especficaciones turbina aceite pag 28.pdf

8/11/2019 especficaciones turbina aceite pag 28.pdf

1/56

FLUIDS SPECIFICATIONREPORT 65/0027Pete Martin / Robert WilesCombustion GroupIssue 4 25/4/01

This documentation and any information or descriptive matter set out hereon are the confidential and copyright property of DemagDelaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltdand must not be disclosed, loaned, copied or used for manufacturing, tendering or for any other

purpose without their written consent.

Title Fluids Specification for Air, Fuel, Lubricating Oil, Water and

Steam for Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltdsrange of Industr ial Gas Turbines

Report by Pete Martin / Robert Wiles

AUTHORS

P. Martin R.L. Wiles

CHECKED APPROVED

I. AmosTurbine group

R. McMillanCombustion

R. Noden R.G. WellsCombustion Group Compressors

S. Lewis R. PeatfieldLegal Systems

J. SuttonMetallurgical Laboratory

D.A. Goodman Engineering Product Manager

ISSUE DATE PAGES ALTERATION CHECKED

1 1.12.96 ALL None AS ABOVE

2 14.4.00 ALL Yes AS ABOVE

3 20.10.00 sections 3, 4 &Appendices.

Added kerosene, LPG, Naphtha, Low CV, MedCV & High CV gases

AS ABOVE

4 25.4.01 section 6.4.3section 7.3.5

Antifreeze changed for new water wash system1 ppm sulphur limit specified for injection water

AS ABOVE


2/56

Page 2 FLUIDS SPECIFICATIONREPORT 65/0027Pete Martin / Robert WilesCombustion GroupIssue 4 25/4/01



Section 1 Introduction and Summary........................................................................................................... 8

1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.1 Responsibility ............................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.2 Applicability ................................................................................................................................. 8

1.1.3 System Integrity............................................................................................................................ 9

1.2 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 9

1.2.1 Contamination Limits ................................................................................................................... 9

Section 2 Air................................................................................................................................................ 11

2.0 Applicable Standard........................................................................................................................... 11

2.1 Combustion Air.................................................................................................................................. 11

2.2 Air Temperature................................................................................................................................. 12

2.3 Instrument Air .................................................................................................................................... 12

Section 3 Gas Fuel....................................................................................................................................... 13

3.1 Acceptable Gas Fuels....................................................................................................................... 13

3.1.1 General........................................................................................................................................ 13

3.1.2 Wobbe Range Expansion............................................................................................................ 14

3.1.3 High Hydrogen Gases................................................................................................................. 14

3.2 Emissions ........................................................................................................................................... 14

3.3 Contaminant Limits for Gas Fuel....................................................................................................... 14

3.3.1 Liquid Carry over ....................................................................................................................... 14

3.3.2 Gas Compressor Lubricating Oil Content .................................................................................. 14

3.3.3 Solid Particles ............................................................................................................................. 14

3.3.4 Sulphur and Hydrogen Sulphide................................................................................................. 15

3.3.5 Water........................................................................................................................................... 16

3.3.6 Temperature................................................................................................................................ 16

3.3.7 Gas Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 16

3.4 Transient variation in Net Calorific Value of Gas Fuel .................................................................... 16

3.5 Gases with Calorific Value Outside the Standard Range ................................................................. 17

3.5.1 Low CV Gases (Wobbe 3.1- 4.7 MJ/m3).................................................................................... 17

3.5.1.1 Starting ............................................................................................................................... 17

3.5.1.2 Contaminantion limits of Low CV gases ........................................................................... 17

3.5.1.3 Tars ..................................................................................................................................... 18

3.5.1.4 NH3 and HCN .................................................................................................................... 18

3.5.1.5 Dew Point ........................................................................................................................... 18

3.5.1.6 Hydrogen content of Low CV gas...................................................................................... 18

3.5.1.7 Supply Temperature of Low CV gas.................................................................................. 19

3.5.2 Medium CV Gases (Wobbe 15 - 37 MJ/m3) ............................................................................... 19

3.5.2.1 Starting ............................................................................................................................... 19

3.5.2.2 Contaminants of Medium CV gas ...................................................................................... 19

3.5.2.3 Tars ..................................................................................................................................... 19

3.5.2.4 Dioxins and Furans............................................................................................................. 20

3.5.2.5 Dew Point ........................................................................................................................... 20

3.5.2.6 Hydrogen content of Medium CV gas derived from organic material............................... 20


3/56




3.5.3 High CV gases (Wobbe 49 - 67 MJ/m3) ..................................................................................... 20

3.5.3.1 Well Head Gases ................................................................................................................ 20

3.5.3.2 LPG..................................................................................................................................... 20

Section 4 Liquid Fuels............................................................................................................................... 22

4.0 Applicable Standards ........................................................................................................................ 22

4.1 Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 22

4.1.1 General......................................................................................................................................... 22

4.2 Diesel Fuels....................................................................................................................................... 23

4.3 LPG as Liquid ................................................................................................................................... 24

4.4 Naphtha ............................................................................................................................................. 25

4.5 Kerosene............................................................................................................................................ 26

Section 5 Lubrication Oil ............................................................................................................................ 28

5.0 Applicable Standards ........................................................................................................................ 28

5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2 Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2.2 Additives................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2.3 Oil Grade .................................................................................................................................. 28

5.2.4 Zinc Content ............................................................................................................................. 28

5.2.5 Notification of Changes to Formulation................................................................................... 28

5.2.6 Viscosity ................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2.7 Viscosity Index Improvers........................................................................................................ 29

5.2.8 Rust Prevention......................................................................................................................... 29

5.2.9 FZG Index (Forschungssteelle fr Zahnrder und Getriebebau).............................................. 29

5.2.10 Preservation .............................................................................................................................. 29

5.2.11 Service Life............................................................................................................................... 29

5.2.12 Non-standard Ancillaries.......................................................................................................... 29

5.3 Lubricating Oil Specification............................................................................................................ 29

5.4 BS 489 : 1983 Specification for Turbine Oils ................................................................................ 29

Section 6 Compressor Washing Water And Cleaning Fluids ..................................................................... 31

6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 31

6.2 Washing Water.................................................................................................................................. 31

6.2.1 General........................................................................................................................................ 31

6.2.2 Dissolved Solids ......................................................................................................................... 31

6.2.3 Silica ........................................................................................................................................... 31

6.2.4 Acidity ........................................................................................................................................ 31

6.2.5 Electrical Conductivity ............................................................................................................... 31

6.3 Cleaning Fluid.................................................................................................................................... 31

6.3.1 Definition.................................................................................................................................... 31

6.3.2 Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 31

6.3.3 Health And Safety Recommendations........................................................................................ 31

6.3.4 Approved Cleaning Fluids.......................................................................................................... 32

6.4 Cleaning Solution............................................................................................................................... 32


4/56




6.4.1 Definition.................................................................................................................................... 32

6.4.2 Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 32

6.4.3 Antifreeze ................................................................................................................................... 32

Section 7 Injection Water ............................................................................................................................ 34

7.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 34

7.2 Temperature and Pressure.................................................................................................................. 34

7.3 Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 34

7.3.1 General........................................................................................................................................ 34

7.3.2 Total Solids-Concentration Limit............................................................................................... 34

