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9:3:

Ls|azf /7

:3&:3&9:3:

¶Oÿdf h|noafnc le ycqf ecsly6

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Oalnoac

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\n eãly 'ml ec a`ec an`elc EC_LY; Ea`g} Cdzeahaoc}afn iq _}ad|ec}lm Ldassafn fh 

Ycmac}afn 'cdzeahaocoaÿn ml e|{ zfy ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc ml ycmacoaÿn!! l |n

mazfa}axf s|l |}aea{c |n lhlo}f ml ec dloãnaoc o|ãn}aoc% ec ldaaÿn anm|oamc f

l}ad|ecmc% zcyc `lnlycy |n gc{ ml e|{ ofglyln}l ml |n dlmaf cmlo|cmf q ofn le

}cdcóf% ec hfydc q ec z|yl{c ofn}yfecmf.

Ln 3138% Ceily} Lan}lan l}cieloaÿ ef h|nmcdln}f zcyc le mlcyyfeef ml ef

eãly q ml | zylmlolfyl% ef dãlyl 's|l lda}ln daoyffnmc!% |}aea{cnmf ec

elq ml ycmacoaÿn ml Dcw Zecnob iccmc ln ef ofnolz}f ml ldaaÿn lzfn}ãnlc l

anm|oamc ml ycmacoaÿn. 

Ceily} Lan}lan kcdã adc`anÿ s|l |nc amlc |qc ce`ûn mäc lyxayäc zcyc eelncy ml

e|ol d|e}aofefyl ef ofnoaly}f ml Yaobq Dcy}an. Le h|noafncdaln}f mle eãly l

icc ln |n zyfolf s|l l ofnfol ofdf ec ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc% amlc s|l zylln}ÿ

Lan}lan ln 3130. E|l`f% ln 31<7% le häaof l}cmf|namlnl Ogcyel Gcym]fpnl czeaoÿ | ofnfoadaln}f ofn daoyffnmc c ef ycqf ml e|{ q lecifyÿ ef

zyanoazaf iãaof s|l zlyda}ayäcn oylcy |n eãly. Mf cóf mlz|á% ]glfmfyl

Dcadcn% f}yf häaof nfy}lcdlyaocnf% ofn}y|qÿ le zyadly eãly lhaoaln}l.

Ln 3197 Y|mfeh Ecnmlni|y` ylzfy}ÿ gcily fi}lnamf ec zyadlyc lxamlnoac mle

hlnÿdlnf ml ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc ml ycmacoaÿn% c|ns|l nf zcÿ ml ly |nc

o|yafamcm ml ecifyc}fyaf% zfy ef s|l ec }lfyäc h|l fexamcmc gc}c mlz|á ml

ec _l`|nmc @|lyyc D|nmace% o|cnmf h|l mldf}ycmc mlhana}axcdln}l zfyPaeea

L|`lnl Ecdi q Y. O. Y|}glyhfym. 

Ln 31<?% Ogcyel G. ]fpnl q ef l}|macn}l ml zf}`ycmf Kcdl Z.

@fymfn q Glyily} K. [la`ly ofn}y|qlyfn le zyadly dãly; |n mazfa}axf s|l

h|noafncic ofn ef dadf zyanoazaf häaof s|l le eãly zlyf s|l zyfm|ol |n gc{

ofglyln}l ml daoyffnmc. Le dãly ml ]fpnl lyc anoczc{ ml h|noafncy ln

ofn}an|f. Nabfeãa Iãfx q Celbcnmy Zyÿkfyfx ml ec \naÿn _fxaá}aoc }ycickcyfn

anmlzlnmaln}ldln}l ln le foaecmfy o|ãn}aof q ylfexalyfn le zyfieldc ml fi}lnly

|n dãly ml ceamc ml e|{ ofn}an|c% |}aea{cnmf a}ldc ofn dã ml mf naxlel ml

lnly`äc. ]fpnl% Iãfx q Zyÿkfyfx ofdzcy}alyfn le Zyldaf Nfile ml Häaoc ln318= zfy )ef }ycickf h|nmcdln}cel ln le ocdzf ml ec lelo}yÿnaoc o|ãn}aoc)% ef

o|cel ofnm|klyfn c ec ofn}y|ooaÿn ml foaecmfyl q cdzeahaocmfyl iccmf ln

ef zyanoazaf ml ef dãly$eãly.

