EAIIITHHA, IIpHillTHHa - Jlerrocasah, ca. 17, 2004.

YJlK 323.1 (497.115)

HeJ-iad BACHE

ETHIflIKE 3AJE~HIIr(EH ETHlIqKH KOHcI>JIHKTHHA KOCOBY H METOXllJII

~a 6nCMO a)];eKBaTHO pasystermIi OCBeTJIHJIH OIlCKYPHY CTBapHOCT epeHoMeHa

nOCTKOI\1YHHCrnQKe rpamanaje ):(PYlllTB~ IIOJIHTIltrr<y xyrrrypy,neMoKparnjy, crarse

JbynCKJIX II KoneKTHBHHX npana yxrsyxyjyh« H rpahancxe cnofiozre na KOCOBy H Me­roxnja y yCJIOBHMa de facto 1vle1)YHap0,llHOr nporexropara YH, HeOnXO,llHO je caacrrexra caspexrene nOJIHTHqKe cPRJIOcocPHje, HaYKe 0 nOJlliTRUH H COIlHOJIOrnjepa3MOTpHTH rrorroscaj, crpYKIYPY, npnpozty R xapaxrep eTHIltJKHX sajenaana C 063H...

pOMna nocrojehe (Meijy)eTHHqKe KOHcPJll:IKTe. KanaHMaMO y rPOKYcy crynajy cnysa­j a, Koe-OBCKe eTHHqKe saj enmnre, y OBOM HayQHOM pazry npesacxozmo ce npOMHIII.Jba­

jy, perexrarnsnpajy, aKTYe.ITH3yjy If acrnsy KOMrmeReR nOJllITHlJKHX, conajamrax Ii

MeljYeTHHG:I<JfX rrpofirrexra xoja ce aHPeKTHO onnoce na nae ,nOMRHalITHe eTHHlIKe sa­jennnne - Cp6e, 6pojqaHO MathY ermrucy sajcznrauy, Ii Anfiamte, 6pojtIano sehy,I10cBe HecyMH>RB HaYtIHIf 3aK.JLyqaK, Mopamra npynrraeaa nopyxa II IIOnIITHlll<anon­yxa cy ztace .rroraljajR ozt 17, 18. H 19. Maprn 2004. HHKa.z:ta name He nOHOBe.

KrbY4HepellU: eTHRqKe sajenamre, eTHRqKH KOHcPJUlKTR, KOCOBO If MeTOXH­

ja, 11eljyHapO,LUlH rrporexropar YH, naport, nanaja, HamrOHaJIR3aM, enulrnm HaIlH­

onarmsasr, AeMoKpaTHja, JbY~CKa Ii KOJIeKTIIBHa rrpasa, noxrapetse, ronepamraja

~,HaQllje Hiley neurro Be~HO. HMane cy CBOj IIOqeTaK, I1Mane H CBOjxpaj.'

EPllCiU Peuau, 11. MapT 1882. - Coptiona

"bojM~1 ce ,na yxtecro ,lIIfjanora, pacnpasa, noroaapaa,a ca HCTRHHTHM

npencrasumneaa anfiancxe HapO)lHOCTH - He 6y,n;eMO jenner, same He rta­

.rexor zraua, npnnyhcaa )];a TO ~HHMO ca arr6aHCKllM HaQHOHaJIlICTHMa... AHe 6YJlY JIll ce TM: OJJ:HOCH peurann na pasaonpaauoj II .rpajacj OCHOBH) 60-

j 11:\1 ce .Ja riC XXI BCK,' U,HEi'IJII13 JUHj a, p(~3BOj ~ J,Cl\'IOKpaTHj a

TH C3J\IO nycrc )KC_'T,C,

32. nOTIIJfpEBar-bc U.C1UHOI-l3JUI1iX occhau.a H HaU~10r'EiJIFiCTHlrb:HX (11)a-

CTH 3~lHCTa unje fn1KaK_Ba :\}).l.J,pOCT. HanpOTJ1B.~ fIOT].lCtJHO je HC-

K:byqIITM pa3:yr·/l, ,.;1[60l1 CITtLL~t6o.ril(!2

YBOll

'llJBCK jc O,UBajKa;:r3 OBO yrryheu na I1pI1pOIIY if 3ajC;J1H1Il)/ C3 llPYITf\'!

~--L)l.JI:I\la, \TonpajyhH ;Iap013C npHpOJC vicu.ac j c car.ty npupony Eel ki H ca~10­

ra eeoc. ")7 .rpyuneeuon -- aHTpOrIOJIOIUK.O[\-r~ KYJrry'pI-I01\L Ul1BHJIH3aUHjC.KO\I

IT CTIIfP-IKO).l Hl~CIiTHTCT~/, npovrcue KOjC jc 4.0BCK HalfHHHO ua onpchenovrCTLl211>rjYi\lY csora passoja Ol1JIC cy llpCJ:~leT pa3JlfrLiYITI'IX 'rcopajcrorx upoxiu­m.san.a, XCPJ\-1CHCYTI1LiKI1X npIiCTy'na qJHJJOcoq)a, I\leTO;lOJiOlilKl-1X II I-IaY'l{­

HJ1X npoy-ranau.a xao Ff nOJ"HrrHl-lKI1X Hi:-rrepnpCTllpalba Kp03 .iocanauin.ylICTOpHjy _~bY21CKC UHBHT(~I3aUHjc. ~,3a pa3JI~lK)/ OIl COl.U-10JIOrMje xao orrune

. ..uayxe 0 IIp)lUrrBy, KOJa npoy-nusa ouurra H 3aJc.I1HJ;p-IKa CBOJCTBa l1pYIlITBa 11

I-bcrOBfIX HCTOpHjCKI1X OO_'HiKZL CTlIOJlorHJa _. KaKO je 110 ra.ia uasueaua au-. .

TpOnOJIOfTIJ (1- yrJIaBHO),1 Je TpC'fHpaHa xao HaY'K3 0 IrpHI\-H1TI1BHHNl I/IJIH ap-

xajCKM1\'1 «y.rrypava II zrpyurrsrrsta".'Jcnau 021 OClIH13aI.13 ernc.rorujc E,LH3apZ-t Tej.iop ;..J:cclHIIfH_cao jy jc ~/

. .KOHTeKcTy aI--rrpOnOJIOrI1JC "Kao KOh'111JIeKcffy l-Ia)'~KY KOJa npoy-raua l\.)1j1TY-

P)' lIPI-I~JHTHBHHX uapo.ia, O;J,I-IOClIO 3I!aILC~ BcpOBaI-LC, yr\'ICTHOCT~ IVIOpaJI,

npaso, ofin-rajc H C8e llpyrc cnocofinocrn }IJTH I-{aBHKC rrplf:L\.fUTHBHI-lX rpyuaII 3ajc;lHllua".2 ')7CKO cneU.!1cPHKOBa:HO~ y CaBpCl\leI-TOl\1 CIVI11CJI)r, npaKT1F-n-IO Ii

.rcopnjct,o HCXO)lHlllTC y IIOjlHT[FIKL~ Cpr!J10coq)I1jM 11 .ipyurrucuoj HCTOpl'ljJ-1lLJ.cja, C 06311POiVl ua Te\12TCI(I1 H lleCKpHITfHB!IH OKBI11J OBoe nay-uror paua,lIt\lahci\10 v rho KVC·y· KOJICKTI1BI-IO-iICIIXO.':TOillKe Te01DI!ie IlpVUITBa KcLJa C"l v~ \±J ..... ...~ ~' ~ 0.1

mrran.y eTIIHlfKe saje.muue II (lJYI-IKUilOHJJII-ICTr,P-IKC rcopnje JJ:p)TilTBa «a.iacc pa;JH 0 CTH_HqKHl'vl KOHq)JIHK'TH!\IU Ha KOCOR)' II Meroxuju.

1 ~1. Ileuinh. j/eod y COl/110.?OZlU)', I/IncTHTYT 33 l1Cv1HTJ-p-IKe H .\fenYHapO~1Irc CT),'.1H­

je - rIncTH1}'T 33 rrO:1HTl,p:IKe CTY-lHje, Eeorpa.t 19x5, 76.

:2 1-'1C1'O\ 76,

Ermouce sajenanne H eTHHqKH KOHcpJIHKTH na Kocosy 11 Meroxajn 175

1. Tlojass nauaje - csurcao H aaaxea,e

Pes nauuja, je3HqKI1 ysen, liMa saa-rajny neKCRQKY 11 CeMaHTI1lfi<)'

ztpyurraeuy IIOBeCT. "IbeHa H3BopHa (eTHMonOIIIKa) CeMaHTIiKa rronyr cno­

BeHCKor uapoo cezce no aneje 0 pony H pohersy."> 113BopHH POJlHH nojasr

sa nanajy je rp-nca pex etnos xoja ce na JIamHCKM npesozm xao gens a nacnOBeHCKH xao 'pen'. Hna-re, naTIlHCKH H3pa3 gens (neM. gentis) eTHMOnO­

IlIKI1 je y Be3H ca rJIarOJIOM nascor - JI3BOpHO gnascor. II y je.n;HoM R Ynpy­rOM 06JIMKY HaJIa3H ce acrn nnnoeaporrcxa npaxopen pexn. Crraxno MH­

uirsea,e sacryrra COUHOJIOr xynrype Ii peHOMHpaHH TeOpemqap nauaje H

HaUHOHa.Jlli3Ma - IipaHHMI1p CTOjKOBHO.4 Ilopen pe-ra etnos, ys natio M

gens, KOpHCTH ce H .rpehn JIaTHHCKH H3p33 - populus, KOjH y npesozry naCpnCKJf je3HK 3HaqR 'IIJIeMe'.

Tlopen CJIOBeHCIGiX jesuxa, qJfjoj jesa-rxoj rpyna npnnaziaR cpncxn,naruncxy pe-r natio rrpeysenn cy rOTOBO CBR pOMaHCKH II repMaHCKH jesa­UI1, re ce zianac KOJIOKBlIjaJIHO peq napoo y urapesr CMMCJIy -qeCTO Merna ca

TepMMHOM uauuja.CXOJlHO TOMe, y CBllM Ba)KHMjHM je3Hq}(HM .rpanauajaua CBeTa HMa

JIeKCMQKMX napanenaaasra mrra: napoo-uauuja y cprrcxosr je3HKY, nation­people y eHrJIeCKOM, die Nacion-des Yolk y HeMaQKOM, la nation-le peopley eppaHl(ycKoM, kombi-populli y anfiaacxon jesaxy IITJl.

2. IIoJIHTHqKa acropaia npynrreeaor nopexna nauaja

Y J!pyIIITBeHoj HCTOpMjH H,Lleja, <pMJIOCOcPWjH H aayua 0 IIonHmQH a

I10Ce6HO y HeKI1M TeopHjcKHM rrpOMMIIlJbaInHMa, HaUHOHaJIHHM crparera­

jasra Ii ,[(0KTPMHaMa MHorH I10nHTIIqJ<M IIHCI.:(M, cPRJIOCOepM MIIOJlliTHt.IKR co­

UI10JI03H IIOJIa3HJIH cy BeOMa qeCTO OJ! Tora zra cy HapO,[(M y MOnepHOM CMH­

cny nannjc nenrro IIITO 611 ce MOrJIO nasaarn "IIP"POJIHHM lfi1lbeHHuaMa"

xoje cy OJ{ .n;aBHMHa npacyrne. Huax, y 6HTH csera Tara HaJIa3HJIe cy ce IIO­

rpeume XHIIOTe3e. HaHMe, y rraaaa spenena JhY.z:m cy rrpBo6MTHO JKHBeJrn yIIJIeMeHliMa. Hem qaK Ii nan ztanac y TOM IIJIeMeHCKOM CTalYCY JKHBe, IIlTO,

3 P. Cicak - Chand - Josip Kumpes, Etnicnost, nacija, identitet, Institut za migra­cije i narodnosti, Naklada Jesenski / Turk, Zagreb 1998, 15.

4 BH,[(JI 0 TOMe: E.Crojxoanh, EBpOUCKU KyJlWYPJiU UdeH:illuww, I1poCBeTa - HHDI,3aBon aa npoy-raaaise xyrrrypaor pa3BRTKa - Beorpazt, 1993.

176 l leuan Bacuh

jc OrIllJTCn03I1aTO. Kaxo cc npn TO~I yuanpchnnana KOMyHI1KauHja 11 capan­n.a 113MC1)y J[,yllll, rra caMll ~ l TllMC II ll3McllYuocrojehux rrJICII1Clla, Kp03 n.a­XOI3 lIIrrCpaK1'Hl3aH onuoc , TaKO CC II unerrnusaunja rrOCTCllCHO ljJOpMUpaJIaxao 1'aKBa na HllIl OC IlOBar-Ia II npuponuaxr uocraaxaxra. ,,3a1'o CC CJ1000nno1I1O;KC pchn ua cy II uaponn II nauujc naCTaJIH y cxopnjc BPCMC."5 Haxnan­110 cy CC (I)OP ~IIIPaJlH onuojcuu I1L1CIITIHCTII KOjIl cy CC IICTOpl1jCKII jau unu«ao C.'ICII 1CIlTll npyurruenor npoucca HapOLlIlC, rj, CTnHtIKC, II I10mITII4KC(naunouanuc) mrrcrpauajc . Ilpe nero WTO oync~lo pa311101-PIlJIH OBy HIITCP­axruuny pcnaunjy l'ICTOplljCKC xoxmapaunje II nann KOH3UCTcn1'aIl reopnj­CKn II llay41111 OIHIC ya CKCIIJll1UIITC npaKTll4110 oojaum.en.e, 13a..1>a, noAncxcauupy MOJIlIapy - jcnuon on uonehux I1aWIIX CO UllOJlOl'a 11 rrOJII11'1I4­KIIX uncaua nauaum.nue, na'IHIIHTll runonounco pa3!HIKOSaIbC II pasrpann­'lCl bC1l3MCI) y unaua, lIlIe 11ena, uap ooa II opvutiiie«.