7.3.3 Undissolved Solids - Size limit ................................................................................................. 34

7.3.4 Total Dissolved Solids................................................................................................................ 34

7.3.5 Specific Solids ............................................................................................................................ 35

7.3.6 Acidity ........................................................................................................................................ 35

7.3.7 Electrical Conductivity ............................................................................................................... 35

Section 8 Evaporative Cooling Water ......................................................................................................... 36

8.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 36

8.2 Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 36

8.3 Water carry-over ................................................................................................................................ 36

Section 9 Injection Steam............................................................................................................................ 37

9.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 37

9.2 Steam Quality Requirements ............................................................................................................. 37

9.2.1 General........................................................................................................................................ 37

9.2.2 Steam Pressure............................................................................................................................ 38

9.2.3 Steam Temperature..................................................................................................................... 38

9.3 Steam Purity Requirements............................................................................................................... 39

9.3.1 Total Solids................................................................................................................................. 39

9.3.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)..................................................................................................... 39

9.3.3 Specific Solids ............................................................................................................................ 40

9.3.4 Total Dissolved Solids Monitoring by Conductivity Measurement........................................... 40

9.3.5 General Steam Purity.................................................................................................................. 41

9.3.6 Boiler Water Total Dissolved Solids .......................................................................................... 41


5/56




List of Tables

Table 1.1 Proprietary engines .................................................................................................................. 8

Table 1.2 Total allowable contamination limits. ................................................................................... 10

Table 2.1 Instrument Air Quality........................................................................................................... 12

Table 3.1 Gas Properties ........................................................................................................................ 13

Table 3.2 H2S limits for Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd engines ............................... 15

Table 3.3 Classification of Non Standard Gases ................................................................................... 17

Table 3.4 Contaminant Limits of Low CV Gases.................................................................................. 18

Table 3.3 Fuel Specification for Gaseous LPG Options........................................................................ 21

Table 4.1 Diesel Fuel Specification ....................................................................................................... 23

Table 4.2 Fuel Specification for LPG used as Liquid............................................................................ 24

Table 4.3 Fuel Specification for Naphtha System ................................................................................. 25

Table 4.4 Kerosene Specification for Standard Burners........................................................................ 26

Table 4.5 Kerosene Specification for Low CV Gas Applications ......................................................... 27

Table 5.1 Lubricating Oil Specification................................................................................................. 30

Table 6.1 Cleaning Solution Requirements ........................................................................................... 32

Table 7.1 Particle Size Distribution....................................................................................................... 34

Table 7.2 Allowable Total Dissolved Solids ......................................................................................... 34

Table 7.3 Allowable Specific Dissolved Solids..................................................................................... 35

Table 9.1 Steam Pressure....................................................................................................................... 38

Table 9.2 Minimum Steam Temperature ............................................................................................... 38

Table 9.3 Allowable Total Dissolved Solids ......................................................................................... 39

Table 9.4 Limits for Specific Dissolved Solids .................................................................................... 40

Table 9.5 Limits for Silica (SiO2) .......................................................................................................... 40

Table 9.6 Maximum Allowable Continuous Operating Conductivity Levels ....................................... 40

Table 9.7 Conductivity Control Limits.................................................................................................. 41


6/56


7/56




Appendix A4 LPG and Naphtha fuels........................................................................................................ 53

A4.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 53

A4.1.1 Liquid Petroleum Gas Fuel .................................................................................................... 53

A4.1.2 Naphtha Fuel.......................................................................................................................... 53

A4.2 Significance of Parameters and Required Limits.......................................................................... 53

A4.2.1 Composition........................................................................................................................... 53

A4.2.1.1 Summary............................................................................................................................ 53

A4.2.1.2 C2C3C4and C5.................................................................................................................. 53

A4.2.1.3 Paraffins (Alkanes) - CnH2n+2 ........................................................................................... 54

A4.2.1.4 Naphthenes (Cycloalkanes or Cyclanes) - CnH2n ............................................................. 55

A4.2.1.5 Olefins (Alkenes and Dienes) ............................................................................................ 55

A4.2.1.6 Acetylenes (Alkynes) - CnH2n-2 ........................................................................................ 55

A4.2.1.7 Aromatics CnH2n-6 ............................................................................................................. 55

A4.2.1.8 Mercaptan Sulphur............................................................................................................. 55

A4.2.1.9 Vapour Pressure................................................................................................................. 54

A4.2.1.10 Relative Density................................................................................................................. 54

A4.2.1.11 Kinematic viscosity............................................................................................................ 55

A4.2.1.12 Lubricity............................................................................................................................. 55

A4.2.1.13 Oxidation stability ............................................................................................................. 55

A4.2.1.14 Saybolt Colour ................................................................................................................... 55

A4.2.1.15 Residue................................................................................................................................ 55

A4.3 LPG and Naphtha - Supply Conditions......................................................................................... 55

A4.3.1 Gaseous LPG ......................................................................................................................... 55

A4.3.2 LPG and Naphtha - Handling and Storage ............................................................................ 56

A4.4 Fuel Supply Quality Control Procedure........................................................................................ 56

List of Tables

Table A1.1 Full Load AFRs for Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd engines................. 44

Table A2.1 Constituent range for Natural Gas .................................................................................... 46

Table A3.1 Comparison of diesel Fuel Specifications ........................................................................ 52


8/56




Section 1 Introduction and Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Responsibility

It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that where required by this specification DemagDelaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltds (the Company) approval has been sought for use of the fluid.It is also the responsibility of the customer to ensure on a continuing basis that all fluids entering theCompany proprietary engines listed in 1.1.2 below are compliant with this specification. If at any time acustomer wishes to use a fluid which fails to fulfil any of the requirements of this specification, theCompany must be consulted and its prior written approval given.

1.1.2 Applicability

This specification defines the conditions for all fluids used in the Company proprietary engines listedbelow.

Limits are provided of contamination levels as well as properties such as viscosity and flash point andsupply conditions. These limits and properties are set to avoid problems associated with fluidsoccurring within the design life of the engine. However, no liability is extended to conditions notcovered in this specification. Equally the limits and properties referred to above do not preclude theraising of certain limits, where these have been requested and approved by the Company in writing.

Notwithstanding the use of fluids as set out in and prescribed by this document the Company cannotensure that the emissions thereby produced will satisfy the requirements of local environmental and/orhealth and safety legislation. The responsibility for complying with any such legislation or regulationslies with the customer.

This specification is applicable to the following product range, known as proprietary engines, butbecause of differences in their specification, not all fuels are available on all engines.

Engine Name Configuration

TA Twin Shaft

TB Twin Shaft

TD Single Shaft

TE Single Shaft

TF Single Shaft

RH Hurricane Single Shaft

RM Typhoon Single ShaftRU Typhoon Twin Shaft

RT Tornado Single Shaft

RT Tornado Twin Shaft

RW Tempest Single Shaft

MW Cyclone Twin Shaft

Table 1.1 Proprietary engines


9/56




1.1.3 System Integrity

This specification covers all fluids entering the gas turbine. It is the customers responsibility to ensure thatall pipework and fittings are free of rust and debris. This is particularly applicable on commissioning and

prolonged periods without use.