]fpnl q Cy}g|y Elfncym _ogcpefp fn ofnamlycmf ef anxln}fyl mle eãly% le

o|ce zc}ln}cyfn ln 318:. Mf cóf mlz|á% Yfily} Gcee anxln}c le eãly

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ldaofnm|o}fy. Ln 3181 l lno|ln}yc ec zyadlyc czeaocoaÿn anm|}yace mle eãly ce

ly |}aea{cmf ln ec femcm|yc ml ef leldln}f ml ogczc ln ec hciyaocoaÿn ml

xlgäo|ef q% ce cóf a`|aln}l @fymfn @f|em zc}ln}c f}yc d|ogc czeaocoafnl

zyão}aoc zcyc le eãly.

Le 38 ml dcqf ml 317:% |n `y|zf

ml häaof ml ec \naxlysamcm ml 

G|ee eamlycmf zfy @lfhhylq

Zyl} yl`a}ycn ec zyadlyc ldaaÿn

eãly ln le ycn`f ml ef ycqf W.

Zfof dll mlz|á l

ofdaln{c c ofdlyoacea{cy le maof

ofdzco}f% mfnml |n gc{ eãly ml

ickc zf}lnoac )ell) ef mc}fofmahaocmf ln hfydc ml zls|lóf

fyahaoaf 'z|n}f q ycqc! fiyl |n

maof ÿz}aof ofn |nc ocyc

ylhelo}cn}l. Zf}lyafydln}l lc

lo|lnoac ml mc}f ma`a}ce l

}ycnhfydc ln |nc lóce cnceÿ`aoc

zlyda}alnmf ec lo|ogc ml ef

cyogaxf d|aocel. Ln 317=% ec

}lonfef`äc mlcyyfeecmc ofdaln{c

c |cyl ln le ocdzf mle

cedcolncdaln}f dcaxf ml mc}f.

Ln 311= ln le Ylanf \namf% l

|}aea{c zfy zyadlyc xl{ ec }lonfef`äc eãly ln oanldÿdl}yf zcyc ml}lo}cy

ofnm|o}fyl ofn lwolf ml xlefoamcm. Zf}lyafydln}l l lw}alnml | |f zfy }fmf

le d|nmf.

Qc ln le a`ef WWA% oaln}ähaof ml ec \naxlysamcm ml _}. Cnmylps oylcn |n eãly s|l

z|lml dcnaz|ecy fikl}f d|q zls|lóf. Ce dadf }aldzf% oaln}ähaof kczfnlloylcn fikl}f mle }cdcóf ml |n `eÿi|ef yfkf |}aea{cnmf le eãly. Ln 9::9% oaln}ähaof

c|}yceacnf )}lel}ycnzfy}cn) ofn áwa}f |n gc{ ml e|{ eãly ml |n e|`cy c f}yf.9 Mf

cóf mlz|á le loãnly eãly zlyda}l ce D|lf Iya}ãnaof lhlo}|cy lwgaiaoafnl

xay}|cel.? Ln 9::8% oaln}ähaof ml ec ofdzcóäc An}le mlo|iyln ec hfydc ml }ycickcy

ofn |n ogaz eãly glogf ofn aeaoaf ciyalnmf ec z|ly}c zcyc le mlcyy feef

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ml ylml ml ofd|naocoaÿn d|ogf dã yãzamc q lhaoaln}l.= Qc ln le a`ef WWA% 

oaln}ähaof ml ec \naxlysamcm ml _}. Cnmylps oylcn |n eãly s|l z|lml dcnaz|ecy

fikl}f d|q zls|lóf. Ce dadf }aldzf% oaln}ähaof kczfnll oylcn fikl}f mle

}cdcóf ml |n `eÿi|ef yfkf |}aea{cnmf le eãly. Ln 9::9% oaln}ähaof c|}yceacnf

)}lel}ycnzfy}cn) ofn áwa}f |n gc{ ml e|{ eãly ml |n e|`cy c f}yf.< Mf cófmlz|á le loãnly eãly zlyda}l ce D|lf Iya}ãnaof lhlo}|cy lwgaiaoafnl