,,1. I0WH npcncraan.a rpyny CaCTaB.1>CHY on SI1WC noponnua (KY­ha).'> 3a «ian 1I10;KC1I1O pchu L1a cc per definitionem cacrojn on MyWKJ IX no-

. .roxi axa jenner npCTKa, KOJII cy oprannaosaua y 1l0POLll1UC II L1aJbCCBpC1'a.-HlI y WllpCrpyne. Ca aIlTIl'lKOlll nojauosr 11 pa3130jc lII rpanoaa-zrpxcasa - po­lis-a, OliHOC HO ca nOCTcnCIIH lIl craapan.cu jannor ;K1I130Ta - etos-a, lIaWJIHcy ce nacynpor npusartror ;KIlBOTa :bYJUI y h.-ynll - oikos-y, TlIlIICcponnn­WI TO amuc IIlICY, uch nocrajy, !1CTOpIljCKH Y3CB. ueh je KHIICTCH Cnpoxic­uas ta KOjCjc 1l3BCO(rrOLlCJIlI0 AIITlI KY ua L1ClIIC) OCJIaOIlO fIJ lClIICII CKYyC KOCT(fila) II npeycu epaua I1Xxa 1I0BOMaIlTH'IKOMpolis-yo Jour nOK cy ljJWIC Illlta­!I C 311aTilCOl\!llIKC pononcxor ypcheu,a, KlJUCTCHOBa 1l 0llCJIa AIITIIKC I1a nc­lIIC osua-nrna je rror nyn npenas ua reorpadicxy IITCpllTOpIljaJIIIy opramrsa­unjy polis-a \llllllC ce 1I0JIarallOHCTI1CKliBaJIa KJlaCll' IIIa n011CJIa ua ljJ l1Jle. po­nOBC II 6paTCTBa.

,,2. Il nc u e 0311a'laSa CBCyKyllHOCTCBHXJbYLlHxoju 1I:\lajy aajenuu-rxollOpCKJIO."7OlIOWTOjc differentia specifica I n ~lc1)y nnexiena II KJlU llU jCCTCUCJII1II3 jCWIOr 1IIl1TCKO r nope -ora. Y rp-ncoxi jC3HKy CHHOHHIII 33 IfJ7e.l l e jeplcthos. na JlaTHHCKOlll p lebs a ua rcpuanckoxi jcsmcy teuta, Y Pli~ICKO 110 ­

oa nojaxi plebs 011HOCliO cc C SPClIICIlOlll na HH;KC npyurrncnc CJIOj CBC. nOKCC33 tinevu: ononahno 113pa.3 KOjH jc npe Tom HIIIaO 311a4ell.C ,,",' IGIIG : xenosy I"P 'IKOlll jC3l1Ky Hgens ua WITlII ICKOM. Tana cc CJIOOOLla Hoe36ellllocT MO-

5 A. Monnap, Hapoo, uauuja, pam. J)~orpa:1CKJ1 xpyr/Axamrr, Beorpan 1997. 2.6 IIcTo. 3.7 IIcTO.

ETHHtIKe sajennane II eTHHtII<H KOH<pJIHKTH aa Kocosy If Meroxajn 177

rna Y)KHBaTI1 j e):(HHO y caCTaBY nnesseaa. Ha TOM HHBOy Yrpa;J;HUI10HaJIHOM

CMIICrry MO)l(e ce rrpOTYMaqnTII KJIaCMIffia penanaja upujaiuen; (cannesre­BIlK) - neupujaiuem (rrpMIIa,Z:lHHK 'ryher IlJIeMeHa). Y zrpennoj aarnsxoj rpx­xoj, npnjarcn, je yse« rrpanamrax MCTe sajezraaue IIOTOMaKa oztpehenornperxa (MCTor nnexiena - IIpHM. H. B.), nOKxenos MO)Ke 6HTII ana rOCT IDIHcrpanau I1nI1 nerrpajarers, OtlHOCHO cue Tpoje y I1CTH Max. CYllITIIHa rrpo­6JIeMa je y TOl\le na je O):(HOC npajarers - rrerrpnjarcn, csojeapcraa enndie­HOMeH )lMHaMI1Ke KceH0cP06I1QHOr onnoca KOjH nocrojn y ozmocy jezmor

unexieaa upesra OCTaJIHM nnenemora. 3arrpaBO, caMM3BOpHM nojasr CJIo60­JJ:e - eleuteros na rp-ucosrjesaxy, n Iibettas na JIaTHHCKOM - osnasaaajy IIpR­

rra,lJJIOCT IIJIeMeHy, )lOK je po6 I1Jlli crpanau nenpnjarers, pohen BaH TorfIJIe1-1eHa. Y TOMe ce HaJIa3H CYIllTIIHa nosecaor rrpenasa demos-a y etnos.y OIIIIlTe Y3eB~ paarmxa R3Meljy demos-a R etnos-a je npe KBaHTIITaTIIBHe

Hero KBaJIH:TaTHBHe npapozie, nrro IIOTBp~yjeIi pes gens y JIaTIIHCKOM jesa­xy xoja 03HaQaBa H unesre 11 napozt, OLlHOCHO rsyne KOjIf cy ypohean y CBO­

je IIpIIpOaHe aajermmrc 6e3 063Hpa na H>HXOBy ypohean-rxy nenasaay. To­KOM apeuena cy MIIIqe3JIe ITace WZeMe rrocreneno nperaapano y napoo. Pe-rfolk ce II )J;aH ztauac ynorpefirsaaa y eHrneCKOM je3HK)' xao Ii Yolk y HeMaq­

KOl\f ca 3HalleIhe1'v1 uapozia, ,Z:lOK je crapa rcpstancxa peq xojy CMO nperxon­HO novenynn y rroTIIyHoCTIf HeCTaJIa.

,,3. Hapozt KOjM )l(MBH na onpeheaoj 3eMJbM (TepI1TOpMjH) rrpencraarsacounjanua 06JIIIK KBaJIHTaTHBHO Pa3JIRQIIT y 01lHOCY na nperxozme zrse xa­reropnje.:" Ben KOJ( Xovepa je demos, LqJYlliTBeHO yrexrersena rpyna, Ycy­rrpOTHOCTM ca rrpeTXO,LlHO XOMoreHIIM etnos-OM. CaMHM -qMHOM npenacxapa-rynarsa upnpoznrerrpHIIa,[(HOCTH na TepMTopHjaJIH)' opraaasanajy )l(HBO­

'ra (caCTaBJbeHMX OLl: BMIlIe yjenaa.enax )l;eMa), rra xojoj rra jezurora MecTY Hecraayjy BI1Ille CpO,[(HHUH, Ben pa3HH JhYJJ:H, xoje je rrYIG1 crnnaj ana cnynajTY L{OBeO, TeK je polis TO ovoryhao M CTBOpHO. IIlTO cy BHIIIe jaxana rpa­l)aHcKII CJIojeBM KO):{ rpahaaa Ypolis-y, TO ce rrojasr demos cae name asjen­na-raaao ca (kratein) HnM snanajyhm« rpyrrana. aHO lIITO je JJ:eMOKpamja

(plethos - plebs) sa Tpxe, TO je Res publika (demos - populus) aa PIfM1IJaHe.

,,4. ,[{pyiliTBO je 03HaKa rpynne rrpanazmocra xoja He nocroja nnrneOClfM y llH)lOeBpOrrCKRM je3Rl{MMa, ITa xax He II y CBMMa KOn IDHX."9 Ee3zran.rser pasaarpan,a, nojaxr ApyIIITBa ce jaan.a y rp-ncovjesaxy - koinoni-

8 Hero, 5.9 Hero, 6.

ja . In Klwa IIp c:l ,n ll Y societas . • ia \ill «ac uujc 11 3 JlaTII IICKOJ" VUJao y CBC ~ IO­

;ICPII': CBPl)IIC Ke jC 'Il IKC. 0 11,10 ;H1P':KTIIO - C'III ,\ IO! IOl lJKII society)' curnc­CKO:.t jcu ucv. societe y fjlpa ll l lycKO\1. sllCiela y uranuja uc icou jC31IKY. IIJIII

1I0CpC ;I IIO. 11 0 CWICJIY. IIC:.ta'II' 11 Gcscl lschatl. PYChl1 OOCIlICClll0. CPI ICKI I II

xpua rckn r)fII'lluiu«). Y :1.II'III1CKO\1 Inp,n:- I <ociu s) societas II ( i \ is civ itasuo .unc In IICTOJ" «opcua pC '111. Knill lYllla 'j ,1I1a npnua.iuocr. IlpilpTC,hC ruo11.'111 011(1 IIITO J"aill Y'laja \IIIY IlaK:IOIIOC 1', 1aTO jc y :' IO: IC P " I I ~ I :tPYW't BII\Ja ­

:.tp;KaB.l>allllll Y OIlIC: IY IIp l ll1;\'111 0 cxuahcuor n o jn a (civis). )'lleK IICKO «o jc

caY;KllllaH~lIlllo'lInl l'IKI I X IIpaBa a li e (';\\10 'lp:.l,aBoball llll ( 11)'Ka 1lIl.'l llllll:Jya)

xao T aK a B, Yupauo jc llnucpou. CHCH CllII ouy pcuc nunjy IIC IOpllj CKC 1I0 JIII ­

'111'1KC 'I pan uun] C zrpyurru a. 1Il1':1I'I1 1f11l1icouao J"pa I)a li e KC j ':,lIIaKOC'llI Y 0 KBII­

p)' J"pal)aIICKlll" npyurrua (koinonija politikc = societas c ivilis) , Ecs o\ilHpa. . . .

ua CBC TO. OIl:1C .111W YIlCK II': 1I0CTllJ II KOll 311CTClIT IIa pas uujcua :1IIXOTO:'III.1'1

uapoo-nauuia. OCII\I 3a'ICTIIII:\ fl)OP~1 1I cmos - demos Will lIaK )' 1' 11 .\ 1) gens- populus, .•KaKO cc uojas r 1I<1IUlja . Kao IlJT O hcvio xncunjc BIUC III. jau.r.a y1' 11\1)' )' 3 11a4 Cl hY CKOPO CIIIIOIIII\ IIIO\1 'sa napo.r xuo (etnosrj . gens). Oil he

cc TOKO~ I IICT Opllj C paauujaru I I Ile 311B<lTIl 'l a uapo.r y 1I0,'IlITII' IKm l C~II ICJlY .

0:1I10CIIO xao lI yK cacran.r.cu 0 11 ~le llyeoo llo j cn uaxux II p;t''IB; ba ll a (xoj u11 'Ila unacr Y lIcMo KpaTC KO\1 cucrcuy. 11.111 jc IIOT'lI l1hC II. 011.'10 )' aplll' ro­KpaTCKO\1 OILlO y \IO ltaPXlljCKO'l1 CIICTC\lY) , l ia Kpajy Tor p,131l0jI I01 IIPOllC­

ca . Kl.1j ll Oil CC xiorao ucsaru 'la 'I1O;lC pIlO ; 10 6 a . o uauuju CC rOllopll Kao °CI1CTe\IY Y KOj C'I1 cc KOIl UCII'l j1I IW Y IICK;b)'41Ill0 CJIC\IC IITrI IlO ,IIITII'IKC 1111'1':­

rpauujc. uacyu por uapo.ry. «oju ryo ll cue 1l0, IIIT II" KC kon o'rauujc." :' Ll.a fill

CC jc.u ro ll P YIllTl10 KOIl CTllrYll Ca JIO xao llpY Wl l1e ll l1 CIlCTC ~I. 11 0 T a ! lI,oTY

Ilapcouc y - uorpcfiau jc lllKOK CTCIICII Ca \ tOllO Bo, b I IOCTII. . •Ll.PY W T I10 lI C­

Clll IIl IIll IC\ IO xao ouaj '1'1111 : IP )' IIJTlICIl Or CIICTC'II<I KOjC~ 1 j e CBOjCTBCII uajuu ­WII CTCIICII Ca \I OllO BO: h Il OCTII y 0;1II0CY 11:1 IbCl 'OBO OKPY;KClb C. yx. r.yuyjyh«II ;lpyrc UPY W TIl CIi C Clf CTC\IC ." " Y 011'111 ca upe: 11.: 11 0 1' COlll lOJIOIUKOI II 1l0 JlIl­

TI I' IKl.1 r 1I0 11~Jalha ICTOp"j CKC 1I0jal1C II uacr ruuca uauuje IIaJ la 1C CC: a) C'IIO­

unuanna I I 6) Ky .'l'ryplla .'Im lc l13llja. sao .iua UC1nva,IIIa II K.: b )"lil a oOCHe;K-. '

.Fl )' caxiopmyu cea u.y cucra IJaU\I.! C,

I II Jlcro. 7,II T. Il apcouc, Moocpuu ,)pYllliuoa. Fpa.n rua. Hum 19'12. IIi,

A) EM014UoHMua ouueusuja uapooa

Ben ce csrarpa 3aCTapenI1M y caapeveaoj IIOJIHTlfqKOj <pIfJI030<pHjR Ii

rrOJIHTMqKoj COU;IfOJIOrI1jI1 rrOCTaBJhaIDe mrrarsa ;:J;a JIM ce napon (y CMHCnyeraoca) IVIO)l(e <paKTlrqKH 'rperapara M'reopajcxn rrpOMMIIDbaTH xao jennalJ:pYIIITBeHa rpyna, O)];HOCHO IIOJIHTIIqKa sajcznnnta. Ty zmneery, na cefiacaojcruerr Ha~I1H, paspenrao je jenaa on OCHHBalJa COUHOJIOrHje - Maxc Be­6ep,12 xoja je ucnpaeno ocnopno COQnjaJIHn epaKTIIQHTeT eTHMtIKHX onrra­xa ,LlpYiliTBeHI1X rpyna, cMarpajyhn zra eTHHqKa sajezmuna sarrpaso Ii najeHHKaKBa sajezmana(cpozmasajennaua - KJIaH HnH nneve), Ben enenearap­HH llliHI1JIau xojn y xpajn.oj MHCTaHUH pesyrrrapa cPopMI1paaeM IIOJIHTHQ­xe aajennaue. JLa 6n ce CTBOpHO jeztan naport xao MU - epyiia, He MO)Ke ceOJJ:BOjHTII aKO liMa casio jenay - KyJITYPHY ,LtHMeH3Hjy Ge3HQKY ~MeH3Hjy),

Ben rpe6a JJ:a canpxor, 6o.Jbe penn, M a<}JeKTMBHY.3a eMOllHOHaJIHO noacsaaaa.e JbYJlM, xoja je rrajxemhe OHTHtIKa Ka­

paKTeplICTMKa nneueua II aapozia, jecre uajjenaocrasaaje pexeno: MU ­

zpyiia cynporcraan.eaa MU - zpytiu OCTamIX. Y TOM crrysajy apTIiKYJIHllIe

ce eMOunOHaJIHa ayrououaja nexe MU X zpyue. qHM rrojerunma IIOlIHY zrano MexaHIf3MY eMOUMOHaJIHe peaxnaje ynanajy y MU - upeociuaee xonex­THBa, cranajyhn IIpM TOM (rrpoxyjarry rrpOIIDIOCT xoja je uaj-renihe MIiTono­rusoaaaa If ncnya.ena nerenziaxta 0 HeKOMe MJIIi Hel.J:eMY) Ca)l;aIIIIhOCT H 6y­zryhaocr, noncehajyha ce tra MpTBe nperxe Ii yxasyjyhn na )l(HBe IIOTOMKe,HHJJ:IfBII,nye, rpyrre M nnanape, HMaMO MU - zpyiie. Oryzra, npananaanrrao jenazcna O):lJIIIKa MU - zpyue H.JllI napona.