1.2 Summary

This section details the maximum allowable contamination levels from all fluids that may be used inthe Companys proprietary engines. Explanations are provided, in the appendices, as to why eachlimit is set. A calculation procedure is given for determining the total level of contamination enteringthe engine.

1.2.1 Contamination Limits

An explanation of the significance of each contaminant is given in Appendix A1.1

Contamination can arise from the following sources:

Air Fuel, gas or liquid Injection Fluids, water or steam Evaporative Cooling Water Oil carry over from gas fuel compressors Lubricating Oil Compressor Cleaning Solutions and Rinse Water

However, contamination by the engine lubricating oil is considered negligible due to the minimalamount of leakage past seals in amachine maintained to the Companys recommended schedule.Similarly, contamination by cleaning solutions, using the Companys approved reagents and rinsing

water, is considered minimal due to the small volumes involved and the relative infrequency of thecleaning cycles. Hence these are not considered in the concentration table and calculations discussedbelow. However their composition is still controlled as detailed in the appropriate section.

Table 1.2 details the maximum limit from ALL sources for each of the listed contaminants whencalculated on the Companysreference fuel equivalent basis. The limits for customer fuels withinseveral ranges of net calorific value are also included in Table 1.2. More accurate limits for a precisenet calorific value can be calculated if preferred. The reference fuel definition and the calculationinvolved are detailed in Appendix A1.2.2. There may be other additional more stringent limits forEACH fluid as detailed in the appropriate section. This may be due to systems or other requirementsas necessary to protect the engines or ancillaries.

Compliance with both the individual requirements of each fluid and the maximum aggregate

amount from all sources as specified in Table 1.2 must be ensured at all times.

The total level of each contaminant, from all sources must be calculated using the equation inAppendix A1.2.1, which provides a customer fuel equivalent level which has to be lower than theappropriate limit in Table 1.2.


10/56


11/56




Section 2 Air

2.0 Applicable Standard

ISO 8573.1 Part 3.3.3 Instrument Air Quality

2.1 Combust ion Ai r

In most conditions atmospheric air quality does not give rise to problems provided the air is drawn froma clean source and filtered correctly.

Attention is brought to the fact that gas turbine emissions may be affected by the level of contaminantsin the air (see section 3.2).

It may be possible to operate engines in areas of extreme atmospheric pollution or contamination,provided that prior written approval is obtained from the Company by submission of a site air qualitysurvey which must include a complete analysis of representative samples of the air as it will besupplied to the Company air filter inlet, covering the full range of contaminant concentrations and alsoincluding adequate information for specification of filters and other treatment as required.

For satisfactory operation, the air entering the engine should meet the following requirements :

A. THE PARTICULATE CONTENT OF THE AIR ENTERING THE ENGINE AFTERFILTRATION MUST BE SUCH THAT THE CONTAMINANTS FROM ALL SOURCES DO NOTEXCEED THE LEVELS IN TABLE 1.2.

For on shore average populated residential areas and light industrial complexes this canusually be achieved as follows:

a.1. The air should be drawn from as high above ground as is practicable to reduce therisk of contaminants entering the engine. Particulate loading decreases rapidly with heighttherefore most filtration systems are mounted above ground level.

a.2. A minimum of 98% by mass of all particles shall be arrested by the air filter.

(ASHRAE 52/76 or BSEN779)

a.3. A minimum of 99.9% of particles sized 5 microns or greater shall be removed by theair filtration system.

a.4. For saline applications such as marine environments the air filtration system shall notpass greater than 0.01ppmm salt when tested using a 30 knot aerosol holding 3.6 ppmm salt(as per NGTE test, now Defence and Evaluation Research Agency).

a.5. Free water should be prevented from entering the engine by selection of anappropriate system. The Company will be pleased to advise on a suitable system.


12/56


13/56




Section 3 Gas Fuel

3.1 Acceptable Gas Fuels

3.1.1 General

Most types of gaseous fuel may be burned including pipeline natural gas, various process gases, highcalorific value gases such as refinery gas, well head gas, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and also gaseswith medium and low calorific values such as landfill gas and biogas produced from the degradation oforganic material. The Company must in all cases have granted its prior written approval in respect ofthe gas fuel to be used.

For satisfactory operation the fuel must meet the criteria in Table 3.1 together with all other relevantparts of this document. If at any time a gas fails to fulfil any of the relevant requirements of this

specification it will no longer be acceptable.

If at any time a customer wishes to use a fuel which fails to fulfil any of the requirements of thisspecification, the Company must be consulted and its prior written approval given.

It is the customers responsibility to ensure, on a continuing basis, that the gas fuel used from time totime, complies with all relevant parts of this specification document. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAYRESULT IN SERIOUS PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO THE CUSTOMERS EQUIPMENT AND INJURY TOPERSONNEL.

PROPERTY RANGE COMMENT

Wobbe Index@ Gas supply temperature 15-67 MJ/m3 As defined in Appendix A2.1

Special restrictions & criteria apply forvalues outside the range 37-49 MJ/m

3

Gas supply temperatureminimum 20

oC above

the dew point at supplypressure.

Must be maintained upto the throttle valve

Gas supply temp limitsmax 105

oC

max 400oC for Low CV gas

with Wobbe 3.1 - 4.7 MJ/m3

Limit of fuel system electrical component

Higher temperatures are subject to priorwritten approval

min 2.5oC To avoid vent freezing

Table 3.1 Gas Properties


14/56




3.1.2 Wobbe Range Expansion

At tention is drawn to the fact that gas fuels with Wobbe numbers outs ide the range of 37 - 49MJ/m

3, which was the range quoted in Issue 2 of 65/0027, will be subject to special

considerations and restrictions as detailed in section 3.5.

3.1.3 High Hydrogen Gases

A mixture of methane and up to 5% hydrogen by volume is acceptable for use in DLE combustionsystems. For diffusion flame combustion up to 13% hydrogen by volume in methane is acceptable.Higher levels of hydrogen or mixtures containing significant levels of other combustible gases must bereferred to the Company.

Other restrictions may apply to the hydrogen content of gases outside the standard range of WobbeIndex (37-49 MJ/m

3).

3.2 EmissionsCompliance with this specification, including any written approval granted by the Company pursuant toits terms, does not guarantee that exhaust emissions will comply with any local regulations. In order todetermine the expected emissions or provide a guarantee it is essential that the Company is providedwith a full and accurate analysis of the gas.

It should also be noted that gas turbine emissions may be affected by the level of contaminants in theair. Any emissions guarantees wil l be in respect of the given increase over the backgroundlevels already present in the site ambient air.

3.3 Contaminant Limits for Gas Fuel

The contaminant limits specified in Table 1.2 are the maximum aggregate levels from all sourcesincluding gaseous fuels. They apply to all gaseous fuels used in the Companys proprietary engines,and must not be exceeded without the Companys prior written consent.

3.3.1 Liquid Carry over

It is recommended that the best available technology, which should include a coalescer system, isemployed to eliminate the possibility of contamination of the gas with liquid. The gas temperature mustbe maintained at least 20

oC above the dew point of the supplied gas composition including water

vapour if applicable, at the supply pressure to the turbine skid. This will avoid liquid slugs suddenlyentering the gas turbine, which could result in over fuelling the turbine.

