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    A Presentation by:Serena Bardi and

    Eliana Hill

    Introduction to LiteratureOctober 2, 2014

    http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped

    ia/commons/1/10/Herakles_snake_Musei_Capitolini_MC247.jpg

    http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Herakles_snake_Musei_Capitolini_MC247.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Herakles_snake_Musei_Capitolini_MC247.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Herakles_snake_Musei_Capitolini_MC247.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Herakles_snake_Musei_Capitolini_MC247.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Herakles_snake_Musei_Capitolini_MC247.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Herakles_snake_Musei_Capitolini_MC247.jpg
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    There are manyaccounts ofHercules story,however we will onlybe talking aboutexcerpts written bySophocles,Euripides,Theocritus andApollodorus.

    http://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbol

    http://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbolhttp://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbolhttp://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbolhttp://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbolhttp://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbolhttp://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbol
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    Hercules was the greatesthero of Greece.

    He was the strongest man onearth and very courageous.

    He was the son of Zeus andthe mortal Alcmena.

    He had a tendency to actimpulsively, then regret it andpunish himself.

    He was supremely confidentand put himself on equalstanding with the gods.

    He wasnt very smart, but hewas very effective at taming orslaying cunning monsters and

    wild beasts.

    He was resented by Hera,because he was an illegitimateson of Zeus.

    He could not be defeated byany earthly force, only by thesupernatural or magic.

    His true remorse forwrongdoing and his quest forredemption demonstrated ahigher moral compass.

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    Zeus: Hercules father was the

    most important god of Olympusand commanded thunder andlightning. He had many affairsincluding one with Alcmena.

    Hera: jealous wife of Zeus.Goddess of childbirth and

    marriage. Alcmena: Hercules mother. Megara: Hercules wife and

    mother to his three children,who he kills in a fit of madness.

    Eurystheus: king of Mycenae.

    The person who gives Herculesthe twelve labors. Deinarina: His second wife who

    accidentally poisons him. http://resources.saylor.org/K12ELA/K1

    2ELA007/Unit%205/K12ELA7-5.4.4-Disney-VS-Mythical-Hercules-BY-SA_files/heracles_sm.jpg

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    Hercules was born in Thebes into thefamily of Alcmena and the GeneralAmphitryon, but Hercules real fatherwas Zeus.

    Zeus took the form ofAlcmenashusband and mated with her. Later, she

    bore him a child. Even as a child Hercules demonstrated

    superhuman abilities killing two snakeswith his bare hands in his nursery.

    He established himself as a great warriorand participated in the Quest for the

    Golden Fleece. He helped the Olympiansdefeat the Giants.

    Hera, Zeus wife never forgave him for hisbetrayal and vowed vengeance againstHercules.

    Hera sent Hercules a fit of madness,making him temporarily lose hismind.

    In his confused state, Hercules carriedout an unspeakable crime, he killedhis beloved wife Megara and theirthree children.

    When sanity returned, Hercules washorrified and didnt want to live.

    The Oracle at Delphi agreed thatHercules must be purified. She senthim to his cousin, Eurystheus, king ofMycenea.

    Eurystheus set Hercules 12 impossibletasks for his redemption, the Laborsof Hercules.

    Hercules spent the next decadecarrying out the 12 Labors successfully.

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    HERCULES ANDTHE HYDRA.Paestan black-figureC6th B.C.

    SECOND LABOUR:

    Hydra Lernaia was a 9

    headed sea serpent

    terrorizing Lerna. For

    every head that wascut off Hydra would

    regenerate two more.

    Hercules defeated

    Hydra with help from

    Iolaos by burning the

    severed stumps. LaterHera placed Hydra

    amongst the stars as a

    constellation.

    J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA.www.getty.edu/art

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    HERCULES ANDTHE CERYNITIANHIND: Athenianamphora C6th B.C.

    THIRD LABOUR:

    The Cerynitian Hindwas a golden horneddeer belonging tothe goddess Artemis.

    After a year ofchasing it andbreaking off one ofits horns, Herculesfinally captured it onMt. Artemision in

    Arkadia. He later

    convinced Artemisto let him borrowthe deer to completehis task of bringingit to Mycenea.

    British Museum Collection.www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection

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    HERCULES AND AERYMANTHIANBOAR. Statue byGiambologna 1529-1608

    FOURTH LABOUR:

    The Erymanthian

    boar was

    destroying the

    fields of thefarmers in Arkadia.

    Hercules chased

    the giant boar

    forcing it through

    deep winter snow

    and trapped it witha net. He then

    carried it live back

    to Mycenae.

