estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas españolas a la ley...

8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…

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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb

oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz

bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa

\bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%

ALZB\SIXA\EA HB OI ZBGR\EHIH HB OI EKCA\FIJEÚK




Bhejeúk0 @roea <>>=

Oi ~|bzbkxb ~rloejijeúk ~b|xbkbjb i Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk -EKXBJA% u bzxé lià rkioejbkjei \bjakajefebkxa&Ka jafb|jeio <+2 Bz~iùi hb J|bixesb Jaffakz/ u ~a| booa bzxi ~b|fexeha ja~ei|/ hezx|elre| ujafrkeji| ~ðloejifbkxb bzxi al|i lià oiz jakhejeakbz zegrebkxbz0

• \bjakajefebkxa0 Bo jakxbkeha hb bzxb ekca|fb zb ~rbhb |b~|ahrje| xaxio a ~i|jeiofbkxb ~a| xb|jb|az/ jexikha zr~|ajbhbkjei u mijebkha |bcb|bkjei b}~|bzi xikxa i EKXBJA jafa i zr zexea wbl0 www+ekxbja+bz+ Hejma |bjakajefebkxaka ~ah|é bk kekgðk jiza zrgb|e| yrb EKXBJA ~|bzxi i~aua i hejma xb|jb|a a i~aui bo rza yrb mijb hb zr al|i+

• Rza Ka Jafb|jeio0 Bo fixb|eio a|egekio u oaz x|iliàz hb|esihaz ~rbhbk zb| hezx|elrehaz/ ja~eihaz u b}melehaz febkx|iz zrrza ka xbkgi cekbz jafb|jeiobz+

Io |brxeoepi| a hezx|elre| oi al|i/ xebkb yrb hbì| lebk joi|a oaz xå|fekaz hb oi oejbkjei hb bzxi al|i+ Iogrki hb bzxiz jakhejeakbz~rbhb ka i~oeji|zb ze zb alxebkb bo ~b|feza hb EKXBJA jafa xexroi| hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb irxa|+ Kihi bk bzxi oejbkjeifbkazjili a |bzx|ekgb oaz hb|bjmaz fa|iobz hb EKXBJA+

Xb}xa jaf~obxa hb oi oejbkjei0

mxx~0!!j|bixesbjaffakz+a|g!oejbkzbz!lu&kj!<+2!bz!

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki < hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

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ÆKHEJB

ÆKHEJB+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++: ^RKXAZ JOISB+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3

E +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3 Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

EE ++++++++++++++3 Kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk oi ~ufb

EEE ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++= C|bkaz ~i|i oi iha~jeúk u lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb booi

9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> EKX\AHRJJEÚK U AL@BXESAZ

9+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> ^|bzbkxijeúk

9+9+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk+

9+9+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

9+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++99 Jakxb}xa u a~a|xrkehih hbo bzxrhea

9+: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9: Al`bxesaz hbo bzxrhea

9+8 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++98 Hezbùa fbxahaoúgeja

9+8+9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++92 Bxi~i hb eksbzxegijeúk

9+8+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<9 Bxi~i hb ikéoezez u boila|ijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz

9+8+: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<9 Bzx|rjxr|i hb jakxbkehaz

< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<< ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ

<+9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<< Kbjbzehih hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

<+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<: J|akaoagæi hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk Bz~iùi

<+: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<3 Hb|bjma jaf~i|iha

: <5 ALOEGIJEAKBZ Î\I OIZ ÛFBZ BK FIXB\EI HB ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ

8

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:: KESBO HB IHA^JEÚK HB OI KA\FIXESI ZAL\B OI ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZBK OIZ ÛFBZ

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki : hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




8+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:: I~|a}efijeúk i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb

8+9+9

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++::

Jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

8+9+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:3 Jakajefebkxa hb oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz

8+9+: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:7 B}ezxbkjei hb cejmb|az

8+9+8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8> I~oejijeúk hb ~aoæxejiz hb zbgr|ehih

8+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++89 Jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi segbkxb

8+<+9 ++++++++++++++89 Hbjoi|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+

8+<+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++83 Ekca|fijeúk io ekxb|bziha zal|b oi |bjagehi hb hixaz+

8+<+: +++++++++++++++++87 Jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz+

8+<+8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++85 Jioehih hb oaz hixaz+

8+<+2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2> Jbzeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

8+<+3 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++29 X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz jbhehaz ~a| rk xb|jb|a+

8+<+7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++28 Hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+

8+<+= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++25

Gbzxeúk hbo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz

ekxb|kijeakiobz+

8+<+5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3>

X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih u

~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio+

8+<+9> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++39 Hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih

8+<+99 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3: Fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih

8+<+9< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++58 Cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+

8+: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++53

Jakjebkjeijeúk hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb

hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

8+8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++57

Ekz~bjjeakbz/ hbkrkjeiz u zikjeakbz hb|esihiz hbo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi

ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

2 ++++++++++++++9>> C\BKAZ ^I\I OI IHA^JEÚK U LBKBCEJEAZ HB\ESIHAZ HB BOOI

2+9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>> C|bkaz i oi iha~jeúk

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki 8 hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




2+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>< Lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi ef~oikxijeúk

3

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>2

JAKJORZEAKBZ

7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>7 \BJAFBKHIJEAKBZ HB IJXRIJEÚK

7+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>7 \bjafbkhijeakbz i oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz

7+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++99> \bjafbkhijeakbz io zbjxa| ~|esiha

ÆKHEJB HB G\ÉCEJAZ+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++99< ÆKHEJB HB XILOIZ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++993





^RKXAZ JOISB

E Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio hb xaha jerhihika i

jakx|aoi| zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u i hez~akb| u hbjehe| zal|b oaz fezfaz+

Oi gbkb|ioepijeúk hb oiz xbjkaoagæiz hb ekca|fijeúk u jafrkejijeúk -XEJ% mi ~|asajiha

oi j|bijeúk hb fbjikezfaz yrb cijeoexik bo ekxb|jiflea u x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz+ Bk bzxb

jakxb}xa/ bz kbjbzi|ea izbgr|i| bo byreoel|ea bkx|b oiz ~azeleoehihbz yrb ac|bjbk oiz XEJ u

oi gi|ikxæi hbo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

Ef~oæjexa io |bjakajefebkxa hb bzxb hb|bjma i xahaz oaz jerhihikaz/ oi obgezoijeúk ef~akbi oiz a|gikepijeakbz yrb hez~akbk hb cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz rki zb|eb hb

aloegijeakbz xbkhbkxbz i gi|ikxepi| bo hb|bjma+ Bz bk bzxb jakxb}xa bk bo yrb zb

bkfi|ji bo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea/ yrb xebkb jafa al`bxesa ikioepi| bo kesbo hb ihbjrijeúk hb

oi ~byrbùi u fbheiki bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi i oiz hez~azejeakbz hb|esihiz hb oi ka|fixesi

zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

EE Kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk oi ~ufb

Oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rk lià kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ xikxa hb oi OA^H/ segbkxb hbzhb 9555 -:8"% jafa hbo |bjebkxb|bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%/ bk sega| hbzhb il|eo hb <>>= -98"%+ Hiha yrb oi obu

oobsi bk sega| jize hebp iùaz/ yrb zr i~oejijeúk bz hb aloegiha jrf~oefebkxa ~i|i xahiz

oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ u yrb zb ~|bsåk zikjeakbz ikxb zr

ekjrf~oefebkxa/ ~|bajr~i bo bzjiza jakajefebkxa hb oi fezfi bkx|b bo jaobjxesa ~ufb+

Hb mbjma/ ~|éjxejifbkxb oi xaxioehih hb bf~|bziz fikbìk hixaz ~b|zakiobz0 bo 53" hb

oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz hez~akbk hb cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -ui zbi bk zrz

zezxbfiz ekca|féxejaz a bk zrz i|jmesaz bk ~i~bo% u bzxék ~a| xikxa ~axbkjeiofbkxb

zr`bxiz i oi ka|fixesi+

Oiz ~ufbz x|iliìk ~|ekje~iofbkxb jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hb joebkxbz -7<"%/

~|asbbha|bz -29"% u kúfekiz -:>"%/ yrb ekja|~a|ik hixaz ~b|zakiobz hbo xe~a kafl|b

-73"%/ he|bjjeúk -79"% u xboåcaka -7>"% hbo xexroi| hbo hb|bjma+

Zb frbzx|ik i jakxekrijeúk iogrkaz hixaz joisb zal|b bo kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi

ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb0


• Rk :7" ice|fi milb| hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi IB^H4 oi sb|ecejijeúk

~azxb|ea| jakce|fi yrb zúoa rk 93" hb oiz ~ufbz mi kaxecejiha bcbjxesifbkxb oaz

cejmb|az ikxb bo \bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+ Bzxb hixa bz jamb|bkxbjak oi ~azxr|i hb oi IB^H/ yrb bzxefi yrb bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi




aloegijeúk bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz hb bkx|b bo 9> u bo 92"+ Bo hbzcizb bkx|b

hbjoi|ijeúk u zexrijeúk |bio jakce|fi oi b}ezxbkjei hb rk ioxa zbzga -faxesiha ~a|

bo al`bxa hbo bzxrhea0 kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb rki obu% u mijb zaz~bjmi| yrb bo|bzxa hb |bzroxihaz ~rbhbk sb|zb icbjxihaz ~a| bzxb fezfa zbzga+

• Bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hbjoi|iha hb oiz ~|ekje~iobz aloegijeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi

OA^H zb frbsb bk xa|ka io <>&:>"+ Ze zb izrfb rk jeb|xa zbzga bk oiz

|bz~rbzxiz/ bo kesbo zb|æi xahisæi féz |bhrjeha+ Iogrkaz hb oaz hixaz féz

|bobsikxbz zak0

a Bf~|bziz yrb jrf~obk jak bo hblb| hb ekca|fijeúk0 <5"

a Bf~|bziz yrb jrf~obk jak bo hblb| hb jakzbkxefebkxa0 <5"

a Bf~|bziz yrb hez~akbk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz0 <="

a Bf~|bziz yrb mik bzxilobjeha ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo b`b|jejea

hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk

-hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+% ~a| oaz ~i|xejroi|bz0 <>"+

• Bo jrf~oefebkxa ka bz mafagåkba bkx|b oiz hecb|bkxbz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih

~|bsezxiz bk bo |bgoifbkxa+ Åzxb zb mi ikioepiha zúoa ~i|i oiz bf~|bziz yrb

ice|fik milb| hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi IB^H/ u azjeoi bkx|b rk <2" ~i|ioiz fbhehiz fbkaz ef~obfbkxihiz u rk 5>" ~i|i oiz féz b}exaziz+ I

jakxekrijeúk zb bkrfb|i bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb iogrkiz hb oiz fbhehiz

ikioepihiz0

a Bf~|bziz yrb hez~akbk hb hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih0 =<"

a Bf~|bziz yrb mik hesrogiha oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih bkx|b zrz

bf~obihaz0 7<"

a Bf~|bziz yrb jrbkxik jak rk |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz0 <2"

a Bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk ef~oikxiha rk jakx|ao hb ijjbza0 =5"

a Bf~|bziz jak rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi0 8="


• ^a| oa yrb |bz~bjxi io jaf~a|xifebkxa hb oiz ~ufbz jak |bz~bjxa i cejmb|az ka

irxafixepihaz/ bo <>" xebkb bzxilobjehiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih byresiobkxbz bk

bo jiza hb cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u ka irxafixepihaz/ u bo <:" ice|fi joizeceji|

zr hajrfbkxijeúk bk ~i~bo bk crkjeúk hb oi jakcehbkjeioehih hbo jakxbkeha+Irkyrb ka zb x|ixi hb rki b}egbkjei ka|fixesi/ zr~akb rk ekhejea hb yrb rk <>"

hbo xb`eha ~ufb bz~iùao frbzx|i rki bz~bjeio zbkzeleoepijeúk mijei bo x|ixifebkxa




hb cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo/ u ~a| xikxa ~i|bjb yrb bkx|b

booiz oi ihi~xijeúk i oiz hez~azejeakbz hbo |bgoifbkxa |bzroxi|é/ i ~|ea|e/ zbkjeooa+

• I ~bzi| hb yrb oaz hixaz zal|b kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa zak jeb|xifbkxb fbà|ilobz/

bo fbkzi`b cekio oikpiha ~a| oiz ~ufbz bz ~azexesa0 rk =<" fikecebzxi bzxi|

jakjebkjeihi zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi/ u rk 75"

ice|fi yrb hbzxeki|é |bjr|zaz -mrfikaz u bjakúfejaz% ~i|i zr ef~obfbkxijeúk+

EEE C|bkaz ~i|i oi iha~jeúk u lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb booi

Oi zexrijeúk hb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b io kesbo hb jakajefebkxa u iha~jeúk

hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ka bz bz~bjeiofbkxb ~azexesi/ bk ~i|xb hbleha

i oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki zb|eb hb c|bkaz a li||b|iz jak oaz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik oiz ~ufbz bkzr ~|ajbza hb iha~jeúk i oi ka|fixesi0

• Cioxi hb zbkzeleoehih mijei oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u

hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi obu0 bk gbkb|io/ oiz ~ufbz ka zak jakzjebkxbz hb oi |ipúk

hb zb| hb rki ka|fixesi yrb ~|axbì oaz hixaz hb oiz ~b|zakiz ~a| oa yrb/ iðk bk

bo jiza hb yrb jakapjik oi b}ezxbkjei hb oi obu/ oi ~b|jelbk jafa rki ef~azejeúk

a ji|gi u ka jafa ioga yrb ~rbhi i~a|xi| rk lbkbcejea |bio ~i|i zr kbgajea+

• \bjmipa io jiflea0 yrepéz ~a| oiz |bhrjehiz hefbkzeakbz hb oiz ~ufbz/ åzxiz

xebkhbk i fazx|i| rk ji|éjxb| féz jakzb|siha| yrb oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz/ u zrijxexrh ikxb krbsaz ~|ajbzaz hb x|ilià ~rbhb ka |bzroxi| cisa|ilob+

• Oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz -bjakúfejaz/ mrfikaz u hb xebf~a%0 åzxb/ `rkxa jak bo

hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi obu u oi cioxi hb jakjebkjeijeúk/ zak oaz faxesaz féz

iobgihaz ~a| oiz ~ufbz jafa jirzi ~i|i oi ka iha~jeúk+ ^b|jelbk bo jazxb u

xebf~a hb ef~obfbkxijeúk b}jbzesaz/ u jakzehb|ik yrb oi kbjbzehih hb hbzsei|

|bjr|zaz mrfikaz hbo al`bxa ~|ekje~io hbo kbgajea ~i|i oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi

ka|fixesi bz ~aja bcbjxesa+

• Éflexa xåjkeja hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz0 xikxa oi obu jafa bo

|bgoifbkxa ihboikxik jakjb~xaz yrb |bzroxik b}jbzesifbkxb xåjkejaz/ xbkebkha

bk jrbkxi yrb bo hbzxekixi|ea hb oi ka|fixesi ka bz rk b}~b|xa bk ka|fixesi zal|b

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ zeka rki ~ufb jrua al`bxa hb kbgajea/ bk frjmiz

ajizeakbz/ ka xebkb kihi yrb sb| jak booa+ Oi b}jbzesi jaf~obèhih hb oi ka|fi

zr~akb rk c|bka ~i|i zr ef~obfbkxijeúk+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki = hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

• B||úkbi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi0 ekjorza bk oaz jizaz bk yrb oiz

bf~|bziz zb frbzx|ik cisa|ilobz i oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ åzxi zb

mijb hb ca|fi ekja||bjxi a ekjaf~obxi+ Izæ/ iogrkiz ji|bkjeiz hbxbjxihiz zak oi

cioxi hb zbgrefebkxa ~azxb|ea| i oi ihbjrijeúk/ a oi ihi~xijeúk zúoa ~i|jeio+




î|i jakx|i||bzxi| bzxaz ~azelobz c|bkaz yrb icbjxik bk bz~bjeio i oiz ~byrbùiz

bf~|bziz/ bz kbjbzi|ea jakjebkjei| io jaobjxesa zal|b oaz lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi

ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Zb bkrfb|ik i jakxekrijeúk0

• Bo sioa| hb oaz hixaz0 oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz zak/ bk zæ fezfaz/ rk ijxesa féz hb oi

bf~|bzi+ Zr sioa| |bzehb bk bo mbjma hb x|ixi|zb hb rki ekca|fijeúk bk frjmaz

jizaz ekhez~bkzilob ~i|i jakxekri| jak oi ijxesehih hb oi bf~|bzi0 hixaz zal|b

joebkxbz/ ~|asbbha|bz a bf~obihaz jakzxexrubk rki ekca|fijeúk fru sioeazi/ u

~ajiz sbjbz oi ~ufb zb ~oikxbi oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz kbgixesiz hb rki ~å|hehi hb

bzxi ekca|fijeúk+

• Irfbkxa hb jioehih bk oiz a~b|ijeakbz0 oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

ekja|~a|i ~irxiz yrb icbjxik i oi zezxbfixepijeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk u jioehih hb oi

fezfi/ u yrb ef~oejik bzxilobjb| ~|ajbzaz yrb fbà|ik/ i oi|ga ~oipa/ oi jioehih

bk oiz a~b|ijeakbz hb oi bf~|bzi+

• Fbà|i hb oi efigbk ja|~a|ixesi0 bz jihi sbp féz i~|bjeiha ~a| ~|asbbha|bz/

joebkxbz/ u |bzxa hb igbkxbz bf~|bzi|eiobz/ bo mbjma hb yrb oiz bf~|bziz miuik

ihi~xiha zr ijxrijeúk i oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

• Bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio/ u ~a| xikxa zb hblb sboi| ~a| zr gi|ikxæi u |bz~bxa+

Ihbféz/ bo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz bf~|bziz jakoobsi oii~oejijeúk hb ~azelobz zikjeakbz+

• Cijeoehih bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk0 bk bzxb zbkxeha/ oi IB^H bzxé hbzi||aooikha

mb||ifebkxiz xbkhbkxbz i cijeoexi| oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz

bf~|bziz+

• J|bijeúk hb rk bkxa|ka hb zbgr|ehih0 oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

~rbhb jakzxexre| bo ~|efb| ~iza ~i|i yrb oi ~ufb ijjbhi i rk bkxa|ka féz

iflejeaza hb zbgr|ehih/ jafa ~rbhb zb| ~a| b`bf~oa oi jb|xecejijeúk bk rk

Zezxbfi hb Gbzxeúk hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk -ZGZE%+





9 EKX\AHRJJEÚK U AL@BXESAZ

9+9 ^|bzbkxijeúk

9+9+9 Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk+

Bo Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk -EKXBJA%/ zajebhih bzxixio

~|afasehi ~a| bo Fekezxb|ea hb Ekhrzx|ei/ Xr|ezfa u Jafb|jea/ bz rki ~oixica|fi ~i|i bo

hbzi||aooa hb oi Zajebhih hbo Jakajefebkxa i x|isåz hb ~|aubjxaz hbo éflexa hb oi

ekkasijeúk u oi xbjkaoagæi+ Zr al`bxesa bz halob0 ~a| rki ~i|xb/ jakx|elre| i oi

jaksb|gbkjei hb Bz~iùi jak Br|a~i bk oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u/ hb ax|i ~i|xb/

~|afasb| bo hbzi||aooa |bgeakio/ bk|iepikha bk Obúk rk ~|aubjxa jak sajijeúk goalio+ Oi

fezeúk hb EKXBJA bz ef~rozi| u hbzi||aooi| ~|aubjxaz hb ekkasijeúk |boijeakihaz jak bozbjxa| hb oiz Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u oi Jafrkejijeúk -XEJ% u bk gbkb|io/ bk bo

éflexa hb oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk/ yrb fbà|bk oi ~azejeúk hb Bz~iùi u i~a|xbk

jaf~bxexesehih/ b}xbkhebkha zrz ji~ijehihbz xikxa io bkxa|ka br|a~ba jafa io

oixekaifb|ejika+ Izæ/ bo Ekzxexrxa xebkb oi sajijeúk hb zb| rk jbkx|a hb hbzi||aooa hb

ji|éjxb| ekkasiha| u hb ekxb|åz ~ðloeja i kesbo kijeakio yrb jakzxexre|é rki ekejeixesi

bk|eyrbjbha|i u hecrza|i hb oiz krbsiz xbjkaoagæiz bk Bz~iùi bk joi|i zekxakæi jak

Br|a~i+ Bo al`bxa zajeio hb EKXBJA bz oi gbzxeúk/ izbza|ifebkxa/ ~|afajeúk u hecrzeúk

hb ~|aubjxaz xbjkaoúgejaz bk bo fi|ja hb oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk+ î|i booa/

EKXBJA hbzi||aooi|é ijxrijeakbz/ io fbkaz/ bk oækbiz bzx|ixågejiz hb Zbgr|ehihXbjkaoúgeji/ Ijjbzeleoehih/ Ekkasijeúk bk zaorjeakbz XEJ ~i|i oi ûfb/ b&Ziorh/ b&

Hbfaj|ijei+

9+9+< Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

Bo Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk zb ekzb|xi hbkx|a hb oi oækbi bzx|ixågeji

hb ijxrijeúk hb EKXBJA bk fixb|ei hb Zbgr|ehih Xbjkaoúgeji+

Bo Alzb|sixa|ea kijb jak bo al`bxesa hb hbzj|ele| hb fikb|i hbxiooihi u zezxbféxeji bo

kesbo hb zbgr|ehih u jakceikpi bk oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u hb gbkb|i|jakajefebkxa bz~bjeioepiha bk oi fixb|ei+ Hb bzxb faha/ zb bkjrbkx|i io zb|sejea hb oaz

jerhihikaz/ oiz bf~|bziz u oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz bz~iùaoiz ~i|i hbzj|ele|/

ikioepi|/ izbza|i| u hecrkhe| oi jroxr|i hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u oi b&Jakceikpi+

Bo Alzb|sixa|ea mi hezbùiha rk ôik hb Ijxesehihbz u Bzxrheaz jak bo al`bxa hb ~|ahrje|

jakajefebkxa bz~bjeioepiha u ðxeo bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih ~a| ~i|xb hb EKXBJA/ izæ

jafa hb boila|i| |bjafbkhijeakbz u ~|a~rbzxiz yrb hbcekik xbkhbkjeiz séoehiz ~i|i oi

xafi hb hbjezeakbz crxr|iz ~a| ~i|xb hb oaz ~ahb|bz ~ðloejaz+

Hbkx|a hb bzxb ~oik hb ijjeúk zb |bioepik oila|bz hb eksbzxegijeúk/ ikéoezez/ bzxrhea/izbza|ifebkxa u hesrogijeúk yrb ixbkhb|ék/ bkx|b ax|iz/ i oiz zegrebkxbz bzx|ixbgeiz0

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




• Boila|ijeúk hb bzxrheaz b ekca|fbz ~|a~eaz bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih hb oiz

Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u oi Jafrkejijeúk/ jak bz~bjeio åkcizez bk oi

Zbgr|ehih bk Ekxb|kbx+

• Zbgrefebkxa hb oaz ~|ekje~iobz ekhejiha|bz u ~aoæxejiz ~ðloejiz |boijeakihiz jak oi

zbgr|ehih hb oi ekca|fijeúk u oi jakceikpi bk bo éflexa kijeakio b ekxb|kijeakio+

• Gbkb|ijeúk hb rki lizb hb hixaz yrb ~b|fexi bo ikéoezez u bsiorijeúk hb oi

zbgr|ehih u oi jakceikpi jak rki ~b|z~bjxesi xbf~a|io+

• Ef~roza hb ~|aubjxaz hb eksbzxegijeúk bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih XEJ+

• Hecrzeúk hb bzxrheaz b ekca|fbz ~rloejihaz ~a| ax|iz bkxehihbz u a|gikezfazkijeakiobz b ekxb|kijeakiobz/ izæ jafa hb ekca|fijeúk zal|b oi ijxrioehih

kijeakio u br|a~bi bk fixb|ei hb oi zbgr|ehih u jakceikpi bk oi Zajebhih hb oi

Ekca|fijeúk+

• Izbza|ifebkxa i oiz Ihfekezx|ijeakbz ^ðloejiz bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih hb oi

ekca|fijeúk u jakceikpi/ izæ jafa bo i~aua i oi boila|ijeúk/ zbgrefebkxa u

bsiorijeúk hb ~aoæxejiz ~ðloejiz bk bzxb éflexa+

9+< Jakxb}xa u a~a|xrkehih hbo bzxrhea

Oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio |bjakajeha bk oi

Jakzxexrjeúk Bz~iùaoi yrb ix|elrub io xexroi| hbo hb|bjma oi cijroxih hb jakx|aoi| zrz

hixaz+ Oiz ~ufbz/ jafa igbkxbz yrb fikb`ik u x|ixik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ bzxék

aloegihiz i izbgr|i| bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb

yrb hez~akbk+

Jakjr||bk rki zb|eb hb je|jrkzxikjeiz yrb hbcekbk oi |bioehih bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb zb

|bceb|b i ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u ~ufbz0

• Bk ~|efb| orgi|/ bo xb`eha bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao bzxé jakzxexreha bk féz hb rk 55"~a| ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz hb fbkaz hb 2> bf~obihaz/ u bkx|b booiz xebkbk rk ~bza

bz~bjeiofbkxb kaxa|ea oiz bf~|bziz zek izioi|eihaz+ Bzxi zexrijeúk/ hecb|bkxb i oi

hbo |bzxa hb ~iæzbz ekhrzx|eioepihaz/ b}egb ~|bzxi| rki ixbkjeúk bz~bjeio io

jaobjxesa ~ufbz u fej|a~ufbz/ bk xikxa bk jrikxa zak bo faxa| ~|ekje~io hb oi

bjakafæi u hb oi gbkb|ijeúk hb bf~oba bk Bz~iùi+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 99 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

Xiloi 90 Jaf~azejeúk hbo xb`eha bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao ~a| bzx|ixa hb izioi|eihaz

Xe~a hb bf~|bzi ~a| kðfb|a hb izioi|eihaz Kðfb|a hb bf~|bziz ^a|jbkxi`b

Zek izioi|eihaz 9+7>3+98> 29/9:"Hb 9 i 85 izioi|eihaz 9+3>>+5<7 87/5="Hb 2> i 955 izioi|eihaz <:+297 >/7>"Hb <>> i 855 izioi|eihaz 8+<9= >/9:"Féz hb 2>> izioi|eihaz 9+=22 >/>3"XAXIO :+::3+327 9>>/>>"

Crbkxb0 HE\JB -<>>7% EKB

• Bo jaobjxesa ~ufb bk Bz~iùi ~|bzbkxi rk ix|iza xbjkaoúgeja jak |bz~bjxa i oiz

bf~|bziz hb fiua| xifiùa u rk jeb|xa bzjb~xejezfa u cioxi hb jakjebkjeijeúkzal|b oi zbgr|ehih hb oi ekca|fijeúk+ Zak jakjorzeakbz hbo Bzxrhea zal|b

ekjehbkjeiz u kbjbzehihbz hb zbgr|ehih bk oiz ~byrbùiz u fbheikiz bf~|bziz

bz~iùaoiz / boila|iha ~a| EKXBJA u ~rloejiha bk bkb|a hb <>>=9+

• Zb x|ixi/ ihbféz/ hb rk jaobjxesa ji|ijxb|epiha ~a| oi mbxb|agbkbehih hb zbjxa|bz

hb ijxesehih/ xio u jafa zb fazx|i|é féz ihboikxb bk bo bzxrhea -sb| Xiloi <%+ Bo

jafðk hbkafekiha| hb oiz ~ufbz bz zr hefbkzeúk |bhrjehi/ ~b|a bz hecæjeo

bzxilobjb| rk ~ix|úk hb jaf~a|xifebkxa jafðk bk ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz yrb zb

i~oeyrb ~a| egrio i xe~aoagæiz hb kbgajea xik hesb|ziz jafa oi mazxbob|æi/ bo~byrbùa jafb|jea/ oaz ~|acbzeakiobz oelb|iobz a oiz gbzxa|æiz/ ~a| fbkjeaki| zúoa

rkaz b`bf~oaz+ I ~bzi| hb oi mbxb|agbkbehih i~rkxihi/ bk xå|fekaz gbkb|iobz oiz

~ufbz ka jrbkxik jak |bjr|zaz bz~bjæcejaz bk zbgr|ehih -xåjkejaz/ ca|fixesaz u

mrfikaz%/ oa jrio zr~akb rki li||b|i ~i|i oi iha~jeúk hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih

hb oi ekca|fijeúk bk gbkb|io/ u hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk ~i|xejroi|+

• Ihbféz/ bo 95 hb il|eo hb <>>= bkx|i bk sega| bo |bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi obu

a|gékeji 92!9555/ hb 9: hb hejebfl|b/ hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio -\HOA^H%+ Bo |bgoifbkxa kijb jak oi sajijeúk hb |bzaosb| jrbzxeakbzekxb|~|bxixesiz yrb b}ezxæik bk oi OA^H/ hbzi||aooi| oaz fikhixaz jakxbkehaz bk

booi/ u haxi| hb jamb|bkjei i xahi oi |bgroijeúk |bgoifbkxi|ei b}ezxbkxb mizxi

bkxakjbz+ Bo |bgoifbkxa jakxebkb krbsiz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oiz bf~|bziz/ jafa

zak oiz b}xbkzeakbz hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz/

oaz jifleaz hb kesbobz hb zbgr|ehih i~oejilobz i iogrkaz xe~az hb hixaz a oiz

x|ikzcb|bkjeiz hb hixaz bkx|b g|r~az ekxb|kijeakiobz hb bf~|bziz/ bkx|b ax|iz+

9 Bzxrhea jaf~obxa hez~akelob bk0

mxx~0!!www+ekxbja+bz!Zbgr|ehih!Alzb|sixa|ea!BzxrheazQbQEkca|fbz!BzxrheazQbQEkca|fbzQ9

http://www.inteco.es/Seguridad/Observatorio/Estudios_e_Informes/Estudios_e_Informes_1

http://www.inteco.es/Seguridad/Observatorio/Estudios_e_Informes/Estudios_e_Informes_1




Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

• â| ðoxefa/ oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rki j|bjebkxb zbkzeleoehih u