3.3.2 Gas Compressor Lubricating Oil Content

In cases where a fuel gas compressor is to be used, contamination by compressor lubricating oil,liquid and vapour, is to be limited to a maximum of 2 ppmm in the gas.

3.3.3 Solid Particles

Additionally to avoid problems associated with deposition of small particles the following limits apply:

i) Total non-combustible solid contaminants must not exceed a maximum of 20 ppmm.


15/56




ii) It is required that 99%, measured on a mass basis, of the solid particle contaminants in (i) above,must be below 10 m and none greater than 15 m.

3.3.4 Sulphur and Hydrogen Sulphide

Table 3.2 provides the Levels of H2S permitted in the Companys reference fuel. These are dependenton the engine model and operating conditions. The allowable level of H2S in a customer gas fuel isdependent on its net calorific value. Table 3.2 also gives limits for customer fuels within severalranges of net calorific value. More accurate limits for a precise net calorific value can be calculated ifpreferred. The reference fuel definition and the calculations involved are detailed in Appendix A2.2.

It is important to note that, whereas the aggregate limits in Table 1.2 are in mass terms and arereferenced to mass based net calorific value, because the limits for H2S are expressed on a volumebasis it is essential that net calorific values on a volume basis, MJ/Nm

3, are used to extract the

relevant value from Table 3.2 or to perform the calculations in Appendix A2.2.

Any other sulphur compounds, such as mercaptans, which are present in the gas must be included as

H2S in proportion to the amount of sulphur they contain. Furthermore if sulphur compounds areintroduced into the engine in any other fluid, such as combustion air, their presence must be allowedfor by calculation of a fuel equivalent concentration on a volume basis. However it is important toremember that elemental sulphur is not allowed (see appendix A1.1.7).

Company

Ref FuelRange of Net Calorific Value of Customer fuels

Net Calorific Value of fuel, MJ/Nm3 34.795 4-10 10-20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60

Model Configuration Rating % H2S limit by volume

TA Twin Shaft ALL 3 0.34 0.86 1.72 2.58 3.44 4.31

TB 5000 Twin Shaft ALL 3 0.34 0.86 1.72 2.58 3.44 4.31

TD Single Shaft ALL 3 0.34 0.86 1.72 2.58 3.44 4.31

TE Single Shaft ALL 3 0.34 0.86 1.72 2.58 3.44 4.31

TF Single Shaft ALL 3 0.34 0.86 1.72 2.58 3.44 4.31

RH Hurricane Single Shaft 1.65 MW(e) 0.5 0.06 0.14 0.28 0.43 0.57 0.71

RM Typhoon Single Shaft 4.35 MW(e) 0.5 0.06 0.14 0.28 0.43 0.57 0.71




RU Typhoon Twin Shaft 4.85 MW(m) 0.5 0.06 0.14 0.28 0.43 0.57 0.71

RT Tornado Single Shaft 6.45 MW(e) 1 0.11 0.28 0.57 0.86 1.14 1.43

RT Tornado Single Shaft 6.75 MW(e) 1 0.11 0.28 0.57 0.86 1.14 1.43

RT Tornado Twin Shaft 6.84 MW(m) 1 0.11 0.28 0.57 0.86 1.14 1.43

RT Tornado Twin Shaft 7.68 MW(m) 1 0.11 0.28 0.57 0.86 1.14 1.43

RW Tempest Single Shaft 7.7 MW(e) 1 0.11 0.28 0.57 0.86 1.14 1.43

MW Cyclone Twin Shaft 11.9 MW(e) TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA

Table 3.2 H2S limits fo r Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd engines


16/56


17/56


18/56




therefore necessary that a full list and the expected concentration of each compound in the gas to beused, must be declared on application to the Company for its prior written approval. The acceptablelevels of some of the contaminants known to be present in biogas are shown in Table 3.4.

3.5.1.3 TarsThe heavy hydrocarbons or tars present in the fuel must be limited to avoid carbon deposition or theformation of liquid slugs. In general, there are a large number of possible compounds and it istherefore necessary that the expected concentration, in the gas to be used, of each compound, mustbe declared to the Company at the enquiry stage. The acceptable levels of naphthalene and tars areshown in Table 3.4. The limit imposed on lubricating oil must also include those tars which are liquid atthe gas supply conditions.

In cases where the gas fuel may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are knownprecursors to the production of dioxins and furans, in addition to the above restriction such precursorswill not be allowed.

3.5.1.4 NH3 and HCNNH3 and HCN or other compounds containing nitrogen, will contribute to atmospheric pollution, in theform of NOx and their concentration may have to be controlled to comply with local regulations. Inorder to determine the expected emissions or provide a guarantee it is essential that the Company isprovided with a full and accurate analysis of the gas.

Contaminant ppmmBenzene 5500

Toluene 800

Xylene 800

Naphthalene 1600

Tars (plus liquid carry over ) 2

NH3 + HCN see note 3.5.1.4

Table 3.4 Contaminant Limits of Low CV gases

3.5.1.5 Dew Point

The minimum temperature at which the gas should be supplied to the gas turbine, is 20oC above the

dew point, as defined in section 3.3.1. However as the variability in composition is greater for thesegases than other gases, such as pipeline natural gas, it may be necessary in practice to set anadditional safety margin so that the minimum temperature is maintained. Details will be provided on

application to the Company for its prior written approval in respect of the gas to be used.

3.5.1.6 Hydrogen content of Low CV gas

Low CV gases can contain various components, such that the increase in flame speed with hydrogencontent may be different to that for methane. Gases containing hydrogen must be referred to theCompany.


19/56




3.5.1.7 Supply Temperature of Low CV gas

For low calorific value gases produced by the gasification of organic material, supply temperatures upto 400

oC are acceptable. Please refer these to the Company.

3.5.2 Medium CV Gases (Wobbe 15 - 37 MJ/m3)

Various gases of CV in the range 15-37 MJ/m3may also be considered, eg poor quality natural gas,

sewage gas, landfill gas etc. These gases usually consist predominantly of paraffin hydrocarbons withan inert content of up to 50%, but carbon monoxide and hydrogen may also be present in significantamounts. The wide variety of possible gas compositions means that the Companys prior writtenapproval in respect of each gas to be used must be obtained.

The following special considerations will apply, but all other aspects of this Fluids Specification stillapply to these gases.

3.5.2.1 Starting

In some cases a liquid fuel may be required for starting and a minimum load may be required beforechangeover to the main fuel can take place. Details will be provided on application to the Company.

3.5.2.2 Contaminants of Medium CV gas

Some gases within this category may be contaminated by metals and other elements which are notnormally found in natural gases. Only those contaminants which are listed in Table 1.2 are allowed.

Other contaminants cannot be tolerated. Severe operational problems can be experienced withcontaminants such as tar, naphthalene, amines and siloxanes. The effects of mercury have not beenexperienced, but it is known to dissolve many metals to form amalgams, and therefore until either theeffects have been experienced or a full theoretical understanding of its behaviour is known, it will notbe allowed.

Other trace metals may form deposits whose presence can increase the oxidation rate of blade andvane alloys due to their attack on the protective oxide coating. Hence the intake of substances suchas cadmium, antimony and other trace metals must be prohibited.