Y 6nTIl, eMOI(MOHaJIHY ,llI1MeH3Mjy HapOJJ;a, no Anexcaanpy MOJIHa-py, epopMHpajy .rpa COIJ;MOJIOIllKe napazmrae, H TO:

1. II03HaHHK - crpanau,

2. npnjaren, - neupajaren.,3. )106pOTBOp - 3JIOTBOp.ITpBy COQMOJIOiliKY napanarsry qJ1He ,L{Ba xoucraryrasna enesreara:

rr03HaHCTBO (rpajna IIpMCyrnOCT - IIpMM. H. B.), rne je HeKO zranac 1)' a cy­rpa HHje. "CBojCTBa II03HaHHKa (aacynpor crpanny), nozryure MO)Ke 6IITH,nOBOJbaH OCHOB )::{a HH3 JbYJlH CBpCTa Y jeznry H)::{eHTIITeTCKM 3aOKpY)KeHYMM - rpyrry, ana KO)l IhMX He MOJKe rrpOH3BeCTH II03HmBHe eMOUHJe, KOJe

he 6nTII TOJIIiIKO I1HTeH3HBHe M yjeztaa-reae zta 6M MOrJIe jOIlI .n;O)laTHO HM-

12 BHJlIf: M. Be6ep, Ilpuepeoa u opytuiileo, Ilpocaera, Eeorpa.ll1976.

180 I-IcHa;l Bacn11

uperunparu rpyuun HueHTHTeT., KaO urro Je CBOJCTBCBO I1JleMcHy 11Jll1 I-IapO­

rry. 11aKo n03HaI-ICTBO y CBaKOlVI CJIy1.Iajy OJIaKIllaBa pasyvcaan,e rvreljy Jb~Y­

llJ1J\la, OI-fO He ]\'10)I(e na rrOfIYIIl1 uco XOpJ130IIT ~le1jYJhy,LI,CKHX ozuroca 11 ne

l\10/KC lla IIOTI1CHe CTIo3Hajy ,L{a 01-10 WTO je I1031-laTO ivl0)KC 6HTII H HenpI1XBa­

T ..:"bHBO... "13

H3 fI03HalICTBa casnaje ce npHjaTeJl>CTBO, a on crpanua cc npann I-IC­

upnjarc.r., TIo3HaHllK ue BOJIH (euouaja - 11pHl'vL H. B.) crpauua, a npuja­

TC.lO je rrpOTI1B treupujarersa, r,ne jenuo TaKBO KOI-I¢JIHKTHO nOJII1TI1lfKO no­

.,Tbe cTBapa OeJIHUHCTHl.lKO cran.c - paT (cyxof pa3.JIHQHTOr HHTeH3HTeTa), a

C npyre crpane TaKBO jenno HCI10JI¥ITHqKO~ rrpcTIIo.JII1THI..(KO H nenpyurrue­HO - npupoziuo cran.e I11\IIIJIHIlHpa, X06COBCKM pc-tcno, nula belum contraomnes .. rnc homo hornini lupus est. KOI-ICTI1TYHCaI-be nauuje 113 OBe nep­CfTCKTHBC 113I1CKyje rrOJII1TI1QKO X01\JOrCIIH30Balbe uapozia, "OBO cran-e 6op­6c (para) jecre conditio sine qua non uocrojan.a ucnpnjarcn,a, nenpajaren,je condition sine qua non nocrojan.a sohe, nOK je soha condition sine quanon nocrojau.a erun-nce xonorennaaunje.vu Y paTHOl\l CTaI-bY yBCK H11aHajBI111IC BHCOKOKOI-HpflHKTHo1' IIoTe11UI1jaJIa, I1 y Tlll\1 zrpyurreava YBCK

I1MarvIO TeH3Hje, ITCCTaOI1JII-IOCTH, BCOMa ]\11-101'0 napanpaunux Ivl0t\1CI-IaTa Ii

crrryaunja, JII1QHY II Iil\10BI11-ICKY nccnrypnocr, mTO CBe ~10)l(e peryrrrnparuMaI-II1XeHCTI1LIKO~'InOJl:eJIOM I1a [(00_PO II 3.,110. "Y T01\1 pary ce CBaKI1 no6po­TBOp ocnofiaha OJ! on:1'OBOpI-IOCTI1 aa CBe IIITO qI1IIH 3JIOTBOpHl\la, jcp on jen­HOCTaBHO acnyn.ana CBOj sanarax - 'Yl-II111ITaBaILe 11I1cTPcOJbaBaI-be' 3JIa ca

JIMua 3ervIaJbCKOI', KaKO 611 I-laCTyT1l11JIa yT011I1j a BJIanaBl1I-Ie -rncror- no-

13 MOJIHap, HaB. newl~ 9.14 Mormap, BaB. rteno, 16. KapJI IlIMHT je onHOC rrpnjarert-nenpnjarcn. yseo xao

cncuudnt-mo 110TIHTHQKO Pa3JlHKOBalhc. "CrrcuHqnlQHO IIOJIHTHqKO pa3JIHKOBalbc na KOjC

ce Mory CBeCTH IIO.TIHTJ-ItIKC pazm,e H ~10THBH jecre Pa3JlHKOBaH>C iipujaiuen.a II neiipujaiue­n.a:' C. Schmitt, Pojam politickoga, Tpehn nporpaxr Panno-Eeorpana. Eeorpart, 6p. 102111-1995. crp. 40. Kana ce nxrajy Y¢oKycy cPH:IOcocPcKa. HIlCOJIOlliKa H rrOTIHTHqKa CXB3TaEha

rpannunouanne 1vteTatPH3MtIKe onosunnje H3J\IC1)y npnjaren.a H uerrpnjarcrr.a ca acrrexra

HIITcprrpeTaTHBHe n03I1UHje Kapna lIlMHTa H )l(aKa )lepHne, BI1~1H. II. Eojarurh, Ilpuja­iue./b-l-ieLipujaiIle.fb - Kapn Llluuit: u )/(aKfJepuiJa, CBeToBH" HOBH Can, 7-200. Kana cy yIIMTa.I-bY 110.JIllTHKe npHjaTeJ1>CTBa, sa )l{aKa ~epH.Zl:y cy Ba)KHe KBaHTHqHIKaUHjc nojenrma-r­

HOCTli. KOjC cy yscx 6M.;Ie jeznre on rrOJHiTHllKHX lIHMeH3Hja npnjaren.crsa.•,He~1a .Je~lo­

xparuje 6e3 nonrronau.a rrojc;UiHa1.JHOCTH, 02J,IlOCHO HeCBO;:UIBC npyrocrn, 3w7JH neva ~le~'fO­

xparnje HM 6C3 'sajenaaue npnjarcn.a' (koina ta philon), 6e3 pa-rynan.a nehnue. 6e3 cyoje­xara xojn ce xroryIUleHTHcPHKoBaTH~ cTa6J-LTH30BaTH, npencranarn, IT KOjH cy jennaxn Me­

~y C060M.'~ 1. Derrida, Politike prijateljstva, Beogradski krug, Beograd 2001, 55.

ETHlIqKe 3aje,IJ,HHQe Ii eTHlflIKI1 KOHq>nHKTH na Kocony 11Meroxaja 181

6pa."15 To je y uajxpahcsr OHO nrro Yrromrra-ncoj cPIITIOCO¢MjI111 COUMOJIO­

rujn, HajyoIIIIITeHHje, xapaxrepnme eMOUMOHaJIHy llI1MeH3Hjy napona.

E) Kyniuypua ouuensuja napooa

Kana ce Ml'vla CrpllKTH'O y <POKycy KyJlTYpHa !lI1l\teH3Rja napona, jenanon HajBa)f(HI1jIix enexrenara Ii O,lUIHKa «oje cy KOHCTMTYRCaJIe napozte y He­xa naana apexrerra jecre ynpaso je311K. CaM epeHOMeH je3I1Ka je TaKaB zta no­'raphyje !lBa nporaaype-ma noncrmraja. Jenan ozt n.nx jc onaj KOjM .rerura­pa xa ~llcPepelIIllijaUlljM je311Ka a npyrn onaj xoja l1JIeL\I1pa xa yaaaepsan...uocrn jesmca. Ca TUM IIpHpO.lJ:HlIM rrpouecaera pasaoja jesmca y nsa rroce6­na npasua nacrajy pa3HOpa3HI1 0611UH jesnsa xao II crreUI1epI1QHIl D;HjaJIeK­

TH- rpauaraxe. Kana ce TOMe MaTepnjaJIHO zroztajy If CllM60JIHQKI1 MOMeH­Til, yxn.yxyjyhn eMOUI10HaJIHY 11 KyJITYpHy paean, )106IIja ce onpehenn rro­

nIITllqm sua-raj y crry-rajy erun-ncc KYJITYpe. "Y TOM cnyxajy aKO HapO,L( xaoeTHOC, O~HOCHO ffiHXOB aoha rrOCTaBH: cefia UllJb craaparse concrsenenpacase HTaj IlI1Jh OCTBapM, crsopnhe ce yCJIOBH ,[(a ce cyxofie cazrpzcajn na­pona xao ernoca M napona xao nyxa (Haunje)."16

I1pBH rrp06JIeM MO)lepHe zrpacase y KOHlparrOCTaUHjI1 ua erna-ncy

,n:p)I(aBHy 3aJeAHHUY, xao xoxmaparaann npnvep, OllHOCH ce na -rosexa ynpyurracao« crarycy rpahannna M na H>erOBO HaUI10HaJIHO If)leHrn1JHKo­

aan.e ca HeKOM eTHMqKOM rpynov, KYJITYpOM 11 lpaJUiQHJOM, He sarreeaapy­

jyhn IIpI1 TOl\1 H BepCKl1 HCrrOBe)lHI1 MOMeHaT. Monepno 1peTl1paffie nrrraa,a

Ha~IIOHaJIHOrII eTHHqKOr y nexoj pynanearapaoj <pOPMH COllJIO-¢I1:JIOCOcP­cxor 1I3YQaBaIha II IIOnMTIIqKOr rrpOMHIIIJbaIha jaarsa ce xao nponor KYJITY­pe If npxcaenoruopne nauaje, aJIH 11 na-nnra na xoja cy ce ORYI HCTOpHjCKH

IIOHCTOBeTliJIH liJIH paaztaojana.

Llpyru ueHTpaJIHH npofinev O,lJ;HOCI1 ce ira eTHOC 11 IIOJIHTll1.I:KY naun­jy. L(OK eTHOC HIVla rrpe csera KYJITYpHO oztpehea.e II COUl1jaJIHR nerarteaa­nnjcxa TllTynyC, ,nOTJIe ce IIOJIIfTHYIKa nannja jaan.a xao CKyII 3aje,UHHq}(HXIIOnI1TI1Y.IKllX Bpe,llHOCTII M lll1QHHX rrpencrasa Jhy,nM ua rpahancxoj MaKpO­

zrpynrraenoj If MHKpO,r:{pyliiTBeHoj acropnjcxoj HHCTaHUH, rne cy nomrras­xe nauaje y caMOM TeMe.JhY - ayronovne eTHIIqJ<e aajemrane (y 6Ulli Ma­IhHHe, jep Ben MMajy CBOjy HaUIIOHaJIHY ztpacasy - rrpHM. H. B.), aJI.Ii MM ceMO)Ke ycraanonpaano H MO)::leJII1TeTMQKM npasnarn IIpaBO najumpe ayrono-

15 MOJIHap, HaB. zteno, 18.16 Hero, 23.

I\1Hje (rcptrropnjanne, KyJIrypHC If IIepCOIIaJIfle) ca LleI\10KpaTCKO~'1 IlO~IH­

THtIK01\[ (TIOKaTJH011) CaI\10ynpaBoIV1, I1JH1" OITUBja CI1eUYIjaJflIOr craryca. LLa­uan.e 11 YIKHBalbC TaKBHX npaua KapaKTepI1CTH~HOJC sa xyirrype ca nnypa­JII1CTHQKOl\1 TIOJII1TYIL[KOi\I I1 .rpyunscuov TjJa;lI1UMj Ol\L Ynpaso TaKBa 11][y­

PaJIJ1CTIP-lKa 3ajc;lI-II1Ua jc 11 aJIOar-1CKa eTHI1IJKa sajenuaua I-Ia KOCOBy Ii Me­.roxujn. CB3Ka IIaUHja nopcn UOJIHTHLIKMX C.J1e~~1eHaTaY3J1~ta (1 IIenOJIlfTHLf­

Ke CJIervleHTC H3 cdiepc rpahancxora (UHBHIrHor) ~J:PYiliTBa.