~|bajr~ijeúk zal|b hb oi ef~a|xikjei hb oi ekca|fijeúk ~b|zakio0 yrå xe~a hb

hixaz zal|b rka fezfa bzxék bk ~ahb| hb ax|iz ~b|zakiz/ yrå rza zb bzxé hikhahb oaz fezfaz/ bxj+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ bo li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ ja||bz~akhebkxb i

cbl|b|a hb <>>= |bcobì yrb i rk 79" hb oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi obz ~|bajr~i

frjma a lizxikxb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u bo rza hb ekca|fijeúk ~b|zakio ~a|

ax|iz ~b|zakiz<+

Bk bo jakxb}xa hbzj|exa/ ji|ijxb|epiha ~a| rki j|bjebkxb zbkzeleoehih mijei oi ~|axbjjeúk

hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ rk xbèha bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao jaf~rbzxa bk féz hb rk 55" ~a|

~byrbùiz bf~|bziz u rk krbsa fi|ja `r|æheja hbzhb il|eo hb <>>=/ zb mijb kbjbzi|ea rk

bzxrhea yrb ac|bpji rk heigkúzxeja hb oi zexrijeúk ijxrio hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz bkjrikxa i jakajefebkxa u ihi~xijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi |bcb|bkxb i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ jak bz~bjeio ixbkjeúk i oiz kasbhihbz ~|bsezxiz bk bo krbsa

|bgoifbkxa u yrb icbjxik i cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+

9+: Al`bxesaz hbo bzxrhea

Bo al`bxesa gbkb|io hbo bzxrhea bz oi boila|ijeúk hb rk ikéoezez zal|b oi zexrijeúk hb oi

~ufb bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b i ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ jak rki halob

sb|xebkxb0

• Heigkúzxeja/ xikxa hbo jrf~oefebkxa bcbjxesa hb oi obgezoijeúk segbkxb/ jafa hbo

kesbo hb ~|b~i|ijeúk ~i|i oi ihbjrijeúk i oiz b}egbkjeiz ~|bsezxiz bk bo \HOA^H

-zal|b xaha bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b io x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk

za~a|xb ~i~bo%+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ bz ef~a|xikxb zbùioi| yrb bo \HOA^H bzxilobjb

~oipaz ~i|i oi ef~oikxijeúk hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~|bsezxiz bk bo fezfa+

Bzxaz ~oipaz hb ihi~xijeúk/ yrb icbjxik i oaz cejmb|az ~|bb}ezxbkxbz i oi cbjmi hb

bkx|ihi bk sega| hbo |bgoifbkxa/ si|æik bk crkjeúk hbo xe~a hb cejmb|a

-irxafixepiha a ka irxafixepiha% u bo kesbo hb zbgr|ehih b}egeha -lézeja/ fbhea a

ioxa%+ Izæ/ ~i|i oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz/ oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih hb kesbo

lézeja zb|ék b}egelobz bk rk iùa/ febkx|iz yrb oiz hb kesbo ioxa jakxbf~oik rk

~oipa hb haz iùaz+ Xbkebkha bk jrbkxi oi b}ezxbkjei hb bzxaz ~oipaz/ bo al`bxesa

hbo bzxrhea zb mi jbkx|iha ka xikxa bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk bcbjxesi hb oiz

hez~azejeakbz hbo \HOA^H/ zeka bk bo kesbo hb ~|b~i|ijeúk ~i|i zr ihbjrijeúk+

• Jakjebkjeijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk0 ihbféz hbo al`bxesa hb heigkúzxeja/ b}ezxb bo

al`bxesa féz iflejeaza hb faheceji| bo jaf~a|xifebkxa hb oi ~ufb/

ekj|bfbkxikha oi xizi hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

< JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%




^a| booa bo ~|aubjxa ili|ji oi ~rloejijeúk hbo ~|bzbkxb ekca|fb u hb rki Græi

lézeji ~i|i oi ~ufb hb ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz + Oi græi/

boila|ihi bk lizb i oaz |bzroxihaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi u jrioexixesi/xebkb jafa al`bxesa ca|fi| io jaobjxesa ~ufb zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb oi ~|axbjjeúk

hb hixaz/ cijeoexi| ~irxiz ~i|i zr ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi/ jakjebkjei| ijb|ji hb

oaz lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi ef~obfbkxijeúk u |bfasb| oiz ~axbkjeiobz li||b|iz

yrb bzxék c|bkikha zr iha~jeúk+

Bzxb al`bxesa gbkb|io hb heigkúzxeja/ jakjebkjeijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk zb hbzgoazi

a~b|ixesifbkxb bk oaz zegrebkxbz al`bxesaz bz~bjæcejaz0

• Ehbkxeceji| kesbo hb ihbjrijeúk hb oi ~byrbùi u fbheiki bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi i oi

ka|fixesi bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

• Ehbkxeceji| yrå c|bkaz u li||b|iz zb bzxék bkjakx|ikha oiz ~ufbz ~i|i zr

iha~jeúk+ Hbo fezfa faha/ hbzxiji| jréobz zak oaz lbkbcejeaz u bo sioa| iùiheha

yrb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz i~a|xi io kbgajea u i~a|xi| ~irxiz

~i|i boefeki| a fekefepi| oaz c|bkaz+

• Sioa|i| ze oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bzxé ~|b~i|ihi ~i|i mijb| c|bkxb io \HOA^H/ bk

sega| hbzhb bo 95 hb il|eo hb <>>=+

• Ca|froi| |bjafbkhijeakbz io jaobjxesa ~ufb u i oi ihfekezx|ijeúk ~ðloeji ~i|i

ekj|bfbkxi| bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa/ bk lizb i oaz |bzroxihaz hbo bzxrhea u i oi

~|a~ei b}~b|ebkjei hb oaz igbkxbz jaoila|iha|bz+

9+8 Hezbùa fbxahaoúgeja

Jrioyreb| bzxrhea boila|iha i ~i|xe| hb |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz ~a| fbhea hb bkjrbzxiz hb

a~ekeúk zb bkjrbkx|i jak rk zbzga ef~oæjexa hb|esiha hb yrb oiz hbjoi|ijeakbz zb lizik

bk oi ~b|jb~jeúk hbo bkjrbzxiha+ Bk bzxb jiza/ ihbféz/ b}ezxbk rki zb|eb hb

jakhejeakikxbz iùihehaz yrb zbzgik iðk féz oiz |bz~rbzxiz hb oiz bf~|bziz/ yrb zbjakj|bxik bk oi bz~bjeio zbkzeleoehih hbo al`bxa hb ikéoezez -ihi~xijeúk i rki obu jrua

ekjrf~oefebkxa hb|esi bk zikjeakbz% u bk bo ji|éjxb| xåjkeja hb oi fixb|ei -yrb ef~oeji

jakajefebkxaz yrb ka zb ~rbhbk ~|bzr~akb| i oiz ~ufbz/ yrb bk ajizeakbz ka zak

ji~ijbz hb ehbkxeceji| zrz kbjbzehihbz ke hb |bz~akhb| i ~|bgrkxiz xåjkejiz%+ Oiz

ji|ijxb|æzxejiz ekmb|bkxbz i oiz a|gikepijeakbz bf~|bzi|eiobz hecejroxik oi |bioepijeúk hb

bzxrheaz hb zbgr|ehih ekx|rzesaz/ bz hbje|/ iyrbooaz yrb ef~oejik rki irhexa|æi hb

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

Bk sezxi hb oiz hecejroxihbz ehbkxecejihiz zb mijb kbjbzi|ea hbceke| rki i~|a}efijeúk

ioxb|kixesi ~i|i jakx|i||bzxi| u fekefepi| bzxb ~azelob zbzga/ lizihi bk rki jaflekijeúk

hb xåjkejiz0





• Xåjkeji jrikxexixesi/ yrb jakxbf~oi oi |bioepijeúk hb bkjrbzxiz i <2> ~ufbz

bz~iùaoiz+

• Xåjkeji jrioexixesi/ jak bkx|bsezxiz bk ~|acrkhehih i igbkxbz u b}~b|xaz

ef~oejihaz bk oiz hezxekxiz cizbz hb ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi0 hb rk oiha/ i

oiz ~|a~eiz ~ufbz/ ijxa|bz ~|ekje~iobz hbo bzxrhea4 hb ax|a/ i gbzxa|æiz u!a

jakzroxa|iz b}~b|xiz bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb zaorjeakbz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

io jaobjxesa4 ~a| ðoxefa/ i oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ a|gikezfa

bkji|giha hb sboi| ~a| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb

hixaz u jakx|aoi| zr i~oejijeúk+

• Jakx|izxb hb |bzroxihaz hbjoi|ihaz jak oi IB^H/ |bioepiha i x|isåz hb oi

jaf~|alijeúk akoekb ijb|ji hb oi ekzj|e~jeúk bcbjxesi hb cejmb|az ikxb bo \bgezx|a

Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+

Bo hbzi||aooa hbo bzxrhea/ jak oiz xåjkejiz hbzj|exiz/ zb mi oobsiha i jila bk rki bxi~i hb

eksbzxegijeúk u rki bxi~i hb ca|froijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz/ yrb zb ikioepik i

jakxekrijeúk+

9+8+9 Bxi~i hb eksbzxegijeúk

Bzxi bxi~i xebkb jafa al`bxesa |bja~eoi| hb oiz hezxekxiz crbkxbz/ ~|efi|eiz u zbjrkhi|eiz/

xahi oi ekca|fijeúk kbjbzi|ei ~i|i iojikpi| oaz al`bxesaz hbo ~|aubjxa+ Jakzxi/ i zr sbp/hb jrix|a cizbz/ yrb zb x|ixi|ék bk ~|acrkhehih bk oaz zegrebkxbz b~æg|icbz0

• Cizb E0 Lðzyrbhi u ikéoezez hajrfbkxio

• Cizb EE0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi

• Cizb EEE0 Jakx|izxb hb |bzroxihaz

• Cizb ES0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrioexixesi

Cizb E0 Lðzyrbhi u ikéoezez hajrfbkxio

Bzxi cizb xebkb jafa al`bxesa ikioepi| b}mirzxesifbkxb oiz hez~azejeakbz obgiobz u ax|az

jakxbkehaz/ jak bo cek hb zbkxi| oiz lizbz hb oaz j|exb|eaz hb lðzyrbhi+ Zb mik xbkeha bk

jrbkxi/ ~|ekje~iofbkxb/ crbkxbz hb ji|éjxb| ka|fixesa/ izæ jafa bzxrheaz b ekca|fbz

~rloejihaz bk oi fixb|ei yrb ~rbhik bk|eyrbjb| u a|ebkxi| bo ~|aubjxa hb eksbzxegijeúk+

Bkx|b oiz |bcb|bkjeiz hb ji|éjxb| ka|fixesa u!a ̀ r|ez~|rhbkjeio hbzxijik oiz zegrebkxbz0

• Jakzxexrjeúk bz~iùaoi hb 957=+





• Obu A|gékeji 2!5< hb \bgroijeúk hbo X|ixifebkxa Irxafixepiha hb oaz Hixaz hb

Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio hb <3 hb Ajxrl|b -OA\XIH% -hb|agihi%

• He|bjxesi Br|a~bi 52!83 JB hbo î|oifbkxa Br|a~ba u hbo Jakzbà hb <8 hb

Ajxrl|b hb 9552+

• Obu A|gékeji 92!9555/ hb 9: hb hejebfl|b/ hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb|

^b|zakio+

• \bgoifbkxa hb Fbhehiz hb Zbgr|ehih -\bio Hbj|bxa 558!9555 hb Fbhehiz hb

Zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio hb 99 hb @rkea hb 9555% -hb|agiha%+

• Zbkxbkjei <5<!<>>> hbo X|elrkio Jakzxexrjeakio/ hb :> hb kasebfl|b+

• \bio Hbj|bxa 97<>!<>>7/ hb <9 hb Hejebfl|b/ ~a| bo yrb zb i~|rbli bo

\bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb|

^b|zakio+

Bkx|b oaz bzxrheaz xbkehaz bk jrbkxi ~i|i oi ehbkxecejijeúk hb me~úxbzez i jakx|izxi| u

gbkb|ijeúk hb jakxbkeha jaf~obfbkxi|ea hbzxijik oaz zegrebkxbz0

• Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a+ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Jbkx|a hb Eksbzxegijeakbz Zajeaoúgejiz-JEZ% -<>>=%+

• Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Jexepbkz― ~b|jb~xeakz+ Coizm

Br|ali|afbxb| <<2 ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak -<>>=%+

• Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z― ~b|jb~xeakz+ Coizm

Br|ali|afbxb| <<3 ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak -<>>=%+

• Hixaz bk ~i~bo+ X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz b ekca|fijeúk jakcehbkjeio bk

za~a|xb ~i~bo bk oi bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi+ Oikhwboo -<>>3%+

â| ðoxefa/ ax|iz crbkxbz jakzroxihiz mik zeha oiz zegrebkxbz+ Zb |boijeakik i

jakxekrijeúk i|xæjroaz hb |bsezxiz/ græiz ~|éjxejiz u ~égekiz wbl xbkehiz bk jrbkxi bk oi

boila|ijeúk hbo bzxrhea0

• Igbkjei bz~iùaoi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Græi hb zbgr|ehih -il|eo <>>=%/ Græi hb

^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz ~i|i \bz~akzilobz hb Cejmb|az -<>>=%/ Græi hbo hb|bjma

crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -<>>8%

• Hb oi ^bùi Frùap/ @+ -<>>=%+ ZEJ+ K° 7=+ ^~+ 3=&7< -cbl|b|a <>>=%+





• Gi|jæi \bu/ F+ -<>>=%+ ZEJ+ K° 7=+ ^~+ 78&72 -cbl|b|a <>>=%+

•

Zb||b|i Jalaz/ ^+ -<>>=%+ ‟±Yrå mijb| jak oaz cejmb|az bk ~i~bo1‖+ ^|axbjjeúk hbhixaz+ K° <9 -il|eo <>>=%+

• Xb`bhi/ J+ -<>>=%+ ‟Lrbkiz ~|éjxejiz bk bo hbzi||aooa hb rk ~|aubjxa hb ~|axbjjeúk

hb hixaz‖+ ^|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ K° <9 -il|eo <>>=%+

• ^égeki wbl hb oi Igbkjei bz~iùaoi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz0 www+ig~h+bz

• Bkx|bsezxi hegexio jak I|xbfe \iooa -he|bjxa| hb oi IB^H%0

mxx~0!!www+bofrkha+bz!bkjrbkx|az!eksexihaz!<>>=!>8!:>:>!ekhb}+mxfo

• mxx~0!!www+hb|bjma+jaf!obgezoijeak!lab!::><:

• mxx~0!!www+hb|bjma+jaf!obgezoijeak!lab!7:29:3

• ^égeki Wbl hb oi Fakjoai jak oiz ~|ekje~iobz ekkasijeakbz hbo Krbsa

\bgoifbkxa0 mxx~0!!www+oi&fakjoai+bz

Cizb EE0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi

Bzxi cizb ekjorub oi |bioepijeúk hb <2> bkjrbzxiz xbobcúkejiz i ~ufbz hbo xb||exa|eabz~iùao ~bkekzroi|/ Liobi|bz/ Jiki|eiz/ Jbrxi u Fboeooi+

Rkesb|za

Bo rkesb|za al`bxa hbo bzxrhea bzxé jakzxexreha ~a| xahi bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi hb mizxi 2>

bf~obihaz/ ~b|xbkbjebkxbz i oaz zbjxa|bz zbùioihaz bk oi Xiloi </ jak rk |ikga hb

kðfb|a hb x|ili`iha|bz+ Zb x|ixi/ ~a| xikxa/ hb fej|a~ufbz -fbkaz hb 9> bf~obihaz% u

~byrbùiz bf~|bziz -9>&2> izioi|eihaz%+ Zb b}jorubk hbo éflexa hbo bzxrhea oiz

fbheikiz bf~|bziz -2>&<2> bf~obihaz% ~a| bo bzjiza ~bza yrb xebkbk hbkx|a hbo

~ika|ifi bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao ->/7" hb oaz féz hb : feooakbz hb bf~|bziz% u ~a| zrxbkhbkjei i oi izefeoijeúk jak oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz bk bo jrf~oefebkxa hb ka|fixesi+


http://www.elmundo.es/encuentros/invitados/2008/04/3030/index.html


http://www.derecho.com/legislacion/boe/33023










Xiloi <0 Rkesb|za ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz hb fbkaz hb 2> izioi|eihaz

JKIB Zbjxa| hb ijxesehih ? 9>bf~obihaz

9> ‚ 2>bf~obihaz Xaxio Xaxio -"%

JKIB 9> ‚98 Ekhrzx|eiz b}x|ijxesiz <+98= 7<< <+=7> >/9"

JKIB 92 ‚8>

Ekhrzx|ei fikrcijxr|b|i 953+3=> :3+:<< <::+>>< 7/9"

JKIB 89^|ahrjjeúk u hezx|elrjeúkhb bkb|gæi boåjx|eji/ gizu igri

9+><: 9>8 9+9<7 >/>"

JKIB 82 Jakzx|rjjeúk 88:+28= :5+58= 8=:+853 98/3"

JKIB 2> ‚2<

Jafb|jea/ |b~i|ijeúk hbsbmæjroaz hb faxa|/

faxajejobxiz ujejoafaxa|bz u i|xæjroaz~b|zakiobz u hb rzahafåzxeja

=>=+8<3 :<+2>5 =8>+5:2 <2/8"

JKIB 22 Mazxbob|æi <72+8<5 9>+>>9 <=2+8:> =/3"

JKIB 3> ‚38

X|ikz~a|xb/iofijbkifebkxa ujafrkejijeakbz

<::+9<5 5+<:= <8<+:37 7/:"

JKIB 32 ‚37 Ekxb|fbheijeúk cekikjeb|i 25+3>< =>: 3>+8>2 9/="

JKIB 7> ‚78

Ijxesehihbz ekfaleoei|eizu hb ioyreob|/ zb|sejeazbf~|bzi|eiobz

7:5+<=: <9+>:2 73>+:9= <:/>"

JKIB => Bhrjijeúk 27+<8> 2+9=5 3<+8<5 9/5"

JKIB =2Ijxesehihbz zikexi|eiz usbxb|eki|eiz/ zb|sejeazajeio

9<>+982 8+==8 9<2+><5 :/="

JKIB 5> ‚5:

Ax|iz ijxesehihbzzajeiobz u hb zb|sejeaz~|bzxihaz i oijafrkehih/ zb|sejeaz~b|zakiobz

<>>+=9> =+=85 <>5+325 3/:"

XAXIO :+9:7+83: 935+3>8 :+:>7+>37 9>>/>"

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Xifiùa u hezx|elrjeúk frbzx|io

Zb mi b}x|iæha rki frbzx|i |b~|bzbkxixesi hb <2> bf~|bziz zbgðk rk fahboa iobixa|ea

zef~ob+ Oaz hixaz hb a|egbk ~i|i oi zbobjjeúk hb oi frbzx|i mik zeha b}x|iæhaz hb oi Lizb

hb Hixaz hbo \bgezx|a Fb|jikxeo/ hb rk rkesb|za hb ~ufbz |bgezx|ihiz+ Oi frbzx|i zb mi

hezx|elreha bkx|b oaz zbjxa|bz ~b|xbkbjebkxbz io júhega JKIB 5: |boijeakihaz/

mileåkhazb |bioepiha bo frbzx|ba ~a| jraxiz hb xifiùa u |b~|bzbkxixesehih hb jihi rka

hb oaz zbjxa|bz+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




Xiloi :0 Hezx|elrjeúk hb oi frbzx|i ~a| zbjxa| JKIB u kðfb|a hb izioi|eihaz -bk sioa|bz

ilzaorxaz u "%

JKIB Zbjxa| hb ijxesehih? 9>bf~obihaz

9> ‚ 2>bf~obihaz

Xaxio Xaxio -"%

JKIB 9> ‚ 98 Ekhrzx|eiz b}x|ijxesiz <> 2 <2 9>/>"JKIB 92 ‚ 8> Ekhrzx|ei fikrcijxr|b|i 9: : 93 3/8"

JKIB 89^|ahrjjeúk u hezx|elrjeúkhb bkb|gæi boåjx|eji/ giz uigri

> > > >/>"

JKIB 82 Jakzx|rjjeúk :> : :: 9:/<"

JKIB 2> ‚ 2<

Jafb|jea/ |b~i|ijeúk hbsbmæjroaz hb faxa|/faxajejobxiz u

jejoafaxa|bz u i|xæjroaz~b|zakiobz u hb rzahafåzxeja

22 < 27 <</="

JKIB 22 Mazxbob|æi 95 9 <> =/>"

JKIB 3> ‚ 38X|ikz~a|xb/iofijbkifebkxa ujafrkejijeakbz

93 9 97 3/="

JKIB 32 ‚ 37 Ekxb|fbheijeúk cekikjeb|i 8 > 8 9/3"

JKIB 7> ‚ 78Ijxesehihbz ekfaleoei|eiz uhb ioyreob|/ zb|sejeazbf~|bzi|eiobz

2> 9 29 <>/8"

JKIB => Bhrjijeúk 8 > 8 9/3"

JKIB =2

Ijxesehihbz zikexi|eiz u

sbxb|eki|eiz/ zb|sejea zajeio = > = :/<"

JKIB 5> ‚ 5:

Ax|iz ijxesehihbz zajeiobzu hb zb|sejeaz ~|bzxihaz ioi jafrkehih/ zb|sejeaz~b|zakiobz

98 9 92 3/>"

XAXIO <:: 97 <2> 9>>"

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Ji~xr|i hb ekca|fijeúk

Bkjrbzxiz xbobcúkejiz i oaz |bz~akzilobz hb jihi rki hb oiz bf~|bziz -gb|bkxbz/

~|a~ebxi|eaz/ |bz~akzilobz a hbobgihaz%+ Bo x|ili`a hb jif~a crb |bioepiha bkx|b

Hejebfl|b hb <>>7 u Cbl|b|a hb <>>=+

B||a| frbzx|io

Hb ijrb|ha jak oaz j|exb|eaz hbo frbzx|ba iobixa|ea zef~ob ~i|i si|eilobz hejaxúfejiz bk

oiz yrb ~6y6>/2 u ~i|i rk kesbo hb jakceikpi hbo 52"/ zb bzxilobjb bo zegrebkxb jéojroa

hbo b||a| frbzx|io0 frbzx|i xaxio k6 <2>/ b||a| frbzx|io ¹3/<"+

Cizb EEE0 Jakx|izxb hb |bzroxihaz

Hiha yrb oi xåjkeji bf~obihi bk oi cizb jrikxexixesi -bkjrbzxi xbobcúkeji% jrbkxi jak bozbzga ef~oæjexa i jrioyreb| mb||ifebkxi lizihi bk oi ~b|jb~jeúk hbo zr`bxa/ zb mi ekjoreha

bk oi eksbzxegijeúk rk fbjikezfa al`bxesa yrb ja||e`i bzxi ~azelob hbzseijeúk+ Hb bzxb





faha/ zb mi jakx|izxiha rki ~i|xb hb oaz |bzroxihaz hb oiz bkjrbzxiz i bf~|bzi|eaz jak

oi ekca|fijeúk ~ðloeji ac|bjehi ~a| oi IB^H i x|isåz hb www+ig~h+bz+ Oi ekca|fijeúk

sb|ecejihi bz oi |boixesi i oi jakce|fijeúk hb hbjoi|ijeúk bcbjxesi hb cejmb|az ikxb bo\bgezx|a+

Bo al`bxesa hb bzxi cizb bz ekx|ahrje| rk bobfbkxa al`bxesa u |egr|aza yrb ~b|fexi/ ~a| rki

~i|xb/ fazx|i| oi zexrijeúk |bio bk jrikxa i ef~obfbkxijeúk hb hbxb|fekihaz iz~bjxaz hb

oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz/ u ~a| ax|i/

jakzxixi| oi jaekjehbkjei a hezj|b~ikjei bkx|b oiz hbjoi|ijeakbz a ~b|jb~jeakbz hb oiz

~ufbz bkjrbzxihiz u bo kesbo |bio hb jrf~oefebkxa+

Oi jakzroxi crb |bioepihi bk cbl|b|a hb <>>=+

Cizb ES0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrioexixesi0 ~i|xeje~ikxbz

Bo al`bxesa hb bzxi cizb bz oi i~a|xijeúk hb rki sezeúk ekxbg|io u froxehezje~oeki| io

~|aubjxa yrb/ ~a| rk oiha/ ~|acrkhejb bk oaz |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz bk oi cizb jrikxexixesi

u/ ~a| ax|a/ jakzxexrui rk |bcb|bkxb ~i|i oi ca|froijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz+

I x|isåz hb bkx|bsezxiz bk ~|acrkhehih/ zb mi |bjageha/ hajrfbkxiha u ikioepiha oi

a~ekeúk hb 8> igbkxbz ~b|xbkbjebkxbz i x|bz é|biz hb jakajefebkxa a hb kbgajea0

• Hbkx|a hbo éflexa bf~|bzi|eio/ zb mik ikioepiha <2 jizaz hb ~ufbz -jizaz hbå}exa u jizaz hb ka å}exa%/ jak bo al`bxesa hb jakajb| oiz li||b|iz féz c|bjrbkxbz

bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi u oiz kbjbzehihbz ~i|xejroi|bz hbo jaobjxesa/

~i|i ~ahb| ehbkxeceji| u ijxesi| oaz fbjikezfaz hb |bfajeúk hb oaz c|bkaz+

Izefezfa/ oaz jizaz bf~|bzi|eiobz i~a|xik oi sezeúk |boixesi io kesbo hb

jakjebkjeijeúk zal|b oi ka|fixesi/ oaz lbkbcejeaz hbxbjxihaz a bz~b|ihaz u ax|az

iz~bjxaz yrb jaf~obfbkxik oaz |bzroxihaz hb oi cizb jrikxexixesi+

• Zb mi ekjoreha bk bo ikéoezez oi sezeúk hbo zbjxa| jakzroxa|æi/ i~a|xikha oi sezeúk hb

9: jakzroxa|iz bz~bjeioepihiz bk ef~obfbkxi| oi ka|fixesi OA^H bk ~byrbùiz ufbheikiz bf~|bziz+

• ^a| ðoxefa/ rk bzxrhea hb bzxiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz ka ~ahæi ~|bzjekhe| hb oi sezeúk

joisb hb oi IB^H/ a|gikezfa bkji|giha hb sboi| ~a| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi

obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u jakx|aoi| zr i~oejijeúk+ Zb mik |bioepiha <

bkx|bsezxiz/ io He|bjxa| Gbkb|io hb oi Igbkjei u i oi Zrlhe|bjxa|i Gbkb|io hbo

\bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb oi IB^H+

Oiz bkx|bsezxiz crb|ak |bioepihiz bkx|b bkb|a u il|eo hb <>>=/ u zb mik zbgreha x|bz

fåxahaz hecb|bkxbz ~i|i oi alxbkjeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk/ bk crkjeúk hb oi hez~akeleoehih hb

oi ~b|zaki jakzroxihi0

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

http://www.agpd.es/

http://www.agpd.es/




• Bkx|bsezxiz ~b|zakiobz

•

Bkx|bsezxiz xbobcúkejiz

• Jrbzxeaki|eaz akoekb

9+8+< Bxi~i hb ikéoezez u boila|ijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz

Rki sbp cekioepihi oi bxi~i hb eksbzxegijeúk u |bjilihi xahi oi ekca|fijeúk hez~akelob bk

oi fixb|ei/ zb oobsi i jila rk ikéoezez hb |bzroxihaz yrb ~b|fexb b}x|ib| jakjorzeakbz u

ca|froi| |bjafbkhijeakbz i zbjxa| ~|esiha u ~ðloeja/ yrb jakca|fik oi lizb hbo

~|bzbkxb bzxrhea+

^a| ax|i ~i|xb/ bo ~|aubjxa jakxbf~oi oi boila|ijeúk hb oi Græi lézeji ~i|i oi ~ufb hb

ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz / ~rloejijeúk irxahehijxi yrb xebkb

jafa al`bxesa ekejei| io ~byrbùa bf~|bzi|ea bk oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz u

cijeoexi| rkiz ~irxiz lézejiz zal|b júfa ekejei| bo ~|ajbza+

9+8+: Bzx|rjxr|i hb jakxbkehaz

Bo ~|bzbkxb ekca|fb zb bzx|rjxr|i bk xa|ka i oaz zegrebkxbz ~rkxaz0

• B}~azejeúk hb oaz ~rkxaz joisb hbo ~|aubjxa/ hakhb zb hbxiooik oaz ~|ekje~iobz

|bzroxihaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk+

• ^|bzbkxijeúk hb EKXBJA u hbo Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk/ u

b}~oejijeúk hb oaz al`bxesaz u fbxahaoagæi hbo bzxrhea+

• Sezeúk hbo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ jakxb}xrioepikha oi

kbjbzehih hb rki ka|fixesi bz~bjæceji bk oi fixb|ei u |bsezikha oi obgezoijeúk

bz~iùaoi io |bz~bjxa+

• Hbzj|e~jeúk hb oiz aloegijeakbz hb oiz ~ufbz bk |boijeúk jak oi ~|axbjjeúk hb

hixaz hb|esihiz hb oi ka|fixesi bz~iùaoi+

• Ikéoezez hbo kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz+

• Ehbkxecejijeúk hb oiz li||b|iz i oiz yrb zb bkc|bkxik oiz ~ufbz bk zr ~|ajbza hb

iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ u bkrfb|ijeúk hb oaz lbkbcejeaz u sioa|bz iùihehaz

hb|esihaz hb oi fezfi+

• \bzrfbk hb oiz ~|ekje~iobz jakjorzeakbz yrb hbzj|elbk oi zexrijeúk ikioepihi u

ca|froijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz i oiz ~ufbz u i oi ihfekezx|ijeúk ~ðloeji/ jak boal`bxesa hb izbgr|i| oi ja||bjxi ef~oikxijeúk+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki << hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

< ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ

<+9 Kbjbzehih hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz bo hb|bjma yrb xebkb xaha jerhihika i jakx|aoi|

zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u i hez~akb| u hbjehe| zal|b oaz fezfaz+ Zb x|ixi hb rk hb|bjma

crkhifbkxio jak bkxehih ~|a~ei u hecb|bkxb io hb|bjma i oi ekxefehih+

Oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz |bz~akhb i oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| xahaz oaz

hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ ~i|i yrb ka zbik rxeoepihaz hb ca|fi ekihbjrihi/ ke x|ixihaz

a jbhehaz i xb|jb|az zek jakzbkxefebkxa ekbyræsaja hbo xexroi|+

Bk bzxb jakxb}xa/ zb bkxebkhb ~a| hixa hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ‟jrioyreb| ekca|fijeúk jakjb|kebkxb i ~b|zakiz cæzejiz ehbkxecejihiz a ehbkxecejilobz : ‖ -i|x+ : OA^H%+

