gramatica de modales y otros
TRANSCRIPT
Lección 1ª: Plural del sustantivo
Gramática
Los sustantivos forman el plural añadiendo la terminación "-s":
cat / cats
head / heads
Cuando el sustantivo presenta una de las siguientes terminaciones forma el plural
añadiendo "-es":
- s (focus / focuses)
- ss (miss / misses)
- sh (fish / fishes)
- ch (stitch / stitches)
- x (fox / foxes)
Si el sustantivo finaliza en "-y":
Tras consonante: presenta en plural la terminación "-ies"
Battery / batteries
Tras vocal: forma el plural añadiendo "-s"
Bay / bays
Si el sustantivo termina en vocal "-o" forma el plural añadiendo "-es":
Tomato / tomatoes
1.- Escribe el plural de los siguientes sustantivos:
1.
Globe
2.
Dish
3.
Day
4.
Tax
5.
Match
6.
Parody
7.
Wish
8.
Flash
9.
Potato
10.
Box
11.
Go
12.
Casualty
13.
Church
14.
Miss
15.
Lieutenant
16.
Mouth
17.
Lens
18.
Cry
19.
Witch
20.
Boy
21.
Archer
22.
Bus
23.
Salary
24.
Dress
SOLUCION
1.- Escribe el plural de los siguientes sustantivos:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Globes
2.
Dishes
3.
Days
4.
Taxes
5.
Matches
6.
Parodies
7.
Wishes
8.
Flashes
9.
Potatoes
10.
Boxes
11.
Goes
12.
Casualties
13.
Churches
14.
Misses
15.
Lieutenants
16.
Mouths
17.
Lenses
18.
Cries
19.
Witches
20.
Boys
21.
Archers
22.
Buses
23.
Salaries
24.
Dresses
Lección 2ª: Doblar la consonante final
Gramática
1.- Ciertas palabras inglesas (verbos, sustantivos, adjetivos) al incorporar un sufijo
(terminación) doblan la consonante final.
a) Palabras monosílabas que finalizan en:
una sola vocal + una sola consonante
Doblan la consonante final cuando incorporan un sufijo que comienza por vocal (-ing / -ed
/ -er / -est ...)
to run / runner
to sit / sitting
to sin / sinned
b) Palabras de dos o más sílaba cuando el acento recae en la sílaba final y esta sílaba
final termina en:
una sola vocal + una sola consonante
Al incorporar sufijos que comienzan por vocal ( -ing / -ed / -er / -est...)
begin / beginner
forget / forgetting
c) Suelen doblar también la última consonante aquellas palabras que terminan en "l"
(con independencia de que esté acentuada o no la última silaba) cuando incorporan los
sufijos "-ing / -ed":
to cancel / cancelling
to signal / signalled
2.- Otras palabras en cambio no doblan la consonante final
a) Aquellas palabras que terminan en 2 o más consonantes.
to fight / fighting
to transform / transforming
b) Aquellas palabras que finalizan en una consonante pero que delante llevan dos
vocales.
to eat / eating
to meet / meeting
c) las consonantes "w, x, y" no se doblan al final de una palabra
to draw / drawing
to sew / sewing
Exercises
1.- Escribe la palabra que se indica entre paréntesis a partir de los siguientes infinitivos:
1.
To cut (participio presente)
2.
To sleep (participio presente)
3.
To accept (participio pasado)
4.
To fit (participio presente)
5.
To behave (participio presente)
6.
To put (participio presente)
7.
To repel (participio presente)
8.
To look (participio pasado)
9.
To attack (participio presente)
10.
To grow (participio presente)
11.
To submit (participio presente)
12.
To cook (participio presente)
13.
To travel (participio presente)
14.
To listen (sustantivo)
15.
To commit (participio presente)
16.
To rest (participio presente)
17.
To land (participio pasado)
18.
To dream (sustantivo)
19.
To forbid (participio presente)
20.
To conquer (sustantivo)
21.
To dig (participio presente)
22.
To blow (participio presente)
23.
To cross (participio presente)
24.
To spend (participio presente)
25.
To fix (participio pasado)
SOLUCION
1.- Escribe la palabra que se indica entre paréntesis a partir de los siguientes infinitivos:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Cutting
2.
Sleeping
3.
Accepted
4.
Fitting
5.
Behaving
6.
Putting
7.
Repelling
8.
Looked
9.
Attacking
10.
Growing
11.
Submitting
12.
Cooking
13.
Travelling
14.
Listener
15.
Committing
16.
Resting
17.
Landed
18.
Dreamer
19.
Forbidding
20.
Conqueror
21.
Digging
22.
Blowing
23.
Crossing
24.
Spending
25.
Fixed
Lección 3ª: Palabras que terminan en "-y"
Gramática
Las palabras que terminan en "-y" tras consonante cambian la "y" por "i" delante de
cualquier sufijo excepto "-ing"
to dry / dried / drying
to deny / denied / denying
happy / happily
funny / funnier / funniest
Cuando se añade una "-s" final, bien para formar el plural del sustantivo bien la 3ª
persona del singular del presente del indicativo, la "y" final se transforma en "-ies":
lorry / lorries
country / countries
to fly / flies
to cry / cries
Si la "y" va precedida por una vocal entonces no cambia, si bien hay excepciones:
to employ / employed / employing / employer
to convey / conveyed / conveying / conveyor
Exercises
1.- Escribe la forma que se indica entre paréntesis a partir de las siguientes palabras:
1.
To fly (participio presente)
2.
To carry (participio pasado)
3.
To play (sustantivo)
4.
Baby (plural)
5.
Sunny (superlativo)
6.
To decay (participio pasado)
7.
Donkey (plural)
8.
Family (plural)
9.
Jockey (plural)
10.
To spray (participio pasado)
11.
To obey (participio pasado)
12.
Voluntary (adverbio)
13.
Heavy (superlativo)
14.
To unify (participio presente)
15.
To play (participio pasado)
16.
Sporty (sustantivo)
17.
Spray (plural)
18.
Cemetery (plural)
19.
To qualify (participio presente)
20.
To falsify (participio presente)
21.
To worry (participio pasado)
22.
To pray (participio pasado)
23.
To cry (participio pasado)
24.
Angry (adverbio)
25.
Dictionary (plural)
SOLUCION
1.- Escribe la forma que se indica entre paréntesis a partir de las siguientes palabras:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Flying
2.
Carried
3.
Player
4.
Babies
5.
Sunniest
6.
Decayed
7.
Donkeys
8.
Families
9.
Jockeys
10.
Sprayed
11.
Obeyed
12.
Voluntarily
13.
Heaviest
14.
Unifying
15.
Played
16.
Sportier
17.
Sprays
18.
Cemeteries
19.
Qualifying
20.
Falsifying
21.
Worried
22.
Prayed
23.
Cried
24.
Angrily
25.
Dictionaries
Lección 4ª: Palabras que terminan en "-e"
Gramática
Las palabras que terminan en "-e" precedidas de consonante pierden la "-e" cuando
incorporan un sufijo que comienza por vocal:
to come / coming
to believe / believable
to dance / danced
rude / rudest
late / later
Excepción : si el verbo termina en "-ee " entonces mantiene la "-e" final:
to see / seeing
to flee / fleeing
Si el sufijo comienza por consonante por regla general (hay excepciones) se mantiene la
"-e" final:
morose / morosely
secure / securely
to engage / engagement
hope / hopeful
Si es un adjetivo que finaliza en "-le" forma el adverbio sustituyendo "-le" por la
terminación "-ly":
probable / probably
understandable / understandably
Exercises
1.- Escribe la forma que se indica entre paréntesis a partir de las siguientes palabras:
1.
To compete (participio presente)
2.
To drive (participio presente)
3.
To decline (participio pasado)
4.
Complete (adverbio)
5.
To blame (participio presente)
6.
Close (superlativo)
7.
Visible (adverbio)
8.
To practise (participio pasado)
9.
To oppose (participio presente)
10.
Precise (adverbio)
11.
To leave (participio presente)
12.
Gentle (adverbio)
13.
Wise (superlativo)
14.
To give (participio presente)
15.
To arrive (participio pasado)
16.
Subtle (superlativo)
17.
To abuse (participio presente)
18.
Possible (adverbio)
19.
To agree (participio presente)
20.
Arguable (adverbio)
21.
To invite (participio presente)
22.
Decisive (adverbio)
23.
Crude (adverbio)
24.
To capture (participio pasado)
25.
Brave (comparativo)
Exercises
1.- Escribe la forma que se indica entre paréntesis a partir de las siguientes palabras:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Competing
2.
Driving
3.
Declined
4.
Completely
5.
Blaming
6.
Closest
7.
Visibly
8.
Practised
9.
Opposing
10.
Precisely
11.
Leaving
12.
Gently
13.
Wisest
14.
Giving
15.
Arrived
16.
Subtlest
17.
Abusing
18.
Possibly
19.
Agreeing
20.
Arguably
21.
Inviting
22.
Decisively
23.
Crudely
24.
Captured
25.
Braver
Lección 5ª: Omisión del artículo
Gramática
1.- Artículo indefinido: a / an
Se omite:
a) Delante de un sustantivo en plural:
a car / cars
a house / houses
You can see a house over there / You can see houses over there
b) Delante de nombres génericos de sustancias (wine, milk, gold, wood, silver, petrol,
blood...):
I like milk
I don't drink wine
No obstante, si un sustantivo genérico se utiliza con un sentido concreto, para hacer
referencia a algo determinado, entonces sí lleva artículo:
What a good wine!
c) Delante de nombres abstractos (happiness, justice, fear, help, love, future, hope...):
The children have fear of phantoms
The drug addicts especially need understanding and help
d) Delante de nombres de comidas; breakfast, lunch, dinner,...
We have dinner at 8 o'clock
This morning I had breakfast very late
Salvo cuando van precedidos por un adjetivo calificativo:
What a delicious dinner you have prepared!
2.- Artículo definido: the
Se omite:
a) Con nombres abstractos , salvo que se utilicen con un sentido particular:
Justice is the basis of any political system
In Spain the justice works very slowly
b) Delante de nombres de deportes:
He plays tennis (football)
c) Delante de nombres genéricos en plural:
Sport cars are always expensive
Men practise sport more than women
Children learn foreign languages more easily than adults
In Spain dentists are very well paid
Salvo cuando se utilizan con un sentido concreto:
Last weekend we went to Paris with the children
All the dentists I know advise you to brush your teeth after every meal
d) Con los sustantivos "home" / "work":
Last Friday I stayed at home all evening
He goes to work
e) Con los sustantivos "bed" / "church" / "prison" / "school" / "university" ... cuando
se hace referencia a su finalidad básica:
To go to bed (to sleep)
To go to church / to come back from church (to pray)
To be in hospital / to leave hospital (as a patient)
To stay in prison (as a prisoner)
To be back from university / to leave school (as a student)
Pero cuando se hace referencia a estos lugares por otros motivos (por ejemplo, ir a un
hospital de visita) entonces sí llevan artículos:
I went to the hospital to visit my wife
I went to the university to ask for information
Exercises
1.- Indica que artículo habría que emplear para completar las siguientes oraciones. En
caso de que no fuera necesario ningún artículo señálalo con una "N":
1.
Could you bring me ________ glass
of water?
2.
Are you going to play ________
football with your friends?
3.
You can see ________ cat lying on
that roof
4.
Yesterday evening I was at ________
home because I didn't feel well
5.
The Cathedral of Seville is one of the
biggest in ________ world
6.
That sailing boat is made of
________ aluminium
7.
________ Freedom is one of the
pillars of modern society
8.
You can see ________ eagles flying
over those hills
9.
I want to buy ________ books for this
summer
10.
Theses plants need ________ water
urgently
11.
In our days, car accidents are one of
the main causes of ________ death
12.
I like ________ coffee very much
13.
________ Love can change your life
14.
I visited ________ church of St.
Michael in Paris
15.
________ Health is the first thing
needed to find happiness
16.
Last Sunday morning I went to
________ church with my girlfriend
17.
After doing sport I really enjoy
________ good beer
18.
________ party was a real disaster.
People got drunk immediately
19.
________ love I feel for my daughter
is the most important thing in my life
20.
What ________ good coffee you can
drink in that bar!
21.
________ Death is the end of life
22.
Can you give me ________ piece of
paper, please?
23.
________ death of our boss has been
a shock for all of us
24.
________ Electricity is the basis of
modern life
25.
What ________ weather! All day
raining
26.
Are you coming with me to ________
hospital to see Peter?
27.
He doesn't have any sense of
________ justice
28.
This morning I got ________ taxi to
go to work because it was very late
29.
I went to ________ school to speak to
my son's teacher
30.
When I drive I like to listen to
________ music
Exercises
1.- Indica que artículo habría que emplear para completar las siguientes oraciones. En
caso de que no fuera necesario ningún artículo señálalo con una "N":
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Could you bring me a glass of water?
2.
Are you going to play football with
your friends?
3.
You can see a cat lying on that roof
4.
Yesterday evening I was at home
because I didn't feel well
5.
The Cathedral of Seville is one of the
biggest in the world
6.
That sailing boat is made of
aluminium
7.
Freedom is one of the pillars of
modern society
8.
You can see eagles flying over those
hills
9.
I want to buy books for this summer
10.
Theses plants need water urgently
11.
In our days, car accidents are one of
the main causes of death
12.
I like coffee very much
13.
Love can change your life
14.
I visited the church of St. Michael in
Paris
15.
Health is the first thing needed to find
happiness
16.
Last Sunday morning I went to church
with my girlfriend
17.
After doing sport I really enjoy a good
beer
18.
The party was a real disaster. People
got drunk immediately
19.
The love I feel for my daughter is the
most important thing in my life
20.
What a good coffee you can drink in
that bar!
21.
Death is the end of life
22.
Can you give me a piece of paper,
please?
23.
The death of our boss has been a
shock for all of us
24.
Electricity is the basis of modern life
25.
What weather! All day raining
26.
Are you coming with me to the
hospital to see Peter?
27.
He doesn't have any sense of justice
28.
This morning I got a taxi to go to
work because it was very late
29.
I went to the school to speak to my
son's teacher
30.
When I drive I like to listen to music
Lección 6ª: Nombres geográficos con / sin artículo
Gramática
La regla general es la siguiente (si bien hay excepciones):
1.- Con artículo "the":
a) Países que incluyen en sus nombres expresiones del tipo: república, estado, reino:
The Soviet Union
The United States of America
The United Kingdom
b) Países con nombres plurales:
The Netherlands
c) Islas con nombre en plural:
The Bahamas / The Falklands
d) Regiones:
The north of Finland
The south of Italy
e) Montañas con nombre en plural:
The Alps / The Andes
e) Nombres de oceanos, mares, ríos:
The Pacific Ocean
The Red Sea
The Mississippi
2.- No llevan artículo "the":
a) Nombre de países y continentes (salvo en los casos mencionados anteriormente):
Europe / Asia / America
Spain / France / Turkey
b) Nombre de ciudades:
Paris / Rome / London
c) Nombres de islas en singular:
Sicily / Menorca
d) Nombres de montañas en singular:
Mont Blanc / Everest
e) Nombre de lagos:
Lake Baikal / Lake Michigan
Exercises
1.- Indica cuales de estos nombres propios va acompañado del artículo "the". Aquellos
que no lo lleven señálalo con una "N":
1.
________ Caribbean Sea
2.
________ Argentina
3.
________ Artic Ocean
4.
________ Amazon
5.
________ Canary Islands
6.
________ New Zealand
7.
________ West of Senegal
8.
________ Antigua (isla)
9.
________ Azores
10.
________ Urals
11.
________ Rhine
12.
________ Seychelles
13.
________ Lake Ontario
14.
________ North Sea
15.
________ Atlantic
16.
________ Middle East
17.
________ Hamburg
18.
________ Africa
19.
________ Rocky Mountains
20.
________ Republic of South Africa
21.
________ Brazil
22.
________ Ibiza
23.
________ Republic of Ireland
24.
________ Vienna
25.
________ Philippines
26.
________ Czech Republic
27.
________ West Indies
Exercises
1.- Indica cuales de estos nombres propios va acompañado del artículo "the". Aquellos
que no lo lleven señálalo con una "N":
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
The Caribbean Sea
2.
Argentina
3.
The Artic Ocean
4.
The Amazon
5.
The Canary Islands
6.
New Zealand
7.
The west of Senegal
8.
Antigua
9.
The Azores
10.
The Urals
11.
The Rhine
12.
The Seychelles
13.
Lake Ontario
14.
The North Sea
15.
The Atlantic
16.
The Middle East
17.
Hamburg
18.
Africa
19.
The Rocky Mountains
20.
The Republic of South Africa
21.
Brazil
22.
Ibiza
23.
The Republic of Ireland
24.
Vienna
25.
The Philippines
26.
The Czech Republic
27.
The West Indies
Lección 7ª: Caso posesivo ('s) versus "of + sustantivo"
Gramática
1.- El caso posesivo ('s) se utiliza:
a) Si el poseeedor es una persona o un animal:
My father's car
The tiger's teeth
b) Con organizaciones o grupos de personas (aunque la otra estructura también es
posible):
Trade union's elections (= the elections of the trade unions)
The company's result (= the results of the company)
c) Con lugares:
The village's church
Spain's surface
d) Con expresiones de tiempo: today, tomorrow, yesterday, week...
This week's trip
Monday's meeting
Si el sustantivo es singular se pone ('s), si es plural se pone un apóstrofe al final de la
palabra ( ' ):
My brother's car / My brothers' car
The manager's bonus / The managers' bonus
2.- Cuando el poseedor es un objeto o un ser inanimado se utiliza normalmente la
estructura "of + sustantivo":
The price of the house
The depth of the river
Exercises
1.- Ordena las palabres entre paréntesis , utilizando la estructura del apóstrofe "'s" o
de la preposición " ___ of ___" según convenga:
1.
(the / bodyguards / palace)
2.
(motorbike / son / the)
3.
(parents / cousin / the)
4.
(strategy / government / the)
5.
(attack / terrorist / Madrid)
6.
(exams / the / week)
7.
(the / book / end)
8.
(leader / the / party )
9.
(habits / neighbours / the)
10.
(news / evening / the)
11.
(the / equipment / soldier)
12.
(horns / the / bull )
13.
(colour / the / sea)
14.
(the / illness / friend )
15.
(the / traffic / morning / jam)
16.
(the / plane / wings)
17.
(team / coach / the)
18.
(constitution / Europe)
19.
(gleam / the / mirror)
20.
(daughter / Mr / Wilson )
21.
(food / horse / the)
22.
(the / car / tyres)
23.
(salaries / my / colleagues )
24.
(building / age / the)
25.
(capital / my / country )
Exercises
1.- Ordena las palabres entre paréntesis , utilizando la estructura del apóstrofe "'s" o
de la preposición " ___ of ___" según convenga:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
The palace's bodyguards
2.
The son's motorbike
3.
The cousin's parents
4.
The government's strategy
5.
Madrid's terrorist attack
6.
The week's exams
7.
The end of the book
8.
The party's leader
9.
The neighbours' habits
10.
The evening's news
11.
The soldier's equipment
12.
The bull's horns
13.
The colour of the sea
14.
The friend's illness
15.
The morning's traffic jam
16.
The wings of the plane
17.
The team's coach
18.
Europe's constitution
19.
The gleam of the mirror
20.
Mr Wilson's daughter
21.
The horse's food
22.
The tyres of the car
23.
My colleagues' salaries
24.
The age of the building
25.
My country's capital
Lección 8ª: "of + sustantivo" versus "compound nouns"
Gramática
En algunos casos sólo una de estas estructuras es posible; en otros ambas son posibles.
En caso de duda es preferible utilizar la estructura "of + sustantivo".
A continuación se recogen las reglas generales, si bien hay excepciones.
1.- "of + sustantivo"
a) Cuando el poseedor es un objeto o un ser inanimado:
The name of the street
The temperature of the water
b) Cuando el poseedor es una persona o un animal pero va seguido por una oración
subordinada que lo define:
The car of the man who lives beside me
The claws of the cat that attacked my son
2.- Compound nouns
La estructura: "sustantivo A + sustantivo B" se utiliza cuando:
a) El "sustantivo A" representa el objeto del que forma parte el "sustantivo B":
Museum entry
Shop window
b) El "sustantivo A" señala el lugar en el que se encuentra el "sustantivo B":
Beach bar
City theatre
c) El "sustantivo A" señala el tiempo al que corresponde el "sustantivo B":
Winter festival
Sunday mass
d) El "sustantivo A" indica el material del que está hecho el "sustantivo B":
Gold ring
Silver cufflinks
e) El "sustantivo A" indica la finalidad del "sustantivo B":
Tennis racket
Boxing gloves
f) El "sustantivo A" da información sobre el "sustantivo B":
Car park
Bus ticket
Exercises
1.- Une las palabras entre paréntesis utilizando la estructura "of + (the) noun" o
"compound nouns" según convenga:
1.
(tournament / summer)
2.
(number / victims)
3.
(engine / car)
4.
(bottle / plastic)
5.
(school / driving)
6.
(airport / city)
7.
(tie / silk)
8.
(course / winter)
9.
(colour / sky)
10.
(centre / town)
11.
(cost / life)
12.
(belt / safety)
13.
(lenght / beach)
14.
(roof / house)
15.
(toilet / restaurant)
16.
(shorts / boxer)
17.
(bridge / river)
18.
(bag / tea)
19.
(gate / iron)
20.
(level / sea)
21.
(bill / telephone)
22.
(shade / tree)
23.
(shop / shoe)
24.
(weight / box)
25.
(evening / Saturday)
Exercises
1.- Une las palabras entre paréntesis utilizando la estructura "of + (the) noun" o
"compound nouns" según convenga:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Summer tournament
2.
Number of victims
3.
Car engine
4.
Plastic bottle
5.
Driving school
6.
City airport
7.
Silk tie
8.
Winter course
9.
Colour of the sky
10.
Town centre
11.
Cost of life
12.
Safety belt
13.
Length of the beach
14.
House roof
15.
Restaurant toilet
16.
Boxer shorts
17.
River bridge
18.
Tea bag
19.
Iron gate
20.
Level of the sea
21.
Telephone bill
22.
Shade of the tree
23.
Shoe shop
24.
Weight of the box
25.
Saturday evening
Lección 9ª: Orden de los adjetivos
Gramática
Cuando 2 o más adjetivos acompañan a un sustantivo el orden de su colocación es el
siguiente:
1.- Adjetivos subjetivos:
Expresan una opinión personal:
beautiful, ugly, nice, lovely, friendly, elegant, useful...
2.- Adjetivos objetivos
Definen propiedades objetivas del sustantivo. Estos a su vez siguen el siguiente orden,
si bien cabe cierta flexibilidad:
a) Tamaño:
big, small, huge, great, medium...
(excepto "little" que iría en el mismo lugar que los que expresan edad)
b) Aspectos generales:
sporty, dirty, quiet, expensive, healthy, strong...
c) Edad:
old, new, adult, young... (también "little")
d) Forma:
round, square, hexagonal, wide, narrow...
e) Personalidad:
shy, ambitious, humble, arrogant...
f) Color:
red, yellow, blue...
g) Material:
plastic, wooden, metallic, woollen...
h) Origen:
Russian, Spanish, European...
Exercises
1.- Escribe las siguientes frases, poniendo en orden los adjetivos entre paréntesis
(separa los adjetivos con una coma, salvo el último)
1.
A ________ woman (Spanish / nice /
old)
2.
A ________ table (square / big /
wooden)
3.
A ________ carpet (Russian / yellow
/ rectangular)
4.
A ________ beach (beautiful / quiet /
long)
5.
A ________ car (Italian / fast / red)
6.
An ________ girl (cheerful / young /
attractive)
7.
A ________ painting (Spanish /
modern / marvellous)
8.
An ________ book (old / interesting /
German)
9.
An ________ watch (golden / old /
Swiss)
10.
A ________ diamond (hexagonal /
expensive / big )
11.
A ________ man (tall / blond / good-
looking)
12.
A ________ bucket (plastic / grey /
big)
13.
A ________ house (typical / wooden
/ Swedish)
14.
A ________ tie (Italian / silky / red)
15.
A ________ street (picturesque /
narrow / city centre)
16.
A ________ friend (French / old /
close)
17.
A ________ church (small / cosy /
catholic)
18.
A ________ singer (romantic / Irish /
young)
19.
A ________ train (new / Japanese /
speedy)
20.
A ________ dish (Turkish /
traditional / delicious)
21.
A ________ shirt (woollen / cheap /
red)
22.
A ________ film (Italian / successful
/ old)
23.
An ________ holiday (one-week /
unforgettable / expensive)
24.
A ________ boy (thin / red-haired /
naughty)
25.
A ________ racket (old / wooden /
fantastic)
Exercises
1.- Escribe las siguientes frases, poniendo en orden los adjetivos entre paréntesis
(separa los adjetivos con una coma, salvo el último)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
A nice, old, Spanish woman
2.
A big, square, wooden table
3.
A rectangular, yellow, Russian
carpet
4.
A beautiful, long, quiet beach
5.
A fast, red, Italian car
6.
An attractive, young, cheerful girl
7.
A marvellous, modern, Spanish
painting
8.
An interesting, old, German book
9.
An old, golden, Swiss watch
10.
A big, expensive, hexagonal
diamond
11.
A good-looking, tall, blond man
12.
A big, grey, plastic bucket
13.
A typical, wooden, Swedish house
14.
A red, silky, Italian tie
15.
A picturesque, city centre, narrow
street
16.
A close, old, French friend
17.
A cosy, small, catholic church
18.
A romantic, young, Irish singer
19.
A speedy, new, Japanese train
20.
A delicious, traditional, Turkish
dish
21.
A cheap, red, woollen shirt
22.
A successful, old, Italian film
23.
An unforgettable, one-week,
expensive holiday
24.
A naughty, thin, red-haired boy
25.
A fantastic, old, wooden racket
Lección 10ª: Posición del adverbio en la oración
Gramática
A continuación se indican las reglas generales sobre la colocación del adverbio en la
oración, si bien hay numerosas excepciones
1.- Adverbio de modo
Ejemplos:
carefully, honestly, quickly, silently, happily, quietly, well, badly...
Se coloca detrás del verbo:
She eats quickly
O si la oración lleva complemento, detrás de éste. Nunca entre el verbo y el
complemento:
She eats the apple quickly
La regla anterior varía si el complemento va precedido de una preposición, ya que
entonces el adverbio se puede colocar delante de la preposición o detrás del
complemento:
He looks for his keys desperately
He looks desperately for his keys
Si el objeto es una oración el adverbio se suele colocar delante del verbo:
He carefully looks after all the children that live with him
2.- Adverbio de lugar
Ejemplos:
down, up, everywhere, nowhere, here, there, somewhere, away, inside, upstairs...
El adverbio se coloca detrás del verbo (si no lleva complemento):
He went abroad
O si la oración lleva complemento, detrás de éste.
He sent his son abroad
Si el complemento va precedido de una preposición se coloca igualmente detrás de
dicho complemento:
He went with his wife abroad
3.- Adverbio de tiempo
Ejemplos:
soon, lately, today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, afterwards, recently, yet, still...
Se puede colocar al principio o al final de la oración:
Yesterday I played tennis
I played tennis yesterday
4.- Adverbio de freuencia
Ejemplos:
always, never, often, frequently, twice, seldom, once, sometimes, usually...
Su colocación va a depender del verbo:
a) Con verbos simples:
a.1) Verbo "to be": detrás del verbo:
He is always at home
a.2) Otros verbos: delante del verbo:
He never answers the phone
b) Con verbos compuestos: detrás del auxiliar:
He has often travelled to England
c) Con oraciones interrogativas: auxiliar+sujeto+adverbio
Do you play tennis often?
d) Con oraciones negativas: detrás del auxiliar:
I haven't ever danced Rock & Roll
5.- Adverbios de oración
Son aquellos adverbios que matizan el sentido completo de la oración. Expresan la
opinión del emisor.
Ejemplos:
evidently, probably, apparently, clearly, certainly, naturally, luckily, officially...
Regla general: puede ir al principio o al final de la oración (en ocasiones algunos de
ellos también pueden ir en posiciones intermedias).
Evidently your car is one of the most expensive in the market
Your car is one of the most expensive in the market, evidently
Naturally you can do whatever you want
You can do whatever you want, naturally
6.- Adverbios de grado
Ejemplos:
much, very, quite, pretty, nearly, rather, completely, rarely, entirely, almost,
extremely...
Se coloca delante del verbo, adverbio o adjetivo al que modifica.
Si el verbo es compuesto se coloca detrás del auxiliar.
He is completely crazy
She plays tennis quite well
He almost died from tuberculosis
This couple have completely finished their relationship
Exercises
1.- Escribe nuevamente las siguientes frases incluyendo en el lugar correspondiente el
adverbio que figura entre paréntesis (además de la solución que aquí se da podría
haber en algunos casos alguna otra alternativa)
1.
The kids play and it is impossible to
sleep (noisily)
2.
Henry will know the results of his
maths exam (soon)
3.
You can´t find that book. It is not
published any more (anywhere)
4.
My boss is travelling abroad (always)
5.
I felt very sick and had to call the
doctor (recently)
6.
My client answered all the questions
the judge asked him (correctly)
7.
Tomorrow the weather will be a little
bit better (perhaps)
8.
The parents waited for their
daughter (impatiently)
9.
This flat is in a worse condition than
we expected (certainly)
10.
Your brother isn't. I think he left one
hour ago (upstairs)
11.
My son behaves badly. I am
desperate (always)
12.
John is not here; he has gone
(downstairs)
13.
This man is crazy. We should call
the police (completely)
14.
My girlfriend arrived at the party
(very late)
15.
Emma has finished her homework
(almost)
16.