y caapexienovr IIOJII1TI1LIKO~.1 H cOUHjaJIHO~'I C!\IHCJ:ry, l\10/Ke~10 npasu­

TI1 CJIo60!l:Hy pa3JTHKY H3l\-1el)y lleJ\10KpaTCKo-YI-iI1TapI1CTHIIKor KOI-IuenTa 11a­

uuje (nrrp. cDpaI-IuycKa) 11 eTIII111KO-rInyPaJII1CTI1l.lKOr (nnp. y IlJB3:iuaPCKOj).ITpBH «onueur, J;el\'10KpaTcKo-yI-IHTapHCTHIIKrl OllJ[MKyjC ce XOI\!OreHH3aUI1-. .J01\'1 Ii CJIUl\lvlfIaUI1j 01\1 CBI1X f1apTI1K).7JlapH3al\1a~lllTO npaKTl1l.I110 sna LIn .na.ra-

I\10 I1l\falVIO aCI1J\1HJlaTopHY nOJTHTJ1KY Kp03 OTBOpHOCT Y C~H1CJTY .rora zra cyCBB rIpBO cDpaHUY3H na CBe ocrano. Ty 210 nyuor nspaxcaja 110JIa3li npnC1YIT

~ .. .. .uaUHJH xao Je3H4KOJ, KyJITypH.OJ H II0JIHTIP-lKOJ rrpHnaLlJIOCTH, a Ire eTH:YIl.I-

,.. ...KOJ 3aJe;U-IMUI1, TJ. H3JCLU-IaQaBaf-be .np)£(aB..TbaI-fCTBa ca IIpI1rlallHH:WTBO~1 ca-

l\/lOj I-Iaul1jI1. Y LlpyrOl\1 KOHuenTY~ eTHHlIKo-rrJIYpaJ1lICTHqKOrvl~ucrrrpannneUcPa3HC ce uoxrcpa xa CTI-IvlqKOlVI H lIel\10KpaTCKOl\I JlerHTHl\1HTel)' 110JII1­TH4KHX I1HCTHTyUl1ja.. xoje oficsfichyjy jellI-IaKOCT CBI1X CTIIHKYl\1a a na upn

T01\1 Ire nOBOlJ,e y fIHTaE-bC cav H3BOPfIH 11pYIlfUHIl JellI-IaKOCTH .2lp'IKaB:baHa.

n·OJII1TI1QKa mrrcrpaunja 611 ce oryna xror.ra Ha3Ba:rJ1 11 I-IaUI10HaJII-IOl\-Jurrrcrpaunjosr, YTOJIHKO npe urro ce o~BHja ua HI1BOY Jlp)KaBe, OIfTHO cePa3JIJ1KyjyhH KaKO on, perHOI-IaJIHHX aJII1 I1 HallflaUHOI-IaHI-HIX OOJIHKa I1HTC­

rpaunje. OBaKaB HaLII1Il 'rperapan.a I-IaUI1jc, no OBOIv1 npncryny, nspaxcana

.npaBI-1I1QKy (rj. j)rprrCTIlLIKY) uapannrvy 3aK~'b)l1-IHBaIba, I10IIlTO ce TeR ca

acnexra l\;[OnepHe npasue 'rcopnje 11 nOJIHTHqKe npaxce l\10)l(e TBPllHTH na

ce no.r I-raUI1jOl\1 rroztpaayvcsajy caxro npJKaBJhaHH jenne uaunjc (y KOHTeK­

CIY npasue H .ne~10KpaTCKe JlplKaBe), )IOK je I-IaU}IOI-IaJII1TeT MeTO nrro rr. . .

JJ,p){(aBJhaIICTBO cavo Yjeunoj TaKEOj npiKaBIL

TIo npyroxi npHCTYIIY, cuarpa ce na je 6all1 113 npaaue nosarmje ue­xroryhc npOl\II1111JbaTH H auamrsaparu naunjy-uaunja. TIo GBOIVI upncryny,cPeIIOMel:£ naunje ce CXBaTa xao HCIllTO IllTO OCTaBJba no CIpaI~H1 npano, jep

mrjc npannn nojav. Tlpauo nopcn npxcaue He xopccuounnpa Ii He IpeTHpa. .HaUI1JY xao eHTHTeT aa pasnnxy 011 cave IIp)KaBI-Ie 3aJe)];H~Il.{e.

Hanne, npaso ce I\IO)Ke YLfI1HHTI1 upenraeroxr jaane lll'ICKyCHjC 11 JIe­

rrrrur.urrcra, 113 JetIHOr npocror pasnora - 3aTO lliTO ce O,lIl-JOCH na csaxorllpA<aBJbaIIHHa, upe cuera. Hannja, nujaxrcrpamro cynporno TOI\le~ Kalla jc

182 Henan BaCl:lll

ETHH~Ke aajermaue H eTHH'-:IKM KOHepJUIKTH aa Kocony 11Meroxnja 183

epI1nOCOQ!CIill npensrer .n:pyIIITBeHe H: rrOJIHTHl.JKe ynI1TH~ ncxn.y-ryje a prio­ri csaxor KO joj He npnnazta. Hncacrirpaa,c na TOMe zra je HaUI1ja MCTO urroH .np)l(aBJbaHCTBO y jeznroj xronepnoj (npaanoj II .neMOKpaTcKoj) Jlp)I(aBH 80­

L{I1 3aKJby-ncy na ce naunj a HeMO)Ke 'rperuparu xao rrocefiaa epeHOMeH, crre­UIIcPllLIaH II Pa3JIIPIIlT on 're ,n:p)KaBHe saj ennnue.

Harroce, onHOC .np)I(aBe xao TaKBe II jcsuxa je najaaaomja O)J:HOC. OHO

IllTO ca CI1rYPHoIllny If I13BeCHoIllny MO)f(e~10 KOHCTaTOBaTH jecre TO JJ;axyrrrypnn II counjamm nnyparmaav peLle4JI1HMIIIy «omrerrr MonepHe HaUI1­OHaJIHe )lp)KaBe. "HaunOHaJIHe zrpxcaac aare-reae y caapeseeuou JJ:06y I1Ma­jy sa C060l\1 spene najachnx ncxytnen.a, yrcsy-ryjyh« M TOTaJII1TapHOCT, ayfipajan,e Y «pyr caapevennx HaUI10HaJIHHX )l;p)KaBa saxaan.yjy najannreCBOM 'rpa)::lII:QI10HaJII1CTI1qKOM npncryny llI1TaH>HMa ,up)KaBHOCTH 11 HaU:I1-

je.'''17HajYOIIllITeHIiIje ysea, ~fOLJ:epHY HallHOHaJIHY Ll:plKaBY Y 6JiITIf ozmasy-

. . .JY rrOCTOJaIbe )le~IOKpaTeKHXrrOillITH'-IKHX MHCTMryu:I1Ja, npammn BJIanaBH-

He npasa, jenan cny)K6eHH je3HK H llJIypaJIM3aM paana-nrrax IIOJIHTHQKMX,. .

xynrypnnx I1 COUIIJalIHllX rpyrra KOJe ce HaJIa3e ynyrap n.e.Ha xpajy rpe6a HarrpaBHTII jacny ,llMHCTHHKIJJ'ljy 113Me1)y J-lal/UOHM­

HlLX .sian-una - nauuonannociuu, y CMI1CJIY BenMHCKa - MaffiMHCKanauaja na

onpehenoxr IIOJII1TIIQKOM npocropy, II eiuuuje (.nOMHHaHTHe nauaje), xojauajfio.n.e napaacasa LJ:pYlliTBeHY I1LJ:ejy eiuuoca Y CMI1C.rry .n;pyIIITBeHe rpyrrea He cyrrcraauajamror caojcrsa xao ofiencxqa IIJIeMeHa, napona 111111 HaU:H­

je xao TaKBe. Ty, HapaBHO, cnana II eiunuuuiueu: (rrpBo611THO rpyrra fienaua

xoja HeMa HaUIIOHaJIHO rropetcno). H3Pa3 eWHUK Y1101pe6JbaBa ce Y xopny­cy .IJ:pylliTBeHHX nayxa - IIonHTIPIKoj <pHnocOcPnjn, HayUM 0 llOJIHTllUH I1 CO­

llHOJIOrHjH sa xareropnjy JDYJlM KOjI1 ce He CMaTpajy nynonpasmea xnano­BMMa nOKaJIHOr LJ:PYlliTBa. Y TIfM cny-rajcsmta emHul1ufUeiIi ce noacroaehy­je ca HQl/UOl-lMUiUefUoM. ETHH:QI1TeT Ycxnony LlpYUI'TBa crsapajy XlPyIIITBe-He rpyrre xoje cy npere-re HaCTaHKa HallMOHaJIHe .np)l(aBe. Kao IIITO MO)l(eMO

3aKJbYQHTH, H3pa3 etnicity je y ofinacrn ztpynrraenax nayxa Cpe,IUfIlIH>H IIO­

jaxr. "L{oMaIIIaj Tor nojna na nonpynjy LlpymTBeHHX nayxa, xao Hpacrrpa­Be KOJe OH I13a3HBa, YBeJII1KO npcaasanasa eTHMqKR npeznter If nonpnnocapeBI13I1jM npehaunsnx uapannrsnr, HapOQHTO OHHX y OKBHpy .reopnja MO­

)J;epHH3aUMje, xoje cy 3aCHOBaHe ua roraca-nroj 'uI1XOTOMH:jH Gemein-

17,lJ;. CI1MeyHoBHh, 0 naciiuutxy U ocoiieuociuuua noeux HQ14UOI-lMH.UX opocaeaHJlH imperium paternale in tera incognita, ApXHB sa npasne Ii npyIIITBeHe nayxe, Eeorpazt,6p. 2/1993, CTp. 308.

184

schaft/Gcscllschaft I1 HI13Y On03HUIIja xoje OBO IlI1TaI-be TIOJIpa3Yf\,leBa H3Me­

hy eepeKTI1BHOCTH II paIJJIOHaJIHOCTH~ napraxynapaana H YHHBCP3a.JIH3l\la,113t\le1)y ascription 11 achievement. ~~lg

'yT 3aK:b~yqf{Ol\1 npoceuey K.;1J)"l{Hl1X pe'lrn 11 ;rpYlllTBeHJ1X 113pa3a (xare­ropnja) He 11Je6a saofinhn Ii eTHOlJ,CIITpM3aI\1 xao IlOBI1jU cPeHO~leI-I yT caspe­IVleHH:t\l, uapo-nrro y 110CTKOl\1YI-fHCTHqKHIVI .llp/KaBal\-1a II IJJ1HHJIHI1J'vl (rpahan­CKJ1l\'1) npyurranua, KOjH CC OLIHOCH ua BJlaCTI1TO ytiehcn.e na cy o6HLlajM

concrsenor uapozia uajupcnunjn H 113BaHpenIII1. a oOyrqajH npyrux H IIO).l­

pehcunx l\,tafbe Bpep;HI1. 'l~ETl-IOUCHTpH3al\1 je OOJH1K CBeCTII H no flawalba(vfI-Illl'IBHuyarII-fl1 11 rpyrnrn) KojHl\1 ce upenarnanrasajy. na Ii ancorryrnayjyOCOOHHe 11 BpelU-IOCTH jezurc eTl-IJ;p-IKC I1JU1 CJlrrQI-Ie zrpyurraeue rpyne y OL{­

I-IOCy ua CBe zipyrc ozrrouapajyhc rpyuaunje I1J111 3ajc,rU-II1UC. Y ernouen­TPI1QKOJ CBeCTH 11 npencranaxta, COfICTBeIII1 napou CTaBJba ce He caxro y cpe­

;J:IifiliTe aeh H na BpX cscyxynnc TaOJIHUe zipyurrueuax BPCJJ.I-IOCTl't xao II sa

yrropcljnaau,e ca Llp)rrHfvI rpynasra 11 aajcnuuuaxra, IIITO ce sauptuana I1CTH­

uaf-belVI flpe;:U-IOCTI1 11 HaLl,l\10hH COIICTBeIIC y O;lHOC)J na zipyre eTHJtPIKe CKy­I1HI-Ie, "~19

:tY10JKCrvIO CJI060)lHO pehu ;:ra cy T-IaIU10I-IarIII3a]VI II errrorreurpmacr

¢opt\.faJIHO 11 CY_lliTI1HCKI1 oOCw1I e /KI1JII! xpaj enoxe XX sexa. ~l Be3H ca eTHO­

ueHTpI13~10j\II"l ca acnexra canpexieue nOJII1TI1 t -IKe epHJIOcoepI1je~ nayxe 0 110~

JIMTHUH 11 COUI10JIOrl1jc, ncoxra je BaiKaH HaJIa3 11 'rapljcu,e Enrortn r""I1)leI-I­

ca. "COUI10JI0311 3aTO nacrojc na IllTO je xroryhe smue I136eraBajy eT:HOUCH­

Tp_H3aI\-1~ KOjl1 sua-ra npocyhnsan,e .ipyrux xyrrrypa Kp03 nopeheu.e ca CBO­

jox: cOIIcTBeHO-rVl."20 To H36eraBalne upoyspoxosano je TI1l\l npe, (00­

urre )rI03I-IaTHl\-1 paanoroxt, 33.1'0 IllTO .Joynl'I KOjl1 xien.ajy cpennne (Ba'IKH sa

H36erJIHue H HIITepHO pace.sena JIHua, ITa -tarc 11 jJ,OCCJhCIIHKe - upnsr. H. B.)TCiliKO HJIH nnxana ue npuxsarc )];pyry CpC.LJ.I1I-IY 11 uneje 're cpezuure. Jezi­HOl\1 pcnjy ~ ozrpchcuu noje;.1;I1I-IUH ce nmcana ue YKJIOfle II pemrrerpnury yIIOBy zipyurnseuy. rrO.,TII1TIIQl\.'Y H CTI-IO-KYJrrypI-fy cpeimny, npuxaarajyhnnncje H nocrojehy ,Llorvu1I-IaI-ITHy ¢HJIOCOepMjy' )f(HBOTHe cpeaune.