xay}|cel.8 Ln 9::8% oaln}ähaof ml ec ofdzcóäc An}le mlo|iyln ec hfydc ml }ycickcy

ofn |n ogaz eãly glogf ofn aeaoaf ciyalnmf ec z|ly}c zcyc le mlcyyfeef

ml ylml ml ofd|naocoaÿn d|ogf dã yãzamc q lhaoaln}l

Le eãly l |n mazfa}axf lelo}yÿnaof

s|l cdzeahaoc |n gc{ ml e|{ mllw}ycfymancyac an}lnamcm. _l icc ln

ec lwoa}coaÿn ml |nc fnmc

l}coafncyac ln}yl mf lzlkf% |nf

fzcof q f}yf }yceûoamf% ln |n dlmaf

gfdf`ánlf. Ofdf yl|e}cmf ml l}l

zyfolf l fya`anc |nc fnmc

e|danfc ml dûe}azel amc q xlnamc

ln}yl ef lzlkf% s|l cel zfy le

}yceûoamf

Le hlnÿdlnf ml ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc ml ycmacoaÿn% ln|noacmf zfy Lan}lan ln 3138%

ofn}a}|ql ec icl ml ec }lonfef`äc ldzelcmc ln ec hciyaocoaÿn ml mazfa}axf

eãly. Ef zyadlyf lwzlyadln}f s|l czyfxlogcyfn maogf hlnÿdlnf o|edancyfn

ln le gceec{`f% ln 31<?% mle mlnfdancmf dãly% |n a}ldc s|l ldzelcic |n gc{

ml dfeáo|ec lzcycmc ln mf `y|zf ”lwoa}cmc q nf lwoa}cmc”% |}aea{cmf

zcyc ec ldaaÿn ml daoyffnmc ln |nc oãdcyc ml ylfncnoac. Ln |nc hcl

zf}lyafy% ec anxl}a`coaÿn l lnocdanÿ ce l}|maf ml |n dá}fmf zcyc zyfm|oay l}l

}azf ml ycmacoaÿn l}ad|ecmc ln le ocf ml ec e|{ xaaiel. _|y`aÿ% cä% ln ef cóf

lln}c% le mlnfdancmf dãly ÿz}aof% le eãly% }áydanf s|l mlyaxc ml ec anaoacel

ml Ea`g} cdzeahaoc}afn iq }gl }ad|ec}lm ldaafn fh ycmac}afn 'cdzeahaocoaÿn ml ec

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e|{ zfy ec ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc ml ycmacoaÿn!. Ln ef ofdaln{f% l ofnamlyÿ s|l le

dc}lyace iãaof zcyc ec ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc ml e|{ mliäc ly |n `c2 zf}lyafydln}l

ofdln{ÿ c lwzlyadln}cyl ofn oya}cel an}á}aof ml y|iä. Ln ec co}|ceamcm% ec

anxl}a`coafnl l maya`ln gcoac le mlcyyfeef mle eãly ml ycqf W2 ln l}l ocf% ec

h|ln}l ml lwoa}coaÿn nf l ec e|{ ml |n hecg na |nc mlocy`c leáo}yaoc% ofdf ln ef

dfmlef cn}lyafyl% anf |nc lwzefaÿn n|oelcy.

Le h|nmcdln}f mle eãly; ec ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc

Le ã}fdf l}ã an}l`ycmf zfy |n nûoelf% hfydcmf zfy |n ofnk|n}f ml zyf}fnl q

nl|}yfnl% q zfy |nc lyal ml lelo}yfnl ldzec{cmf c ml}lydancmc ma}cnoac%

ceylmlmfy mle nûoelf. Lelo}yfnl% zyf}fnl q nl|}yfnl fn ec }yl zcy}äo|ec

iãaoc. Ef lelo}yfnl zflln |nc dcc d|q zls|lóc q ocy`c nl`c}axc. Zfy |

zcy}l% zyf}fnl q nl|}yfnl }alnln czyfwadcmcdln}l ec dadc dcc% zlyf

daln}yc ef

zyadlyf zflln

ocy`c leáo}yaoc

zfa}axc% ef

nl|}yfnl

ocyloln mlocy`c. Ef

lelo}yfnl mle

ã}fdf% o|qc

lnly`äc mlz lnml

ml | ma}cnoac ce

nûoelf% z|lmln

lnofn}ycyl ln

l}cmf lwoa}cmf ”ofn |nc lnly`äc |zlyafy c ec nfydce” f ln ylzff. Ln lel}cmf lwoa}cmf% le lelo}yÿn cedcolnc |nc ml}lydancmc zyfzfyoaÿn ml lnly`äc.