The dog ran with the ball in its
mouth (away)
17.
He didn't go to work because he had
a very bad toothache (yesterday)
18.
Linda has been very friendly with us
and I don't know the reason (never)
19.
I haven't seen my neighbours;
probably they are away (lately)
20.
Caroline is thin and should go to the
doctor (extremely)
21.
His secretary answers the phone and
it is impossible to contact him
(never)
22.
The mother looks at her baby
(affectionately)
23.
The cause of this accident has been a
human error (officially)
24.
I can´t find your brother (anywhere)
25.
We have paid our telephone bills
(periodically)
26.
I have understood your explanation;
could you repeat it again? (hardly)
27.
My daughter listens to music
(silently)
28.
That man is drunk; he cannot drive
in this condition (completely)
29.
He decided to leave his job and he
moved away (eventually)
Exercises
1.- Escribe nuevamente las siguientes frases incluyendo en el lugar correspondiente el
adverbio que figura entre paréntesis (además de la solución que aquí se da podría
haber en algunos casos alguna otra alternativa)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
The kids play noisily and it is
impossible to sleep
2.
Henry will know the results of his
maths exam soon
3.
You can´t find that book anywhere.
It is not published any more
4.
My boss is always travelling abroad
5.
Recently I felt very sick and had to
call the doctor
6.
My client correctly answered all the
questions the judge asked him
7.
Perhaps tomorrow the weather will
be a little bit better
8.
The parents waited for their
daughter impatiently
9.
Certainly this flat is in a worse
condition than we expected
10.
Your brother isn't upstairs. I think
he left one hour ago
11.
My son always behaves badly. I am
desperate
12.
John is not here; he has gone
downstairs
13.
This man is completely crazy. We
should call the police
14.
My girlfriend arrived at the party
very late
15.
Emma has almost finished her
homework
16.
The dog ran away with the ball in its
mouth
17.
Yesterday he didn't go to work
because he had a very bad toothache
18.
Linda has never been very friendly
with us and I don't know the reason
19.
I haven't seen my neighbours lately;
probably they are away
20.
Caroline is extremely thin and
should go to the doctor
21.
His secretary never answers the
phone and it is impossible to contact
him
22.
The mother looks at her baby
affectionately
23.
Officially the cause of this accident
has been a human error
24.
I can´t find your brother anywhere
25.
We have periodically paid our
telephone bills
26.
I have hardly understood your
explanation; could you repeat it
again?
27.
My daughter listens to music silently
28.
That man is completely drunk; he
cannot drive in this condition
29.
Eventually he decided to leave his
job and he moved away
Exercises
1.- Escribe nuevamente las siguientes frases incluyendo en el lugar correspondiente el
adverbio que figura entre paréntesis (además de la solución que aquí se da podría
haber en algunos casos alguna otra alternativa)
1.
It is better to postpone our decision
about the sale of the company
(definitely)
2.
My father signed the documents that
his lawyer presented him
(reluctantly)
3.
He has been accused of smuggling
(apparently)
4.
We are flying to Paris with our
friends (today)
5.
Sally has answered two questions out
of ten (only)
6.
Mark has gone to get the dictionary
(upstairs)
7.
Your boss wants to see you (at once)
8.
I cannot carry that trunk; it is heavy
for me (too)
9.
The kid eats the biscuits (anxiously)
10.
The accused will be sentenced to life
imprisonment (presumably)
11.
I have seen that film and I really
liked it (somewhere)
12.
He has spent his holidays in Greece
(frequently)
13.
She doesn't like me. Even more, she
detests me (clearly)
14.
The couple danced when the music
stopped (happily)
15.
I have very strong headaches
(sometimes)
16.
Don't worry, you will receive your
money (soon)
17.
I haven't finished my homework
(yet)
18.
She plays golf well (extremely)
19.
The boy threw the ball and hit a
pedestrian (outside)
20.
Alice won the golden medal in the
marathon (almost)
21.
She will come with us to the party
(probably)
22.
They live with two dogs and one cat
(downstairs)
23.
George has done his exam well and I
am sure that he will pass it (pretty)
24.
This house is much more expensive
than the old one (naturally)
25.
We will have a very important
meeting with our president
(tomorrow)
26.
Diana hid the box, where noone
could find it (downstairs)
27.
Your mother doesn't want to buy you
a motorbike (obviously)
28.
My son read the book while I
watched TV (attentively)
Exercises
1.- Escribe nuevamente las siguientes frases incluyendo en el lugar correspondiente el
adverbio que figura entre paréntesis (además de la solución que aquí se da podría
haber en algunos casos alguna otra alternativa)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Definitely it is better to postpone our
decision about the sale of the
company
2.
My father reluctantly signed the
documents that his lawyer presented
him
3.
Apparently he has been accused of
smuggling
4.
Today we are flying to Paris with our
friends
5.
Sally has only answered two
questions out of ten
6.
Mark has gone upstairs to get the
dictionary
7.
Your boss wants to see you at once
8.
I cannot carry that trunk; it is too
heavy for me
9.
The kid eats the biscuits anxiously
10.
Presumably the accused will be
sentenced to life imprisonment
11.
I have seen that film somewhere and
I really liked it
12.
He has frequently spent his holidays
in Greece
13.
Clearly she doesn't like me. Even
more, she detests me
14.
The couple danced happily when the
music stopped
15.
I sometimes have very strong
headaches
16.
Don't worry, you will receive your
money soon
17.
I haven't finished my homework yet
18.
She plays golf extremely well
19.
The boy threw the ball outside and
hit a pedestrian
20.
Alice almost won the golden medal
in the marathon
21.
Probably she will come with us to the
party
22.
They live downstairs with two dogs
and one cat
23.
George has done his exam pretty
well and I am sure that he will pass it
24.
Naturally this house is much more
expensive than the old one
25.
Tomorrow we will have a very
important meeting with our president
26.
Diana hid the box downstairs, where
noone could find it
27.
Obviously your mother doesn't want
to buy you a motorbike
28.
My son read the book attentively
while I watched TV
Lección 11ª: Verbos seguidos de infinitivo / gerundio
Gramática
Cuando un verbo va acompañado por otro, este segundo puede ir en:
Infinitivo
Infinitivo (sin "to")
Gerundio
Ejemplos:
Last summer we decided to go to the beach
We can speak English fluently
I hate driving at night
Hay una serie de verbos que cuando van acompañados por otro este segundo va en
gerundio:
Admit / Appreciate / Avoid / Consider / Delay / Deny / Detest / Excuse / Finish /
Forgive / Imagine / Keep (=continue) / Miss / Postpone / Practise / Prevent /
Propose(=suggest) / Regret / Resist / Risk / Stop / Suggest / Understand
Veamos algunos ejemplos:
When I lost my job I postponed buying a new house
After the heart attack my father stopped smoking
My boss told me that he is considering promoting me for the new post
If you drive when you are drunk you risk losing your driving licence
The detainee admitted doing business with the mafia
También suelen ir seguidos de gerundios los siguientes verbos:
Like / Dislike / Hate / Love / Enjoy / Mind
Ejemplos:
I like travelling with my girlfriend
I hate tidying my bedroom
I enjoy dancing
I don´t mind going to English classes
El verbo "like" puede también ir seguido por un infinitivo pero el significado es
diferente:
to like + gerundio: disfrutar
to like + infinitivo: querer hacer algo porque considero que es positivo
I like playing tennis
I like to do my homework on Saturday mornings
Algunos de los verbos anteriores si va precedido del auxiliar "would" pide entonces un
infinitivo:
Would like to…
Would love to…
Would hate to…
Would prefer to …
I would like to visit Paris
I would love to go out for dinner tonight!
I would hate to spend the summer in Seville
I would prefer to go to the cinema than go to the gym
Los siguientes verbos, si van acompañados por otro, este segundo va en infinitivo:
Agree / Appear / Arrange / Ask / Choose / Claim / Decide / Decline / Demand / Fail /
Forget / Happen / Hesitate / Hope / Learn / Manage / Offer / Plan / Prepare / Pretend /
Promise / Refuse / Remember / Seem / Swear / Threaten
Ejemplos:
He agreed to help me with my homework
She promised to phone her mother
My brother decided to sell his car
El verbo "try" puede ir seguido de infinitivo o gerundio pero con distinto significado:
+ infinitivo: hacer un esfuerzo
+ gerundio: probar algo en plan experimento
I will try to wash my car before lunch
I tried calling my girlfriend with this mobile but it didn't work
La expression "I am afraid" puede ir seguida de:
Infinitivo: no quiero hacer algo porque creo que es peligroso
"of + gerundio": existe la posibilidad de que algo malo me ocurra
I am afraid to climb up the tree
When I drive through the centre of town I am afraid of having an accident
Exercises
1.- Escribe (únicamente) el verbo entre paréntesis en infinitivo o en gerundio según
convenga
1.
I hope ________ my studies this
year (to finish)
2.
She promised ________ to me
during her trip (to write)
3.
My boss postponed ________ a
decision about my promotion (to
make)
4.
I learned ________ English at
school (to speak)
5.
My son detests ________ his
medicine (to take)
6.
I dislike ________ up early,
especially on Monday (to get)
7.
The police pretended ________ the
terrorist at the border (to arrest)
8.
The old couple swore ________ a
formal complaint against the hotel
(to make)
9.
After my injury I missed ________
tennis a lot (to play)
10.
Forgive me for ________ you but
your boss wants to see you
immediately (to interrupt)
11.
I imagine ________ a sailing boat
and travelling around the world (to
have)
12.
She decided ________ her holidays
in Italy (to spend)
13.
When the teacher entered the
classroom the students stopped
________ a noise (to make)
14.
Driving so fast he risks ________
an accident (to have)
15.
The company postponed ________
its American franchise (to sell)
16.
My sister agrees ________ me
money for my new house (to lend)
17.
The fire brigade decided ________
the fire with two helicopters (to
extinguish)
18.
I completely detest ________ to the
beach on Sundays; they are totally
crowded (to go)
19.
Last weekend I tried ________ from
Madrid to Seville without stopping
(to drive)
20.
You must remember ________ your
mum before leaving (to call)
21.
Every morning my dad likes
________ the newspaper during his
breakfast (to read)
22.
I am afraid ________ to the boat; it
is too far for me (to swim)
23.
I will try ________ the washing
machine this afternoon (to repair)
24.
My girlfriend dislikes ________ the
dishes (to wash)
25.
The thief admitted ________ the
bag (to steal)
Exercises
1.- Escribe (únicamente) el verbo entre paréntesis en infinitivo o en gerundio según
convenga
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I hope to finish my studies this year
2.
She promised to write to me during
her trip
3.
My boss postponed making a
decision about my promotion
4.
I learned to speak English at school
5.
My son detests taking his medicine
6.
I dislike getting up early, especially
on Monday
7.
The police pretended to arrest the
terrorist at the border
8.
The old couple swore to make a
formal complaint against the hotel
9.
After my injury I missed playing
tennis a lot
10.
Forgive me for interrupting you but
your boss wants to see you
immediately
11.
I imagine having a sailing boat and
travelling around the world
12.
She decided to spend her holidays in
Italy
13.
When the teacher entered the
classroom the students stopped
making a noise
14.
Driving so fast he risks having an
accident
15.
The company postponed selling its
American franchise
16.
The fire brigade decided to
extinguish the fire with two
helicopters
17.
My sister agrees to lend me money
for my new house
18.
I completely detest going to the
beach on Sundays; they are totally
crowded
19.
Last weekend I tried to drive from
Madrid to Seville without stopping
20.
You must remember to call your
mum before leaving
21.
Every morning my dad likes reading
the newspaper during his breakfast
22.
I am afraid to swim to the boat; it is
too far for me
23.
I will try to repair the washing
machine this afternoon
24.
My girlfriend dislikes washing the
dishes
25.
The thief admitted stealing the bag
Lección 12ª: Some / Any
Gramática
Ambos adjetivos se traducen por "algo de", "algunos".
Regla general:
"Some": se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas.
"Any": se utiliza en oraciones negativas o interrogativas.
Particularidades:
"Some": se utiliza a veces en preguntas:
a) Que suponen ofrecimiento.
Do you want some wine?
Can I give you some advice?
b) Cuando se espera casi con toda seguridad una respuesta afirmativa.
Can I have some biscuits?
"Any" se utiliza a veces:
a) En oraciones afirmativas con el significado de "cualquiera".
Any kid would have behaved like that
You can pick any of these books
You can go anywhere you want
b) En oraciones condicionales con el significado de "alguien, algo, alguna cosa".
If anyone ask for me, please tell them I will be back soon
If anything happens, please call me immediately
If I had any money I would buy a new car
Exercises
1.- Indica en cuales de las siguientes oraciones hay que utilizar "some" y en cuales
"any":
1.
I have seen ________ dogs
running after the postman
2.
Dou you have ________ books
on French culture?
3.
Can I have ________ ice-cream
please?
4.
You don't have ________ idea
about the real situation of this
company
5.
Could you lend me ________
money please? I really need it
6.
I have seen ________ films
about the assassination of JFK
7.
I couldn't find ________
explanations for his behaviour
8.
Have you received ________
letters from your brother?
9.
If I have ________ doubt, I will
ask you for help
10.
I haven't found ________
friends at the party
11.
I have bought ________ discs
for my father
12.
Did I receive ________ calls
when I was out?
13.
If I had ________ problem I
would call you
14.
________ of those suspects
could have been the assassin
15.
Do you want ________ coffee?
Yes, please
16.
Mum, can I invite ________
friends to my birthday please?
17.
When I was young I did
________ sports
18.
I don't have ________ souvenirs
from Greece
19.
________ houses have been
destroyed by the fire
20.
The police didn't find ________
clues in the flat
21.
Could I have ________ water
please?
22.
You must agree with me that
________ politicians don't
behave ethically
Exercises
1.- Indica en cuales de las siguientes oraciones hay que utilizar "some" y en
cuales "any":
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I have seen some dogs running
after the postman
2.
Dou you have any books on
French culture?
3.
Can I have some ice-cream
please?
4.
You don't have any idea about
the real situation of this company
5.
Could you lend me some money
please? I really need it
6.
I have seen some films about the
assassination of JFK
7.
I couldn't find any explanations
for his behaviour
8.
Have you received any letters
from your brother?
9.
If I have any doubt, I will ask you
for help
10.
I haven't found any friends at the
party
11.
I have bought some discs for my
father
12.
Did I receive any calls when I
was out?
13.
If I had any problem I would call
you
14.
Any of those suspects could have
been the assassin
15.
Do you want some coffee? Yes,
please
16.
Mum, can I invite some friends to
my birthday please?
17.
When I was young I did some
sports
18.
I don't have any souvenirs from
Greece
19.
Some houses have been destroyed
by the fire
20.
The police didn't find any clues
in the flat
21.
Could I have some water please?
22.
You must agree with me that
some politicians don't behave
ethically
Gramática Lección 13ª: Much / Many / Little / Few / A lot of
1.- "much" / "many" / "a lot of" se traducen por "mucho".
Las reglas que se aplican son las siguientes, si bien cabe cierta flexibilidad:
a) En oraciones afirmativas: "a lot of"
b) En oraciones negativas e interrogativas:
b.1) Con sustantivos contables: "many"
many books, many coins, many girls...
b.2) Con sustantivos incontables: "much"
much time, much effort, much energy
2.- "little" / "few" se traducen por "poco".
a) Con sustantivos contables: "few"
few books, few pencils, few tickets...
b) Con sustantivos "incontables": "little"
little sugar, little rain, little water...
Ejemplos:
She is very friendly and has a lot of friends
I don't have many paintings in my flat
When you were unemployed, did you receive much help from your family?
This bookshop has few books about Spanish history
There is little hope that the hostage will be released
Exercises
1.- Indica en cuales de las siguientes oraciones hay que utilizar "much" /
"many" / "little" / "few" o "a lot of":
1.
There are ________ people who
prefer to work part-time
2.
We don't have ________ time to
listen to your arguments
3.
You need ________ time to
finish your homework
4.
Look at the sky! You can see
________ birds flying
southwards
5.
Have you received ________
letters from your friend?
6.
________ people know that you
worked abroad for ten years
7.
I can see that you have ________
interest in helping me
8.
________ cars can go more than
300 km per hour
9.
There were ________ foreigners
in that village last summer?
10.
I am very busy; I have ________
things to do
11.
Mark is not a millionaire. I am
sure he doesn't have ________
money
12.
I put a ________ bit of sugar in
my coffee because I don't like it
very sweet
13.
Peter has a stomach ache and
that is because he ate ________
biscuits
14.
He didn't have ________ luck.
He lost all his money in the
casino
15.
It is a very small car park; it
allows ________ cars
16.
We haven't had ________ rain
during this year
17.
I have ________ books on the
Second World War
18.
He made ________ effort to win
the race
19.
Martin doesn't eat ________
meat because he thinks that that
is unhealthy
20.
Do you have ________ friends in
England?
21.
He was very furious and said
________ nonsense
22.
________ people can agree with
your point of view about
immigration
23.
After ________ attempts he
could cross the river
24.
In the morning you can see
________ people running to the
beach
25.
He found ________ support in
his family when he got divorced
Exercises
1.- Indica en cuales de las siguientes oraciones hay que utilizar "much" /
"many" / "little" / "few" o "a lot of":
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
There are a lot of people who
prefer to work part-time
2.
We don't have much time to
listen to your arguments
3.
You need a lot of time to finish
your homework
4.
Look at the sky! You can see a
lot of birds flying southwards
5.
Have you received many letters
from your friend?
6.
Few people know that you
worked abroad for ten years
7.
I can see that you have little
interest in helping me
8.
Few cars can go more than 300
km per hour
9.
There were many foreigners in
that village last summer?
10.
I am very busy; I have a lot of
things to do
11.
Mark is not a millionaire. I am
sure he doesn't have much
money
12.
I put a little bit of sugar in my
coffee because I don't like it
very sweet
13.
Peter has a stomach ache and
that is because he ate a lot of
biscuits
14.
He didn't have much luck. He
lost all his money in the casino
15.
It is a very small car park; it
allows few cars
16.
We haven't had much rain
during this year
17.
I have a lot of books on the
Second World War
18.
He made little effort to win the
race
19.
Martin doesn't eat much meat
because he thinks that that is
unhealthy
20.
Do you have many friends in
England?
21.
He was very furious and said a
lot of nonsense
22.
Few people can agree with your
point of view about immigration
23.
After a lot of attempts he could
cross the river
24.
In the morning you can see a lot
of people running to the beach
25.
He found little support in his
family when he got divorced
Lección 14ª: No-one / Anyone / Nobody / Anybody...
Gramática
Los pronombres "no-one" / "anyone" / "nobody" / "anybody" / "nothing" /
"anything"... tienen todos ellos significado negativo.
Como regla general:
a) "no-one" / "nobody" / "nothing" / "nowhere" / "no+sustantivo" se
utilizan con oraciones afirmativas y se suelen colocar al comienzo de la
oración.
b) "anyone" / "anybody" / "anything" / "anywhere" / "any+sustantivo" se
utilizan con verbos negativos y se suelen colocar a mitad o al final de la
oración.
Ejemplos:
Nothing was decided in our last meeting
No-one called you last night
Last weekend I went nowhere because the weather was terrible
I have been looking for my mother but I haven't found her anywhere
I haven't seen anyone in your office
My company hasn´t done anything in relation with the Kioto Protocol
Exercises
1.- Indica en cuales de las siguientes oraciones hay que utilizar "no-one" /
"anyone" / "nobody" / "anybody" / "nothing" / "anything" / "nowhere" /
"anywhere" / "no" o "any":
1.
________ will vote for a party
with such extremist ideologies
2.
You won't find ________ who
wants to support your party
3.
Nowadays you cannot travel
________ without a credit card
4.
________ you will find people
so friendly like in my country
5.
________ can help you to solve
that problem; you have to do it
yourself
6.
I haven't found ________
interesting in that bookshop
7.
________ information was
given when the flight was
delayed
8.
________ wrote to me while I
was in Finland
9.
I feel a little bit embarrassed
because I haven't brought
________ for the party
10.
You can trust me. I won't tell
your secret to ________
11.
________ complained when the
flight was delayed
12.
I cannot find ________
explanation for his behaviour
13.
________ told me that you
called last night
14.
________ the kids are better
than in the school
15.
________ is more important
than health
16.
Kevin hasn't phoned ________
this morning
17.
James is not going ________
this summer; he will stay here
18.
________ was arrested by the
police after the robbery
19.
________ good has happened to
me in the last two weeks
20.
________ will buy your car; it is
too old and in a very bad
condition
21.
The accused didn't answer
________ questions during the
interrogation
22.
I didn't hear ________ noise
last night; the thieves entered
my flat very quietly
23.
My sister didn't write to
________ while she was in
Ireland
24.
I don't know ________ who
speaks Russian
25.
________ knows that you have
been promoted to general
manager
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Nobody will vote for a party
with such extremist ideologies
2.
You won't find anybody who
wants to support your party
3.
Nowadays you cannot travel
anywhere without a credit card
4.
Nowhere you will find people so
friendly like in my country
5.
No-one can help you to solve
that problem; you have to do it
yourself
6.
I haven't found anything
interesting in that bookshop
7.
No information was given when
the flight was delayed
8.
Nobody wrote to me while I was
in Finland
9.
I feel a little bit embarrassed
because I haven't brought
anything for the party
10.
You can trust me. I won't tell
your secret to anyone
11.
Nobody complained when the
flight was delayed
12.
I cannot find any explanation
for his behaviour
13.
No-one told me that you called
last night
14.
Nowhere the kids are better
than in the school
15.
Nothing is more important than
health
16.
Kevin hasn't phoned anyone
this morning
17.
James is not going anywhere
this summer; he will stay here
18.
No-one was arrested by the
police after the robbery
19.
Nothing good has happened to
me in the last two weeks
20.
No-one will buy your car; it is
too old and in a very bad
condition
21.
The accused didn't answer any
questions during the
interrogation
22.
I didn't hear any noise last
night; the thieves entered my
flat very quietly
23.
My sister didn't write to anyone
while she was in Ireland
24.
I don't know anyone who speaks
Russian
25.
No-one knows that you have
been promoted to general
manager
Lección 15ª: Respuestas cortas
Gramática
Su estructura es la siguiente:
So am I / Neither am I
So do I / Neither do I
So can I / Neither can I
....
Se utilizan para expresar coincidencia con lo manifestado por el interlocutor.
a) Si éste realiza una afirmación, la coincidencia se manifiesta con las
expresiones:
"So am I" / "So do I" / "So can I" / "So have I"
(El utilizar una u otra dependerá del verbo de la oración principal)
b) Si por el contrario éste realiza una negación, la coincidencia se manifiesta
con las expresiones:
"Neither am I" / "Neither do I" / "Neither can I" / "Neither have I"
En el caso de la negación se puede utilizar también una estructura
alternativa:
"I am not either" / "I do not either" / "I can not either" / "I have not either"
El verbo que se utiliza en estas respuestas es el auxiliar de la oración
principal:
(Peter) I can play tennis / (John) So can I
(Peter) I haven't been to Paris / (John) Neither have I
(Peter) I study French / (John) So do I
El verbo de estas respuestas va en el mismo tiempo que el de la oración
principal:
(Peter) I was in Germany last November / (John) So was I
(Peter) I won't play football this Sunday / (John) Neither will I
(Peter) I worked in a bank last summer / (John) So did I
El sujeto es siempre un pronombre personal:
(Peter) I am going to the cinema / (John) So is she
(refiriéndose a una tercera persona que por el contexto ambos interlocutores
conocen)
(Peter) I finish my studies this year / (John) So do we
Exercises
1.- Contesta las siguientes oraciones utilizando una respuesta corta (primera
persona del singular):
1.
I like football a lot. ________
2.
I didn't go to that concert.
________
3.
I can speak English fluently.
________
4.
I have read that book. ________
5.
I am fed up with his critics.
________
6.
I don't feel well today. ________
7.
He did his homework. ________
8.
I could get a ticket for the flight.
________
9.
I cannot fix my bike. ________
10.
I went to the beach last Sunday.
________
11.
I have tidied my bedroom.
________
12.
He couldn't finish the
marathon. ________
13.
I didn't pass the exam.
________
14.
He has played tennis this
afternoon. ________
15.
I haven't finished my breakfast.
________
16.
I feel very sad. ________
17.
I don't like his girlfriend.
________
18.
He liked your party a lot.
________
19.
I cannot lend him money.
________
20.
I haven't been invited to the
party. ________
21.
I have watered the garden.
________
22.
He arrived very late; I had
already left. ________
23.
I wasn't there when the bomb
exploded. ________
24.
He has spoken in the meeting.
________
25.
He isn't ready for the match.
________
Exercises
1.- Contesta las siguientes oraciones utilizando una respuesta corta (primera
persona del singular):
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I like football a lot. So do I
2.
I didn't go to that concert.
Neither did I
3.
I can speak English fluently. So
can I
4.
I have read that book. So have I
5.
I am fed up with his critics. So
am I
6.
I don't feel well today. Neither
do I
7.
He did his homework. So did I
8.
I could get a ticket for the flight.
So could I
9.
I cannot fix my bike. Neither
can I
10.
I went to the beach last Sunday.
So did I
11.
I have tidied my bedroom. So
have I
12.
He couldn't finish the
marathon. Neither could I
13.
I didn't pass the exam. Neither
did I
14.
He has played tennis this
afternoon. So have I
15.
I haven't finished my breakfast.
Neither have I
16.
I feel very sad. So do I
17.
I don't like his girlfriend.
Neither do I
18.
He liked your party a lot. So did
I
19.
I cannot lend him money.
Neither can I
20.
I haven't been invited to the
party. Neither have I
21.
I have watered the garden. So
have I
22.
He arrived very late; I had
already left. So had I
23.
I wasn't there when the bomb
exploded. Neither was I
24.
He has spoken in the meeting.
So have I
25.
He isn't ready for the match.
Neither am I
Lección 16ª: Question tags
Gramática
Son preguntas cortas que realiza el emisor al final de la oración con
intención de enfatizar.
You have finished your exam. Haven't you?
He doesn't speak German. Does he?
Se utilizan para:
a) Pedir confirmación.
b) Pedir información.
Ello va a depender de la entonación de la "question tag":
a) Entonación descendente: se pide al interlocutor confirmación de lo que
uno ha dicho (no es una pregunta, no se pide información).
You have been to Paris. Haven't you? (bajando el tono de voz)
El emisor está plenamente convencido de que su interlocutor ha estado en
París. Le pide (y espera) que se lo confirme.
b) Entonación ascendente: se pide información.
You haven't seen my brother . Have you? (subiendo el tono de voz)
El emisor no sabe si su interlocutor ha visto o no a su hermano. Espera que le
responda y que le facilite alguna información.
Por ejemplo:
- Yes, I have seen him one hour ago in the street
- No sorry, I haven't seen him
También se utilizan las "questions tags" con oraciones negativas pare
solicitar de modo informal pero cortés algún favor.
Youu couldn't bring me a glass of water. Could you?
¿Cómo se construye la "question tag"?
Su estructura es muy simple:
verbo auxiliar (de la oración principal) + pronombre personal
Your brother has bought a new car. Hasn't he?
My mother phoned me. Didn't she?
Your sister is in London. Isn't she?
You can play tennis. Can´t you?
Your brother will go with us to the cinema. Won't he?
El sujeto es siempre un pronombre.
Si la oración principal es afirmativa la "question tag" es negativa.
You are coming with us. Aren't you?
Y viceversa: si la oración principal es negativa la "question tag" es
afirmativa.
You are not coming with us. Are you?
Algunos casos particulares:
a) Con oraciones imperativas se utiliza como verbo auxiliar "will" y va en
afirmativo.
Open the door. Will you?
b)Con oraciones del tipo "Let us..." se utiliza como verbo auxilizar "shall" y
va en afirmativo.
Let's play tennis. Shall we?
Exercises
1.- Escribe las "questions tags" que completarían las siguientes oraciones:
1.
They were coming with you.
________
2.
Your friends will come to my
party. ________
3.
My sister has gone to the doctor.
________
4.
You haven't read that book.
________
5.
Let's go to the beach. ________
6.
Switch on the light, please.
________
7.
You made a lot of noise.
________
8.
You haven't finished your
homework. ________
9.
Your parents will come with us
to the theatre. ________
10.
Your sister is married. ________
11.
You enjoyed the party a lot.
________
12.
She didn't pass the exam.
________
13.
You have tidied your bedroom.
________
14.
Shut-up. ________
15.
Our boss has resigned.
________
16.
The workers have gone on
strike. ________
17.
It was a very good concert.
________
18.
The tournament started last
week. ________
19.
The plane crashed in the
mountains. ________
20.
When I arrived your brother
had already left. ________
21.
The bullfighter was very badly
injured. ________
22.
You couldn't help me with this
translation. ________
23.
The robbers escaped with the
loot. ________
24.
It was a brilliant speech.
________
25.
Peter phoned you last night.
________
Exercises
1.- Escribe las "questions tags" que completarían las siguientes oraciones:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
They were coming with you.
Weren't they?
2.
Your friends will come to my
party. Won't they?
3.
My sister has gone to the doctor.
Hasn't she?
4.
You haven't read that book.
Have you?
5.
Let's go to the beach. Shall we?
6.
Switch on the light, please. Will
you?
7.
You made a lot of noise. Didn't
you?
8.
You haven't finished your
homework. Have you?
9.
Your parents will come with us
to the theatre. Won't they?
10.
Your sister is married. Isn't
she?
11.
You enjoyed the party a lot.
Didn't you?
12.
She didn't pass the exam. Did
she?
13.
You have tidied your bedroom.
Haven't you?
14.
Shut-up. Will you?
15.