Bo bkxa|ka ijxrio zb ji|ijxb|epi ~a| rk j|bjebkxb ~|axigakezfa hb oiz xbjkaoagæiz hb

ekca|fijeúk u jafrkejijeúk -XEJ%/ yrb ef~oeji i zr sbp rki fiua| cijeoehih u |i~ehbp bk

bo ekxb|jiflea hb hixaz+ Izæ/ zb mik j|biha fbjikezfaz bcejijbz hb |bjagehi u

x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz yrb/ hb rk oiha/ ~b|fexbk rk fiua| iojikjb bk oi

|bja~eoijeúk u zezxbfixepijeúk ~b|a/ hb ax|a/ ~rbhbk zr~akb| rk oæfexb io jakx|ao zal|b oaz

fezfaz+ Oi b}xbkzeúk hb bzxaz fbjikezfaz ~|asaji yrb jihi sbp zbik féz oiz

bf~|bziz yrb x|ixbk jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Bk bzxb jakxb}xa/ zb mijb kbjbzi|ea rkbyreoel|ea bkx|b oaz lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi gbkb|ioepijeúk bk bo rza hb oiz XEJ u oi

gi|ikxæi hb oaz hb|bjmaz crkhifbkxiobz hb oaz jerhihikaz/ bk jakj|bxa bo hb|bjma i oi

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz al`bxa hbo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea+

Bzxb lioikjb bkx|b hb|bjma hbo jerhihika i ~|bzb|si| bo jakx|ao zal|b zrz hixaz

~b|zakiobz u oi i~oejijeúk hb oiz krbsiz xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Ekca|fijeúk bz bo jakxb}xa bk

bo yrb zb bkfi|ji bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

bk oi obgezoijeúk bz~iùaoi+ Oi |bgroijeúk ac|bjb i oaz jerhihikaz oiz gi|ikxæiz u

fbjikezfaz kbjbzi|eaz ~i|i ~|axbgb| zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u jakx|aoi| bo rza yrb zb

|bioepi hb oaz fezfaz+

Hb ji|i i gi|ikxepi| oi ~|axbjjeúk hbo hb|bjma/ zb bzxilobjbk aloegijeakbz ~i|i xahi

~b|zaki cæzeji a `r|æheji yrb ~azbi cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Oi fiua| ~i|xb hb oiz

a|gikepijeakbz -bf~|bziz/ ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz%/ bk fiua| a fbka| fbhehi/

hez~akbk hb cejmb|az a lizbz hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz u bzxék aloegihiz io jrf~oefebkxa hb

oi ka|fixesi segbkxb bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

: Oi He|bjxesi 52!83 JB hbcekb bo xå|feka ehbkxecejilob jafa ‟xahi ~b|zaki jrui ehbkxehih ~rbhi hbxb|feki|zb he|bjxi a ekhe|bjxifbkxb/ bk ~i|xejroi| fbheikxb rk kðfb|a hb ehbkxecejijeúk a rka a si|eaz bobfbkxaz bz~bjæcejaz/ ji|ijxb|æzxejaz hb zr ehbkxehih cæzeji/ cezeaoúgeji/ ~zæyreji/ bjakúfeji/ jroxr|io a zajeio‖+




<+< J|akaoagæi hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk Bz~iùi

Oi ~|efb|i |bcb|bkjei zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oi ekxefehih ~b|zakio bk bo éflexa

ekca|féxeja hixi hbo iùa 957=+ Bo i|xæjroa 9=+8 hb oi Jakzxexrjeúk bz~iùaoi hez~akb yrb,oi obu oefexi|é bo rza hb oi ekca|féxeji ~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo maka| u oi ekxefehih ~b|zakio u

cifeoei| hb oaz jerhihikaz u bo ~obka b`b|jejea hb zrz hb|bjmaz ,+ Jak oi ekjorzeúk hb bzxb

i~i|xiha bk bo i|xæjroa 9=/ bo jakzxexrubkxb ui b|i jakzjebkxb hb oaz |ebzgaz yrb ~ah|æi

bkx|iùi| bo rza hb oi ekca|féxeji/ bkjafbkhikha io obgezoiha| oi i~|alijeúk hb ka|fiz

yrb gi|ikxepizbk jeb|xaz hb|bjmaz crkhifbkxiobz+ Irkyrb ka mijb fbkjeúk b}~oæjexi i

oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ åzxaz ca|fik ~i|xb hb oi ekxefehih hb oiz ~b|zakiz/ ~rbzxa

yrb ~b|xbkbjbk io éflexa féz ~|esiha hb oiz fezfiz+

Bk 955< i~i|bjb oi ~|efb|i Obu bz~iùaoi yrb |bgroi hb ca|fi bz~bjæceji oi jrbzxeúk hboaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Zb x|ixi hb oi Obu A|gékeji 2!5< hb \bgroijeúk hbo X|ixifebkxa

Irxafixepiha hb oaz Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio hb <3 hb Ajxrl|b -OA\XIH%/ u zr

al`bxesa bz ~|a~a|jeaki| jalb|xr|i i oa bzxilobjeha bk bo i|xæjroa 9=+8 hb oi Jakzxexrjeúk

bz~iùaoi+ Hb bzxb faha/ ~|bxbkhb hboefexi| rki krbsi c|akxb|i hb oi ekxefehih u hbo

maka| yrb ~|axbì i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz hb oi rxeoepijeúk fbjikepihi/ a|hbkihi u

hezj|efekihi hb oaz hixaz i booiz |bcb|bkxbz+ Zr éflexa hb i~oejijeúk zb je|jrkzj|elb i oaz

cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| irxafixepiha+ Oi OA\XIH jakzxexruú bo ~|efb| xb}xa obgio yrb bk

Bz~iùi |bgroi oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

Bo <8 hb Ajxrl|b hb 9552 zb hejxi oi He|bjxesi Br|a~bi 52!83 JB hbo î|oifbkxa Br|a~ba

u hbo Jakzbà |boixesi i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi io

x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Oi he|bjxesi xebkb jafa al`bxesa ~|axbgb| oaz hb|bjmaz u

oiz oelb|xihbz hb oiz ~b|zakiz bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi io x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz/

bzxilobjebkha ~|ekje~eaz hb a|ebkxijeúk ~i|i hbxb|feki| oi oejexrh hb hejma x|ixifebkxa+

Bz i cekiobz hb 9555 jrikha zb ~rloeji bk Bz~iùi oi Obu A|gékeji 92!9555/ hb 9: hb

hejebfl|b/ hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio -OA^H%/ yrb |bzrbosb bo sijæa

obgio b}ezxbkxb hbzhb 955< |bcb|bkxb i oaz cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| ka irxafixepiha/

if~oeikha bo éflexa hb i~oejijeúk i xaha xe~a hb cejmb|az/ ekhb~bkhebkxbfbkxb hboza~a|xb bk bo jréo zbik x|ixihaz+ Bzxi obu/ yrb hb|agi oi OA\XIH/ zb ihbjri i oa

bzxilobjeha bk oi He|bjxesi Br|a~bi 52!83 JB+

Oi OA^H xebkb ~a| al`bxa gi|ikxepi| u ~|axbgb|/ bk oa yrb jakjeb|kb io x|ixifebkxa hb

hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ oiz oelb|xihbz ~ðloejiz u oaz hb|bjmaz crkhifbkxiobz hb oiz ~b|zakiz

cæzejiz/ u bz~bjeiofbkxb zr maka| b ekxefehih ~b|zakio u cifeoei|+ Izæ/ gi|ikxepi rki zb|eb

hb hb|bjmaz i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz/ xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz/ xiobz jafa bo hb|bjma i zb|

ekca|fiha hb jrékha u ~a|yrå zb x|ixik zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ bo hb|bjma i ijjbhb| i oaz

hixaz u/ bk jiza kbjbzi|ea/ bo hb|bjma i oi fahecejijeúk a zr~|bzeúk hb oaz hixaz a bohb|bjma i oi a~azejeúk io x|ixifebkxa hb oaz fezfaz+ Hbo fezfa faha/ bzxilobjb oiz

aloegijeakbz |boixesiz i oi |bjagehi hb oaz hixaz/ jakzbkxefebkxa/ iofijbki`b/

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




jakzb|sijeúk/ rza/ hixaz bz~bjeiofbkxb ~|axbgehaz/ jafrkejijeúk a jbzeúk hb oaz

fezfaz u x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz+

Bzxi obu fi|ji bo ekejea hb rki krbsi bxi~i hbo hb|bjma hb ekxefehih hb oiz ~b|zakiz/

féz jaf~obxi u i`rzxihi i oi |bioehih hb jrioyreb| ~|bzbkxijeúk hb ekca|fijeúk zal|b oi

sehi ~|esihi hb rk ekhesehra+

Oi OA^H zb i~aui a~b|ixesifbkxb bk bo \bgoifbkxa hb Fbhehiz hb Zbgr|ehih -\FZ/

\bio Hbj|bxa 558!9555 hb Fbhehiz hb Zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb

jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb 99 hb @rkea hb 9555% jafa ekzx|rfbkxa ~i|i

cijeoexi| oaz fbjikezfaz ~|éjxejaz ~i|i jrf~oe| jak oiz ~|bzj|e~jeakbz bzxilobjehiz bk oi

OA^H+ Bo \FZ |bgroi oiz fbhehiz xåjkejiz u a|gikepixesiz yrb hblbk i~oeji|zb i oaz

zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk bk oaz jriobz zb x|ixbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb ca|fiirxafixepihi+

Oi Zbkxbkjei <5<!<>>> hbo X|elrkio Jakzxexrjeakio/ hb :> hb kasebfl|b/ fi|ji rk mexa bk

bo éflexa hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz io |bjagb| hb fikb|i b}~|bzi bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio

i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz jafa rk hb|bjma yrb zb hbz~|bkhb hbo i~i|xiha 8 hbo i|xæjroa

9= hb oi Jakzxexrjeúk Bz~iùaoi yrb/ ze lebk jaf~i|xb jak bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi

ekxefehih hbo i|xæjroa 9=+9 bo al`bxesa hb ac|bjb| rki bcejip ~|axbjjeúk jakzxexrjeakio hb oi

sehi ~|esihi ~b|zakio u cifeoei|/ ~b|zegrb rki cekioehih hezxekxi jafa bz gi|ikxepi| i oi

~b|zaki rk ~ahb| hb jakx|ao zal|b zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ zr rza u hbzxeka/ jak bo~|a~úzexa hb ef~bhe| zr x|éceja eoæjexa u obzesa ~i|i oi hegkehih u hb|bjma hbo icbjxiha+ Bz

hbje|/ bk se|xrh hb bzxi zbkxbkjei/ bo X|elrkio Jakzxexrjeakio hbcekb bo hb|bjma

crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jafa irxúkafa b

ekhb~bkhebkxb+

Cekiofbkxb/ i~i|bjb bo \bio Hbj|bxa 97<>!<>>7/ hb <9 hb Hejebfl|b/ ~a| bo yrb zb

i~|rbli bo \bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb

Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio -\HOA^H i~|aliha bk Jakzb`a hb Fekezx|az hb <9!9<!<>>7 u

~rloejiha bk bo Laobxæk Acejeio hbo Bzxiha -LAB% bo 95 hb Bkb|a hb <>>=%+ Bzxb|bgoifbkxa hb|agi io \FZ hb 9555 u hbzi||aooi hb ca|fi jaf~obxi oi Obu A|gékeji

92!9555 hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Kijb jak oi sajijeúk hb/ ka zúoa

hbzi||aooi| oaz fikhixaz jakxbkehaz bk oi OA^H/ bk ~i|xejroi|/ bk oa |boixesa i oiz

fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih u i oaz j|exb|eaz i~oejilobz i oaz cejmb|az u x|ixifebkxaz hb hixaz

~b|zakiobz ka irxafixepihaz/ zeka xifleåk hb haxi| hb jamb|bkjei i xahi oi |bgroijeúk

|bgoifbkxi|ei b}ezxbkxb mizxi oi cbjmi hb zr i~|alijeúk+ Xifleåk i~a|xi zbgr|ehih

`r|æheji g|ijeiz io hbzi||aooa hb iyrbooaz iz~bjxaz bk oaz yrb oi b}~b|ebkjei ~|éjxeji mi

ijakzb`iha rk fiua| g|iha hb ~|bjezeúk+ Bk gbkb|io/ bo |bgoifbkxa jakx|elrub i

jakzbgre| rki fiua| joi|ehih bk oi i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fi u i ihi~xi| zrz ~|bsezeakbz ioi |bioehih b}ezxbkxb bk oi ijxrioehih+ Oi OA^H bz xik gbkb|io/ u ~|bxbkhb i~oeji|zb i xio





rkesb|za hb zr~rbzxaz hezxekxaz/ yrb kbjbzexili hb rk |bgoifbkxa yrb oi hbzi||aooizb u

jakj|bxizb io fé}efa/ ihi~xékhaoi i oi |bioehih ijxrio u i zbjxa|bz fru hecb|bkxbz+

Bo |bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi OA^H jakxebkb krbsiz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oiz

bf~|bziz/ jafa zak oiz b}xbkzeakbz hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i oaz cejmb|az ka

irxafixepihaz/ oaz jifleaz hb kesbobz hb zbgr|ehih i~oejilobz i hezxekxiz xe~aoagæiz hb

hixaz a oiz x|ikzcb|bkjeiz hb hixaz bkx|b g|r~az ekxb|kijeakiobz hb bf~|bziz/ bkx|b

ax|iz+ Izæ/ bzxilobjb oiz ka|fiz/ fbhehiz/ ~|ajbhefebkxaz u fbjikezfaz yrb zb mik hb

iha~xi| aloegixa|eifbkxb ~i|i gi|ikxepi| oi zbgr|ehih |bz~bjxa i oaz cejmb|az

irxafixepihaz u ka irxafixepihaz/ oaz jbkx|az hb x|ixifebkxa/ oajiobz/ byre~az/

zezxbfiz/ ~|ag|ifiz u oiz ~b|zakiz yrb ekxb|sbkgik bk bo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

Bo ú|gika hb jakx|ao hbo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hbkx|a hbo

xb||exa|ea bz~iùao bz/ jak ji|éjxb| gbkb|io/ oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz

-IB^H%/ b}ezxebkha ax|iz igbkjeiz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| irxakúfeja ~i|i

oaz cejmb|az hb xexroi|ehih ~ðloeji bk oi Jafrkehih hb Fih|eh/ Jixiorùi u ^iæz Sizja+

Oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz bz rk bkxb hb Hb|bjma ~ðloeja/ jak

~b|zakioehih `r|æheji ~|a~ei u ~obki ji~ijehih ~ðloeji u ~|esihi/ yrb ijxði jak ~obki

ekhb~bkhbkjei hb oiz Ihfekezx|ijeakbz ^ðloejiz bk bo b`b|jejea hb zrz crkjeakbz+ Zr

fezeúk bz sboi| ~a|yrb zb gi|ikxejb bo hb|bjma hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ oa yrb zegkeceji|bjele| oiz hbkrkjeiz hb jrioyreb| jerhihika/ eksbzxegi|oiz u zikjeaki|oiz/ ze ja||bz~akhb+

Ihbféz/ i oi Igbkjei ob ja||bz~akhb izbza|i| i jerhihikaz u io jak`rkxa hb oiz

ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz zal|b júfa gi|ikxepi| bo hb|bjma+ Bk jakj|bxa/ oiz crkjeakbz

féz hbzxijihiz hb oi Igbkjei zak0

• Ekca|fi| zal|b bo jakxbkeha/ oaz ~|ekje~eaz u oiz gi|ikxæiz hbo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio

i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

• Iurhi| io jerhihika i b`b|jexi| zrz hb|bjmaz/ u i oaz |bz~akzilobz u bkji|gihaz

hb x|ixifebkxaz i jrf~oe| oiz aloegijeakbz yrb bzxilobjb oi OA^H+

• Xrxboi| io jerhihika bk bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/

jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk jrikha ka mik zeha ixbkhehaz ihbjrihifbkxb ~a| oaz

|bz~akzilobz hb oaz cejmb|az+

• Gi|ikxepi| bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ eksbzxegikha iyrbooiz ijxrijeakbz

hb oaz |bz~akzilobz a bkji|gihaz hb cejmb|az yrb ~rbhik zb| jakx|i|eiz i oaz

~|ekje~eaz u gi|ikxæiz jakxbkehaz bk oi OA^H/ b ef~akb|/ bk zr jiza/ oi

ja||bz~akhebkxb zikjeúk+





<+: Hb|bjma jaf~i|iha

Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz mi jal|iha féz crb|pi bk oaz ðoxefaz

xebf~az hbleha/ hb rk oiha/ io ekj|bfbkxa hbo rza u hbzi||aooa hb oiz xbjkaoagæiz hb oiekca|fijeúk u jafrkejijeúk/ u hb ax|a oiha/ i oi ~i|xejroi| sezeúk i kesbo frkheio hb oiz

bf~|bziz u a|gikepijeakbz hb jakzehb|i| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz jafa rk ijxesa féz hb

oiz fezfiz/ u ~a| xikxa/ zr`bxa i oiz hbjezeakbz hb kbgajea yrb bzxefbk féz

lbkbcejeaziz/ hikha orgi| i rk irfbkxa bk oi jafb|jeioepijeúk u x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz+

Bk oi ijxrioehih/ Br|a~i bz bo xb||exa|ea féz zbkzeleoepiha jak oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ u bk

jakzbjrbkjei/ ~|bzbkxi rk fiua| g|iha hb hbzi||aooa |bgroixa|ea c|bkxb i ax|az xb||exa|eaz

hakhb/ lebk b}ezxbk ekejeixesiz obgezoixesiz jak sajijeúk hb zb| ef~oikxihiz bk bo ja|xa a

fbhea ~oipa/ lebk ihaobjbk hb rki irzbkjei ilzaorxi hb |bgroijeúk+

Jak oi ~|afrogijeúk hb oi He|bjxesi 52!83!JB hbo î|oifbkxa Br|a~ba u hbo Jakzbà/ hb

<8 hb ajxrl|b hb 9552/ |boixesi i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi

io x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz u i oi oel|b je|jroijeúk hb bzxaz hixaz/ oi Rkeúk

Br|a~bi mi ekxbkxiha hi| rki zaorjeúk i kesbo jafrkexi|ea ~i|i gi|ikxepi| hb fikb|i bo

hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio u lrzji| bo byreoel|ea bkx|b oi

gi|ikxæi hbo hb|bjma u oi oel|b je|jroijeúk hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz+

Zek bfli|ga/ hbkx|a hbo éflexa jafrkexi|ea/ b}ezxbk hecb|bkjeiz bkx|b oiz hezxekxiz

obgezoijeakbz bk jrikxa i iz~bjxaz xiobz jafa oi kbjbzehih hb |bgezx|i| oaz cejmb|az hb

hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ oi b}ezxbkjei hb a|gikezfaz |bgroiha|bz/ bo |ågefbk zikjeakiha|/ oi

kbjbzehih hb jakzbkxefebkxa hb oaz xexroi|bz ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa u oi jbzeúk/ oi

jakcegr|ijeúk hb oiz aloegijeakbz yrb/ bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ zb hb|esik hb

oiz ~|bzxijeakbz hb zb|sejeaz yrb jaf~a|xik rk ijjbza i hixaz/ bxj+

â| b`bf~oa/ oaz |bgæfbkbz zikjeakiha|bz jakca|fik rka hb oaz iz~bjxaz bk oaz yrb zb

alzb|sik fiua|bz hecb|bkjeiz bkx|b oaz hezxekxaz bzxihaz febfl|az/ hb ca|fi yrb zb

~ah|æi bzxilobjb| rki joizecejijeúk zbgðk oi kixr|iobpi hb oiz zikjeakbz+ B}ezxbk/ bk bzxb

zbkxeha/ ~iæzbz bk oaz yrb oiz |bz~bjxesiz obgezoijeakbz i~oejilobz bk fixb|ei hb~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ ikxb rki bsbkxrio srokb|ijeúk hb oiz fezfiz/

zúoa jakxbf~oik zikjeakbz bjakúfejiz hb ji|éjxb| ihfekezx|ixesa/ jafa zb|æi bo jiza hb

Bz~iùi/ Låogeji/ \beka Rkeha u \rfikæi+

Hbkx|a hb bzxb ~|efb| g|r~a hb ~iæzbz oiz hecb|bkjeiz bk |boijeúk jak oaz ef~a|xbz hb oiz

zikjeakbz |bzroxik ooifixesiz/ b}ezxebkha ~iæzbz jafa Bz~iùi/ jak rka hb oaz ef~a|xbz

~a| zikjeakbz féz ioxaz -yrb ~rbhbk iojikpi| rk fé}efa hb 3>9+>9</9> ₯% c|bkxb i

~iæzbz jafa \beka Rkeha/ hakhb oi zikjeúk féz ioxi bz hb 98+>>< ₯+

â| ax|i ~i|xb/ zb ~rbhb hezxekgre| rk zbgrkha g|r~a hb ~iæzbz jafa â|xrgio/ Irzx|ei/

âoakei u C|ikjei hakhb oi srokb|ijeúk hb oiz obgezoijeakbz bz~bjæcejiz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb






hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ ihbféz hb zikjeakbz bjakúfejiz hb ji|éjxb| ihfekezx|ixesa/ ~rbhb

oobgi| i jaf~a|xi| ~bkiz ~|esixesiz hb oelb|xih/ yrb sik hbzhb 9 iùa -â|xrgio/ Irzx|ei%

mizxi 2 iùaz -C|ikjei%+ Bk C|ikjei/ ihbféz/ bz hakhb zb alzb|sik oiz zikjeakbzbjakúfejiz féz ioxiz hb xaha bo xb||exa|ea hb oi Rkeúk Br|a~bi -9+2>>+>>> ₯%+

Bk gbkb|io/ ~rbhb jakjore|zb yrb/ hbkx|a hb oaz ~iæzbz yrb jakca|fik bo xb||exa|ea hb oi

RB/ b}ezxbk obgezoijeakbz bz~bjæcejiz bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Zek bfli|ga/ oaz

bzxihaz heceb|bk bk jrikxa io g|iha hb hbzi||aooa u iojikjb hb oiz fezfiz/ ~rhebkha

hbzxiji|zb ~iæzbz jafa C|ikjei/ â|xrgio a Bz~iùi/ jak rki fiua| ~|bzeúk |bgroixa|ei+

Ka alzxikxb oa ikxb|ea|/ bo iojikjb hb oi he|bjxesi si féz iooé hbo xb||exa|ea yrb ekxbg|ik oaz

bzxihaz febfl|az/ ui yrb zb |bjagbk rki zb|eb hb |byrezexaz i oi ma|i hb x|ikzcb|e| hixaz

~b|zakiobz ~|asbkebkxbz hbo xb||exa|ea jafrkexi|ea i xb|jb|az ~iæzbz/ jafa jakzxexrub oib}egbkjei hb jakxi| jak rk kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk byre~i|ilob i oi paki RB/ ~rhebkha

oobgi|zb i jikjboi| oi x|ikzcb|bkjei ekxb|kijeakio hb hixaz+

Oiz ekzxexrjeakbz jafrkexi|eiz/ jakzjebkxbz hb zr ~i~bo jafa ~axbkjei ~aoæxeji u

bjakúfeji frkheio u hb oi ef~a|xikjei yrb oaz coràz x|ikzc|akxb|epaz hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz

xebkbk bk bo éflexa hbo jafb|jea ekxb|kijeakio/ mik oobsiha i jila ~aoæxejiz hb ~|afajeúk

hb oi jaoila|ijeúk jak xb|jb|az ~iæzbz bk oaz yrb ka b}ezxb rki sb|hihb|i jroxr|i hb

|bz~bxa io hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ zb mik zrzj|exa ijrb|haz jak ~iæzbz a g|r~az hb ~iæzbz bk oaz yrb zb

bzxilobjbk hez~azejeakbz hb jaa~b|ijeúk bk oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz io al`bxa

hb bobsi| bo kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk u bsexi| alzxéjroaz yrb hecejroxbk a~b|ijeakbz jafb|jeiobz

jak oaz fezfaz+ Hbzxiji/ bkx|b ax|iz ijxrijeakbz/ oi j|bijeúk ~a| ekejeixesi hb oi Igbkjei

Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb oi \bh Elb|aifb|ejiki hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ bk

`rkea hb <>>:+

Hbkx|a hbo jakxekbkxb ifb|ejika/ zb bkjrbkx|ik jizaz xik hez~i|bz jafa bo hb

I|gbkxeki/ hakhb zb mik |bioepiha ef~a|xikxbz bzcrb|paz |bgroixa|eaz/ oa yrb ob mi

~b|fexeha jaksb|xe|zb bk bo ~|efb| ~iæz oixekaifb|ejika io yrb oi Rkeúk Br|a~bi ob mi

|bjakajeha rk kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk ihbjriha/ u oaz hb L|izeo a Få}eja/ hakhb ka miu rki

obgezoijeúk bz~bjæceji bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

â| ðoxefa/ bo Br|ali|úfbx|a8 hb oi Jafezeúk br|a~bi hb cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ boila|iha i

~i|xe| hb a~ekeakbz hb bf~|bziz br|a~biz/ ikioepi rki zb|eb hb iz~bjxaz |boixesaz i oi

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Hb booaz zb hbz~|bkhb yrb bo =8" hb oiz bf~|bziz br|a~biz -bo

5=" hb oiz bz~iùaoiz% zak cisa|ilobz i rki fiua| i|fakepijeúk bk oiz fbhehiz hb

8 Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+




zbgr|ehih/ u yrb bo =>" -bo 53" bk bo jiza bz~iùao% ilagi ~a| rki fiua| rkeca|fehih

bkx|b oiz obgezoijeakbz hb oaz bzxihaz febfl|az bk oa yrb icbjxi i oi ka|fixesi zal|b


Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




: ALOEGIJEAKBZ Î\I OIZ ÛFBZ BK FIXB\EI HB

^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZBk se|xrh hb oaz hb|bjmaz yrb |bjakajb oi ka|fixesi bz~iùaoi i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz/

oiz ~ufbz bzxék aloegihiz i jrf~oe| jak oiz hez~azejeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi OA^H u

\HOA^H zebf~|b yrb hez~akgik hb cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ jak

ekhb~bkhbkjei hbo za~a|xb bk bo yrb zb bkjrbkx|bk -cejmb|az irxafixepihaz a ka

irxafixepihaz%+

Bo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio mi hb |bioepi|zb hb ijrb|ha jak oaz

~|ekje~eaz hb ekca|fijeúk/ jioehih/ cekioehih/ jakzbkxefebkxa u zbgr|ehih+ Hejmaz ~|ekje~eaz

zb ~oizfik bk hesb|zaz ~|bjb~xaz hb oi OA^H+

Oaz ~|ekje~eaz hb oi OA^H ~|bxbkhbk ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb oaz ekxb|bzihaz0

• Oaz hixaz hblbk x|ixi|zb hb fikb|i obio u oæjexi+

• Oaz hixaz hblbk |bjagb|zb jak cekbz hbxb|fekihaz/ b}~oæjexaz u obgæxefaz+ Oaz

hixaz hblbk zb| ihbjrihaz/ ~b|xekbkxbz u ka b}jbzesaz bk |boijeúk jak bo éflexa

u oaz cekbz ~i|i oaz yrb zb mik |bjageha+

• Oaz hixaz hblbk zb| b}ijxaz u fikxbkb|zb ijxrioepihaz hb fikb|i yrb|bz~akhik jak sb|ijehih i oi zexrijeúk ijxrio hb zr xexroi|+

• Oaz |bz~akzilobz hblbk ixbkhb| i oaz ekxb|bzihaz yrb zaoejexbk bo ijjbza i zrz

hixaz ~b|zakiobz+

• Oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz zúoa hblbk jakzb|si|zb hr|ikxb bo xebf~a kbjbzi|ea ~i|i

oiz cekioehihbz hbo x|ixifebkxa ~i|i bo yrb mik zeha |bjagehaz+ Hblbk zb|

jikjboihaz jrikha miuik hbìha hb zb| kbjbzi|eaz a ~b|xekbkxbz ~i|i bo cek jak

yrb zb alxrseb|ak+

Zb bkrfb|ik bk bzxb i~i|xiha oiz ~|ekje~iobz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oiz bf~|bziz yrb b}egb

oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Bkx|b ~i|åkxbzez zb ekjorub oi |bcb|bkjei

ka|fixesi hakhb zb |bjagb oi aloegijeúk/ ~i|i cijeoexi| zr jakzroxi u jakxb}xrioepijeúk+ Bk

bo i~i|xiha 8+< zb b}~oejik bk ~|acrkhehih oiz ef~oejijeakbz hb jihi aloegijeúk u zr kesbo

hb jakajefebkxa u!a jrf~oefebkxa ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz bf~|bziz+

9+ Hbjoi|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz/ ka irxafixepihaz a fe}xaz bk oi

Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+ -I|x+ :5 OA^H & Xæxroa S/ Ji~æxroa EE/ I|x+ 22

\HOA^H%+





<+ Ekca|fijeúk io ekxb|bziha zal|b oi |bjagehi hb hixaz+ -I|x+ 2 OA^H & Ji~æxroa EE

zbjjeúk < \HOA^H%+

:+ Zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz+ -I|x+ 3

OA^H & Ji~æxroa EE zbjjeúk 9 \HOA^H%+ Zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa ~i|i x|ixi|

hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih+ -I|x+ 9: OA^H%+

8+ Hbxb|fekijeúk hb oi cekioehih u hbcekejeúk hb oi jioehih hb oaz hixaz0 joizecejijeúk/

|bjoizecejijeúk -ze crbzb kbjbzi|ea%/ a|hbkijeúk u ig|r~ijeúk hb cejmb|az

irxafixepihaz u ka irxafixepihaz+ -I|x+ = OA^H & Xæxroa EE Ji~æxroa E \HOA^H%+

2+ Ekca|fijeúk io ekxb|bziha u gbzxeúk hb oi jafrkejijeúk a jbzeúk hb hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 99 OA^H ‚ I|x+ 9>/ 9</ 93 \HOA^H%+

