$ê$ eH$Vmo. 3. Am§VaOmVr` {ddmhhr `m H$m`ÚmA§VJ©V hmoD$ eH$Vmo.

{deof {ddmh H$m`Xm, 1954

11

4. hm H$m`Xm g§nyU© maVmV (AndmX Oå_y-H$mí_ra) bmJy hmoVmo. XmoKohr maVr` ZmJ[aH$ AgVrb, Va naXoem§V amhUmè`m ^maVr`m§Zmhr hm H$m`Xm bmJy hmoVmo.

5. naXoemV amhUmam ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$.6. {Oëhm {ddmh Zm|XUr H$m`m©b`mV Vrg {Xdgm§Mr ZmoQ>rg XoD$Z ho b¾ Zm|XUrH¥$V

H$aVm òVo. XmoÝhrn¡H$s EH$ ~mOy {H$_mZ Vrg {Xdg Ë`m {R>H$mUMr a{hdmgr Agmdr.

7. Vrg {Xdgm§À`m Zmo{Q>erZ§Va {ddmh Zm|XUr H$m`m©b`mV b¾ H$aVm òVo.8. {ddmh Zm|XUr A{YH$mar d VrZ gmjrXmam§À`m CnpñWVrV XmoÝhr ~mOy§Zr '_r

Ë`mMm/{VMm H$m`Xoera nVr/nËZr åhUyZ ñdrH$ma H$arV Amho,' Ago åhUon ªV hm {ddmh XmoÝhr ~mOy§da ~§YZH$maH$ Zgob.

AQ>r

1. XmoÝhr ~mOy§n¡H$s Hw$UmMmhr AmYr {ddmh Pmbobm AgVm H$m_m Z o. XmoÝhr ~mOy§Mm hm àW_ {ddmh Agmdm.

2. damMo d` 21 df} nyU©, Va dYyMo d` 18 df} nyU© hdo.3. {ddmhmg _mÝ`Vm XoÊ`mBVnV _mZ{gH$Ñï²>`m gj_ Agbo nm{hOo.4. Ad¡Y ZmVog§~§Ym§V b¾ hmoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr.g§nÎmrMo dmag : `m H$m`ÚmÝdò b¾ Ho$boë`m ì`º$sÀ`m g§nÎmrMm dmagm h¸$ ^maVr`

dmagm h¸$ H$m`ÚmZo àñWm{nV hmoB©b. {ddmh Ho$boë`m XmoÝhr ~mOy qhXÿ, ~wÕ, erI qH$dm O¡Z AgVrb, VVa Ë`m§Zm qhXÿ dmagm H$m`Xm bmJy hmoB©b.

12

^m aVr` {ddmhg§ñWobm H$H©$amoJmgmaIr J«mgUmar EH$ dmB©Q> nÕV åhUOo hþ§S>m. b¾ H$ê$Z gmgar òUmè`m _wbrH$Sy>Z hþ§S>m KoÊ`mMr dmB©Q> àWm ^maVmV AZoH$ eVHo$ gwê$ Amho. hm hþ§S>m amoI n¡go, Xm{JZo, Odm{hao, ñWmda dm O§J_ _mb_Îmm,

newYZ Aem Hw$R>ë`mhr ñdê$nmV _m{JVbm OmVmo. R>abobm hþ§S>m Z {Xë`mg {ddm{hVoMm gmgar N>i Ho$bm OmVmo. {Vbm _mahmU Ho$br OmVo, newdV dmJ{dbo OmVo, àg§Jr {Vbm OmiyZ _maÊ`mV òVo. Aem `m H«y$a àWoMm Zm`ZmQ> ìhmdm åhUyZ ^maVmV 1961 _Üò hþ§S>m à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. órMo nwéfm§darb Adb§{~Ëd H$_r ìhmdo Am{U {Vbm ñdV§ÌnUo, _mZmZo OJVm mdo mgmR>r hm H$m`Xm H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. m H$m`ÚmÝd o _wbrH$So> Hw$R>ë`mhr ñdê$nmV hþ§S>m _mJUo hm JwÝhm R>aVmo.

hm H$m`Xm 20 _o 1961 amoOr maVmV ApñVËdmV Ambm. Oå_y-H$mí_ra amÁ` dJiVm Vmo gd© XoemV bmJy Amho.

hþ§S>m `m eãXmMr ì`m»`m

b¾ H$aVmZm XmoÝhr ~mOy§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr ~mOyZo Xþgè`m ~mOybm XoD$ Ho$bobo n¡go, g§nÎmr qH$dm AÝ` Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMr ñWmda d O§J_ _mb_Îmm.

A) EH$m ~mOyZo Xþgè`m ~mOyg XoD$ Ho$bobr, qH$dmAm) da d dYy m XmoÝhr ~mOy§n¡H$s EH$m ~mOyÀ`m nmbH$m§Zr Xþgè`m ~mOyg XoD$Z Ho$bobr

qH$dm Amœm{gV Ho$bobr, b¾ hmoÊ`mAmYr {Xbobr qH$dm b¾ Pmë`mda XoUma Agbobr Hw$R>brhr g§nÎmr, amoI n¡go, _mb_Îmm. (_wpñb_ e[a`m H$m`ÚmV òUmao '_ohoa' AndmX)

{ejoMr VaVyX - hþ§S>m àH$aUr Xmofr R>aë`mg nmM df} H$mamdmgmMr {ejm XoÊ`mMr VaVyX Amho. `m{edm` 15 hOma énò X§S> Am{U/qH$dm hþ§S>m åhUyZ {Xbobr a¸$_ `m§n¡H$s Or OmñV Agob Vr.

hþ§S>m à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm, 1961

13

{d dmhmà_mUoM {ddmh{dÀN>oXmbm maVr` KQ>ñ\$moQ> H$m`Xm _§Owar XoVmo. H$mhr H$maUmZo {ddm{hV Xm§nË`mbm b¾ g§nwï>mV AmUm`Mo Agob, Va Vo H$m`ÚmZo H$aVm òVo. nañna g§_VrZo KQ>ñ\$moQ>, {ddmh{dÀN>oX, Ý`m{`H$ {d^º$Vm, Am{U d¡dm{hH$

A{YH$mam§Mr nwZñWm©nZm AmXr Jmoï>r m H$m`ÚmÝdò H$aVm oVm V. maVmV AbrH$S>À`m H$mimV KQ>ñ\$moQ>m§Mo à_mU doJmZo dmT>V Amho. Ë`m_wio gaH$maZo KQ>ñ\$moQ>m§Mr àH$aUo _mJu bmdÊ`mgmR>r Hwµ$Qw>§~ Ý`m`mb`m§Mr (\°{_br H$moQ>©) ñWmnZm Ho$br AgyZ, VoWo Aem àH$aUm§Mr gwZmdUr KoD$Z {ZH$mb bmdÊ`mV òVmo.

KQ>ñ\$moQ>

KQ>ñ\$moQ> åhUOo {ddmh-{dKQ>Z qH$dm d¡dm{hH$ OrdZmMm d g§~§YmMm H$m`Xoera eodQ>. Ë`mZ§Va nVr d nËZr ho EH$_oH$m§g naHo$ hmoVmV, H$maU Ë`m§Mo ZmVo H$m`ÚmZo g§nwï>mV òVo.

Ý`m`mb`rZ {d^º$VogmR>r qH$dm KQ>ñ\$moQ> hþHy$_Zmå`mgmR>r nr{S>V nVrbm dm nËZrbm à{VdmXr{déÕ Imbrb ZD$ H$maUm§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$maUmñVd H$b_ 13 (1) À`m AZwgma Xmdm H$aVm òVmo :

(1) à{VdmXrZo {ddmhmZ§Va ñdoÀN>oZo ì`{^Mma Ho$bm Amho.(2) à{VdmXrZo dmXrg H«$m¡`m©Zo (H«y$EëQ>r) dmJ{dbo Amho.(3) à{VdmXrZo dmXrMm dmXrÀ`m g§_Vr{edm` gVV XmoZ df} Ë`mJ Ho$bm Amho.(4) à{VdmXr Y_mªVa Ho$ë`m_wio qhXÿ am{hbobm/am{hbobr Zmhr.(5) à{V{VdmXr ~am Z hmoÊ`mBVnV doS>m/doS>r Amho qH$dm à{VdmXrMo _mZ{gH$

Ag§VwbZ Aem àH$maMo Amho, H$s dmXrZo à{VdmXr~amo~a amhmdo Aer Anojm H$aUo `mo½` R>aUma Zmhr. _mZ{gH$ Ag§VwbZm_Üò {Za{Zamù`m àH$maÀ`m _mZ{gH$ AñdmñÏ`mMm A§V^m©d H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho.

(6) à{VdmXrg AgmÜ` ñdê$nmMm Hw$ð>amoJ Pmbm Amho.