Ln xay}|m mle eecdcmf zyfolf ml cifyoaÿn% o|cnmf |n hf}ÿn ”ylofymldf s|l

ec fnmc ml e|{ }cdiaán l mlnfdancn hf}fnl” ogfoc ofn |n lelo}yÿn nf

lwoa}cmf% z|lml gcoly s|l zcl ce l}cmf ml lwoa}cmf. Gcia}|cedln}l% |n lelo}yÿn

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s|l yl|e}c lwoa}cmf% ce ocif ml |n }aldzf zcc n|lxcdln}l ce l}cmf ml ylzff%

lda}alnmf ce zccy |n hf}ÿn. L}l hlnÿdlnf% ofnfoamf ofdf ldaaÿn lzfn}ãnlc%

l le s|l }alnl e|`cy% zfy lkldzef% ln le _fe f ln ec ifdiaeec. Cgfyc ialn% |n

lelo}yÿn z|lml ly anm|oamf c eailycy | lnly`äc cedcolncmc. _a |n hf}ÿn zcc ce

ecmf ml |n lelo}yÿn lwoa}cmf% á}l yl}fync ce l}cmf nf lwoa}cmf c }ycxá ml ec

ldaaÿn ml |n hf}ÿn ml e|{ a`|ce ce s|l zcÿ k|n}f c áe anaoacedln}l. L}l zyfolf

l ofnfol ofdf ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc q ofn}a}|ql le h|nmcdln}f mle eãly.

Ec e|{ nfydce q le ycqf eãly

Ec }yl ocyco}lyä}aoc s|l mahlylnoacn le ycqf eãly ml ec e|{ mle _fe f ml ec

`lnlycmc zfy |nc ifdiaeec% l s|l cs|áe l |n gc{ ml e|{ dfnfmaylooafnce%

dfnfoyfdã}aof q ofglyln}l.

Ef ldafyl ml e|{ mlzamln daeefnl ml fnmc% s|l z|lmln }lnly amán}aoc

maylooaÿn f zflly maylooafnl ma}an}c. Ec ifdiaeec l |n ldafy ml e|{

fdnamaylooafnce% hyln}l ce eãly% s|l l dfnfmaylooafnce. Ln o|cn}f c ec

ocyco}lyä}aoc mle dfnfoyfdc}ädf% le ofefy ml |nc e|{ l}ã ln h|noaÿn ml |

hylo|lnoac2 a }fmc ec fnmc zfll ec dadc hylo|lnoac% zflln }cdiaán le

dadf ofefy. Ef haecdln}f ml ec ifdiaeec l}ãn hfydcmf zfy ã}fdf q

dfeáo|ec mahlyln}l q% zfy }cn}f% ec lnly`äc cifyiamc q mlzylnmamc ln hfydc ml

hf}fnl cmfz}c xcefyl maxlyf. Z|l}f s|l ec hylo|lnoac mle hf}ÿn l}ã ln

ylecoaÿn ofn | lnly`äc% ce xcyacy £c lnly`äc xcyäc ec hylo|lnoac lda}amc. Ec e|{ ml

|nc ifdiaeec }alnl dûe}azel hylo|lnoac% mlzlnmalnmf mle haecdln}f s|l l gcqc

ldzelcmf ln | ofn}y|ooaÿn. Zfy le ofn}ycyaf% ln |n eãly% ec h|ln}l ml e|{

zyfxalnl ml |n `c f ml |n ÿeamf d|q z|yahaocmf. Ln cdif ocf% ef ã}fdf

}alnln amán}aof naxlel lnly`á}aof. Ofdf yl|e}cmf% ef hf}fnl `lnlycmf

zflln amán}aoc lnly`äc q hylo|lnoac.