3+ Gbzxeúk hb hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk -hb|bjmaz

I+\+J+A+% -Xæxroa EEE OA^H & Xæxroa EEE \HOA^H%+

7+ Gbzxeúk hbo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz

ekxb|kijeakiobz+ -Xæxroa S OA^H ‚ Xæxroa SE \HOA^H%+

=+ X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jak cekbz ~rloejexi|eaz u ~|az~bjjeúk

jafb|jeio+ -I|x+ :> OA^H ‚ Xæxroa ES/ Zbjjeúk </ Ji~æxroa EE%+

5+ Hbcekejeúk hbo bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa u bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a+ -I|x+ 9<

OA^H ‚ I|x+ 2/ <>/ =< \HOA^H%+

9>+ Gbzxeúk hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih i~oejilobz i oiz hezxekxiz xe~aoagæiz hb hixaz+

-Hez~azejeúk x|ikzexa|ei zbgrkhi/ Xæxroa SEEE \HOA^H%+

a Hbzi||aooa hbo hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih bk bo yrb jakzxbk oiz fbhehiz

xikxa xåjkejiz jafa a|gikepixesiz yrb gi|ikxejbk rk ihbjriha x|ixifebkxa

hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ == \HOA^H%+

a Hesrogijeúk hb oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih iha~xihiz i xaha bo ~b|zakio hb

oi bf~|bzi+ -I|x+ =5+< \HOA^H%+

a Jakx|ao hb ijjbza ~a| ~i|xb hb oaz rzri|eaz i oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 59/ 55 \HOA^H%+

a Hbcekejeúk hbo fbjikezfa hb ehbkxecejijeúk!irxbkxejijeúk hb oaz rzri|eaz

hbo zezxbfi+ -I|x+ 5: \HOA^H%+

a Gbzxeúk hb ja~eiz hb |bz~ioha u |bjr~b|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hbji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 58/ 9>< \HOA^H%+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




a Hbzi||aooa hbo |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz bk bo yrb jakzxb cbjmi/ ~azelob

faxesa u |bz~akzilob bk bo fafbkxa hb ajr||e| oiz ekjehbkjeiz |boixesiz i

hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 5>/ 9>> \HOA^H%+

a Gbzxeúk hb za~a|xbz u hajrfbkxaz+ -I|x+ 5</ 57/ 9>9 \HOA^H%+

a Hbcekejeúk hbo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih -I|x+52 \HOA^H%+

a Irhexa|æi lebkio zal|b oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ ekzxioijeakbz/ ~b|zakiz

u ~|ajbzaz jruaz cejmb|az zbik hbjoi|ihaz hb kesbo fbhea a ioxa+ -I|x+ 53/

99> \HOA^H%+

a J|exb|eaz hb i|jmesa ~i|i oi ja||bjxi jakzb|sijeúk u oajioepijeúk hbhajrfbkxaz yrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 9>3

\HOA^H%+

a Gbzxeúk hb ijjbzaz i oi hajrfbkxijeúk zúoa ~a| ~b|zakio irxa|epiha+ -I|x+

99: \HOA^H%+

a Hbcekejeúk hbo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb

jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x 9>5 \HOA^H%+

a Hbz~oebgrb hb fbhehiz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 9>7/ 999 \HOA^H%+

a Hbcekejeúk hb fbjikezfaz jakx|i oi ja~ei u |b~|ahrjjeúk ka irxa|epihi hb

cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+ -I|x+ 99< \HOA^H%+

Oi fiua| ~i|xb hb oiz aloegijeakbz jakxbf~oihiz bk oi ka|fixesi hblbk zb| jrf~oehiz

~a| bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz+

Bo |bz~akzilob hb rk cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa bz oi bkxehih yrb hbjehb zal|b oi cekioehih/ bo

jakxbkeha u bo rza hbo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Bz hbje|/ oi bf~|bzi zb|é oi|bz~akzilob hb oaz cejmb|az yrb jakxebkbk hixaz |boixesaz i zrz bf~obihaz u i zrz

joebkxbz/ u bo |bzxa hb cejmb|az yrb fikb`bk+ Zal|b bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a |bjibk oiz

~|ekje~iobz aloegijeakbz bzxilobjehiz ~a| oi OA^H u ob ja||bz~akhb sboi| ~a| bo

jrf~oefebkxa hb oi Obu bk zr a|gikepijeúk+

Izajeihi i oi cegr|i hbo |bz~akzilob bzxé oi cegr|i hbo bkji|giha/ yrb bz oi ~b|zaki a

bkxehih/ irxa|ehih ~ðloeji/ zb|sejea a jrioyreb| ax|a a|gikezfa yrb/ zaoa a jak ax|az/ x|ixb

hixaz ~a| jrbkxi hbo |bz~akzilob/ jafa jakzbjrbkjei hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki |boijeúk

`r|æheji yrb ob sekjroi jak bo fezfa u hboefexi bo éflexa hb zr ijxrijeúk ~i|i oi~|bzxijeúk hb rk zb|sejea+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




Zb x|ixi|æi/ ~a| b`bf~oa/ hb rki bf~|bzi yrb ~|bzxb zb|sejeaz ~i|i oi |bioepijeúk hb

bksæaz ~azxiobz4 bo ekca|féxeja i`bka i oi a|gikepijeúk hbo |bz~akzilob yrb |bioepi xi|biz

hb fikxbkefebkxa hb zacxwi|b a mi|hwi|b4 bo gbzxa| ihfekezx|ixesa yrb jakcbjjeakikúfekiz u gbzxeaki bo cejmb|a hb ~b|zakio‣ Ka zb jakzehb|i bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa i

oi ~b|zaki cæzeji yrb xbkgi ijjbza i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk zr jakhejeúk hb bf~obiha

hbkx|a hb oi |boijeúk oila|io yrb fikxebkb jak bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a+

Iflaz/ bkji|giha u |bz~akzilob hbo x|ixifebkxa/ ~rbhbk zb| zikjeakihaz hb ijrb|ha i

oi OA^H ze ekjrf~obk zrz aloegijeakbz+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




8 KESBO HB IHA^JEÚK HB OI KA\FIXESI ZAL\B

OI ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ BK OIZ ^UFBZZb ikioepi i jakxekrijeúk oi zexrijeúk hb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bk jrikxa i jrf~oefebkxa hb

oiz hez~azejeakbz obgiobz ~|bsezxiz bk oi OA^H u \HOA^H+

Oaz |bzroxihaz bzxihæzxejaz zal|b bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi bk fixb|ei hb

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz yrb zb frbzx|ik i jakxekrijeúk ja||bz~akhbk i oi ~i|xb jrikxexixesi

hb oaz x|ili`az hb eksbzxegijeúk hbo bzxrhea/ jaf~obfbkxihaz jak ekca|fijeúk |bjilihi

bk oi cizb jrioexixesi+ Xio u jafa zb mi b}~oejiha bk bo i~i|xiha 9+8/ oaz |bzroxihaz xebkbk

zr lizb bk a~ekeakbz u ~b|jb~jeakbz hb oiz bf~|bziz bkjrbzxihiz/ i b}jb~jeúk hb oi

ekca|fijeúk jakx|izxihi i x|isåz hbo \bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ yrb zbekheji|é b}~|bzifbkxb+

Jak bo al`bxesa hb cijeoexi| zr jaf~|bkzeúk bzxb ji~æxroa zb mi heseheha bk 8

zrli~i|xihaz0

• I~|a}efijeúk i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb+

• Jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi segbkxb+

• Jakjebkjeijeúk hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hbhixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

• Ekz~bjjeakbz/ hbkrkjeiz u zikjeakbz hb|esihiz hbo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi

ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

8+9 I~|a}efijeúk i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb

8+9+9 Jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

Bzxb i~i|xiha frbzx|i bo kesbo hb jakzjebkjei yrb xebkbk oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz zal|b oib}ezxbkjei hb rki ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ I oaz bcbjxaz hb bzxb bzxrhea/ zb mi

jakzehb|iha jakajefebkxa jafa rki kajeúk lézeji hb oaz iz~bjxaz yrb x|ixi xikxa oi Obu

jafa bo \bgoifbkxa+ Bo ikéoezez hb bzxb ~rkxa ka hbxb|feki bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa/

~b|a zæ bz rk ekhejea hb jrék b}xbkheha u gbkb|ioepiha bzxé bo jakajefebkxa hb oi

ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b oiz bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz+

Bo G|éceja 9 |bjagb bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi OA^H bkx|b oiz ~ukbz bz~iùaoiz0 zúoa

rk :8" hbjoi|i jakajb| oi b}ezxbkjei hb oi obu+ I~|bjeijeakbz jrioexixesiz hb oiz

bf~|bziz bkx|bsezxihiz zbùioik yrb bo jakajefebkxa ~i|xb hb ekca|fijeúk ac|bjehi ~a|

izajeijeakbz zbjxa|eiobz a Jéfi|iz hb Jafb|jea/ izæ jafa ~a| gbzxa|æiz+ Rk 33" hejb

hbzjakajb|oi ~a| jaf~obxa/ ekjorza hbz~råz hb milb|obz ijoi|iha l|bsbfbkxb zr a|egbk

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




b ef~oejijeakbz+ Bo ioxa kesbo hb hbzjakajefebkxa bz zækxafi hb ekjrf~oefebkxa -~i|bjb

oúgeja ~bkzi| yrb/ ze lebk jakajb| ka byresiob i jrf~oe|/ ka jakajb| zæ bz ekhejea hb ka

jrf~oe|%/ oa yrb ~|bajr~i xbkebkha bk jrbkxi oi cbjmi hb bkx|ihi bk sega| hb oi obu-hbzhb 9555%/ bo ji|éjxb| aloegixa|ea hb zrz hez~azejeakbz u oi b}ezxbkjei hb zikjeakbz

~|bsezxiz ikxb zr ekjrf~oefebkxa+

G|éceja 90 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi OA^H -"%

:8"

33"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Bo G|éceja < frbzx|i bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oiz bf~|bziz zal|b bo \HOA^H/ bk

sega| hbzhb bo 95 hb il|eo hb <>>=0 rk 98" hb oiz ~ufbz hbjoi|i jakajb| bo |bgoifbkxa/

febkx|iz yrb rk =2" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka jakajb| oi b}ezxbkjei ke ef~oejijeakbz

hbo fezfa+ Rk 9" frbzx|i ekjb|xehrfl|b+

Bo ioxa ~a|jbkxi`b hb hbzjakajefebkxa/ zr~b|ea| ekjorza io |bcb|eha i oi OA^H/ ~rbhb

hblb|zb i oi |bjebkxb bkx|ihi bk sega| hbo |bgoifbkxa/ yrb ~ah|æi ka milb| oobgiha iðk ioiz bf~|bziz i x|isåz hb kekgðk fbhea+






G|éceja <0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk bo \HOA^H -"%

98"

=2"

9"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

I oi sezxi hb oaz |bzroxihaz fazx|ihaz bk oaz haz ~|efb|az g|écejaz/ oi jakjorzeúk bz

joi|i0 oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rk lià kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ xikxa hb oi OA^H -:8"% jafa hbo |bjebkxb |bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa-98"%+

Bk bzxb ~rkxa/ zb mi jakzehb|iha jaksbkebkxb bzxilobjb| rki jaf~i|ijeúk bkx|b bo kesbo

hb jakajefebkxa fazx|iha ~a| oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi -ikioepiha ikxb|ea|fbkxb% u bo hbjoi|iha

~a| oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi/ hb rk oiha/ u oi bf~|bzi br|a~bi/ hb ax|a+ Izæ/ xio u jafa zb

|bjagb bk bo Li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ hb cbl|b|a hb <>>=2/ i oi ~|bgrkxi ±Zilb Rh+ ze b}ezxb

iogrki obu yrb ~|axbì oi ekxefehih ~b|zakio u cifeoei| hb oaz jerhihikaz jakx|i oaz

~azelobz ilrzaz yrb ~rbhik ~|ahrje|zb jak zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz1 oiz |bz~rbzxiz

crb|ak0 2</8" zæ b}ezxb/ 3/<" ka b}ezxb u 89/>" ka zilb ->+8" K+J+%+ Oi ~aloijeúk

bz~iùaoi bzxé féz jakjebkjeihi yrb bo jaobjxesa ~ufb ijb|ji hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb

ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

â| oa yrb |bz~bjxi i oi bf~|bzi br|a~bi -ka b}jorzesifbkxb ~ufb%/ oaz hixaz hbo

Br|ali|úfbx|a frbzx|ik yrb bo 23" hb oiz bf~|bziz hbjoi|ik zb| ‟bk jeb|xa faha

cifeoei|bz‖ jak oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz4 zúoa bo 9:" ekheji zb| ‟fru

2 JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%





cifeoei|‖ 4 u rk :>" ihfexb ‟ka zb| bk ilzaorxa cifeoei| ‖ jak oiz ~|asezeakbz hb oi obu+3+

Xifleåk bk bzxb jiza oi jakjorzeúk bz joi|i0 oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rk fbka|

jakajefebkxa zal|b oi ka|fixesi yrb oi bf~|bzi br|a~bi+

8+9+< Jakajefebkxa hb oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz

Oi ka|fixesi segbkxb zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hbzjikzi bk oi hecb|bkjeijeúk hb oaz

hixaz u oaz |byrezexaz hb zbkzeleoehih ~i|i zr kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk+ Bk jakzbjrbkjei zb

joizecejik oaz cejmb|az yrb oaz jakxebkbk bk cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa+ Bzxi

joizecejijeúk ef~oeji bo bzxilobjefebkxa hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih hb ji|éjxb| féz a

fbkaz b}egbkxb bk crkjeúk hb oi zbkzeleoehih hb oaz hixaz+ Bk bo i~i|xiha 8+<+99 zb

~|acrkhepi zal|b oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz u fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih i i~oeji| ~i|i jihi rka hb

oaz cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea a ioxa+

Bk jrioyreb| jiza/ zb mi jakzehb|iha yrb bo jakajefebkxa hb bzxi joizecejijeúk jakzxexrub

rk zækxafi hb oi jakjebkjeijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk hb oiz ÛFB zal|b oi ka|fixesi/ u ~a|

booa zb mi ekjoreha zr ikéoezez bk bo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea+

Rki jri|xi ~i|xb hb oiz ÛFB ice|fi jakajb| oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz hb kesbo lézeja/

fbhea u ioxa+ Bo kesbo hb ~b|jb~jeúk hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz/ |bz~bjxa hb oi joizecejijeúk hb

oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bz jeb|xifbkxb lià/ ~b|a jamb|bkxb jak oa bz~b|iha i oi

orp hbo jakajefebkxa hbjoi|iha hb oi ka|fixesi+





G|éceja :0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz bk kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa -"%

<3"

78"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+9+: B}ezxbkjei hb cejmb|az

Rki sbp ikioepihaz oaz hixaz zal|b bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi obu u bo |bgoifbkxa/ bo

bzxrhea |bcob`i bk bzxb i~i|xiha bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb fikb`ik cejmb|azirxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Hb bzxi ca|fi/ zb

ac|bjb rki sezeúk hbo ~a|jbkxi`b hb ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz icbjxihiz -a ~axbkjeiofbkxb

icbjxihiz% ~a| oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

Bo G|éceja 8 frbzx|i yrb hbo xaxio hb bkjrbzxihaz/ bo 53" hejb xbkb| hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio bk zrz zezxbfiz ekca|féxejaz u!a bk zrz i|jmesaz hb ~i~bo/ febkx|iz yrb ~a|

ax|a oiha rk 8" hejb ka xbkb| cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk kekgrki hb zrz

xe~aoagæiz+ Jize oi xaxioehih hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoi hez~akb hb cejmb|az jak hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+





G|éceja 80 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik hixaz

hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

53"

8"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Bk bo G|éceja 2 zb ikioepi bo kesbo hb ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz yrb hbjoi|ik hez~akb| hb cejmb|az

irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio0 rk 7=" hbo xaxio hb oaz bkjrbzxihazx|ili`i jak hejmaz cejmb|az+

G|éceja 20 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

-"%

7="

<<"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki := hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




Hb oi hecb|bkjei bkx|b iflaz g|écejaz/ zb ~rbhb jakjore| yrb b}ezxb rk 9=" hb oiz ~ufbz

bz~iùaoiz yrb xahisæi x|iliì b}jorzesifbkxb jak cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio bk ca|fixa ~i~bo+

Zb ikioepi bk bo G|éceja 3 oi xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az hb oaz yrb hez~akb jihi bf~|bzi+ Bo

xe~a hb cejmb|a irxafixepiha yrb féz ~|bzbkjei xebkb hbkx|a hb oiz bf~|bziz bz bo hb

joebkxbz -7<"%/ zbgreha hb oaz cejmb|az hb ~|asbbha|bz -29"% u kúfekiz -:>"%+ Jak

frjmi fbka| ~|bzbkjei/ oiz ~ufbz fbkjeakik cejmb|az hb jakxileoehih/ zbgr|ehih zajeio/

fbka|bz/ ijjehbkxbz hb x|ilià u ax|az+

G|éceja 30 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

:"

9"

9"

8"

2"

9="

:>"

29"

7<"

>" 9>" <>" :>" 8>" 2>" 3>" 7>" =>"

Ax|az

Ijjehbkxbz hb x|ilià

Hixaz hb Fbka|bz

Zbgr|ehih Zajeio

\bjr|zaz Mrfikaz

Jakxileoehih

Kúfekiz

^|asbbha|bz

Joebkxbz

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Hbkx|a hb bzxaz cejmb|az zb fikbìk hixaz hbo xe~a0 kafl|b -73"%/ he|bjjeúk -79"% u

xboåcaka -7>"% izæ jafa0 b&fieo -89"%/ HKE -8>"% u hixaz likji|eaz -89"%+ Zb x|ixi/ bk

zr fiua|æi/ hb hixaz jak rk kesbo hb zbgr|ehih lézeja/ i b}jb~jeúk hb oaz hixaz zal|bziorh -kesbo hb zbgr|ehih ioxa%+





G|éceja 70 Xe~aoagæi hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio fikbìhaz hbkx|a hb oaz cejmb|az

irxafixepihaz -"%

73"79" 7>"

89" 89" 8>"

:" <" 8"

>"

9>"

<>"

:>"

8>"

2>"

3>"

7>"

=>"

Kafl|b He|bjjeúk Xboåcaka Bfieo Hixaz

Likji|eaz

HKE Ziorh Zbgr|ehih

Zajeio

Ax|az

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+9+8 I~oejijeúk hb ~aoæxejiz hb zbgr|ehih

î|i bo ja||bjxa x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zb hblbk xbkb| bk jrbkxi~aoæxejiz bz~bjæcejiz hb zbgr|ehih yrb gi|ikxejbk oi ~|esijehih hb oaz fezfaz+ B`bf~oaz

hb bzxiz ~aoæxejiz zak bo bzxilobjefebkxa hb rk ~|ajbhefebkxa hb ioxiz/ liìz u

fahecejijeakbz hb rzri|eaz/ oi |bioepijeúk hb ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih/ oi gbzxeúk hb

ekjehbkxbz/ oi boila|ijeúk hb jakx|aobz hb ijjbza/ bxj+ Xahiz bzxiz ~aoæxejiz zb x|ihrjbk

bk rki zb|eb hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz u jakx|aobz yrb ca|fik ~i|xb hb oaz |byrb|efebkxaz ~i|i

ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u yrb zak |bjagehaz hbkx|a hbo \HOA^H

jafa fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih+ Bzxiz fbhehiz hblbk bzxi| bkgoalihiz hbkx|a hb rki

~aoæxeji yrb izbgr|b yrb zb jrf~oik u zb| hajrfbkxihiz bk bo ooifiha Hajrfbkxa hb

Zbgr|ehih/ hbo yrb zb x|ixi|é bk bo i~i|xiha 8+<+9>+

Bk jrikxa i oi i~oejijeúk hb bzxiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih bz~bjæcejiz ~i|i oaz hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio yrb hblb|æik xbkb| xikxa oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jafa ka

irxafixepihaz/ oaz |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz zb hbzxijik bk bo G|éceja =0 Oi jri|xi ~i|xb hb

oiz bf~|bziz hejb i~oeji| ~aoæxejiz bz~bjæcejiz hb zbgr|ehih i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk

za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja u bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+ Bo |bzroxiha bz ija|hb jak bo kesbo hb

jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi/ jakzehb|ikha yrb ka zb mi ~|bgrkxiha ~a| ~aoæxejiz hb

zbgr|ehih bk oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk bk gbkb|io/ zeka féz lebk bz~bjæcejaz hbo

x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+





Jakjorzeakbz hb oi cizb jrioexixesi frbzx|ik yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik xbkb|

ef~oikxihi iogrki ~aoæxeji hb zbgr|ehih/ jakzehb|ik yrb åzxi ~rbhb jakzezxe|/ ~a|

b`bf~oa/ bk xbkb| hbcekeha rk rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi ~i|i ijjbhb| io byre~a ekca|féxeja+ BoG|éceja = frbzx|i/ ~a| xikxa/ bo g|iha bk yrb oiz ~ufbz xebkbk oi zbkzijeúk hb i~oeji|

ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih bz~bjæceji i oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz4 bo kesbo bcbjxesa hb

ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih zb|é ikioepiha bk bo i~i|xiha 8+<+99+

G|éceja =0 I~oejijeúk hb iogrki ~aoæxeji a ka|fi hb zbgr|ehih |boixesi bz~bjæcejifbkxb i oaz

hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja u bk ~i~bo -"%

<2"

79"

8"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+< Jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi segbkxb

Bzxb i~i|xiha frbzx|i bo kesbo hb ihi~xijeúk hb oi ~ufb i oiz ~|ekje~iobz aloegijeakbz

~|bsezxiz bk oi OA^H u bo \HOA^H+ ^i|i jihi rki hb booiz zb b}~oeji l|bsbfbkxb bk

yrå jakzezxb oi aloegijeúk u oiz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oi bf~|bzi/ oaz i|xæjroaz hb oi obu a|bgoifbkxa hakhb zb |bjagb/ u oaz hixaz b}x|iæhaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi u!a

jrioexixesi yrb frbzx|ik bo g|iha hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz+

8+<+9 Hbjoi|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+

Oi aloegijeúk ~|ekje~io u ~rkxa hb ~i|xehi ~i|i oi ja||bjxi ihbjrijeúk u jrf~oefebkxa hb

oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz oi hbjoi|ijeúk ikxb bo \bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb

^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb xahaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz zrzjb~xelobz hb

x|ixifebkxa+ Bzxi aloegijeúk sebkb |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ <3 hb oi OA^H u bk bo Xæxroa S/

Ji~æxroa EE/ I|x+ 22 hbo \HOA^H4 i|xæjroaz yrb hez~akbk oi ca|fi hb kaxeceji| b ekzj|ele| oazcejmb|az bk bo |bgezx|a+





G|éceja 9>0 Bf~|bziz yrb bcbjxesifbkxb xebkbk hbjoi|ihaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -"%

93"

=8"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Oi hecb|bkjei hb <9 ~rkxaz ~a|jbkxriobz bkx|b ~b|jb~jeúk -G|éceja 5% u |bioehih -G|éceja

9>% ~rbhb hblb|zb i0

• Bo oi~za hb xebf~a yrb ~rbhb x|ikzjr||e| bkx|b bo ekejea hb oi zaoejexrh hb

hbjoi|ijeúk u oi cbjmi bcbjxesi hb |bgezx|a+ âh|æi hi|zb bo jiza hb bf~|bziz yrb

mik ekejeiha bo ~|ajbza hb hbjoi|ijeúk ~b|a åzxb ka zb mi jaf~obxiha+ Ka

alzxikxb/ ~i|bjb rk hbzcizb b}jbzesa -<9 ~rkxaz ~a|jbkxriobz% ~i|i `rzxeceji| bzxi

~azxr|i+

• Rki |bz~rbzxi jakhejeakihi hbo bf~|bzi|ea ikxb rk xbfi hboejiha0 zb x|ixi hb

rki ~|bgrkxi zal|b bo jrf~oefebkxa hb rki hez~azejeúk aloegixa|ei ~|bsezxi bk oi

obu jrua ekjrf~oefebkxa zb ~rbhb x|ihrje| bk rki zikjeúk+ Bz ~azelob yrb b}ezxijeb|xa zbzga bk oiz |bz~rbzxiz+

• Rk hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz yrb ~rbhb bzxi|

~|asajikha jakcrzeúk bk oiz |bz~rbzxiz hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz+

Bo mbjma hb yrb rk =8" hb oiz bf~|bziz bkjrbzxihiz ka xbkgi hbjoi|ihaz zrz cejmb|az

ikxb oi IB^H/ mijb sezorfl|i| rki jec|i bobsihi hb ekjrf~oefebkxa ~i|i bo xbèha

bf~|bzi|eio féz |bobsikxb hbo ~iæz+

Oiz jec|iz yrb fikbì oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz zal|b bo ~a|jbkxi`b

hb ~ufbz yrb mik hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az zak jamb|bkxbz jak oaz hixaz yrb zb frbzx|ik





G|éceja 990 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ~a| oi ~ufb ikxb oi IB^H -"%

=3"

33"

89"

97"

7":" :" :"

>"

9>"

<>"

:>"

8>"

2>"

3>"

7>"

=>"

5>"

9>>"

Joebkxbz ^|asbbha|bz Kúfekiz Jakxileoehih Zbgr|ehih

Zajeio

Hixaz hb

Fbka|bz

Ijjehbkxbz

hb x|ili`a

Ax|az

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Hb oiz ~ufbz yrb ice|fik xbkb| hbjoi|ihaz zrz cejmb|az bk oi IB^H/ bo 5>" hejb milb|

hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ rk <2" hb kesbo fbhea u zúoa rk 9:" cejmb|az hb kesbo

ioxa+ Bzxaz |bzroxihaz zak jakzezxbkxbz jak oaz fazx|ihaz bk bo G|éceja 7/ hakhb zbikioepilik oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik bk oaz cejmb|az hb oiz bf~|bziz+

\bja|hikha oiz jakjorzeakbz hb iyrbo g|éceja/ oaz hixaz féz milexriobz bk bo bkxa|ka

^UFB zak kafl|b/ he|bjjeúk/ xboåcaka/ b&fieo/ hixaz likji|eaz u HKE+ Xahaz booaz zak

hixaz hb kesbo lézeja+ Jafa zb ~rbhb i~|bjei|/ b}ezxb rk fækefa ~a|jbkxi`b hb

bf~|bziz yrb hejbk milb| hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa+





G|éceja 9:0 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb

ekca|fijeúk i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"%

<5"

35"

<"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb jrf~oefebkxa bz li`a/ u féz hb haz xb|jb|iz ~i|xbz hb oiz bf~|bziz

hbjoi|ik ka jrf~oe| jak bo hblb| hb ekca|fijeúk i oaz jerhihikaz+ Bkx|b oaz faxesaziobgihaz ~a| oiz ~ufbz ~i|i ka ekca|fi| i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz zal|b oi

ekja|~a|ijeúk i oaz fezfaz i rk cejmb|a hbzxiji oi jakzehb|ijeúk hb ekkbjbzi|ea+ Izæ/

|bzroxihaz hb oi cizb jrioexixesi jakce|fik yrb bzxé b}xbkhehi bkx|b oiz ~ufbz oi j|bbkjei

hb hi| ~a| mbjma yrb oi ~b|zaki yrb cijeoexi zrz hixaz hb ca|fi saorkxi|ei bzxé

izrfebkha ef~oæjexifbkxb zr ekja|~a|ijeúk i rk cejmb|a u rza ~azxb|ea|+

8+<+: Jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz+

Bo hblb| hb jakzbkxefebkxa ef~oeji oi aloegijeúk hb zaoejexi| bo jakzbkxefebkxa b}~oæjexa hb

oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz & ikxbz hb oi |bjagehi hb oaz fezfaz & ~i|i

~|ajbhb| io x|ixifebkxa+ Bo jakzbkxefebkxa zb hblb bzxilobjb| fbheikxb rk fbjikezfa

joi|a jrui a~jeúk hb |bjagehi ka bzxå sioehihi ~a| hbcbjxa+

Bo i|x+ 3 hb oi OA^H u bo ji~æxroa EE zbjjeúk 9 hbo \HOA^H bzxilobjbk oi ka|fixesi ~i|i

|bjili| bo jakzbkxefebkxa hb oaz icbjxihaz ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio+ Bo G|éceja 98 b}~akb bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb zaoejexik hejma

jakzbkxefebkxa hb ijrb|ha i oi obu0 Hb ca|fi jamb|bkxb jak oiz bf~|bziz yrb jrf~obk

bo hblb| hb ekca|fijeúk/ ~aja féz hb oi jri|xi ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz hejbk zaoejexi|

jakzbkxefebkxa/ ekca|fikha i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz zal|b bo x|ixifebkxa a zb|eb hb

x|ixifebkxaz jakj|bxaz/ jak hboefexijeúk hb oi cekioehih ~i|i oaz yrb zb |bjili/ izæ jafahb oiz |bzxikxbz jakhejeakbz yrb jakjr||ik bk bo x|ixifebkxa a zb|eb hb x|ixifebkxaz+





G|éceja 980 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb

zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"%

<5"

7>"

9"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Ihbféz/ jak |bz~bjxa i oi |bjagehi hbo jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa

hb zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ bo I|xæjroa 9: hbo \HOA^H x|ixi rki zb|eb hb aloegijeakbz uka|fixesiz |bcb|ehiz b}jorzesifbkxb i oaz hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih+ Oi fbkjeúk yrb zb

mijb i bzxb xe~a hb hixaz bz rki fb`a|i ekx|ahrjehi bk bo \HOA^H ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb

hejmaz hixaz |bz~bjxa i oi ka|fixesi ikxb|ea| io |bgoifbkxa+

Jafa |bgoi gbkb|io/ zb ~|amælb |bjili| a x|ixi| hixaz hb fbka|bz hb jixa|jb iùaz zek bo

jakzbkxefebkxa hb zrz ~ih|bz+ Ze zb x|ixi hb fiua|bz hb 98 iùaz/ ~ah|é ~|ajbhb|zb io

x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz zek kbjbzehih hbo jakzbkxefebkxa ~ixb|ka/ ~b|a zæ jak bo

jakzbkxefebkxa ~|a~ea/ ziosa bk iyrbooaz jizaz bk oaz yrb oi obu b}e`i ~i|i zr ~|bzxijeúk

oi izezxbkjei hb oaz xexroi|bz hb oi ~ix|ei ~axbzxih a xrxboi+

Bk kekgðk jiza ~ah|ék |bjili|zb hb oaz fbka|bz hixaz yrb ~b|fexik alxbkb|

ekca|fijeúk zal|b oaz hbféz febfl|az hbo g|r~a cifeoei|/ a zal|b oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hbo

fezfa/ jafa oaz hixaz |boixesaz i oi ijxesehih ~|acbzeakio hb oaz ~|agbkexa|bz/

ekca|fijeúk bjakúfeji/ hixaz zajeaoúgejaz a jriobzyreb|i ax|az/ zek bo jakzbkxefebkxa hb

oaz xexroi|bz hb xiobz hixaz+ Ka alzxikxb/ ~ah|ék |bjili|zb oaz hixaz hb ehbkxehih u

he|bjjeúk hbo ~ih|b/ fih|b a xrxa| jak oi ðkeji cekioehih hb |bjili| oi irxa|epijeúk