^maVr` KQ>ñ\$moQ> H$m`Xm, 1869

14

(7) à{VdmXrg g§gJ©OÝ` JwáamoJ Pmbm Amho.(8) à{VdmXrZo g§Ý`mg KoD$Z OJmMm Ë`mJ Ho$bm Amho.(9) Xmì`mnydu gbJ 7 df} à{VdmXr h`mV Agë`mMm nwamdm qH$dm _m{hVr Á`m§Zm

Ë`mMm R>md{R>H$mUm _m{hVr Agm`bm nm{hOo, Aem g§~§{YVm§H$So> Zmhr.

H$b_ Z§. 13 (1 A) AÝdò nVr dm nËZr Imbrb H$maUm§H$[aVm EH$_oH$m§{déÕ Xmdm bmdy eH$VmV :

(1) Ý`m`mb`rZ {d^º$VoMm hþHy$_Zm_m Pmë`mnmgyZ EH$ dfm©n ªV n{VnËZr d¡dm{hH$ OrdZmgmR>r EH${ÌV am{hbobo ZmhrV.

(2) Xm§nË`m{YH$mamMo nwZ…ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMm hþHy$_Zm_m Pmë`mnmgyZ EH$ dfm©n`ªV nVr-nËZr Aem nwZ…ñWmnZogmR>r EH${ÌV am{hbobo ZmhrV.

H$b_ Z§. 13 (2) AÝdò \$º$ nËZr Ý`m`mb`rZ {d^º$VogmR>r qH$dm KQ>ñ\$moQ>mgmR>r Imbrbn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$maUmñVd n{V{déÕ Xmdm bmdy eH$Vo :

(1) Cnamoº$ A{Y{Z`_ A§_bmV òÊ`mnyduM EImÚm nwéfmZo XmoZ dm A{YH$ {ddmh Ho$bobo AgVrb d XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ nËZr EH$g_`r h`mV AgVrb, Va Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUVrhr nËZr nVr{déÕ KQ>ñ\$moQ> _mJy eH$Vo.

(2) {ddmhmZ§Va nVr O~ar g§^moJ, g_qbJr g§^moJ qH$dm newg§^moJ `m~Ôb Xmofr

15

R>abm Amho.(3) nËZrZo nmoQ>JrMr hþHy$_Zm_m {_i{dë`mZ§Va EH$ dfm©n ªV n{VnËZr {d^º$ amhV

AmhoV.(4) nËZrMm {ddmh {VMo n§Yam dfmªMo d` nwao hmoÊ`mnydu Pmbobm Amho d 18 dfmªMo

d` nwao hmoÊ`mAJmoXa {VZo Ë`m {ddmhmMm àË`mXoe qH$dm {Y¸$ma Ho$bobm Amho, åhUOo Vmo {ddmh {PS>H$mabm Amho.

darb EHy$U gd©M H$maUmn¡H$s Y_mªVa, g§Ý`mg, gmV df} h`mV Agë`mMr _m{hVr CnbãY Z hmoUo, hr VrZ H$maUo dJiVm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$maUmgmR>r dmXrZo KQ>ñ\$moQ>mMm Xmdm bmdbobm Agë`mg EH§$Xa napñWVrMm gmH$ë`mZo {dMma H$ê$Z KQ>ñ\$moQ>mEodOr Ý`m`mb` \$º$ Ý`m`mb`rZ {d^º$VoMm hþHy$_Zm_m XoD$ eH$Vo. H$b_ Z§. 23 (2) À`m VaVwXrZwgma `m A{Y{Z`_mÝdò H$moUË`mhr ñdê$nmMm hþHy$_Zm_m XoÊ`mAJmoXa C^`njm§_Üò g_PmoVm d _Zmo{_bZ KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm H$gmoerZo à`ËZ H$aUo, ho Ý`m`mb`mMo An[ahm`© H$V©ì` R>aVo. VgoM àËòH$ d¡dm{hH$ Xmdm OmhranUo Am_ OZVog_moa Z Mmb{dVm ~§{XñV Ý`m`Mm¡H$er (Q´>m`b BZ H°_oam) nÕVrZo Mmb{dÊ`mV òVmo. H$mhr AndmXmË_H$ n[apñWVr dJiVm {ddmhmbm EH$ df© nwao hmoB©n`ªV nVrbm dm nËZrbm Ý`m`mb`rZ {d^º$VogmR>r qH$dm KQ>ñ\$moQ>mgmR>r AO© H$aVm òV Zmhr. darb VaVwXr nmhVm Ago {XgVo, H$s ^maVmVrb bmoH$g§»òn¡H$s gw_mao 80 $G 85 Q>¸o$ bmoH$m§Zm bmJy hmoUmè`m 1955 À`m A{Y{Z`_mMm H$b àm_w»`mZo {ddmh~§YZ {e{Wb H$aÊ`mH$So> qH$dm VmoS>Ê`mH$So> ZgyZ Vo OVZ H$aÊ`mH$So> Amho. `m{edm` `m A{Y{Z`_m_YAò nmoQ>Jr d {Zdm©h, AkmZ _wbm§Mm Vm~m, C^`Vm§À`m g§`wº$ _mbH$sÀ`m _mb_ÎmoMr {d^mJUr AmXr ~m~tg§~§Yr VaVyX H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.

Cnamoº$ A{Y{Z`_m_Üò 1976 _Üò XþéñVr hmoD$Z EH$ A{Ve` _hÎdmMr Aer, dYydam§À`m nañnag§_VrZo KQ>ñ\$moQ> KoÊ`mMr gmo` H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. H$b_ Z§. (13 ~) `m Zd{Z{_©V VaVwXr_wio nVr d nËZr `m§Zm EH$_oH$m{déÕ H$moUVohr Amamon Z H$aVm g§`wº$nUo Ý`m`mb`mH$So> KQ>ñ\$moQ>mgmR>r AO© H$aVm oVmo. gXahÿ AOm©_Üò "Amåhr EH$Ì amhÿ eH$V Zmhr d Am_À`m {ddmhmMo {dKQ>Z ìhmdo Ago XmoKm§Zrhr R>a{dbo Amho,' Ago à{VnmXZ H$amdo bmJVo. AO© H$aÊ`mnydu {H$_mZ EH$ df© nVr-nËZr EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ {d^º$ amhV Agbo nm{hOoV. AO© Ho$ë`mZ§Va ghm _{hÝ`m§À`m AmYr Zmhr d 18 _{hÝ`m§À`m Z§Va Zmhr Aem AdYr_Üò nVr-nËZtZr Amnbm AO© {dMmamV ¿`mdm, Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$ë`mda Ý`m`mb` EH§$Xa n[apñWVrMm gmamgma {dMma H$ê$Z d C^` njm§Zr Ho$boë`m à{VnmXZmMr gË`mgË`Vm nS>VmiyZ KoD$Z KQ>ñ\$moQ>mMm hþHy$_Zm_m XoD$ eH$Vo.

16

ór H$_©Mmè`mbm àgyVrÀ`m H$mimV aOm Am{U BVa bm^ {_iÊ`mgmR>r ^maVmV `m H$m`ÚmMr VaVyX H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. EImÚm _{hboZo EImÚm AmñWmnZoV, g§ñWoV, H§$nZrV àgyVrÀ`m g§^mì` VmaIoÀ`m

AbrH$So> 12 _{hÝ`m§V {H$_mZ 80 {Xdg H$m_ Ho$bo Agob, Va Vr àgyVr bm^ H$m`ÚmVrb bm^ KoÊ`mg nmÌ R>aVo. Ë`mV àgyVr aOm, Z{gªJgmR>r bmJUmè`m gwQ²>Q>çm, d¡ÚH$s` ^Îmm AmXr {_iÊ`mg Vr nmÌ R>aVo.

`m H$m`ÚmV H$mimZwê$n XþéñVr H$ê$Z àgyVr bm^ (XþéñVr) H$m`Xm 2017 _Üò g§_V H$aÊ`mV Ambm AgyZ, Vmo EH$ E{àb 2017 nmgyZ bmJy Pmbm Amho.

_hÎdmÀ`m XþéñË`m d ~Xb

1. nmÌ _{hbm H$_©Mmè`mg 12 AmR>dS>çm§EodOr AmVm 26 AmR>dSo> doVZmgh aOm _§Oya hmoD$ eH$Vo. `mV AmR> AmR>dSo> àgyVrnyd© Am{U 18 AmR>dSo> àgyVrZ§Va aOm {_iy eH$Vo. XmoZ _wbm§Z§Va hmoUmè`m AnË`mgmR>r hr aOm Ho$di 12 AmR>dSo> (ghm AmR>dSo> AmYr d ghm AmR>dSo> Z§Va) EdT>rM Amho.

2. XÎmH$ _mVobmhr {_iy eH$Vo aOm. XÎmH$ KoVë`mÀ`m VmaIoZ§Va 12 AmR>dS>çm§gmR>r aOm KoVm òVo.

3. Kê$Z H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr gdbV. gìdrg AmR>dS>çm§Mr aOm g§në`mZ§Va _{hbm H$_©Mmar Kê$Z H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr gdbVhr KoD$ eH$Vo. H§$nZr Am{U H$_©Mmar `m§À`mVrb nañna gm_§Oñ`mda hr gdbV Agob.