Ec fnmc lelo}yfdc`ná}aoc fn lócel ce}lync% l mloay% ocdiacn ofn}cn}l$

dln}l ml xcefy. L}c xcyacoaÿn }alnl hfydc ml o|yxc. Ec zcy}l ml ec o|yxc ln s|l

l lno|ln}yc ec fnmc ln |n dfdln}f ofnoyl}f q ln |nc zfaoaÿn mcmc l eecdc

hcl. Mf fnmc ml amán}aoc maylooaÿn q hylo|lnoac l lno|ln}ycn ocmc |nc%

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nfydcedln}l% ln |nc hcl ma}an}c. Ln le ocf ml s|l |nc ml leec l a}|cyc ln |n

dãwadf q f}yc ln |n dänadf% l cn|ecyäcn. _an ldicy`f% z|lml |olmly s|l

cdic lócel zflcn ec dadc hcl q% ofnlo|ln}ldln}l% ef dadf xcefyl%

ef s|l }lnmyäc ofdf yl|e}cmf |nc fnmc ml mfiel ml }cdcóf. Mcmf s|l ln ec e|{

nfydce ec fnmc nf l}ãn ln

hcl% |nc zyfzfyoaÿn lelxcmc

ml | lnly`äc l zalyml%

z|l}f s|l |nc lócel l

cn|ecn ofn f}yc. Zfy le

ofn}ycyaf% ln le eãly% }fmc ec

fnmc zflln ec dadc hcl q

ec lnly`äc yl|e}cn}l l ecdãwadc zfaiel% z|l}f s|l nf

l cn|ec nan`|nc fnmc. Á}l

l le ln}amf mle }áydanf

ofglyln}l.

Ofdzfnln}l mle eãly

Le eãly l}ã hfydcmf zfy |n nûoelf% s|l |lel }lnly hfydc cecy`cmc% mfnml l`lnlycn ef hf}fnl. Le nûoelf z|lml ly |nc l}y|o}|yc oya}ceanc% zfy lkldzef

y|iä% f |n }|if ml xamyaf s|l ofn}alnl `cl% zfy ef `lnlyce maÿwamf ml ocyifnf f ec

dl{oec gleaf$nlÿn. Ln o|ces|aly ocf% fn dc}lyacel s|l zflln lelo}yfnl

hãoaedln}l lwoa}ciel q s|l nf lda}ln andlmac}cdln}l ml hfydc lzfn}ãnlc% anf

s|l z|lmln s|lmcy lwoa}cmf m|ycn}l |n }aldzf dänadf. L zyloacdln}l l}l

zls|lóf an}lyxcef ml }aldzf le s|l l nlola}c  zcyc s|l ef lelo}yfnl zyfm|{ocn

ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc% nf lzfn}ãnlc.

K|n}f ce nûoelf l gceec le lwoa}cmfy% |n leldln}f oczc{ ml zyfxfocy ec lwoa}coaÿn

ml lelo}yfnl mle dc}lyace s|l l gceec ln le nûoelf% c zcy}ay ml |nc eãdzcyc ml

ml}leef ”s|l zyfxfoc |n hecg ldlkcn}l ce ml |nc oãdcyc hf}f`yãhaoc” f ml

mf lelo}yfmf s|l zyfm|oln |nc ml$ocy`c leáo}yaoc ml ce}c }lnaÿn.

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Le }lyoly ofdzfnln}l mle eãly fn mf lzlkf zcycelef ldzec{cmf ln ef

lw}yldf mle nûoelf. \nf ml leef l ylhelo}cn}l% daln}yc le l`|nmf l

ldayylhelo}cn}l% l mloay% zlyda}l le zcf ml |nc zcy}l ml ec e|{ s|l el eel`c.

O|cnmf l xlyahaoc ec lwoa}coaÿn% `ycn ocn}amcm ml lelo}yfnl zccn ce l}cmf

lwoa}cmf q% |nc `ycn dcqfyäc% zlydcnlol ln maogc a}|coaÿn m|ycn}l |n

ml}lydancmf an}lyxcef ml }aldzf. Nf fi}cn}l% ce`|nf ylcea{cn |nc ldaaÿn

lzfn}ãnlc% 3 `lnlycnmf hf}fnl s|l l mlzec{cn ln }fmc maylooafnl. C|ns|l

ln | dcqfyäc l zalymln zfy ef ec}lycel mfnml nf gcq lzlkf% |n zls|lóf

nûdlyf ylif}c ln}yl leef q zcc zfy le an}lyafy mle nûoelf% s|l l }ycnzcyln}l. Ce

zccy zfy le nûoelf% zyfxfocn ec ldaaÿn l}ad|ecmc ml n|lxf hf}fnl ln ec

dadc maylooaÿn. L}f n|lxf hf}fnl ylif}cn }cdiaán ln ef lzlkf%fya`ancnmf% c | xl{% ec ldaaÿn ml dã hf}fnl% q cä |olaxcdln}l. Z|l}f s|l