~|bsezxi bk bo i~i|xiha ikxb|ea|+

Bo G|éceja 92 frbzx|i yrb rk 5" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz |bjagb hixaz hb fbka|bz hb 98iùaz hb bhih+ Bk oi cizb jrioexixesi/ iogrkiz hb bzxiz bf~|bziz fazx|i|ak/ ~a| oa

gbkb|io/ rki ja||bjxi |bjagehi hb oaz hixaz hb fbka|bz+ Bzxiz ~ufbz ice|fik zaoejexi| oi





irxa|epijeúk i oaz ~ih|bz/ i oi sbp yrb zb obz ekca|fi zal|b oi |bjagehi hb oaz fezfaz+

Izbgr|ik yrb zek jakzbkxefebkxa b}~|bza u hbfazx|ilob hb oaz ~ih|bz -~+b ce|fi/ ja~ei

HKE%/ oaz hixaz hb fbka|bz ka ~rbhbk zb| |bjagehaz ~a| iyrbooiz bf~|bziz yrb x|ixikjak bzxb xe~a bz~bjeio hb hixaz+

Bk jakjorzeúk/ b}ezxb rk lià kesbo hb bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz icbjxihiz ~a| oi aloegijeúk/

ui yrb ~ajiz |bjagbk hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih/ ka alzxikxb/ oiz bf~|bziz yrb hejbk

fikbì| bzxb xe~a hb hixaz hbfrbzx|ik ~azbb| fiua| zbkzeleoehih jak |bz~bjxa i oi


G|éceja 920 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bjagbk hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih -"%

5"

59"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+<+8 Jioehih hb oaz hixaz+

Oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz b}egb hbxb|feki| oi jioehih hb oaz fezfaz jak bo cek

hb joizeceji|/ |bjoizeceji| -ze crbzb kbjbzi|ea%/ a|hbki| u ig|r~i| oaz hixaz/ ui zbi bk

cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz+ Oi aloegijeúk hb hez~akb| hb hixaz

zebf~|b ijxrioepihaz zb bkjrbkx|i hbxiooihi bk bo i|x+ = hb oi OA^H u bk bo Xæxroa EE

Ji~æxroa E hbo \HOA^H+

Oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zb|ék b}ijxaz u ~rbzxaz io hæi hb ca|fi yrb |bz~akhik

jak sb|ijehih i oi zexrijeúk ijxrio hbo icbjxiha+ Ze oaz hixaz crb|ik |bjagehaz

he|bjxifbkxb hbo icbjxiha/ zb jakzehb|i|ék b}ijxaz oaz cijeoexihaz ~a| åzxb+

Bo G|éceja 93 frbzx|i yrb rk 7>" hb oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz kahez~akb hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i xbkb| oaz hixaz ijxrioepihaz/ ke jakx|aobz b}mirzxesaz

~i|i xbkb|oaz jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz+





G|éceja 930 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb fikxebkbk oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz

jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz -"%

<="

7>"

<"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+<+2 Jbzeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

Zb bkxebkhb ~a| jbzeúk hb hixaz xahi |bsboijeúk hb hixaz |bioepihi i rki ~b|zaki cæzejia `r|æheji hezxekxi hbo ekxb|bziha+ Oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio al`bxa hbo x|ixifebkxa

zúoa ~ah|ék zb| jafrkejihaz i rk xb|jb|a ~i|i bo jrf~oefebkxa hb cekbz he|bjxifbkxb

|boijeakihaz jak oiz crkjeakbz obgæxefiz hbo jbhbkxb u hbo jbzeaki|ea/ u lià bo ~|bsea

jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha+ Bzxi hez~azejeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 99 hb oi OA^H u

bk bo I|x+ 9> hbo \HOA^H+

Bo G|éceja 97 ac|bjb rki ~b|z~bjxesi |bz~bjxa hb oiz jbzeakbz a jafrkejijeakbz hb hixaz

yrb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ice|fik |bioepi|0 oi fiua|æi hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz -=5"% ka jbhb

hixaz ~b|zakiobz i xb|jb|az/ febkx|iz yrb rk =" zæ oa mijb+

Bk gbkb|io/ oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik |bioepi| jbzeúk hb hixaz i ax|iz bf~|bziz mik

fazx|iha/ bk oi cizb jrioexixesi/ rki xbkhbkjei i ekca|fi| i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz

hb oaz hixaz zal|b oi cekioehih hbo cejmb|a/ oi kixr|iobpi hb oaz hixaz yrb mik zeha jbhehaz

izæ jafa xifleåk bo kafl|b u oi he|bjjeúk hbo jbzeaki|ea+ Zb x|ixi hb rk jaf~a|xifebkxa

zefeoi| io ikioepiha bk bo G|éceja 92 |bcb|eha i oiz bf~|bziz yrb |bjagbk hixaz hb

fbka|bz+ î|bjb yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb oobsik i jila ijxrijeakbz bz~bjeiobz -|bjagehi

hb hixaz hb fbka|bz/ jbzeúk hb hixaz i xb|jb|az% frbzx|ik rki fiua| zbkzeleoehih io

jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+





G|éceja 970 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb jbhbk hixaz ~b|zakiobz i ax|iz

bf~|bziz -"%

="

=5"

:"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+<+3 X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz jbhehaz ~a| rk xb|jb|a+

Bz milexrio bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb yrb zb zrljakx|ixbk zb|sejeaz jak xb|jb|iz bf~|bzizxiobz jafa b}xb|kioepijeúk hb gbzxeúk hb oiz kúfekiz/ ef~|bzeúk hb x|iliàz bk

ef~|bkxiz/ ~|ajbzaz cezjiobz a jakxilobz/ zb|sejeaz hb fikxbkefebkxa ekca|féxeja/ bxj+

Jrikha oi ~ufb zrljakx|ixi rk zb|sejea jak rk xb|jb|a/ zb hblb sioa|i| ze bzxb xb|jb|a

~rbhb jakzehb|i|zb bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa -xio u jafa zb b}~oejili bk bo i~i|xiha :

io ikioepi| oaz zr`bxaz icbjxihaz ~a| oiz aloegijeakbz%+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ zb xebkb yrb

gi|ikxepi| yrb bo bkji|giha hb x|ixifebkxa |bioejb rk x|ixifebkxa ihbjriha hb oaz hixaz

hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ rxeoepikha oaz hixaz ðkejifbkxb ~i|i oi cekioehih ~i|i oi jrio miuik

zeha hbzegkihaz u zebkha ðkejifbkxb åo |bz~akzilob hb oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz yrb ~ah|æik

a|egeki|zb bk jiza hb hbzxeki| oaz hixaz i ax|i cekioehih hezxekxi i oi ekejeiofbkxb

bzxilobjehi+

â| ax|i ~i|xb/ ~i|i bo ja||bjxa x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz jbhehaz ~a| rk xb|jb|a/ bz

kbjbzi|ea ekca|fi| i oi ~b|zaki cæzeji ijb|ji hb húkhb zb alxrseb|ak oaz fezfaz+ â|

b`bf~oa/ bk bo jiza hb yrb zb |bjaìk hixaz hb lizbz hb hixaz ~ðloejiz -|bgezx|a

fb|jikxeo/ ~égekiz loikjiz/ ~égekiz ifi|eooiz/ bxj+%+ Oaz i|xæjroaz 3/ 99/ 9</ u <> hb oi

OA^H bkx|b ax|az u oaz i|xæjroaz 9>/ <>/ <9/ 8</ 82/ 83 u 87 hbo \HOA^H bkx|b ax|az/

bzxilobjbk oi ka|fixesi bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi io fikbà hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~a|

rk xb|jb|a/ u hb fikb|i bz~bjæceji bk bo i|xæjroa <> u <9 hbo \HOA^H bk oa jakjb|kebkxb





i oiz |boijeakbz bkx|b bo bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa u bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a/ -hb yrebk

zb miloi|é bk bo ji~æxroa 8+<+99% ze bz yrb oa mrleb|i+

Bzxi ijjeúk hb x|ixifebkxa ~a| jrbkxi hb xb|jb|az xebkb yrb bzxi| |bgroihi ~a| rk

jakx|ixa hakhb hblb|é jakzxi| ~a| bzj|exa oi ij|bhexijeúk hb zr jbobl|ijeúk u jakxbkeha/

bzxilobjeåkhazb b}~|bzifbkxb yrb bo bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa x|ixi|é oaz hixaz

jakca|fb i oiz ekzx|rjjeakbz hbo |bz~akzilob hbo x|ixifebkxa/ yrb ka oaz i~oeji|é a

rxeoepi|é jak cek hezxekxa io yrb cegr|b bk hejma jakx|ixa/ ke oaz jafrkeji|é/ ke zeyreb|i ~i|i

zr jakzb|sijeúk/ i ax|iz ~b|zakiz+

Bo G|éceja 9= frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb |bjilik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

~a| fbhea hb xb|jb|az0 rk 7>" hb bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka |bjili| hixaz ~a| fbhea hb

xb|jb|az+ ^a| bo jakx|i|ea bkx|b bo <:" yrb zæ |bjagb hixaz ~b|zakiobz ~a| fbhea hbxb|jb|az/ zb hezxekgrb rk 9>" yrb ka ekca|fi io xexroi| u rk 9:" yrb zæ ekca|fi io xexroi|

hb bzxi ijjeúk+

G|éceja 9=0 ^ufbz yrb |bjilik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~a| fbhea hb xb|jb|az u |bioepik

zr ~azxb|ea| hbjoi|ijeúk hb alxbkjeúk io xexroi| -"%

7>"

9>"

9:"

7"

<:"

Ka Zæ -zek ekca|fijeúk% Zæ -jak ekca|fijeúk% KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Jakxekrikha bk bzxi oækbi/ zb mi ehbkxecejiha bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik iùiheha

bk zrz jakx|ixaz hb zb|sejeaz jak xb|jb|az joérzroiz yrb fikecebzxbk oi ~|esijehih u

jakcehbkjeioehih hb oaz hixaz+

Bo G|éceja 95 frbzx|i yrb rk :<" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ekjorubk joérzroiz hbjakcehbkjeioehih u ~|esijehih hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk zrz jakx|ixaz hb

zb|sejeaz/ febkx|iz yrb rk 27" ka ekja|~a|i bzxb xe~a hb joérzroiz+





G|éceja <>0 ^ufbz yrb ijjbhbk i cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb ax|iz bf~|bziz ~i|i oi

~|bzxijeúk hb zb|sejeaz -"%

9"

5="

9"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+<+7 Hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+

Rka hb oaz ~rkxaz joisb hb oi OA^H sebkb jakzxexreha ~a| oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/|bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk -jakajehaz jafa hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+%/ |bjakajehaz

i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz+ Jafa jakx|i~i|xehi hb bzxaz hb|bjmaz/ yrb zb b}~oeji|ék i

jakxekrijeúk/ oi obu jakxbf~oi oi aloegijeúk hbo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa hb

ixbkhb| u cijeoexi| bo b`b|jejea hb bzxaz hb|bjmaz i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz+ Oi ca|fi hb

b}~azejeúk hb oaz hb|bjmaz jakxbf~oi bzxi halob sb|xebkxb4 hb rk oiha zb b}~akbk oaz

hb|bjmaz yrb oi obu jakjbhb i oaz jerhihikaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ u hb ax|a/

oiz aloegijeakbz yrb oaz |bz~akzilobz hbo cejmb|a -oiz ~ufbz/ i oaz bcbjxaz hbo bzxrhea%

hblbk jrf~oe|+

Ijjbza

Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bk se|xrh hbo hb|bjma hb ijjbza/ |bgroiha bk bo i|x+ 92 hb

oi OA^H/ bo jerhihika ~rbhb zaoejexi| u alxbkb| g|ixrexifbkxb ekca|fijeúk zal|b zrz

hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zafbxehaz i x|ixifebkxa/ izæ jafa bo a|egbk hb hejmaz hixaz u

oiz jafrkejijeakbz |bioepihiz a yrb zb ~|bsbik |bioepi|+

Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 ~a| zr ~i|xb/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb yrb

|bzaosb| oi zaoejexrh hb ijjbza bk bo ~oipa fé}efa hb rk fbz i jakxi| hbzhb oi cbjmi bk

yrb miui |bjeleha oi zaoejexrh+ Bk jiza hb bzxefi| oi zaoejexrh/ bo ijjbza hblb mijb|zbbcbjxesa bk bo ~oipa hb oaz hebp hæiz zegrebkxbz i oi kaxecejijeúk+ Oi aloegijeúk hb

jakxbzxi| i oi zaoejexrh mi hb ~|ahrje|zb jak ekhb~bkhbkjei hb yrb cegr|bk a ka hixaz





~b|zakiobz hbo jerhihika bk zrz cejmb|az+ Oi jakxbzxijeúk io hb|bjma hb ijjbza mi hb

~|ijxeji|zb rxeoepikha jrioyreb| fbhea yrb ~b|fexi ij|bhexi| bo bksæa u oi |bjb~jeúk hb oi

fezfi+

\bjxecejijeúk

Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bo i|x+ 93 hb oi OA^H |bjakajb io jerhihika bo hb|bjma i

he|ege|zb io |bz~akzilob hb rk cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa ~i|i yrb |bjxeceyrb zrz hixaz

~b|zakiobz/ bk bo jiza hb yrb åzxaz zbik ekb}ijxaz a ekjaf~obxaz+ Oi zaoejexrh hb

|bjxecejijeúk hblb ekheji| bo hixa yrb zb bzxefi b||úkba u oi ja||bjjeúk yrb hblb

|bioepi|zb u hblb e| ijaf~iùihi hb oi hajrfbkxijeúk `rzxecejixesi hb oi |bjxecejijeúk

zaoejexihi+

Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb bo hblb| hb

ixbkhb| bo hb|bjma hb |bjxecejijeúk bk bo ~oipa hb hebp hæiz kixr|iobz+ Hblb|é jakxbzxi|

hb ca|fi faxesihi i oi zaoejexrh yrb zb ob he|e`i/ hblebkha rxeoepi| jrioyreb| fbhea yrb

~b|fexi ij|bhexi| bo bksæa u oi |bjb~jeúk hb zr |bz~rbzxi+ Izefezfa/ ze oaz hixaz

|bjxecejihaz mrleb|ik zeha jbhehaz ~|bseifbkxb i rk xb|jb|a/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a

xebkb oi aloegijeúk hb kaxeceji| io jbzeaki|ea oi |bjxecejijeúk ~|ijxejihi+

Jikjboijeúk

Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bzxb hb|bjma/ |bgroiha bk bo i|x+ 93 hb oi OA^H/ ac|bjb

io jerhihika oi ~azeleoehih hb he|ege|zb io |bz~akzilob ~i|i zaoejexi| oi jikjboijeúk hb zrz

hixaz ~b|zakiobz+

Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb oi aloegijeúk hb

mijb| bcbjxesa bo hb|bjma hb jikjboijeúk bk bo ~oipa hb hebp hæiz kixr|iobz+ Hblb|é

jakxbzxi| hb ca|fi faxesihi i oi zaoejexrh yrb zb ob he|e`i/ hblebkha rxeoepi| jrioyreb|

fbhea yrb ~b|fexi ij|bhexi| bo bksæa u oi |bjb~jeúk hb zr |bz~rbzxi+ Egriofbkxb/ ze oaz

hixaz jikjboihaz mrleb|ik zeha jbhehaz ~|bseifbkxb i rk xb|jb|a/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo

cejmb|a hblb|é kaxeceji| io jbzeaki|ea oi jikjboijeúk bcbjxrihi+

A~azejeúk

Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bo jerhihika ~rbhb a~akb|zb/ fbheikxb zr zef~ob

zaoejexrh/ i yrb zrz hixaz zbik x|ixihaz jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih u hb ~|az~bjjeúk

jafb|jeio+ Bzxb hb|bjma hb a~azejeúk zb bkjrbkx|i |bgroiha bk oaz i|xz+ 3+8/ 97 u :>+8 hb

oi OA^H+ Zb b`b|jexi fbheikxb rki zaoejexrh ~a| bzj|exa he|egehi io |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a

a x|ixifebkxa/ bk oi yrb zb migik jakzxi| oaz faxesaz crkhihaz u obgæxefaz |boixesaz i

rki jakj|bxi zexrijeúk ~b|zakio hbo icbjxiha/ yrb `rzxecejik bo b`b|jejea hb bzxb hb|bjma+





Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb rk ~oipa fé}efa

hb rk fbz i jakxi| hbzhb oi |bjb~jeúk hb oi ~bxejeúk/ ~i|i |bzaosb| oi zaoejexrh hb

a~azejeúk+ Ze x|ikzjr||eha bzxb ~oipa ka zb mi |bjeleha hb ca|fi b}~|bzi rki |bz~rbzxi ioi ~bxejeúk hb ijjbza/ åzxi ~rbhb bkxbkhb|zb hbzbzxefihi i oaz bcbjxaz hb ~|bzbkxi| rki

|bjoifijeúk hb xrxboi hb hb|bjmaz ikxb oi IB^H+ Bk bo jiza hb yrb zbi ~|ajbhbkxb

ijjbhb| i oi a~azejeúk/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a mi hb b}jore| hbo x|ixifebkxa oaz hixaz

hbo jerhihika zaoejexikxb+ Bk |boijeúk i oaz x|ixifebkxaz hb hixaz jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih

u hb ~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio/ oaz jerhihikaz ~rbhbk b`b|jb| bo hb|bjma hb a~azejeúk u/ i

zr zef~ob zaoejexrh/ bo |bz~akzilob mi hb hi| hb li`i zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk bo

x|ixifebkxa/ jikjboikha hb bzxb faha oiz ekca|fijeakbz yrb cegr|ilik bk bo fezfa+

Bk |bzrfbk/ b}ezxb oi aloegijeúk ~i|i oiz ~ufbz hb bzxilobjb| iogðk fbjikezfa g|ixrexa

fbheikxb bo jrio oaz icbjxihaz ~rbhik b`b|jexi| oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/

jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ zb hblb cijeoexi| io ekxb|bziha rk fbhea zbkjeooa

u g|ixrexa ~i|i fikecbzxi| zr kbgixesi io x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz+ Bk ~i|xejroi| zb

hbzxijik oaz zegrebkxbz fbheaz0

• Bksæa ~|bc|ikyrbiha io |bz~akzilob hbo x|ixifebkxa+

• Ooifihi i rk kðfb|a xbobcúkeja g|ixrexa+

• Zb|sejeaz hb ixbkjeúk io ~ðloeja yrb zb miuik bzxilobjeha+

Bo G|éceja <9 frbzx|i yrb zúoa rk <>" hb oiz bf~|bziz mik bzxilobjeha ~|ajbhefebkxaz

~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ ~a| oaz ~i|xejroi|bz+





G|éceja <90 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb

bzxilobjefebkxa hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i yrb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz

~rbhik b`b|jb| oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ -"%

<>"

75"

9"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz fbkjeakihaz ~a| bo <>" yrb hbjoi|i milb|oaz bzxilobjeha zak oazzegrebkxbz -kúxbzb yrb bk bzxb jiza oi lizb bz fru ~byrbùi/ zúoa :5 bf~|bziz/ ~a| oa

yrb oaz hixaz yrb zb frbzx|ik i jakxekrijeúk mik hb zb| xafihaz jak jirxboi%0

• B&fieo0 <="+

• Ja||ba a|heki|ea0 <:"+

• ^égeki wbl0 bk rk 2"+

•

Ax|az0 88"/ ekjorubkha bk iogðk jiza ~|ajbhefebkxaz sb|liobz ka séoehaz/ oa yrb~ah|æi zr~akb| rk ekhejea hb yrb bo kesbo |bio hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi aloegijeúk hb

hez~akb| hb rk ~|ajbhefebkxa yrb ~b|fexi i oaz ekxb|bzihaz b`b|jexi| oaz hb|bjmaz

I+\+J+A+ bz ekcb|ea| io <>"+

Bk oi cizb hb eksbzxegijeúk jrioexixesi zb ~|acrkhepú bk oaz jizaz hb ~ufbz jak

~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ i oaz jerhihikaz u

zb hbxbjxú yrb/ bk gbkb|io/ bzxaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz ka zrbobk bzxi| hbcekehaz

hajrfbkxiofbkxb/ u zb zrbobk gbzxeaki| jak rk ef~a|xikxb fi|gbk hb ef~|asezijeúk+

Bo |bhrjeha kesbo hb ihi~xijeúk i bzxb ~rkxa frbzx|i/ rki sbp féz/ rk oefexihajrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi+ Bk bo

jiza ~i|xejroi| hb oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+/ ihbféz/ ~rbhb jakzxexre| faxesa hb hbkrkjei+






Izæ/ bo jerhihika io yrb ob miui zeha hbkbgiha bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/

|bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk r a~azejeúk/ ~rbhb ~akb|oa bk jakajefebkxa hb oi IB^H ~i|i

yrb åzxi sb|eceyrb oi ~|ajbhbkjei a ef~|ajbhbkjei hb oi hbkbgijeúk/ ~rhebkha hi| orgi|oaz mbjmaz jakzxixihaz i oi ekejeijeúk hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz zikjeakiha|bz+

Jaf~i|ikha oi |bioehih hb oi bf~|bzi jak oi hb oi zajebhih bk gbkb|io/ bz |bobsikxb

i~rkxi| oaz hixaz hbo JEZ ja||bz~akhebkxbz io Li|úfbx|a hb cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ hakhb zb

frbzx|i zúoa rk <</9" hb oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi mi zaoejexiha bk iogrki ajizeúk yrb

la||bk a jikjbobk zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb iogðk |bgezx|a -fbheikxb bo xboåcaka/ Ekxb|kbx a

ja||ba%+ Bo 73/9" krkji oa mi zaoejexiha+ Ihbféz/ bo 2</7" hb oaz yrb mik jikjboiha

iogrki sbp zrz hixaz oa bkjakx|i|ak hecæjeo a fru hecæjeo7+

Zbgðk bo Br|ali|úfbx|a= jize oi fexih hb oaz bkx|bsezxihaz |bz~akzilobz hb oi ~|axbjjeúkhb hixaz bk zr bf~|bzi -83"% ekheji|ak yrb zr jaf~iùæi milæi |bjeleha zaoejexrhbz hb

ijjbza i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hr|ikxb bo ðoxefa iùa+ Ioga fbkaz hb jrix|a hb jihi 9>

bkjrbzxihaz -:7"% ekca|fi|ak hb yrb zr bf~|bzi ka |bjeleú kekgrki zaoejexrh hb ijjbza

bk bo fezfa ~b|æaha+ \bz~bjxa i oaz yrb |bjeleb|ak zaoejexrhbz -rk xaxio hbo 83"%0 bo <="

hbjoi|ú milb| |bjeleha fbkaz hb hebp u rk 9<" bkx|b hebp u jekjrbkxi zaoejexrhbz+ Zúoa bo

3" hb oaz bkx|bsezxihaz |bz~akheú yrb zr bf~|bzi milæi |bjeleha féz hb 2> zaoejexrhbz

hr|ikxb bo ðoxefa iùa+

Oi fezfi crbkxb ac|bjb oaz hixaz ~i|i Bz~iùi/ yrb frbzx|i rk 88" hb bf~|bziz yrbkrkji mik |bjeleha rki zaoejexrh hb ijjbza/ rk <8" hb bf~|bziz yrb mik |bjeleha

fbkaz hb 9> zaoejexrhbz/ rk 9:" bkx|b 9> u 2> u zúoa rk 3" yrb mi |bjeleha féz hb 2>

zaoejexrhbz+

Bzxaz hixaz/ ze lebk |bcob`ik rki |bioehih ka ehåkxeji i oi fazx|ihi bk bzxb bzxrhea -oi

frbzx|i hbo Br|ali|úfbx|a |bðkb i bf~|bziz hb féz hb <> bf~obihaz/ febkx|iz yrb

iyræ zb ikioepik bf~|bziz hb mizxi 2>/ jak rk ~bza ef~a|xikxb hb oiz bf~|bziz zek

izioi|eihaz u bkx|b 9 u 5 bf~obihaz%/ frbzx|ik rki xahisæi |boixesi ~bkbx|ijeúk hb oi

~|éjxeji hb ijjbhb| i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz ~a| ~i|xb hb oi ~aloijeúk br|a~bi+ Bk lrbkioúgeji/ jilb bz~b|i| yrb oi j|bjebkxb zaoejexrh hb ijjbza ~a| ~i|xb hb oi ~aloijeúk

bf~r`i|é i oiz bf~|bziz i bzxilobjb| ~|ajbhefebkxaz bk bzxb zbkxeha+

7 JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%

= Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+




8+<+= Gbzxeúk hbo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz

ekxb|kijeakiobz+

Bk oiz x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zb hblb gi|ikxepi|rki ~|axbjjeúk byre~i|ilob i oi yrb b}ezxb bk xb||exa|ea bz~iùao+ Oaz xæxroaz S hb oi OA^H

u SE hbo \HOA^H bzxilobjbk oi ka|fixesi ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa bk bzxaz jizaz+ Oi

aloegijeúk hb oi ~ufb yrb x|ixb jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz

bz x|izoihi| i oi bf~|bzi hbo ~iæz hb hbzxeka oi kbjbzehih hb ~|a~a|jeaki| rk kesbo hb

~|axbjjeúk byre~i|ilob io yrb ~|bzxi oi OA^H+

Ze oi jafrkejijeúk hb hixaz bz i oi Rkeúk Br|a~bi a i rk ~iæz jakzehb|iha jak rk kesbo

ihbjriha hb ~|axbjjeúk oi bf~|bzi hblb|é0

• Kaxeceji|oa i oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+

• Ekca|fi| io icbjxiha hbo hbzxekixi|ea hb zrz hixaz u hb oi cekioehih ~i|i oi jrio zb

bzxék jbhebkha oaz fezfaz+ Egriofbkxb/ hblb|é alxbkb| zr jakzbkxefebkxa ~i|i

|bioepi| oi x|ikzcb|bkjei+

Ze oi jafrkejijeúk hb hixaz bz i rk ~iæz jakzehb|iha jak rk kesbo ka ihbjriha hb

~|axbjjeúk hblb|é/ ihbféz/ zaoejexi| oi irxa|epijeúk hbo He|bjxa| hb oi Igbkjei hb

^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+

Bo G|éceja << frbzx|i yrb rk 57" hb bkjrbzxihaz ka |bioepi x|ikzcb|bkjeiz

ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Oiz ~ufbz xebkbk fbka| ijxesehih

ekxb|kijeakio yrb oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz/ u ~a| xikxa bo hixa bz i ~|ea|e jamb|bkxb+






G|éceja <<0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bioepik x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz

hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

:"

57"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Jaf~i|ikha bo hixa jak oi |bioehih br|a~bi/ bo Br|ali|úfbx|a 5 frbzx|i yrb bo 9>" hb

oiz bf~|bziz br|a~biz |bioepik x|ikzcb|bkjeiz hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz i ~iæzbz b}xb|kaz ioi Rkeúk Br|a~bi/ c|bkxb io =5" yrb ka oa mijbk+ Oi |bioehih bz~iùaoi/ bk lizb i oi

fezfi crbkxb/ |bcob`i rk 7" hb bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik |bioepi| x|ikzcb|bkjeiz

ekxb|kijeakiobz u rk 5:" yrb hbjoi|ik ka mijb|oa+ Bzxaz hixaz zb mik b}x|iæha zal|b rki

frbzx|i hb bf~|bziz hb féz hb <> bf~obihaz4 ~i|bjb oúgeja ~bkzi| yrb oi hecb|bkjei

hb xifiùa ekcorub bk bo jaf~a|xifebkxa ekxb|kijeakio hb oiz bf~|bziz/ u ~a| xikxa

`rzxeceji oaz 8 ~rkxaz ~a|jbkxriobz hb hecb|bkjei bkx|b oaz hixaz hbo ~|bzbkxb ekca|fb u oaz

ac|bjehaz ~a| oi Jafezeúk Br|a~bi bk bo Br|ali|úfbx|a+

8+<+5 X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih u

~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio+

Fb|bjb bz~bjeio ixbkjeúk bo x|ixifebkxa hb oi ~rloejehih u ~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio hbkx|a

hb oi obu/ hiha yrb mezxú|ejifbkxb mik b}ezxeha bk Bz~iùi jizaz hb zikjeúk ~a| bzxb

faxesa+

Oiz zikjeakbz fbkjeakihiz mik xbkeha zr a|egbk bk ijjeakbz ~|afajeakiobz |bioepihiz

~a| oiz bf~|bziz/ i x|isåz hb fbheaz x|ihejeakiobz -bksæa ~a| ja||ba/ ooifihiz hb

xboåcaka% a bobjx|úkejaz -b&fieo%/ zek |bjili| bo jakzbkxefebkxa ~|bsea io ekxb|bziha ~i|i

5 Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak ‚ Hixi jakx|aoob|z― ~b|jb~xeak -Br|a~bik Jaffezzeak ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak%+Br|ali|afbxb| Cbl|b|a <>>=+ Frbzx|i0 bf~|bziz br|a~biz hb $<> bf~obihaz+




Bo hajrfbkxa hblb|é jakxbkb|/ jafa fækefa/ oaz zegrebkxbz iz~bjxaz0

9% Éflexa hb i~oejijeúk hbo hajrfbkxa jak bz~bjecejijeúk hbxiooihi hb oaz|bjr|zaz ~|axbgehaz+