4. nÞmg qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ H$_©Mmar Agboë`m {R>H$mUr nmiUmKa gmo` Amdí`H$. _{hbm H$_©Mmè`mg H$m_mÀ`m doioV Mma doim VoWo ôQ> XoÊ`mMr nadmZJr Agob.

àgyVr bm^ H$m`Xm, 1961

17

~XbV Jobobm H$m`Xm

1994 - H$ama VÎdmdarb/H§$ÌmQ>r _{hbm àgyVr aOm _§Oya.1995 - emgH$s` _{hbm H$_©Mmar XÎmH$ _wbmÀ`m g§JmonZmgmR>r 90 {Xdgm§Mr aOm _§Oya2009 - amÁ` emgH$s` _{hbm§Zm 180 {Xdgm§Mr aOm _§Oya2016 - OÝ_mnydu AnË` XJmdë`mg ({_gH°aoO) Ë`m _{hbobm ghm AmR>dS>çm§Mr aOm. _°Q>{Z©Q>r H$m`Xm bmJy hmoUmè`m àË`oH$ H$maImZo/H§$nÝ`m/g§ñWm `m§Zm hm H$m`Xm

bmJy. àgyVrÀ`m aOo~m~V _{hbm H$_©Mmè`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m éOy hmoÊ`mÀ`m {Xder `m~m~V

boIr AWdm B©- _obÛmao _m{hVr XoUo g§~§{YV H§$nZrbm ~§YZH$maH$ gìdrg AmR>dS>çm§À`m aOoMm nJma g§~§{YV _{hbobm XoUo ~§YZH$maH$. `m{edm` gìdrg AmR>dS>çm§Mr aOm g§në`mda XoIrb g§~§{YV _{hbobm A{V[aº$

aOm _mJÊ`mMm A{YH$ma. na§Vw Ë`m~m~VMm {ZU©` KoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma H§$nZr ì`dñWmnZmH$So> Agob.

àgyVr aOm hr àgyVrÀ`m Ano{jV VmaIoÀ`m AmR> AmR>dSo> AmYrnmgyZ KoUo Ano{jV.

18

hm H$m`Xm àW_ 1972 _Üò ^maVmV A_bmV Ambm. Ë`mV 1975 d

2002 _Üò XþéñË`m H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. ~oH$m`XoeranUo hmoUmao J^©nmV amoIUo Am{U gmo~V hmoUmao _mVm_¥Ë`y d ~mb_¥Ë`y amoIUo hm `m H$m`ÚmMm hoVy Amho. Hw$R>ë`m n[apñWVrV Agm J^©nmV H$aVm òB©b, `mMr _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo `m H$m`ÚmV Z_yX Ho$br AmhoV. Agm J^©nmV H$aÊ`mV H$moUVr _{hbm nmÌ Agob `mMrhr _mJ©Xe©H$ gyMr `m H$m`ÚmV XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho.

nmœ©^y_r

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`Xm 1971 _Üò bmJy H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`mV gZ 2002 _Üò gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Xoem_Üò gwa{jV d H$m`Xoera J^©nmV godm nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r AmamIS>m ~Z{dÊ`mV Ambm.

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`ÚmMr R>iH$ d¡{eï²>ò

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`ÚmH$[aVm J^m©dñWm _`m©Xm ^maVm_Üò H$m`Xoera J^©nmVmg 20 AmR>dS>çm§n`ªV _mÝ`Vm

d¡ÚH$s` J ©nmV H$m`Xm, 1971

19

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`Xm

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`X`mZwgma S>m°ŠQ>am§À`m g„²`mZwgma Imbrb H$maUm§_wio d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV (_o{S>H$b Q>{_©ZoeZ Am°\$ ào¾Ýgr - E_Q>rnr) H$aVm òVmo.

J^©dVr _mVoÀ`m Ordmbm YmoH$m Agë`mg qH$dm J^©dVr _mVobm _mZ{gH$ qH$dm emar[aH$ Amamo½`mg J§^ra BOm, XþImnV hmoV Agë`mg.

ZdOmV ~mbH$mg OÝ_mZ§Va _mZ{gH$ qH$dm emar[aH$ ì`§J Agë`mg Ë`m_wio ~mbH$mg An§JËd òUma Agob Va.

_{hbobm/Hw$_marHo$bm ~bmËH$mam_wio J^©YmaUm Pmbr Agob, Va J^©nmV H$aVm òVmo (_{hboÀ`m _mZ{gH$ Amamo½`mbm O~a Y¸$m ~gë`mMo J¥hrV Yê$Z)

{ddm{hV _{hboH$Sy>Z qH$dm {VÀ`m nVrH$Sy>Z J ©{ZamoYH$ gm{hË`mÀ`m/Am¡fYmÀ`m {ZpîH«$`Vo_wio J^©YmaUm Pmë`mg.

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`ÚmZwgma 20 AmR>dS>çm§n`ªV óramoJ d àgyVrVÁk J^©nmV H$ê$ eH$VmV. B§{S>`Z _o{S>H$b H$m¡pÝgb H$m`Xm, 1956 `mV gm§{JVë`mà_mUo, Zm|XUrH¥$V d¡ÚH$s` ì`mdgm{`H$, Á`m§À`mH$So> _mÝ`Vmàmá g§ñWoMr d¡ÚH$s` nXdr (Ah©Vm) YmaU Ho$bobr Agmdr. Á`m§Mo Zmd ñQ>oQ> _o{S>H$b a{OñQ>a_Üò g_m{dï> Amho Am{U Á`m§Zm óramoJ `m {df`mV H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm AZw^d Amho qH$dm à{ejU nyU© Ho$bo Amho, Ago à{e{jV S>m°ŠQ>a J^©nmV H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmÌ g_Obo OmVmV.

óramoJ Am{U àgy{Vemó `m {df`mV H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm ghm _{hÝ`m§Mm AZw^d.gd© gw{dYm Agboë`m emgH$s` XdmImÝ`mV EH$ df© H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm AZw^d.E_~r~rEg S>m°ŠQ>a 12 AmR>dS>çm§n`ªV J^©nmV H$ê$ eH$VmV. B§{S>`Z _o{S>H$b

H$m¡pÝgb H$m`Xm 1956 `m H$m`ÚmV gm§{JVë`mà_mUo Agm Zm|XUrH¥$V d¡ÚH$s` ì`mdgm{`H$, Á`m§À`mH$So> _mÝ`Vmàmá g§ñWoMr d¡ÚH$s` nXdr (Ah©Vm) YmaU Ho$bobr Agmdr d Á`m§Mo Zmd

20

ñQ>oQ> _o{S>H$b a{OñQ>a_Üò g_m{dï> Amho Am{U H|$Ð gaH$maÀ`mÀ`m AQ>tZwgma èñdrarË`m à{ejU nyU© Ho$bobo Agmdo.

(E_Q>rnr H$m`ÚmZwgma EEZE_Eg, ñQ>m\$ Zg©, à{e{jV XmB© qH$dm BVa Aà{e{jV ì`º$s¨Zm J^©nmV H$aÊ`mV nadmZJr Zmhr. Ago Agbo Var Vo g_wnXoeZ, àgy{Vnyd© J^©nmVmMr H$miOr KoUo Am{U VXZwgma J^©nmV H$aÊ`mg g§X^© godm XoÊ`mMo H$m_ H$é eH$VmV.)

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`Xm 1971 A§VJ©V emgZ _mÝ`Vmàmá Agboë`m J^©nmV H|$ÐmVM J^©nmV H$aVm òVmo. J^©nmVmÀ`m gw{dYm Agboë`m emgH$s` XdmImÝ`m_Üò J^©nmV H$aVm òVmo, Ë`mgmR>r doJir nadmZJr KoÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr.

qH$dm E_Q>rnr g|Q>aÀ`m OmJogmR>r (Z{gªJ hmo_/ImgJr XdmImZm/AemgH$s` g§ñWm) `m§Zm {OëhmñVar` g{_Vr / {Oëhm eë` {M{H$ËgH$m§Mr _mÝ`Vm, nadmZJr ¿`mdr bmJVo.

H$m`ÚmMo C„§KZ Ho$ë`mg {ejoMr VaVyX

d¡ÚH$s` J^©nmV H$m`Xm H$aUmar H$moUVrhr ì`º$s, Á`mMr Zm|XUr d¡ÚH$s` ì`mdgm{`H$ åhUyZ Zmhr Ë`mg H$_rV H$_r XmoZ df} Am{U OmñVrV OmñV gmV dfmªn`ªV gº$_Owarg hmoD$ eH$Vo. J^©nmV H$aUmar H$moUVrhr ì`º$s {OÀ`m OmJog _mÝ`Vm Zmhr, Aem ì`º$sbm H$_rV H$_r XmoZ df} Am{U OmñV gmV dfm©n`ªV gº$_Owar hmoD$ eH$Vo.