Our boss has resigned. Hasn't
he?
16.
The workers have gone on
strike. Haven't they?
17.
It was a very good concert.
Wasn't it?
18.
The tournament started last
week. Didn't it?
19.
The plane crashed in the
mountains. Didn't it?
20.
When I arrived your brother
had already left. Hadn't he?
21.
The bullfighter was very badly
injured. Wasn't he?
22.
You couldn't help me with this
translation. Could you?
23.
The robbers escaped with the
loot. Didn't they?
24.
It was a brilliant speech. Wasn't
it?
25.
Peter phoned you last night.
Didn't he?
Lección 17ª: "Present" versus "Present continuous"
Gramática
Ambos verbos se utilizan para describir acciones presentes, si bien con
diferentes matices.
a) Present continuous
a.1) Describe acciones que están ocurriendo en ese preciso momento.
I am reading the newspaper (lo estoy leyendo ahora)
a.2) También puede describir acciones que ocurren alrededor del momento
actual, aunque no precisamente ahora.
I am planning a trip to Egypt for this summer (por ejemplo, le estoy contando
a un amigo que estoy planeando un viaje; no es que lo esté planeando en ese
preciso momento)
b) Present simple
b.1) Describe acciones habituales, actuales, generales, que no tienen porqué
estar ocurriendo en ese preciso momento.
I work in a bank
I speak English very fluently
In Madrid people drive very fast
b.2) Describe también acciones que se repiten periódicamente, acciones
rutinarias.
Every morning I have a meeting with my boss at 8 o'clock
I play tennis every Sunday
Algunos verbos no se suelen utilizar en tiempo continuo, por lo que en estos
casos hay que emplear el "present simple":
Verbos que describen acciones de los sentidos: feel, hear, see, smell...
Verbos de sentimiento / emoción: like, love, hate, want, wish, fear, desire,
detest, dislike...
Verbos de acciones mentales: agree, believe, forget, know, remember, think
(=tener una opinion), understand, realize...
Verbos de posesión: belong, own, posess...
Por último, decir que estas dos formas verbales se emplean a veces para
describir acciones futuras.
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "present" o "present continuous"
según corresponda:
1.
I ________ French literature a
lot (to like)
2.
Where is your brother? My
brother ________ tennis with
James (to play)
3.
My neighbour is a cook; he
________ in a Mexican
restaurant (to work)
4.
Excuse me, but I cannot open
the door; I ________ a shower
(to have)
5.
The phone ________; John, can
you answer it, please? (to ring)
6.
Andrew, Why you ________ at
me? (to shout)
7.
My wife ________ occasionally,
mainly in parties (to smoke)
8.
My sister ________ the piano
like a professional (to play)
9.
Where is your husband? He
________ the car (to wash)
10.
Congratulations Paul!, Your
English ________ little by little
(to improve)
11.
She is a dancer; she ________
in the National Ballet (to
perform)
12.
Sorry, but at this moment I can
not contact my boss; he
________ to London (to fly)
13.
Where do you come from? I
________ from Jamaica (to
come)
14.
Chris, stop the car; the engine
________ a very strange noise
(to make)
15.
We ________ elections in my
country every four years (to
have)
16.
My kids ________ to bed at 9
o'clock (to go)
17.
In winter, it ________ almost
every day in Scotland (to rain)
18.
Alice is very religious; she
________ to mass every day (to
go)
19.
My mother ________ supper
ready (to get)
20.
In my country we ________ very
high taxes (to pay)
21.
You________ too fast; I can not
understand what you are saying
(to speak)
22.
My family ________ to the
beach every summer (to go)
23.
Peter is an economist; he
________ in a foreign bank (to
work)
24.
Please don't disturb him; he
________ his homework (to do)
25.
Margaret, look at that plane! It
________ down (to come)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "present" o "present continuous"
según corresponda:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I like French literature a lot
2.
Where is your brother? My
brother is playing tennis with
James
3.
My neighbour is a cook; he
works in a Mexican restaurant
4.
Excuse me, but I cannot open
the door; I'm having a shower
5.
The phone is ringing; John, can
you answer it, please?
6.
Andrew, Why are you shouting
at me?
7.
My wife smokes occasionally,
mainly in parties
8.
My sister plays the piano like a
professional
9.
Where is your husband? He is
washing the car
10.
Congratulations Paul!, Your
English is improving little by
little
11.
She is a dancer; she performs in
the National Ballet
12.
Sorry, but at this moment I can
not contact my boss; he is flying
to London
13.
Where do you come from? I
come from Jamaica
14.
Chris, stop the car; the engine is
making a very strange noise
15.
We have elections in my country
every four years
16.
My kids go to bed at 9 o'clock
17.
In winter, it rains almost every
day in Scotland
18.
Alice is very religious; she goes
to mass every day
19.
My mother is getting supper
ready
20.
In my country we pay very high
taxes
21.
You are speaking too fast; I can
not understand what you are
saying
22.
My family go to the beach every
summer
23.
Peter is an economist; he works
in a foreign bank
24.
Please don't disturb him; he's
doing his homework
25.
Margaret, look at that plane! It
is coming down
Lección 18ª: "Present continuous" versus "Future"
Gramática
1.- Present Continuous
Describe una acción que va a tener lugar en un futuro más o menos
inmediato, pero que la decisión de realizarla fue tomada en el pasado.
Next Monday I am flying to Paris
(La decisión de volar a París no la he tomado justo en este momento sino que
ya lo había decidido con anterioridad)
Con un sentido similar se podría utilizar la expresión "going to...".
Next Monday I am going to fly to Paris
No obstante entre el "present continuous" y "going to..." hay algunas
diferencias:
a) El "present continuous" se prefiere en aquellas acciones que han sido ya
programadas del tipo, reuniones, viajes, fiestas, etc, en las que hay que poner
de acuerdo a otras personas.
b) La expresión "going to..." se utiliza principalmente cuando se quiere
resaltar la voluntad del emisor. Este está plenamente decidido a realizar esa
acción por lo que hay muchas probabilidades de que se lleve a cabo.
Posiblemente el emisor haya realizado ya alguna actuación encaminada a
ejecutar la acción.
This evening I am going to the see the match between Real Madrid and
Barcelona
(ya he comprado las entradas)
c) También la expresión "going to" se utiliza para describir acciones que van
a suceder en un futuro inmediato ya que hay indicios que apuntan a ello:
The sky is very dark; it is going to rain
d) Mientras que con el "present continuous" siempre hay que mencionar el
momento en el que se va a desarrollar la acción, con la expresión "going
to..." cabe a veces omitir toda referencia temporal (se entiende que va a tener
lugar en un futuro inmediato pero no se precisa cuando).
2.- Future
El "future" describe acciones futuras, si bien no tienen por que ser tan
inmediatas como con el "present continuous" o con "going to...".
También se utiliza para describir acciones futuras que han sido decididas
sobre la marcha, en el momento actual.
Oh, it is very late, I will go back home
It is very cold, I will close the window
O acciones futuras que el emisor considera que van a tener lugar pero que no
dependen de su voluntad.
When will you buy a new car?
I am sure your brother will win the race
The match between Real Madrid and Barcelona will be exciting
Muchas veces va introducido por expresiones del tipo:
I am sure / I supposse / Perhaps / Probably / Surely / Possibly...
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "future" o "present continuous"
según corresponda:
1.
I ________ a meeting in half an
hour (to have)
2.
Which team do you think
________ the match? (to win)
3.
This evening I ________ to the
Opera with my girlfriend (to go)
4.
I have studied very hard and I
am sure I ________ the exam
(to pass)
5.
I am sure your girlfriend
________ you for that little fault
(to forgive)
6.
This afternoon my sister
________ an interview with a
head hunter (to have)
7.
It's not sure but probably I
________ with you to the party
(to go)
8.
If you continue disturbing the
neighbours, they ________ you
(to report)
9.
I feel very tired; I think I
________ this report tomorrow
(to finish)
10.
I don't think that my father
________ a new car (to buy)
11.
I am sure that my train
________ late (to arrive)
12.
The condition of this patient is
really bad; probably he
________ in the next few days
(to die)
13.
Tomorrow we ________ with
some friends to the Town
Festival (to go)
14.
This winter the Annual Meeting
of the G-7 ________ place in
Madrid (to take)
15.
My boss ________ in two weeks
(to retire)
16.
Tomorrow my mother ________
lunch with her friends (to have)
17.
As I told you before this evening
we ________ dinner with our
parents in law (to have)
18.
This Friday my brother
________ back from Moscow
(to come)
19.
My brother ________ married
next month (to get)
20.
This Friday I ________ to Rome
(to travel)
21.
I am completely convinced that
our candidate ________ the
next elections (to win)
22.
This Sunday our CEO
________ our regional branches
(to visit)
23.
Tomorrow afternoon we
________ football with our
neighbours (to play)
24.
I m not feeling well; I ________
back home (to go)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "future" o "present continuous"
según corresponda:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I am having a meeting in half
an hour
2.
Which team do you think will
win the match?
3.
This evening I am going to the
Opera with my girlfriend
4.
I have studied very hard and I
am sure I will pass the exam
5.
I am sure your girlfriend will
forgive you for that little fault
6.
This afternoon my sister is
having an interview with a head
hunter
7.
It's not sure but probably I will
go with you to the party
8.
If you continue disturbing the
neighbours, they will report you
9.
I feel very tired; I think I will
finish this report tomorrow
10.
I don't think that my father will
buy a new car
11.
I am sure that my train will
arrive late
12.
The condition of this patient is
really bad; probably he will die
in the next few days
13.
Tomorrow we are going with
some friends to the Town
Festival
14.
This winter the Annual Meeting
of the G-7 will take place in
Madrid
15.
My boss is retiring in two weeks
16.
Tomorrow my mother is having
lunch with her friends
17.
As I told you before this evening
we are having dinner with our
parents in law
18.
This Friday my brother is
coming back from Moscow
19.
My brother is getting married
next month
20.
This Friday I am travelling to
Rome
21.
I am completely convinced that
our candidate will win the next
elections
22.
This Sunday our CEO is visiting
our regional branches
23.
Tomorrow afternoon we are
playing football with our
neighbours
24.
I m not feeling well; I will go
back home
Lección 19ª: "Past simple" versus "Past continuous"
Gramática
1.- Past simple
El "past simple" describe una acción pasada ya finalizada.
When I was young I lived in Madrid (ahora vivo en Barcelona)
2.- Past continuous
Indica que una acción se estaba desarrollando en cierto momento del pasado
al cual se hace referencia. No dice si la acción ya finalizó o todavía
continuaba.
When the mother came home her husband was playing with the kids (no
sabemos si terminó de jugar en ese momento o continuó jugando)
A veces se describen dos acciones simultáneas que tuvieron lugar en el
pasado. En dicho caso, se utiliza el "past imple" para describir aquella que
finalizó y el "past continuous" para aquella otra que estaba ocurriendo
cuando la primera tuvo lugar.
Yesterday evening when you called me I was having a shower
When the parents arrived home the children were watching TV
Otra diferencia entre ambos tiempos es que el "past continuous" se utiliza a
veces para indicar que la acción es más casual, menos planificada.
Yesterday morning, from 8 to 10, I was running (algo rutinario, que suelo
hacer con frecuencia, por lo que no lo resalto)
Yesterday morning, from 8 to 10, I ran (algo diferente, un tanto
extraordinario, por lo que quiero destacarlo)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "past simple" o "past continuous"
según corresponda:
1.
Last Saturday when my brother
arrived, I ________ TV (to
watch)
2.
The police arrested the
murderer when he ________ an
old woman (to attack)
3.
My uncle ________ all his
fortune playing in casinos (to
lose)
4.
Yesterday it rained all day and
the river almost ________ its
banks (to burst)
5.
Last night when I left the party
two gangs of hooligans
________ (to fight)
6.
Last Friday my father ________
to Paris to visit my brother who
works there (to go)
7.
They ________ the new bridge
in time for the Olympic Games
(to finish)
8.
My girlfriend didn't come with
us to the cinema because she
________ (to study)
9.
When the teacher entered the
classroom the students
________ very loudly (to speak)
10.
That terrible accident ________
yesterday evening (to happen)
11.
Last night when the thieves
________ into my house I was
sleeping (to break)
12.
My parents ________ in the
Cathedral of Seville 40 years
ago (to get married)
13.
The Socialist Party ________
the last elections and is now in
power (to win)
14.
The other day when I ________
tennis I hurt my leg (to play)
15.
Philip ________ at home in very
strange circumstances (to die)
16.
Susan ________ Law in the
university of Madrid (to study)
17.
Yesterday when you came home
I ________ the dog (to walk)
18.
The plane ________ into the
mountains due to the weather
conditions (to crash)
19.
He ________ late at the station
and missed his train (to arrive)
20.
The mother went to calm her
little baby because she
________ (to cry)
21.
My neighbour ________ a heart
attack last year and still hasn't
fully recovered (to have)
22.
This morning while my friends
played football I ________ my
homework (to do)
23.
Last summer we ________ to
the south of Spain for our
holiday (to go)
24.
Yesterday night it was raining
when we ________ the Theatre
(to leave)
25.
This morning the dog ________
the postman when he was
delivering the mail (to attack)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "past simple" o "past continuous"
según corresponda:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Last Saturday when my brother
arrived, I was watching TV
2.
The police arrested the
murderer when he was
attacking an old woman
3.
My uncle lost all his fortune
playing in casinos
4.
Yesterday it rained all day and
the river almost burst its banks
5.
Last night when I left the party
two gangs of hooligans were
fighting
6.
They finished the new bridge in
time for the Olympic Games
7.
Last Friday my father went to
Paris to visit my brother who
works there
8.
My girlfriend didn't come with
us to the cinema because she
was studying
9.
When the teacher entered the
classroom the students were
speaking very loudly
10.
That terrible accident happened
yesterday evening
11.
Last night when the thieves
broke into my house I was
sleeping
12.
My parents got married in the
Cathedral of Seville 40 years
ago
13.
The Socialist Party won the last
elections and is now in power
14.
The other day when I was
playing tennis I hurt my leg
15.
Philip died at home in very
strange circumstances
16.
Susan studied Law in the
university of Madrid
17.
Yesterday when you came home
I was walking the dog
18.
The plane crashed into the
mountains due to the weather
conditions
19.
He arrived late at the station
and missed his train
20.
The mother went to calm her
little baby because she was
crying
21.
My neighbour had a heart
attack last year and still hasn't
fully recovered
22.
This morning while my friends
played football I was doing my
homework
23.
Last summer we went to the
south of Spain for our holiday
24.
Yesterday night it was raining
when we left the Theatre
25.
This morning the dog attacked
the postman when he was
delivering the mail
20ª: "Past simple" vs "Present perfect"
Gramática
Ambos tiempos describen acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, si bien
presentan ciertas diferencias:
a) Past Simple
- Acción que se desarrolló y finalizó en el pasado, sin que se de ninguna
información sobre cual ha sido su repercusión en el tiempo presente.
When I was young I played tennis (no nos da ninguna infomación sobre si en
la actualidad sigo jugando al tenis o no)
- Acción que se desarrolló y completó en un periodo de tiempo ya finalizado.
This morning I had a very tense meeting with my boss (ya es por la tarde, la
mañana ha finalizado)
Yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends
b) Presente Perfect
- Acción que se inició en el pasado y que aún continúa desarrollándose.
I have worked in this bank for ten years (todavía continúo en el banco)
- Acción que acaba de finalizar.
I have missed my train (lo acabo de perder)
- Acción que se ha desarrollado en un periodo de tiempo que aún no ha
terminado.
This morning I has had a very tense meeting with my boss (aún es por la
mañana)
Today I have visited my parents (el día todavía no ha finalizado)
- Acción desarrollada en el pasado pero cuya repercusión aún se manifiesta
en el tiempo presente.
My brother has broken his glasses (las gafas se han roto recientemente y
siguen rotas)
Comparar con la siguiente oración:
My brother broke his glasses (no sabemos si las gafas ya están arregladas o
no)
Para terminar, señalar que en ocasiones las diferencias entre estos dos
tiempos no son muy nítidas, y de hecho en algunos casos cabría utilizar
cualquiera de ellos.
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "past simple" o "present perfect"
según corresponda:
1.
They ________ and are now on
their honeymoon (To get
married)
2.
I ________ studying 10 years
ago (To finish)
3.
________ you my daughter? I
can't find her (To see)
4.
I ________ a very interesting
book about the Spanish Empire
(recientemente) (To finish)
5.
I ________ the watch that my
wife gave me on our honeymoon
(To lose)
6.
This morning I ________ to the
Spanish Embassy in Paris (To
be) (todavía es por la mañana)
7.
They ________ five years ago in
Naples (To get married)
8.
Today I ________ a programme
on television about Africa (To
watch)
9.
This is the first time I ________
to the Theatre (To be)
10.
Today I ________ tennis with
my nephew (To play)
11.
My mother is not at home, she
________ to the school to speak
to my teacher (To go)
12.
Where have you been this
afternoon? I ________ to a
restaurant with my wife (To be)
13.
When I ________ to London I
visited the National Gallery (To
go)
14.
A while ago I ________ a very
interesting book about Islamic
culture (To read)
15.
I ________ four men yesterday
morning near my office (To see)
16.
This year I ________ my studies
(To finish)
17.
When I was a child I ________
tennis with my dad (To play)
18.
Your boss ________ you
yesterday evening (To phone)
19.
Today I ________ my father
several times but I haven't been
able to contact him (To phone)
(todavía es por la mañana)
20.
Americans ________ to the
Moon in 1969 (To go)
21.
A few days ago I ________ a
very interesting programme on
television about hunting (To
watch)
22.
I went to the Russian Circus
when I ________ Moscow (To
visit)
23.
I already ________ too much. I
should stop now because I have
to drive later (To drink)
24.
Oh! I ________ my watch. Have
you seen it? (To lose)
25.
Last Friday I ________ a lot at
my friends wedding. I couldn't
drive back home (To drink)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "past simple" o "present perfect"
según corresponda:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
They have got married and are
now on their honeymoon
2.
I finished studying 10 years ago
3.
Have you seen my daughter? I
can't find her
4.
I have finished a very
interesting book about the
Spanish Empire
5.
I lost the watch that my wife
gave me on our honeymoon
6.
This morning I have been to
the Spanish Embassy in Paris
7.
They got married five years ago
in Naples
8.
Today I have watched a
programme on television about
Africa
9.
This is the first time I have
been to the Theatre
10.
Today I have played tennis with
my nephew
11.
My mother is not at home, she
has gone to the school to speak
to my teacher
12.
Where have you been this
afternoon? I have been to a
restaurant with my wife
13.
When I went to London I
visited the National Gallery
14.
A while ago I read a very
interesting book about Islamic
culture
15.
I saw four men yesterday
morning near my office
16.
This year I have finished my
studies
17.
When I was a child I played
tennis with my dad
18.
Your boss phoned you
yesterday evening
19.
Today I have phoned my father
several times but I haven't been
able to contact him
20.
Americans went to the Moon in
1969
21.
A few days ago I watched a
very interesting programme on
television about hunting
22.
I went to the Russian Circus
when I visited Moscow
23.
I have already drunk too much.
I should stop now because I
have to drive later
24.
Oh! I have lost my watch. Have
you seen it?
25.
Last Friday I drank a lot at my
friends wedding. I couldn't
drive back home
21ª: "Present perfect continuous" vs "Present perfect"
Gramática
1.- Present perfect continuous
Esta forma verbal se emplea cuando interesa destacar la acción en sí misma
más que el resultado; no se precisa si la acción ha finalizado o no (la acción
comenzó en el pasado y puede que acabe de terminar o que incluso
continúe).
I have been reading a book (resalto lo que he estado haciendo; no indico si
he finalizado el libro o no)
Este tiempo se utiliza también para indicar la duración de una acción que
comenzó en el pasado (y que acaba de finalizar o aún continúa).
I have been playing tennis for two hours
I have been waiting for him for 1 hour (puede que la otra persona acabe de
llegar o que yo aún siga esperando; el contexto determinará un sentido u
otro)
El empleo de este tiempo indica que el emisor considera que la duración ha
sido larga.
2.- Present perfect simple
Describe una acción que comenzó en el pasado y que acaba de finalizar.
Pone el énfasis en el resultado y no en la acción en si misma.
I have read a book (destaco que he leído un libro, que lo he terminado, y no
el hecho de haber dedicado un tiempo a la lectura).
En el siguiente ejemplo se puede observar la diferencia entre estas dos
formas verbales:
I have done my homework (indico que ya lo he finalizado)
I have been doing my homework (indico la actividad que he estado
desarrollando; no informo de si he terminado mis deberes o no)
Se utiliza también para indicar cuantas acciones se han realizado en un
tiempo determinado.
Today I have read ten books
El empleo de este tiempo informa indirectamente sobre el presente, ya que
conlleva que la situación no ha cambiado.
He has gone to Canada (esta persona sigue en Canda o está de viaje hacia
allí; en cualquier caso todavía no ha regresado)
I have broken my leg (la pierna sigue rota; aún no ha sanado)
Si no se da información sobre el presente hay que utilizar el "past simple".
He went to Canada (no se informa de si él sigue allí o ya volvió)
I broke my leg (puede que la pierna ya esté curada o que aún siga rota)
En aquellos verbos en los que no se utiliza la forma continua (lección 17)
hay que recurrir en todos estos supuestos al "present perfect simple".
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "present perfect" o "present perfect
continuous" según corresponda:
1.
This evening I ________ two
letters to my parents (to write)
2.
My daughter ________ letters
to her friends for hours (to
write)
3.
This morning I ________
breakfast for my wife (to
prepare)
4.
Today Lucy ________ her
boyfriend three times (to
phone)
5.
My friends ________ around
Italy for five months (to travel)
6.
I ________ to music all evening
(to listen)
7.
I ________ English since I was
a child (to learn)
8.
We are coming from the beach
where my kids ________ a
sandcastle (to make)
9.
Why are you so dirty? I
________ in the garden (to
work)
10.
I ________ to Malaga for three
days with my in-laws (to be)
11.
I ________ my homework. Now
I am going to rest (to finish)
12.
My brother ________ TV for
three hours (to watch)
13.
John ________ since 3 o'clock
(to study)
14.
The fatal accident just
________. The police haven't
arrived yet (to happen)
15.
________ you my watch? I
have just lost it (to see)
16.
Emma is very tired; she
________ all day (to work)
17.
My son ________ two pages so
far (to translate)
18.
What weather! It ________
since yesterday (to rain)
19.
This week my team ________
one match (to win)
20.
Today I ________ my room (to
paint)
21.
My kids ________ at the beach
all morning (to play)
22.
I ________ in this town since
last February (to live)
23.
The police ________ the
murderer (to arrest)
24.
What has happened to the
neighbours? They ________
for hours (to shout)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "present perfect" o "present perfect
continuous" según corresponda:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
This evening I have written two
letters to my parents
2.
My daughter has been writing
letters to her friends for hours
3.
This morning I have prepared
breakfast for my wife
4.
Today Lucy has phoned her
boyfriend three times
5.
My friends have been travelling
around Italy for five months
6.
I have been listening to music
all evening
7.
I have been learning English
since I was a child
8.
We are coming from the beach
where my kids have made a
sandcastle
9.
Why are you so dirty? I have
been working in the garden
10.
I have been to Malaga for three
days with my in-laws
11.
I have finished my homework.
Now I am going to rest
12.
My brother has been watching
TV for three hours
13.
John has been studying since 3
o'clock
14.
The fatal accident has just
happened. The police haven't
arrived yet
15.
Have you seen my watch? I
have just lost it
16.
Emma is very tired; she has
been working all day
17.
My son has translated two
pages so far
18.
What weather! It has been
raining since yesterday
19.
This week my team has won
one match
20.
Today I have painted my room
21.
My kids have been playing at
the beach all morning
22.
I have been living in this town
since last February
23.
The police have arrested the
murderer
24.
What has happened to the
neighbours? They have been
shouting for hours
22ª: "Past simple" vs "Past perfect"
Gramática
Ambos tiempos describen acciones finalizadas en el pasado, si bien con
algunas diferencias.
a) Past Simple
Acción finalizada en el pasado; no se hace referencia a ninguna conexión
con el presente.
I studied law at the university of Madrid
b) Past Perfect
Equivale al "present perfect" pero tomando como punto de referencia un
momento en el pasado.
- La acción finalizó cerca de dicho momento pasado que es mencionado en
la oración.
Did you see him when you went to his office? No, he had left
- La acción finalizó justo en dicho momento pasado o incluso continuó
después.
He had lived in Paris for 10 years when he decided to buy his own flat
(continuó viviendo en París)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "past perfect" o "past simple" según
corresponda:
1.
My father ________ in Madrid
when he was young (To live)
2.
David's car was very new; he
just ________ it (To buy)
3.
Ann passed her exam because
she ________ a lot (To study)
4.
The oil tanker ________ in the
middle of a terrible hurricane
(To sink)
5.
Last summer my parents went
to London; they never
________ there before (To be)
6.
When the police arrived the
terrorist just ________ one
hostage (To kill) (acababa de
suceder)
7.
Mark didn't ________ me to his
birthday party (To invite)
8.
Yesterday morning my kids
________ to the zoo (To go)
9.
Ten years ago I ________
100.000 euros for my house (To
pay)
10.
When I saw your father I didn't
recognize him. He ________ a
lot (To change)
11.
The first time I ________ my
wife was in Paris during the
Roland Garros Tournament
(To meet)
12.
Last night I ________ to bed
very late because I was reading
a book (To go)
13.
When my mother phoned me
yesterday night I just ________
to bed (To go) (justo poco antes
de la llamada)
14.
I didn't see my brother last
summer. He ________ in
France (To be)
15.
I arrived very late at the party
and my friends just ________
(To leave) (acababan de
marcharse)
16.
Mr Wilson ________ alone in
his castle (To die)
17.
Last September the village was
very quiet: the holiday makers
already ________ (To leave)
(pocos días antes)
18.
Last time I went to Barcelona
they ________the Olympic
Village (To open) (poco tiempo
antes)
19.
When the bomb exploded the
police already ________ the
building (To evacuate)
20.
I ________ for an American
firm for 10 years (To work) (ya
no trabajo)
21.
We ________ our trip to Italy a
lot (To enjoy)
22.
When the helicopter finally
arrived the oil tanker ________
(To sink)
23.
When the vaccine was finally
developed that strange illness
already ________ thousands of
people (To kill)
24.
The bomb ________ in front of
the police station (To explode)
25.
The public ________ the
referee during the match (To
insult)
Exercises
1.- Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en "past perfect" o "past simple"
según corresponda:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
My father lived in Madrid
when he was young
2.
David's car was very new; he
had just bought it
3.
Ann passed her exam because
she had studied a lot
4.
The oil tanker sank in the
middle of a terrible hurricane
5.
Last summer my parents went
to London; they had never
been there before
6.
When the police arrived the
terrorist had just killed one
hostage
7.
Mark didn't invite me to his
birthday party
8.
Yesterday morning my kids
went to the zoo
9.
Ten years ago I paid 100.000
euros for my house
10.
When I saw your father I
didn't recognize him. He had
changed a lot
11.
The first time I met my wife
was in Paris during the Roland
Garros Tournament
12.
Las night I went to bed very
late because I was reading a
book
13.
When my mother phoned me
yesterday night I had just gone
to bed
14.
I didn't see my brother last
summer. He was in France
15.
I arrived very late at the party
and my friends had just left
16.
Mr Wilson died alone in his
castle
17.
Last September the village was
very quiet: the holiday makers
had already left
18.
Last time I went to Barcelona
they had opened the Olympic
Village
19.
When the bomb exploded the
police had already evacuated
the building
20.
I worked for an American firm
for 10 years
21.
We enjoyed our trip to Italy a
lot
22.
When the helicopter finally
arrived the oil tanker had sunk
23.
When the vaccine was finally
developed that strange illness
had already killed thousands
of people
24.
The bomb exploded in front of
the police station
25.
The public insulted the referee
during the match
23ª: Can / May
Gramática
a) Posibilidad vs Probabilidad
"Can" indica que algo es posible (las circunstancias lo permiten o
alguien tiene la habilidad de hacerlo).
I can play tennis quite well
I can open that door with my key
I can run for two hours
This car can go faster than 200 km per hour
You can go to France without a passport
"May" indica que algo es probable; equivale a "perhaps"
My friend may win the race
The sky is very dark. It may rain
b) Permiso
Se utilizan ambos verbos modales, con los siguientes matices:
- Tener permiso: "can" es más habitual.
I can smoke in the office
- Dar permiso: "may" es más habitual, "can" más informal.
You may smoke here if you want
You may use my computer
You can take my car (informal)
Si el permiso viene de un tercero se utiliza "can".
You can smoke here (la ley lo permite o las normas de esta oficina)
- Pedir permiso: "can" es más habitual y también más informal
Can I smoke in the office? (informal) / May I smoke in the office?
(formal)
Can I speak to you? (informal) / May I speak to you? (formal)
c) Petición
- Solicitar algo: Se utilian ambos verbos modales
May (Can) I get your dictionary?
- Pedirle a alguien que haga algo: se suele utilizar "can"
Can you give me that book?
d) Ofrecimiento
Se utiliza ambos verbos modales
Can (May) I help you?
Exercises
1.- Elige "Can" o "May" para completar las siguientes oraciones, según
sea la forma más habitual o aquella que se indica entre paréntesis:
1.
My boss ________ speak
English very fluently
2.
You ________ take my
dictionary for your exam
(formal)
3.
Your sister ________ come
with us to the cinema. It
depends on your mother
(formal)
4.
You ________ open the bottle
with that corkscrew
5.
You ________ use my
computer if you want (formal)
6.
________ you bring me a
glass of water, please?
7.