<% Fbhehiz/ ka|fiz/ ~|ajbhefebkxaz hb ijxrijeúk/ |bgoiz u bzxékhi|bz

bkjifekihaz i gi|ikxepi| bo kesbo hb zbgr|ehih b}egeha bk bo |bgoifbkxa+

:% Crkjeakbz u aloegijeakbz hbo ~b|zakio bk |boijeúk jak bo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz

hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ekjorehaz bk oaz cejmb|az+

8% Bzx|rjxr|i hb oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio u hbzj|e~jeúk hb oaz

zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk yrb oaz x|ixik+

2% ^|ajbhefebkxa hb kaxecejijeúk/ gbzxeúk u |bz~rbzxi ikxb oiz ekjehbkjeiz+

3% Oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz hb |bioepijeúk hb ja~eiz hb |bz~ioha u hb |bjr~b|ijeúk hb

oaz hixaz bk oaz cejmb|az a x|ixifebkxaz irxafixepihaz+

7% Oiz fbhehiz yrb zbi kbjbzi|ea iha~xi| ~i|i bo x|ikz~a|xb hb za~a|xbz u

hajrfbkxaz/ izæ jafa ~i|i oi hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz hajrfbkxaz u za~a|xbz/ a bk

zr jiza/ oi |brxeoepijeúk hb bzxaz ðoxefaz+

Bo G|éceja <8 ac|bjb oi sezeúk |bz~bjxa hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih bkx|b

oiz ~ufbz0 zúoa rk 99" hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik milb| |bgezx|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb

oi IB^H ka jrbkxi jak hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih+ Rk ioxa ~a|jbkxi`b/ bo =<"/ ice|fi xbkb|

rk hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih+ ^i|bjb/ i ~|efb|i sezxi/ rk |bzroxiha ~azexesa4 zek bfli|ga

bz kbjbzi|ea ~rkxrioepi| yrb oaz |bzroxihaz zb |bceb|bk zúoa i oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik

milb| |bgezx|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi Igbkjei/ u ka io xaxio hb ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz+ Bz oúgeja

~bkzi| yrb oiz bf~|bziz zrcejebkxbfbkxb zbkzeleoepihiz jafa ~i|i |bgezx|i| zrz cejmb|az

ikxb oi IB^H xifleåk oa bzxåk ~i|i boila|i| rk hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih -ka zb hblb

aosehi| yrb iflaz ~|bjb~xaz/ ekzj|e~jeúk u boila|ijeúk hbo hajrfbkxa/ zak aloegixa|eaz%+





G|éceja <80 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb xebkbk rk hajrfbkxa hb

zbgr|ehih -"%

=<"

99"

7"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+<+99 Fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih

Bk oaz zegrebkxbz i~i|xihaz zb hbxiooi bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oiz ~ufbz |bz~bjxa ioiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~|bsezxiz bk bo |bgoifbkxa+ Jak bo al`bxesa hb cijeoexi| oi

jaf~|bkzeúk zb ekjorub rk jrih|a |bzrfbk yrb frbzx|i oiz fbhehiz i ef~oikxi| bk

crkjeúk hbo kesbo hbjoi|iha -lézeja/ fbhea a ioxa%/ u i oi xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az -za~a|xb

bobjx|úkeja a ~i~bo%+

Bz ef~a|xikxb ijoi|i| oiz hbcekejeakbz zegrebkxbz0

• Hixaz hb kesbo lézeja0 kafl|b/ i~booehaz/ he|bjjeúk/ xboåcaka/ b&fieo/ u jrioyreb|

ax|a hixa yrb ka zbi hb kesbo fbhea a ioxa+

• Hixaz hb kesbo fbhea0 jafezeúk hb ekc|ijjeakbz ~bkiobz/ jafezeúk hb ekc|ijjeakbz

ihfekezx|ixesiz/ ekca|fijeúk hb Mijebkhi ^ðloeji/ ekca|fijeúk hb zb|sejeaz

cekikjeb|az/ hixaz hb Zbgr|ehih Zajeio/ hixaz hb frxriz/ boila|ijeúk hb ~b|ceobz

-jr||ejroi%/ hixaz hb x|éceja u oajioepijeúk -xbobjafrkejijeakbz%+

• Hixaz hb kesbo ioxa0 ehbaoagæi/ |boegeúk/ j|bbkjeiz/ a|egbk |ijeio/ ziorh/ sehi zb}rio/

iceoeijeakbz zekhejiobz/ seaobkjei hb gåkb|a+

^i|i jihi rki hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ikioepihiz bk oaz i~i|xihaz zrjbzesaz zb|bioepi rki l|bsb hbzj|e~jeúk hb oiz ef~oejijeakbz hb oi fbhehi ~i|i oi bf~|bzi u rk

ikéoezez bzxihæzxeja hbo kesbo bcbjxesa hb ef~obfbkxijeúk bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz/ bk





lizb i |bzroxihaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi+ Kúxbzb/ bk bzxb ~rkxa/ yrb oiz

bzxihæzxejiz bzxék jakzx|rehiz zal|b oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik kaxecejiha zrz cejmb|az i oi

IB^H+ Bk oaz jizaz bk yrb oiz fbhehiz i~oejik b}jorzesifbkxb i cejmb|az hb kesbo fbheaa ioxa oiz bzxihæzxejiz zb mik boila|iha i ~i|xe| hb oiz ~ufbz yrb mik kaxecejiha bzxb xe~a

hb cejmb|az/ oa yrb mijb yrb bk ajizeakbz oiz lizbz jakzehb|ihiz zbik |bhrjehiz/ u ~a|

xikxa oiz ekxb|~|bxijeakbz u jakjorzeakbz hblbk zb| |bioepihaz jak ~|bjirjeúk+

Xiloi 80 Fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih aloegixa|eiz i ef~oikxi| bk oaz hecb|bkxbz kesbobz hb cejmb|az

Kesbo lézejaKesbo fbhea

Kesbo ioxa

\bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih& Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a

xebkb yrb hbzegki| i rka asi|eaz |bz~akzilobz hbzbgr|ehih -ka bz rkihbobgijeúk hb|bz~akzileoehih%+

& Bo |bz~akzilob hbzbgr|ehih bz bo bkji|gihahb jaa|heki| u jakx|aoi| oizfbhehiz hbo hajrfbkxa

^b|zakio& Crkjeakbz u aloegijeakbz

hb oaz hecb|bkxbz rzri|eaz ahb oaz ~b|ceobz hb rzri|eazjoi|ifbkxb hbcekehiz uhajrfbkxihiz+

& Hbcekejeúk hb oiz crkjeakbzhb jakx|ao u oizirxa|epijeakbz hbobgihiz~a| bo |bz~akzilob

& Hecrzeúk bkx|b bo ~b|zakio/hb oiz ka|fiz yrb obzicbjxbk u hb oizjakzbjrbkjeiz ~a|ekjrf~oefebkxa+

Ekjehbkjeiz& \bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz0

xe~a/ fafbkxa hb zrhbxbjjeúk/ ~b|zaki yrb oikaxeceji/ bcbjxaz u fbhehizja||bjxa|iz

& ^|ajbhefebkxa hbkaxecejijeúk u gbzxeúk hb oizekjehbkjeiz

Zúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz& Ikaxi| oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz

hb |bjr~b|ijeúk/ ~b|zakiyrb oa b`bjrxi/ hixaz|bzxir|ihaz/ u bk zr jiza/hixaz g|ilihazfikriofbkxb+

& Irxa|epijeúk hbo|bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a

~i|i oi |bjr~b|ijeúk hbhixaz+






Kesbo ioxaJa~eiz hb |bz~iohaZúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz & Ja~ei hb |bz~ioha zbfikio& ^|ajbhefebkxaz hb

gbkb|ijeúk hb ja~eiz hb|bz~ioha u |bjr~b|ijeúk hbhixaz+

& Sb|ecejijeúk zbfbzx|io hboaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz+

& \bjakzx|rjjeúk hb oazhixaz i ~i|xe| hb oi ðoxefija~ei+ G|ilijeúk fikriobk zr jiza/ ze b}ezxbhajrfbkxijeúk yrb oa~b|fexi+

& ^|rbliz jak hixaz |biobz+Ja~ei hb zbgr|ehih ui~oejijeúk hbo kesbo hbzbgr|ehih ja||bz~akhebkxb+

Zúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz & Ja~ei hb |bz~ioha u

~|ajbhefebkxaz hb|bjr~b|ijeúk bk orgi|hecb|bkxb hbo yrb zbbkjrbkx|bk oaz byre~az+

J|exb|eaz hb i|jmesaZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz

& Bo i|jmesa hb oazhajrfbkxaz hblb|bioepi|zb zbgðk j|exb|eazyrb cijeoexbk zr jakzroxi uoajioepijeúk ~i|i gi|ikxepi|bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmazI\JA

IofijbkifebkxaZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Hez~azexesaz hb

iofijbkifebkxa haxihazhb fbjikezfaz yrb

alzxijroejbk zr i~b|xr|i

Zúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & I|fi|eaz/ i|jmesiha|bz b

hajrfbkxaz bk é|biz jakijjbza ~|axbgeha jak

~rb|xiz jak ooisb+Jrzxahei hb za~a|xbzZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Hr|ikxb oi |bsezeúk a

x|ifexijeúk hb oazhajrfbkxaz/ oi ~b|zaki iji|ga hb oaz fezfaz hblbzb| heoegbkxb u jrzxahei|oi~i|i bsexi| ijjbzaz kairxa|epihaz






Kesbo ioxaJa~ei a |b~|ahrjjeúk

Zúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Zúoa ~rbhb |bioepi|zb ~a|

oaz rzri|eaz irxa|epihaz& Hbzx|rjjeúk hb ja~eiz

hbzbjmihizIrhexa|æi

& Io fbkaz jihi haz iùaz/ekxb|ki a b}xb|ki+

& Hblb |bioepi|zb ikxbfahecejijeakbz zrzxikjeiobzbk oaz zezxbfiz hbekca|fijeúk jak|b~b|jrzeakbz bkzbgr|ehih+

& Sb|ecejijeúk u jakx|ao hb oiihbjrijeúk hb oiz fbhehiz+

& Ekca|fb hb hbxbjjeúk hbhbcejebkjeiz u ~|a~rbzxizja||bjxa|iz+

& Ikéoezez hbo |bz~akzilob hbzbgr|ehih u jakjorzeakbz io

|bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|aXbobjafrkejijeakbzZúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz& X|ikzfezeúk hb hixaz i

x|isåz hb |bhbzbobjx|úkejiz jec|ihi+

X|izoiha hb hajrfbkxijeúkZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Fbhehiz yrb ef~ehik bo

ijjbza a fike~roijeúk

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA bk lizb i ekca|fijeúk hb oi IB^H -Græi hb Zbgr|ehih/ il|eo <>>=%

\bz~akzilob hb Zbgr|ehih

Rki hb oiz fbhehiz yrb zb hblbk iha~xi| jrikha zb xebkbk hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb kesbo

fbhea a zr~b|ea| bz oi hb izegki| rk |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih+ Bo i|x+ 52 hbo \HOA^H

|bjagb bzxi aloegijeúk+

Bk bo hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih hblb|ék hbzegki|zb rka a si|eaz |bz~akzilobz hb

zbgr|ehih bkji|gihaz hb jaa|heki| u jakx|aoi| oiz fbhehiz hbcekehiz bk bo fezfa+ Bzxi

hbzegkijeúk ~rbhb zb| ðkeji ~i|i xahaz oaz cejmb|az a x|ixifebkxaz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb|~b|zakio a hecb|bkjeihi zbgðk oaz zezxbfiz hb x|ixifebkxa rxeoepihaz/ je|jrkzxikjei yrb

hblb|é mijb|zb jakzxi| joi|ifbkxb bk bo hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih+





G|éceja <20 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik hbzegkiha

rk |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih -"%

5>"

9>"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Hesrogijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih io ~b|zakio

Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa/ ui zb x|ixb hb cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea a

ioxa/ hblb iha~xi| oiz fbhehiz kbjbzi|eiz ~i|i yrb bo ~b|zakio jakapji oiz ka|fiz hb

zbgr|ehih yrb icbjxbk io hbzi||aooa hb zrz crkjeakbz/ izæ jafa oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz bk yrb

~rheb|i ekjr||e| bk jiza hb ekjrf~oefebkxa+ Oi aloegijeúk hb bzxi hesrogijeúk zb

bkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ =5+< hbo \HOA^H+

Bkx|b oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih féz zegkecejixesiz hbo ~b|zakio hb oi bf~|bzi zb hbzxijik

oiz zegrebkxbz0

• Gri|hi| zbj|bxa ~|acbzeakio zal|b xahaz oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio yrb x|ixboi jaf~iùæi -~+b+ ce|fikha rki joérzroi hb jakcehbkjeioehih bk bo jakx|ixa%+

• Jiflei| oi jakx|izbùi hb ijjbza jak oi ~b|eahejehih bzxilobjehi+

• Ka bzj|ele| a gri|hi| |bcb|bkjei hb oaz hixaz hb oi jakx|izbùi hb ijjbza io

zezxbfi hb ekca|fijeúk -~+b+ ka i~rkxi| oi jakx|izbùi bk rk ~i~bo%+

• Ka hbì| ekca|fijeúk sezelob bk oi ~ikxiooi hbo a|hbkiha| jrikha zb ilikhakb bo

~rbzxa -~+b+ loayrbi| oi ~ikxiooi jrikha ka zb bzxå bk bo ~rbzxa hb x|ilià%+

Bo G|éceja <3 frbzx|i bk yrå fbhehi zb mik hesrogiha oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih io

~b|zakio hb oi bf~|bzi+ Izæ/ x|bz jri|xiz ~i|xbz hb oiz ~ufbz yrb ice|fik milb|





G|éceja <70 Ca|fiz hb hesrogijeúk hb oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih -"%

92"

9>"

2>"

<2"

Jr|za Ca|fijeúk Je|jroi| \brkeúk Ax|az

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

\bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz

Bo |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz ~b|fexb hez~akb| hb rk jakx|ao jaf~obxa/ b}ijxa u hbxiooiha hb

jrioyreb| ekjehbkjei yrb ~rbhi ajr||e| hbkx|a hb oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk yrb x|ixbk

jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ jak bo cek hb hbceke| oiz |bz~akzileoehihbz u fbhehiz

ja||bjxesiz i b`bjrxi| bk jiza hb ajr||e| hejmiz ekjehbkjeiz+ Bzxi aloegijeúk zb bkjrbkx|i

|bjagehi bk oaz i|xæjroaz 5> u 9>> hbo \HOA^H+

Oi ~ufb hblb j|bi| rk ~|ajbhefebkxa hb kaxecejijeúk u gbzxeúk hb oiz ekjehbkjeiz yrb

icbjxbk i oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio u bzxilobjb| rk |bgezx|a bk bo yrb zb migi

jakzxi| bo xe~a hb ekjehbkjei/ bo fafbkxa bk yrb zb mi ~|ahrjeha/ oi ~b|zaki yrb |bioepi

oi kaxecejijeúk/ i yreåk zb ob jafrkeji/ oaz bcbjxaz yrb zb mrleb|ik hb|esiha hb oi fezfi

u oiz fbhehiz ja||bjxesiz i~oejihiz+ Bzxi aloegijeúk icbjxi i oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|azhb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa+ Hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik milb| hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az

ikxb oi IB^H/ zúoa rk <2" hez~akb hb rk |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz+ Alzå|sbzb yrb bo kesbo

hb jrf~oefebkxa hb bzxi fbhehi bz fru ekcb|ea| io |bzxa hb fbhehiz hb kesbo lézeja

ikioepihiz mizxi ima|i0 rk =<" hez~akb hb hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih/ u rk 7<" mik

hesrogiha oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih bkx|b zrz bf~obihaz+ Bk xahaz oaz jizaz/ bo

~a|jbkxi`b bzxé jiojroiha zal|b oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik xbkb| zrz cejmb|az |bgezx|ihaz+





G|éceja <50 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik bzxilobjeha rk jakx|ao hb

ijjbza i oaz cejmb|az hegexiobz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

=5"

8"

7"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Jak bo cek hb gi|ikxepi| yrb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb kesbo fbhea zb bkjrbkx|bk

~|axbgehaz jakx|i jrioyreb| ifbkipi fbheaiflebkxio/ hb |ala a ~å|hehi hb ekca|fijeúk/bo i|x+ 55 hbo \HOA^H ~oikxbi oi aloegijeúk ~i|i oefexi| bo ijjbza cæzeja io orgi| ~a| ~i|xb

hb ~b|zakio ka irxa|epiha io orgi| hakhb zb bkjrbkx|bk oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk u oaz

hixaz+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ b}jorzesifbkxb bo ~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~i|i booa bk bo hajrfbkxa

hb zbgr|ehih ~ah|é jakjbhb|/ ioxb|i| a ikroi| bo ijjbza irxa|epiha zal|b oaz |bjr|zaz/

jakca|fb i oaz j|exb|eaz bzxilobjehaz ~a| bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a+

Bo :>" hb oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az |bgezx|ihaz jrbkxik jak fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih

cæzeji ~i|i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ c|bkxb io 33" yrb ka oiz mik ef~obfbkxiha+

Bkx|b oiz fbhehiz féz c|bjrbkxbfbkxb hbjoi|ihiz zb bkjrbkx|ik oaz zezxbfiz jakx|i

ekjbkheaz u bo jeb||b jak ooisb hb oaz hbz~ijmaz hakhb zb bkjrbkx|ik oaz i|jmesaz+

Xifleåk zb mik ehbkxecejiha fbjikezfaz cæzejaz hb zbgr|ehih yrb ka zak zrcejebkxbz -~a|

b`bf~oa/ oi ~|a~ei ~rb|xi hb bkx|ihi i oi bf~|bzi jb||ihi li`a ooisb%+





G|éceja :>0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jrbkxik jak fbhehiz hb

zbgr|ehih cæzeji ~i|i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk -"%

:>"

33"

8"

^i|jeiofbkxb Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Oi ka|fixesi b}egb yrb/ ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa/ ihbféz hb ef~oikxi| oaz jakx|aobz

ihbjrihaz/ zb |bgezx|bk oaz ekxbkxaz hb ijjbza u oaz ijjbzaz irxa|epihaz i oizekzxioijeakbz hakhb zb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Hejmi aloegijeúk bzxé

|bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>: hbo \HOA^H+

Bo G|éceja :9 frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik |bgezx|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo

fbhea yrb hez~akbk hb rk |bgezx|a ~i|i bo ijjbza i bzxaz cejmb|az0 rk ::" hejb xbkb|

ef~oikxiha hejma |bgezx|a/ febkx|iz yrb rk 37" ka hez~akb hb åo+





G|éceja :<0 ^ufbz jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| yrb zúoa bo ~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~rbhi

jakzroxi| oi hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

8>"

3>"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Jafa ðoxefi |bcob}eúk/ zb ~ah|æi hbje| yrb/ hihiz oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi ~ufb/

|bzroxi|æi jaf~oejiha u jazxaza bzxilobjb| rk kesbo |alrzxa hb zbgr|ehih cæzeji bkgbkb|io/ ui yrb bzxiz bf~|bziz ka jrbkxik/ bk oi fiua|æi hb oaz jizaz/ jak rk bz~ijea

hb x|ili`a yrb ~rbhik iezoi| cæzejifbkxb ~i|i hbzxeki| hb ca|fi b}jorzesi i oaz zezxbfiz

hb ekca|fijeúk+

Ehbkxecejijeúk u Irxbkxejijeúk

Oi ehbkxecejijeúk bz bo ~|ajbhefebkxa ~a| bo jrio rk rzri|ea bz |bjakajeha hbkx|a hbo

zezxbfi hb ekca|fijeúk yrb x|ixi jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -kafl|b hbo rzri|ea%/

febkx|iz yrb oi irxbkxejijeúk bz bo ~|ajbhefebkxa hb jaf~|alijeúk hb oi ehbkxehih bk bo

zezxbfi -oi jakx|izbùi hb ijjbza izajeihi io kafl|b hb rzri|ea%+ Bzxi aloegijeúk zbbkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 5: hbo \HOA^H+

Bo 8=" hb oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az |bgezx|ihaz jakx|aoik bo ijjbza i cejmb|az

irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio lizékhazb bk rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi/ c|bkxb

io 2<" yrb ka oa mijb+ Jilb hbzxiji| yrb/ bk gbkb|io/ u lizékhazb bk oaz |bzroxihaz hb

oiz bkx|bsezxiz hb oi cizb jrioexixesi/ bz milexrio oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi zbgr|ehih

lizihi bk rk rzri|ea u ~izzwa|h bk oiz bf~|bziz/ ~|ekje~iofbkxb hbleha i yrb oaz

zezxbfiz a~b|ixesaz ef~obfbkxik bzxi jakcegr|ijeúk ~a| hbcbjxa+ Ka alzxikxb/ ka ajr||b

oa fezfa bk bo jiza hb bzxilobjefebkxa hb ~|eseobgeaz u ~b|fezaz bkx|b oaz hecb|bkxbzrzri|eaz yrb ijjbhbk io zezxbfi+





G|éceja ::0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jakx|aoik bo ijjbza i oaz

cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio lizékhazb bk rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi

-"%

8="

2<"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

â| oa yrb |bz~bjxi i oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi jakx|izbùi/ bk oaz jizaz bk yrb zb rxeoepi/åzxiz zb frbzx|ik bk bo G|éceja :80

• Jakx|izbùi jak cbjmi hb jihrjehih/ yrb aloegi i |bkasi|oi ~b|eúhejifbkxb

-<5"%+

• Jakx|izbùi i oi yrb zb b}egb rki oakgexrh fækefi -97"%+

• Jakx|izbùi jak iogðk fbjikezfa yrb ef~oeji jaf~obèhih bk oi fezfi -~a|

b`bf~oa/ b}egbkjei hb jafleki| fiuðzjroiz/ fekðzjroiz u ji|ijxb|bz

iocikrfå|ejaz% -="%+

• Oa féz c|bjrbkxb/ bk jrioyreb| jiza/ bz ka rxeoepi| kekgðk fbjikezfa bz~bjeio hb

zbgr|ehih bk oiz jakx|izbùiz -:="%+





G|éceja :80 Ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi jakx|izbùi rxeoepihi ~i|i bo jakx|ao hb ijjbza i oaz

cejmb|az yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

97"

<5"

:="

="

="

Oakgexrh fækefi Jihrjehih Kekgrki Jaf~ob`ehih Oa hbzjakajbk

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Gbzxeúk hb Za~a|xbz

Jak bo cek hb ~|bzb|si| u izbgr|i| oi ekca|fijeúk hr|ikxb zr x|ikz~a|xb u fike~roijeúk/ u

bk ~i|xejroi| oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ oi ka|fixesi b}egb xbkb| hejmi ekca|fijeúk

~|axbgehi fbheikxb oi gbzxeúk hb oaz za~a|xbz yrb oaz jakxebkbk a iofijbkik+ Bzxi

ekca|fijeúk ~rbhb iofijbki|zb bk jrioyreb| za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja -JHz/ jekxiz

figkåxejiz/ fbfa|eiz/ hezjaz hr|az b}xb|kaz/ bxj% a ~i~bo+ ^i|i zr ja||bjxi

fike~roijeúk/ oaz i|x+ 5</ 57/ 9>9 \HOA^H |bjagbk oiz aloegijeakbz bk |boijeúk jak oi

gbzxeúk hb za~a|xbz+

Zb mi ~|bgrkxiha i oiz ~ufbz yrb mik hbjoi|iha hixaz hb kesbo fbhea ijb|ji hb ze zb

mi mbjma rki sioa|ijeúk ekxb|ki bk fixb|ei hb x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz za~a|xbzbobjx|úkejaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Bo G|éceja :2 frbzx|i yrb rk 29"

hb booiz hejb milb| sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa hb za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz -JH/z/

HSH/z/ Jekxiz/ Hezjaz hr|az/ bxj% u xbkb|oa ~|ajbhefbkxiha/ febkx|iz yrb rk 85" hejb ka

milb| sioa|iha hejmaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz+





G|éceja :20 ^a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk hbcekeha u ~|ajbhefbkxiha bo x|ixifebkxa hb

oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

29"85"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Hbo xaxio hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz yrb |bz~akheb|ak xbkb| hbcekeha u ~|ajbhefbkxiha bo

x|ixifebkxa hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -29"%/ bo G|éceja:3 frbzx|i yrb0

• Oi hbzx|rjjeúk fbjékeji bz bo fåxaha féz |bjr||bkxb -85"%/ zbgrehi hbo la||iha

figkåxeja -9:"% u oi hbzx|rjjeúk fikrio -9:"%+

• Rk <2" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka hbzx|re| oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb

iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

Oi aloegijeúk ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz za~a|xbz u hajrfbkxaz zb bkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk

bo i|x+ 5<+8 hbo \HOA^H+ Zebf~|b yrb siui i hbzbjmi|zb jrioyreb| hajrfbkxabobjx|úkeja a za~a|xb yrb jakxbkgi hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hblb|é ~|ajbhb|zb i zr

hbzx|rjjeúk a la||iha/ fbheikxb oi iha~jeúk hb fbhehiz he|egehiz i bsexi| bo ijjbza i oi

ekca|fijeúk jakxbkehi bk bo fezfa a zr |bjr~b|ijeúk ~azxb|ea|+





G|éceja :30 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

85"

9:"

<2"

9:"

Hbzx|rjjeúk fbjékeji La||iha Figkåxeja Kekgrka Hbzx|rjjeúk fikrio

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Jakxekrikha jak oiz aloegijeakbz bk fixb|ei hb za~a|xbz u hajrfbkxijeúk hb hixaz

~b|zakiobz/ oi ka|fixesi b}egb yrb ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz hb kesbo fbhea b}ezxi rk|bgezx|a hb bkx|ihi u zioehi hb za~a|xbz yrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Oi

aloegijeúk |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 57 hbo \HOA^H bz oi hb jakx|aoi| u bzxilobjb|

|bz~akzileoehihbz i oi ma|i hb fikb`i| oaz za~a|xbz+ Bk hejma |bgezx|a zb ~ah|é jakajb|0

bo xe~a hb za~a|xb/ oi cbjmi u ma|i/ bo bfeza|/ bo kðfb|a hb za~a|xbz ekjorehaz bk bo bksæa/

bo xe~a hb ekca|fijeúk yrb jakxebkbk/ oi ca|fi hb bksæa u oi ~b|zaki |bz~akzilob hb oi

|bjb~jeúk yrb hblb|é bzxi| hblehifbkxb irxa|epihi+

Bo G|éceja :7 frbzx|i yrb rk 8>" hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo

fbhea hez~akbk hb bzxb |bgezx|a/ c|bkxb io 8>" yrb hbjoi|ik ka xbkb|oa+ Rki yrekxi ~i|xb

hb oiz bf~|bziz hbzjakajbk oi zexrijeúk bk jrikxa i ze zb rxeoepi a ka bzxb xe~a hb

|bgezx|az+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki => hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




G|éceja :70 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik iha~xiha

bo |bgezx|a hb bkx|ihi!zioehi hb za~a|xbz hegexiobz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

-"%

8>"

8>"

<>"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Hbkx|a hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih yrb oi ka|fixesi b}egb ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihazhb kesbo ioxa/ oi gbzxeúk u hezx|elrjeúk hb za~a|xbz xebkb bz~bjeio ef~a|xikjei/

~i|xejroi|fbkxb bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b i oi jakcehbkjeioehih hb oaz hixaz+

Bzxiz aloegijeakbz zb bkjrbkx|ik |bjagehiz bk bo i|x+ 9>9 hbo \HOA^H/ yrb bzxilobjb0

• Rxeoepi| rk zezxbfi hb bxeyrbxiha bk oaz za~a|xbz cæzejaz+

• Hezx|elre| oaz za~a|xbz jec|ikha oaz hixaz yrb jakxbkgik/ ekjorubkha oaz hixaz yrb

bzxåk iofijbkihaz bk a|hbkiha|bz ~a|xéxeobz+

Rk 37" hb oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H bxeyrbxik oaz

za~a|xbz cæzejaz ~i|i zr zioehi crb|i hb oiz ekzxioijeakbz hb oi bf~|bzi+

I ~bzi| hb bxeyrbxi|oaz/ |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz bk oi bkx|bsezxi jrioexixesi frbzx|ik bk

gbkb|io oiz ~ufbz hejbk ka jec|i| oaz za~a|xbz ~i|i bo iofijbkifebkxa hb cejmb|az jak

hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




G|éceja :=0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb bxeyrbxik oaz

za~a|xbz hakhb zb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

37"

::"

Zæ Ka o

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Ja~eiz hb \bz~ioha

Oi ka|fixesi aloegi i |bioepi| io fbkaz rki ja~ei hb |bz~ioha ~a| zbfiki hb oaz cejmb|az

jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ io egrio yrb oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~b|xekbkxbz ~i|i zr

|bjr~b|ijeúk u ~|rbli+ Bzxi aloegijeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 58 hbo \HOA^H u icbjxi i

xaha xe~a hb cejmb|az -lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa%+

Hbjoi|ijeakbz hb oiz ~ufbz bk oi cizb jrioexixesi hbo bzxrhea frbzx|ik yrb/ ze lebk bz

c|bjrbkxb hez~akb| hb ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/

åzxiz ka zb |bioepik jak oi ~b|eahejehih zbfikio yrb b}egb bo |bgoifbkxa+ Oa féz

milexrio bz yrb oiz ja~eiz zbik |bioepihiz zek zbgre| rk ~|ajbhefebkxa ~|bbzxilobjeha/ u

jak rki ~b|eahejehih ekxb|fexbkxb -yrb bk ajizeakbz zr~b|i io fbz%+

Jak |boijeúk io orgi| hakhb zb hb~azexik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az/ bo

G|éceja :5 frbzx|i júfa bo 37" hb oiz ~ufbz yrb mik hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi

IB^H fikecebzxik iofijbki|oaz bk oi fezfi rlejijeúk hakhb zb bkjrbkx|i bo i|jmesa

a|egbk+ Bzxi ~|éjxeji ka bz |bjafbkhilob ui yrb bk jiza hb rk hbzizx|b/ ~a| b`bf~oa rk

ekjbkhea/ b}ezxe|æi rki ioxi ~|alileoehih hb yrb oiz ja~eiz zb seb|ik hiùihiz u ka b}ezxe|é

rk |bz~ioha i oi ma|i hb jakxekri| jak bo ~|ajbza hb kbgajea+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




G|éceja :50 Orgi|bz bk hakhb iofijbkik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az

hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H -"%

<7"

:"

37"

:"

Hafejeoea JBA Bf~|bzi b}xb|ki Bk oi fezfi rlejijeúk Ax|az

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Hbkx|a hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih yrb oi ka|fixesi b}egb ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz

hb kesbo ioxa zb bkjrbkx|i oi hb iofijbki| oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hecb|bkxbio hbo x|ixifebkxa+ Bzxi aloegijeúk sebkb |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>< hbo \HOA^H+