_mÝ`Vm Zgboë`m OmJoMm _mbH$, OoWo J^©nmV Ho$bm OmVmo, Aem ì`º$sg H$_rV H$_r XmoZ df} Am{U OmñV gmV dfmªn`ªV gº$_Owar hmoD$ eH$Vo. (_{hboMm Ord dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r Zm|XUrH¥$V d¡ÚH$s` ì`mdgm{`H$mH$Sy>Z J^©nmV Ho$bm Agob d OmJoMr _mÝ`Vm Zgob, Zm|XUrH¥$V d¡ÚH$s` ì`mdgm{`H$mH$So> Amdí`H$ Agbobr J^©nmV H$aÊ`mH$[aVm H$m`Xoera nyV©Vm Ho$br Zgob Va Aer ì`º$s {ejog nmÌ R>aV Zmhr.)

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^m aVmV AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV ZmoH$ar, ì`dgm` H$aUmè`m _{hbm§Mr g§»`m _moR>çm à_mUmV dmT>V Amho. `m pñWVrV H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr _{hbm§da nwéfm§H$Sy>Z hmoUmao b¢{JH$ AË`mMma, emofU qH$dm {dZ`^§J Ago àH$mahr dmT>rbm bmJbo

AmhoV. Ë`mbm Amim KmbÊ`mgmR>r 2013 _Üò H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr b¢{JH$ emofU à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm H$aÊ`mV Ambm. maVmV AOyZhr AZoH$ H§$nÝ`m, g§ñWm, AmñWmnZm§_Üò m H$m`ÚmMr A§_b~OmdUr Ho$br OmV Zmhr, Ago {MÌ Amho. _{hbm§er Aûcrb g§ mfU H$aUo, Iyn emar[aH$ bJQ> H$aUo, gyMH$ b¢{JH$ hmd^md H$aUo, ñne© H$aUo, gyMH$ ~mobUo, Aûcrb N>m`m{MÌ nmR>dUo, XmIdUo AmXr Jmoï>rhr `m H$m`ÚmÛmao JwÝhm _mZÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV.

`m H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXr Vnerbdma nmhÿ.

H$m`ÚmMo Zmd :

H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr hmoUmè`m _{hbm§À`m b¢{JH$ N>im{déÕ (à{V~§Y, ~§Xr Am{U {ZdmaU) H$m`Xm, 2013

H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr _{hbm§À`m hmoUmè`m b¢{JH$ N>im{déÕ Ë`m§Zm g§ajU XoÊ`mgmR>r, Aem N>imMm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{U b¢{JH$ N>im{déÕÀ`m qH$dm Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§{YV qH$dm Ë`m AZwf§JmZo Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m VH«$matMo {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>rMm hm H$m`Xm Amho. _{hbm§Mm b¢{JH$ N>i hm Ë`m§Zm amÁ` KQ>ZoÀ`m H$b_ 14 d 15 Zwgma {_imbobm g_mZVoMm A{YH$ma d H$b_ 21 Zwgma {_imbobm gÝ_mZmZo OJÊ`mMm A{YH$ma, VgoM Ë`m§À`m ñdV…À`m _OuZwgma H$m_ dm ì`dgm` H$aÊ`mMm d Ë`mgmR>r b¢{JH$ N>imnmgyZ _wº$ dmVmdaU {_idÊ`mMm A{YH$ma m _yb yV A{YH$mam§Mm ^§J Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo b¢{JH$ N>imnmgyZ g§ajU {_idÊ`mÀ`m Am{U gÝ_mZmZo H$m_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m _{hbm§À`m A{YH$mam~m~VÀ`m; VgoM _{hbm§~m~V hmoUmè`m gd© àH$maÀ`m ôX^mdm§{déÕÀ`m, Am§Vaamï´>r` gZXoÛmam _mÝ` Agboë`m _mZdr h¸$m§Mo C„§KZ Amho. hr gZX

H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr hmoUmao b¢{JH$ emofU à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm, 2013

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^maVmZo _mÝ` Ho$br Amho. Ë`m_wio H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr hmoUmè`m b¢{JH$ N>im{déÕ _{hbm§Mo g§ajU H$aUmar Cnm``moOZm AmIUo H|$Ð gaH$mada ~§YZH$maH$ ~ZVo.

H$m`ÚmVrb à_wI _wÔo

1. "_{hbm§Mm H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr hmoUmam b¢{JH$ N>i (à{V~§Y, ~§Xr Am{U {ZdmaU) H$m`Xm, 2013' ZmdmMm hm H$m`Xm g§n yU© ^maVmV H|$Ð gaH$ maZ o à{gÕ H o $b oë`m VmaIonmgyZ bmJy hmoB©b.

2. H$mhr ì`m»`m :~m{YV _{hbm : H$m_

mÀ`m {R>H$mUÀ`m g§nH$m©Vrb H$moUË`mhr d`mMr, Ë`m {R>H$mUr H$m_mg Agbobr qH$dm Zgbobr, qH$dm EImÚm amhË`m KamV dm dmñVyV H$m_mbm Agbobr, H$moUË`mhr àH$maÀ`m b¢{JH$ N>imnmgyZ ~m{YV _{hbm. gj_ emgZ : H|$Ð gaH$ma, H|$Ðem{gV àXoe `m§À`m _mbH$sMo dm {Z`§ÌUmV Agbobo qH$dm Ë`m§Mm WoQ> qH$dm AÝ` _mÜ`_mVyZ {ZYr {_iV Agë`mg H|$Ð gaH$ma; amÁ` gaH$maÀ`m _mbH$sMo dm {Z`§ÌUmV Agbobo qH$dm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {ZYr {_iV Agë`mg amÁ` gaH$ma; Agm {ZYr {_iV Zgë`mg Á`m amÁ`mV ho H$m_mMo {R>H$mU Amho Vo amÁ` gaH$ma.

Ka H$m_Jma : KaH$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r amoI qH$dm dñVy ê$nmV _mo~Xbm XoD$Z WoQ> qH$dm EImÚm g§ñWo_m\©$V VmËnwaË`m dm H$m`_ñdê$nr, AY©doi AWdm nyU© doimgmR>r Zo_bobr; na§Vw Ë`m Ka_mbH$mÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mMr gXñ` Zgbobr _{hbm. H$_©Mmar : EImÚm H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr {Z`{_V, VmËnwaVr, Z¡{_{ÎmH$ qH$dm amoO§XmarZo, WoQ> AWdm R>oHo$Xmamg{hV EImÚm _mÜ`_m_m\©$V _w»` _mbH$mbm _m{hVr AgVmZm qH$dm ZgVmZm, nJmar AWdm {~ZnJmar qH$dm ñd`§godr nÕVrZo, H$m_mMo {Z`_ ñnï> AgVmZm qH$dm Añnï>, ghm`H$ H$_©Mmar, H§$ÌmQ>r H$m_Jma, H$ƒr dm {eH$mD$ AWdm H$moUË`mhr AÝ` ZmdmZo {Z`wº$ Ho$br Jobobr _{hbm.

_mbH$ AWdm {Z`moº$m (Eåßbm°`a) : H$moUË`mhr ImVo, g§ñWm, {Z`§ÌUmVrb CÚmoJ, H$m`m©b`, emIm AWdm w{ZQ> m§À`mer g§~{YV H$moUVohr gj_ gaH$ma qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ àemgZ, da C„oI Z Ho$boë`m H$moUË`mhr H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr ì`dñWmnZ, {ZarjU qH$dm {Z §ÌU H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Agbobr H$moUVrhr ì`º$s, _§S>i AWdm H${_Q>r Or Ë`m g§ñWog§~§Yr YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU© KoÊ`mg d A§_bmV AmUÊ`mg O~m~Xma Agob. qH$dm Vr O~m~Xmar Ë`mbm R>oŠ`mZo {_imbr

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Agob. amhË`m KamÀ`m ~m~VrV Or ì`º$s Ka H$m_Jmambm H$m_mbm bmdV Agob qH$dm {VÀ`m H$m_mMm bm^ KoV Agob, _J Ka H$m_Jma {H$Vrhr g§»òV AgmoV, {H$Vrhr doimgmR>r {Z`wº$ Ho$bobo AgmoV qH$dm Ë`m§À`m {Z`wº$sMo dm H$m_mMo ñdê$n H$moUVohr Agmo.

b¢{JH$ N>i : nwT>o Z_yX Ho$bobr WoQ> AWdm J{^©VmW© H¥$Vr qH$dm dmJUyH$ : emar[aH$ g§nH©$ qH$dm Ë`m~m~V nwT>mH$ma; b¢{JH$ ñdê$nmMr _mJUr qH$dm {dZ§Vr; b¢{JH$ AWm©À`m {Q>ßnUr; Aûcrb {MÌ qH$dm VËg_ Jmoï>r XmIdUo; AÝ` H$moUVrhr ZH$mo AgVmZm Ho$bobr emar[aH$, Vm|S>r qH$dm eãXmV ì`º$ Z Ho$bobr b¢{JH$ ñdê$nmMr H¥$Vr.