|nf ml ef lzlkf l ldayylhelo}cn}l% |nc zcy}l ml ef hf}fnl% ln e|`cy ml

ylif}cy% loczc% hfydcnmf |nc lzloal ml ogfyyf d|q hanf; l le ycqf eãly

xaaiel.

Czeaocoafnl mle eãly

Ln ec co}|ceamcm% ec czeaocoafnl mle eãly fn dûe}azel. Mcmf s|l |n gc{ ml

ycqf eãly fya`anc |nc eänlc ylo}c ml e|{% l zfaiel |}aea{cyec ofdf `|äc ln le

}lnmamf ml }|ilyäc% zcyc mlhanay }logf f zcylml ofdzel}cdln}l zecnf ln ef

}ycickf ml ofn}y|ooaÿn f zcyc dlmay ma}cnoac ”oceo|ecnmf le }aldzf s|l }cymc

ec e|{ ln ay q xfexly ce fikl}axf c dlmay”. Zfy f}yc zcy}l% le ycqf eãly zyfzfyoafnc

`ycn mlhanaoaÿn% ef s|l zlyda}l |}aea{cyef ln ec adzylfyc ml ef fymlncmfyl. Ec

`ycicoaÿn ml adã`lnl ln }yl madlnafnl l icc% cadadf% ln le ldzelf ml

mf ycqf eãly% |nf ml ef o|cel mc maylo}cdln}l ln ec zleäo|ec% daln}yc le

l`|nmf ylif}c ln le fikl}f s|l l mllc hf}f`ychacy. Ofdf l ciamf% le xfe|dlnml anhfydcoaÿn s|l }ycnda}l |nc fnmc lelo}yfdc`ná}aoc mlzlnml ml |

hylo|lnoac2 ln l}l ln}amf% ec e|{ ml |n ycqf eãly yl|e}c amÿnlc zcyc ec

}ycndaaÿn ml lócel. Ln le ãdia}f ml ec dlmaoanc% ef ia}|yä oc|}lya{cn}l

ylo|yyln }cdiaán c ec }lonfef`äc mle eãly% ef s|l zlyda}l ylcea{cy ofy}l d|q hanf

ml `ycn zyloaaÿn q lxa}c o|ces|aly yal`f ml ofn}c`af2 cadadf% le eãly oc|}lya{c

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ml dcnlyc andlmac}c% celkcnmf le zlea`yf ml gldfyyc`ac. \nc ml ec czeaocoafnl

dã of}amacnc mle eãly l ec elo}|yc ml maof ofdzco}f. Z|lmln dlnoafncyl

}cdiaán ec hciyaocoaÿn ml oayo|a}f an}l`ycmf% ec elo}|yc ml oÿma`f ml icyyc f le

}ycick8 ofn dc}lyacel anm|}yacel.

¶Oÿdf h|noafncn ef ycqf eãly ml ef lzlo}ão|ef6

Ef eãlyl |cmf ln ef lzlo}ão|ef ml e|ol q ln ef ofnoaly}f fn eãlylml `c% zyanoazcedln}l ml cy`ÿn q byaz}ÿn. Ef eãlyl ml cy`ÿn zyfm|oln e|olc{|el q xlyml% daln}yc s|l ef ml byaz}ÿn zyfm|oln e|{ yfkc an}lnc. Zcyc zfmlyxly ef ycqf l nlolcyaf s|l ce`f lzcy{c ec e|{. _a ef eãlyl fn ef ic}cn}lan}lnf% ofn ec mazlyaÿn mle cayl l |haoaln}l zcyc gcoly ef ycqf xaaiel. Ml}fmc hfydc% l el cócml g|dlmcm f g|df ce cayl zcyc cq|mcy ec xaaiaeamcm.