Your attention is drawn to section A1.1.13 in the appendix.

3.5.2.3 Tars

Many gasification processes will produce gases containing a wide range of aromatic hydrocarbons.Only those hydrocarbons which are known to be completely vaporised at the supply conditions to the

turbine skid are allowed. This is to avoid the possibility of liquid slugs, having a high energy contentcausing excessive heat release rates in the gas turbine.

Heavy hydrocarbons known as tars must be removed from the gas fuel. These tars are similar inbehaviour to gas compressor lubricating oil and the sum of tars present in the fuel and contaminationby lubricating oil, liquid and vapour, from any compressor used to compress gas is to be limited to amaximum of 2 ppmm in the gas.


20/56




In cases where the gas fuel may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are knownprecursors to the production of dioxins and furans, in addition to the above restriction such precursorswill not be allowed.

3.5.2.4 Dioxins and Furans

Extremely stringent limits for dioxins and furans are set by the Environmental authorities. Thesecompounds may be formed in gasification processes and already be part of the tars present in thegas. They may also be produced in the gas turbine, by the halogenation of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons which may be in the tar. Therefore any dioxins and furans present in the fuel gas mustbe removed before delivery to the gas turbine skid edge.

3.5.2.5 Dew Point

The minimum temperature at which the gas should be supplied to the gas turbine, is 20oC above the

dew point, as defined in section 3.3.1. However as the variability in composition is greater for thesegases than other gases, such as pipeline natural gas, it may be necessary in practice to set anadditional safety margin so that the minimum temperature is maintained. Details will be provided at thetendering stage.

3.5.2.6 Hydrogen content of Medium CV gas derived from organic material.

Medium CV gases can contain various components, such that the increase in flame speed withhydrogen content may be higher than that for methane described in section 3.1.3 and therefore it maybe necessary to further restrict the hydrogen concentration of this type of gas.

3.5.3 High CV gases (Wobbe 49 - 67 MJ/m3)

Gases of CV greater than that of pipeline quality natural gas can also be burned, eg well head gas,

LPG, etc. These gases consist predominantly of paraffin hydrocarbons with little or no inert content

and have temperature corrected Wobbe Indices in the range 49 to 67 MJ/m

3

. This covers the rangefrom the top limit of pipeline natural gases up to gaseous LPG. The Companys prior written approval

in respect of the gas to be used must be obtained.

3.5.3.1 Well Head Gases

As these gases have a Wobbe Index greater than 49 MJ/m3, each gas must be considered on an

individual basis by the Company for its suitability and for the setting of appropriate emissions

guarantees. All other aspects of this Fluids Specification still apply to these gases.

3.5.3.2 LPG

The following specification is for applications in which the LPG is vaporised and supplied to the turbine asa gas. However, unless otherwise stated, the values given in Table 3.5 are for the LPG in the liquid form,before the vaporiser and not as supplied to the turbine.


21/56




PROPERTY LIMITS - note 1 TEST METHOD

ASTM ISO IP DIN BS

1 CONSTITUENTS

C2 [%mol] 5 (Max) D2163

C3 [%mol] 90 (Min) D2163

C4 [%mol] 10 (Max) D2163

C5 [%mol ] 2 (Max) D2163

Total Olefins [% mol] 25 (Max) D2163

Mono-Olefins 25 (Max) D2163

Di-Olefins 0.5 (Max) D2163

Acetylenes [% mol] 0.5 (Max) D2163

Carbon/Hydrogen ratio note 2 D2163

Total Sulphur [ppmm] 200 (Max) D2784

Mercaptan Sulphur [ppmm] 50 (Max) 2000:

part 272

Hydrogen Sulphide [ppmm] 0.5 (Max) D2420

2 VOLATILITY

Flash Point [o

C] Below Minus (-) 80o

Cor legal limit.

D56 -97A

Gauge vapour pressure at 40.0 oC [Barg] 15.6 (Max) D1267 161

3 FLUIDITY

Relative Density at 15 oC 0.585 (Max) D1657

4 COMBUSTION / FLUIDITY

Net Calorific Value [MJ/kg] 45 to 48 D4809

Gross Calorific Value [MJ/Kg] note 2 D4809

Wobbe Index (MJ/m3) note 3

5 CORROSION

Copper strip corrosion, 3hrs at 50 oC Class 1 (Max) D1838

6 CONTAMINANTS

Residue on evaporation 100 ml, ml - note 4 0.002 (Max) D2158

Residue from Oil Stain Observation Pass - note 5 D2158

Water content [ppmm] 30 (Max) D1744 74

Particulate matter [ppmm] - note 4

Solid Particle Size [m ]20 (Max)

10 (Max)

51.419

Total Ash [ppmm]- note 4 20 (Max) D473 53 4450

Vanadium 1 (Max) note 6

Sodium + Potassium 0.6 (Max) note 6

Calcium 1 (Max) note 6

Lead 1 (Max) note 6

Zinc 1 (Max) note 6NOTES

1/ Fuel Limits based on average world wide specifications for Propane [reference 5.4].

2/ Information is requested for inclusion in Alstom data base.

3/ Alstom require a knowledge of Wobbe Index for pressure drop calculation.

4/ Total residue and solid contaminants must be less than 20 ppmm at skid edge.5/ An acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 ml of solvent residue is added to a filter paper, in 0.1ml

increments and examined in daylight after 2 min as described in Test Method D2158.

6/ Use latest atomic absorption technique for the determination of trace metals in fuels.

Table 3.5 Demag Delaval Industr ial Turbomachinery Ltd Fuel Specification for Gaseous LPG Options (unless otherwise stated this assumes that the LPG is in the

liquid form before the vaporiser and not as supplied to the turbine)


22/56




Section 4 Liquid Fuels

4.0 Applicable Standards

The following standards have been used in the compilation of the liquid fuel specification containedwithin this section and provide a useful background:

BS 2869 : 1998 Specification for fuel oils for agricultural, domestic andindustrial engines and boilers

BS EN 590 : 1999 Automotive fuels - Diesel - Requirements and test methods

ASTM D975 : 1998 Standard Classification of Diesel Fuel Oils

ASTM D2880 : 1998 Standard Specification of Gas Turbine Fuel Oils

ISO 4261 : 1993 Petroleum Products - Fuels (class F) - Specification of gas turbine fuelsfor industrial and marine applications

BS4250:1997 Specification for Commercial Butane and Commercial Propane

ASME D1835-91 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum Gases

4.1 Requirements

This section defines the quality and characteristics of liquid fuels required for use in the Companys

proprietary engines listed in Table 1.1. The Company must in all cases have granted its prior writtenapproval in respect of the liquid fuel to be used. The customer must regularly consult with the supplierprior to delivery to ensure that the fuel continues to meet this specification.

The contaminant limits specified in Table 1.2 are the maximum aggregate levels from all sourcesincluding liquid fuels. They apply to all fuels used in the Companys engines, and must not beexceeded without the Companys prior written consent. The limits are dependent on the net calorificvalue of the fuel as shown in Table 1.2.