H$m_mMo {R>H$mU :

A) gj_ gaH$ma, ñWm{ZH$ àemgZ, gmd©O{ZH$ H§$nZr, _hm_§S>i qH$dm ghH$mar g§ñWm g§M{bV H$moUVohr ImVo, g§ñWm, CÚmoJ, H$m`m©b`, emIm qH$dm `w{ZQ>.

Am) ImgJr joÌmVrb g§ñWm qH$dm H§$nZrZo Mmb{dbobr g§ñWm, CÚmoJ, gmogm`Q>r, {dœñV g§ñWm, ñd`§godr g§ñWm; ì`mnmar, ì`mdgm{`H$, H$m¡eë` à{ejU, {ejU, _Zmoa§OZ, CÚmoJ, Amamo½`, {dÎm AmXr joÌmV {Z_m©U, nwadR>m, {dH«$s, {dVaU qH$dm AÝ` godm XoUmar g§ñWm.

B) é½Umbò qH$dm ewlwfmJ¥h. B©) Ioim§er g§~§{YV g§ñWm, ñQ>o{S>`_, dmñVy, ñnYm© qH$dm {R>H$mU {Zdmgr Agmo dm

à{ejU, Ioi qH$dm VËg_ H$m_mgmR>r dmnamV Zgbobo Agmo. C) H$_©Mmar H$m_mg§X^m©V ôQ> XoV Agbobr {R>H$mUo qH$dm Eåßbm°àZo nwadbobr

dmhVwH$sMr gmYZo. D$) Eåßbm°àMo {ZdmgmMo {R>H$mU AWdm Ka. Ag§K{Q>V joÌ : Ago H$m_mMo {R>H$mU, Á`mMr _mbH$s dñVy§Mo CËnmXZ dm {dH«$s H$aUmè`m

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qH$dm H$moUË`mhr àH$maÀ`m godm nwadUmè`m ì`º$s qH$dm ñd`§amoOJma H$aUmè`m H$m_Jmam§H$So> Agob Am{U Á`m {R>H$mUr H$m_Jma bmdbo Jobobo AgVrb, Ë`m§Mr g§»`m Xhmnojm OmñV Zgob.

b¢{JH$ N>imbm à{V~§Y :

A) H$moUË`mhr _{hboMm b¢{JH$ N>i hmoVm H$m_m Zò. Am) nwT>rb n[apñWVrV b¢{JH$ ñdê$nmMo dV©Z Ho$bo Joë`mg Vmo b¢{JH$ N>i g_Obm

Omdm. _{hbobm H$m_m~m~V Img àmYmÝ` XoÊ`mMo J{^©V dm ñnï> dMZ XoD$Z; {VÀ`m

H$m_m~m~V ZwH$gmZ H$aÊ`mMr Y_H$s XoD$Z; {VÀ`m H$m_mÀ`m gÜ`mÀ`m qH$dm ^{dî`mVrb nXm~m~V Y_H$s XoD$Z; {VÀ`m H$m_mV hñVjon H$ê$Z qH$dm {VÀ`mgmR>r Agwa{jV, {damoYr d AmH«$_H$ Ago H$m_mMo dmVmdaU {Z_m©U H$ê$Z; {Vbm An_mZmñnX dmJUyH$ XoD$Z; {VMo Amamo½` Am{U gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV AmUyZ.

A§VJ©V VH«$ma H${_Q>rMr ñWmnZm : àËòH$ _mbH$ dm Eåßbm°àZo {bpIV AmXoemZwgma "A§VJ©V VH«$ma H${_Q>r'Mo JR>Z H$amdo. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr H$m_H$mO Agboë`m Eåßbm°àZo Amnë`m àËòH$ {d^mJm_Üò Am{U àemgH$s` emIm qH$dm H$m`m©b`m§_Üò Ë`m ñVamdarb A§VJ©V H${_Q>r ~Z{dbr nm{hOo.

A§VJ©V H${_Q>rMo gXñ` :

A) AÜ`jnXr Ë`m {R>H$mUr H$m_ H$aUmè`m H$_©Mmè`m§YyZ d[að> nmVirda H$m_ H$aUmè`m _{hbm A{YH$mè`m§Mr Zo_UyH$ H$amdr. Ë`m {R>H$mUr Aer d[að> _{hbm CnbãY Zgë`mg Ë`mM _mbH$mÀ`m AÝ` emIm§_Yrb d[að> _{hbobm AÜ`jnX XoÊ`mV `mdo.

Am) H$_©Mmè`m§_YyZ H$_rV H$_r XmoZ gXñ` Ago Zo_Ê`mV `mdoV Á`m§Mr _{hbm§À`m àým§da ~m§{YbH$s Agob d Á`m§Zm g_mOH$m`m©Mm AZw^d Agob qH$dm H$m`ÚmMr _m{hVr Agob. B) ñd` §g od r g §ñWm qH $d m g§KQ>Zm§_YyZ EH$ gXñ` Agm KoÊ`mV `mdm, Á`m§Mr _{hbm§À`m àým§er ~m§{YbH$s Agob; VgoM b¢{JH$ N>imÀ`m gd© _wX²Úm§~m~V

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OmU Agob. H${_Q>r_Yrb {H$_mZ 50 Q>¸o$ gXñ` _{hbm Agë`m nm{hOoV; AÜ`j d H${_Q>rMo AÝ` gXñ` Ë`m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmë`mnmgyZ OmñVrV OmñV VrZ df} Ë`m H${_Q>rda H$m_ H$aVrb; ñd`§godr g§ñWo_YyZ KoÊ`mV Amboë`m gXñ`mbm gwM{dÊ`mV Ambobr \$s qH$dm ^Îmm Eåßbm°à XoB©b; AÜ`j qH$dm EImÚm gXñ`mda EImXr JwÝhoJmar ñdê$nmMr qH$dm {eñV^§JmMr H$madmB© gwê$ Agë`mg Ë`m gXñ`mbm H$m{_Q>rdê$Z H$mT>Ê`mV oB©b d [aº$ OmJm {Z`_mà_mUo âÊ`mV òB©b.

ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rMr ñWmnZm : gj_ {Oëhm{YH$mar qH$dm A{V[aº$ {Oëhm{YH$mè`m§n¡H$s EH$mMr Zo_UyH$ `m H$m`ÚmVrb H$m_H$mOmMr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Oëhm A{YH$mar åhUyZ H$aVrb.

àËòH$ {Oëhm A{YH$mar Amnë`m {OëømgmR>rÀ`m "ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>r'Mr ñWmnZm H$aVrb. Xhmnojm H$_r H$m_Jma Agë`m_wio A§VJ©V VH«$ma H${_Q>rMr ñWmnZm hmoD$ Z eH$boë`m gd© H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUm§_Yrb b¢{JH$ N>imÀ`m VH«$matMr Zm|X hr ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>r H$ê$Z KoB©b Am{U Ë`m§Mr gwZmdUr KoVrb. {Oëhm A{YH$mar J«m_rU d Am{Xdmgr ^mJmV àËòH$ VmbwŠ`mgmR>r EH$ d ehar ^mJmV à^mJ qH$dm _hmnm{bH$m ñVamda EH$m ZmoS>b A{YH$mè`mMr Zo_UyH$ H$aVrb, Oo Ë`m§À`mH$So> XmIb Pmboë`m VH«$mar gmV {Xdgm§À`m AmV ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rH$So> nmR>dVrb. ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rMo A{YH$majoÌ g§~§{YV {Oëhm Agob.

ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rMo ñdê$n, H$m ©H$mb Am{U {Z`_ : g_mOH$m`m©À`m joÌm_Yrb d _{hbm§À`m àým§er ~m§{YbH$s Agboë`m à{WVè _{hbm H$m`©H$Ë`mª_YyZ AÜ`jm§Mr Zo_UyH$ H$aÊ`mV `mdr; EH$ gXñ` VmbwH$m, _hmZJanm{bH$m BË`mXrV H$m_ H$aUmè`m _{hbm§_YyZ ¿`mdm; XmoZ gXñ` Á`mVrb {H$_mZ EH$ _{hbm Agob, _{hbm àým§er ~m§{YbH$s Agboë`m ñd`§godr g§ñWo_YyZ qH$dm b¢{JH$ N>imÀ`m àýmMr OmU Agboë`m§_YyZ KoÊ`mV `mdoV.