My father is very strong, he
________ lift 100 kg
8.
You ________ enter the party
with this invitation
9.
You ________ find that book
in the Central Library
10.
________ I switch on the
light? I would like to read the
newspaper (informal)
11.
Philip ________ use his
father's motorbike
12.
If you need it you ________
use our lawnmower (formal)
13.
________ you help me to
clean the swimming pool,
please?
14.
I ________ use the company
car for private trips (informal)
15.
There are rumours that the
Spanish airline Iberia
________ merge with British
Airway
16.
We are going to the park; you
________ come with us if you
want (formal)
17.
With that telescope you
________ see Mars
18.
You should buy lottery tickets;
you ________ become
millionaire
19.
________ you help me to
move this heavy box? I cannot
do it on my own (informal)
20.
If you have any questions you
________ ask me (formal)
21.
My brother works in the Air
Force; he ________ fly a
fighter plane
22.
If you study hard you
________ pass your exams
23.
During the flight you
________ not use your mobile
24.
With my savings I ________
buy a new car
25.
Mark doesn't answer the
phone; he ________ have left
his office because he didn't
feel well
Exercises
1.- Elige "Can" o "May" para completar las siguientes oraciones,
según sea la forma más habitual o aquella que se indica entre
paréntesis:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
My boss can speak English
very fluently
2.
You may take my dictionary
for your exam
3.
Your sister may come with us
to the cinema. It depends on
your mother
4.
You can open the bottle with
that corkscrew
5.
You may use my computer if
you want
6.
Can you bring me a glass of
water, please?
7.
My father is very strong, he
can lift 100 kg
8.
You can enter the party with
this invitation
9.
You may find that book in the
Central Library
10.
Can I switch on the light? I
would like to read the
newspaper
11.
Philip can use his father's
motorbike
12.
If you need it you may use
our lawnmower
13.
Can you help me to clean the
swimming pool, please?
14.
I can use the company car for
private trips
15.
There are rumours that the
Spanish airline Iberia may
merge with British Airway
16.
We are going to the park; you
may come with us if you want
17.
With that telescope you can
see Mars
18.
You should buy lottery
tickets; you may become
millionaire
19.
Can you help me to move this
heavy box? I cannot do it on
my own
20.
If you have any questions you
may ask me
21.
My brother works in the Air
Force; he can fly a fighter
plane
22.
If you study hard you may
pass your exams
23.
During the flight you cannot
use your mobile
24.
With my savings I can buy a
new car
25.
Mark doesn't answer the
phone; he may have left his
office because he didn't feel
well
24ª: Can / Could
Gramática
"Can" y "could" se utilizan para expresar permiso, posibilidad o
habilidad. Como regla general "can" se utiliza en el presente y "could"
en el pasado, pero hay ciertos matices:
a) Posibilidad / habilidad
En el presente "can" y en el pasado "could" o "was / were able".
With the new motorway you can go from Madrid to Barcelona in less
than 4 hours
Ten years ago you could go from Madrid to Barcelona in 6 hours
I can play tennis
I could (was able) to play tennis when I was a child
"Could" también se utiliza con un sentido condicional, mientras que en
el futuro se emplea "will be able":
If I had money I could buy a new car
In two years I will be able to speak English fluently
b) Permiso
En el presente distinguimos:
- Tener o pedir permiso: "can" tiene un sentido informal y "could"
formal.
I can use the company's car for my private trips (informal)
I could use the company's car for my private trips (formal)
Can I borrow your car ? (informal)
Could I borrow your car ? (formal)
- Dar permiso: se utiliza "can"; "could" únicamente se emplea con un
sentido condicional.
Tonight you can stay with us
If you don't find any other place, you could stay with
En el pasado se utiliza "could" y en el futuro "can".
c) Ofrecimiento
Sólo se utiliza "can".
Can I help you
Exercises
1.- Elige "Can" / "Could" / "Be able" para completar las siguientes
oraciones, según sea la forma más habitual:
1.
________ I watch the football
match in your house?
(informal)
2.
When I asked him, he said
his daughter ________ come
with us to the party
3.
You are very strong, I am
sure that you ________ lift a
weight of 75 kilos
4.
I told my son that it was too
late and he ________ not go
to the party
5.
If I continue training I will
________ to run the
marathon next summer
6.
My father was very fit; he
________ run a mile in less
than 4 minutes
7.
________ I open the window?
It is very hot in here (formal)
8.
The anaesthetist asked the
doctor if he ________
postpone the operation for at
least one hour
9.
The soldiers are very tired.
Please, tell them that they
________ rest for two hours
10.
James says that his daughter
________ come with us to the
cinema
11.
My boss gave me an
invitation so I ________ enter
the conference
12.
In this building you
________ not smoke
13.
________ I use your phone,
please? (dirigiéndote a tu
jefe)
14.
Mr Wilson, ________ I
explain to you our new offer?
(formal)
15.
________ I use your phone,
please? (dirigiéndote a un
amigo)
16.
If you continue drinking you
won´t ________ to drive
home
17.
With these new engines,
rockets ________ reach Mars
in half the time than before
18.
Henry, ________ you be
quiet, please?. I cannot
concentrate (informal)
19.
He ________ not go to
France because he had lost
his passport
20.
When my father bought the
car we ________ go to the
beach at the weekends
21.
You ________ leave your car
here; we will be back soon
22.
My sister is an artist; she
________ dance like a
professional
23.
________ you pick me up at
the airport at 6 0'clock?
(informal)
24.
________ you explain the
lesson to me again, please? I
didn't understand it at all
(formal)
25.
When I was a child I was
very shy. I ________ not
speak in public
Exercises
1.- Elige "Can" / "Could" / "Be able" para completar las siguientes
oraciones, según sea la forma más habitual:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Can I watch the football
match in your house?
2.
When I asked him, he said
his daughter could come
with us to the party
3.
You are very strong, I am
sure that you can lift a
weight of 75 kilos
4.
I told my son that it was too
late and he couldn't go to the
party
5.
If I continue training I will
be able to run the marathon
next summer
6.
My father was very fit; he
could run a mile in less than
4 minutes
7.
Could I open the window? It
is very hot in here
8.
The anaesthetist asked the
doctor if he could postpone
the operation for at least one
hour
9.
The soldiers are very tired.
Please, tell them that they
can rest for two hours
10.
James says that his daughter
can come with us to the
cinema
11.
My boss gave me an
invitation so I could enter
the conference
12.
In this building you cannot
smoke
13.
Could I use your phone,
please?
14.
Mr Wilson, Could I explain
to you our new offer?
15.
Can I use your phone,
please?
16.
If you continue drinking you
won´t be able to drive home
17.
With these new engines,
rockets can reach Mars in
half the time than before
18.
Henry, can you be quiet,
please?. I cannot
concentrate
19.
He couldn't go to France
because he had lost his
passport
20.
When my father bought the
car we could go to the beach
at the weekends
21.
You can leave your car here;
we will be back soon
22.
My sister is an artist; she can
dance like a professional
23.
Can you pick me up at the
airport at 6 0'clock?
24.
Could you explain the lesson
to me again, please? I didn't
understand it at all
25.
When I was a child I was
very shy. I couldn't speak in
public
25ª: Must / Have to
Gramática
"Must" y "Have to" expresan una obligación. A veces se pueden
utilizar indistintamente (especialmente con la primera persona donde
prácticamente tienen el mismo sentido), no obstante existen ciertas
diferencias.
"Must" se utiliza con el tiempo presente y futuro
"Have to" con pasado, presente y futuro
Autoridad
externa
Autoridad del
emisor
Pasado Had to Had to
Presente Have to Must
Futuro Will have to Must
"Must": el emisor impone una obligación.
"Have to": el emisor no impone ninguna obligación, se limita a
comunicar una obligación que existe.
(Teacher) You must do your homework (El profesor impone el deber
de hacer los deberes)
(Student) I have to do my homework (el estudiante se limita a
comunicar una obligación que le ha sido impuesta)
You must stop making noises (El profesor ordena a sus alumnos)
You have to stop smoking (La mujer le recuerda a su marido una
obligación que le ha impuesto el medico)
I cannot stay longer, I have to go home (mis obligaciones familiares
me obligan a volver a casa)
"Must" también se puede utilizar para expresar un consejo de forma
enfática.
Ver la diferencia entre:
You should stop smoking
You must stop smoking
En ambos casos no se trata de una obligación sino de un consejo. Con
"must" el consejo es más enfático.
Forma interrogativa
Must + sujeto + verbo principal ?
Do + sujeto + have to + verbo principal ?
Must you leave now?
Do you have to leave now?
Forma Negativa
Cuando la oración es negativa el significado de estos dos verbos es
diferente:
"Mustn't": no se debe hacer algo
"Don't have to": no es necesario hacer algo
You mustn't go to that meeting (no debes ir ya que no has sido
invitado)
You don't have to go to that meeting (no es necesario que vaya; no se
va a tratar nada interesante)
Exercises
1.- Elige "Must" / "Have to" (en el tiempo correspondiente) para
completar estas oraciones:
1.
It is very cold, we ________
light the fire (a father to his
son)
2.
You ________ go to bed
now. It is very late
(obligation)
3.
When I was at university I
________ study very hard (a
mother to her daughter)
4.
You ________ come back
home before midnight
5.
If I want to do a master, I
________ my degree first
6.
The neighbours complained
and the police told us that we
________ to turn the music
down
7.
This is a secret; you
________ not say anything
about it
8.
You look very tired. You
________ rest
9.
I ________ to tidy my room
before my mum comes back
10.
I have fixed the toilet; you
don't ________ call the
plumber
11.
The lawyer told his client
that he didn't ________
confess to his participation
in the fraud
12.
(A mother to her son) You
________ change your
clothes; they are very dirty
13.
During the exam you
________ not speak to your
classmates
14.
(A boss to his employee) You
________ finish your report
before 4 o'clock
15.
My father will bring the
newspaper; you don't
________ buy it
16.
We have a lot of food for the
party; you don't ________
bring anything
17.
If you want to lose weight
you ________ stop eating so
much (muy enfático)
18.
You ________ leave my
house immediately; if not I
will call the police
19.
If I want to go to the USA I
________ get a Visa
20.
You ________ stop drinking
so much; you are destroying
yourself (muy enfático)
21.
Last summer, when I went to
Greece I ________ rent a car
to visit all the ruins
22.
The Formula 1 pilot
________ be very accurate to
drive so fast
23.
If you are assaulted in the
street, you ________ mpt
show any resistance
(enfático)
24.
In Spain you ________
always wear a helmet when
you ride a motorbike
25.
If you don't want to miss
your train, you ________
leave now
Exercises
1.- Elige "Must" / "Have to" (en el tiempo correspondiente) para
completar estas oraciones:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
It is very cold, we must light
the fire
2.
You must go to bed now. It
is very late
3.
When I was at university I
had to study very hard
4.
You must come back home
before midnight
5.
If I want to do a master, I
have to finish my degree
first
6.
The neighbours complained
and the police told us that
we had to turn the music
down
7.
This is a secret; you mustn't
say anything about it
8.
You look very tired. You
must rest
9.
I have to tidy my room
before my mum comes back
10.
I have fixed the toilet; you
don't have to call the
plumber
11.
The lawyer told his client
that he didn't have to
confess to his participation
in the fraud
12.
You must change your
clothes; they are very dirty
13.
During the exam you
mustn't speak to your
classmates
14.
You must finish your report
before 4 o'clock
15.
My father will bring the
newspaper; you don't have
to buy it
16.
We have a lot of food for the
party; you don't have to
bring anything
17.
If you want to lose weight
you must stop eating so
much
18.
You must leave my house
immediately; if not I will
call the police
19.
If I want to go to the USA I
have to get a Visa
20.
You must stop drinking so
much; you are destroying
yourself
21.
Last summer, when I went
to Greece I had to rent a car
to visit all the ruins
22.
The Formula 1 pilot has to
be very accurate to drive so
fast
23.
If you are assaulted in the
street, you mustn't show any
resistance
24.
In Spain you must always
wear a helmet when you
ride a motorbike
25.
If you don't want to miss
your train, you must leave
now
26ª: Should / Must / Have to
Gramática
Should
Se utiliza para dar consejos. Se indica que algo es bueno y por lo
tanto se debería hacer. Es una recomendación, no una obligación.
Tiene menos fuerza impositiva que "must" y que "have to".
If you feel bad you should go to the doctor
También se utiliza para dar una orden pero de forma muy educada.
Anyone who wants to enter the conference should show his
credentials
(Se trata realmente de una obligación -es obligatorio mostrar las
credenciales para entrar en la conferencia-, pero está expresada de
forma poco coercitiva)
Construcción: este verbo modal va seguido del infinitivo del verbo
principal sin la partícula "to".
Se utiliza en pasado, presente y futuro.
I should have finished my report yesterday (pasado)
You should help me, I can not do it alone (presente)
Tomorrow you should call your parents (futuro)
El pasado se utiliza para indicar algo que se debería haber hecho y
no se hizo.
La forma negativa es: shouldn't
You shouldn't smoke
Y la forma interrogativa: Should + sujeto...?
Should I wear a dark suit for the party?
Must / Have to
Expresan una obligación, algo que hay que hacer.
You must come here immediately (es una orden)
If you want to make a career in a company you have to speak
English (No hay alternativa: o hablas inglés o no hay carrera
posible)
Comprueba la diferencia con la siguiente oración:
Nowdays it is very important to speak English. You should do it.
Aquí se trata de un consejo, mientras que en la anterior era una
obligación.
Por otra parte, cuando se utiliza "must" / "have to" el emisor tiene
la convicción de que la obligación va a ser cumplida, mientras que
cuando se utiliza "should" no se sabe si el consejo se va a seguir o
no.
We should buy a new car (es un deseo; no hay seguridad de que
vayamos a hacerlo)
We must buy a new car (hay muchas probabilidades de que lo
hagamos)
Exercises
1.- Elige "Must" / "Should" / "Have to" (en el tiempo
correspondiente) para completar estas oraciones:
1.
You ________ speak to your
brother and try to solve that
problem
2.
You ________ come with us
to the cinema; the film we
are going to see is
marvellous
3.
You are very fat. You
________ practice sport
(consejo)
4.
Please, we are in the
church; you ________ stop
making that unpleasant
noise (A father to his son)
5.
If you want to watch TV,
first you ________ finish
your homework
6.
If I want to buy a new house
I ________ get a mortgage
(A mother to her daughter)
7.
You cannot go out with your
friends. You ________ stay
at home because you have
fever
8.
In internal flights you
________ check in one hour
before the departure
9.
I ________ go to the bank to
get some money
10.
You ________ visit Paris.
What a beautiful city!
11.
The doctor is very worried
about my dad and has told
him that he ________ work
less
12.
I ________ fill the tank; it is
almost empty
13.
Our teaches have told us
that we ________ be quiet
during the class (A father to
his son)
14.
You will have exams in two
weeks. You ________ study
harder (obligation)
15.
(The police officer to the
protesters) You ________
leave this place immediately
16.
I ________ leave
immediately; it is very late
and tomorrow I have to get
up early
17.
In the petrol station we
________ switch off the
engine before filling the
tank
18.
The weather is really nice.
We ________ go for a walk
19.
You ________ to go to the
dentist; you have lost a
filling (consejo muy
enfático)
20.
You ________ go by plane;
by car it is a very long
journey
21.
You ________ read more; it
is very good for your
education
22.
Kevin, you ________ shave
yourself; you look a little bit
scruffy (A mother to her
son)
23.
You ________ get up; it is
very late (orden)
24.
Jane, you ________ rest;
you look very tired
25.
The police told us that we
________ get out of the car
Exercises
1.- Elige "Must" / "Should" / "Have to" (en el tiempo
correspondiente) para completar estas oraciones:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
You should speak to your
brother and try to solve that
problem
2.
You should come with us to
the cinema; the film we are
going to see is marvellous
3.
You are very fat. You
should practice sport
4.
Please, we are in the
church; you must stop
making that unpleasant
noise
5.
If you want to watch TV,
first you must finish your
homework
6.
If I want to buy a new
house I have to get a
mortgage
7.
You cannot go out with
your friends. You must stay
at home because you have
fever
8.
In internal flights you have
to check in one hour before
the departure
9.
I have to go to the bank to
get some money
10.
You should visit Paris.
What a beautiful city!
11.
The doctor is very worried
about my dad and has told
him that he has to work less
12.
I have to fill the tank; it is
almost empty
13.
Our teaches have told us
that we must be quiet
during the class
14.
You will have exams in two
weeks. You must study
harder
15.
You must leave this place
immediately
16.
I have to leave immediately;
it is very late and tomorrow
I have to get up early
17.
In the petrol station we
have to switch off the
engine before filling the
tank
18.
The weather is really nice.
We should go for a walk
19.
You must to go to the
dentist; you have lost a
filling
20.
You should go by plane; by
car it is a very long journey
21.
You should read more; it is
very good for your
education
22.
Kevin, you should shave
yourself; you look a little bit
scruffy
23.
You must get up; it is very
late
24.
Jane, you should rest; you
look very tired
25.
The police told us that we
must get out of the car
27ª: Preposiciones de lugar: In / On / At
Gramática
La utilización de estas preposiciones con expresiones de lugar
tiene muchos matices. A continuación vamos a indicar sus
principales usos, si bien la mejor manera de dominar sus usos es
indudablemente mediante la práctica
IN
a) Dentro de un espacio cerrado:
in the bedroom / in my office / in your pocket / in hospital / in
prison / in bed
in the front / in the back of a car (pero; at the front / at the back of
a cinema, of a building)
O dentro de un objeto:
in that book / in the water
b) En un lugar abierto (sitios determinados con unos límites
definidos):
in the park / in the street / in the garden / in the queue
c) Con países y ciudades:
in Spain / in Madrid / in my country / in this town
ON
a) Sobre una superficie, con contacto físico:
on the table / on the wall / on the floor / on my shoulder / on page
103 / on the second floor
b) Con las expresiones:
on the left / on the right
AT
a) Lugar determinado:
at the door / at the window / at the trafic light / at the top of the
page / at the bridge
b) Con las expresiones:
at home / at school / at work / at the office / at the bus stop / at the
airport / at someone's house
c) Con acontecimientos:
at the party / at the meeting / at the conference
d) También se puede utiliza con edificios, con un significado
diferente al de "in":
at the museum (en el museo: puede ser dentro o justo fuera)
in the museum (dentro del museo)
e) "At" se utiliza cuando se menciona donde tuvo lugar un acto:
This morning I visited the painting exposition at the National
Museum
Yesterday we had dinner at the new Chinese restaurant
f) O con lugares abiertos con agua: "at": al lado; "in": dentro
at the river (en la orilla del río) / in the river (dentro del agua)
at the lake / in the lake
at the swimming pool / in the swimming pool
at the sea / in the sea
En numerosos casos con un mismo sustantivo se pueden utilizar
diferentes preposiciones si bien el significado varía:
in the car (dentro del coche)
on the car (sobre el coche)
at the car (dentro o justo al lado el coche)
Exercises
1.- Selecciona "In" / "On" / "At" para completar las siguientes
oraciones:
1.
I have left my luggage
________ the car
2.
My flat is ________ the
tenth floor
3.
To go to that restaurant
you must turn left
________ the next corner
4.
I study law ________ the
Madrid University
5.
My dog plays ________ the
square with a little ball
6.
In Japan people drive
________ the left, the same
as in England
7.
You can find that article
________ page 15. I
recommend that you read
it
8.
The president of that
football club is now
________ prison accused
of multiple frauds
9.
When I was young I lived
________ Paris with my
parents
10.
He must be very tired; he
has fallen asleep ________
the sofa
11.
I will meet you at the
cinema ________ 10
o'clock
12.
The eagles fly ________
the sky looking for food
13.
Look at that butterfly
________ the wall. It is so
beautiful
14.
I have put my glasses
________ your bag. Please,
look after them
15.
If you agree you must sign
________ the bottom of
this document
16.
You can see my
grandparents ________
this photograph
17.
I have two coins in my
hand and another two
________ my pocket
18.
My kids are swimming
________ the river with
their friends
19.
She was all evening
________ home listening
to music
20.
I have left my car
________ the end of this
street
21.
I have read that theory
________ a very old book
22.
I couldn't hear the teacher
because I sat ________ the
back of the classroom
23.
Do you know where there
is a post box? Yes, right
________ that corner
24.
Be quiet, a little bird is
________ the window. I
will try to catch it
25.
I live in Madison Avenue
________ New York City
Exercises
1.- Selecciona "In" / "On" / "At" para completar las siguientes
oraciones:
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I have left my luggage in
the car
2.
My flat is on the tenth
floor
3.
To go to that restaurant
you must turn left at the
next corner
4.
I study law at the Madrid
University
5.
My dog plays in the square
with a little ball
6.
In Japan people drive on
the left, the same as in
England
7.
You can find that article
on page 15. I recommend
that you read it
8.
The president of that
football club is now in
prison accused of multiple
frauds
9.
When I was young I lived
in Paris with my parents
10.
He must be very tired; he
has fallen asleep on the
sofa
11.
I will meet you at the
cinema at 10 o'clock
12.
The eagles fly in the sky
looking for food
13.
Look at that butterfly on
the wall. It is so beautiful
14.
I have put my glasses in
your bag. Please, look after
them
15.
If you agree you must sign
at the bottom of this
document
16.
You can see my
grandparents in this
photograph
17.
I have two coins in my
hand and another two in
my pocket
18.
My kids are swimming in
the river with their friends
19.
She was all evening at
home listening to music
20.
I have left my car at the
end of this street
21.
I have read that theory in a
very old book
22.
I couldn't hear the teacher
because I sat at the back of
the classroom
23.
Do you know where there
is a post box? Yes, right at
that corner
24.
Be quiet, a little bird is at
the window. I will try to
catch it
25.
I live in Madison Avenue
in New York City
28ª: Preposiciones de lugar (II)
Gramática
Above: Por encima de
The lamp hangs above the table
Against: Contra
I put the mirrors against the wall
Among: Entre (más de 2 personas u objetos)
The Spanish flag waves among the other European ones
Behind: Detrás de
The child hides behind the tree
Below: Debajo de
The submarine sails below the surface
Beside: Junto a, al lado de
In the last meeting I sat beside my boss
Between: entre (2 personas u objetos)
I sat in the cinema between my wife and my daughter
In front of: Delante de
In the queue he was just in front of me
Inside: Dentro de
Your wallet is inside that drawer
Next to: Al lado de, junto a
I can see your daughter next to your house
Opposite: Enfrente de
The accused stood opposite the judge
Over: Por encima de , sobre
You can see an eagle flying over the forest
Under: Debajo de
The ball is under the car
Diferencias
a) Above / Over
Ambas preposiciones significan "por encima de" y con este
sentido se pueden utilizar indistintamente.
The birds fly above / over the fishing boat
No obstante la preposición "over" tiene otras acepciones:
1.- Al otro lado de:
He lives over the forest
2.- De un lado a otro:
There is a bridge over the railway
3.- Cubriendo:
He put a blanket over his son
b) Below / Under
Las dos significan "por debajo de" y en este sentido se pueden
utilizar en muchos casos indistintamente.
The cat sleeps below / under my bed
No obstante, si hay contacto físico hay que utilizar "under", ya
que "below" implica que existe un espacio entre ambos elementos
I put the letter under the book
The plane flys below the cloud
c) In front of / Opposite
Cuando se utilizan con personas:
1.- Opposite: uno delante del otro dándose la cara
In the train my friend sat opposite me (enfrente de mi, cara a
cara)
En la mesa, para señalar que una persona está enfrente de la otra.
In the restaurant my wife sat opposite me
2.- In front of: uno delante del otro, dándose la cara o la espalda
My broter stand in front of me (mi hermano está delante de mi;
puede ser dándome la cara o la espalda)
In the cinema my son sat in front of me (mi hijo se sentó delante
de mi dándome la espalda; aquí no se podría utilizar "opposite")
Cuando se utiliza con objetos la diferencia ya no es tan nítida, si
bien en algunas situaciones se tiende a utilizar una de ellas
determinada. Veamos algunos ejemplos:
Dos casas en la misma calle, una enfrente de la otra: "opposite"
My brother lives opposite me
Un plato en la mesa enfrente de un comensal: "in front of"
My mother put the plate in front of me
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una de estas preposiciones para completar las
siguientes oraciones. (además de las soluciones que aquí se dan,
puede haber otras alternativas igualmente válidas)
"Above" / "Against" / "Among" / "Behind" / "Below" /
"Beside" / "Between" / "In front of" / "Inside" / "Next to" /
"Opposite" / "On"
1.
My son sat in the cinema
________ me (detrás)
2.
That restaurant is
________ the bank where I
work (próximo)
3.
The springboard is
________ the swimming
pool
4.
I live on the fifth floor and
my brother ________ me,
on the second
5.
He stopped his car
________ his house
(delante)
6.
I put the ballpoint pen
________ the drawer
7.
In the cocktail party the
Spanish ambassador was
________ his colleagues
8.
The book that you are
looking for is ________
that shelf
9.
Peter, you left your
raincoat ________ my car
10.
The winner stood on the
podium ________ the
second and the third
11.
After the race, he was very
tired and leant ________
the tree
12.
I cannot find my glasses
but I am sure that I left
them ________ the keys (al
lado)
13.
The parachutist jumped
________ the village
14.
They are building a tunnel
________ the river
15.
I sat at the table ________
my boss (enfrente)
16.
Belgium is ________
Holland and France
17.
The cat sleeps ________
the roof
18.
He put the ladder
________ the wall
19.
In this photo you can see
my brother ________
friends
20.
I lived in the same street as
my parents; my house is
________ theirs (enfrente)
21.
The museum is ________
the railway station
(delante)
22.
It is very hot and the bull
rests ________ the tree
23.
You can find the butcher's
________ the baker's (al
lado)
24.
He arrived at the concert
very late and was in the
queue ________ me
(detrás)
25.
I parked my car ________
the traffic light (próximo)
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una de estas preposiciones para completar las
siguientes oraciones. (además de las soluciones que aquí se dan,
puede haber otras alternativas igualmente válidas)
"Above" / "Against" / "Among" / "Behind" / "Below" /
"Beside" / "Between" / "In front of" / "Inside" / "Next to" /
"Opposite" / "On"
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
My son sat in the cinema
behind me
2.
That restaurant is next to
the bank where I work
3.
The springboard is above
the swimming pool
4.
I live on the fifth floor and
my brother below me, on
the second
5.
He stopped his car in front
of his house
6.
I put the ballpoint pen
inside the drawer
7.
In the cocktail party the
Spanish ambassador was
among his colleagues
8.
The book that you are
looking for is on that shelf
9.
Peter, you left your
raincoat inside my car
10.
The winner stood on the
podium between the second
and the third
11.
After the race, he was very
tired and leant against the
tree
12.
I cannot find my glasses
but I am sure that I left
them beside the keys
13.
The parachutist jumped
above the village
14.
They are building a tunnel
below the river
15.
I sat at the table opposite
my boss
16.
Belgium is between
Holland and France
17.
He put the ladder against
the wall
18.
The cat sleeps on the roof
19.
In this photo you can see
my brother among friends
20.
I lived in the same street as
my parents; my house is
opposite theirs
21.
The museum is in front of
the railway station
22.
It is very hot and the bull
rests below the tree
23.
You can find the butcher's
beside the baker's
24.
He arrived at the concert
very late and was in the
queue behind me
25.
I parked my car next to the
traffic light
29ª: Preposiciones de movimiento: To / In / On / At
Gramática
a) From: Indica el origen de un movimiento.
We went from Paris to London
I come from Spain
Where do you come from?
b) To: Indica el destino, el punto final de un movimiento, con
verbos como:
to go to / to come to / to drive to / to fly to /
to travel to / to run to / to walk to
I will go to America
You walk to the cinema
She flied to London
My father drove to the beach
He went to a party
She went to bed
La expresión "to get + to" significa llegar a un destino; se puede
utilizar con cualquier destino:
This morning I got to the office at 10 o'clock
She got to England last week
c) Into: cuando el movimiento finaliza dentro de un lugar.
The police went into my house
It is raining; we can go into the cinema
Mientras que la preposición "in" se utiliza habitualmente para
indicar posición.
He studies in his room
d) "Out of": salir de un lugar
He went out of the theatre
The robbers went out of the bank with a hostage
e) "On"; cuando el movimiento finaliza sobre una superficie
The birds land on the tree
The rain falls on the car
"On" se puede utilizar también para indicar posición
Your glasses are on your desk
f) Onto: movimiento que implica un cambio de nivel
My father went up onto the roof
The cat jumped onto the chair
Peculiaridades
1.- Con el verbo "to arrive" no se utiliza la preposición "to" sino:
"in" (si el destino es una ciudad o un país)
"at" (si el destino es un pueblo u otros destinos)
I arrived in Paris / in France
She arrives at the museum / at the railway station
2.- Con el sustantivo "home" no se utiliza preposición:
To go home: ir a casa
To get home: llegar a casa
To come home: venir a casa
Why don't you come home?
After work I went home
Yesterday I got home very late
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición de movimiento para completar las
siguientes oraciones. En algunas oraciones puede que no haya
que utilizar ninguna preposición; indícalo con una X. (En
algunos casos podría ser igualmente valida alguna otra respuesta
diferente a la que aquí se facilita)
1.
Can you come ________
home this evening?
2.
The students went
________ the school and
crossed the road
3.
When George arrived
________ the bookshop, it
was closed
4.
Jack flew ________ New
York from Mexico DC
5.
Sunday morning my family
goes ________ church
6.
The climber went
________ the top of the
mountain
7.
We arrived ________ Paris
last Friday evening
8.
Helen was coming
________ Geneva by car
when she had the accident
9.