4.1.1 General

The fuel should be hydrocarbon compounds originating from crude oil feed stock. Also, fuels fromother sources may be suitable provided that details of these have been supplied to the Company and

the Companys prior written permission for their use has been given. All fuels must be clean, containno large particles of sediment, no pipeline scale or water and should be filtered within the customer's

bulk storage system to remove all particles above 10 m. Individual properties of liquid fuel and theirsignificance are discussed in Appendix 3. The pressure requirements at skid edge are defined by theappropriate fuel system piping and instrumentation diagram.


23/56


24/56




4.3 LPG as Liquid

LPG can be used, supplied to the engine in the liquid phase, subject to the prior written approval of the

Company. Special requirements apply to the use of LPG as liquid, which are given in Table 4.2.Additional information is provided in Appendix 4.

PROPERTY LIMITS - note 1 TEST METHOD

ASTM ISO IP DIN BS

1 CONSTITUENTS

C2 [%mol] 5 (Max) D2163

C3 [%mol] 60 (Max) - note 2 D2163

C4 [%mol] 40 (Min)- note 2 D2163

C5 [%mol ] 5 (Max) D2163

Total Olefins [% mol] 60 (Max) D2163

Mono-Olefins 60 (Max) D2163

Di-Olefins 0.5 (Max) D2163

Acetylenes [% mol] 0.5 (Max) D2163

Carbon/Hydrogen ratio note 3 D2163

Total Sulphur [ppmm] 200 (Max) D2784

Mercaptan Sulphur [ppmm] 50 (Max) 2000: part 272

Hydrogen Sulphide [ppmm] 0.5 (Max) D2420

2 VOLATILITY

Flash Point [oC] Below Minus (-) 60oC

or legal limit.

D56 -97A

Gauge vapour pressure at 40.0 oC [Barg] 8.0 (Max) -note 2 D1267 161

3 FLUIDITY

Relative Density at 15 oC 0.585 (Max) D1657

4 COMBUSTION

Net Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] 44 to 47 D4809

Gross Calorific Value [MJ/Kg] note 3 D4809

5 CORROSION

Copper strip corrosion, 3hrs at 50 oC Class 1 (Max) D1838

6 CONTAMINANTS

Residue on evaporation 100 ml, ml 0.05 (Max) D2158

Residue from Oil Stain Observation Pass - note 4 D2158

Water content [ppmm] 30 (Max) D1744 74

Particulate matter [ppmm]

Particle size [m ]24 (Max)

10 (Max)

51.419

Total Ash [ppmm] 100 (Max) D473 53 4450

Vanadium 1 (Max) note 5

Sodium + potassium 0.6 (Max) note 5

Calcium 1 (Max) note 5

Lead 1 (Max) note 5

Zinc 1 (Max) note 5NOTES

1/ Fuel Limits based on average world wide specifications for LPG , but with addition limits on C3/C4/Vapor pressure levels.

2/ Fuels with higher propane content/ vapour pressure than above to be referred to Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd combustion

group.

3/ Information is requested for inclusion in Alstom data base.

4/ An acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 ml of solvent residue is added to a filter paper, in 0.1ml

increments and examined in daylight after 2 min as described in Test Method D2158.

5/ Use latest atomic absorption technique for the determination of trace metals in fuels.

Table 4.2 The Companys Fuel Specification for LPG used as Liquid.


25/56


26/56




4.5 Kerosene

To be acceptable for most of the Companys burner configurations a kerosene fuel must conform to

Table 4.4. Good quality kerosene fuels are normally acceptable. Examples of acceptablespecifications for kerosene are BS2869 C1 and C2 and Jet A1.

Certain burners, designed to burn gases of low CV, require a more tightly controlled quality liquid fueland to accommodate this a kerosene fuel conforming to the entire specification shown in Table 4.5 isrequired.

The Kerosene shall be clear, bright, and visually free from solid matter and undissolved water atnormal ambient temperature.

POINT PROPERTY Limits TEST METHODS

1 Kinematic Viscosity at 40oC (mm

2/s) min 1.0 ASTM D445 / IP 71 / BS EN ISO 3104

max 2.0

2 Distillation Recovery at 200oC (%v/v) min 15 BS 7392

3 Final Boiling Point (oC) min 280 ASTM D86 / IP123 / BS 7392

4 Flash point (oC) min 38 IP 170 / BS EN ISO 13736

5 Copper corrosion (3 hrs at 100oC) (class) max 1 ASTM D130 / IP 154 / BS EN ISO 2160

6 Vapour Pressure at 38oC (bara) max 0.14

7 Smoke Point (mm) min 19 ASTM D1322 / IP 57/95 / BS EN ISO 2000-57

8 Char Value (mg/kg) max 20 BS 2000-10

9 Sulphur (%w/w) max 0.3 ASTM D1266 / IP 107 / BS 2000-107

10 Density at 15oC (kg/m

3) min 775 ASTM D1298 / IP160 / BS EN ISO 3675

max 840

11 Contaminants (ppmm)

V max 1

Na+K max 0.6

Ca max 1

Pb max 0.5

Zn max 1

Li max 0.5

SiO2 max 0.04

Halogens max 1

Particulates max 24

Water max 200

Total Ash max 100

Table 4.4 The Companys Kerosene Specification for Standard Burners


27/56




POINT PROPERTY Limits TEST METHODS

1 Kinematic Viscosity at 40oC (mm

2/s) min 1.15 ASTM D445 / IP 71 / BS EN ISO 3104

2 Distillation Recovery at 200oC (%v/v) min 15 BS 7392

max 60

3 Final Boiling Point (oC) min 280 ASTM D86 / IP123 / BS 7392

4 Distillation Residue (% v/v) max 1.5 ASTM D86 / IP123

5 Distillation Loss (%v/v) max 1.5 ASTM D86 / IP123

6 Flash Point (oC) min 43 IP 170 / BS EN ISO 13736

7 Copper Corrosion (3 hrs at 100oC) (class) max 1 ASTM D130 / IP 154 / BS EN ISO 2160

8 Silver Strip (corrosion test) (class) max 2 IP 227

9 Smoke Point (mm) min 34 ASTM D1322 / IP 57/95 / BS EN ISO 2000-57

10 Char Value (mg/kg) max 10 BS 2000-10

11 Aromatics (% v/v) max 22 ASTM D1319 / IP156

12 Sulphur (%w/w) max 0.3 ASTM D1266 / IP 107 / BS 2000-107

13 Sulphur Mercaptan (% w/w) max 0.003 ASTM D3227 / IP342

14 Density at 15oC (kg/m

3) min 775 ASTM D1298 / IP160 / BS EN ISO 3675

max 840

15 Cold Filter Plugging Point (oC) max -12 BS EN 116

16 Existent Gum (mg/100ml) max 7 ASTM D381 / IP131

17 Contaminants (ppmm)

V max 1

Na+K max 0.6

Ca max 1

Pb max 0.5

Zn max 1

Li max 0.5

SiO2 max 0.04

Halogens max 1Particulates max 24

Water max 200

Total Ash max 100

Table 4.5 The Companys Kerosene Specification for Low CV Gas Applications


28/56




Section 5 Lubrication Oil

5.0 Applicable Standards

BS 489 : 1983 Turbine oils

BS 489 : 1999 Specification for turbine lubricants

BS 4231 Viscosity classification for industrial liquid lubricants

5.1 IntroductionThis section defines the quality and characteristics of lubricating oils required for use in the Companysproprietary engines listed in Table 1. It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with their oilsupplier to ensure that the provisions of this specification are met.