Haz xb|jeaz hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik |bgezx|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa ikxb oi IB^H

iofijbkik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hezxekxa i oi rlejijeúk hb oi bf~|bzi+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




G|éceja 8>0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb iofijbkik oiz

ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hezxekxa hb oi rlejijeúk hakhb zb x|ixik oaz hixaz -"%

37"

::"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

J|exb|eaz hb I|jmesa

Jak bo cek hb fikxbkb| oi ja||bjxi jakzb|sijeúk hb oaz hajrfbkxaz/ oi oajioepijeúk u

jakzroxi hb oi ekca|fijeúk u ~azeleoexi| i oaz ekxb|bzihaz bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb

a~azejeúk io x|ixifebkxa/ ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk u jikjboijeúk/ oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk

hb hixaz aloegi i oaz |bz~akzilobz hbo cejmb|a i bzxilobjb| rkaz j|exb|eaz hb i|jmesa+

Bo G|éceja 89 frbzx|i yrb rk :2" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb jakxi| jak fbjikezfaz yrb

izbgr|ik oi jakzb|sijeúk u oajioepijeúk hb hajrfbkxaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio+ Bkx|b oaz fbjikezfaz u hez~azexesaz fbkjeakihaz hbzxijik i|fi|eaz/

i|jmesiha|bz/ ji|~bxiz joizecejiha|iz/ bxj+ Oi fiua|æi -32"%/ bk jiflea/ ka xebkb

ef~obfbkxiha kekgðk fbjikezfa ~i|i izbgr|i| oi jakzb|sijeúk u oajioepijeúk hb zrzhajrfbkxaz jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz4 rki jakzbjrbkjei hb booa ~ah|æi zb| rk |bx|iza a

hecejroxih bk hi| |bz~rbzxi i rki zaoejexrh hb hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+





G|éceja 890 ^ufbz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| oi jakzb|sijeúk u

oajioepijeúk hb hajrfbkxaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

:2"

32"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Iofijbkifebkxa

Hbkx|a hb oiz fbhehiz |bcb|bkxbz i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz jak hixaz

hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ zb bkjrbkx|i oi hbo bzxilobjefebkxa hb |byrezexaz yrb ef~ehik bo

ijjbza cæzeja i ~b|zakio ka irxa|epiha i oiz ekzxioijeakbz hakhb bzxåk iofijbkihaz oaz

hajrfbkxaz bk ~i~bo+ Bzxi aloegijeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>7 u 999 hbo \HOA^H/

hakhb zb bzxilobjb yrb zb hblb jakxi| jak fbheaz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz

hajrfbkxaz bk ~i~bo yrb jakxbkgik hixaz ~b|zakiobz+

Rk 89" hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoi ka jakxbf~oi kekgrki fbhehi hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji hb zrz

hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo+ Oi fbhehi féz if~oeifbkxb ef~obfbkxihi bz oi hb gri|hi| oaz

cejmb|az bk rk ji`úk jb||iha jak ooisb -8>"%/ zbgrehi hb rk i|fi|ea jak ooisb -9:"% urki milexijeúk a hbz~ijma jb||iha -3"%+





G|éceja 8<0 Fbhehiz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo jak yrb jrbkxik oiz

~ufbz -"%

8>"

9:"3"

89"

Ji`úk jb||iha jak ooisb I|fi|ea jak ooisb Milexijeúk jb||ihi Kekgrka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Jrzxahei hb Za~a|xbz

Bo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih bz bo bkji|giha hb ~|axbgb| u ziosigri|hi| oi ekca|fijeúk

zbkzelob hbkx|a hb rki bf~|bzi+ Bk bzxb jiza bk ~i|xejroi|/ bo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih

~rbhb zb| bo bkji|giha hb ziosigri|hi| oi hajrfbkxijeúk yrb jakxbkgi hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio a bk zr jiza hbobgi|oi+ Bzxi aloegijeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>5 hbo

\HOA^H+

Bo G|éceja 8: frbzx|i yrb bo 29" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb xbkb| hbobgiha rk

|bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i bzxaz hajrfbkxaz/ febkx|iz yrb rk 8=" hejb ka xbkb| rk

hbobgiha hb zbgr|ehih bz~bjæceja ~i|i bzxb xe~a hb hajrfbkxijeúk+





G|éceja 880 Bf~|bziz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz jakx|i oi |b~|ahrjjeúk u ja~ei hb

hajrfbkxaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

9<"

=="

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Zb ikioepi i jakxekrijeúk oi ~|bhez~azejeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz ~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi

ka|fixesi yrb icbjxi i cejmb|az bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+ Izæ/ bo G|éceja 82 frbzx|i yrb bo <9"hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz

hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ febkx|iz yrb rk 7="

hejb ka xbkb| ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~|alihaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb bzxaz hajrfbkxaz+ Ka zb x|ixi

hb rki ef~azejeúk a fbhehi hb zbgr|ehih yrb xbkgi jalb|xr|i obgio ke |bgoifbkxi|ei/

zeka féz lebk rki ‟hbjoi|ijeúk hb ekxbkjeakbz‖ hb oiz bf~|bziz+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki == hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




G|éceja 820 Bf~|bziz yrb mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz

hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

<9"

7="

9"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Bo <9" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz yrb mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk

hb oaz hajrfbkxaz bk ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ crb ekxb||agihazal|b oaz fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk rxeoepihaz+ I jakxekrijeúk zb ~|bzbkxik oaz |bzroxihaz/

hakhb zb jakce|fi yrb bo fåxaha féz if~oeifbkxb bz oi hbzx|rjxa|i hb ~i~bo bk rk

:3"+ I hbzxiji| yrb rk ef~a|xikxb 8<" hb booiz ka rxeoepi kekgðk fåxaha+





G|éceja 830 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz -"%

:3"

9:"5"

8<"

Hbzx|rjxa|i hb ~i~bo Hbzx|rjxa|i fikrio

Hbzx|rjjeúk fbheikxb crbga Kekgrka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Irhexa|æi

Oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk b ekzxioijeakbz hb x|ixifebkxa u iofijbkifebkxa hb hixaz

hb cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea zb zafbxb|ék/ io fbkaz jihi haz iùaz/ i rki irhexa|æi ekxb|ki

a b}xb|ki yrb sb|eceyrb bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih+ Bzxi aloegijeúk

bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 53 hbo \HOA^H+

Bo G|éceja 87 frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik |bgezx|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo

fbhea yrb ice|fik milb| ~iziha ~a| rki irhexa|æi lebkio hb zrz zezxbfiz hb

ekca|fijeúk/ ~|ajbzaz/ ~b|zakiz b ekzxioijeakbz0 zúoa rk 99" oa mi mbjma/ c|bkxb i rk

fiua|exi|ea =5" yrb hejb ka milb| ~iziha krkji ~a| rki irhexa|æi lebkio+





G|éceja 850 ^ufbz yrb mik |bioepiha rki irhexa|ei lebkio ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb

jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%

3"

5<"

<"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

Xbobjafrkejijeakbz

Hbo xaxio hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz yrb hejbk milb| hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa ikxb oi

IB^H/ kekgrka hejb jec|i| oiz jafrkejijeakbz bobjx|úkejiz bk bo bksæa hb cejmb|az io

b}xb|ea| hb zr bf~|bzi+ Bzxi aloegijeúk zb bkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>8 hbo

\HOA^H+

X|izoiha hb hajrfbkxijeúk

Oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo i|x+ 998 |bjagb oi aloegijeúk ~i|i bzxilobjb|

fbjikezfaz hb jakx|ao zal|b oi hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~i|i yrb

åzxi ka zbi ijjbhehi bk zr x|ikz~a|xb+

Bo G|éceja 2> frbzx|i yrb rk 57" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ka mi bzxilobjeha fbjikezfaz

~i|i yrb zrz cejmb|az ka ~rbhik zb| ijjbhehaz a fike~roihaz hr|ikxb zr x|ikz~a|xb+





G|éceja 2>0 Bf~|bziz yrb mik ef~obfbkxiha fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| yrb oaz cejmb|az

ka irxafixepihaz ka zak ijjbhehaz a fike~roihaz hr|ikxb zr x|ikz~a|xb -"%

<"

57"

9"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+<+9< Cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+

Oi b}ezxbkjei hb hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo zb b}xebkhb i oi~|éjxeji xaxioehih hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz -53"/ xio u jafa frbzx|i bo G|éceja 8%+

Zebf~|b yrb oi hajrfbkxijeúk bzxå a|hbkihi bk lizb i rk j|exb|ea/ jakzxexrub rk cejmb|a

ka irxafixepiha u ~a| xikxa zr`bxa i oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

Bo ~|bzbkxb i~i|xiha ac|bjb rki sezeúk ijb|ji hbo kesbo hb ~|b~i|ijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz ~i|i

oi i~oejijeúk hbo \HOA^H bk zr a~b|ixesi hei|ei zal|b oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+

Bo G|éceja 29 frbzx|i yrb rk <:" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb joizeceji| zrz hajrfbkxaz ~a|

kesbo hb jakcehbkjeioehih/ -~ðloeji/ jakcehbkjeio/ |bzb|sihi%+ Bzxi jrbzxeúk ka |bz~akhb i

rki aloegijeúk |bjagehi b}~|bzifbkxb bk oi obu a bk bo |bgoifbkxa4 ka alzxikxb/ zb x|ixi

hb rk ekhejea yrb frbzx|i oi fiua| zbkzeleoehih u ixbkjeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz bk bo fikb`a

hb hajrfbkxijeúk+ Bz hb zr~akb| yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ui sebkbk ef~obfbkxiha rk xe~a

hb joizecejijeúk hb zr hajrfbkxijeúk bk ~i~bo/ jafa bz/ bk bo jiza ikioepiha/ bo kesbo hb

jakcehbkjeioehih/ ~ah|ék ihi~xi|zb jak fiua| cijeoehih i oiz hez~azejeakbz gbkb|iobz hbo

|bgoifbkxa yrb icbjxik i oi zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+





G|éceja 280 ^ufbz yrb sik i hbzxeki| fbheaz ~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi zal|b

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz -"%

75"

99"

9>"

Zæ Ka KZ!KJ

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA

8+8 Ekz~bjjeakbz/ hbkrkjeiz u zikjeakbz hb|esihiz hbo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi

ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixazOaz i|xz+ 8: i 85 hb oi OA^H |bgroik bo ~|ajbhefebkxa zikjeakiha| yrb ~ah|é x|ifexi| oi

IB^H+ Bo ~|ajbhefebkxa zb ekejei jakx|i oaz |bz~akzilobz hb cejmb|az jrikha b}ezxik

~|rbliz |ipakilobz hb yrb zb mi ~|ahrjeha iogrki ekc|ijjeúk hb oaz ~|ekje~eaz u

gi|ikxæiz jakxbkehaz bk oi OA^H+

Bzxb i~i|xiha ikioepi/ ~a| rk oiha/ bo saorfbk hb bf~|bziz yrb zb mik sezxa icbjxihiz

~a| rki ekz~bjjeúk hb oi IB^H/ u ~a| ax|a/ bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa |bz~bjxa i oiz

zikjeakbz i oiz yrb ~rbhbk sb|zb zafbxehiz oiz bf~|bziz jafa jakzbjrbkjei hb rk

ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

Bo G|éceja 22 frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik zrc|eha iogrki ekz~bjjeúk ~a|

~i|xb hb oi Igbkjei+ Rk 52" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka milb| |bjeleha krkji rki

ekz~bjjeúk |boixesi i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ ^i|bjb yrb/ mizxi

ima|i/ oi ijxesehih hb oi IB^H zb mi sbkeha jbkx|ikha bk oi ekz~bjjeúk i bf~|bziz hb

fiua| xifiùa+





G|éceja 230 Kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi jrikxæi hb oiz zikjeakbz hb oi Igbkjei hb

^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz ~a| ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi OA^H -"%

5"

59"

Zæ Ka

Crbkxb0 EKXBJA





2 C\BKAZ ^I\I OI IHA^JEÚK U LBKBCEJEAZ

HB\ESIHAZ HB BOOIXio u jafa zb mi fazx|iha bk bo i~i|xiha 8/ oi zexrijeúk hb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb

zb |bceb|b io kesbo hb jakajefebkxa u iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

ka bz bz~bjeiofbkxb ~azexesi0 rk 33" ice|fi hbzjakajb| oi ka|fixesi/ u zúoa rk 93" hb

oiz ~ufbz ~i|xeje~ikxbz bk bo bzxrhea xebkbk zrz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H+

Bk bo ~|bzbkxb b~æg|icb zb ikioepik oaz c|bkaz a li||b|iz jak oaz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik oiz

~ufbz bk zr ~|ajbza hb iha~jeúk i oi ka|fixesi/ izæ jafa oaz lbkbcejeaz u sioa| iùiheha

yrb oi ef~obfbkxijeúk i~a|xi io kbgajea+

Ze lebk bk ikéoezez hb oaz lbkbcejeaz bz gbkå|eja u jafðk i xaha xe~a hb bf~|bziz/ oaz

c|bkaz ikioepihaz icbjxik bk bz~bjeio i oiz ~ufbz/ ui yrb xebkbk yrb sb| jak zrz

je|jrkzxikjeiz ~i|xejroi|bz hb |bhrjehiz hefbkzeakbz u oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz

-bjakúfejaz/ mrfikaz/ xåjkejaz% yrb ka icbjxi i oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz+

2+9 C|bkaz i oi iha~jeúk

Cioxi hb zbkzeleoehih mijei oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u

hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi obu

Oiz ~ufbz ka jakajbk oi ef~a|xikjei u kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio u ka bkxebkhbk bo ~a|yrå hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Bzxb

mbjma mijb yrb hbzjakapjik bk g|ik fbhehi oi OA^H u bo \HOA^H+

Bk ajizeakbz/ bz ~azelob yrb oi ~ufb xbkgi jakajefebkxa hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki obu/

~b|a hbzjakajbk oi aloegixa|ebhih hb oi fezfi u!a oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz hb zr

ekjrf~oefebkxa+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ b}ezxbk bf~|bziz yrb ka zb jakzehb|ik zr`bxiz i oi obu/

ui yrb bkxebkhbk yrb zb x|ixi hb hez~azejeakbz yrb icbjxik b}jorzesifbkxb i bf~|bziz

hb fiua| xifiùa+

Bzxb hbzjakajefebkxa u cioxi hb zbkzeleoepijeúk icbjxi ekjorza i oi jakzehb|ijeúk hb yrå

zak hixaz ~b|zakiobz u!a cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ b}ezxebkha ~ufbz yrb/ ~a| ka

jakajb| bo éflexa al`bxesa hb i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ ka zb jakzehb|ik icbjxihiz+

Oi Ihfekezx|ijeúk/ oi ~|a~ei Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ a|gikepijeakbz u ~ix|akiobz

bf~|bzi|eiobz/ izæ jafa bkxehihbz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz/ mik |bioepiha oila|bz ca|fixesiz u hb

zbkzeleoepijeúk+ ^i|bjb yrb zb mijb kbjbzi|ea zbgre| ~|acrkhepikha bk bzxb bzcrb|pa

ekca|fixesa+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




\bjmipa io jiflea

Ekjorza bk bo jiza hb jakajb| oi ka|fixesi/ b}ezxb bkx|b oiz ~ufbz rk |bjmipa i oizkasbhihbz+ Oi ihi~xijeúk i oi obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz zr~akb rk jiflea

bk oi a|gikepijeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk yrb icbjxi i xi|biz/ jakjb~xaz/ ~|ajbzaz u

fbjékejiz hb x|ilià+ Bo jaobjxesa ~ufb/ i ~|ea|e féz jakzb|siha| bk zr ca|fi hb

x|iliì|/ ~rbhb fazx|i| rki ~|bhez~azejeúk |bijei i xaha oa yrb ef~oeyrb jiflea

zrzxikjeio bk zr ca|fi hb a|gikepi| bo x|ilià/ ze hb booa ka zb hbz~|bkhb rk lbkbcejea

~b|jeleha ~i|i zr kbgajea+ Bk gbkb|io/ oiz bf~|bziz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik bk ~|ajbza hb

ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz oa ~b|jelbk jafa rki ef~azejeúk a

rki ji|gi u ka jafa ioga yrb i~a|xi sioa| i zr kbgajea+

â| booa/ oiz fbhehiz hb zbkzeleoepijeúk i ef~obfbkxi| hblbk xbkb| bk jrbkxi bzxije|jrkzxikjei/ mijebkha åkcizez bk bo sioa| iùiheha yrb oi ka|fixesi i~a|xi io kbgajea u

yrb oi ihi~xijeúk io jiflea |byreb|b rk bzcrb|pa ekejeio yrb i fbhea u oi|ga ~oipa bz

zbkjeooa hb fikbì|+

Oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz -bjakúfejaz/ mrfikaz u xebf~a%

^rbhb hi|zb bo jiza hb bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi ka|fixesi u ka frbzx|ik rk |bjmipa

c|akxio io jiflea yrb zr~akb/ ~b|a ka alzxikxb |bjakajbk rki oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz

kbjbzi|eaz ~i|i zr ja||bjxi ef~obfbkxijeúk+ Zb ~ah|æi hbje| yrb/ `rkxa jak bohbzjakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi/ åzxb bz bo faxesa yrb bk fiua| fbhehi c|bki i oiz

~ufbz i oi ma|i hb oi ihi~xijeúk+

Oiz ~ufbz/ ~a| oa gbkb|io/ jakzehb|ik yrb bo gizxa yrb zr~akb oi oila| hb ihi~xijeúk

-jakzroxa|æi/ ze a~xik ~a| bzxi a~jeúk/ u fbheaz fixb|eiobz jafa za~a|xbz hb

iofijbkifebkxa/ jakx|ao hb ijjbza oúgeja/ jec|iha/ bxj+%/ bz b}jbzesa b ekkbjbzi|ea/ bk

xikxa bk jrikxa ka obz |b~a|xi rk sioa| iùiheha ekfbheixa+

Hbo fezfa faha/ io x|ixi|zb hb ioga yrb jakzehb|ik jaf~obà/ jakzehb|ik yrb ka

hez~akbk hb ~b|zakio jak zrcejebkxbz jakajefebkxaz xåjkejaz bk oi fixb|ei/ u ~a| xikxa zb~oikxbik oi kbjbzehih hb jakx|ixi| i iogrebk bz~bjæceja+

Io b}jbzesa jazxb ~b|jeleha u oi cioxi hb |bjr|zaz mrfikaz jrioecejihaz zb rkb bo xebf~a

hb ihbjrijeúk/ yrb bk xahi oúgeji/ zb hbzsæi hb oi ijxesehih ~|ekje~io hbo kbgajea ~i|i

hbzxeki|zb io jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Bk gbkb|io/ zb

~b|jelb jafa rki xi|bi xbheazi yrb b}egb hbzsei| |bjr|zaz hb oi ijxesehih ~|ekje~io hbo

kbgajea+

â| booa/ bz kbjbzi|ea yrb bk oi oila| hecrza|i hb oi Ihfekezx|ijeúk zb xbkgi bk jrbkxi

bzxi je|jrkzxikjei/ ~i|i ekzx|re| hb ca|fi al`bxesi ijb|ji hbo jazxb/ xebf~a u |bjr|zaz

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




mrfikaz kbjbzi|eaz ~i|i oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ u cijeoexi| ~irxiz ~i|i fi}efepi|

oi bcbjxesehih+

Éflexa xåjkeja hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz

\boijeakiha jak oa ikxb|ea|/ zb bkjrbkx|i bo c|bka hb|esiha hbo éflexa b}jbzesifbkxb

xåjkeja hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ekca|féxeji

yrb zb hblbk ef~oikxi| zak xbfiz yrb ~rbhbk |bzroxi| jaf~obàz ~i|i oiz ~ufbz/ ka

hez~akebkha hb |bjr|zaz xåjkejaz -xikxa fixb|eiobz jafa mrfikaz% ji~ijbz hb mijb|obz

c|bkxb+

Iogrkiz jakzroxa|iz bz~bjeioepihiz bk cijeoexi| oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi bkx|b oiz

~ufbz j|exejik yrb/ ~|bjezifbkxb ~a| bo ji|éjxb| xåjkeja hb oi ka|fi/ bk ajizeakbz oizef~oikxijeakbz ka zb mijbk jak rk kesbo hb bcbjxesehih hbo 9>>" ui yrb ~rbhbk

hbzjrehi| iz~bjxaz hb xe~a ekca|féxeja ‚ xåjkeja/ a obgio/ bk crkjeúk hbo ~b|ceo hbo

ef~obfbkxiha|+

B||úkbi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi

Ekjorza bk oaz jizaz bk oaz yrb zb oi ~ufb ef~oikxi oi ka|fixesi/ åzxi zb mijb hb ca|fi

b||úkbi+ I oa oi|ga hbo ekca|fb zb mik ~|bzbkxiha krfb|azaz b`bf~oaz hb zexrijeakbz bk

oiz yrb oiz bf~|bziz/ ekse|xebkha fbheaz ~i|i izbgr|i| oi ef~oikxijeúk/ ka bzxék bk

zexrijeúk jaf~obxifbkxb i`rzxihi i oi obu+ Zb x|ixi hb jakjb~xaz u |byrezexaz

jaf~oejihaz -~b|ceobz hb rzri|ea/ ~b|fezaz‣%/ u hb zexrijeakbz yrb oiz bf~|bziz ~rbhbk

bzxi| jakzehb|ikha i`rzxihiz i oi obu jrikha |biofbkxb ka bz izæ -eksaorj|ijeúk hb xaha

bo ~b|zakio hb oi bf~|bzi/ |bioepijeúk hb irhexa|æiz/ |bgezx|az hb bkx|ihi u zioehi hb

hixaz‣%+

2+< Lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi ef~oikxijeúk

\bjakajebkha oi b}ezxbkjei hb oaz c|bkaz ikxb|ea|fbkxb hbzj|exaz/ b ekzezxebkha bk oi

kbjbzehih hb ef~obfbkxi| fbhehiz ~i|i fekefepi|oaz/ bz kbjbzi|ea ~rkxrioepi| yrb oi

iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz i~a|xi rki zb|eb hb lbkbcejeaz yrb zb

x|ihrjbk bk rk sioa| iùiheha ~i|i oi bf~|bzi+ â| booa/ oiz ijjeakbz hb jakjebkjeijeúk u

ca|fijeúk hblbk e| bkjifekihiz i oi b}~azejeúk hb oiz sbkxiìz hb|esihiz hb oi iha~jeúk

hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

Bo sioa| hb oaz hixaz

Oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz zak sioeazaz bk zæ fezfaz+ Oi xbkhbkjei ijxrio bz i jakzehb|i|oaz

rk ijxesa féz hb oi bf~|bzi+ Oaz hixaz zak ekca|fijeúk/ u oi ekca|fijeúk bz sioeazi+ â|

booa/ bz kbjbzi|ea mijb| rk bzcrb|pa ~a| ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| zrjakcehbkjeioehih -ekxb|ki u b}xb|ki% u bsexi| ~azelobz ekjehbkjeiz hb zbgr|ehih0 ~å|hehi/

crgi a |ala hb ekca|fijeúk yrb ~rbhb mijb| oobgi| oaz hixaz i ~b|zakiz ekihbjrihiz

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




-bf~|bziz hb oi jaf~bxbkjei/ fbheaz hb jafrkejijeúk/ bf~obihaz fioekxbkjeakihaz‣%+

Rki ekjehbkjei hb bzxb xe~a ~rbhb xbkb| jakzbjrbkjeiz fru kbgixesiz ~i|i oi bf~|bzi/ u

bk ajizeakbz oaz bf~|bzi|eaz ka zb mik ~oikxbiha oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz ikxb oi ~å|hehi hbrki lizb hb hixaz hb joebkxbz/ ~|asbbha|bz a bf~obihaz+

Irfbkxa hb jioehih bk oiz a~b|ijeakbz

Oi ihi~xijeúk hb oi ~ufb ~i|i bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi OA^H jakx|elrub i fbà|i| oaz

~|ajbzaz hb fikbà hb oi ekca|fijeúk/ ui yrb ~|a~a|jeaki rki jroxr|i hb jioehih bk bo

x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz u oi gbzxeúk hbo kbgajea yrb ~rbhb x|izoihi|zb i ax|az ~|ajbzaz

hb oi bf~|bzi+ Rki jrbzxeúk xik lézeji jafa ~akb| bk a|hbk oi ekca|fijeúk jakx|elrub

bk ajizeakbz i hbxbjxi| ~|alobfiz a ji|bkjeiz hbo kbgajea+

Fbà|i hb oi efigbk ja|~a|ixesi

Bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz gi|ikxepi oi jakcehbkjeioehih u

bo hb|bjma i oi ekxefehih hb oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz jbhehaz+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ bz rki

|bcb|bkjei u gi|ikxæi hb zb|ebhih u jakceikpi ~i|i oaz ijxa|bz yrb zb |boijeakik jak oiz

~ufbz bk zr x|éceja hei|ea/ ~|ekje~iofbkxb joebkxbz u ~|asbbha|bz/ ~b|a xifleåk bf~|bziz

hb oi jaf~bxbkjei+ Izæ/ iogrkiz ~ufbz |bjakajbk milb| ekejeiha bo ~|ajbza hb

ihi~xijeúk i oi obu ikxb rki zaoejexrh hb iogrka hb zrz joebkxbz/ a ikxb oi gbkb|ioepijeúk

hb oi jroxr|i hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b bf~|bziz ~b|xbkbjebkxbz i zr zbjxa| hbijxesehih+ Bk gbkb|io/ oa jakzehb|ik lbkbcejeaza ~i|i oi ~|a~ei efigbk u rki

fikecbzxijeúk hb oi |bz~akzileoehih zajeio ja|~a|ixesi+

Bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio

Oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio yrb if~i|i i xahaz oaz jerhihikaz/ u

~i|i zr gi|ikxæi bcbjxesi oiz bf~|bziz mik hb jrf~oe| oiz hez~azejeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi

obu+ Hb oa jakx|i|ea/ ~rbhbk sb|zb icbjxihiz ~a| hbkrkjeiz a zikjeakbz+ Oi Igbkjei

Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ jafa ú|gika jaf~bxbkxb hbjoi|iha bk oi Obu/ xebkb

oiz ix|elrjeakbz kbjbzi|eiz ~i|i |bioepi| ekz~bjjeakbz u zikjeaki| i oaz yrb ekjrf~obk oika|fixesi+ Oiz bf~|bziz yrb hez~akbk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~rbhbk sb|zb

eksaorj|ihiz bk zikjeakbz |bioepihiz lià hbkrkjeiz hb oaz hecb|bkxbz igbkxbz yrb

~i|xeje~ik bk bo kbgajea ui zbi ~a| ~i|xb hb zrz joebkxbz/ jaoila|iha|bz a bf~obihaz+

Jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi bz rki aloegijeúk jihi hæi féz oixbkxb hbleha bk fiua|

fbhehi i oiz zikjeakbz u/ bk a~ekeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz ~i|xeje~ikxbz bk bo

bzxrhea/ bz bo febha i oiz zikjeakbz bo faxesa ~|ekje~io yrb bf~rì i oiz ~ufbz i jrf~oe|

oi ka|fixesi+

Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




Cijeoehih bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk

Oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz ekzezxb bk yrb bo jrf~oefebkxa bz fézzbkjeooa u égeo hb oa yrb ekejeiofbkxb ~rbhbk jakzehb|i| oiz ~ufbz+ Izæ/ hbzhb oi IB^H zb

mik ~rbzxa bk fi|jmi krfb|aziz ijjeakbz cijeoexiha|iz ~i|i zef~oeceji| oaz x|éfexbz

ca|fiobz hb oaz |bz~akzilobz hb oaz cejmb|az0 zbzeakbz ileb|xiz hb hecrzeúk/ græiz jak

~irxiz ~i|i bo ja||bjxa jrf~oefebkxa -|bjebkxbfbkxb oi IB^H mi ~rloejiha oi Græi hbo

\bz~akzilob hb cejmb|az %/ ef~obfbkxijeúk hbo zezxbfi KAXI/ fahboaz hb kaxecejijeúk

~|bjrf~oefbkxihaz ~i|i ekzj|ele| oaz cejmb|az/ g|ixrehih hb oi ekzj|e~jeúk‣ Bzxiz

ekejeixesiz zb mi jaf~obfbkxiha bk zb~xebfl|b hb <>>7 jak oi ce|fi hb rk Jaksbkea

bkx|b oi IB^H u bo Fekezxb|ea hb Ekhrzx|ei ~i|i cijeoexi| oi ekzj|e~jeúk hb oaz cejmb|az hb oiz

~ufbz jakzxexrehiz xbobféxejifbkxb i x|isåz hb oaz ÎEX -^rkxaz hb Izbza|ifebkxa b

ekejea hb x|ifexijeúk%+ Bk bzxb fezfa zbkxeha/ EKXBJA mi boila|iha oi Græi lézeji ~i|i

oi ~ufb hb ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ jak ekca|fijeúk hb ekxb|åz

~i|i iyrbooiz bf~|bziz yrb bzxåk ef~obfbkxikha oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb

hixaz+

Ihbféz/ bk oiz ~ufbz jakjr||bk rki zb|eb hb je|jrkzxikjeiz yrb/ miloikha bk xå|fekaz

gbkb|iobz/ ~rbhbk cijeoexi| oi a|gikepijeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk+ Izæ/ ~i|bjb oúgeja ~bkzi|

yrb bo fbka| xifiùa u corà hb kbgajea yrb fikbì rki ~ufb/ bk jaf~i|ijeúk jak rki

g|ik bf~|bzi/ ~rbhb ef~oeji| rk fbka| saorfbk hb ekca|fijeúk fikbìhi u ~a| xikxa

cijeoexi| zr a|hbkijeúk u jakx|ao+

J|bijeúk hb rk bkxa|ka hb zbgr|ehih

Oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~rbhb jakzxexre| bo ~|efb| ~iza

~i|i a|ebkxi| i oi bf~|bzi mijei rk bkxa|ka hb zbgr|ehih féz iflejeaza+ Izæ/ b}ezxbk bk

oi ijxrioehih zezxbfiz hb gbzxeúk hb zbgr|ehih hb oi ekca|fijeúk -ZGZE% yrb ~b|zegrbk/

~a| rk oiha/ ekja|~a|i| oi zbgr|ehih bk oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz

jafa bobfbkxa hb oi fbà|i hb oi gbzxeúk u hb oi jaf~bxexesehih u/ ~a| ax|a/ ac|bjb|