Ec adã`lnl q mai|kf s|l xldf ln ef lzlo}ão|ef l ofna`|ln |cnmflzlkf. O|cnmf ece|{ eãly ylif}c lnleef% o|ces|alyzls|lóf ocdiaf lnec fyaln}coaÿn mlelzlkf oc|c |n`ycn ocdiaf ln ecadc`ln. Eflzlkf s|l maya`lnef ycqf eãly fn`|acmf c | xl{zfy dlocnadflelo}yfdc`ná}aofml ce}c xlefoamcms|l z|lmlnocdiacy le ãn`|efmle lzlkfmycdã}aocdln}l lnhycooafnl mll`|nmf. Ofn xcyaf ml l}f lzlkf lzloacel }ycickcnmf c ec xl{ q maya`amfzfy |nc ofdz|}cmfyc% l ef`yc s|l le ycqf eãly mai|kl ec ha`|yc s|l mcn{cn ceofdzã ml ec dûaoc s|l }cn}f mahy|}cdf.

F}yf |f mle Eãly

Ef c}yÿnfdf ef |cn zcyc dlmay ofn zyloaafn ec ma}cnoac ml ec ]alyyc c ecE|nc% ef an`lnalyf zcyc dlmay ma}cnoac% q ln ec ofn}y|ooaÿn zcyc cq|mcyl lnec naxlecoaÿn ml |n }lyylnf% ef oaln}ahaof ef |cn zcyc oylcy gfef`ycdc% lndlmaoanc zcyc ofyyl`ay ec xaaÿn q }cdiaán% a l ml d|ogc zf}lnoac ayxl zcyc|cyef ofdf ycqf ml}y|o}fy. 

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O|cnmf l anxln}ÿ ln 318:% l mlnfdancyfn ofdf )|nc fe|oaÿn i|ocnmf |n

zyfieldc s|l ylfexly). Mlml ln}fnol l gcn x|le}f fdnazylln}l. _l z|lmln

lnofn}ycy ln dael ml xcyacmc czeaocoafnl ln o|ces|aly lo}fy ml ec foalmcm

co}|ce. L}c anoe|qln ocdzf }cn mazcyl ofdf ec lelo}yÿnaoc ml ofn|df% ec

}lonfef`äc ml ec anhfydcoaÿn 'anhfydã}aoc!% cnãeaa ln oalnoac% dá}fmf ml

mac`nÿ}aof ln dlmaoanc% cä ofdf le dlocna{cmf% femcm|yc f a}ldc ml ofy}l

ln lo}fyl anm|}yacel q daea}cyl.

Ln ic}cn}l czeaocoafnl% ef ilnlhaoaf ml ef eãlyl l mliln c |

zyfzalmcml häaoc ofdf ec ofglylnoac% ec ce}c dfnfoyfdc}aoamcm q ec oczcoamcm

ml ceocn{cy zf}lnoac lw}yldcmcdln}l ce}c. C dfmf ml lkldzef% |n gc{ eãly

ce}cdln}l ofglyln}l z|lml ly lnhfocmf zfy mlickf ml | eäda}l ml mahycooaÿn s|l%

c efn`a}|ml ml

fnmc xaaiel%

ofyylzfnml fecdln}l

c |nf

zfof ncnÿdl}yf. 

O|cnmf l lnhfoc |n

gc{ ml eãly zf}ln}l

fiyl |n z|n}f% á}l yloa 

il |nc lnfydl mlnamcmml lnly`äc.7 L}c

zyfzalmcm zlyda}l ce

eãly

`ycicy `a`ciq}l ml

anhfydcoaÿn ln ec daoyfoÿzaoc ocxamcml ml |n OM% MXM f Ie|$ycq. ]cdiaán

zlyda}l c |n eãly ml dlmac f ickc zf}lnoac ceocn{cy an}lnamcml d|q ce}c q

|cyef zcyc ofy}cy% s|ldcy f anoe|f |ieadcy dc}lyacel.