The robbers went
________ the jewellery
shop before it was open
10.
After dinner we got
________ the cinema to
see the new film of
Almodovar
11.
It was very late so I
decided to go ________ the
airport by taxi
12.
The bees landed ________
the rose
13.
This road goes straight
________ the beach
14.
I arrived ________ school
with my kids
15.
We went ________ the
building through the car
park
16.
If you want to go ________
Cordoba you should get
the next train
17.
In the middle of the storm
the fighter landed
________ the aircraft
carrier
18.
The builders went
________ the scaffolding
to repair the roof
19.
Oh! It is very late; we
should go ________ home!
20.
The dentist arrived
________ his surgery at 10
o'clock
21.
The dog jumped ________
the bed to play with the
child
22.
The train comes ________
Barcelona with a 2 hour
delay
23.
This morning my brother
arrived ________ work
very late
24.
The snow fell ________
the court and the match
had to be suspended
25.
My parents arrived
________ Athens yesterday
night
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición de movimiento para completar las
siguientes oraciones. En algunas oraciones puede que no haya
que utilizar ninguna preposición; indícalo con una X. (En
algunos casos podría ser igualmente valida alguna otra respuesta
diferente a la que aquí se facilita)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Can you come home this
evening?
2.
The students went out of
the school and crossed the
road
3.
When George arrived at
the bookshop, it was closed
4.
Jack flew to New York
from Mexico DC
5.
Sunday morning my family
goes to church
6.
The climber went onto the
top of the mountain
7.
We arrived in Paris last
Friday evening
8.
Helen was coming from
Geneva by car when she
had the accident
9.
The robbers went into the
jewellery shop before it
was open
10.
After dinner we got to the
cinema to see the new film
of Almodovar
11.
It was very late so I
decided to go to the airport
by taxi
12.
The bees landed on the
rose
13.
This road goes straight to
the beach
14.
I arrived at school with my
kids
15.
We went out of the
building through the car
park
16.
If you want to go to
Cordoba you should get
the next train
17.
In the middle of the storm
the fighter landed on the
aircraft carrier
18.
The builders went onto the
scaffolding to repair the
roof
19.
Oh! It is very late; we
should go home!
20.
The dentist arrived at his
surgery at 10 o'clock
21.
The dog jumped onto the
bed to play with the child
22.
The train comes from
Barcelona with a 2 hour
delay
23.
This morning my brother
arrived at work very late
24.
The snow fell on the court
and the match had to be
suspended
25.
My parents arrived in
Athens yesterday night
30ª: Preposiciones de movimiento (II)
Gramática
Across: de un lado a otro
James swims across the river
Along: a lo largo de
Every morning Michael runs along the beach
Down: Abajo
Paul went down the hill
Over: sobre, por encima de
The horse jumps over the fence
Round: alrededor de
The dog runs round the house chasing the cat
Through: a través de
Henry hit the ball and it went into the classroom through the
window
Towards: hacia
That plane flies towards America
Up: Arriba
Thomas went up the stairs to take the English dictionary
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición de movimiento para completar las
siguientes oraciones. Aunque en las respuestas se dan unas
soluciones puede que otras alternativas también sean válidas.
1.
Every morning I run half
an hour ________ the
tennis court (alrededor)
2.
He went ________ to the
cellar and picked a bottle
of red wine
3.
The athletes ran ________
the track training for the
Olympic Games
4.
I like walking ________
the beach early in the
morning
5.
The missile passed
________ the city and
exploded at the airport
6.
The plane went ________
and crashed into the
village
7.
The helicopter flies
________ the jungle
looking for survivors of the
plane crash
8.
The rescue team went
________ the mine to try to
help the trapped miners
9.
The sailing boat sails
________ the beach
10.
The petrol flows ________
the pipe into the engine
11.
The river flows ________
the sea
12.
The swallows fly ________
their nests
13.
Martin ran ________ the
street from one side to the
other
14.
The fire engine ran
________ the runway
while the plane on fire
tried to land
15.
The ferry sails ________
the channel from France
to England
16.
My cat ran ________ the
tree and chased a little bird
17.
The train passed ________
the tunnel at a very high
speed
18.
After the collision the
Russian submarine went
________ to the surface
19.
The American rockets fly
________ Mars
20.
The storks fly ________
the tower looking for a
place for their nest
(alrededor)
21.
Can your horse jump
________ that fence?
22.
The bullet entered
________ the window and
hit the kidnapper
23.
The terrorist went
________ the border into
Italy
24.
The child kicked the ball
and it went ________ the
wall and hit a pedestrian
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición de movimiento para completar las
siguientes oraciones. Aunque en las respuestas se dan unas
soluciones puede que otras alternativas también sean válidas.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Every morning I run half
an hour round the tennis
court
2.
He went down to the cellar
and picked a bottle of red
wine
3.
The athletes ran round the
track training for the
Olympic Games
4.
I like walking along the
beach a lot early in the
morning
5.
The missile passed over the
city and exploded at the
airport
6.
The plane went down and
crashed into the village
7.
The helicopter flies over
the jungle looking for
survivors of the plane
crash
8.
The rescue team went
down the mine to try to
help the trapped miners
9.
The sailing boat sails
along the beach
10.
The petrol flows through
the pipe into the engine
11.
The river flows towards the
sea
12.
The swallows fly towards
their nests
13.
Martin ran across the
street from one side to the
other
14.
The fire engine ran along
the runway while the plane
on fire tried to land
15.
The ferry sails across the
channel from France to
England
16.
My cat ran up the tree and
chased a little bird
17.
The train passed through
the tunnel at a very high
speed
18.
After the collision the
Russian submarine went
up to the surface
19.
The American rockets fly
towards Mars
20.
The storks fly round the
tower looking for a place
for their nest
21.
Can your horse jump over
that fence?
22.
The bullet entered through
the window and hit the
kidnapper
23.
The terrorist went across
the border into Italy
24.
The child kicked the ball
and it went over the wall
and hit a pedestrian
31ª: Preposiciones utilizadas con medios de transporte
Gramática
a) Viajar en un medio de transporte
Si se hace referencia únicamente al medio de transporte utilizado
y no a un vehículo concreto se utiliza la preposición "by":
To go by car
To go by train
To go by plane
To go by ship
To go by bus
To go by motorbike
To go by bicycle
También:
By road
By sea
By air
By rail
By underground
Salvo en las expresiones:
On foot
On horse
On a bicycle
Cuando se hace referencia a un vehículo concreto:
1.- Se utiliza la preposición "in" con los siguientes vehículos:
In my car
In a taxi
2.- Y la preposición "on" con los siguientes vehículos:
On the bus number 12
On the 09:00 train
On a very old ship
On my bike
b) Subir o bajar de un medio de transporte
Depende del tipo de vehículo:
1.- Con "car", "taxi" se utilizan las expresiones:
Get in (into): subir
Get out of : bajar
2.- Con "train", "bus", "horse", "bicycle", "motorbike", etc.:
Get on (onto): subir
Get off : bajar
3.- Con un barco se utiliza la expresión:
To go on board
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición para completar las siguientes
oraciones.
1.
Daniel came from Israel
________ plane
2.
The accident took place
when the old woman was
getting ________ the taxi
3.
My house is not far from
here: we can go ________
foot
4.
You can go ________ the
bus number 11 to the
centre of town
5.
We can go to the zoo
________ my car
6.
From Cordoba to
Barcelona you can go
________ the 09:15 train
7.
Get ________ my car
immediately!
8.
How do you prefer to go to
England, ________ train
or by bus?
9.
Come on! Get ________
the train! It is leaving
10.
The best way to move in
Paris is ________
underground
11.
The police ordered me to
stop and get ________ my
motorbike
12.
George, it is time to go
________ board
13.
The cowboy got ________
his horse and went into the
saloon
14.
Last summer my parents
went to Rome ________
car
15.
From the airport to the
hotel we went ________ a
very old taxi
16.
I really enjoyed it when I
went to Mallorca ________
a sailing boat
17.
The fastest way to cross the
channel is ________
hovercraft
18.
The police went ________
the train and arrested two
terrorists
19.
It is possible to go to the
post office ________ foot?
20.
My sister went to the
village ________ her
bicycle
21.
The robbers went
________ a black van and
drove off
22.
The fire brigade arrived to
the valley ________
helicopter
23.
To go to the hospital you
should get ________ the
bus at the next stop
24.
The president of Italy
arrived in Paris ________
plane
25.
When it is sunny I go to
work ________ my bicycle
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición para completar las siguientes
oraciones.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Daniel came from Israel by
plane
2.
The accident took place
when the old woman was
getting in the taxi
3.
My house is not far from
here: we can go on foot
4.
You can go on the bus
number 11 to the centre of
town
5.
We can go to the zoo in my
car
6.
From Cordoba to
Barcelona you can go on
the 09:15 train
7.
Get out of my car
immediately!
8.
How do you prefer to go to
England, by train or by
bus?
9.
Come on! Get on the train!
It is leaving
10.
The best way to move in
Paris is by underground
11.
The police ordered me to
stop and get off my
motorbike
12.
George, it is time to go on
board
13.
The cowboy got off his
horse and went into the
saloon
14.
Last summer my parents
went to Rome by car
15.
From the airport to the
hotel we went in a very old
taxi
16.
I really enjoyed it when I
went to Mallorca on a
sailing boat
17.
The fastest way to cross the
channel is by hovercraft
18.
The police went on the
train and arrested two
terrorists
19.
It is possible to go to the
post office on foot?
20.
My sister went to the
village on her bicycle
21.
The robbers went into a
black van and drove off
22.
The fire brigade arrived to
the valley by helicopter
23.
To go to the hospital you
should get off the bus at
the next stop
24.
The president of Italy
arrived in Paris by plane
25.
When it is sunny I go to
work on my bicycle
32ª: Preposiciones de tiempo: At / On / In
Gramática
At
Se utiliza para señalar momentos puntuales del día:
At six o'clock
At midday
At breakfast time
At what time?
También se utiliza en:
At the age of 14 years
At the weekend
Y con periodos vacacionales oficiales:
At Christmas
At Easter
On
Con días de la semana o días determinados:
On Monday
On Friday evenings
On my birthday
On 15 November
In
Con meses del año:
In January, in April
Con estaciones:
In winter, in autumn
Con años:
In 1964
Con siglos:
In the 19th century
Con períodos del día:
In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening (pero: at night)
No obstante, si se indica a que día corresponde ese periodo
entonces se utiliza "on":
On Friday morning
On Saturday night
In + a period of time:
In 10 weeks
In two hours
In three months
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición para completar las siguientes
oraciones.
1.
The film starts ________
10 o'clock
2.
I am sure that I will finish
my report ________
Sunday
3.
I was born in Seville
________ 1964
4.
I think that the best time to
go to Paris is ________
Christmas
5.
My brother will arrive
from London ________
Friday afternoon
6.
I want to organize a big
party ________ my
birthday
7.
In Madrid it is very cold
________ winter
8.
Napoleon lived ________
the 19th century
9.
We can go to the beach
________ the weekend
10.
I usually get up ________
six o'clock
11.
Normally I feel very tired
________ night
12.
The final match will take
place ________ 15
November
13.
I prefer to play tennis
________ the evenings
14.
I started to work in this
company ________
February
15.
We can go to the theatre
________ Friday evening
16.
In the office I have one
hour free ________ lunch
time
17.
In my family it is a
tradition to dinner together
________ Christmas day
18.
The Olympic Games took
place in Barcelona
________ 1992
19.
________ summer, Seville
is full of tourist
20.
________ the 20th century
there were two world wars
21.
The American astronaut
Amstrong went to the
Moon ________ 1969
22.
The first time I went to
London I arrived ________
two o'clock in the morning
23.
I will finish my studies
________ December
24.
My family usually goes to
mass ________ Sunday
morning
Exercises
1.- Selecciona una preposición para completar las siguientes
oraciones.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
The film starts at 10
o'clock
2.
I am sure that I will finish
my report on Sunday
3.
I was born in Seville in
1964
4.
I think that the best time to
go to Paris is at Christmas
5.
My brother will arrive
from London on Friday
afternoon
6.
I want to organize a big
party on my birthday
7.
In Madrid it is very cold in
winter
8.
Napoleon lived in the 19th
century
9.
We can go to the beach at
the weekend
10.
I usually get up at six
o'clock
11.
Normally I feel very tired
at night
12.
The final match will take
place on 15 November
13.
I prefer to play tennis in
the evenings
14.
I started to work in this
company in February
15.
We can go to the theatre
on Friday evening
16.
In the office I have one
hour free at lunch time
17.
In my family it is a
tradition to dinner together
on Christmas day
18.
The Olympic Games took
place in Barcelona in 1992
19.
In summer, Seville is full
of tourist
20.
In the 20th century there
were two world wars
21.
The American astronaut
Amstrong went to the
Moon in 1969
22.
The first time I went to
London I arrived at two
o'clock in the morning
23.
I will finish my studies in
December
24.
My family usually goes to
mass on Sunday morning
33ª: For / Since
Gramática
Ambas preposiciones se utilizan para indicar la duración de una
acción:
Since: indica el comienzo de la acción. La acción se prolonga
hasta el momento en que habla el emisor.
For: señala la duración de la acción.
Ejemplos:
I have been living in Seville since last june (y sigo viviendo)
I haven't seen you since last week (y hasta este momento no te he
visto)
Yesterday I studied for three hours
I have been living in Seville for 1 year
I haven't seen you for a week
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "for" o "since".
1.
I have been studying
mathematics ________
three hours
2.
George has worked in this
company ________ 8 years
3.
The socialist party has
been in power ________
March 2004
4.
This terrorist has been in
prison ________ three
years
5.
My mother has been
travelling ________ last
April
6.
The oil price has been
going up ________ three
months
7.
Alice has been in her
bedroom ________ two
hours
8.
We have been married
________ 1992
9.
The socialist party has
been in power ________ 6
months
10.
What weather! It has been
snowing ________ two
days
11.
It is unbelievable. They
have been arguing
________ 6 o'clock
12.
The oil price has been
going up ________ last
March
13.
My French teacher has
been ill ________ one
week
14.
I have been studying
mathematics ________ 4
o'clock
15.
This terrorist has been in
prison ________ 2001
16.
My boyfriend has been
sleeping ________ 7
o'clock yesterday evening
17.
My mother has been
travelling ________ 4
months
18.
Alice has been in her
bedroom ________ 6
o'clock
19.
George has worked in this
company ________ 1997
20.
My boyfriend has been
sleeping ________ 15
hours
21.
We have been married
________ 12 years
22.
It is unbelievable. They
have been arguing
________ 4 hours
23.
My French teacher has
been ill ________ last week
24.
Our king has been abroad
________ 10 days
25.
It has been snowing
________ Thursday
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "for" o "since".
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I have been studying
mathematics for three
hours
2.
George has worked in this
company for 8 years
3.
The socialist party has
been in power since March
2004
4.
This terrorist has been in
prison for three years
5.
My mother has been
travelling since last April
6.
The oil price has been
going up for three months
7.
Alice has been in her
bedroom for two hours
8.
We have been married
since 1992
9.
The socialist party has
been in power for 6 months
10.
What weather! It has been
snowing for two days
11.
It is unbelievable. They
have been arguing since 6
o'clock
12.
The oil price has been
going up since last March
13.
My French teacher has
been ill for one week
14.
I have been studying
mathematics since 4
o'clock
15.
This terrorist has been in
prison since 2001
16.
My boyfriend has been
sleeping since 7 o'clock
yesterday evening
17.
My mother has been
travelling for 4 months
18.
Alice has been in her
bedroom since 6 o'clock
19.
George has worked in this
company since 1997
20.
My boyfriend has been
sleeping for 15 hours
21.
We have been married for
12 years
22.
It is unbelievable. They
have been arguing for 4
hours
23.
My French teacher has
been ill since last week
24.
Our king has been abroad
for 10 days
25.
It has been snowing since
Thursday
34ª: For / During
Gramática
Las dos preposiciones se traducen por "durante".
1.- For + (periodo de tiempo): describe la duración temporal de
una acción.
For three hours
For one week
For two years,...
No se puede decir: During three hours, During one week, During
two years
2.- During + sustantivo: señala el momento durante el cual se
desarrolla la acción, NO la duración de ésta. Indica un periodo de
tiempo que tiene nombre propio.
During the summer
During the concert
During the meal
During the holidays
During the Middle Ages
During my childhood,...
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "for" o "during".
1.
I have been waiting here
________ three hours
2.
The plumber has been
repairing the tap ________
1 hour
3.
I learnt to play tennis
________ my childhood
4.
My wife phoned me
________ the film
5.
Next December my friend
is going abroad ________
two weeks
6.
I made a lot of friends
________ my holiday in
Greece
7.
My boss received my
message ________ the
meeting
8.
The Conservative Party
has been in power
________ 8 years
9.
The goal keeper injured
himself ________ the
match
10.
James has been in hospital
________ 10 days
11.
It snowed ________ two
days and we had to stay at
home
12.
The child has been crying
________ hours
13.
The murderer has been
sent to prison ________ 15
years
14.
Jennifer started feeling
bad ________ the meal
15.
The robber entered my
house ________ the night
16.
I got married ________ the
summer of 1992
17.
She has been reading the
newspaper ________ half
an hour
18.
The student has been
doing his homework
________ 3 hours
19.
My son has been learning
English ________ 6 years
20.
It rained a lot ________
Christmas
21.
Workers didn't receive
their salaries ________ the
strike
22.
I have been living in Spain
________ 5 years
23.
The student has been
doing his homework
________ the evening
24.
Andrew has been very ill
________ this winter
25.
I fell asleep ________ the
afternoon
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "for" o "during".
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I have been waiting here
for three hours
2.
The plumber has been
repairing the tap for 1
hour
3.
My wife phoned me during
the film
4.
I learnt to play tennis
during my childhood
5.
Next December my friend
is going abroad for two
weeks
6.
I made a lot of friends
during my holiday in
Greece
7.
My boss received my
message during the
meeting
8.
The Conservative Party
has been in power for 8
years
9.
The goal keeper injured
himself during the match
10.
James has been in hospital
for 10 days
11.
It snowed for two days and
we had to stay at home
12.
The child has been crying
for hours
13.
The murderer has been
sent to prison for 15 years
14.
Jennifer started feeling
bad during the meal
15.
The robber entered my
house during the night
16.
I got married during the
summer of 1992
17.
She has been reading the
newspaper for half an
hour
18.
The student has been
doing his homework for 3
hours
19.
My son has been learning
English for 6 years
20.
It rained a lot during
Christmas
21.
Workers didn't receive
their salaries during the
strike
22.
I have been living in Spain
for 5 years
23.
The student has been
doing his homework
during the evening
24.
Andrew has been very ill
during this winter
25.
I fell asleep during the
afternoon
35ª: From / Since
Gramática
1.- From: desde.
Se utiliza con expresiones de tiempo y lugar.
Se suele utilizar conjuntamente con las preposiciones "to" (de
tiempo o lugar) o "till / until" (expresiones de tiempo).
Con ellas se indica el principio y el final de un periodo o de un
movimiento. Se utiliza cuando la acción ya ha terminado o no ha
empezado todavía.
He lived in Madrid from 1990 to / till 1995
We walked from the school to the bus stop
Cuando no va la preposición "from" hay que utilizar las
preposiciones "till / until" pero no "to"
He lived in Madrid till 1995
2.- Since: desde
Se utiliza con expresiones de tiempo, nunca expresiones de lugar.
Con ella se indica el principio du un periodo que se extiende haste
el momento en el que se desarrolla la acción principal.
Simce se suele utilizar con present perfect o past perfect
We have been married since 1992
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "from" / "since" o
"till".
1.
I have been living in Spain
________ 1995
2.
This train goes ________
Barcelona to Paris
3.
I work every morning
________ 9 o'clock to 12
o'clock
4.
She told me that she had
been waiting ________ 7
o'clock
5.
My teacher will be at
school ________ 10
o'clock
6.
I have been working in this
company ________ I
finished my studies
7.
The meeting will last
________ 5 o'clock to 7
o'clock
8.
This motorway goes
________ London to
Manchester
9.
I haven't seen him
________ his divorce
10.
David studied at the
university ________ 1991
to 1996
11.
Alice has been dancing
________ midnight
12.
These workers have been
on strike ________ last
Christmas
13.
Where do you come
________ ?
14.
Kevin has been abroad
________ Saturday
15.
This flight goes ________
Rome to London
16.
I haven't felt well
________ yesterday
evening
17.
My father will be out of his
office ________ 08:30 to
10 o'clock
18.
I was unemployed
________ January to
March
19.
Last summer I went by
bike ________ Madrid to
Paris in 10 days
20.
The Spanish prime
minister has been in power
________ 2004
21.
I waited for him ________
2 o'clock to 3:30
22.
Emma has been ill
________ her childhood
23.
I will be in London
________ Monday to
Friday
24.
This supermarket opens
________ 9 o'clock to 5:30
25.
That terrorist has been in
prison ________ 1996
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "from" / "since" o
"till".
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I have been living in Spain
since 1995
2.
This train goes from
Barcelona to Paris
3.
I work every morning from
9 o'clock to 12 o'clock
4.
She told me that she had
been waiting since 7
o'clock
5.
My teacher will be at
school till 10 o'clock
6.
I have been working in this
company since I finished
my studies
7.
The meeting will last from
5 o'clock to 7 o'clock
8.
This motorway goes from
London to Manchester
9.
I haven't seen him since
his divorce
10.
David studied at the
university from 1991 to
1996
11.
Alice has been dancing
since midnight
12.
These workers have been
on strike since last
Christmas
13.
Where do you come from?
14.
Kevin has been abroad
since Saturday
15.
This flight goes from Rome
to London
16.
I haven't felt well since
yesterday evening
17.
My father will be out of his
office from 08:30 to 10
o'clock
18.
I was unemployed from
January to March
19.
Last summer I went by
bike from Madrid to Paris
in 10 days
20.
The Spanish prime
minister has been in power
since 2004
21.
I waited for him from 2
o'clock to 3:30
22.
Emma has been ill since
her childhood
23.
I will be in London from
Monday to Friday
24.
This supermarket opens
from 9 o'clock to 5:30
25.
That terrorist has been in
prison since 1996
36ª: Like / As
Gramática
Cuando se utilizan como preposiciones van seguidas de un
sustantivo o de un pronombre.
"Like" se traduce por "como / igual que / similar a / parecido a"
con el sentido de similitud. Se trata de una comparación:
He behaved like a kid (no es que fuera un niño, pero lo parecía)
Your car is fast like a rocket
He looks like his father
"As" se traduce también por "como" con el sentido de "en
calidad de". Se trata de una identidad.
Use this rope as a belt (la cuerda no se parece a un cinturón, pero
se utiliza haciendo la función de cinturón)
The army used this building as its headquarters
En el siguiente ejemplo se puede ver la diferencia entre "like" y
"as":
My house is always full of people, it is like a hotel (es parecido a
un hotel)
The building where I live was used before as a hotel (funcionó en
calidad de hotel)
También se utiliza la preposición "as" con profesiones:
My brother works as a lawyer
"As" se puede utilizar también como conjunción en cuyo caso va
seguido por una oración (sujeto + verbo). Se traduce por "como".
The terrorist acted as we expected
Do your homework as your teacher has told you
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "like" o "as".
1.
My boss is very strict; he is
________ a sergeant
2.
His house is very big; it is
________ a castle
3.
He has found a job in
Marbella ________ a
gardener
4.
The thief threatened the
old couple using a
screwdriver ________ a
weapon
5.
During the war they used
this local road ________
an airfield
6.
You must reply to the judge
________ your lawyer has
told you
7.
When I finished my studies
I started working ________
an accountant
8.
What a beautiful place! It
is ________ paradise
9.
Can you swim that
distance ________ fast as I
can?
10.
My wife always behaves
________ her mother
11.
What a big dog! It is
________ a pony
12.
What a scandal in the
restaurant! That person
behaved ________ a clown
13.
Be careful! That dog is
fierce ________ a tiger
14.
When he was young he
worked in Paris ________
a postman
15.
Helen didn't pass her exam
________ we expected
16.
You can go to work
walking ________ I do. It
is very healthy
17.
When he was attacked in
the street he reacted
________ a coward
18.
In summer they use the
local school ________ a
sports centre
19.
She is very funny. I really
________ people like her
20.
Who is that guy? He looks
________ my teacher
21.
I have brought you this
book ________ I promised
22.
I wouldn't have reacted
________ you did
23.
Edward is really angry. He
looks ________ a madman
24.
What a fantastic swimming
pool! It is really big,
________ a lake
25.
George, you can work here
________ my assistant
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con "like" o "as".
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
My boss is very strict; he is
like a sergeant
2.
His house is very big; it is
like a castle
3.
He has found a job in
Marbella as a gardener
4.
The thief threatened the
old couple using a
screwdriver as a weapon
5.
During the war they used
this local road as an
airfield
6.
You must reply to the judge
as your lawyer has told you
7.
When I finished my studies
I started working as an
accountant
8.
What a beautiful place! It
is like paradise
9.
Can you swim that
distance as fast as I can?
10.
My wife always behaves
like her mother
11.
What a big dog! It is like a
pony
12.
What a scandal in the
restaurant! That person
behaved like a clown
13.
Be careful! That dog is
fierce like a tiger
14.
When he was young he
worked in Paris as a
postman
15.
Helen didn't pass her exam
as we expected
16.
You can go to work
walking as I do. It is very
healthy
17.
When he was attacked in
the street he reacted like a
coward
18.
In summer they use the
local school as a sports
centre
19.
She is very funny. I really
like people like her
20.
Who is that guy? He looks
like my teacher
21.
I have brought you this
book as I promised
22.
I wouldn't have reacted as
you did
23.
Edward is really angry. He
looks like a madman
24.
What a fantastic swimming
pool! It is really big, like a
lake
25.
George, you can work here
as my assistant
Adjetivos seguidos de preposiciones
Gramática
According + to
Accustomed + to
Afraid, frightened, terrified, scared, proud, ashamed, jealous,
envious, suspicious + of (someone / something)
Angry, annoyed, furious + about (something) / with (someone for
doing something)
Anxious + about
Aware, conscious + of (something)
Capable, incapable + of (something)
Crowded + with (people)
Delighted, pleased, satisfied, disappointed, bored, fed up + with
(something)
Different + from (someone / something)
Excited, worried, upset + about (something)
Famous + for (something)
Fit + for
Fond + of (someone / something)
Full + of (something)
Good, bad, excellent+ at (doing something) / for (someone /
something)
Impressed + by (someone / something)
Interested + in (something)
Keen + on (something)
Married, engaged + to (someone)
Nervous + of
Nice, kind, good, generous, mean, stupid, silly, intelligent, clever,
polite, rude, unreasonable + of (someone)
Prepared + for
Ready + for
Responsible + for (something)
Short + of (something)
Similar + to (something)
Sorry + about (something) / for (doing something)
Successful + in
Surprised, shocked, amazed, astonished + by (something)
Tired + of (something)
Used + to
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una preposición.
1.
He was impressed
________ the prices of the
houses
2.
The man is very fond
________ his son
3.
I think that Daniel is not
fit ________ the marathon
4.
It was very nice ________
you to lend me your car
5.
Thomas was surprised
________ his boss's
decision
6.
When I was a child I was
frightened ________
wolves
7.
I am completely ashamed
________ your behaviour
8.
The teacher was conscious
________ her efforts
9.
I am used ________
working very hard
10.
It is very good ________
you to practice tennis
11.
He was really angry
________ his neighbour
for doing barbecues
12.
It was very intelligent
________ you to call the
police
13.
You have been always
generous ________ me
14.
I am not used ________
criticisms!
15.
We are short ________
coffee; we should buy
some
16.
I am very suspicious
________ her kindness
17.
It has been very polite
________ your parents to
invite me for dinner
18.
I am very upset ________
today's earthquake in
Spain
19.
My wife is very interested
________ French cooking
20.
Gary is very bad ________
foreign languages
21.
According ________ his
information our company
has merged with an Italian
one
22.
You have been very rude
________ your sister
23.
My brother was furious
________ me for taking his
racket
24.
It was very stupid
________ the referee to
award a penalty to the
visiting team
25.
It was very kind ________
him to help me with my
exam
26.
I am scared ________ that
man who looked at me
persistently
27.
I am aware ________ your
claim but I cannot do
nothing
28.
Jack is very famous
________ his music
29.
In August the Spanish
beaches are crowded
________ tourists
30.
My friend has got married
________ an English girl
31.
I regret to tell you that you
are not prepared ________
this exam
32.
You are completely
different ________ your
brothers and sisters
33.
I am very worried
________ my son's health
34.
I am excited ________
going to the beach this
weekend
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una preposición.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
He was impressed by the
prices of the houses
2.
The man is very fond of
his son
3.
I think that Daniel is not
fit for the marathon
4.
It was very nice of you to
lend me your car
5.
Thomas was surprised by
his boss's decision
6.
When I was a child I was
frightened of wolves
7.
I am completely ashamed
of your behaviour
8.
The teacher was conscious
of her efforts
9.
I am used to working very
hard
10.
It is very good for you to
practice tennis
11.
He was really angry with
his neighbour for doing
barbecues
12.
It was very intelligent of
you to call the police
13.
You have been always
generous to me
14.
I am not used to
criticisms!
15.
We are short of coffee; we
should buy some
16.
I am very suspicious of
her kindness
17.
It has been very polite of
your parents to invite me
for dinner
18.
I am very upset about
today's earthquake in
Spain
19.
My wife is very interested
in French cooking
20.
Gary is very bad at foreign
languages
21.
According to his
information our company
has merged with an
Italian one
22.
You have been very rude
to your sister
23.
My brother was furious
with me for taking his
racket
24.