Y caapcxienoj IIOTIHTI1l.fKOj epn.nOCO¢I1jH nua cy H3BeCI-Ia ~eHOr"leI-Ia

uaunouanaana: a) eTHOHaIJJloHa.rIl13al'v1 H 6) eTHH4KH lIaI1HOHaJIll3arvL TaKO-

If-; Ph. Poutignat - 1. Streiff - Fenart, Teorije 0 etnicitetu, Biblioteka XX vek, Beo­grad 1997, 29.

19 ~\1. Marnh, Eiunoueuiicpusau. EI-UU-IK.;lone'::U{ja IIOJIHTI{liKe xyrrrypc, CanpcvcaaaLl1niHHCTpaIII1ja~ Eeorpazt 1993, 310.

20 A. Gidens, Sociologija. CID. Podgorica 1998.,31.

he, lI3BeCHO je TO na H3 eTHOHaUliOHaJIll3Ma rrpOII311na3M n rtpoacraxe er­HHqKH HaUIIOHaJIH3aM. 3a eTHIIqKll HaUliOHaJIll3aM TIlIIHllHO je M xaparcre­PRCTllqJfO TO na 113pa)J(aBa nepstanerrnry TeH,UeHUHJY na noaaporm.aua na­unjy. HCTO TaKo, npyrnv pexnraa, eTHI1Qru HaUMOHaJIRCTa npasa Pa3JIMKy

H3Me~y napozta (y CMHCJIy eTHIIqKe BenIIHe - rrpHM. H. B. ) II MaIhIIHe y He­KOM ,IlPYIIITBY. OHO mTO je Ba)KHO HCTaKHyrn xao IIoce6HoCT xana cy y I1H­TaIny napoznre (eTHM1IKe) MaIhMHe jecrc TO na ax je TelJlKO aCHMHJIOBaTM

(rOTOBO nexioryhe - nonyr KOCOBCKMX Anfianana), Te ce llJII1 M3JIa)J(}' ,L{HC­KpHMHHaU:HjH (rana rOBopIIMO 0 HaUIIOHaJII13MY eTHHqKe nehnne), RJIH cenax IIOByKy 113j asnor npynrrnenor (II30JIaUHja) 11 IIOJIMTIIqKOr )£(MBOTa (6oj­KOT). CBH OBM H3JIO)l(eHII zrpynrraena H rrOJIHTHqIGI npoueca, y qHjOj cy cy­IlITI1HH IIOJIRTIIqIGf OJlHOCM, Y Je)lHOM KpHTIIqHOM 'rpeayrxy npno qeCTO

npepacrajy y OTBopeHH 3aXTeB aa ceuecajy. Tana I1MaMO zrpyurrseaa H rro­JIHTHqKll cnyxaj II cyO"4:aBaMO ce ca HaUHOHaJIH3MOM eTHHqJ<e MaffiMHe KO­

ja HIMa I1HTepeC ,[{a npesnana Taj HerrpHXBaTJhHB JlpyIIITBeHH, ycraanorrpaa­Hlf II IIonHTIIqKH craryc, xoja najc sanoaorsaaajyhn, acPHpMaTHBaH R n03M­THBaH. "t:{aHalliffiM eTHWIIili HaUHOHa.Jlli3aM je 06JIMK KOMYHHTapHe IIOJIM­

TIIKe KOjII je OTBopeHO Cyl1pOTCTaBJheH Jrn6epaJIHO ~eMOKpaTCKHMnojsro­

BMMa MHJlHBIif.n:YaJIHMX npasa."21

ETHHqm HaUlIOHamI3aM y xpajn.oj HHCTaHUH MO)I(e ztarse ,na pe3yJI­.rapa eTHlifllfl3MOM, qflja Moryna ncxozunura oner srory 6MTH IIIOBHHM3aM,

cPaIIIH3aM II narmsai«.

3. ,lletjluHHUHoHO onpehen,e nauaje H HanHOHaJIH3Ma

Kao urro ce 113 nperxozmor pasxrarparsa MO)f(e 3aKJbyqHTII, nsa uen­

TPaJIHa nojva 1I3 KOjRX cy M3Be):{eHe crpy-nre xareropajc y 06naCTH zrpy­IIlTBeHI1X rrayxa, a xoja YBeJIlfKO ofienescaaajy TeMaTIIKy eTHHl.JKOr 11: npo­6neM Me~yeTHHqHOCTM,jecynaunja 11 HaUJIOHa.Jlli3aM. ITo MHoro qeMy, ona

nsa rrojua Me~yco6HO xopcnnpajy ana cy 'raxohe y Meljyco6Hoj ~PYI1ITBe­

HOj H norrarmncoj HHTepaKuIIjI1. MeljYTIlM, y 6Rm, najeehn npofinev je O.Il­

pe,mITII H M3a6paTR -nrras cxyn encsrenara KOjM xapaxrepanry, onncyjy H

):(e<pI1HllIIIy jenny uaunjy If (ermrsxn) HaUHOHa.JIIi3aM. CaMHM TIiMe rrpo­6neM IIOJIHTMKOJIOIllKe II COlllfOJIOllIKe .n;ecPMHHcaHocrn OBMX zraejy xarero-

21 H. Ilannrh, Hauuja U liQ14UOJ-LMU3aJW, EH[(HKJIOne;:lIija nOJIHTHtIKe KYJITYpe, Eeo­rpazr 1993, 705.

186 -_.~-~----_._-------~---

pnja jc CBe CJ10JKer-IHju 11 y IIOji\lOBHOj paBHH upaxru-iue uepucnuujc, 33

CTPyL{HO pasvxicuau.c cae ucjacrrnjn If BHLlJCCi\l11c:rreHHju, OTY:1ZL sa.ipacahc­1\10 cc car.io ua OHHl\1 caapcuennv TY!\-1aLIeILH~IaKOJ8. cy ca acuekra onor Ha~

y-uror pa.ia uajnpnxnar.t.aeuja 11 ua uajoo.t.n rra"HHf~ CT\la'I1J8.T\10& o.rpaacasa-• & ••

J).r Cai\IY cyurruuy CTBapM~ '1J. JpYU.1Tl3eHY xrarcpnjy uaUIiJC I11TaUMOH3JU.131\1:1

a na upn TOI\'1 l-Ie YJ1a311I\IO y. unrpu HCTOPHJCKH mrrepuperauusuu KOlfTCKCT

)"3 nparche QH1,JIOcoepCKe uapnjaunje ua Te~\lY.

113 xrnorofipojuor upoce.ica ;J,e¢Hf1111~HOHi1Xo.rpchcu.a, H8BC'whcT\lO

ua Cal\10~I lIo4eTKY IIeKOJIHKO IlO~iB1TI1KO.JIOIl.lKHXH COUHOJIOlliKHX e.rcxreua­

ra KOjH ce TJtP-IY naunjc. Haunjy 611('1\10 1\'10fJlf1 .~cqn'H·nlcaTH xao: ~,}'ICTOPIIj­

CKHI\J paauojev rljJHIlpCI\1JbeIIH II caupeucuoxi .lpyLuTBeI-IOIVI llO.J.CJI01\-1 pa.ia

(pOOliOHOBlfaUOI\l IlpHBpCIIOi\'l) Y'CJIOB~-helnI cneUlfcPIP1HB 06JiHK .rpajuc• • ., I>-

.i.y.icxe 3aJcrU1J1ue Y KOJOJ ce na umpexi .zrPYliJTBCHOT\[ T1~:IaHY OCTBapYJel-IyJKHH CTelICH KOI\fIlJICKCHC CKoHO~rCKe., flO]lI1THQKC 11 «yrrrypne I1I-ITerpa..,uuje .ipyurrnenor jKl1BOTa - CBJ1X npouecu IbcrOBC pcnpouyxnujc.">'

no fIaUIHl1y, xao lllTO CC H3 OBC ..1C(i)HI-IHuuje I\,rOjKe KO}jCTaTOBaTl-i~

ueurpanna HI-rreITUI1Ja ce eras.sa IIa xoxnutekc eKOHO~vlCKOI\ IIOJIHTlfi·fKOr 11

«yrrrypuor rurrerpncan.a .tpyurrueuor /KHBOTa. 3a pa3J1HKY OJ: n.cra. EIlTO­

I-Hi C!\1I1T, n03HaTH II npmuarn DPYUlTBCIl}I .rcopernvap uauuje H HaUI10B.a­

JIH3~la~ nOCTaBllO je nuran,e KaKO nacrajy 11. KaKO ce 06JIHKyjy uaunje...Kao". • 60 •

H~IeHOBaHa .,":LyncKa nouynaunja KOJa nocc.iyje HCTOPHJCKy TepHTOp[1JY~33-jC!II-{YIL-IKe l\-I11TOBC II ucropujcxa cchan.a. ~laCOBI-IYjasny xynrypy, 3ajCllHI1l.J-

. .KY CKOllOl\IIIJY IT 3aJe,JJII1LfKa 3aKOliCKa upana If .J)l)KHOCTI1 sa CBC npHna;JHI1-

. . .icc, rr3UHJa npencrae.t,a Bl1UJenHlYrefI3110flaJIlI"VI 110Ja.l'.1 LIHJn: nam CT3H,J.ap.ll11J1H «pu'rcpnjyra KOHKpeTHl1 npnnep« noupacauajy y paantrraroj i\ICpH.~~2J

Hajoon.c ,aeqnIIII1UI101IO onpeheu.c uaunje y nomrnuconouncov, COUI10;IO­

IllKOI\I~ ¢lIJIOCOepCKOI\1 [1 aHTpOnOJIOUlKOIVl nOrJIC.llY' nao j e EeHCLU1KT Auaep­Cal-I. TIo ~vlHIIl ....seu.y AI-I21epCOHa, uaunja je ,,3al'vH1111~~helfaIIOJ111TH"4Ka 3ajC;:I~

nnua, H TO 3arvuIIlJJbeI-Ia KaO HCTOBpe~leHO HllXCI)eHTIIO orpatH'P-ICH3 Ii CyBC­

pCIla'''.24

l13 OBOr llecPHHI1U110HOr onpehcu.a naunje RaO 3aI\1I1illJbeIIC nOJIHTHl..I­

KC sajcnunuc, JIOrHQIIO je 1'1 Ol.IeKMBaHO nocrannru c.renehc rIHT3EbC: 3aWTO je

TO 3a1\1J1llJJbeHa a He ncxaxsa npyra ,npywTBella 1'1 flOJ1l111f'--{Ka nojana?' HaOBO~ OBaKO epopl\rYJII1CafIO 11 IJOCTaB~beHO npouparuo nnrau,e, ynpaso H:aj6o-

22 ITarUHl1. Han. zreno, 705.23 A. D. Smith, Naciona lni identitet, Biblioteka ~X vek, Beograd] 998 ~ 73.24 B. Anderson. Nacija: zumisljena zajednica. Plato, Beograd 1998. 17.

ETHWtIKe sajenaane If eTIUIQKH KOHepJIMKTH na Kocony H Meroxnjn 187

JbM ozuosop LJ:aje caxr AH.n;epCOH. ,,3a./WUUI.lbeHa je 3aTO IllTO npHIIa;:J:HIIQM qaK

If HajMaIhe uaunje HMKa;::r: nehe yuosaara sehnny npynrx npHnaLJ;HI1Ka csojeHaUJIJe, rra qaK HI1 ~TH 0 IhHMa, HO nrrax y l\111CJIMMa CBaKOr OLl fbHX 'lKJiIBH

CJIHKa IhHXOBor 3ajeLJ;HHIIITBa."25 AHJl:epCOHOBO rrOJlliTIIqKO M COUHjaJIHO no­JIa3HllITe je Jl:a cy cPopMMpalne nannje (nation nees) 11 nauaonannaasa - KYJI­

TYpHe TBopeBHHe. Hannja 11 HaUHOHaJIM3aM HMCy 6HJIO KaKBe KyJITYpHe TBO­

peBI1He, Ben xyirrypne TBopeBHHe nocefiae spcre. TIPH TOMe, nauaja xao crre­UMepHQHa xyrrryprra TBOpeBHHa HI1je tlpYIIlTBeHH 11 rronaru-nca upofinexr ITO

ce6w H sa ce6e. Crora, ca acrrexra oaora nay-nror pana H narepnpcraraaaor. .KOHTeKCTa BeOMaJe yrIYTaH fIOJlliTI1KOJIOIlIKI1, IICTOPI1]CKM H CHQ110nOIlIIGI na-

JI33 EpMKa Xoficfiaaa. "YKpaTKo, lf3 aI-IaJIMTIIQKl1X pasnora, IlaUI10HaJII13aMnOJIa3H npe naunje. Haunje He crnapajy npacane If HallMOllaJII13aM, Ben o6p­HyrO."26 HMajyhI1 Y BUllY osaj Xo6c6aMOBI10rrHTI1KOJIOIlIKI1, HCTOpl1jCKH 11

COUMOJIOIIIKJI HaJIa3, OCBpHIiMO ce HaKpaTKO H na u.eros nporrparan KOMeI-I­

Tap, arm H cPMllOCOepCKY aapnjanajy IIa TeMY 3aMMIIIJberre sajenaaue. "HaUI1­

OHaJIH3aM Ma KaKO MonaIf y craaparsy ocehaa.a )l(HBOTa y '3aMHII.IJheHoj 3a­jenHMIJJI~ HI1je HJilIlITa 6e3 crsapan.a 'aaunja - JJ:p)I(aBa' M CBeTa TaKBHX Jlp)KaBaKOjIf oztrosapajy CaJlaI1IH>llM eTHO-je3:YPIKMM KpIITepHjYMID\Jla HaUI10HaJIHO­

CTI1. To )lallaC, Me1)yrnM, rmje ll3BOllJbHBO."27 Ilpofineer ca HaUHjoM xao xyn­'ryprrov TBOpeBHHoM jasn.a ce TeK Kana ce KO,UWIaJ(llX (najseurhe MaIbMH­

CKllX - je3lfQKMX~ erna-norx If KYITrypHl1X) rpyna xao KymyPHI1X TBOpeBMHa

rrojaBM HaUHOHa.Jlli3aM Kp03 HaQI10I-HUIl1CmQIill CeHTIIMeHT y snny (xerexio-

25 Anderson, op. cit., 17.26 Eric 1. Hobsbawm, Naeije i nacionalizam od 1780, cPRJUII1 BHllIH>IIU, Eeorpazr

1996, 17. HCTor je MHII1JI>elha II Epnccr Tennep. "HaIJ,HOHaJIH3aMje raj I<OjH crsapa Ha[(H­

je, a HHje 06pHyTO." E. Gellner, Nacije i nacionalizam, MaTIIua cpncxa, HOBM Can 1997,83. BH)lH II: E. Gellner, Nationalism and High Cultures, in: Edited by John Hutchinson andAnthony D. Smith, Nationalism, Oxford University Press, Oxford - New York, p. 63-70.