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Ë`mVrb EH$m gXñ`mMr nmœ©^y_r H$m`Xo joÌmVrb Agmdr qH$dm Ë`mbm H$m`Úm§Mr Mm§Jbr OmU Agmdr. {H$_mZ EH$ gXñ` AZwgy{MV OmVr, O_mVr, BVa _mJmg OmVr, Aëng§»`H$ g_mOmVrb _{hbm Agmdr; {Oëhm g_mO H$ë`mU qH$dm _{hbm ~mb {dH$mg A{YH$mar m H${_Q>rMo nX{gÕ gXñ` AgVrb; ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rMo AÜ`j d gXñ`m§Mm H$m`©H$mi

Zo_UyH$ Ho$ë`mnmgyZ VrZ dfmªnojm OmñV AgUma Zmhr; ~mH$s gd© {Z`_ A§VJ©V H${_Q>r à_mUoM AgVrb.

H|$Ð gaH$ma \$s d ^Îmo XoÊ`mgmR>r amÁ` gaH$maH$So> bmoH$gôZo _§Oya Ho$bobm {ZYr dJ© H$arb Am{U Vmo {ZYr Amdí`H$VoZwgma {Oëhm àemgmZm§H$So> dJ© H$aÊ`mV òB©b.

VH«$ma : ~m{YV _{hboZo A§VJ©V VH«$ma H${_Q>r d Á`m {R>H$mUr Aer H${_Q>r Zgob {VWo ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rH$So> KQ>Zm KS>ë`mÀ`m VrZ _{hÝ`m§À`m AmV qH$dm dma§dma b¢{JH$ N>imÀ`m KQ>Zm KS>V AgVrb Va eodQ>Mr KQ>Zm KS>ë`mÀ`m VrZ _{hÝ`m§À`m AmV boIr VH«$ma H$ê$ eHo$b. {Vbm boIr VH«$ma XoUo eŠ` Zgë`mg H${_Q>rMo A{YH$mar, AÜ`j `m§Zr Ver ì`dñWm H$amdr. ~m{YV _{hboMr emar[aH$ qH$dm _mZ{gH$ Aj_Vm qH$dm {VMm _¥Ë`y Pmbobm Agë`mg {VMm H$m`Xoera dmag qH$dm AÝ` Zo_bobr ì`º$s {VÀ`m dVrZo VH«$ma XmIb H$ê$ eHo$b.

VS>OmoS> : ~m{YV _{hboÀ`m {dZ§Vrdê$Z VH«$maXma d Om~ XoUma `m§À`m_Üò VS>OmoS> KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr H$m ©dmhr A§VJ©V qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>r Am{W©H$ VS>OmoS> Z H$aÊ`mÀ`m AQ>rda H$ê$ eHo$b. KSy>Z Amboë`m VS>OmoS>r~m~V A§VJ©V H${_Q>r {Z`moº²$`m§Zm qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ H${_Q>r {Oëhm A{YH$mar m§Zm boIr _m{hVr XoVrb. VgoM VS>OmoS>rÀ`m àVr ~m{YV _{hbm d Om~ XoUma m§Zm XoÊ`mV oVrb. VS>OmoS> KSy>Z Amë`mZ§Va nwT>rb Mm¡H$erMr H$madmB© Wm§~{dÊ`mV oB©b.

VH«$matMr Mm¡H$er : Om~ XoUmar ì`º$s H$_©Mmar Agë`mg d Ë`m§Zm H$m_mMo {Z`_ bmJy Agë`mg Ë`m {Z`_m§à_mUo nwT>rb Mm¡H$er gwê$ hmoB©b; VgoM Á`m§Zm Ago {Z`_ bmJy ZmhrV Ë`m§À`m~m~V {deofV… VH«$maXma KaH$m_Jma Agë`mg ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm H$b_ 509 AWdm AÝ` mo½` H$b_mZwgma VH«$ma Zm|X{dë`mnmgyZ gmV {Xdgm§À`m AmV nmo{bg R>mÊ`mV JwÝhm Zm|Xbm OmB©b. _mÌ, Ë`mgmR>r m VH«$mar~m~V H$moUVrhr VS>OmoS> Pmbobr Zgë`mMm {Zdm©im VH«$maXmamZo {Xbobm Agbm nm{hOo. XmoÝhr nj H$_©Mmar Agë`mg XmoKm§Zmhr EH$_oH$m§Zr {Xboë`m O~m~m§Mr àV XoÊ`mV òB©b, OoUoH$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Mr CÎmao XoVm òVrb. A§VJ©V qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rbm {XdmUr H$moQ>m©à_mUo nwT>rb A{YH$ma AgVrb : H$moUË`mhr ì`º$sbm g_OnÌ nmR>dyZ ~mobmdyZ KoUo d Ë`m§Zm H${_Q>rg_moa CnpñWV amhÊ`mg d enWoda O~m~ Úm`bm ~mÜ` H$aUo; Amdí`H$ Vr H$mJXnÌo emoYUo qH$dm ~Z{dUo; Amdí`H$ Vr AÝ` H$moUVrhr H$m`©dmhr H$aUo.

27

Mm¡H$er Mmby AgVmZm H$amd`mMr H¥$Vr : b¢{JH$ N>imÀ`m VH«$marMr Mm¡H$er Mmby AgVmZm ~m{YV _{hboÀ`m {dZ§Vrdê$Z g§~§{YV H${_Q>r Eåßbm°àH$So> Imbrb {e\$mag H$ê$ eHo$b : VH«$maXma _{hboMr qH$dm Om~ XoUmè`mMr AÝ` H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr ~Xbr H$amdr. qH$dm ~m{YV _{hbobm VrZ _{hÝ`m§n ªVMr aOm _§Oya H$aÊ`mV mdr. hr aOm {VÀ`m AÝ`Wm {_iUmè`m aOoÀ`m ì`{V[aº$ Agmdr; Amdí`H$VoZwgma AÝ` H$moUVmhr {Xbmgm Úmdm. Eåßbm°à darb {e\$maetZwgma Ho$boë`m H$m`©dmhrMm Ahdmb g§~§{YV H${_Q>rbm XoB©b.

Mm¡H$erMm Ahdmb :

1. `m H$m`ÚmZwgma Ho$ë`m OmUmar Mm¡H$er nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`m_YyZ {ZKmboë`m {ZîH$fmªMm Ahdmb g§~§{YV VH«$ma H${_Q>r Eåßbm°à qH$dm {Oëhm A{YH$mar m§Zm Mm¡H$er nyU© Pmë`mÀ`m Xhm {XdgmÀ`m AmV XoB©b. Ë`mMr àV g§~§{YV njm§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV òB©b.

2. A§VJ©V VH«$ma H${_Q>r AWdm ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rÀ`m Mm¡H$erV Om~ XoUmè`m {déÕMm Amamon {gÕ Z Pmë`mg H${_Q>r Eåßbm°à qH$dm {Oëhm A{YH$mè`m§Zm Om~ XoUmè`m{déÕ H$moUVrhr H$madmB© Z H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aob.

3. g§~§{YV VH«$ma H${_Q>rÀ`m Mm¡H$erV Om~ XoUmè`m{déÕMm Amamon {gÕ Pmë`mg H${_Q>r Eåßbm° a AWdm {Oëhm A{YH$mè`m§H$So> nwT>rb {e\$magr H$ê$ eH$VmV : A) Om~ XoUmè`mbm bmJy Agboë`m H$m_mÀ`m {Z`_mdbt_Yrb b¢{JH$ J¡adV©UwH$s{déÕ Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m {ejm Ë`mbm XoÊ`mV mì`mV, Am) ~m{YV _{hbobm qH$dm {VÀ`m

28

dmagmbm ZwH$gmZ ânmB© åhUyZ XoÊ`mV òUmar a¸$_ Om~ XoUmè`mÀ`m nJmamVyZ H$nmV H$aÊ`mV `mdr. B) Ë`mbm ZmoH$arVyZ H$mT>Uo AWdm J¡hOar_wio nJmamVyZ H$nmV eŠ` Zgë`mg Ë`mZo Vr a¸$_ WoQ> âmdr, Agm hþHy$_ XoÊ`mV `mdm. Ë`mZo Vr a¸$_ Z âë`mg WH$~mH$s H$m`Xoera H$madmB© H$ê$Z dgyb H$aÊ`mV `mdr. B©) Eåßbm°à qH$dm {Oëhm A{YH$mar Ë`m§Zm {e\$maer àmá Pmë`mÀ`m 60 {Xdgm§À`m AmV Ë`m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr H$arb.

ImoQ>çm qH$dm ImoS>gminUo Ho$boë`m VH«$mar d ~ZmdQ> nwamdo {Xë`m~Ôb {ejm

1. g§~{YV H${_Q>rbm ~m{YV _{hboZo qH$dm AÝ` ì`º$sZo Om~ XoUmè`m{déÕ Ho$bobr VH«$ma ImoQ>r AmT>iyZ Amë`mg AWdm Ë`m§Zr nwamdm åhUyZ {Xbobr H$mJXnÌo ImoQ>r AWdm ~ZmdQ> AmT>iyZ Amë`mg Ë`m VH«$maXma _{hbo{déÕ qH$dm AÝ` VH«$maXmam{déÕ H$m_mÀ`m {Z`_mdbrZwgma AWdm H${_Q>rÀ`m {e\$magrZwgma H$madmB© H$aVm oB©b. na§Vw Ho$di Amamon {gÕ H$aUo AWdm nwamdo XoÊ`mg Aj_ AgUo `m Jmoï>r {ejm XoÊ`mgmR>r nwaoem R>aUma ZmhrV. Ë`mhr nwT>o OmD$Z {VÀ`mda H$madmB© H$aÊ`mAmYr VH«$maXma _{hboMm ImoS>gmi hoVy {VÀ`m{déÕÀ`m Mm¡H$erV {Z{d©dmXnUo {gÕ H$amdm bmJob.