It was very stupid of the
referee to award a penalty
to the visiting team
25.
It was very kind of him to
help me with my exam
26.
I am scared of that man
who looked at me
persistently
27.
I am aware of your claim
but I cannot do nothing
28.
Jack is very famous for his
music
29.
In August the Spanish
beaches are crowded with
tourists
30.
My friend has got married
to an English girl
31.
I regret to tell you that you
are not prepared for this
exam
32.
You are completely
different from your
brothers and sisters
33.
I am very worried about
my son's health
34.
I am excited about going
to the beach this weekend
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una preposición.
1.
My family is completely
shocked ________ his
death
2.
I am very pleased
________ my promotion
3.
It was very clever
________ the robber to be
able to pass all the
security checks
4.
It is unreasonable
________ you to demand
that compensation
5.
When I was in the
Caribbean I was afraid
________ the hurricanes
6.
It was silly ________ you
to enter in that shop with
your dog
7.
He was jealous ________
her former boyfriend
8.
I was very disappointed
________ my colleagues
9.
William was annoyed
________ his wife for
buying a new washing-
machine
10.
His father was always
very mean ________ him
11.
I am delighted ________
this weather
12.
Thomas was amazed
________ her superb
performance
13.
I am tired ________ this
stupid book
14.
Simon has always been
very successful ________
making money
15.
The child was very sorry
________ breaking the
window
16.
It is excellent ________
your health to run half an
hour every morning
17.
The president is
responsible ________ the
results of the company
18.
Your car is similar
________ mine
19.
I am ready ________ my
wedding
20.
The parents were anxious
________ the results of
their son's operation
21.
That spy was capable
________ betraying his
country
22.
Janet was always envious
________ her sister's
beauty
23.
You have always been
very good ________ me
24.
I am really satisfied
________ my new car
25.
This mother was very
proud ________ her
daughter
26.
The students were
nervous ________ their
examination results
27.
It is disgusting! This
beach is full ________
rubbish
28.
My sister is engaged
________ my best friend
29.
Richard is terrified
________ flying
30.
I am very keen ________
playing tennis
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una preposición.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
My family is completely
shocked by his death
2.
I am very pleased with
my promotion
3.
It was very clever of the
robber to be able to pass
all the security checks
4.
It is unreasonable of you
to demand that
compensation
5.
When I was in the
Caribbean I was afraid of
the hurricanes
6.
It was silly of you to enter
in that shop with your
dog
7.
He was jealous of her
former boyfriend
8.
I was very disappointed
with my colleagues
9.
William was annoyed
with his wife for buying a
new washing-machine
10.
His father was always
very mean to him
11.
I am delighted with this
weather
12.
Thomas was amazed by
her superb performance
13.
I am tired of this stupid
book
14.
Simon has always been
very successful in
making money
15.
The child was very sorry
for breaking the window
16.
It is excellent for your
health to run half an
hour every morning
17.
The president is
responsible for the
results of the company
18.
Your car is similar to
mine
19.
I am ready for my
wedding
20.
The parents were
anxious about the results
of their son's operation
21.
That spy was capable of
betraying his country
22.
Janet was always envious
of her sister's beauty
23.
You have always been
very good to me
24.
I am really satisfied with
my new car
25.
This mother was very
proud of her daughter
26.
The students were
nervous of their
examination results
27.
It is disgusting! This
beach is full of rubbish
28.
My sister is engaged to
my best friend
29.
Richard is terrified of
flying
30.
I am very keen on
playing tennis
38ª: Verbos + preposiciones
Gramática
To accuse (someone) of (something)
To apologise to (someone) for (something)
To apply for (a job)
To ask (someone) about (someone / something)
To ask (someone) for (something) (pedir algo)
To believe in (something)
To belong to (someone)
To blame (someone / something) for (something)
To borrow (something) from (someone)
To compare (something) with (something)
To complain to (someone) about (someone / something)
To concentrate on (something)
To congratulate (someone) on (something)
To crash into (something) (estrellarse)
To depend on (someone / something)
To die of (an illness)
To divide (something) into (parts)
To dream about (someone / something)
To explain (a problem) to (someone)
To forgive (someone) for (something)
To happen to (someone / something)
To hear about (something)
To insist on
To invite (someone) to (a party)
To laugh at
To listen to (someone / something)
To look after (someone / something)
To look at (someone / something)
To look for (someone / something) (to try to find)
To look forward to
To object to (someone / something)
To pay (someone) for (something)
To persist in
To prefer (someone / something) to (someone / something)
To prepare for
To protect (someone / something) from (someone /
something)
To provide (someone) with (something)
To punish (someone) for (something)
To remind (someone) of (someone / something) (me hace
redordar)
To remind (someone) about (something) (recordarle a
alguien algo)
To run into (something) (estrellarse) / (someone) (atropellar)
To spend (money) on (something)
To shout at (someone) (angrily) / to (someone) (para que se
entere)
To smile at
To speak to (someone) about (someone / something)
To succeed in
To suffer from (an illness)
To take care of (someone / something)
To talk to (someone) about (someone / something)
To thank (someone) for (something)
To think about (someone / something) (reflexionar sobre
algo, recordar)
To think of (pensar en algo, imaginar, recordar)
To throw (something) at (someone / something) (para
golpearle)
To throw (something) to (someone / something) (para que lo
coja)
To translate (a book) from (one language) into (another
language)
To wait for (someone / something)
To warn(someone) about (someone / something)
To write to (someone)
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una preposición.
1.
Next Friday I have to
look ________ my kids
2.
He lost control of his car
and ran ________ the
news-stand
3.
You must think
________ your
marriage; it doesn't
work
4.
Last Sunday I had to
borrow a tennis racket
________ my brother
5.
That old lady spent all
her money ________
gambling
6.
Our president persists
________ his arguments
to oppose the merger
7.
I have been thinking
________ your proposals
but I definitively cannot
accept it
8.
This scarf belongs
________ my wife
9.
I didn't hear ________
your divorce
10.
Do you believe ________
God?
11.
Have you heard that the
prime minister has died
________ a heart
attack?
12.
You should write
________ your parents;
you haven't seen them
for a very long time
13.
Be quiet, please! Your
brother has to
concentrate ________
his exam
14.
The embassy provided
the detainee ________
legal assistance
15.
What a party! Tom was
all night talking
________ me about his
girlfriend
16.
Victoria cannot come
with us; she has to take
care ________ her
youngest brother
17.
I want to congratulate
you ________ your
birthday
18.
The father shouted
________ his son when
he threw the stone
19.
If you have finished
your studies you should
apply ________ a job
20.
I warned you ________
your neighbours
21.
You should ask your
brother ________ money
22.
The police has accused
these detainees
________ being
responsible of the
terrorist attacks
23.
That African country
depends ________
foreign aid for survival
24.
In class you must listen
________ the teacher
25.
He cannot walk; he
suffers ________ a very
rare disease
26.
Have you invited my
cousins ________ the
party?
27.
We should look
________ a new flat;
this one has become too
small for us
28.
I am getting angry; they
are laughing ________
me
29.
After the accident we
had to wait ________ the
judge
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una preposición.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Next Friday I have to
look after my kids
2.
He lost control of his
car and ran into the
news-stand
3.
You must think about
your marriage; it
doesn't work
4.
Last Sunday I had to
borrow a tennis racket
from my brother
5.
That old lady spent all
her money on gambling
6.
Our president persists in
his arguments to oppose
the merger
7.
I have been thinking
about your proposals
but I definitively cannot
accept it
8.
This scarf belongs to my
wife
9.
I didn't hear about your
divorce
10.
Do you believe in God?
11.
Have you heard that the
prime minister has died
of a heart attack?
12.
You should write to
your parents; you
haven't seen them for a
very long time
13.
Be quiet, please! Your
brother has to
concentrate on his exam
14.
The embassy provided
the detainee with legal
assistance
15.
What a party! Tom was
all night talking to me
about his girlfriend
16.
Victoria cannot come
with us; she has to take
care of her youngest
brother
17.
I want to congratulate
you on your birthday
18.
The father shouted at
his son when he threw
the stone
19.
If you have finished
your studies you should
apply for a job
20.
I warned you about
your neighbours
21.
You should ask your
brother for money
22.
The police has accused
these detainees of being
responsible of the
terrorist attacks
23.
That African country
depends on foreign aid
for survival
24.
In class you must listen
to the teacher
25.
He cannot walk; he
suffers from a very rare
disease
26.
Have you invited my
cousins to the party?
27.
We should look for a
new flat; this one has
become too small for us
28.
I am getting angry; they
are laughing at me
29.
After the accident we
had to wait for the judge
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una preposición.
1.
He didn't come last
night; What could have
happened ________
him?
2.
You cannot blame your
son ________ the
accident; he drove
carefully
3.
The bus crashed
________ a fountain
but no one was injured
4.
When she left the
hospital she thanked
the doctors ________
their treatment
5.
Margaret is so nice! All
the time smiling
________ me
6.
You must punish your
son ________ breaking
the window
7.
Your brother is crazy;
he threw a hammer
________ me
8.
My wife objected
________ my idea of
selling the house
9.
When the fire broke out
in the building the
neighbours prepared
________ the
evacuation
10.
I explained that theory
________ my son
11.
Look ________ the sky!
It is full of stars
12.
You should protect your
kids ________ the sun
with some lotion
13.
The general director
spoke ________ his
team about the new
plans
14.
This morning I had to
remind my son
________ his exam
15.
I am looking forward
________ my holidays
16.
Can you throw that
magazine ________ me,
please?
17.
John, you should
apologise to the teacher
________ your
behaviour
18.
I prefer Picasso
________ Dalí
19.
Last night I dreamt
________ our next trip
20.
Please, don't insist
________ that subject;
the decision has been
taken
21.
Could you divide this
cake ________ 5 parts?
22.
You should forgive him
________ that mistake
23.
Do you know who can
translate this document
________ German to
Spanish?
24.
You cannot compare
the present situation
________ the one that
existed ten years ago
25.
When he was young he
succeeded ________
rugby
26.
I will complain to the
chef ________ the meal
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una
preposición.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
He didn't come last
night; What could have
happened to him?
2.
You cannot blame your
son for the accident; he
drove carefully
3.
The bus crashed into a
fountain but no one
was injured
4.
When she left the
hospital she thanked
the doctors for their
treatment
5.
Margaret is so nice!
All the time smiling at
me
6.
You must punish your
son for breaking the
window
7.
Your brother is crazy;
he threw a hammer at
me
8.
My wife objected to my
idea of selling the
house
9.
When the fire broke
out in the building the
neighbours prepared
for the evacuation
10.
I explained that theory
to my son
11.
Look at the sky! It is
full of stars
12.
You should protect
your kids from the sun
with some lotion
13.
The general director
spoke to his team about
the new plans
14.
This morning I had to
remind my son about
his exam
15.
I am looking forward
to my holidays
16.
Can you throw that
magazine to me,
please?
17.
John, you should
apologise to the
teacher for your
behaviour
18.
I prefer Picasso to Dalí
19.
Last night I dreamt
about our next trip
20.
Please, don't insist on
that subject; the
decision has been
taken
21.
Could you divide this
cake into 5 parts?
22.
You should forgive him
for that mistake
23.
Do you know who can
translate this document
from German to
Spanish?
24.
You cannot compare
the present situation
with the one that
existed ten years ago
25.
When he was young he
succeeded in rugby
26.
I will complain to the
chef about the meal
39ª: Conjunciones
Gramática
And
I study and my brother watches TV
As (mientras; la 2ª acción ocurre antes de que la 1ª haya
finalizado, o evolucionan paralelamente)
As he grew older he became more aggressive
Because (porque)
You cannot go to the party because you are too young
Both...and
Both the Spanish team and the English one play football
quite well
But
I studied very hard but I didn't pass the exam
Either...or
I have to decide to go either to Paris or to London
However (como quiera, sin embargo)
I explained my problem to him, however he didn't
understand it
If (si -condicional-)
If he studys he will pas his exams
Neither... nor
I like neither this tie nor that one
Nevertheless (sin embargo)
I didn't receive an invitation to the party; nevertheless I
went there
Not only...but also
My brother not only speaks French but also German
Or
From here to Gibraltar you can go by train or by car
Otherwise (de otro modo)
We must leave now, otherwise we will lose our flight
So (por lo tanto)
It was raining a lot, so we decided to rest at home
That (que)
I didn't know that you had bought a new car
Therefore (mismo significado que "so" pero más
formal)
I had fever; therefore I didn't go to work
Though (aunque, pero) ("Although" tiene el mismo
significado pero es más formal)
He didn't admit his fault, though he knew it was his
responsibility
Unless (a menos que)
Unless you study more you won´t pass your exams
When (cuando; las dos oraciones ocurren
simultáneamente o una detrás de la otra)
When the weather is good lots of people go to the beach
Diferencia entre When / as
Las 2 se utilizan para acciones paralelas.
La conjunción "when" también se utiliza cuando una
acción ocurre después de la otra:
When you finish your homework you will play with your
friends
"As" también se emplea cuando una acción ocurre
antes que finalice la otra
As I flew to Barcelona I started feeling bad
While (mientras)
While I was away my house was burgled
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una
conjunción. (Aparte de la solución que se indica puede
haber otras altrenativas igualmente válidas)
1.
He promised to go to
the party ________ at
the end he stayed at
home
2.
The climbers were
exhausted; ________
they could reach the
top
3.
I speak ________
English nor French
4.
Last year he bought a
new car ________ a
new house
5.
I have studied English
all my life; ________ I
don't speak well
6.
The police are not
sure ________ this
has been a terrorist
attack
7.
________ Spain and
Portugal became
members of the
European Union the
same year
8.
We didn't have
enough money,
________ we decided
to postpone our trip
9.
I should buy either a
car ________ a
motorbike
10.
He didn't enjoy the
party ________ left
very early
11.
Not only did he loose
his wallet ________
also his car keys
12.
Yesterday I met an old
friend ________ we
talked for almost an
hour
13.
He was condemned
________ he had a
very convincing alibi
14.
His party won the past
elections; ________
he will be the next
President (formal)
15.
I don't know if I
should call my mother
now ________ do it a
bit later
16.
If you see my brother,
please tell him
________ mum wants
to speak to him
17.
________ he left
prison he started a
completely new life
18.
Their marriage
worked ________ they
argued very often
19.
I am sure that he will
win ________ a gold
medal or a silver one
20.
Not only have they
been to the Caribbean
Sea ________ also to
Argentina
21.
________ you go to
bed now, tomorrow
you won't get up early
22.
My father wanted to
buy a new car
________ he didn't
have enough money
23.
The President has
promised ________ he
will lower the taxes
24.
He likes ________
tennis nor football
25.
He wasn't invited to
the wedding ________
he went all the same
26.
You have to decide
whether to come with
us ________ to stay at
home
27.
He both plays
________ sings really
well
28.
He didn't pass the
exam ________ he
couldn't enter the
university
29.
My son ________ my
daughter can look
after your children
30.
________ lions and
tigers can be very
dangerous
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una
conjunción. (Aparte de la solución que se indica puede
haber otras altrenativas igualmente válidas)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
He promised to go to
the party but at the
end he stayed at home
2.
The climbers were
exhausted;
nevertheless they
could reach the top
3.
I speak neither
English nor French
4.
Last year he bought a
new car and a new
house
5.
I have studied
English all my life;
however I don't speak
well
6.
The police are not
sure that this has
been a terrorist attack
7.
Both Spain and
Portugal became
members of the
European Union the
same year
8.
We didn't have
enough money, so we
decided to postpone
our trip
9.
I should buy either a
car or a motorbike
10.
He didn't enjoy the
party and left very
early
11.
Not only did he loose
his wallet but also his
car keys
12.
Yesterday I met an
old friend and we
talked for almost an
hour
13.
He was condemned
though he had a very
convincing alibi
14.
His party won the
past elections;
therefore he will be
the next President
15.
I don't know if I
should call my
mother now or do it a
bit later
16.
If you see my brother,
please tell him that
mum wants to speak
to him
17.
When he left prison
he started a
completely new life
18.
Their marriage
worked though they
argued very often
19.
I am sure that he will
win either a gold
medal or a silver one
20.
Not only have they
been to the Caribbean
Sea but also to
Argentina
21.
Unless you go to bed
now, tomorrow you
won't get up early
22.
My father wanted to
buy a new car but he
didn't have enough
money
23.
The President has
promised that he will
lower the taxes
24.
He likes neither
tennis nor football
25.
He wasn't invited to
the wedding but he
went all the same
26.
You have to decide
whether to come with
us or to stay at home
27.
He both plays and
sings really well
28.
He didn't pass the
exam so he couldn't
enter the university
29.
My son or my
daughter can look
after your children
30.
Both lions and tigers
can be very
dangerous
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una
conjunción. (Aparte de la solución que se indica
puede haber otras altrenativas igualmente válidas)
1.
I voted for him;
________ I don't
totally agree with his
ideas
2.
________ you
change your
behaviour, you will
have problems with
your boss
3.
He wasn't the
favourite; ________
he won the
tournament
4.
What do you want,
coffee ________
tea?
5.
I like listening to
music a lot
________ it relax me
6.
________ you had
studied a bit harder
you would have
passed your exams
7.
I prepared breakfast
________ my wife
was still sleeping
8.
________ you finish
the ironing, please
place the clothes in
the wardrobe
9.
I watched her
________ she
danced
10.
________ alcohol
and tobacco are very
harmful for our
health
11.
Now he can be
either at home
________ in the
office
12.
He didn't convince
the judge, ________
he was condemned
13.
________ you hurry
up you will miss
your train
14.
I had lost my
passport; ________ I
could not travel to
USA
15.
He was really
brilliant, ________
he wasn't successful
in his professional
life
16.
The police want to
speak to you
________ you saw
the accident
17.
Caroline didn't
speak French
________ she had
lived in Paris for 10
years (formal)
18.
He didn't speak
Spanish; ________
he understood what
I told him
19.
My son studies
________ my
daughter listens to
music
20.
I could do my
homework ________
I waited for the train
to go back home
21.
My sister is
vegetarian; she eats
________ meat nor
fish
22.
The hurricane
reached the cost;
________ the fishing
fleet stayed in the
port
23.
James didn't confess
________ he was a
member of that gang
24.
Not only has he lost
his job ________
also his wife has left
him
25.
They were very
much in love
________ their
marriage didn't
work
26.
I am very angry with
my children
________ they don't
obey me
27.
The accused not
only attacked the old
couple ________
also burnt their car
28.
________ you
convince your
mother you can go
with us to the
cinema
29.
________ he arrived
home he saw the
police there waiting
for him
30.
This Saturday we
can ________ go to
the beach or to the
mountains
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con una
conjunción. (Aparte de la solución que se indica
puede haber otras altrenativas igualmente válidas)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I voted for him;
however I don't
totally agree with
his ideas
2.
Unless you change
your behaviour,
you will have
problems with your
boss
3.
He wasn't the
favourite;
nevertheless he
won the
tournament
4.
What do you want,
coffee or tea?
5.
I like listening to
music a lot because
it relax me
6.
If you had studied a
bit harder you
would have passed
your exams
7.
I prepared
breakfast as my
wife was still
sleeping
8.
When you finish
the ironing, please
place the clothes in
the wardrobe
9.
I watched her as
she danced
10.
Both alcohol and
tobacco are very
harmful for our
health
11.
Now he can be
either at home or in
the office
12.
He didn't convince
the judge, so he was
condemned
13.
Unless you hurry
up you will miss
your train
14.
I had lost my
passport; therefore
I could not travel to
USA
15.
He was really
brilliant, however
he wasn't
successful in his
professional life
16.
The police want to
speak to you
because you saw
the accident
17.
Caroline didn't
speak French
although she had
lived in Paris for 10
years
18.
He didn't speak
Spanish;
nevertheless he
understood what I
told him
19.
My son studies and
my daughter listens
to music
20.
I could do my
homework as I
waited for the train
to go back home
21.
My sister is
vegetarian; she eats
neither meat nor
fish
22.
The hurricane
reached the cost;
therefore the
fishing fleet stayed
in the port
23.
James didn't
confess that he was
a member of that
gang
24.
Not only has he lost
his job but also his
wife has left him
25.
They were very
much in love but
their marriage
didn't work
26.
I am very angry
with my children
because they don't
obey me
27.
The accused not
only attacked the
old couple but also
burnt their car
28.
If you convince
your mother you
can go with us to
the cinema
29.
When he arrived
home he saw the
police there waiting
for him
30.
This Saturday we
can either go to the
beach or to the
mountains
40ª: Phrasal verbs: To Break
Gramática
El phrasal verb es una combinación de verbo +
partícula (preposición / adverbio). La partícula
hace cambiar el significado del verbo. En inglés se
utilizan hasta 5.000 phrasal verbs.
Los verbos más utilizados en la formación de
phrasal verbs son:
to come, to get, to go, to look, to make, to put, to
take
Las párticulas que suelen acompañar a estos verbos
son:
about, around, away, back, down, for, in, into, off,
on, out, over, through, up, with,
Phrasal verbs: "To Break"
Atención:
(tr.): Transitivo, va acompañado de complemento
directo
(intr.) Intransitivo, no lleva complemento directo
To break down (tr.): Derribar algo utilizando la
fuerza
The police broke down the door to get into the
house
To break down (tr.): Dividir un total en diferentes
subrgrupos
Could you break down the total sales of your
company into countries?
To break down (intr.): Derrumbarse una persona
física o mentalmente
When he heard about his father's death he broke
down
To break down (intr.): Dejar una máquina de
funcionar
Last Sunday, coming back from the beach my car
broke down
To break in (intr.) / into (tr.): entrar en un sitio
utilizando la fuerza para robar
The robbers broke into the bank during the night
To break in (intr.) / into (tr.): Interrumpir a alguien
que está hablando de forma descortés (Inglés
americano)
When the teacher was explaining the lesson one
student broke in with a stupid remark
To break off (tr. / intr.): Separar un trozo de algo
A big branch broke off and fell onto the car
To break off (tr.): Romper un compromiso / unas
negociaciones
My company broke off its agreement with the local
authorities
To break off (intr.): Parar de repente de hablar
He was talking to us about his trip but suddenly
broke off without any reason
To break out (intr.): Estallar (guerras, epidemias,
fuego)
The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936
To break out (intr.): Escapar de prision
Two very dangerous prisoners broke out of prison
and disappeared
To break up (tr./intr.): destruir, desintegrar
The rocket broke up when it entered the atmosphere
To break up (intr.): Finalizar (meeting, fiesta, curso
escolar...) (Inglés americano)
The meeting with our salesmen broke up at 2
o'clock in the morning
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs. (Aparte
de la solución que se indica puede haber otras
altrenativas igualmente válidas)
1.
My computer
broke ________
yesterday evening
and I couldn't
finish my report
2.
My girlfriend
broke ________
our engagement
two months before
our wedding
3.
I planned to go to
Madrid on my
motorbike but it
broke ________
4.
You always break
________ when I
speak
5.
He very often does
that, starts talking
and suddenly
breaks ________
6.
A war between
these two
countries can
break ________ at
any moment
7.
He took a sheet
and broke
________ a piece
8.
The two
companies broke
________ their
negotiation
without any
explanation
9.
Do you know how
the Spanish
population breaks
________ into
age-groups?
10.
The couple were
arguing but broke
________ when
their daughter
appeared
11.
The thieves broke
________ my flat
during the night
12.
Two terrorists
have broken
________ of
prison by
helicopter
13.
A big rock broke
________ and
rolled down the
mountains
14.
Mexico broke
________
diplomatic relation
with Cuba due to
different
disagreements
15.
The managing
director broke
________ the
number of clients
into 5 different
categories
16.
Our wedding
celebration broke
________ at 6
o'clock in the
morning
17.
After winning the
tournament the
tennis player
broke ________
18.
Two planes
crashed in the air
and broke
________
19.
It is very impolite
to break ________
when another
person speaks
20.
A tile broke
________ and fell
out of the roof
21.
My lawnmower
broke ________
and now I had to
call a mechanic
22.
That family broke
________ after the
parents' divorce
23.
Two persons broke
________ the
National Museum
and stole a very
famous painting
24.
The English
Summer Course
broke ________ at
31st August
25.
He hit the door
and broke it
________
26.
Three very
dangerous
terrorists have
broken ________
of jail and the
police is on the
alert
27.
My boss got
furious because
someone broke
________ when he
was telling us
about the new
campaign
28.
The fire in the
warehouse broke
________ at 4
o'clock in the
morning
29.
When my friend
knew he had been
fired he broke
________
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs. (Aparte
de la solución que se indica puede haber otras
altrenativas igualmente válidas)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
My computer
broke down
yesterday evening
and I couldn't
finish my report
2.
My girlfriend
broke off our
engagement two
months before our
wedding
3.
I planned to go to
Madrid on my
motorbike but it
broke down
4.
You always break
in when I speak
5.
He very often does
that, starts talking
and suddenly
breaks off
6.
A war between
these two
countries can
break out at any
moment
7.
He took a sheet
and broke off a
piece
8.
The two
companies broke
off their
negotiation
without any
explanation
9.
Do you know how
the Spanish
population breaks
down into age-
groups?
10.
The couple were
arguing but broke
off when their
daughter
appeared
11.
The thieves broke
into my flat
during the night
12.
Two terrorists
have broken out
of prison by
helicopter
13.
A big rock broke
off and rolled
down the
mountains
14.
Mexico broke off
diplomatic
relation with
Cuba due to
different
disagreements
15.
The managing
director broke
down the number
of clients into 5
different
categories
16.
Our wedding
celebration broke
up at 6 o'clock in
the morning
17.
After winning the
tournament the
tennis player
broke down
18.
Two planes
crashed in the air
and broke up
19.
It is very impolite
to break in when
another person
speaks
20.
A tile broke off
and fell out of the
roof
21.
My lawnmower
broke down and
now I had to call
a mechanic
22.
That family broke
up after the
parents' divorce
23.
Two persons
broke into the
National Museum
and stole a very
famous painting
24.
The English
Summer Course
broke up at 31st
August
25.
He hit the door
and broke it down
26.
Three very
dangerous
terrorists have
broken out of jail
and the police is
on the alert
27.
My boss got
furious because
someone broke in
when he was
telling us about
the new campaign
28.
The fire in the
warehouse broke
out at 4 o'clock in
the morning
29.
When my friend
knew he had been
fired he broke
down
Phrasal verbs: To Call
Gramática
To call at (a place): Visitar por un corto periodo
de tiempo
I called at the chemist's to buy some medicines
To call back (intr.): Volver a un lugar con objeto
de visitar a alguien o recoger algo (ya que antes
no se hizo)
I left my glasses in my brother's house; I have to
call back to pick them
To call for (someone / something): Visitar un
lugar para recoger a alguien o algo
I have to go to the airport to call for a friend who
comes from Russia
To call for (something): necesitar o requerir,
demandar una acción particular o una cualidad
The behaviour of that football player called for an
exemplary sanction
To call in (a person): Llamar a alguien para que
venga a casa a realizar algún servicio
Yesterday night my wife had to call in a plumber
to fix a tab
To call in (intr.): Visitar un lugar / una persona
por un corto periodo de tiempo, normalmente de
paso hacia otro sitio
During my last trip to Madrid I had time to call in
and see my brother
To call off (something): cancelar algo que aún no
ha empezado o abandnar algo que ya estaba en
progreso
The concert had to be called off because of the few
people interested
To call (someone) up: telefonear
My mother called me up this morning to know our
plans for the week-end
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs. (Aparte
de la solución que se indica puede haber otras
altrenativas igualmente válidas)
1.
If I have time this
morning I will
call ________ the
lawyer to pick
some documents
up
2.
Yesterday evening
we couldn't open
the front door and
had to call
________ a
locksmith
3.
My boss had to go
immediately to
Madrid and the
meeting had to be
called ________
4.
If you are going
into town you can
call ________ the
travel agency and
ask for our plane
tickets
5.
Someone has
called you
________ but I
don't remember
his name
6.
I left my luggage
in the hotel and
called ________
them later
7.
I forgot my
handbag in the
shop; I have to
call ________
8.
Congratulations!
You passed your
exams; this call
________ a party
9.
If you have time
this evening,
please call
________ and tell
me about your last
trip
10.
For economic
reason the opera
Carmen in Seville
has been called
________
11.
If you go to mass
this evening can
you call ________
me, please?
12.
The accused
suffered a heart
attack and the
trial had to be
called ________
13.
My God! I haven't
switched off the
central heating in
the office; I have
to call ________
immediately
14.
Your granny will
arrive at 5
o'clock; can you
call ________ her
at the airport?
15.
Last summer we
went to Marbella
and we enjoyed so
much that we
want to call
________ next
summer
16.
I don't know how
to repair this
socket; I will have
to call ________
an electrician
17.
The foreign
minister called the
president
________ to
communicate his
resignation
18.
We have eaten
very well in this
restaurant; we
have to call
________ in other
occasion
19.
Yesterday
morning I called
________ the
bank to get
information about
mortgages
20.
The level of
unemployment in
my country call
________ urgent
action from the
government
21.
When I saw my
father on the floor
I called ________
immediately a
doctor
22.
This morning my
mother called me
________ to tell
me that dad was
in the hospital
23.
The company
sales plummeted
to its lowest level
in the last 10
years. This
situation calls
________ urgent
measures
24.
My kids are in the
school playing
football; I will call
________ them
later
25.
Peter, if you pass
next to my
mother's house,
please call
________ to see
how she is
26.
His death has
been very strange
and the
neighbours have
called ________
the police
27.
The pilot's strike
obliged the
company to call
________ all the
flights
28.
Every evening my
parents call
________ for a
moment to see
their
grandchildren
29.
Peter, when you
come here, can
you call ________
the baker's and
buy some bread?