27 Hobsbawm, op. cit., 200. Kpajesr 90-THX rOtUHHa XX sexa nobeaa je jenaa BpJIO3aHHMJbUBa nay-rna nefiara H3Me~yEHTOHlf CMHTa ca jenne crpane II EpHKa Xo6c6avra H

Benezmxra Annepcona c npyre crpane na revy yrrore axrepa nacnpav crpyxrype y ztpy­IlITBy no TIHTalbY aannje If HaUHOHaJIR3~1a.Y Toj naysnoj ne6aTM EPJlK Xo6c6aM II Eeae­)lHKT Aanepcoa cy 6RJIH na crpyanosr CTaHOBIHllTY zra je yrrora axrepa no TOM TIHTaIhY

snasajaaja on tlPYIIITBeHHx crpyxrypa. Hacynpor H>HMa, EHTOHH CMHT je csrarpao nanerrrpamry ynory y TOMe RMajy HaCJIe~eRe crpyxrype npyurrsa. BII):(H 0 TOMe: AJIeKCaH­

npa Cajn, .Hauuja: U3MUUUbel-la, 3aMUUUbeHa, pexouciupyucaua?" -Flo liuiilaJ-by CMUUlO­

Be xpuiuuxe Xoiictiaua u Auoepcona, ROBa cpncxa nOJIHTHG](a J\fHcao, Eeorpan, 6p.3-4/1997, crp. 47-57.

188 Heuaa Bacnh

HIICTHllKor) HalJ,MOHa.JII1CTHKOr rroxpera. Cnarpaao, Hajbo~be COlJ,110JIOWKe 11

l1OJTI1THQKe eJIeMeHTe HaIJ,110HaJIl13Ma, l1MajyhH 'ry y Bl1.IJ,y II caero .IJ,eqmmU-lII­

ono onpehen,e, rrao je EpIrcCT [em-rep, ca ql1Me ce CJIaJKe 11 Harannja Mnhy­HOBHh. "HalJ,IIOHaJIH3aM je npBeHCTBcHO jenan IIOJIIIT11qKl1 npI1I-llJ,11II KOj11

IIOlIpa3yMeBa.IJ,a nOJIIITHQKO 11HalJ,IIOH3.J1HO je.IJ,HHCTBO 'rpc6a.IJ,a 6y.IJ,e xoarpy­eHTHo."28 gaKJle, no Fennepy HaIJ,HOHaJIH3aM diM xao TaKaB npBeHcTBcHO je

nOJ1HTHQKl1 npHHlJ,HII. iVIl1 6e3 063Hpa na TO nrro je IIOJ:lHTHqKl1 npl1HlJ,HII, na611 HalJ,110HaJI113aM 6HO yser, Ha3BaH 11 npenosaar xao TaKaB, OH YHYTap ce6e

TPe6a rta l1CnYHH yCJIOB KOHrpyeHTHOCTlI y nornezry ocraapenor rrOJIHTTIQKOr

H HalJ,HOHaJII-IOr jenaacrsa. Ka.IJ,a ce IIOCTHrHe KOI-IrpyeI-ITI-IOCT, I-IalJ,HOHaJIH­

3aM nObHja jour jenno orienexqe, a TO je CeI-ITHMeHT. To nnje bmIO KaKaB cen­Tl1MeHT, seh HalJ,110HaJIHCTl1QKlI ceHTHMeHT. "HalJ,IIOHaJI113aM xao CeHTHMeHT,

HJIH xao IIoKpeT, MOJKe ce I-Iaj60Jbe neqJl1HHCaTH IIOCpe.IJ,CTBOM onor nPHHlJ,l1­

IIa. HalJ,l1oH<UTI1CTlIQKI1 CeHTI1MeHT je ocehan.e mesa KOjII je H3a3BaH napyura­BaEbeM Tor ttpnmmrta l1JIH oceharse 3a.IJ,OBOJbCTBa xoje je H3a3BaI-I0 EberOBl1M

l1CTIIlJ,aIheM."29

YKOJIl1KO ce "<{OBeKy (HalJ,lIOHaJIl1CTH) napyum n.eros ceHTHMCHT xao. . .

3anOBOobCTBO, y TOM crryxajy, ca acnercra COlJ,lIjaJII-IC I1CI1XOJIOrHje 11 nClIXO-

nornje nOJIlITlIQKOr noaaman,a, nacryna rues tcao IIOCJIe)J,IIlJ,a napymasan,aTor ceHTIIMeHT3.J1HOr npnanana. Kao npaKTIIQHO npynrmeao II nOJIIITl1QKO

IICXO.IJ,lIrnTe - HalJ,HOI-IaJIH3Ma 11 HaIJ,HOHaJIIICTIIQKOr ceHTIIMenTa, KaKO Je ca­CBIIM ncnpasno rrplIMeTHo II 3aK.:nYQHO Tennep, IIMaMO HaUIIOH3.JIHCTHQKH

noxper. "HalJ,IIOH3.JlIICTIIQKl1 noxper je noxper KOjH je rrOCJIe.IJ,lIlJ,a cenrn­J\IeHTa OBe EpCTe. "30 Ha xpajy Tennep ,D,aje R)'MyJIaTIIBHO )J,erPHHlIlJ,IIOI-IO O)J,-

28 Gellner, op. cit., 11. BI1,lUi H: H. Mnhynoanh, Tlpeiuiiociuaexe HaLIUOfICUIU3jHa, y:Hannje, Eeorpazrcxaxpyr, Eeorpan, 6p. 3-4/1996 • 1-211997, cT]J. 109.

29 Gellner, op. cit., 11.30 Gellner, op. cit., 11. C niM Y BC3H cxrarpai« Ta'lHHM cnenehn Ha'Ia3: "Ba)KHO jc

HCTallH zra,OCHM ,llHpeKTHor noncrnnaja H urapea-a HaUHOHa'IH3MaIIITO fa spmajezma HITH

suure nOITHTH'lKl1X napraja (opranasauaja) Har~110Ha'IHCTH'lKOr onpenjen.en,a, aKTHBHO­

CTI1 H zrpyrnx nOITHTI1'lKI1X naprnja (opraaasarmja, nOKpCTa) MOry zta HH,llHpCKTHO zronpn­

HCCy HaUHOHa'IHoj XOMoreHH3aI..\IijH CTaHOBHHIIITBa, xoja - HapOL£I1TO y BHIliCHaUHOHaJI­

HI1Msajemranasra - crsapa rrOBO}1>He yCITOBC sa IIIHpeH>e lIaUllOHa'1l13Ma, noaehasa cnpexr­HOCT cTaHOBHHIliTBa,ua n03HTHBHOO,llrOBOpH xa H3a30Be HaUHOHa'II1CTli'lKC llAeo:rorHje."

It KeUMaHoBHn, MaC06Ha LlCUXoJ1Ozuja Ha1JUOHa;1U3~lW,Bpexre Klbllre, Eeorpa,ll1995, 125.

Focnomm KeUMaHoBHll ce HHjC saztpzcao na OBOM crany, seh ra je nenrro xacanje II pas­

BHO, rrpenmapajyha H KOHl\'}JCTH3yjYllH KJI,y'lHC TC3C. "HaUHoHaJJHCTH'lKH opjenracane

rrOITHTH'lKe naprnje H nOKpeTH ,llHpCI(rHO noncnrry HaUHOHalH3aM. Mel)yTHM, Pa3JIH'lHTe

ETHH'--IKe aajermnne H eTHi-'PIKH KOH£pJIHKTH na Kocony H MeToxHjI1 189

PCl)ClhC IIaUHOI-UlJIH3Ivla. "YKpaTKO'l HaUHOl-IaJIJil3alVI je 'reopnja rrOJTHTI1QKe

Jlerl1THMHOCTI1 xoja 3aXTeBa na eTIIl1qKe rpaunue I-Ie 611 rpefiano na npcce­uajy rIOJII1TI14KC, a HapOl.fHTO TO ua eTI-IHqKe rpannue y OKBHpy llaTe np)l(aBe

- urro je jcnna KOHTHreHTHOCT xojy apI1HUHn CBOjOl\'{ Ofrurr0rvl Ben I1CK:hY-

-ryjc - HC 611 .rpefiano zia paansjajy OBC xojn I1Majy achy rvlon on OCTaJIHX."31

ITo rvB1111JLeI-by Tcnnepa, nauaonanaaaxr 11 I-faUI101-laJIMCTI1 y I1CTl1uaI-hy CBO­

jHX HaUHOHaTJl1CTH4:Kl1X CTaBOBa saxresajy zra uaunonarrue rpannue He no­crauy 11 rrOJIHTI14Ke, a nororosy ue CTHHl.IKe rpannue npzcaue - urro je jezt­

na KOHTHrCHTI-IOCT y norneny ncpaanuajan.a. To ce nororouy OL{HOCI1 uacPeHoMCI-I MOrtH xao npnuapnor npmunnra OI-IMX KOjl1 je BHIlIC I1JIH Mafhe

Hl\18:jy. TIo Ternrcpy, "I1P06JIC~1 HaUHOHaJIH3Ma ce He jann,a Kana He fIOCTO­

ja np)KaBa.'-32 L{pYlliTBCfII1 11 nOJIMTMtIKH IiJ,llCaJIH HaUHOHaJIHCTa Be3aI-IH cysa Llp)KaBY.

4. Ha~IIOHaJIH3al\1 1I3L\tlel)y nOJIHTHQKe aneo.noru]e

II npyurrnenor notcpera

Y l\IYJITI1CTHIIQKI1M zrpzcaaava - fIaUHOHaJIH3a11 M3Mel)y HnH y CBOj-. .

CTBY IIOJII1TJP-lKC I1jleOJIOrIIJc n npyurreenor ITOKpeTa nepacxiunrso je IlOBe-3aH ca nauuonantuiu uoeniuuiueiuos); jep jc no CBOjOj I1pHpOLlH 11 «apaxrc-. . .PY BI111ICJI,HMCH3H:OHaJIaH nojaei KOJM, xao urro Cl\10 H3 npcrxonnor TeopHJ-cxor rrpOIVH1II1Jbalba rrOK33aJII1 H 113 Hay1-IHOr paaerarpan.a ,lIOKa3aJIl1 aJIH 1'1

saxn,yqHJIIl, 11 're KaKO yrryhyje I-Ia je3I1K, cetrraraeure 11 CMM6onHKY. HaUH­

OHaJIH3al\1 jc uajonurrajn, najarpaxmauaja H IIajOf\.laMJbyjyhH H.n:eJ-ITHTeT­

CKll 1\II1T. KP03 I1CTOpI1jy JbYLlCKe xyrrrype If nOBeCT ):{PYII.ITBa~ HaUHOI-lanIf­

CTl1qKC MllTOBe ~IO)f(Cl\'10 naha y BHIlleeMaflaTCKI1M 06JIl1Ul1Ma H 'rparoam-ra.

3a J\tIIITOBC 0 JlaUJilOI-IaJIIIO~1 mteimrrery ramomo je Ii «apaxrepn­CTHqnO TO na ce ~nynI1y I-hI1l\1a rtosnaajy I1JII-I esouapajy ycnoereue ua TepI1­

TOpl1jC TifJIll cnoje nperxe, CJlaBHy parna-ncy enonejy xao KoneKTHBflO ceha­I-bC, a xoje o6114:1f0 H I-IajqCIIIne cucurrajy y TeMCJbe ua Kojl1Ma he rrOLJI1Ba-

aKTHBHOCTM OCTClJ1HX naprnja 11rroxpera Mory raxohe M3a3BaTH CTHOHaUl10HaJIHY xovore­

mnaunjy JbyLIH, urro, nocefiao y BHme-eTHHtIKO BHllIe-Haln10H£L~HHMaajezmauaxra, CTBa­pa ycnone KOjH noronyjy IIojaBI1 H IIIHPCIbY HaU110naJIH3Ma." .n. KeUMaHOBHn, Ilcuxoiio­Jllll71uKa ./up;)/Cfbe, Ilpocscra, Eeorpan 1999, 187-188.

31 Gellner, op. cit., 12.32Gellner, op. cit., 17.

190 Henan Bacah

Tll rraro .upyIIITBO M If3 n.era cPopMHpaHa IIOJIRTI1QKa saj enmrua. Ilojasa na­UIfOHaJIllCTI1"l{KOr MI1TCKOr H.ueHTHTeTa y rrOJIMTIfqKOM )I(HBOry jezraor npy­IIITBa carypaa je 3HaK II rrOllHTl1qKI1 HH)lIIKaTOp HecTa6MllHOCTl1 jennorztpynrrsa II rrOJIHTHqKOr CIfCTeMa zrpzcase, a KOjH ,[{OBO,ZlH, ITO HenI1CaHOM

npaanny, no rrojaae rrOTeHQl1jaJIHe IIJII1 ~aKTIIqKe KOH¢JIIIKTHOCTII aeherHJlH MaIDer I1HTeH3I1TeTa.