2. Mm¡H$erÀ`m Xaå`mZ EImÚm gmjrXmamZo ImoQ>r gmj AWdm MwH$sMr _m{hVr {Xë`mMo g§~§{YV VH«$ma H${_Q>rbm AmT>iyZ Amë`mg Ë`mbm bmJy Agboë`m H$m_mÀ`m {Z`_mdbrZwgma qH$dm H${_Q>rÀ`m {e\$magrZwgma Ë`mÀ`m{déÕ H$madmB© H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag H${_Q>r Eåßbm°à qH$dm {Oëhm A{YH$mè`mH$So> H$aVm òB©b.

ZwH$gmZânmB©Mr a¸$_ {Z{üV H$aUo : ~m{YV _{hbobm XoÊ`mÀ`m ZwH$gmZânmB©Mr a¸$_ R>adVmZm nwT>rb Jmoï>r {dMmamV ¿`mì`mV : ~m{YV _{hbobm ghZ H$amdm bmJbobm _mZ{gH$ emar[aH$ Ìmg, ^md{ZH$ Xþ…I; b¢{JH$ N>im_wio ghZ H$amdo bmJbobo ì`mdgm{`H$ g§YrMo ZwH$gmZ; ~m{YV _{hboMm emar[aH$ _mZ{gH$ CnMmam§da Pmbobm IM©; Om~ XoUmè`m ì`º$sMo CËnÞ d Am{W©H$ ñVa; a¸$_ EH$mM doir qH$dm hßË`mZo XoÊ`mMr j_Vm.

~m{YV _{hbm, {VMr VH«$ma d Ë`m~m~VÀ`m Mm¡H$erMr à{H«$`m `m gd© Jmoï>t~m~V JwáVm : _m{hVrÀ`m A{YH$mamMm AndmX dJiVm AÝ`Wm H$moUmbmhr ~m{YV _{hbm, {VMr VH«$ma d Mm¡H$er `m~m~V _m{hVr XoVm òUma Zmhr. Ë`m§Zm à{gÕr XoVm òUma Zmhr. VH«$maXma _{hbm d gmjrXma `m§Mo Zmd, nÎmm, AmoiI qH$dm Ë`m {XeoZo OmÊ`mg _XV H$aUmar _m{hVr Jwá R>odmdr bmJob.

darb _m{hVr Jwá R>odÊ`mÀ`m H$b_mMm ^§J H$ê$Z {Vbm à{gÕr {Xë`mg Aem ì`º$s{déÕ Ë`m ì`º$sbm bmJy Agboë`m H$m_mÀ`m {Z`_mdbrZwgma AWdm H${_Q>rZo gwM{dë`mZwgma H$madmB© H$aVm òB©b.

Anrb : H${_Q>rÀ`m {e\$maer dm A§_b~OmdUr `m~m~V H$m_mÀ`m {Z`_mdbrZwgmaMo H$moQ>© AWdm bdmXmH$So> (Q´>m`ã`wZb) d Aer {Z`_mdbr bmJy Zgë`mg gj_ Ë`m H$moQ>m©V

29

{e\$maer nmR>dë`mÀ`m 90 {Xdgm§À`m AmV Anrb H$aVm òB©b. _mbH$ AWdm Eåßbm°àMo H$V©ì` : àËòH$ Eåßbm°àZo, A) H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr gwa{jV

dmVmdaU CnbãY H$ê$Z Úmdo. `mV H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr g§nH$m©V òUmè`m ì`º$s¨nmgyZMr gwajm g_m{dï> Amho. Am) b¢{JH$ N>im{déÕ hmoUmè`m H$madmB©~m~V, VgoM A§VJ©V VH«$ma H$m{_Vr~m~V gdmªZm {Xgob Aem {R>H$mUr _m{hVr àX{e©V H$amdr. B) `m H$m`Úm~m~V OmJ¥Vr {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`©emim, OZOmJ¥VrMo H$m`©H«$_ {Z`{_VnUo KoD$Z Amnë`m H$_©Mmè`m§Zm H$m`Xm, Ë`mVrb VaVwXr, A§VJ©V VH«$ma H${_Q>r d Ë`mMo gXñ` `m§Mr _m{hVr Úmdr. B©) A§VJ©V qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rbm H$m_H$mO H$aÊ`mgmR>r gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z ÚmdrV. C) A§VJ©V qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ H$m{_Q>rg_moa Om~ XoUmè`m ì`º$sbm d gmjrXmam§Zm CnpñWV amhÊ`mgmR>r H${_Q>rbm ghH$m`© H$amdo. D$) VH«$marÀ`m Mm¡H$ergmR>r Amdí`H$ Vr gd© H$mJXnÌo d _m{hVr H${_Q>rbm CnbãY H$ê$Z Úmdr. E) ~m{YV _{hbm ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm qH$dm Ë`m doir bmJy Agboë`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmMr _XV KoD$ BpÀN>V Agë`mg {Vbm gd© gmø Úmdo, Eo) b¢{JH$ N>i H$aUmè`m ì`º$s{déÕ ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm qH$dm Ë`m doir bmJy Agboë`m H$m`ÚmÀ`m A§VJ©V H$madmB© gwê$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwT>mH$ma ¿`mdm. Vr ì`º$s H$_©Mmar Agë`mg Ë`mMr b¢{JH$ N>imMr H¥$Vr hr J¡adV©UyH$ Amho, Ago _mZyZ Ë`mÀ`m {déÕ H$m_mÀ`m {Z`_mdbrV J¡adV©UwH$s~m~V Agbobr H$madmB© gwê$ H$amdr. Vr ì`º$s H$_©Mmar Zgë`mg AÝ` H$m`Úm§À`m AmYmao H$madmB© H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwT>mH$ma ¿`mdm. A§VJ©V H${_Q>r doioV H$madmB© H$arV Amho qH$dm Zmhr `mda bj R>odmdo.

{Oëhm A{YH$mè`mMo A{YH$ma d H$V©ìò : {Oëhm A{YH$mar ñWm{ZH$ H${_Q>r doioV Ahdmb gmXa H$arV Amho H$m` mda bj R>odVrb; VgoM ñd §godr g§ñWm§À`m _XVrZo bmoH$m§_Ü o b¢{JH$ N>im~m~VMm H$m`Xm d _{hbm§Mo A{YH$ma `m~m~V OmJ¥Vr KS>dyZ AmUVrb.

H${_Q>rZo Úmd`mMm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb : A§VJ©V H${_Q>r d ñWm{ZH$ H${_Q>r Xa dfu Amnë`m H$m_H$mOmMm Ahdmb V`ma H$arb Am{U AZwH«$_o Eåßbm°à qH$dm {Oëhm A{YH$mè`m§Zm XoB©b. `m Ahdmbm§À`m AmYmao {Oëhm A{YH$mar EH$ g§{já Ahdmb amÁ` gaH$mabm XoVrb.

Eåßbm°àZo H§$nZrÀ`m dm{f©H$ AhdmbmV Úmd`mMr _m{hVr : Eåßbm°à Amnë`m H§$nZrÀ`m dm{f©H$ AhdmbmV H§$nZrV Zm|X Pmboë`m VH«$mar, Am{U Ë`mdarb H$m ©dmhr m~m~VÀ`m AhdmbmMm g_mdoe H$arb. Agm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb à{gÕ Ho$bm OmV Zgob, Va hm Ahdmb {Oëhm A{YH$mè`mbm gmXa H$arb.

gj_ emgZmMo H$V©ì` : gj_ emgZ H$m`ÚmÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrda bj R>odrb Am{U Zm|Xboë`m VH«$mar d Ë`m§À`mdarb H$m`©dmhrMr _m{hVr d AmH$So>dmar Jmoim H$arb.

gaH$maZo Úmd`mMr à{gÕr : gj_ emgZ CnbãY {ZYr d gmYZm§À`m _`m©XoV Amdí`H$ Vr _m{hVr, {ejU, g§nH©$ Am{U à{ejUmMr gmYZo {dH${gV H$arb; VgoM _{hbm§Zm H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr b¢{JH$ N>imnmgyZ gwajm XoÊ`mgmR>rÀ`m `m H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXt~m~V OZOmJ¥VrMo d bmoH$m§Mr Ë`m~m~V g_O dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>rMo H$m ©H«$_ H$arb. VgoM ñWm{ZH$ VH«$ma H${_Q>rÀ`m gXñ`m§Mr g_O V`ma H$aUo d Ë`m§Mr à{ejU H$aUo `mgmR>rMo H$m`©H«$_ H$arb.