30.
Last Friday I
called my
girlfriend
________ to invite
her for dinner
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs. (Aparte
de la solución que se indica puede haber otras
altrenativas igualmente válidas)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
If I have time this
morning I will
call at the lawyer
to pick some
documents up
2.
Yesterday evening
we couldn't open
the front door and
had to call in a
locksmith
3.
My boss had to go
immediately to
Madrid and the
meeting had to be
called off
4.
If you are going
into town you can
call at the travel
agency and ask
for our plane
tickets
5.
Someone has
called you up but
I don't remember
his name
6.
I left my luggage
in the hotel and
called for them
later
7.
I forgot my
handbag in the
shop; I have to
call back
8.
Congratulations!
You passed your
exams; this call
for a party
9.
If you have time
this evening,
please call in and
tell me about your
last trip
10.
For economic
reason the opera
Carmen in Seville
has been called
off
11.
If you go to mass
this evening can
you call for me,
please?
12.
The accused
suffered a heart
attack and the
trial had to be
called off
13.
My God! I haven't
switched off the
central heating in
the office; I have
to call back
immediately
14.
Your granny will
arrive at 5
o'clock; can you
call for her at the
airport?
15.
Last summer we
went to Marbella
and we enjoyed so
much that we
want to call back
next summer
16.
I don't know how
to repair this
socket; I will have
to call in an
electrician
17.
The foreign
minister called the
president up to
communicate his
resignation
18.
We have eaten
very well in this
restaurant; we
have to call back
in other occasion
19.
Yesterday
morning I called
at the bank to get
information about
mortgages
20.
The level of
unemployment in
my country call
for urgent action
from the
government
21.
When I saw my
father on the floor
I called in
immediately a
doctor
22.
This morning my
mother called me
up to tell me that
dad was in the
hospital
23.
The company
sales plummeted
to its lowest level
in the last 10
years. This
situation calls for
urgent measures
24.
My kids are in the
school playing
football; I will call
for them later
25.
Peter, if you pass
next to my
mother's house,
please call in to
see how she is
26.
His death has
been very strange
and the
neighbours have
called in the
police
27.
The pilot's strike
obliged the
company to call
off all the flights
28.
Every evening my
parents call in for
a moment to see
their
grandchildren
29.
Peter, when you
come here, can
you call at the
baker's and buy
some bread?
30.
Last Friday I
called my
girlfriend up to
invite her for
dinner
42ª: Phrasal verbs: To Come
Gramática
To come across (tr.): Encontrar por causalidad un
objeto / una persona
Yesterday when I was looking for a book I came
across these old photos
To come along (intr.): Llegar a un lugar
The film started at 10 o'clock but we came along
one hour later
To come apart (intr.) Dividirse en varias partes
My watch fell onto the floor and came apart
To come away (intr.): Separarse de algo
He hit the ball with his racket so strongly that its
grip came away
To come off (intr.): Tener éxito en un plan, un
proyecto (se utiliza en oraciones negativas)
His plan to work abroad didn't come off
To come off (intr.): Tener lugar, celebrarse
Our wedding is coming off next September
To come on (intr.): Animar a alguien a hacer algo
/ a darse prisa (cuando está dudando)
Come on! You can jump that distance, Try again!
To come out (intr.): Desaparecer una mancha (de
color, de suciedad...)
I am not sure that this stain will come out
To come out (intr.): Ser publicado
The fifth book about Harry Potters came out last
May
To come out (intr.): Ser revelado (la verdad, un
hecho que inicialmente se trató de esconder pero
que finalmente ha salido a la luz pública)
The president tried to hide his past but finally his
relation with the Mafia came out
To come over: Visitar a alguien en su casa
This evening I am coming over to my brother's
house to talk to him
To come round (intr.): Recobrar la conciencia
After the accident he was unconscious for two
hours until he finally came round
To come round (intr.): Aceptar una sugerencia
inicialmente rechazada
At the beginning he didn't accept my suggestion
but finally he came round
To come up (intr.): To be mentioned (en una
conversación)
Their disagreement about the monarchy always
comes out when they talk about politics
To come up to (tr.): Acercarse a una distancia
corta para poder hablar
My boss came up to me and told me that I was
fired
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs. (Aparte
de la solución que se indica puede haber otras
altrenativas igualmente válidas)
1.
His only book
came ________
10 years ago
2.
I had been two
hours waiting for
him and when I
was just leaving
he came
________
3.
His birthday
party came
________ last
Saturday evening
4.
Yesterday when I
walked to work I
came ________
your brother
whom I hadn't
seen for a very
long time
5.
Be very careful
with that old
book because its
cover can come
________
6.
If you put your
trousers in water
that stain will
come out
7.
Always that I
talk with Peter
the question of
our salaries
comes ________
in our
conversation
8.
When my
calculator hit the
floor it came
________
9.
Their attempt to
overthrow the
current regime
came ________
and they were
arrested
10.
This morning a
builder fell from
the scaffolding
and still he
hasn't come
________
11.
I am not sure
that your new
business will
come ________
12.
That person
came ________
to me and started
to insult me
13.
Your article will
come ________
in tomorrow's
newspaper
14.
The next week's
meeting will
come ________
on Tuesday
15.
Come ________
! Don't be so
pessimistic; I am
sure that you will
pass your exam
16.
Please, don't
touch the lamp;
it is very old and
can come
________ at any
moment
17.
When I took that
silver frame its
glass came
________
18.
The trade union
tried to convince
the government
about a new
strike regulation
but it didn't come
________
19.
In the antique
shop my wife
came ________
these two
beautiful
paintings
20.
Yesterday John
had an accident
and only came
________ once
in the ambulance
21.
Come ________
! You must finish
your report
before
Wednesday
22.
I was walking in
the park when
my son came
________ with
his girlfriend
23.
Would you like
to come
________ my flat
next Friday to
watch a film?
24.
At the end of the
last meeting with
our boss the
company's plan
to close our
division came
________
25.
The chocolate
stains don't come
________ easily
26.
I have been for
six months
asking my boss a
salary increase
and finally he
has come
________
27.
Our company
tried to buy its
main competitor
but this project
didn't come
________
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs. (Aparte
de la solución que se indica puede haber otras
altrenativas igualmente válidas)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
His only book
came out 10
years ago
2.
I had been two
hours waiting
for him and
when I was just
leaving he came
along
3.
His birthday
party came off
last Saturday
evening
4.
Yesterday when
I walked to work
I came across
your brother
whom I hadn't
seen for a very
long time
5.
Be very careful
with that old
book because its
cover can come
away
6.
If you put your
trousers in
water that stain
will come out
7.
Always that I
talk with Peter
the question of
our salaries
comes up in our
conversation
8.
When my
calculator hit
the floor it came
apart
9.
Their attempt to
overthrow the
current regime
came out and
they were
arrested
10.
This morning a
builder fell from
the scaffolding
and still he
hasn't come
round
11.
I am not sure
that your new
business will
come off
12.
That person
came up to me
and started to
insult me
13.
Your article will
come out in
tomorrow's
newspaper
14.
The next week's
meeting will
come off on
Tuesday
15.
Come on! Don't
be so
pessimistic; I
am sure that
you will pass
your exam
16.
Please, don't
touch the lamp;
it is very old and
can come apart
at any moment
17.
When I took
that silver frame
its glass came
away
18.
The trade union
tried to convince
the government
about a new
strike regulation
but it didn't
come round
19.
In the antique
shop my wife
came across
these two
beautiful
paintings
20.
Yesterday John
had an accident
and only came
round once in
the ambulance
21.
Come on! You
must finish your
report before
Wednesday
22.
I was walking in
the park when
my son came
along with his
girlfriend
23.
Would you like
to come over my
flat next Friday
to watch a film?
24.
At the end of the
last meeting
with our boss
the company's
plan to close our
division came
up
25.
The chocolate
stains don't
come out easily
26.
I have been for
six months
asking my boss
a salary
increase and
finally he has
come round
27.
Our company
tried to buy its
main competitor
but this project
didn't come off
43ª: Phrasal verbs: To Get
Gramática
To get away (intr): Abandonar un lugar, una
persona, con el sentido de liberarse
I always have a lot of work in the office and
cannot get away till very late
To get away with (tr): Escapar sin castigo de
algo mal hecho
He copied in the exam and got away with it
To get back (tr): Recuperar la posesión de algo
I lent him a very interesting book and I am sure
that I am not going to get it back
To get behind with (tr): Retrasarse con el
trabajo, con los pagos, etc.
I have lost my job and I am afraid that now I
could get behind with my mortgage
To get on (intr.): Tener éxito en alguna
actividad, hacer progresos
My brother is getting on very well with his
studies
To get on (intr.): Llevarse bien con alguien
My friend doesn't get on well with his father
To get out (intr.): Escapar de un sitio cerrado
The tiger got out of his jail and the zoo had to be
evacuated
To get out of (tr.): Liberarse de una obligación,
de un hábito
I drink too much coffee but I cannot get out of
this habit
To get over (tr): Recuperarse de una
enfermedad
I still feel very weak. Undoubtedly I need more
time to get over this serious pneumonia
To get over it (tr): Acometer algo y finalizarlo
("it" representa algo desagradable)
It was very sad for me to sell my house but
finally I could get over it
To get round (tr): Encontrar un modo de
superar o evitar una norma, una regulación,
una dificultad
My lawyer is looking for a way to get round the
new law that impede us to build in this land
To get through (tr): Terminar con éxito un
trabajo o tarea de cierta dificultad
I could get through my exams with a lot of effort
To get through (intr): Establecer comunicación
telefónica
When I was in Russia and tried to call Spain it
was very difficult to get through
To get together with (somebody): Reunirse con
alguien para hacer algo, para pasar un tiempo
junto
When I was in England last summer I got
together with people from different countries
To get up (intr.): Levantarse de la cama
At what time did you get up this morning?
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de la solución que se indica puede haber
otras altrenativas igualmente válidas)
1.
He tried to get
________ the
law but finally
the police
arrested him
2.
I don't know
how that baby
could get
________ of the
cot
3.
James never got
________ his
liver operation
and finally died
4.
Every day my
son gets
________ very
late
5.
Yesterday I
couldn't get out
with my friends
because I need
to get ________
with my essay
6.
Mary, can I get
my dictionary
________ ? I
need it
7.
My colleague is
alcoholic and
hasn't been able
to get ________
of it
8.
Last week I was
in bed with fever
and got
________ with
my work
9.
My parents-in-
law are very
nice persons
and it is very
easy to get
________ well
with them
10.
In Christmas it
is very typical to
get ________
with colleagues
for dinner
11.
The surgeon
could get
________ the
operation
successfully
12.
When his wife
died he fall in a
depression but
he could get it
________
13.
In that country
you can do
whatever illegal
activity you can
imagine and get
________ with it
14.
My son has got
________ his
flu very soon
15.
Last Saturday
many old
friends got
________ and
we had a very
funny evening
16.
I want to call
my mum but I
cannot get
________
17.
This couple has
very serious
problems; they
don't get
________ well
with each other
18.
Now I have in
the office a lot
of work and I
am not sure if I
will be able to
get ________ it
19.
Tomorrow I am
not sure if I will
be able to get
________ from
the office before
5 o'clock
20.
My brother has
been
condemned to
pay a very high
compensation.
He want to do it
at once and get
it ________
21.
On Monday it
has been always
difficult for me
to get ________
early
22.
I promised to
lend him money
and now I don't
know how to get
________ of it
23.
The prisoner
has got
________ of jail
by helicopter
24.
This evening I
have a meeting
with my boss
and I don't
know when I
will be able to
get ________
25.
I try to pay my
rent the first day
of the month
because I hate
to get ________
with it
26.
Yesterday he
tried to contact
me but he
couldn't get
________
27.
He was
responsible of
the accident but
he got ________
with it without
any fine
28.
There are many
ways to get
________ the
law to pay less
taxes
29.
I lent him some
compact discs
and I never got
them ________
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de la solución que se indica puede haber
otras altrenativas igualmente válidas)
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
He tried to get
round the law
but finally the
police arrested
him
2.
I don't know
how that baby
could get out of
the cot
3.
James never
got over his
liver operation
and finally died
4.
Every day my
son gets up
very late
5.
Yesterday I
couldn't get out
with my friends
because I need
to get on with
my essay
6.
Mary, can I get
my dictionary
back? I need it
7.
My colleague is
alcoholic and
hasn't been
able to get out
of it
8.
Last week I
was in bed with
fever and got
behind with my
work
9.
My parents-in-
law are very
nice persons
and it is very
easy to get on
well with them
10.
In Christmas it
is very typical
to get together
with colleagues
for dinner
11.
The surgeon
could get
through the
operation
successfully
12.
When his wife
died he fall in a
depression but
he could get it
over
13.
In that country
you can do
whatever
illegal activity
you can
imagine and
get away with it
14.
My son has got
over his flu
very soon
15.
Last Saturday
many old
friends got
together and
we had a very
funny evening
16.
I want to call
my mum but I
cannot get
through
17.
This couple
has very
serious
problems; they
don't get on
well with each
other
18.
Now I have in
the office a lot
of work and I
am not sure if I
will be able to
get through it
19.
Tomorrow I
am not sure if I
will be able to
get away from
the office
before 5
o'clock
20.
My brother has
been
condemned to
pay a very high
compensation.
He want to do
it at once and
get it over
21.
On Monday it
has been
always difficult
for me to get
up early
22.
I promised to
lend him
money and
now I don't
know how to
get out of it
23.
The prisoner
has got out of
jail by
helicopter
24.
This evening I
have a meeting
with my boss
and I don't
know when I
will be able to
get away
25.
I try to pay my
rent the first
day of the
month because
I hate to get
behind with it
26.
Yesterday he
tried to contact
me but he
couldn't get
through
27.
He was
responsible of
the accident
but he got
away with it
without any
fine
28.
There are
many ways to
get round the
law to pay less
taxes
29.
I lent him some
compact discs
and I never got
them back
44ª: Phrasal verbs: To Go
Gramática
To go ahead (intr.): Seguir adelante
You should go ahead with that interesting
project, even if you don't find any support
To go along with (something / someone):
Apoyar una idea, estar de acuerdo con alguien
Our president went along with my idea to enter
in the Chinese market
To go away (intr..): Marcharse
I haven't seen her for a while; probably she has
gone away without saying a word
To go back on (tr.): Retirar o romper una
promesa
He went back on his promise to invite me for
dinner
To go down (intr.): Ser recibida una idea con
aprobación
His plan to reduce costs in the factory went
down very well
To go for (tr.): Elegir
My parents went for this school because it was
very close to our home
To go for (tr.): Atacar
Your dog went for my cat and almost killed it
To go in for (tr.): Estar muy interesado en algo,
practicar algo, participar en competiciones
My brother goes in for golf
To go into (tr.): Investigar detenidamente
The police is determined to go into his death;
they don't believe that it was a suicide
To go off (intr.): Abandonar un lugar para
dirijirse a otro
After work I went off to try to find a shop where
to buy a new suit
To go off (intr.): Explotar
The bomb went off in the middle of the parking
To go on (intr.): Continuar
The went on arguing about politics all the night
To go on with (tr.): Continuar con algo
You should go on with your studies about the
French Revolution
To go on (intr.): Ocurrir
Many ambulances have passed; do you know
what's going on?
To go out (intr.): Salir de casa para entretenerse
My son has a lot of friends and he goes out
almost every evening
To go over (tr.): Examinar, estudiar o repetir
cuidadosamente
I have to go over my report to correct some
spelling mistakes
To go through with (tr.): Finalizar algo
desagradable o difícil que has planeado o que
has prometido hacer
My son didn't want to go to England, but finally
he decided to go through it
To go through (tr.): Experimentar una situación
difícil o desagradable
Last year I went through a very difficult time
after losing my job
To go through (tr.): Examinar el conetenido de
algo atentamente
In the bookshop I went through the books
looking for one about tidal waves
To go together (intr.): Personas / objetos /
situaciones que suelen ir juntas
Normally the optimism and the good luck go
together
To go without (tr.): No tener algo que
habitualmente se tiene
What a problem! I broke my glasses and I
cannot go without it
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan, otras
alternativas pueden ser igualmente válidas).
1.
When finished
the party he
went ________
to the airport to
get the first
flight to London
2.
I didn't want to
change my car
but my wife has
convinced me to
go ________ it
3.
His wife always
goes ________
with his
eccentric ideas
4.
My friend has
gone ________
a very difficult
year until his
son has
recovered from
a very serious
accident
5.
I really love to
go ________
with my friends
on Friday
evening
6.
The police could
evacuate the
school before
the bomb went
________
7.
The IT
specialist went
________ the
programme and
discovered many
mistakes
8.
Once you have
started a
business you
cannot abandon
at the first
difficulty; you
must go
________
9.
In the last
meeting I
proposed to
change the
publicity agency
but this
proposal didn't
go down
________
10.
The detective
went ________
her boyfriend's
past and
discovered he
was already
married
11.
I have many
plans for this
summer but I
have to go
________ one of
them
12.
When the
teacher arrived
two students
were fighting.
He demanded
what was going
________
13.
Since last
summer Tom
goes ________
for swimming
14.
We should leave
this building
immediately; the
bomb can get
________ at any
moment
15.
They started
playing tennis at
10 o'clock and
went ________
until 4 o'clock
16.
The police went
________ the
documents
trying to find
some clues
17.
This week I will
have to go
________ my
car because it is
in the garage
18.
The boy was
playing with the
gun when it
went ________
but luckily no
one was hurt
19.
Nowadays it is
impossible to go
________ a
computer; we
depend totally
on them
20.
You shouldn't
go ________ on
your promise to
invite your
parents this
week-end to the
beach
21.
We didn't have
coffee in the
cottage and had
to go ________
it all week
22.
Driving after
drinking alcohol
and accidents
go ________
23.
It is very
dangerous to
play with a gun;
it can go
________
accidentally
24.
My brother
promised me to
lend me money
but finally he
went ________
on it
25.
Mary is very
persistent; she
goes ________
with her
projects
overcoming any
difficulty
26.
The school
director is very
upset with the
incident and
want to go
________ it
27.
After finishing
her legal studies
my sister went
________ for
export-import
regulation
28.
In my country
the two main
political parties
never go
________ with
each other
29.
John went
________ a very
difficult moment
when he knew
that his father
had had an
accident
30.
Her behaviour
was so bad that
her father
punished her
forbidding to go
________
31.
Aids and
hepatitis usually
go ________
32.
In the shop I
went ________
the ties looking
for one for a
present
33.
People are
running in the
street; do you
know what's
going ________
?
34.
The
government's
proposal to
increase the
taxes didn't go
down ________
35.
My wife wants
to make reforms
in our house so
I would have to
go ________ it
36.
All the films
were very
interesting; it
was difficult to
go ________
one of them
37.
He was with us
but suddenly
went ________
without saying a
word
38.
What a
weather! It went
________
snowing all
night
39.
The students
should go over
their exams
before handing
them ________
to the teacher
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan, otras
alternativas pueden ser igualmente válidas).
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
When finished
the party he
went off to the
airport to get the
first flight to
London
2.
I didn't want to
change my car
but my wife has
convinced me to
go through it
3.
His wife always
goes along with
his eccentric
ideas
4.
My friend has
gone through a
very difficult
year until his
son has
recovered from
a very serious
accident
5.
I really love to
go out with my
friends on
Friday evening
6.
The police could
evacuate the
school before
the bomb went
off
7.
The IT
specialist went
over the
programme and
discovered many
mistakes
8.
Once you have
started a
business you
cannot abandon
at the first
difficulty; you
must go ahead
9.
In the last
meeting I
proposed to
change the
publicity agency
but this
proposal didn't
go down well
10.
The detective
went into her
boyfriend's past
and discovered
he was already
married
11.
I have many
plans for this
summer but I
have to go for
one of them
12.
When the
teacher arrived
two students
were fighting.
He demanded
what was going
on
13.
Since last
summer Tom
goes in for
swimming
14.
We should leave
this building
immediately; the
bomb can get
off at any
moment
15.
They started
playing tennis at
10 o'clock and
went on until 4
o'clock
16.
The police went
through the
documents
trying to find
some clues
17.
This week I will
have to go
without my car
because it is in
the garage
18.
The boy was
playing with the
gun when it
went off but
luckily no one
was hurt
19.
Nowadays it is
impossible to go
without a
computer; we
depend totally
on them
20.
You shouldn't
go back on your
promise to invite
your parents
this week-end to
the beach
21.
We didn't have
coffee in the
cottage and had
to go without it
all week
22.
Driving after
drinking alcohol
and accidents
go together
23.
It is very
dangerous to
play with a gun;
it can go off
accidentally
24.
My brother
promised me to
lend me money
but finally he
went back on it
25.
Mary is very
persistent; she
goes ahead with
her projects
overcoming any
difficulty
26.
The school
director is very
upset with the
incident and
want to go into
it
27.
After finishing
her legal studies
my sister went
in for export-
import
regulation
28.
In my country
the two main
political parties
never go along
with each other
29.
John went
through a very
difficult moment
when he knew
that his father
had had an
accident
30.
Her behaviour
was so bad that
her father
punished her
forbidding to go
out
31.
Aids and
hepatitis usually
go together
32.
In the shop I
went through
the ties looking
for one for a
present
33.
People are
running in the
street; do you
know what's
going on?
34.
The
government's
proposal to
increase the
taxes didn't go
down well
35.
My wife wants
to make reforms
in our house so
I would have to
go through it
36.
All the films
were very
interesting; it
was difficult to
go for one of
them
37.
He was with us
but suddenly
went off without
saying a word
38.
What a
weather! It went
on snowing all
night
39.
The students
should go over
their exams
before handing
them over to the
teacher
45ª: Phrasal verbs: To Look
Gramática
To look after (tr.): Cuidar
When my mother is not at home I have to look
after my little brother
To look ahead (intr.): Prever el futuro para
tomar ya medidas
You should look ahead and decide what do you
want to do in your life
To look at (tr.): Mirar directamente
Please, don't look at me like that
To look back (intr): Mirar al pasado
Alice is always looking back. She should live the
present
To look for (tr.): Buscar
Can you help me to look for my glasses?
To look forward to (tr.) : Esperar con interés un
acontecimiento futuro (suele ir acompañado de
gerundio)
I am looking forward to seeing you next summer
To look in (intr.): Hacer una corta visita de
improviso a alguien
Coming back from work I looked in to see my
parents
To look into (tr.): Investigar
The police is looking into the strange death of
that businessman
To look out (intr.): Estar atento
Look out! You are driving too fast
To look over (tr.) Revisar algo rápidamente, leer
nuevamente, inspeccionar criticamente
You should look over your essay before handing
it to the teacher
To look through (tr.) Mirar entre un conjunto de
cosas buscando algo para seleccionarlo
Look through all these books and pick
whichever you want
To look up (tr.): Buscar algo (un nombre, una
palabra, una definición, etc.) en un libro
If you don't understand a word you can look up
it in the dictionary
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan, otras
alternativas pueden ser igualmente válidas).
1.
They are
looking
________ to
their trip to
Africa
2.
Look ________!
Go back! the
tree is coming
down
3.
Could you look
________ my
kids this
evening?
4.
How did you
hand ________
your report
without looking
over it?
5.
You should look
________ and
make plans for
this summer
6.
Yesterday,
coming back
from the airport,
he looked
________ to see
his girlfriend
7.
Look ________
that car! It is
going to crash
8.
He looked
________ all the
ties but finally
didn't buy
anyone
9.
When you look
________ there
are many things
in your life that
you don't like
10.
I had to look
________ all
those papers to
find the phone
bill
11.
What are you
doing? I am
looking
________ my
keys
12.
You can look
________ her
phone number
in that phone
book
13.
I am looking
________ to the
next week-end
14.
The police is
still looking
________ the
terrorist attack
15.
We should look
________ a new
apartment. This
is too small for
us
16.
This sea is quite
dangerous, if
you want to
swim you
should look
________
17.
This summer I
didn't travel
abroad because
I had to look
________ my
parents
18.
The journalist
didn't have time
to look
________ his
article
19.
Look ________
the ball and hit
it with your
racket
20.
The seller
looked
________ the
price of the
printer in the
catalogue
21.
It is important
to look
________ and to
learn from the
errors
22.
If you decide to
buy an old car
you should look
________ it
23.
Have you seen
my wife? I have
been two hours
looking
________ her
24.
I am looking
________ to
seeing you
again
25.
Tell your kids to
look ________
when crossing
the road
26.
I still don't
know who could
look ________
my dog next
Saturday
27.
The president
want me to look
________ the
accounts of our
off-shore
branch
28.
Look ________
the ceiling; have
you seen that
crack before?
29.
He is still in
bed; this
evening I will
look ________
30.
You cannot
change the past
but can look
________ to
avoid to make
the same errors
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan, otras
alternativas pueden ser igualmente válidas).
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
They are
looking forward
to their trip to
Africa
2.
Look out! Go
back! the tree is
coming down
3.
Could you look
after my kids
this evening?
4.
How did you
hand over your
report without
looking over it?
5.
You should look
ahead and make
plans for this
summer
6.
Yesterday,
coming back
from the airport,
he looked in to
see his
girlfriend
7.
Look at that
car! It is going
to crash
8.
He looked
through all the
ties but finally
didn't buy
anyone
9.
When you look
back there are
many things in
your life that
you don't like
10.
I had to look
through all
those papers to
find the phone
bill
11.
What are you
doing? I am
looking for my
keys
12.
You can look up
her phone
number in that
phone book
13.
I am looking
forward to the
next week-end
14.
The police is
still looking into
the terrorist
attack
15.
We should look
for a new
apartment. This
is too small for
us
16.
This sea is quite
dangerous, if
you want to
swim you
should look out
17.
This summer I
didn't travel
abroad because
I had to look
after my parents
18.
The journalist
didn't have time
to look over his
article
19.
Look at the ball
and hit it with
your racket
20.
The seller
looked at the
price of the
printer in the
catalogue
21.
It is important
to look back and
to learn from
the errors
22.
If you decide to
buy an old car
you should look
over it
23.
Have you seen
my wife? I have
been two hours
looking for her
24.
I am looking
forward to
seeing you
again
25.
Tell your kids to
look out when
crossing the
road
26.
I still don't
know who could
look after my
dog next
Saturday
27.
The president
want me to look
into the
accounts of our
off-shore
branch
28.
Look at the
ceiling; have
you seen that
crack before?
29.
He is still in
bed; this
evening I will
look in
30.
You cannot
change the past
but can look
ahead to avoid
to make the
same errors
46ª: Phrasal verbs: To Make
Gramática
To make for (somewhere) (tr.): Ir en esa
dirección
When I saw the dogs I made for the exit
To make off (intr.): Largarse (ladrones con
algo) (Inglés americano)
The thieves made off with a big loot before the
police arrived
To make out (something): Comprender porque
algo ha ocurrido
I cannot make out how this microwave got on
fire
To make out: Ver / oír algo / a alguien con
dificultad
This classroom is very noisy. I cannot make out
what the teacher says
To make up (something): Inventarse una
historia o una excusa
The detainee made up a ridiculous story to
justify himself
To make up (something): Componer, formr
parte
A watch is made up of hundreds of pieces
To make up one's mind: Tomar una decisión
I don't know what to do: I haven't made up my
mind yet
To make up (a quarrel): Finalizar una disputa
You should make up that dispute with your
brother
To make up (the face): Maquillarse (Inglés
americano)
You don't need to make up your face; you look
wonderful
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan, otras
alternativas pueden ser igualmente válidas).
1.
It was very
foggy and I
couldn't make
________ the
road
2.
My friend
made
________ his
arguments
with his wife
3.
It was too late
so I decided to
make
________
home
4.
The
government
coalition is
made
________ of
many different
small parties
5.
I cannot make
________ how
I lost my wallet
6.
My wife always
make
________
herself before
going out
7.
My brother is
very creative
and make
________ new
games all the
time
8.
The gang made
________
when the
police arrived
9.
For me it is
completely
impossible to
make
________ his
handwriting
10.
The robbers
escaped with
the money and
made
________ the
mountains
11.
The queen's
hair band is
made
________ of
many
diamonds
12.
He made
________ his
problems with
his father and
now they have
a very good
relationship
13.
The mechanic
didn't make
________
which was the
problem of my
car
14.
In the end he
made
________ his
mind to buy a
new car
15.
The hall was
very noisy and
I couldn't
make
________ what
he was saying
16.
The presenters
have to make
________ their
faces before
appearing on
TV
17.
Every night I
have to make
________ new
tales for my
kids
18.
Jupiter is mad
________ of
different sort
of gases
19.
Our financial
director made
________ with
the money of
the company
20.
When I saw
your father this
morning he
was making
________ his
office
21.
Two very
dangerous
prisoners made
________ from
jail
22.
That boy is a
liar; he is
making
________
excuses all the
time
23.
She doesn't
know how to
make
________ her
face
24.
The 10 per
cent of the
Spanish
population is
made
________ of
immigrants
25.
I cannot make
________ why
this television
doesn't work
26.
You should
made
________ your
disputes with
your boss
27.
I don't believe
him; I am sure
that he has
made
________ this
story
28.
My son hasn't
made up his
mind yet
________ what
to study
29.
In autumn the
birds make
________ the
south
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan,
otras alternativas pueden ser igualmente
válidas).
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
It was very
foggy and I
couldn't make
out the road
2.
My friend
made up his
arguments
with his wife
3.
It was too late
so I decided to
make for home
4.
The
government
coalition is
made up of
many different
small parties
5.
I cannot make
out how I lost
my wallet
6.
My wife always
make up
herself before
going out
7.
My brother is
very creative
and make up
new games all
the time
8.
The gang made
off when the
police arrived
9.
For me it is
completely
impossible to
make out his
handwriting
10.