HaU;IIOHaJIH3aM je y caxroj caojoj 6I1TlllIpaUIIOHaJIM3aM. H nopen CBe­ra, MI1TOBH cy HIIaK OCHOB eTHMIIKe KOXe3I1je, ITO BoxornapyTannhy. "MHT-. . . .CKll CBI1JeT Je on uenponjen.naor sua-raja KaKO rrpn caMOM nacranxy eTHHq-

KI1X aajerurnua, llCTO TaKO H TOKOM IhHXOBor HCTOpI1jCKOf passoja, 6y,nynH,l];a MHT ocraje xao jenan OLl rrpecyrurax epaKTopa jasan,a ocjehan.a ertramcenpnnamrocra II ynyrap eTHHqKe xoxesnje. KOJIHKO ron eTHHqKY rpyny qH­

He o6jeJU1IheHOM ujcnanoxi: ncroajertrn 061IQajIf, noum.a, je3I1K, aajeztaas­KIf )£(HBOT na acroajcrnon npocropy, sajeznra-txa penarnja, TOJIJiIKO je o6je­znm.yjy11 3aje,lUIHQKI1 MOTIIBI1, 6e3 otisnpa na TO zta JIIf HMajyy CBOjOj OCHO­BH I1CTopMjcKe JIIfqHOCTM II norahaje ll11H nacrajy xao cacnaxr nrrysopue Ka­

.rcropajc".» TaKO je H3BOP cprrcxor HaUMOHaJllI3Ma MllT 0 KOCOBy If trapyJI33apy, nOKcy sa Anfianue TO Cxennepfier If L{apnaHI1ja.

ITo Tanahy, HaUI10HaJIlf3aM 06HQHO IIOqI1Ihe ca yofina-raaaa.ev MH:Ta

o HaUHjH. .J'Ionajupaje ce TO jaarsa y HCTOpl1jCKMM nayxaua, HayUH 0 jesn-.. .

xy, Y KlliI1)KeBHOJ KpHTHIlJ1, eceJIfCTHUM, KIDIf)l(eBHOCTM~eTHOJIOrlIJI1 If rrpo-

yxaaan.y xyrrrypaor HaCJIe~a. Ilpenosnarn.nna HMT OBHX npnax HaUMOHa­

JIllCTIIqKHX mrrepnperanaj a j e y CY)I{aBaIhy BH)lHOr IIOJba ua onrrpo osrelje­

HH HaIU1:0HaJIHI1 LloMeH."34 Y ztananm.e apeve HaUHOHaJIHe 11 HaUHOHaJIH­

CTHQKe MHTCKe rrpencrase IIOBe3aHe cy ca acnaxoztpacaan.ev (imp. npojex­TH: eenuse Cp6uje If eenutceAniiauuje 111111 O,Zl nponeha 2001. npojexar Be­JlUK02 Kocoeaj.

CaMHM THM, HaUHOHaJlli3aM je II IIOJIMTllQKa nneononrja. Haunoua­1II13aM noeraje zrpynrraena 11 IIOillITIIQKa xareropnja xana ce )lOMOrHe Maca

33 E. Tazmh, Einnusoce sajeouuue U Me~yefil/-lul[KU cyxotiu, ~, Flozropmra 1999,137-138. Jenan on najnehnx MHTOBa y HH3Y MHTOBa ROll Cp6a je onaj 0 KOCOBy. ~~TeMaTH­xa KOCOBa, xao II zrpyre TeMe xoje qHHe MaTplIqHY noTKY ernOHaUHOHaJIHCrnQKe MHTOJIO­

rnje, a xoje ce acropajcxa sesyjy sajonr crapnje RJIH saHaMa MHoro 6JIIDRe apexre, HaJIa3ece oxynn.erre y jezmov casaeadjy y lJJIjeM cpeznmrry unje nnjenaa O!llI>HX, Hero je ry HLCe­ja HJIH, KaKO 6H HeKIi epHJI030cPH peKJIM, cPaHTa3aM0 nonarn-rxoj MohR ..." :H. LIOJIOBRn, JIo­

nuiiiutca cuuiiona - Ozneou 0 uonuiuuuxoj aftUlpof1oAozuju, Pazmo ])92,Eeorpan 1997, 16.34 Tanah, HaB. nerro, 139.

ETIUP-lKc aajennnne 11 eTHHlJKH KOH¢JIHKTH HU Kocony VI Meroxnjn 191

H 3aXB3...,TI>yjyhH nCivlar03I1Ma rrorrYJIHcTJtPlKI1 OMaCOBH. "CBaKa je nOJIHTHq­

rca 111leoJIorI1ja ozipehen xroncn P33~IHill;balhaH apennosan.a - npnje caeraIlOJIHTH1.JKI'lX~ aJII1 II OCTaJIHX HCTOpI1jCKux IT canaruu.nx 36HBafba, norahaja,noxpcra, JH1QHOCTI1., Kana ron ca canaum.oxt fIOJIHTHl.JKOl\1 aKuujOM xroryHtVlaTH HeKY~ xiaxap 11 )),aneKy, ncnocpeziouany uesy. CTOra., nOJII1TI111Ka I1Jle­

OJIOrHja yBHjCK uacrojrr .LIa npexopa-nr pyfiose IlOJIHTMKe H TaKO ce npeo­

Gpaba y ujenomrruje 'rystancu.c CBI1jcTa yonurrc."> Oryzra najticcrnjanua­j11 H najexcrpexmaju BHnOBH l\1eljyHauliIOHaJIHHX KOIlcPJIHKara rrOTIP-IY II

pasunjajy ce H3 KOHKypeHTHHX upereusuja IiI Pa3JIH4I1TOr (cynporcraan.e­

HOI') n0I1l\1alba HaUHOHaJlfIOr I1)J,eHTllTeTa. 3a I-IaUI10HaJII13al\·1 t\10)l{eMO pehnira jc lVI0JlepHI1 dienocrcn Ii L(a xao HLICOJIOIliKH noxper unje nocrojao npeXVIII aexa. TIo EHTOHI1 ClVIHTY, I-IaUI10I-IaJlI13aM xao npyurmcny cTpyKTYPYozinnsyjy H JlCTCPl\1IfH}Uny 1pI1 KOHcTHTyTHBHa eneueura: 1. HJleOJIOrHja, 2.j C3I1K II 3. CI1l\16oJIH.

TIo Cl\IH1Y, uexia Hau;JtIOI-IaJII13l\la oe3 IlOJII1THQKe I1,lleOnOfI1je. To jen.cros conditio sine qua non. "HaUlloHaJIM3aM jc, xao nrro cara TBPJJ:I10, nne­OJIOIliKH noxper sa fIOCTH3aI-he I1 onpacasan.e aYTOHoMHje, jernurcrna Ii

HLleIITI1TCTa lIaUHje.'436 CMI1T npaan HlfHU;JtljaJIHy II rrpHHllI1IIHjeJIHy Pa3JIIf­

xy H3Meljy ,L{Ba THna I-Iau::nOHaJII13Ma: a) 'reparopajannor H 6) eTHMQKOr na­UMOHaJII13Ma.

TepHTopHjaJIH:I1 HaUHOlla.JIM3J\1I1 cy MaXOM 6HJIH Be3aHH aa aHTHKO-. .

nOHHJaJIHe rrOnHTI1QKe IIOKpeTe I1 npyiliTBeHe HrneOJIOfHJe, nOK cy eTHMqKH

HaUHOHaJII13MI1 ceneCHOHHCTI1QKI1 11 ,[{lljacIIOpI1QHI1. Cnezrehn osaj rcopnj­CK~ H COllHOJIOlliKH ~IOnejI EHTOIIII ClVIHTa, aa zrpyurrueay H,lleOJIOfHjy aJI­

6aI-ICKOr rrOJII1TIIQKOr IIOKpeTa na KOCOBy l\'10)I(elVIO pehn na je KOM6I1HaUI1­

ja TepHTOpI1janI-IOf IT eTHHQKOr HaUHOHaJIM3l\1a. Y CYllITllHH, C~fIIT HLJ:eHTH-

Qll1Kyje )];Be napnjafine eTHI11IKOr HaUMOHaJIH3Ma, II TO: ,,(a) nOKpeTH rrpefIC3aBHCIIOCTH, C KOHuenTOl\'1 naunje y OCI-IOBH eTHHl.IKIIM H reHeanOUIKHM,

nacrojahe n.a ce oruene 0,1], Bene nOJIIITI1QKe sajcnnane (I1JIH zra ce orueneH oxyne y I-I33HaLJeHoj erua-ncoj ,llOl\10BIIIIJ1) 're L{a HaMeCTO n.e ycnocrase

HOBy rrOJIHTI1 LIy 'eraouaunjy', TO cy ceu;eCHOHI1CTI1"lJKllI1 JlI1jacrrOpHQHH na­

UllOHaJII13MH. (6) I1oKpeTI1 IIOCJIe I-IC3aBI1CHOCTll, C KOHuenTO~1 HaUI1je yocnoan eTHfPIKI1l\1 M reaeanouncau, nacrojahe na ce nponmpe yxrsy-ryjy­hn eTIIHqKe 'cponanxe' Ballcanauru.nx rpannua 'eTHOHaUMje', H3 sescse KO­

je CBIi uacraa.yjy, liJIll nate ofinaxyjy MHOrO sehy 'eTHOHaQMOHaJIHY'

35 Ta;IHn, HaB. neno, 148.36 Smith, op. cit., 120.

192 I-IeH(lJ: BacHn

zipxcauy nyre« o6je;]}IIhaBaI-ha ky.rrypuo 11 eTH.I1QKl1 CJTHtIHl1X CTHOHaUI10­

liaJIHHX )],p)KaBa~ IIlTO cy I1pCL{eHTIICTI1QKH 11 'nan' HaU}IOlIaTI H3fv1I1 ."37 3aTOce HaUI10HaJII13arvl I-Iana311 H3MCl)y npyurrsenor noxpera II nOJIVlTfP-IKe I1)].e­

OJIOrHJe.

5. Erna-nce aajennuue II MeljyeTHHqKH KOH<jlJ1HKTII

ua Kocony II Meroxn]n

Y lICTOpI1jn CBeTa, IIOJIIITHLfKe acrmpaunjc naunja :VI J.lp)KaBa-Haunja

IlCKa3aHH «pos nOJII1TI1QKY, 6M3HHC H HHTCJIeKTyaJlI-Iy eJIM1Y HacTojaJIII cy

na l\-1caajy cratinnpanc Me~YHapo.z:(I-IeJlPYllITBCHe oznroce ca KOHKpeTH01\l1. .naraepor« zia u.uxosc I-IaUI1Je I1l\JaJY IIpHMaT y O)lHOCy 11a uexe npyre HflI1

6ap jcnnaxy n0311.UHjy llJIM 'rpcrttau Y OJIHOCy IIa OCTane. "JeLlaI-I on pasno­ra je H ysepenocr npnuannnxa ozipehennx uaunja na cy 60;hI1 on npnuan­HI1Ka jJ,P)T'HX naunja, a IIOflI1TI1QKa sohcraa qeCTO HCTPyMeHTa.T]]'I3yjy pea.n:­

HO rrocrojehc HaUI10HaJIHC CCHTlifMeHTe y napony ITa je yrrora TaKO ¢OP~l11­

pannx ¢aHaTH30BaHHx HaUHOHaJIH3aMa aeoxra ,llecTPYKTHBHa. Taxo HaCTa­

jy cyrcofin ivlel)y nannjaxra -mja je HajeKC1]Jel\1HJ1ja epopl\la par naunja llJIl1Ll:p)KaBa, a TaKBH KOI-Hp.JlHKTll nOBOLle H,110 IIlOBHHH3aUHje II eKCTpe~IH31Vla."38

KP03 nouajy IIOJnITI1~KY HCTOpI1jy Jyroncro-ma EBpOl1a IiI zrpxcaaa Cpfinjaca KOCOBOl\f H MeTOXHjOl\l, xoje je de facto IIO,U ~lel)YHaponHHM nporexro­paTOM YH, lIapOLIllTO cy 6I1flll orrrepehenn TI1l\le y )]}ljaIIa30Hy on nanno­

HaTIHllX KOHepflHKaTa, parona, nxmepajazurax rrpI1THCaKa 11 yrrmsraryua..Kpajesr oca1VIjJ,eceTI1X rozmua (XX BCKa - npust. H. B.), COIJ;I1jaJIHCTHQKH

CMCTelVl y JyrOCJIaBHjM, xao II y 3elVUbaMa HCTOLIHe I1 UeHrpaJIHC Espone,.llO)!(HBeO j e HCTOpI1jCKJ1 cnoxt, HaKOII -rera je OTilOLICJIO rpalf3I1Ul10fIO, nOCT­

cOIlMjamICTHqKO L(06a. To, IfCTOpHjCKI1 HOBO, npenasno pa3)106Jbe, y KOMe

LlOJIa311 Jj;o pasnaran,a rOTOBO CBllX .uPYllITBeHHx O.lIHOca Ii I-Ia I:bHl\1a 06JIJI­

KOBaHHX llpYIllTBel-IIIX crpyxrypa, 06eJIeJKaBajy T})H OCIIOBHa Jlp)'IIITBeI-Ia

npoueca:- T}JaIIc11opMau,IIja csojnucxnx npYlliTBeH:I1X O,LlHOCa y 11paBUY npH-. ..

BaTI13aUHJe npynrrsene H JaBHe cBoJHHe;

37 Smith, op. cit., 132.38,1J.. JIyKOBHU, KOCOBCKU U3Q306U - OZJ1eO 0 HQLfUOJiGJLU3,MY, KpU3U U uoeyhuw pe­

iuensusta, Cnrnarype, Ecorpazi 2003, 23.