This specification requires the oil to conform to the requirements of BS 489 : 1983 Turbine Oils, plusadditional tests and requirements, as defined below.

5.2 Requirements

The lubricating oils used in the Companys proprietary engines must adhere to the following properties.

5.2.1 General

When supplied, the oil shall be a turbine quality petroleum product with additives to meet therequirements of this specification. It shall be free from water, suspended matter, dirt, and otherimpurities. The Companys recommendations (available on request) for flushing the lubricating systemmust be strictly followed during commissioning and after any repairs or modifications.

5.2.2 Additives

The additives shall be completely soluble in the oil, uniformly distributed in it, stable at all

temperatures, above the specified pour point, and up to and including 139C (280F) and unaffectedby the presence of water.

5.2.3 Oil Grade

Oil grades to this specification from different suppliers should be fully compatible.

5.2.4 Zinc Content

The zinc content must not exceed 80 ppmm maximum.

5.2.5 Notification of Changes to Formulation

The user must request from the lube oil supplier, notification of any changes to the formulation of abranded grade supplied for use in the turbine and give notification to the Company prior to its use inthe turbine and obtain the Companys prior written approval of the proposed use of the revisedspecification for the oil. The user shall be under a continuing obligation to ensure the suitability of thelubricating oil proposed to be used from time to time in the proprietary engines.

5.2.6 Viscosity

The normal requirements for all the Companys engines except the Hurricane, shall be ISO VG 46viscosity for normal temperature climate, as specified in BS 4231. The Hurricane must operate on ISOVG 46 for normal temperature climates. Special cases of high or low ambient or driven machineryrequirements may necessitate the use of heavier or lighter viscosity grades ISO/VG 68 or ISO/VG 32respectively. These cases must be referred to the Company for its prior written approval before theheavier or lighter grade oil is used in the engine


29/56




5.2.7 Viscosity Index Improvers

The use of Viscosity Index Improvers in lubrication oils is not allowed by the Company for itsproprietary engine range.

5.2.8 Rust PreventionBy agreement between the customer and the Company, the determination of rust-preventingcharacteristics of the lubrication oil may be carried out using distilled water in place of synthetic seawater. In this case Procedure A of BS2000: Part 135 shall be carried out with the inclusion of themodification given in appendix A of BS489: 1983.

5.2.9 FZG Index (Forschungssteelle fr Zahnrder und Getriebebau)

An FZG, gear machine is used to determine the relative load carrying capacity of the lubricating oil. AnFZG index refers to a maximum load beyond which steel/ steel gears will fail by scoring/scuffing.

5.2.10 Preservation

The oil shall be suitable for preservation of the engine and components, during storage and downtime,

for a minimum period of 90 days. If storage or down-time in excess of 90 days is expected then theuser shall consult his oil supplier for advice on preservation and re-commissioning.

5.2.11 Service Life

The user should obtain from the oil supplier permissible levels of contamination or property changeswhich limit the service life of the oil, such as water content, increase in total acidity, change inviscosity, loss of oxidation resistance, etc. and carry out frequent checks to determine the suitability ofthe oil.

5.2.12 Non-standard Ancillaries

In the case of engines being fitted with special ancillaries such as hydrostatic units, the user will beinformed by the Company at the contractual stage whether a need for specific lubrication oils has

arisen.

5.3 Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd Lubricating Oil Specification

The requirements of lubricating oil for use in the proprietary engines are given in Table 5.1.

5.4 BS 489 : 1983 Specification for Turbine Oils

The BS 489 specification conforms with the Companys lubricating oil specification given in Table 5.1with the following exceptions:

Inorganic acid Viscosity Index

Closed Flash point FZG Index


30/56




Viscosity Grade No.(ISO VG) (BS 4231) Nominal 32 46 68

ApplicableBritish

Standards Test

Identical technicaltest standard

Kinematic Viscosity () minimum 28.8 41.4 61.2 BS 2000: IP 71/95 &@40C [mm2/s] maximum 35.2 50.6 74.8 Part 71 ASTM.D445/ 97

ISO 3104ISO 3105ISO 3106

Viscosity Index minimum 90 90 90 BS 4459 ASTM D2270-93IP 226/91 (95)ISO 2909

Closed Flash Point C(Pensky-Martens)

minimum 190 195 200 BS 2000 : Part34

IP 34/88ASTM.D93-97

Pour Point

[C]maximum -6 -6 -6 BS 2000 :

Part 15IP 15/95 &

ASTM.D97

Demulsification Numbers maximum 300 300 360 BS 2000 :Part 19

IP 19

Copper Corrosion

Classification

maximum

2 2 2

BS 2000 :

Part 154(3 hrs @ 100C)

IP 154/93

ISO 2160(3hrs @ 100C)

ASTM.D130

Total Acidity[mg K0H/g]

maximum 0.20 0.20 0.20 BS 2000 : Part 1(Method A)

IP 1(Method A)

Rust PreventingCharacteristics

24 hour test NoRusting

NoRusting

NoRusting

BS 2000 :Part 135Procedure Bsee section 5.2.8herein

IP 135Procedure BISO 7120

Foaming Tendency at 24C 450 450 450 BS 2000 : Part IP 146/82 (88)Foam [ml] at 93.5C 50 50 100 146 ASTMD892-97

at 24C after test at93.5C

450 450 450

Foaming Stability at 24C Nil Nil 40 BS 2000 : Part IP 146 /82 (88)

after 10mins at 93.5C Nil Nil 10 146 ASTMD892 -97(maximum levels) [ml] at 24C after test at93.5C

Nil Nil 40

Air Release Value

(maximum levels)

minutes to 0.2% air

content at 50C 5 6 8 BS 2000: Part

313IP 313

ASTMD3427

Total Oxidation Products% [m/m] maximum 1.0 1.0 1.0 BS 2000 : IP 280Sludge % [m/m] maximum 0.4 0.4 0.4 Part 280

Inorganic Aciditymg KOH/g

Nil Nil Nil BS2000 Pt: 182 IP 182

FZG Index minimum pass 6 6 6 IP334ASTM D5182-97

Table 5.1 The Companys Lubricating Oil Specification


31/56




Section 6 Compressor Washing Water And Cleaning Fluids

6.1 IntroductionThis section defines the requirements for the washing water and cleaning fluid for hot or coldcompressor cleaning.

6.2 Washing Water

Only demineralised water which meets the following conditions should be used to dilute the cleaningfluid to make the cleaning solution and for rinsing.

6.2.1 General

The water is to be clear, colourless and free from solids in suspension.

6.2.2 Dissolved Solids

The total amount of dissolved solids is not to exceed 10 ppmm.

6.2.3 Silica

The total silica content (as SiO2) is not to exceed 3 ppmm.

6.2.4 Acidity

The pH value is to lie within the range 5.0 - 7.5.

6.2.5 Electrical Conductivity

The electrical conductivity at 20C + 5C must not exceed 11 S/cm.

6.3 Cleaning Fluid

This sub section defines the requirements of a cleaning fluid for use in the proprietary engines asdefined in section 1.

6.3.1 Definition

A cleaning fluid refers to a concentrate to be diluted with demineralised water before use.