The robbers
escaped with
the money and
made for the
mountains
11.
The queen's
hair band is
made up of
many
diamonds
12.
He made up
his problems
with his father
and now they
have a very
good
relationship
13.
The mechanic
didn't make
out which was
the problem of
my car
14.
In the end he
made up his
mind to buy a
new car
15.
The hall was
very noisy and
I couldn't
make out what
he was saying
16.
The presenters
have to make
up their faces
before
appearing on
TV
17.
Every night I
have to make
up new tales
for my kids
18.
Jupiter is mad
up of different
sort of gases
19.
Our financial
director made
off with the
money of the
company
20.
When I saw
your father this
morning he
was making for
his office
21.
Two very
dangerous
prisoners made
off from jail
22.
That boy is a
liar; he is
making up
excuses all the
time
23.
She doesn't
know how to
make up her
face
24.
The 10 per
cent of the
Spanish
population is
made up of
immigrants
25.
I cannot make
out why this
television
doesn't work
26.
You should
made up your
disputes with
your boss
27.
I don't believe
him; I am sure
that he has
made up this
story
28.
My son hasn't
made up his
mind yet about
what to study
29.
In autumn the
birds make for
the south
47ª: Phrasal verbs: To Put
Gramática
To put aside (tr.): Ahorrar (especialmente
dinero) para un uso posterior
We should start putting aside money to pay
an English summer course for our daughter
To put (something) back: Atrasar la fecha de
un evento
Next Monday our president will be abroad;
we have to put the meeting back
To put (a watch) back / forward : Atrasar /
adelantar un reloj
The 31st of October in Europe the watches
have to be put back one hour
To put (something) back: Volver a colocar
algo en su sitio
My kids never put their toys back; I always
have to do it myself
To put down (tr.): Sofocar una rebelión /
revuelta
The police put down the demonstration using
tear gas
To put down (tr.): Escribir
I could put down the number plate of the car
that hit yours
To put down (tr.): Poner en un sitio (lo
contrario de pick-up)
I told my kid to put down the old watch but
he didn't obey me
To put (something) down to (tr.): Atribuir a
algo
He was very listless in the party but I put it
down to his tiredness
To put forward (propuesta / idea): Proponer
algo para su debate
I put forward a proposal in the last meeting
but no one supported it
To put in (tr.): Colocar / instalar una
maquina en su sitio
The technician came yesterday to put in the
new dishwasher
To put in for ( a job / a post): Solicitar un
trabajo
When I finished my studies I put in for a job
in a bank
To put (someone) off: Comunicar a alguien
que se retrasa una cita con él
I invited him for dinner but had to put him
off because I started feeling bad
To put off (an action): Postponerla
We should put off our tennis match; I will be
very busy this afternoon
To put on (vestidos, joyas, etc.): Ponerse (lo
contrario de take off)
Which dress are you going to put on for this
weeding?
To put on (tr.): Poner en marcha un aparato
apretando un interruptor
The first thing he does when arrives at home
is to put on the TV
To put out (tr.): Apagar una luz / un fuego
Yesterday night you went to bed and forgot to
put out the light
To be put out: Enfadar a alguien
I was very put out when she didn't invite me
to her party
To put up (edificios, monumentos, etc.):
Levantar
We need to put up a fence in the garden to
avoid our dog goes out
To put (someone) up to (something):
Explicar a alguien cómo hacer algo,
normalmente un truco
My granny put my mother up to many of her
delicious recipes
To put up with (something): Soportar algo
pacientemente
We have to put up with our neighbours; they
are really rude
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan,
otras alternativas pueden ser igualmente
válidas).
1.
When he knew
that he wasn't
going to be
promoted he
was very much
put ________
2.
Caroline has
put ________
for a post as
financial
advisor but she
doesn't have
enough
experience
3.
It is very rude
to put someone
________ ; you
should have
very good
reasons to do
that
4.
Due to the bad
weather the
excursion has
been put
________ to
the next week-
end
5.
Life here is a
little bit
uncomfortable;
we have to put
________ with
the noise and
the smoke of
that factory
6.
In our firm
everyone is
invited to put
________ new
suggestions
7.
They have to
put ________ a
scaffolding
round that old
building
8.
Could you put
the washing
machine
________ ? I
don't know
which knob to
press
9.
My watch is 10
minutes slow; I
have to put it
________
10.
Mark has
bought a new
TV but need
someone to put
him ________
to it
11.
Could you help
me to put
________ this
necklace?
12.
He never
intervenes in
the meetings; I
put it ________
to his shyness
13.
You cannot put
________
yourself this
hardware in
your computer;
you should call
an expert
14.
The plane
crashed after
taking off; the
investigators
put it ________
to a technical
error
15.
Due to the
hurricane in
Cuba my
friends have
put ________
their trip there
16.
The fire-
fighter have
worked two
days without
stopping to put
________ that
fire
17.
When the time
finished the
teacher asked
us to put
________ the
pencils
18.
Mark, when
finish reading
the newspaper
put it ________
on the table,
please
19.
I put ________
his address
because I
feared I could
forget it
20.
My boss always
put ________
the light when
he leaves his
office
21.
If you want to
change your
car you have to
start putting
________
money
22.
An impressive
crane has been
put ________
in front of my
house
23.
The army
couldn't put
________ the
rebellion and
the
government
was
overthrown
24.
This computer
is very easy to
use; you only
have to put it
________
25.
Why did you
pick that frame
up? Please, put
it ________ ,
you can break
it
26.
This clock
gains; you
should put it
________
27.
She is very
unreliable;
always is
putting
everyone
________ for
some stupid
reason
28.
In our
department the
boss is the only
person who put
________ new
ideas
29.
The police put
________ the
revolt after two
days of
negotiations
30.
I don't know
how to put
________ this
new radio in
my car
31.
I put ________
his telephone
number but I
don't
remember
where
32.
You shouldn't
spend all your
salary; you
should put
________ some
money
33.
For technical
reasons our
flight has been
put ________ 5
hours
34.
I don't know
how to use this
computer.
John, could
you put me
________ to it?
35.
My company is
looking for
new graduates.
Why don't you
put ________
for it?
36.
Due to the
shuttle
accident Nasa
has put
________ its
space
programme
37.
I don't
understand
him; he always
take my
calculator but
never put it
________
38.
In the office I
have to put
________ with
my boss; he
trys to make
my life
miserable
39.
My granddad
put ________
his glasses and
started to read
the newspaper
Exercises
1.- Completa los siguientes phrasal verbs.
(Aparte de las soluciones que aquí se dan,
otras alternativas pueden ser igualmente
válidas).
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
When he knew
that he wasn't
going to be
promoted he
was very much
put out
2.
Caroline has
put in for a
post as
financial
advisor but she
doesn't have
enough
experience
3.
It is very rude
to put someone
off; you should
have very good
reasons to do
that
4.
Due to the bad
weather the
excursion has
been put back
to the next
week-end
5.
Life here is a
little bit
uncomfortable;
we have to put
up with the
noise and the
smoke of that
factory
6.
In our firm
everyone is
invited to put
forward new
suggestions
7.
They have to
put up a
scaffolding
round that old
building
8.
Could you put
the washing
machine on? I
don't know
which knob to
press
9.
My watch is 10
minutes slow; I
have to put it
forward
10.
Mark has
bought a new
TV but need
someone to put
him up to it
11.
Could you help
me to put on
this necklace?
12.
He never
intervenes in
the meetings; I
put it down to
his shyness
13.
You cannot put
in yourself this
hardware in
your computer;
you should call
an expert
14.
The plane
crashed after
taking off; the
investigators
put it down to a
technical error
15.
Due to the
hurricane in
Cuba my
friends have
put off their
trip there
16.
The fire-
fighter have
worked two
days without
stopping to put
out that fire
17.
When the time
finished the
teacher asked
us to put down
the pencils
18.
Mark, when
finish reading
the newspaper
put it back on
the table,
please
19.
I put down his
address
because I
feared I could
forget it
20.
My boss always
put out the
light when he
leaves his
office
21.
If you want to
change your
car you have to
start putting
aside money
22.
An impressive
crane has been
put up in front
of my house
23.
The army
couldn't put
down the
rebellion and
the
government
was
overthrown
24.
This computer
is very easy to
use; you only
have to put it
on
25.
Why did you
pick that frame
up? Please, put
it down, you
can break it
26.
This clock
gains; you
should put it
back
27.
She is very
unreliable;
always is
putting
everyone off
for some stupid
reason
28.
In our
department the
boss is the only
person who put
forward new
ideas
29.
The police put
down the revolt
after two days
of negotiations
30.
I don't know
how to put in
this new radio
in my car
31.
I put down his
telephone
number but I
don't
remember
where
32.
You shouldn't
spend all your
salary; you
should put
aside some
money
33.
For technical
reasons our
flight has been
put back 5
hours
34.
I don't know
how to use this
computer.
John, could
you put me up
to it?
35.
My company is
looking for
new graduates.
Why don't you
put in for it?
36.
Due to the
shuttle
accident Nasa
has put off its
space
programme
37.
I don't
understand
him; he always
take my
calculator but
never put it
back
38.
In the office I
have to put up
with my boss;
he trys to make
my life
miserable
39.
My granddad
put on his
glasses and
started to read
the newspaper
48ª: Indicando direcciones
Gramática
Relación de diversos giros que se utilizan a la
hora de facilitar información sobre una
dirección.
Find (see) the pharmacy in front of you (on
your right / on your left, ...): Encuentra (ve)
la farmacia delante suya (a su derecha, a su
izquierda, ...)
Go along (the street, the avenue, ...):
Continúa a lo largo (de la calle, avenida, ...)
Go back (till the hotel, …): Vuelve hacia
atrás (hasta el hotel, …)
Go down: Sigue cuesta abajo
Go on: Continúa
Go past (the Post Office, ...): Sigue hasta
pasar Correo
Go straight on: Continúa recto
Go to the end (of the street, of the road, …):
Continúa hasta el final (de la calle, de la
carretera, ...)
Go up: Sigue cuesta arriba
Halfway down the street (up the street): A
mitad de camino calle abajo (calle arriba, ...)
Take the first (the second, ...) turning on
your left (on your right, ...): Coge la primera
calle a mano izquierda
That place is round the corner: Ese lugar
está cerca de la esquina (a la vuelta de las
esquina)
That place is at the corner: Ese lugar está en
la esquina
Till the corner (the turning, ...): Hasta la
esquina (la bocacalle, …)
Till you see the restaurant on your right (on
your left, in front of you, opposite you, ...):
Hasta que veas el restaurante a tu derecha
Till you come to the restaurant: Hasta que
llegues al restaurante
Turn left (right) into the street (the avenue,
...): Gira a la izquierda y entra en la calle
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes expresiones de
movimiento con alguna de las palabras entre
paréntesis.
1.
Go ________
this avenue
till you see the
National
Museum
(next, along,
past, at)
2.
Go ________
till you come
to the railway
station (off,
back, on,
take)
3.
Go ________
to the end of
this street (on,
into, at, by)
4.
Go back
________ the
Hotel Palace
(take, turn,
past, go)
5.
When you
come
________ the
second
turning you
will see the
hospital in
front of you
(on, take,
past, to)
6.
________ the
next square
take the street
on your left
(up, at, to,
down)
7.
Go ________
the river till
you come to a
small bridge
(next, along,
at, into)
8.
Go up and
________ the
second
turning on
your right
(turn, come,
take, go)
9.
Go down and
________ the
cinema (past,
close, come,
turn)
10.
You will find
the stadium
________ the
end of Tiffany
Avenue (at, to,
up, down)
11.
Go ________
the street till
the next
traffic light
(take, turn,
till, down)
12.
Turn left at
the next
corner
________
Mansel Road
(into, up,
down, next)
13.
Go to the end
of this avenue
and you will
________ to a
pub (take,
turn, come,
stop)
14.
Go on and
________ the
second
turning on
your left
(turn, take,
come, go)
15.
You will find
that shop
halfway
________ the
street (up, in,
during, next)
16.
You must go
on ________
the second
turning on
your left
(next, till, up,
down)
17.
Go along and
you will find
the bookshop
________ you
(next, close,
opposite, at)
18.
The optician's
is just
________ the
corner (down,
up, on, at)
19.
Go on and
you will find
the
supermarket
________
down the
street (round,
halfway, next,
at)
20.
You will find
that
restaurant
________ the
next corner
(in, up, at,
down)
21.
Go on
________ you
see a big park
on your right
(till, up, down,
along)
22.
At the next
corner
________ left
into Morgan
Avenue (go,
come, take,
turn)
23.
The pharmacy
is just
________ the
corner (on,
round, off,
along)
24.
Take the first
turning
________
your left (in,
by, on, along)
25.
Go to the end
of the street
and you will
see the
Theatre
________ you
(in front of,
back, next,
up)
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes expresiones de
movimiento con alguna de las palabras
entre paréntesis.
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Go along this
avenue till
you see the
National
Museum
2.
Go on till you
come to the
railway
station
3.
Go on to the
end of this
street
4.
Go back past
the Hotel
Palace
5.
When you
come to the
second
turning you
will see the
hospital in
front of you
6.
At the next
square take
the street on
your left
7.
Go along the
river till you
come to a
small bridge
8.
Go up and
take the
second
turning on
your right
9.
Go down and
past the
cinema
10.
You will find
the stadium
at the end of
Tiffany
Avenue
11.
Go down the
street till the
next traffic
light
12.
Turn left at
the next
corner into
Mansel Road
13.
Go to the end
of this
avenue and
you will
come to a
pub
14.
Go on and
take the
second
turning on
your left
15.
You will find
that shop
halfway up
the street
16.
You must go
on till the
second
turning on
your left
17.
Go along and
you will find
the bookshop
apposite you
18.
The
optician's is
just at the
corner
19.
Go on and
you will find
the
supermarket
halfway
down the
street
20.
You will find
that
restaurant at
the next
corner
21.
Go on till you
see a big
park on your
right
22.
At the next
corner turn
left into
Morgan
Avenue
23.
The
pharmacy is
just round
the corner
24.
Take the first
turning on
your left
25.
Go to the end
of the street
and you will
see the
Theatre in
front of you
49ª: Consejos
Gramática
Distintas estructuras que se utilizan en
inglés para dar consejos:
Con verbos modales: You + (must / should)
+ ...
You must visit the dentist
Con la estructura: You had better +
infinitivo (sin "to")
You had better consult with your lawyer
If I were you I + (should / would) ...
If I were you I should look for a new job
I advise (I would advise) you + infinitivo
I advise you to rest in bed; you have fever
Why don't you +...
Why don't you buy a new car
It is time you + pasado simple
It is time you went to bed
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes expresiones de
consejo (además de la solución señalada
puede haber alguna otra alternativa
también válida).
1.
I ________
you to go
this summer
to England
to improve
your
English
2.
You had
________
buy a new
television set
3.
It is
________
you solved
your
problems
with your
brother
4.
You
________
move close
to the city
centre
5.
________
don't you
come with
us to the
mountains
this week-
end?
6.
If I
________
you I should
speak with
your boss
7.
I ________
you to visit
in Madrid
the museum
"El Prado"
8.
You
________
leave the
office a little
bit earlier
9.
It is
________
you repair
that broken
window
10.
You
________
better
changed
your point
of view
about that
subject
11.
If I
________
you I should
call the
police
12.
You
________
practice
some sport;
it is good for
your health
13.
It is
________
you went
back home
14.
I ________
you to
change your
insurance
company
15.
________
don't you
change your
glasses?
They look a
little bit out
of date
16.
It is
________
you make a
decision
about your
career
17.
I ________
you to study
a little bit
harder
18.
________ I
were you I
should sell
this house
and would
buy a new
one
19.
You
________
better come
with me to
the theatre
20.
I ________
you to
consult that
problem
with your
doctor
21.
If I
________
you I would
ask her to
marry me
22.
You
________
study
German; it
is very
important in
your firm
23.
It is
________
you got
involved in
this project
24.
You
________
better
finished
your
relationship
with your
girlfriend
Exercises
1.- Completa las siguientes expresiones de
consejo (además de la solución señalada
puede haber alguna otra alternativa
también válida).
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
I advise you
to go this
summer to
England to
improve
your
English
2.
You had
better buy a
new
television
set
3.
It is time
you solved
your
problems
with your
brother
4.
You should
move close
to the city
centre
5.
Why don't
you come
with us to
the
mountains
this week-
end?
6.
If I were
you I
should
speak with
your boss
7.
I advise you
to visit in
Madrid the
museum El
Prado
8.
You should
leave the
office a
little bit
earlier
9.
It is time
you repair
that broken
window
10.
You had
better
changed
your point
of view
about that
subject
11.
If I were
you I
should call
the police
12.
You must
practice
some sport;
it is good
for your
health
13.
It is time
you went
back home
14.
I advise you
to change
your
insurance
company
15.
Why don't
you change
your
glasses?
They look a
little bit out
of date
16.
It is time
you make a
decision
about your
career
17.
I advise you
to study a
little bit
harder
18.
If I were
you I
should sell
this house
and would
buy a new
one
19.
You had
better come
with me to
the theatre
20.
I advise you
to consult
that
problem
with your
doctor
21.
If I were
you I would
ask her to
marry me
22.
You must
study
German; it
is very
important in
your firm
23.
It is time
you got
involved in
this project
24.
You had
better
finished
your
relationship
with your
girlfriend
50ª: Imperativo
Gramática
1ª persona del plural
Afirmativo: Let us (= let's) + infinitivo (sin
"to")
Let us start the meeting
Negativo: Let us not + infinitivo (sin "to")
Let us not delay our decision
2ª persona singular / plural
Afirmativo: Infinitivo (sin "to")
Open the door!
Negativo: Don't + infinitivo (sin "to")
Don't smoke here!
3ª persona singular / plural
Afirmativo: He / she / they + must +
infinitivo (sin "to")
He must finish her homework
Negativo: He / she / they + must not +
infinitivo (sin "to")
She must not pay that bill
Exercises
1.- Traduce al inglés las siguients
oraciones (además de la solución señalada
puede haber alguna otra alternativa
también válida).
1.
Contesta el
teléfono
2.
Vayamos al
cine
3.
No te
ensucies
4.
No invites a
tu amigo a
mi fiesta
5.
Juguemos al
tenis
6.
Ellos deben
comprar un
ticket para
entrar en
este club
7.
Ella debe
ordenar su
habitación
8.
Preparemos
la cena
9.
El debe
reparar mi
bicicleta
10.
No digas eso
11.
Ella debe
descansar
en la cama
12.
Ellos no
deben
aceptar esa
excusa
13.
Lávate las
manos
14.
No hagamos
tanto ruido
15.
Cómprame
el periódico
16.
El debe
parar de
fumar en
este edificio
17.
Ellos no
deben nadar
en el lago
18.
No
continuemos
discutiendo
19.
Lavemos el
coche
20.
Ellos no
deben
trabajar
durante la
huelga
21.
Tráeme un
vaso de
agua
22.
No abras la
puerta
23.
No seamos
ridículos
24.
Ella debe
cortar el
césped
25.
Dame 5
dólares
Exercises
1.- Traduce al inglés las siguients
oraciones (además de la solución señalada
puede haber alguna otra alternativa
también válida).
0 Respuestas Correctas
1.
Answer the
phone
2.
Let us go
to the
cinema
3.
Don't get
dirty
4.
Don't
invite your
friend to
my party
5.
Let us play
tennis
6.
They must
buy a ticket
to enter
this club
7.
She must
tidy her
bedroom
up
8.
Let us
prepare the
dinner
9.
He must
repair my
bicycle
10.
Don't say
that
11.
She must
rest in bed
12.
They must
not accept
that excuse
13.
Wash your
hands
14.
Let us not
make so
much noise
15.
Buy me the
newspaper
16.
He most
stop
smoking in
this
building
17.
They must
not swim
in the lake
18.
Let us not
continue
arguing
19.
Let us
wash the
car
20.
They must
not work
during the
strike
21.
Bring me a
glass of
water
22.
Don't open
the door
23.
Let us not
be
ridiculous
24.
She must
mow the
lawn
25.
Give me 5
dollars
{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{
22ª: "Past simple" vs "Past perfect"
Gramática
Ambos tiempos describen acciones finalizadas en el pasado, si bien con algunas
diferencias.
a) Past Simple
Acción finalizada en el pasado; no se hace referencia a ninguna conexión con el presente.
I studied law at the university of Madrid
b) Past Perfect
Equivale al "present perfect" pero tomando como punto de referencia un momento en el
pasado.
- La acción finalizó cerca de dicho momento pasado que es mencionado en la oración.
Did you see him when you went to his office? No, he had left
- La acción finalizó justo en dicho momento pasado o incluso continuó después.
He had lived in Paris for 10 years when he decided to buy his own flat (continuó viviendo
en París)
23ª: Can / May
Gramática
a) Posibilidad vs Probabilidad
"Can" indica que algo es posible (las circunstancias lo permiten o alguien tiene la
habilidad de hacerlo).
I can play tennis quite well
I can open that door with my key
I can run for two hours
This car can go faster than 200 km per hour
You can go to France without a passport
"May" indica que algo es probable; equivale a "perhaps"
My friend may win the race
The sky is very dark. It may rain
b) Permiso
Se utilizan ambos verbos modales, con los siguientes matices:
- Tener permiso: "can" es más habitual.
I can smoke in the office
- Dar permiso: "may" es más habitual, "can" más informal.
You may smoke here if you want
You may use my computer
You can take my car (informal)
Si el permiso viene de un tercero se utiliza "can".
You can smoke here (la ley lo permite o las normas de esta oficina)
- Pedir permiso: "can" es más habitual y también más informal
Can I smoke in the office? (informal) / May I smoke in the office? (formal)
Can I speak to you? (informal) / May I speak to you? (formal)
c) Petición
- Solicitar algo: Se utilian ambos verbos modales
May (Can) I get your dictionary?
- Pedirle a alguien que haga algo: se suele utilizar "can"
Can you give me that book?
d) Ofrecimiento
Se utiliza ambos verbos modales
Can (May) I help you?
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24ª: Can / Could
Gramática
"Can" y "could" se utilizan para expresar permiso, posibilidad o habilidad. Como regla
general "can" se utiliza en el presente y "could" en el pasado, pero hay ciertos matices:
a) Posibilidad / habilidad
En el presente "can" y en el pasado "could" o "was / were able".
With the new motorway you can go from Madrid to Barcelona in less than 4 hours
Ten years ago you could go from Madrid to Barcelona in 6 hours
I can play tennis
I could (was able) to play tennis when I was a child
"Could" también se utiliza con un sentido condicional, mientras que en el futuro se
emplea "will be able":
If I had money I could buy a new car
In two years I will be able to speak English fluently
b) Permiso
En el presente distinguimos:
- Tener o pedir permiso: "can" tiene un sentido informal y "could" formal.
I can use the company's car for my private trips (informal)
I could use the company's car for my private trips (formal)
Can I borrow your car ? (informal)
Could I borrow your car ? (formal)
- Dar permiso: se utiliza "can"; "could" únicamente se emplea con un sentido
condicional.
Tonight you can stay with us
If you don't find any other place, you could stay with
En el pasado se utiliza "could" y en el futuro "can".
c) Ofrecimiento
Sólo se utiliza "can".
Can I help you
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Must / Have to
"Must" y "Have to" expresan una obligación. A veces se pueden utilizar indistintamente
(especialmente con la primera persona donde prácticamente tienen el mismo sentido), no
obstante existen ciertas diferencias.
"Must" se utiliza con el tiempo presente y futuro
"Have to" con pasado, presente y futuro
Autoridad externa Autoridad del emisor
Pasado Had to Had to
Presente Have to Must
Futuro Will have to Must
"Must": el emisor impone una obligación.
"Have to": el emisor no impone ninguna obligación, se limita a comunicar una obligación
que existe.
(Teacher) You must do your homework (El profesor impone el deber de hacer los deberes)
(Student) I have to do my homework (el estudiante se limita a comunicar una obligación
que le ha sido impuesta)
You must stop making noises (El profesor ordena a sus alumnos)
You have to stop smoking (La mujer le recuerda a su marido una obligación que le ha
impuesto el medico)
I cannot stay longer, I have to go home (mis obligaciones familiares me obligan a volver a
casa)
"Must" también se puede utilizar para expresar un consejo de forma enfática.
Ver la diferencia entre:
You should stop smoking
You must stop smoking
En ambos casos no se trata de una obligación sino de un consejo. Con "must" el consejo
es más enfático.
Forma interrogativa
Must + sujeto + verbo principal ?
Do + sujeto + have to + verbo principal ?
Must you leave now?
Do you have to leave now?
Forma Negativa
Cuando la oración es negativa el significado de estos dos verbos es diferente:
"Mustn't": no se debe hacer algo
"Don't have to": no es necesario hacer algo
You mustn't go to that meeting (no debes ir ya que no has sido invitado)
You don't have to go to that meeting (no es necesario que vaya; no se va a tratar nada
interesante)
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26ª: Should / Must / Have to
Should
Se utiliza para dar consejos. Se indica que algo es bueno y por lo tanto se debería hacer.
Es una recomendación, no una obligación. Tiene menos fuerza impositiva que "must" y
que "have to".
If you feel bad you should go to the doctor
También se utiliza para dar una orden pero de forma muy educada.
Anyone who wants to enter the conference should show his credentials
(Se trata realmente de una obligación -es obligatorio mostrar las credenciales para entrar
en la conferencia-, pero está expresada de forma poco coercitiva)
Construcción: este verbo modal va seguido del infinitivo del verbo principal sin la
partícula "to".
Se utiliza en pasado, presente y futuro.
I should have finished my report yesterday (pasado)
You should help me, I can not do it alone (presente)
Tomorrow you should call your parents (futuro)
El pasado se utiliza para indicar algo que se debería haber hecho y no se hizo.
La forma negativa es: shouldn't
You shouldn't smoke
Y la forma interrogativa: Should + sujeto...?
Should I wear a dark suit for the party?
Must / Have to
Expresan una obligación, algo que hay que hacer.
You must come here immediately (es una orden)
If you want to make a career in a company you have to speak English (No hay alternativa:
o hablas inglés o no hay carrera posible)
Comprueba la diferencia con la siguiente oración:
Nowdays it is very important to speak English. You should do it.
Aquí se trata de un consejo, mientras que en la anterior era una obligación.
Por otra parte, cuando se utiliza "must" / "have to" el emisor tiene la convicción de que
la obligación va a ser cumplida, mientras que cuando se utiliza "should" no se sabe si el
consejo se va a seguir o no.
We should buy a new car (es un deseo; no hay seguridad de que vayamos a hacerlo)
We must buy a new car (hay muchas probabilidades de que lo hagamos)
Exercises
1.- Elige "Must" / "Should" / "Have to" (en el tiempo correspondiente) para
completar estas oraciones:
1.
You ________ speak to your brother
and try to solve that problem
2.
You ________ come with us to the
cinema; the film we are going to see
is marvellous
3.
You are very fat. You ________
practice sport (consejo)
4.
Please, we are in the church; you
________ stop making that
unpleasant noise (A father to his son)
5.
If you want to watch TV, first you
________ finish your homework
6.
If I want to buy a new house I
________ get a mortgage (A mother
to her daughter)
7.
You cannot go out with your friends.
You ________ stay at home because
you have fever
8.
In internal flights you ________
check in one hour before the
departure
9.
I ________ go to the bank to get some
money
10.
You ________ visit Paris. What a
beautiful city!
11.
The doctor is very worried about my
dad and has told him that he
________ work less
12.
I ________ fill the tank; it is almost
empty
13.
Our teaches have told us that we
________ be quiet during the class (A
father to his son)
14.
You will have exams in two weeks.
You ________ study harder
(obligation)
15.
(The police officer to the protesters)
You ________ leave this place
immediately
16.
I ________ leave immediately; it is
very late and tomorrow I have to get
up early
17.
In the petrol station we ________
switch off the engine before filling the
tank
18.
The weather is really nice. We
________ go for a walk
19.
You ________ to go to the dentist;
you have lost a filling (consejo muy
enfático)
20.
You ________ go by plane; by car it
is a very long journey
21.
You ________ read more; it is very
good for your education
22.
Kevin, you ________ shave yourself;
you look a little bit scruffy (A mother
to her son)
23.
You ________ get up; it is very late
(orden)
24.
Jane, you ________ rest; you look
very tired
25.
The police told us that we ________
get out of the car
SOLUCION
1.
You should speak to your brother and
try to solve that problem
2.
You should come with us to the
cinema; the film we are going to see
is marvellous
3.
You are very fat. You should practice
sport
4.
Please, we are in the church; you
must stop making that unpleasant
noise
5.
If you want to watch TV, first you
must finish your homework
6.
If I want to buy a new house I have to
get a mortgage
7.
You cannot go out with your friends.
You must stay at home because you
have fever
8.
In internal flights you have to check in
one hour before the departure
9.
I have to go to the bank to get some
money
10.
You should visit Paris. What a
beautiful city!
11.
The doctor is very worried about my
dad and has told him that he has to
work less
12.
I have to fill the tank; it is almost
empty
13.
Our teaches have told us that we must
be quiet during the class
14.
You will have exams in two weeks.
You must study harder
15.
You must leave this place immediately
16.
I have to leave immediately; it is very
late and tomorrow I have to get up
early
17.
In the petrol station we have to switch
off the engine before filling the tank
18.
The weather is really nice. We should
go for a walk
19.
You must to go to the dentist; you
have lost a filling
20.
You should go by plane; by car it is a
very long journey
21.
You should read more; it is very good
for your education
22.
Kevin, you should shave yourself; you
look a little bit scruffy
23.
You must get up; it is very late
24.
Jane, you should rest; you look very
tired
25.
The police told us that we must get
out of the car