Erun-ixe .saje.unrue H tTI-HFIKH KOH(llJH-JKTH Ed Kocosy H ~v'ieTOX~lJH 193

- uanyurran.e LU1pHroBaI-le~npJKaBHOfTrraHCKC upnspeue ~I aepHp~laUI1-. .Ja Tp)KI111rra H Tp)KHIIlHHX i\1eXaHl'13alvJa pcrynaunje npuapezmor /KHBOTa~

. .- nOJ1I1TIP-IKa fIJrypaJI}13aUHJ3 LlPYIllTBa~ KOJa CC, npe csera, ornena y

3a~JeHJ1 r..'loHonapTHJcKor CHCTCf~Ia ;.:rei\-10KpaTCKHl\'f BHweCTpaHat.IKHl\-I nap.ra­l\ICHTapHH~'1 CYICTCj\10~1, '~3q

OBI1 11 npcrxo.auo I-faBenCHH llpywTBeIIH H nOJIHTl1qK.H upouecn nanpocropy ex-YU y srnoro LIC1'ly cy ~OnpHlIejn1 CBe:VIY TOI\lC. jlpyrI1~1 pe-nt­1\Ia, cue TO jecre yuyrpaum.a 11 CnO.TbHa lIOCJTeD:Hua KOj a je .ioucna "rpa~aH­

CKH par na npOCTOpI1Ivla 6HBllIC JyrOCJIaBI1je~cauxnnje fyIcl)YHapOLJ:HC 3ajcn­HHIlC upeua CPOUjH H UpB:Oj Topu a ayToKpaTCKH pe)KI1l\l KOjl1 je H3 Tora

H3paCTao. ~~40 Y TO BpC1-1e, I-TaKOIf H~lnJ[03Hje KOi\,lYHI13lYla y I1CTOIIHOj EBPO­rIM H CCCP-y, 11 uana f)CpJIHHCKOr 3Hlla 1989. rOJH11IC yx.i.y-ryjylu, H pac­nan Bapurascxor naxra, .iourro jc no Jl0CTK01\IYHHCTHQKOr aaoxpera 11

Tpalf3HUHJe xa H:3rpanrhH xionepnor KanHTaJIHCTHl.{KOr npyurrsa II nnypa­.TIHCTIP-IKe nextoxparnje. "Y CPOlfjl1 jc, I-raKOII H?vII1JI03I'Ije couHjaJIHCTIP-lKOr

CI1CTCl\la, a ycnen para, caHKUJ1Ja 11 xapaxrepa nOJIHTl1 LIKor pe)KHrvla~ rOTOBO

ITO Be6epOB01\1 Moneny asrpahcn HpaUHOlfaJIHH npuepezunr rropeziax 3aCHO­BaH Ha ;Ip)f(aBHO-KOl\laHl.u-Ili1-I~ rpynno-xicuouonckust, pa'rno-npodnrrcp­CKIf~1 H llJnCKYJlaTHBHO-i\lerneTapCKH1\1 CKOIIO,~ICKHl\'1 O)]HOCH~-1a."41 (Be TO

I11vlaJIO Je TeIlIKC 11 urrernc COIJ}iOeKOHOl\ICKe II nOHI1TI1QKe nocneunue aa

naury 3eJ\fJbY H n.eue rpahaue. ,,~1epe 1\-1aKpOeKOHOl\lCKe ilp/KaBHC nOJIHTH­

tee nncy ycxtepaaane ua noncmuan,e frpI1BpeDJ-IOr p33BOJa, Hero cy npesa­CXO,lJ,HO 61IJle oxpenyre o-rynarsy BJIaCTH. Je.IJ,IIOl\I cy uoneuianane l-IHTCpe­

CH1\-1a nOLlpYIIITBJbeI-II1X cerxteuara upnspcnc, npyr'I1 11yT rnacaLIKH1'I LU1Jb­

HH1\1 rpynaeia.. a 'rpeha uyr tnrrepecuxia npl1BaTIIHX ¢HprvIH BJlaCI-II1Ka 113 IIO­

~lelnUIaTYpe J1JIII 6JlI1CKI1X n.oj. P06HH TOKOBI1 Y 3eMJbH~ a nocefino npexiaHHOCT}JaHCTBY~ l\10I-IOnOJIl1caHH. cy 11 ua OCHOBy rora MOI-rOrrOJla~ npexo en-

.. .crexia f-I3B03HO-YB03H11X JJ,03BOJla~ HaJYHOCHI1JH nocnosu ce IIOBepaBaJYnpHBaTHI1l\'1 H.TlJlI' ;J:PYillTBeI{I1~1 upenyaehuxia bJII1CKHI\1 nonrrrn-ncoj HO~Je:H­

K.JIaT)TpI1 HJII1 H3 uoxicnxnarype. TIpHBaTII3auHj a llpYiliTBeHC cuojuue, xoja. .Je npezrycnon sa pa3BOJ paLUI0HaJIHHX TpJKI1liIIIHX OJlfIOCa H onopasax npn-BpeLle~ CTaJlHO ce npo.ronrnpa, a ~I Kalla ce npunr, TO ce qJ1IIM ua HeJIeraJI-

39 M. Ileumh, Ilociiicouujanuciuu-nca iiqrausuuuja u couujanna ciTtp}'Kfu)pa Cpbu­je, TIOIJI1THY:Ke CBeCKe, Eeorpan, 6p. 1/1996, crp. 41.

4C Ileumh, nas. neno, 41.4i Ilenruh, RaB. aeno, 42-43.

194 Herra.r BacHn

HII1VI HHI-I .KBa311'rp)KIIII1HH~1 OCI-IOBaIVla. 3a)],p)KaBar-hC .npyurreene CBOj 111-Ie, .

IfJIH lhCHO upcraapan.e YJaBI-Iy CBOJJ1I-IY OIIpaBJ(aBa ce 3aIIITHTOIVl HHTCpeCa. ..

HaUHOHaJII-fe eKOHOj\U1Je Ii CKOHOl\ICKOr Il0JIO)KaJa paZU-IHX CJIOJCBa CTaHOB-

muurna. rv1efjYTI1IVI~ II03HaTO je !la je ynpauo npxcauno IIHllYKOBaHO;\1 HH­

epJlaUl'IjOI\1 pasopena HaQI10HaJIf-fa upnspcna r! ,lla je rnasuu TepeT CKOH01VI­

cxe KpH3C It CaHKIJ;1fja uajsehuxr ~eJl0I'vI npefianen ua paL(HO CTaHOBHE­

IllTBO. "42 TIopc,II eKOHOMCKe 11 COllI1jaJIHe C1'p3Til<pI1KaUI1je, HCCarJleJJ,HBC IT

icpyuue 110CJIej..{HI-le YTYiU3.ne cy 11 Ira «nacny IIOlleJlY CpIICKor npyumsa.Ilpcxra xuuun.en.y H ervrn.HpI1jcKI1J\I uanasuwa IVIHXaIIJIa Ileunrha, CpIICKO

npYlllTBO CC uoztennrro IIa TpM ccrsierrra. "Ha nrranajyhy eJIHTy xrohnnx J1

OOraTI1X, cacran.seny O,I{ I-IOCMnaua IIOJIliT01.1KC BJlaCTH H ropn.cr c.roja 110­BHX npeayaennnca; OCMpO~IalI1eHY ~1 CTa'I)'CHO 2l.er'pa2JJ1paIIY paZII-:II1I f K)/ 11

CPC)lI-b)' xnacy, H na CBe 6POjffI1jy CKY1111J-IY l\laprl1I-IaJIII30Bar-H1:X JhY)lyI 6e3nocna, CTaJIHHX rrpnxo.aa Ii 6C3 nxaxaor npyurraenor yrne.ra. "43

THMe cc CTBOpHO onacan H BCJll1KH KOHCp.lTJHKTI-IH rtoreuunjan 3a IIp)r­

IIlTBeHO II flOJIHTHlIKO HaCI1Jbe y cpncxoj LJ:p)KaBH II )lPYIllTB)l. ",Llp)?IlITBeHO

uacan,e Je crapo KOJII1KO If Jby.nCKO npyurrso, a IIOJIHTH4KO KOJIHKO 11nOJIH­

THKa."44 C [{pyre CTPaHe~ IlOJIllTI1QKO nacn.sc je yKYOliOCT nojasnnx 06J111­

xa L{1JywTBcHor HaCILba. 2la OHCl\10 illTO 6o..~e H aa.t.annje pa3yMeJIH HOB:VI­

jy nOJl:HTIIqKY HCTOpI1jy o,rII-IOCa eTHJ;P1KHX 3ajcLU-Il1Ua II eTI-IJ11{KI1X KOlicPJI.I1­

xara na KOCOBy I11v1eToxHjII in concreto, sa.ua y uojvounoj paBHH ncpucn-IJ;I1je npeuasnparn II ,naTH JJ,eepHHHUIIOHO onpehen,e nOJII1THTIKOr Ii ;lPY­IIITBeI-IOr HaCHJba. "TIOJIa3cnn 011. Tora lla je CBaKO HaCI-LTLC npaueua CilJIC, II

rrOJIHTli1-fKO HaCH-Tbe ce xao jcziau on IIojaBfII1X OOJIIIKa yxynnor .n:PYlllTBC'". .nor HaCHJba MOJKe IIaJOIIIllTI1Je o.upe,IU1THxao )1I1pCKTfla I1nH mumpcxma -

JlaTCHTHa npaxicna CHJle y crpepu nOJIHTI1Ke IT rro.urm-rxor, O,LU-{OClIO K30

llllpeKTHa IIJIH HfI)lHpeKTI-Ia IIpHMeI-Ia CMJle Hall cscurhy, TCJIOIVl, )KHBOTO~i,

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eHO flpeTIIOCTaBJhCIIOr 110JII1TI1I-IKor npOTIIBIIHKa. Kao JlHI--rat\u,p-IKa npy­urrsena xareropnja IIOJJHTIP-IKO HaCHeJ~e 1-II1je HI1111Ta zipyro no BpCTa ITOJIH­

Typ-IKOr QI1Ha, o,r:U-IOCHO aKTMBHOCTll. ,L:(OK je ztpyurrueno HaCH.Jbe xroryhc03HaQHTH xao cnoj paUHOIlaJIHOr 11 HpaUJIOI-IaJIHOr y neonpchcuoj cpasue­

pu, nOJIHTI1"4:KO uacan,e je Te.JIeOJIOU1Ka JJ:e.JIaTHOCT, OllHOCI-IO aKTI1BHOCT yKOjOj eBeCT, paUI10HanIH1 M01VIeI-IT, 'rpefia na npcrcace rIaL{ npaunouan-

42 MeTO.43 ITcTO~ 43.44 ,II:. CJL\leYHOBI1li~ [JO.1UIT!.UtlKO HaCUJiJe. Par'1HHtIKa nrravrra, Eeorpa.t 1989. 27.

UHl\,L '"4.5 f1a 611C~10 ancxuaruo pasyxiena rrOpeIG10~ npnpony, COllI1j aJIH-y

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rpaaarnau.a xoje je 06aB~J:)eH:O y jyny 1997, rOLiJI1fe, HaI1J\1e~ pan« ce 0 11C­

.rpaaonsau.y eTfIII'-IKIiX ayrocrepeoruna II xcrepocrcpeonma ua KOCOB'Y.

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Cp611 0 Anoanumra l\'11iC-ne :.ra cy C~:XO}i(I-IH~ )la xrpse npyre I-IapOAe, ;xa cy sa­OCTaJlyJ, na cy rpyfin, )J:3 cy apennn... Cp6M .i\.JI6aHUHi\la 11pHTIHCyjy 32~/O 110­

3I1TI1BHHX III 68% I-IeraTHBfli1X ocotiuna. '·47

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45 CH~feYHOBl1h, nan. zteno, 27-28.46 C. Mnxajnonnh, EiuHUllKU ayillociaepeotuuitu U xeiucpociuepeotuuuu JiG Kocoey,

Couno.tornja, Eeorpan, 6p. 3/1998, crp. 417.47 ~v1I1Xaj,~loBH1J.. EaR . .-1eJIO. 421,

196 Henan Rae-ali

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6a MeFbaTH.

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KIIX KOIrepJII1KaTa na KOCOByIi MeTOXI1jIi nOKaJaJIO je na ce pa2.\I1 CMIiHCHT­

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sarra ynJII1T3FbeM KJ1JYlfHIIX UCHTapa Mel)yHapollHe rrOJIHTHlfKC l'vWDI1, KOjl1

je KyJ1MHHHpao HaKOH rrporrannx nperosopa y Parafiyjey, 24 MapTa 1999.roznnre paroxr Ii HATO 6oM6ap,a:oBafheM. Mopanna zrpynrrsena rroyxa 11

rrO"TIHTl1lfKa nozryxa je na Mcl)yeTHHlfKH O.ITHOCl1 OBIIX nsejy eTHHlfKHX sajen­

anna HeMIIHOBHO TPe6a na ce Mcrbajy II IIJJ:Y Y rrpasny Mel)ycTHHlfKor no­

l'vfl1peFba, MyJITIIKYmypaJIHC TOJJepaHUI1jc, eKOHOMCKor pacra, passoja, rrpo­

rpeca II cOUHjaJ1HOr rrpocneprrrera, nsrpann.e Mel)yJ1Jy,a:CKOl, MCl)yBcpcKor

II Mel)yeTHIIlfKor nonepea,a xao II eBpOJ1CKC Haw-raUHOHaJIHC mrrepecne

KOHBeprcHUHje, C UHJbCM aa ce CTHI1lfKO xnmhen,e, IIorpOM 11 eTHMlfKO na­

cnn.e O.ZJ, 17, 18. Ii 19. IVIapTa 2004. roznrne nnxana nmne He rrOHOBE.

ETHIP-IKe sajennaue H eTHl-PIKH I<OHcPJIHKTH na Kocoay H MeTOXI--Dlf 197

Nenad vesic

ETHNIC COMMUNITIES AND ETHNIC CONFLICTS

IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA

In order to understand adequately and illuminate the obscure reality of the society's

post communist transition, political culture, democracy, human and collective rights inctu­

ding the social liberty on Kosovo and Metohija in the circumstances of de facto internati­

onal protectorate of UN, it is necessary to consider the position, structure, nature and cha­

racter at ethnical communities from the point of view of modem political philosophy, politi­

cal science, sociology and anthropology, having in mind the existing interethnic conflicts.

Since we focus on the Kosovo ethnic communities' key study, in this scientific work we

consider, revive the themes of and actualize the complexes of issues, political, social and

interethnic problems directly related to the two dominant ethnic communities - Serbian,

smaller in number, and Albanians, greater ethnic community. An indubitable scientific con..

elusion, morale and political message to the society is that the incidents of March 17th,

18th, and 19th 2004 never occur again.

Key words: Ethnic Communities, Ethnic Conflict, Kosovo and Metohija, International

Protectorate UN, Nation, Population, Nationalism, Ethnic Nationalism, Democracy, Human

and Collective Rights, Reconciliation, Tolerance