30

_m{hVr _mJdÊ`mMm d aoH$m°S©> VnmgÊ`mMm A{YH$ma

1. gj_ emgZ OZ{hV d _{hbm H$_©Mmè`m§Mo H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUMo {hV bjmV KoD$Z {bpIV AmXoem§Ûmao : Amdí`H$Vm ^mgë`mg H$moUË`mhr Eåßbm°à AWdm {Oëhm A{YH$mè`m§Zm ~mobmdyZ b¢{JH$ N>im~m~VMr _m{hVr _mJdyZ KoB©b; VgoM b¢{JH$ N>imÀ`m g§X^m©V EImXo aoH$m°S©> qH$dm H$m_mMo {R>H$mU VnmgÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr A{YH$mè`mMr Zo_UyH$ H$arb, Omo R>am{dH$ H$mbmdYrV Amnbm VnmgUr~m~VMm Ahdmb gmXa H$arb.

2. àËòH$ {Z`moº$m qH$dm {Oëhm A{YH$mar d VnmgUr A{YH$mè`mÀ`m _mJUrZwgma g§~§{YV {df`mMr _m{hVr, aoH$m°S©> d Ë`m§À`m Vmã`mVrb AÝ` H$mJXnÌo Ë`mÀ`mg_moa gmXa H$aVrb.

H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXtMo nmbZ Z Ho$ë`m~Ôb X§S> : 1. Eåßbm° aZo A§VJ©V VH«$ma H${_Q>rMr ñWmnZm; VH«$mat~m~V H$m`©dmhr; hm H$m`Xm d Ë`mMo {Z`_ `m§Mo nmbZ Z Ho$ë`mg Eåßbm°àbm 50 hOma én`m§n`ªVMm X§S> hmoD$ eH$Vmo. 2. EImÚm Eåßbm°àbm darb H$moUË`mhr H$maUmZo X§S> Pmbobm Agob d Ë`mZo nwÝhm Ë`mMo C„§KZ Ho$ë`mg Ë`mbm, n{hë`m doir Pmboë`m X§S>mÀ`m XþßnQ> X§S> hmoB©b qH$dm Ë`mMm ì`dgm` H$aÊ`mMm nadmZm aÔ Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo.

H$moQ>m©Mr XIb : `m H$m`ÚmÀ`m VaVwXt_Üò H$moUVohr H$moQ>© XIb KoUma Zmhr; _oQ´>monm°{bQ>Z qH$dm Á`w{S>{e`b H$moQ>m©À`m Imbrb H$moQ>© `m H$m`ÚmÀ`m A§VJ©V H$madmB© H$aUma Zmhr; `m H$m`ÚmVrb àËòH$ JwÝhm AXIbnmÌ Agob.

`m H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXr AÝ` H$m`Úm§Mm ^§J H$aUma ZmhrV; nU Ë`m§Zm nyaH$ Agy eH$Vrb.

gj_ gaH$maMm {Z`_ ~Z{dÊ`mMm A{YH$ma : H|$Ð gaH$ma m H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXtMo nmbZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb _wX²Úm§da Amdí`H$ {Z`_ ~Zdy eHo$b : gXñ`m§Zm XoÊ`mMr \$s d ^Îmo; gXñ`m§Mr Zo_UyH$; AÜ`j d gXñ`m§Zm XoÊ`mMr \$s d Îmo; VH«$ma H$ê$ eH$Umar ì`º$s; Mm¡H$erMr nÕV; Mm¡H$er H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma; {Xbmgm XoÊ`mg§~§YrMr {e\$mag; H$m`ÚmVrb {d{dY H$b_mÝdò H$amd`mÀ`m H$madmB©Mr nÕV; H$m`©emim, H$_©Mmè`m§gmR>r OZOmJ¥VrMo, gXñ`m§gmR>r g_O dmT>{dÊ`mMo H$m`©H«$_ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mMr nÕV Am{U H$m{_Q>çm§Zr dm{f©H$ Ahdmb XoÊ`mMr nÕV.

AS>MUr Xÿa H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma : m H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXtMo nmbZ H$aÊ`mV H$moUVrhr AS>MU qH$dm AdamoY {Z_m©U Pmë`mg Ë`mda _mV H$aÊ`mgmR>r XmoZ dfmªÀ`m AmV Ë`m VaVwXtZm nyaH$ AmXoe H$mT>ob d Vo bmoH$gôg_moa _m§So>b.

31

_{hbm§Mo Agä` àXe©Z (à{V~§YH$) H$m`Xm, 1986

`m H$m`ÚmÝdò _{hbm§Mo Agä` àXe©Z - Om{hamV, àH$meZo, {bImU, {MÌo, {eën qH$dm AÝ` Hw$R>ë`mhr _mÜ`_mVyZ - H$aÊ`mg ~§Xr KmbÊ`mV Ambr Amho. hm H$m`Xm 23 {S>g|~a 1986 amoOr ApñVËdmV Ambm. Oå_y-H$mí_ra amÁ` dJiVm, Vmo g§nyU© ^maVmV bmJy Amho.

`m H$m`ÚmA§VJ©V Xmofr AmT>ië`mg XmoZ hOma énò X§S> Am{U/qH$dm XmoZ dfmªn`ªV H$mamdmg Aer {ejm hmoD$ eH$Vo.

amï´>r` _{hbm Am`moJ, 1990

_{hbm§Mo àý gmoS>{dÊ`mÀ`m, Ë`m§Zm d¡Ym{ZH$ AmYma XoÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo 'amï´>r` _{hbm Am`moJ, 1990' hm H$m`Xm maVmV H$aÊ`mV Ambm. hr H|$Ð gaH$maMr g§d¡Ym{ZH$ g§ñWm Amho. `m H$m`ÚmÝd o amï´>r` _{hbm Am`moJ m g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm OmZodmar 1992 _Ü o H$aÊ`mV Ambr. ^maVr` _{hbm§À`m H$m`Xoera h¸$m§Mo g§ajU H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ hr g§ñWm H$aVo. _{hbm{df`H$ àým§da AmdmO CR>{dÊ`mMo H$m_ m g§ñWo_m\©$V gwê$ AgVo. _{hbm§Mm gm_m{OH$ XOm© C§MmdUo, Ë`m§Zm Am{W©H$ ñW¡`© d ñdmV§Í` àmá H$ê$Z XoUo hm `m g§ñWoMm CÔoe Amho. amï´>r` _{hcm Am`moJmÀ`m ~amo~arZo gd©M amÁ`m§_Üò amÁ` _{hbm Am`moJm§Mrhr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. g§~§{YV amÁ`m§À`m H$m`©joÌmV, VimJmimn`ªV OmD$Z _{hbm§gmR>r H$m_ H$aUo ho amÁ` Am`moJm§Mo C{Ôï> Amho.

g_mZ _mo~Xbm H$m`Xm, 1976

nydu nwéfm§À`m VwbZoV _{hbm§Zm H$m_mMm H$_r _mo~Xbm {Xbm OmV Ago. _mÌ, H|$Ð gaH$maZo 1976 _Üò Ho$boë`m 'g_mZ _mo~Xbm H$m`Úm'Ýdò ór d nwéfm§Zm EImÚm g_mZ H$m_mMm g_mZ _mo~Xbm qH$dm _ohZVmZm {Xbm OmUo H$m`ÚmZo ~§YZH$maH$ Amho. Ë`mV ôX^md H$aVm oUma Zmhr. AmOhr AZoH$ {R>H$mUr {ó`m§Zm H$_r doVZmda H$m_ H$amdo bmJVo. ór Am{U nwéf `m§Zm doVZ XoVmZm ôX^md Ho$bm OmVmo. _mÌ, `m H$m`ÚmÝdò _{hbm§Zmhr nwéfm§gmaIoM H$m_ Ë`m H$aV AgVrb, Va Ë`m§À`mEdT>mM _ohZVmZm {_iUmam A{YH$ma Amho.

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_{hbm Amnë`m g§ajUmgmR>r, AÝ`m` hmoV AgVmZm _XV _mJÊ`mgmR>r `m {R>H$mUr \$moZ H$ê$ eH$VmV.

nwUo {Z`§ÌU H$j020-26126296

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181

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_{hcm§gmR>r ñdV§Ì nmo{cg hoënbmBZ, nwUo020-26050191 (www.punepolice.gov.in )

nwUo JwÝho emIm H$j020-26112222,

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33

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_hmamï´> amÁ` _{hcm Am`moJ, _w§~B©J¥h{Z_m©U ^dZ åhmS>m {~pëS>¨J,

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h$m`xo{df`h$ ozomj¥vrgmr>r hmamï´> amÁ` {hcm am ... law (1) final for...aënd`rz nËzrer...

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