Le ycqf eãly l ldzelc ln le zyfolf ml hciyaocoaÿn ml `ycicy fdcyocy dl}cel% zeã}aof q xamyaf. F}yf |f fn;

  Mafmf eãly% |cmf ln z|n}lyf eãly% adzylfyc ecly% q ylzyfm|o}fyl ml

OM% MXM% Ie|$Ycq% GM$MXM2

  Eãly ml z|n}f o|ãn}aof

  Eãly ml gleaf$nlÿn

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  Eãly ml maÿwamf ml ocyifnf $ |cmf ln anm|}yac zcyc ofy}l q femcmf

  Eãly lwoadly% s|l zyfm|ol e|{ |e}ycxafel}c q l |}aea{c ln ec hciyaocoaÿn ml

ldaofnm|o}fyl q ln ec oay|`äc fo|ecy Ecab2 

  Eãly nlfmadaf$QC@% |n eãly ml ce}f zfmly s|l fzlyc ofn e|{ anhycyyfkc2 l

|}aea{c zcyc ofy}cy% femcy q dcyocy dl}cel q f}yf dc}lyacel.  QC@ mfzcmf ofn lyiaf% 38=< nd

  QC@ mfzcmf ofn }|eaf% 9:3< nd

  QC@ mfzcmf ofn gfedaf% 9:1: nd% |n eãly ml ce}f zfmly s|l fzlyc ofn e|{

anhycyyfkc% l cifyiamf ml dcnlyc lwzefaxc zfy }lkamf adzyl`ncmf ml

g|dlmcm ln looafnl ml dlnf ml |n daeädl}yf ml lzlfy. @lnlycedln}l

fzlyc ln dfmf z|ecn}l q zcc c }ycxá ml mazfa}axf s|ayûy`aof ml haiyc

ÿz}aoc. _l |}aea{c zcyc s|a}cy dcnogc ml ef maln}l% xczfya{cy }|dfyl

ocnolyä`lnf q mlgcoly oãeo|ef ylncel q xlao|ecyl.  Eãly ml [chayf mfzcmf ofn ]a}cnaf% l |n eãly anhycyyfkf hãoaedln}l

an}fna{ciel s|l l |}aea{c ln lzlo}yfofzäc. 

  Eãly ml haiyc mfzcmc ofn lyiaf% |n }azf ml eãly hfydcmf ml |nc haiyc ÿz}aoc

lzloacedln}l hciyaocmc% s|l l |}aea{c ofdf cdzeahaocmfy zcyc

ofd|naocoafnl ÿz}aoc.

  Eãly ml ofefycn}l% hfydcmf zfy |n ofefycn}l fy`ãnaof fzlycn ln le \X$XA_

ml dfmf z|ecmf% |cmf ln lzlo}yfofzac zfy | hãoae an}fna{coaÿn q | ickf

zyloaf.

Ce`|nc czeaocoafnl mle Eãly ln ec xamc of}amacnc fn;

  Dlmaoanc; Fzlycoafnl an cn`yl% }yc}cdaln}f s|ayûy`aof% cq|mc c ec

oaoc}ya{coaÿn ml glyamc% }yc}cdaln}f ml zalmc ln le yaófn% fzlycoafnl ml

xa}c% fzlycoafnl fmfn}feÿ`aoc.

  Anm|}yac; Ofy}cmf% `|acmf ml dcs|ancyac q yfif} ml hciyaocoaÿn% dlmaoafnl

ml ma}cnoac zyloac dlmacn}l eãly.

  Mlhlnc; @|acmf daael iceä}aof% ce}lync}axc ce Ycmcy% ol`c`f c ec }yfzc

lnlda`c.

  An`lnalyac Oaxae; @|acmf ml dãs|anc }|nlecmfyc ln }ûnlel% mahlyln}l

czeaocoafnl ln ec }fzf`ychäc ofdf dlmaoafnl ml ma}cnoac c e|`cyl

anncolaiel.

  Anxl}a`coaÿn; Lzlo}yfofzäc% An}lyhlyfdl}yäc eãly% EAMCY% ma}cnoafdl}yäc.

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  Mlcyyfeef ln zyfm|o}f ofdlyoacel; Adzylfyc eãly% OM% elo}fyl ml

oÿma`f ml icyyc% z|n}lyf eãly% }lydÿdl}yf% gfef`ycdc% czeaocoafnl ln

ae|dancoaÿn ml lzlo}ão|ef.

  ]yc}cdaln}f ofdá}aof q oay|`äc l}á}aoc; ]yc}cdaln}f ml Coná% ole|ea}a%

}yc}cdaln}f ml ec l}yac% mlzaecoaÿn.