~|axbjjeúk jakx|i oaz |ebzgaz u ~å|hehiz izajeihaz io j|bjebkxb rza hb xbjkaoagæiz hb oiekca|fijeúk u hb oi jafrkejijeúk bk oiz bf~|bziz+ EKXBJA bzxé hbzi||aooikha rk

~|aubjxa ~eoaxa bk bzxb zbkxeha/ cijeoexikha/ jak`rkxifbkxb jak oiz Jéfi|iz hb Jafb|jea/

oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb ZGZE bk oiz ~ufbz+





3 JAKJORZEAKBZ

Oi jakjorzeúk ~|ekje~io hbo bzxrhea bz joi|i0 oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bzbzjizifbkxb jakajehi u ka zrcejebkxbfbkxb ef~oikxihi bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb/ ~a| oa yrb

ka ~i|bjb yrb oiz ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz zb bkjrbkx|bk ~|b~i|ihiz ~i|i mijb| c|bkxb i oiz

krbsiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~|bsezxiz bk bo \HOA^H yrb icbjxik i cejmb|az ka

irxafixepihaz bk oaz ~oipaz yrb jakxbf~oi bo |bgoifbkxa+

Bo hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zb fikecebzxi xikxa i x|isåz hb oi |bz~rbzxi hb oiz

bf~|bziz ikxb oi ~|bgrkxi he|bjxi zal|b bo jakajefebkxa hb oi obgezoijeúk -rk 33" ice|fi

ileb|xifbkxb ka jakajb| oi OA^H/ u rk =2" fikecebzxi oa ~|a~ea jak |bz~bjxa io

\HOA^H%/ jafa fbheikxb oaz ekhejeaz ikioepihaz i oa oi|ga hbo bzxrhea u hb|esihaz hboiz eksbzxegijeakbz jrikxexixesi u jrioexixesi+ Ka zb ~rbhb ice|fi|/ bk jiflea/ yrb xahiz

oiz bf~|bziz zb bkjrbkx|bk bk rk bzxihea zefeoi| hb egka|ikjei hb oi ka|fixesi4 izæ/

b}ezxb rk if~oea ilikeja hb je|jrkzxikjeiz bkx|b oiz ~ufbz yrb ili|jik hbzhb bf~|bziz

yrb ke zeyreb|i mik aæha miloi| hb oi obu/ mizxi jizaz yrb jakajbk oi b}ezxbkjei hb oi

fezfi/ ~b|a hbzjakajbk oi aloegixa|ebhih hb zr jrf~oefebkxa/ zr éflexa hb i~oejijeúk/

oiz ef~oejijeakbz jakj|bxiz ~i|i zr kbgajea/ oiz zikjeakbz i oiz yrb zb ~rbhbk bkc|bkxi|

bk jiza hb ekjrf~oefebkxa a oaz ~oipaz hb ihbjrijeúk/ ~a| ~akb| zúoa b`bf~oaz+

Bo kesbo hb hbzjakajefebkxa bz féz ijrziha bk oa yrb icbjxi io \HOA^H -oúgeja/ ~a|

ax|i ~i|xb/ xbkebkha bk jrbkxi oi |bjebkxb cbjmi hb bkx|ihi bk sega| hbo fezfa%+

^i|bjb yrb oiz ijjeakbz ca|fixesiz b ekca|fixesiz oobsihiz i jila ~a| oiz

ihfekezx|ijeakbz/ IB^H/ izajeijeakbz bf~|bzi|eiobz u zbjxa|eiobz/ jéfi|iz hb jafb|jea/

bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz/ bxj+/ ka mik iojikpiha oi bcbjxesehih hbzbihi/ a ka mik xbkeha

zrcejebkxbfbkxb bk jrbkxi oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hbo jaobjxesa i oi ma|i hb boila|i|

ijjeakbz bz~bjæcejifbkxb he|egehiz i booiz+

Bk jrioyreb| jiza/ bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hbjoi|iha bz fru ekcb|ea| io hbjoi|iha ~a| bo

|bzxa hb oi ~aloijeúk+ Izæ/ bo li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ hb cbl|b|a hb <>>= ekjoræi jrbzxeakbz|boixesiz i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ u bk åo zb fazx|ili júfa rk 2<" hb oi ~aloijeúk

bz~iùaoi ice|fi zb| jakzjebkxb hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb

hixaz/ c|bkxb i zúoa rk :8" bk bo jiza hbo jaobjxesa ~ufb+ Bo bzcrb|pa zbkzeleoepiha| mi

hb bzxi| a|ebkxiha bz~bjæcejifbkxb io bkxa|ka ~ufb/ yrb/ miloikha bk xå|fekaz

gbkb|iobz/ ~|bzbkxik rkiz je|jrkzxikjeiz jafrkbz yrb oiz ji|ijxb|epik u hecb|bkjeik hb

oiz bf~|bziz hb fiua| xifiùa+

Bk ~i|xb jakzbjrbkjei hbo bzjiza jakajefebkxa/ bo kesbo hb ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi

ka|fixesi bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz bz hbcejebkxb+ Oi IB^H jakzehb|i yrb ka féz hbrk 9>&92" hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz xebkbk zrz cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz hbjoi|ihaz

ikxb bo |bgezx|a hb oi Igbkjei+





Bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa bkx|b oiz bf~|bziz ka bz mafagåkba/ b}ezxebkha bf~|bziz yrb

ekjrf~obk jaf~obxifbkxb oiz hez~azejeakbz hb oi obu/ u ax|iz yrb bzxék ~i|jeiofbkxb

ihi~xihiz i oi ka|fixesi -~a|yrb xebkbk |bgezx|ihaz oaz cejmb|az/ ~a|yrb zb mik ihi~xihairkyrb ka mik mbjma zbgrefebkxaz/ ijxrioepijeakbz u!a irhexa|æiz ~azxb|ea|bz‣%+ â|

xikxa/ bz kbjbzi|ea yrb bo bzcrb|pa bk bzxb zbkxeha zbi jakxekriha u zazxbkeha+

Hbx|éz hbo oefexiha kesbo hb iha~jeúk zb bkjrbkx|i/ i~i|xb hb rki bzjizi jroxr|i u

jakjebkjeijeúk zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz/ oi jakzehb|ijeúk ~a| oiz ~ufbz

hb yrb zb x|ixi hb rki aloegijeúk obgio yrb ef~oeji xi|biz xbheaziz u jaf~obìz u yrb ka

i~a|xi kekgðk sioa| iùiheha i zr kbgajea/ bo hbzjakajefebkxa hb oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz hb

ekjrf~oefebkxa/ u oi oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz mrfikaz/ bjakúfejaz u xåjkejaz ~i|i mijb|

c|bkxb i oi iha~jeúk+ Zb x|ixi/ bk zr fiua|æi/ hb li||b|iz hbjoi|ihiz ~a| oiz ~|a~eiz

~ufbz yrb bk frjmiz ajizeakbz ~rbhbk zb| céjeofbkxb zaosbkxihiz jak ijjeakbz

ca|fixesiz jakj|bxiz u bcbjxesiz+

â| xaha booa/ ~i|bjb yrb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bzxé iðk iobìhi hb bzxi| bk jakhejeakbz hb

ic|akxi| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oiz aloegijeakbz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio

bk za~a|xb ~i~bo0 ka jakajb oiz aloegijeakbz u xahisæi ka mi sioa|iha oi zexrijeúk b

ef~oejijeakbz ekxb|kiz hbo kbgajea+

Bk bzxb jakxb}xa/ bz kbjbzi|ea rk bzcrb|pa hb jakjebkjeijeúk u hecrzeúk ~a| ~i|xb hb

xahaz oaz igbkxbz ef~oejihaz0 oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz u irxa|ehihbz jaf~bxbkxbz/ yrb mikhb jakjebkjei| i oiz bf~|bziz zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi zal|b

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz4 bo ~|a~ea xbèha bf~|bzi|eio -jéfi|iz hb jafb|jea/ ~ix|akiobz/

izajeijeakbz%/ yrb/ jafa jakajbha| hb ~|efb|i fika hb oi |bioehih bf~|bzi|eio/ ~rbhb

ac|bjb| oiz zaorjeakbz hb ca|fijeúk b ekca|fijeúk yrb fbà| |bz~akhbk i oiz

~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb oiz ~ufbz4 oiz bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz u cijeoexiha|iz -gbzxa|æiz/

jakzroxa|iz%/ yrb bzxék bk jakhejeakbz hb |bioepi| rk ja||bjxa heigkúzxeja zal|b oi

zexrijeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz u ~oikeceji| hb ca|fi bcejebkxb zr ef~oikxijeúk4 ~a| ðoxefa/ oi

~|a~ei ekb|jei hbo fb|jiha jakx|elre|é i gbkb|ioepi| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b

~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b bo xbèha ~ufb0 i fbhehi yrb zb hecrkhi bkx|b oi ~aloijeúk bob`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz yrb oi obu axa|gi i xaha jerhihika/ oiz bf~|bziz zb ihi~xi|ék

i oa hez~rbzxa bk oi obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+





7 \BJAFBKHIJEAKBZ HB IJXRIJEÚK

Jakzbjrbkjei hbo heigkúzxeja |bioepiha bk bo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea/ zb ca|froik ijakxekrijeúk rki zb|eb hb |bjafbkhijeakbz/ yrb icbjxik xikxa io zbjxa| ~ðloeja jafa io

~|esiha/ u yrb xebkbk jafa al`bxesa ekj|bfbkxi| oi xizi hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi

zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz+ Oiz fbhehiz hb ijxrijeúk

|bjafbkhihiz ~izik ~a| zbgre| |bioepikha ijjeakbz hb jakjebkjeijeúk io jaobjxesa/ xikxa

~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz jafa ~a| ~i|xb hbo |bzxa hb ijxa|bz ef~oejihaz0

izajeijeakbz zbjxa|eiobz/ jéfi|iz hb jafb|jea/ bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz u cijeoexiha|iz‣

7+9 \bjafbkhijeakbz i oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz

Ekj|bfbkxi| oi ekxbkzehih hb oiz ijjeakbz hb zbkzeleoepijeúk u ihi~xi|oiz i oizkbjbzehihbz hbo jaobjxesa ~ufb

î|i fexegi| bo lià kesbo hb jakajefebkxa u i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk

hb hixaz/ bz kbjbzi|ea ~axbkjei| oi ca|fijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk he|egehiz i oiz ~ufbz+ Bzxb

bzcrb|pa ka xebkb ~a| yrå hb zb| b}jorzesa hb oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz/ jafa zb mi

fbkjeakiha ikxb|ea|fbkxb+

Zb|æi hbzbilob yrb oiz fbhehiz hb zbkzeleoepijeúk jrf~oebzbk jak oiz zegrebkxbz

ji|ijxb|æzxejiz0

• Bk ~|efb| orgi|/ |bz~bjxa io éflexa al`bxesa/ ~rbhb |bzroxi| ~azexesa oi ihi~xijeúk

hb oiz ijjeakbz i oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb oiz ~ufbz+ Ka zb hblb aosehi| yrb bo

jaobjxesa hb ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz jrbkxi jak rkiz je|jrkzxikjeiz ~|a~eiz yrb oiz

ji|ijxb|epik u hecb|bkjeik hb oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz+ Ijjeakbz ca|fixesiz yrb

xbkgik bk jrbkxi u izrfik bzxiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz -lézejifbkxb/ oefexijeúk hb

|bjr|zaz mrfikaz/ bjakúfejaz u xåjkejaz% ~rbhbk |bzroxi| féz bcbjxesiz yrb

ijjeakbz hb xe~a féz gbkå|eja+ Ekjorza/ zb ~rbhbk ~oikxbi| ijjeakbz

zbgfbkxihiz ~a| zbjxa|bz jakj|bxaz hbkx|a hbo jaobjxesa ~ufb+

• â| oa yrb |bz~bjxi io bkcayrb/ åzxb hblb|æi zb| hehéjxeja/ ka ef~azexesa+ Zb

hbxbjxi bkx|b bo jaobjxesa ~ufb rki cioxi hb jroxr|i zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb|

oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz4 izæ/ bk a~ekeúk hb oi fiua|æi hb oiz bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz

~i|xeje~ikxbz bk bo bzxrhea/ oiz ~ufbz yrb jrf~obk jak oi ka|fixesi oa mijbk bk

g|ik fbhehi ~a| jrl|e|zb ikxb bo |ebzga hb rki ~azelob zikjeúk hb oi IB^H/ u ka

~a|yrb bzxåk jakjebkjeihiz zal|b zrz lbkbcejeaz+ î|i ca|fi| i oiz bf~|bziz u

gbkb|ioepi| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi bz hbzbilob yrb åzxiz zbik

jakzjebkxbz hb oiz ef~oejijeakbz yrb bzxb hb|bjma crkhifbkxio xebkb ~i|i xahaz

oaz jerhihikaz/ u hb oaz lbkbcejeaz yrb ~rbhb xbkb| ~i|i zr ~|a~ea kbgajea+





Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk

• â| ðoxefa/ |bz~bjxa io jakxbkeha hb oi ca|fijeúk/ åzxb hblb jrl|e| hecb|bkxbz

~i|xbz hb oi ka|fixesi+ Jafa zb mi fazx|iha ikxb|ea|fbkxb/ bo kesbo hb

hbzjakajefebkxa hb oiz bf~|bziz ka bz mafagåkba/ b}ezxebkha ~ufbz yrb krkjimik aæha miloi| hb oi obu u ax|iz yrb hbzjakajbk iz~bjxaz jakj|bxaz hb oi

fezfi+ â| booa bz joisb i|xejroi| rk ~|ag|ifi hb jakjebkjeijeúk ihi~xiha io

bzxihea hb jakajefebkxa hb oi!z bf~|bzi!z ~i|xeje~ikxb!z+ Zb bkrfb|ik i

jakxekrijeúk rki zb|eb hb iz~bjxaz bk oaz yrb sioh|æi oi ~bki ~|acrkhepi| bk oiz

ijjeakbz hb ca|fijeúk0

a Kbjbzehih hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ yrå i~a|xi i oi jerhihikæi u yrå

i~a|xi io kbgajea+

a Éflexa hb i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi bk Bz~iùi+ Zb x|ixi hb |bja|hi| yrb

oi ka|fi bz aloegixa|ei jak ekhb~bkhbkjei hb oiz hefbkzeakbz u!a

cijxr|ijeúk hb oi bf~|bzi+

a Ekca|fijeúk zal|b oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz0 lrbki

~i|xb hb oi zajebhih bz~iùaoi xahisæi ka bzxé cifeoei|epihi jak oi IB^H+

Hb bzxb faha/ bo li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ hb cbl|b|a hb <>>= 9> frbzx|i yrb rk

28/8" hb oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi ice|fi ka jakajb| oi IB^H+ Ikxb oi

~|bgrkxi ±i x|isåz hb yrå fbhea hbkrkjei|æi oi rxeoepijeúk hb zrz hixaz

~b|zakiobz zek zr jakzbkxefebkxa1 zúoa rk 92/2" fikecebzxi yrb oa mi|æi ix|isåz hbo ‟a|gikezfa ~ðloeja bkji|giha hb xrxboi| i oaz jerhihikaz bk

bzxi fixb|ei‖+ Rk 9</=" oa mi|æi i x|isåz hb rki izajeijeúk hb

jakzrfeha|bz u rzri|eaz u rk =/9" bk oaz iurkxifebkxaz+ Rk 9</:"

|bjakajb ka zilb| húkhb he|ege|zb+ Xaha booa ~i|bjb jakce|fi| yrb bo

jakajefebkxa hb oi IB^H ka bz/ bkx|b oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi/ rkesb|zio+ Bk

lizb i oaz hixaz hbo li|úfbx|a/ u i oaz ~|bzbkxihaz bk bzxb bzxrhea/ jilb

bz~b|i| yrb bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz oi zexrijeúk ka zbi hecb|bkxb+ Zb

mijb ~a| booa kbjbzi|ea |bca|pi| oi jafrkejijeúk zal|b oi IB^H/ zrz

crkjeakbz u |bz~akzileoehihbz bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

a Joi|ecejijeúk zal|b oiz hez~azejeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi obgezoijeúk0 oi

xb|fekaoagæi bf~obihi xikxa bk oi obu jafa bk bo |bgoifbkxa bz

b}jbzesifbkxb xåjkeji/ u ~rbhb |bzroxi| i ~ufbz ka cifeoei|epihiz rki

ekca|fijeúk xbheazi u jaf~obì+ Oi ‟x|ihrjjeúk‖ hb oi ka|fixesi io eheafi

milexrio hb oiz ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz ~rbhb iurhi|obz i jaf~|bkhb| oiz

9> JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%





ef~oejijeakbz jakj|bxiz+ Bo Br|ali|úfbx|a99 ikioepi b}~oæjexifbkxb bzxb

~rkxa+ Ikxb oi ~|bgrkxi i oiz bf~|bziz hb ze cisa|bjb|æik rk ‟joi|ecejijeúk

hb oi i~oejijeúk ~|éjxeji hb oiz hbcekejeakbz u jakjb~xaz joisb hb oihe|bjxesi br|a~bi u hb oiz obubz kijeakiobz zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz‖/ rk

73" hb oiz bf~|bziz br|a~biz jakzroxihiz |bz~akhb ice|fixesifbkxb+ Bk

bo jiza hb bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz/ bo ~a|jbkxi`b izjebkhb io 57"0 jize oi

xaxioehih hb oiz bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz -jilb |bja|hi| bk bzxb ~rkxa yrb bo

Br|ali|úfbx|a ka ili|ji b}jorzesifbkxb i ~ufbz/ zeka i bf~|bziz hb

féz hb <> bf~obihaz% ig|ihbjb|æi rki joi|ecejijeúk xb|fekaoúgeji hb oi

obu zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+

Xbkb| bk jrbkxi oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb oiz ~ufbz -bk hefbkzeakbz/ zbjxa| hb ijxesehih/

cijxr|ijeúk/ xe~aoagæi hb hixaz/ hez~akeleoehih hb |bjr|zaz mrfikaz/ bjakúfejaz u

xåjkejaz‣% ~i|i fahroi| oiz b}egbkjeiz ka|fixesiz

Oi obgezoijeúk ijxrio ka jakxbf~oi hecb|bkjeiz bkx|b oiz G|ikhbz Bf~|bziz u oiz ~ufbz

bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi i aloegijeakbz/ kesbo hb b}egbkjei ke jrikxæi hb zikjeakbz+ Oi OA^H

bzxilobjb rk fi|ja gbkb|io ~i|i xahiz oiz bf~|bziz/ u hblb zb| jrf~oehi ~a| xahaz+ Oi

ceoazacæi hb oi ka|fixesi bz~iùaoi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz xbkb| bk jrbkxi oi g|isbhih

hb oi ekc|ijjeúk/ zebkha e||bobsikxb oiz hefbkzeakbz+

Oa jeb|xa bz yrb zb x|ixi hb haz |bioehihbz jaf~obxifbkxb hecb|bkxbz/ u bo obgezoiha|hblb|æi xbkb| bk jrbkxi bzxiz hecb|bkjeiz ~i|i fahroi| zrz hez~azejeakbz+ Ka zb x|ixi hb

bzxilobjb| fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih r aloegijeakbz hecb|bkxbz bk crkjeúk hbo xifiùa hb oi

bf~|bzi/ ~b|a zæ hb xbkb| bk jrbkxi oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb jihi jaobjxesa ~i|i

gi|ikxepi| rki i~oejijeúk bcejip+ I xæxroa hb b`bf~oa0

• Fiua| bzcrb|pa ca|fixesa he|egeha i oiz ~ufbz0 bzxb ~rkxa ui zb mi jafbkxiha

ikxb|ea|fbkxb+ Hiha yrb/ zbgðk hbjoi|ijeakbz hb oi ~|a~ei IB^H/ oiz g|ikhbz

bf~|bziz mik zeha oiz yrb ~|efb|a mik ef~oikxiha oi ka|fixesi/ bz oúgeja ~bkzi|

yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb xahisæi ka zb mik ihi~xiha i oi OA^H zak ~ufbz/ u ~a|xikxa bo bzcrb|pa mi hb e| cajioepiha i bzxiz bf~|bziz+

• Boila|ijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz bz~bjæcejifbkxb he|egehiz i oiz ~ufbz0 mizxi

ima|i oi IB^H bzxé boila|ikha |bjafbkhijeakbz ~a| zbjxa| hb ijxesehih/ zek

xbkb| bk jrbkxi bo xifiùa hb oi bf~|bzi+ Zb ~ah|æi jakzehb|i| i oi ~ufb jafa

rk jaobjxesa/ irkyrb x|ikzsb|zio i frjmaz zbjxa|bz/ yrb fb|bjb|æi oi ~bki zb|

jakzehb|iha bk zr jak`rkxa+






• Fahroi| oi jrikxæi hb oiz zikjeakbz xbkebkha bk jrbkxi ~i|éfbx|az ekxb|kaz hb oi

bf~|bzi -~a| b`bf~oa/ rk ~a|jbkxi`b hb zr cijxr|ijeúk%+ Oi jrikxæi hb oiz

zikjeakbz bz ioxi -mizxi 3>>+>>> br|az% b ekic|akxilob ~i|i frjmiz ~ufbz+

• Ax|iz fbhehiz ~ah|æik zb| oi if~oeijeúk hb oaz ~b|æahaz x|ikzexa|eaz

-bzxilobjebkha féz if~oeaz ~i|i oiz ~ufbz yrb ~i|i oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz%/ bo

bzxilobjefebkxa hb zb|sejeaz ~ðloejaz xbobcúkejaz r akoekb hb iurhi i oi

ef~obfbkxijeúk‣

• ^a| ðoxefa/ rki ~i|xb hb oi ~aloijeúk ilagi ~a| rki obgezoijeúk bz~bjæceji ~i|i

jihi zbjxa| hb ijxesehih+ Ka zb x|ixi hb rki zaorjeúk zbkjeooi ke i~oejilob bk bo

ja|xa ~oipa/ ~b|a bo 37" hb oiz bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz -u bo 23" hb oiz br|a~biz% 9<

cisa|bjb|æik rki ekejeixesi hb bzxb xe~a+

Cijeoexi| bo ~|ajbza hb ihi~xijeúk/ ac|bjebkha i oiz ~ufbz ~irxiz u mb||ifebkxiz ~i|i

rki ef~obfbkxijeúk égeo u zbkjeooi+

Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ oi IB^H mi ~rbzxa bk fi|jmi mb||ifebkxiz ~i|i zef~oeceji| u igeoepi| oaz

x|éfexbz hb ekzj|e~jeúk hb cejmb|az+ Xifleåk mi ~rloejiha græiz/ hez~akelobz i x|isåz hb

www+ig~h+bz/ u a|gikepiha zbfeki|eaz u zbzeakbz ileb|xiz+ Hbo fezfa faha/ EKXBJA

mi boila|iha rki Græi lézeji ~i|i oi ~ufb hb ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk

hb hixaz / yrb ~|bxbkhb zb| bo ~rkxa hb ~i|xehi ~i|i yrb oaz bkji|gihaz hb bzxizbf~|bziz jafebkjbk i ca|fi|zb bk oi ka|fixesi u zebkxbk rki lizb ekejeio hb ~i|xehi

~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi fezfi+ Xifleåk ac|bjb bk www+ekxbja+bz rk jixéoaga hb jakzroxa|bz

b}~b|xaz bk irhexi| b ef~obfbkxi| oi ka|fixesi OA^H bkx|b oiz ~ufbz+ Hbzhb EKXBJA/

oi |bjafbkhijeúk bz |bjr||e| i oaz ~|acbzeakiobz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| oi jioehih bk bo

jrf~oefebkxa+

Fbhehiz cijeoexiha|iz féz ig|bzesiz ~ah|æik zb| ac|bjb| zrlsbkjeakbz u!a ekjbkxesaz i

oiz ~ufbz yrb zb ihi~xbk i oi ka|fixesi+

7+< \bjafbkhijeakbz io zbjxa| ~|esiha

• ^i|i oi ef~obfbkxijeúk/ |bjr||e| ze bz kbjbzi|ea i rk xb|jb|a+ Rk ioxa ~a|jbkxi`b

hb bf~|bziz yrb mik xbkeha å}exa bk oi ef~oikxijeúk hb oi OA^H u \HOA^H zb

mik i~auiha bk rki bf~|bzi b}xb|ki jak b}~b|ebkjei bk oi fixb|ei+ Bk bzxaz

jizaz/ bz kbjbzi|ea izbgr|i|zb hb yrb oi bf~|bzi ~|bzj|e~xa|i bzxé jrioecejihi

bk oi fixb|ei+ Bk www+ekxbja+bz zb ac|bjb rk jixéoaga hb jakzroxa|bz+

9< Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+

http://www.agpd.es/

http://www.inteco.es/




http://www.agpd.es/




• Bsiori| ~b|eúhejifbkxb bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa/ i x|isåz hb irhexa|æiz u fbhehiz

hb zbgrefebkxa+

• Ekzxi| i oiz izajeijeakbz bf~|bzi|eiobz i ~|afasb| oi ce|fi hb ijrb|haz

zbjxa|eiobz yrb ili|ixbk oi ef~oikxijeúk u i~oejijeúk hb ZGZE u oi OA^H/

cijeoexikha oi |bkasijeúk hb byre~az u oi ekx|ahrjjeúk hb fbheaz xbjkaoúgejaz bk oi

gbzxeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz+

• Irxa||bgroijeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz hbhejihiz i ~|bzj|ele| u!a cijeoexi| bo ~|ajbza hb

ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi/ io bzxeoa hb izajeijeúk a jaobgeijeúk hb oaz

~|acbzeakiobz hbo zbjxa|+





ÆKHEJB HB G\ÉCEJAZ

G|éceja 90 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi OA^H -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:8 G|éceja <0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk bo \HOA^H -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:2 G|éceja :0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz bk kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa

-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:7 G|éceja 80 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik

hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:= G|éceja 20 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:= G|éceja 30 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++:5 G|éceja 70 Xe~aoagæi hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio fikbìhaz hbkx|a hb oaz cejmb|az

irxafixepihaz -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8> G|éceja =0 I~oejijeúk hb iogrki ~aoæxeji a ka|fi hb zbgr|ehih |boixesi bz~bjæcejifbkxb i

oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja u bk ~i~bo -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++89 G|éceja 50 Bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik xbkb| hbjoi|ihaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb|

~b|zakio bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8< G|éceja 9>0 Bf~|bziz yrb bcbjxesifbkxb xebkbk hbjoi|ihaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk oi Igbkjei hb ̂ |axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8: G|éceja 990 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ~a| oi ~ufb ikxb oi IB^H -"% +++++++++++++++++++82 G|éceja 9<0 Kesbo hb zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ~a| oiz ~ufbz ikxb oi IB^H

-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++83 G|éceja 9:0 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb

ekca|fijeúk i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++87 G|éceja 980 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb

zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++8= G|éceja 920 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bjagbk hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih

-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++85 G|éceja 930 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb fikxebkbk oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz

jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2> Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 99< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




G|éceja 970 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb jbhbk hixaz ~b|zakiobz i ax|iz

bf~|bziz -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 29 G|éceja 9=0 ûfbz yrb |bjilik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~a| fbhea hb xb|jb|az u

|bioepik zr ~azxb|ea| hbjoi|ijeúk hb alxbkjeúk io xexroi| -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2< G|éceja 950 ûfbz yrb ekjorubk bk zrz jakx|ixaz bzj|exaz bo ji|éjxb| jakcehbkjeio u

~|esiha hb oaz hixaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2: G|éceja <>0 ûfbz yrb ijjbhbk i cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb ax|iz bf~|bziz ~i|i

oi ~|bzxijeúk hb zb|sejeaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++28 G|éceja <90 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hbbzxilobjefebkxa hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i yrb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz

~rbhik b`b|jb| oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++27 G|éceja <<0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bioepik x|ikzcb|bkjeiz

ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3> G|éceja <:0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bioepik bksæaz ~|afajeakiobz

rxeoepikha hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++39 G|éceja <80 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb xebkbk rk hajrfbkxa hbzbgr|ehih -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3: G|éceja <20 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik

hbzegkiha rk |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++35 G|éceja <30 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik hesrogiha ka|fiz hb

zbgr|ehih bkx|b zrz bf~obihaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7> G|éceja <70 Ca|fiz hb hesrogijeúk hb oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++79 G|éceja <=0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb xebkbk |bgezx|a hb

ekjehbkjeiz -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7< G|éceja <50 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik bzxilobjeha rk jakx|ao

hb ijjbza i oaz cejmb|az hegexiobz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7: G|éceja :>0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jrbkxik jak fbhehiz hb

zbgr|ehih cæzeji ~i|i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++78 G|éceja :90 â|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea ikxb oiIB^H yrb hez~akbk hb zbgr|ehih cæzeji bk oiz ekzxioijeakbz hakhb zb iofijbkik

cejmb|az irxafixepihaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++72 Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 99: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




G|éceja :<0 ûfbz jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| yrb zúoa bo ~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~rbhi

jakzroxi| oi hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++73 G|éceja ::0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jakx|aoik bo ijjbza i oaz

cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio lizékhazb bk rzri|ea u

jakx|izbùi -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 77 G|éceja :80 Ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi jakx|izbùi rxeoepihi ~i|i bo jakx|ao hb ijjbza i oaz

cejmb|az yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7= G|éceja :20 â|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk hbcekeha u ~|ajbhefbkxiha bo x|ixifebkxa

hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++75 G|éceja :30 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=> G|éceja :70 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik

iha~xiha bo |bgezx|a hb bkx|ihi!zioehi hb za~a|xbz hegexiobz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb

ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=9 G|éceja :=0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb bxeyrbxik oaz

za~a|xbz hakhb zb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=< G|éceja :50 Orgi|bz bk hakhb iofijbkik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az

hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=: G|éceja 8>0 ûfbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb iofijbkik oiz

ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hezxekxa hb oi rlejijeúk hakhb zb x|ixik oaz hixaz -"% ++=8 G|éceja 890 ûfbz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| oi jakzb|sijeúk u

oajioepijeúk hb hajrfbkxaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%+++++++++++++++++++=2 G|éceja 8<0 Fbhehiz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo jak yrb jrbkxikoiz ~ufbz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=3 G|éceja 8:0 â|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk hbobgiha rk \bz~akzilob hb Zbgr|ehih

~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=7 G|éceja 880 Bf~|bziz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz jakx|i oi |b~|ahrjjeúk u ja~ei hb

hajrfbkxaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++== G|éceja 820 Bf~|bziz yrb mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz

hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=5 G|éceja 830 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++5> Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 998 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk




mxx~0!!www+ekxbja+bz

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