6.3.2 Requirements

6.3.2.1 The cleaning fluid shall consist of a suitable corrosion inhibited, stable odourless solution ofnon toxic biodegradable surface active agents and/or emulsifiers.

6.3.2.2 It shall be homogeneous and totally free from suspended matter and deposits.6.3.2.3 It must not contain phenols or cresols.6.3.2.4 There must be no evidence of separation of component parts or precipitation when the

cleaning fluid is diluted with water or antifreeze mixture.6.3.2.5 The manufacturers shelf life of the cleaning fluid shall be a minimum of two years and the

product must be clearly labelled with a use by date.

6.3.3 Health And Safety Recommendations

The fluid must be used in accordance with the suppliers health and safety data sheets and disposed ofin line with the appropriate environmental regulations.

Many cleaning agents contain chemicals which can cause injury through prolonged or repeatedphysical contact or inhalation. Protective clothing and adequate ventilation should be provided duringhandling in accordance with supplier recommendations.


32/56




6.3.4 Approved Cleaning Fluids

A list of all cleaning fluids, approved by the Company from time to time, is available from the Companyon request. Your attention is drawn to the fact that the list may be changed from time to time and thatregular enquiry of the Company on this issue is recommended.

6.4 Cleaning So lut ion

6.4.1 Definition

A cleaning solution refers to the solution as injected into the turbine.

6.4.2 Requirements

6.4.2.1 The cleaning solution shall have the following compositional restrictions.

Sodium, Potassium and Lithium, Na+K+Li 25 ppmm max. (combined total)

Calcium and Magnesium, Ca+Mg 10 ppmm max. (combined total)

Lead and Vanadium, Pb+V 0.25 ppmm max. (combined total)

Chlorine, Cl 30 ppmm max.

Sulphur, S 50 ppmm max.

pH 6.5 to 9.0

Particulate matter 0.001%w/w max.

Ash @ 1050C 0.004 % w/w max.

Table 6.1 Cleaning Solution Requirements

6.4.2.2 The cleaning solution must not affect abradable coatings, rubber, paints, aluminium coatingsnor pit steel or nickel based materials.

6.4.2.3 Where the cleaning fluid is supplied as concentrate it shall be diluted with demineralisedwater as per manufacturers instruction before injection into the engine.

6.4.3 Antifreeze

When liquid washing during cold weather, it is necessary to add anti-freeze to the demineralised waterto prevent the formation of ice in the compressor.

Mono Propylene glycol, technical grade, must be used with any wash systems having heaters, such asthe new high pressure wash system. Mono Propylene glycol also goes by the name 1,2-propanediol,and propylene glycol. It should comply with ASTM D5216.

On no account should Methanol (methyl alcohol) be used with any wash systems with heaters ,because of the danger of vaporising the highly flammable methanol. However methanol, whichconforms to BS 506 part 1:1986, may be used in older systems which operate at lower temperatures.


33/56




Where methanol is not compatible with the customers chosen cleaning fluid the less effective ethanolor iso propyl alcohol (IPA) may be used as an alternative for unheated systems only.

Dipropylene glycol, tri propylene glycol and ethylene glycol are specifically prohibited from use withany wash system.

WARNING:

MANY ANTIFREEZES ARE HIGHLY FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC TO VARYING DEGREES.HANDLING AND STORAGE MUST ONLY TAKE PLACE IN A WELL VENTILATED AREA. THE

APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING E.G. RUBBER GLOVES, BREATHING APPARATUSETC., MUST BE WORN AS PER SUPPLIER INSTRUCTIONS.


34/56




Section 7 Injection Water

7.1 Introduction

This section defines the quality of water used to control emissions, or enhance power.

7.2 Temperature and Pressure

The injection water is supplied to the skid edge of the water injection module at conditions defined onthe appropriate piping and instrumentation diagram.

7.3 Requirements

The injection water quality must conform to the following requirements :

7.3.1 General

The water is to be clear, colourless and free from solid material.

7.3.2 Total Solids-Concentration Limit

At all times the total contaminants entering the turbine from all sources shall comply with section 1.2.1.

However the following additional limitations apply to injection water. These are based on a 1:1 water tofuel ratio and the Companys reference fuel. For different water to fuel ratios and customer fuels, thelimits must be adjusted accordingly.

Total dissolved and un-dissolved solids maximum should be 2.0 ppmm

7.3.3 Undissolved Solids - Size limit

The injection water must be supplied clean at the injection module with a filtration size limit of no larger

than Beta10 = 75 (10 m). This represents a 10 m filter operating at 98.7% efficiency. The particle

size distribution of the water downstream of the filter is as shown in Table 7.1:

Particle Size(m)

% of Total

10 - 20 1.3

< 10 98.7

Table 7.1 Particle Size Distribution

7.3.4 Total Dissolved Solids

The following limitation applies to total dissolved solids. These are based on a 1:1 water to fuel ratioand the Companys reference fuel. For different water to fuel ratios and customer fuels, the limits mustbe adjusted accordingly as explained in Appendix A 1.2. This is summarised in Table 7.2 for varioussteam to fuel ratio ranges and the companys reference fuel:

Water / Fuel Ratio 0 to 1:1 1:1 to 2:1

Allowable Total DissolvedSolids [ppmm]

1.0 0.50

Table 7.2 Allowable Total Dissolved Solids


35/56




7.3.5 Specific Solids

a). Metals

In addition to the Total Dissolved Solids limits already specified, the following limitation applies tospecific dissolved solids. These are based on a 1:1 water to fuel ratio and the Companys referencefuel. For different water to fuel ratios and customer fuels, the limits must be adjusted accordingly asexplained in Appendix A 1.2.

The limits in Table 7.3 are subject to the limits in Table 7.2 for total dissolved solids.

Vanadium, V 0.5 ppmm max

Calcium, Ca 1.0 ppmm max

Sodium + Potassium, Na + K 0.2 ppmm max (combined total)

Lead, Pb 0.1 ppmm maxLithium, Li 0.5 ppmm max

Table 7.3 Allowable Specific Dissolved Solids

b). Silica (SiO2)

In addition to the Total Solids limits already specified, the maximum silica content is limited to 0.04ppmm, based on a 1:1 water to fuel ratio and the Companys reference fuel. For different water to fuelratios and customer fuels, the limits must be adjusted as explained in Appendix A 1.2.

c). Sulphur

In addition to the Total Solids limits already specified, the maximum sulphur content is limited to 1.0ppmm, based on a 1:1 water to fuel ratio and the Companys reference fuel. For different water to fuelratios and customer fuels, the limits must be adjusted as explained in Appendix A 1.2.

7.3.6 Acidity

The injection water, when free from carbon dioxide, should be essentially neutral (having a pH valuebetween 6.5 and 7.5).

7.3.7 Electrical Conductivity

The electrical conductivity at 20oC 5

oC must not exceed 1.5 S/cm.These are based on a 1:1 water

to fuel ratio and the Companys reference fuel. For different water to fuel ratios and customer fuels, thelimits must be adjusted accordingly.

The Company recommends that the conductivity is continually monitored and the water supplyswitched off if the above value is exceeded.


36/56

especficaciones turbina aceite pag 28.pdf

Documents