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art.www.metmuseum.org/collection

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    HERCULES ANDTHE STABLES OF

    AUGEAS: Mosiac,Lliria C3rd B.C.

    FIFTH LABOUR:

    Hercules was ordered

    to clean the filthy

    stables of King Augeas

    which housed

    hundreds of cattle. Heaccomplished this

    task by splitting the

    river of Alpheios and

    letting the water flow

    through the stables.

    When the king

    refused payment,

    Hercules declared war

    and eventually slayed

    the king.

    National Archeological Museum, Madrid Spain:www.man.es

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    HERCULES ANDTHE CRETAN BULL:Bronze statue.

    Seventh Labour:

    The bull was given toKing Minos to be usedas a sacrifice. Insteadhe kept the bull,angering Poseidon.

    Exacting revenge,Poseidon sent the bullto terrorize the city ofKnossos, and madeMinos wife fall in love

    and bear a Minotauras a child. Hercules

    brought the bull backto Eurystreus, whowas so frightened hehid.

    Schwerin Castle, Germany: www.ancienthistory.about.com

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    HERCULES ANDHIPPOLYTES BELT:

    Black Amphora C500B.C.

    NINTH LABOUR:

    Hercules was sent to

    capture the belt of the

    Queen of the Amazons,

    a female warrior tribe

    that used men asservants and slaves. In a

    rare show of diplomacy,

    Hercules simply asked

    her for the belt. Moved

    by his plight, Hippolyte

    gave it to him. Angered

    by his success, Hera

    incited the Amazons to

    attack and Hippolyte

    was killed in the battle.

    J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA.www.getty.edu/art

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    HERCULES ANDTHE GERYON:

    Athenian vase C6thB.C.

    TENTH LABOUR:

    Hercules was

    required to fetch

    the prized herd of

    oxen of Erytheia.

    To accomplish this

    task, he had to slay

    the cattle herder

    Eurytion, the two

    headed guard dog

    Orthyros and theGeryon, a three

    headed, four

    winged giant.

    Muse du Louvre, Paris, France: www.louvre.fr

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    HERCULES ANDTHE APPLES OFHESPERIDES:

    Athenia hydria, C5thB.C.

    Eleventh Labour:

    Hercules was sent toretrieve the goldenapples of theHesperides, the threegoddesses of evening

    and the light ofsunset. The appleswere a wedding giftfrom Gaia (Earth) toHera. To obtain theapples, Hercules hadto slay the 100 headed

    guardian Lakon. Theapples were laterreturned by Athena tothe Herperides.

    British Museum, London:www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection

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    HERCULES ANDCERBERUS:Cearetan hydria,C6th B.C.

    Twelfth Labour:

    For his last labour,

    Hercules was set the

    impossible task of

    luring Cerberus away

    from his guard post

    at the gates of Haides

    (Underworld).

    Cerberus was a three

    headed hound with a

    serpents tail, a maneof snakes and and

    lions claws.

    Muse du Louvre, Paris, France: www.louvre.fr

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    1. IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY WHAT MAKES AHERO?HOW HAS THAT DEFINITION CHANGEDTODAY?

    2. WHAT LESSONS CAN BE GLEANED FROMHERCULES STORY THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TOMODERN LIFE?

    3. HERCULES COMMITS A TERRIBLE CRIME OFPASSION. HOW DOES HIS MYTH RELATE TO THE WAYTHAT WE VIEW AND PUNISH VIOLENT CRIME TODAY?

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    AncientHistory.about.com. Top 10 Heroes of Greek Legend. Web. 28 September 2014.

    Diamond, Steven. Why Myths Still Matter: Hercules and His Twelve Healing Labors.Psychology Today, 25October 2009. Web. 28 September 2014.

    Hamilton, Edith.Mythology.New York: Little Brown and Company, 1976.

    GreekMythology.com.Heracles. Web. 27 September 2014

    History.Answers.com.Life Lessons Learned from the Labors of Hercules Myth. Web. 28 September 2014.

    House, Christine. Hercules the Hero: Understanding the Myth.New Haven: New Haven Teachers Institute,

    2014.

    Scott, Allison and Goethals, George. Heroes: What They Do and Why We Need Them.Oxford: Oxford

    University Press, 2010.

    Svobada, Edith. What Makes a Hero: The Surprising Science of Self lessness. New York: Penguin Group, 2013.

    The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Fourth Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2009.

    Theoi.com.The Twelve Labors of Heracles. Web. 26 September 2014.